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### Instruction:
Are serious complications within 30 days of screening and surveillance colonoscopy uncommon?
### Response:
| Complications after screening or surveillance colonoscopy are uncommon. Risk factors for complications include warfarin use and polypectomy with cautery. |
### Instruction:
Does prevalence and correlate of pain in the Canadian National Palliative Care Survey?
### Response:
| Pain continues to be a difficult problem for many patients who are receiving palliative cancer care, particularly younger individuals who are nearing death. |
### Instruction:
Does an unbiased screen identify DEP-1 tumor suppressor as a phosphatase controlling EGFR endocytosis?
### Response:
| EGFR and DEP-1 physically interact at the cell surface and maintain bidirectional enzyme-substrate interactions, which are relevant to their respective oncogenic and tumor-suppressive functions. These observations highlight the emerging roles of vesicular trafficking in malignant processes. |
### Instruction:
Does an acute pain service improve postoperative pain management for children undergoing selective dorsal rhizotomy?
### Response:
| Although we recognize that it is possible that there were changes in care not related specifically to the introduction of a dedicated APS that occurred in our institution that resulted in improvements in general postoperative care and in length of stay, our study did show that having an organized APS allowed to significantly decrease the incidence of postoperative oxygen desaturation and to decrease the hospital length of stay by 1 day. |
### Instruction:
Does heparin regulate colon cancer cell growth through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that an extracellular glycosaminoglycan, heparin, finely modulates expression of genes crucial to cell cycle regulation through specific activation of p38 MAP kinase to stimulate colon cancer cell growth. |
### Instruction:
Do mouth breathing children have cephalometric patterns similar to those of adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome?
### Response:
| Mouth breathing children present abnormal cephalometric parameters and their craniofacial morphology resembles that of patients with OSAS. |
### Instruction:
Are serum hepcidin-25 levels in patients with chronic kidney disease independent of glomerular filtration rate?
### Response:
| eGFR is not a major determinant of serum hepcidin-25 levels. In contrast, the hepcidin isoforms hepcidin-20 and hepcidin-22 accumulate in patients with renal impairment. |
### Instruction:
Does diabetes alter mortality or hemostatic and inflammatory responses in patients with severe sepsis?
### Response:
| Although diabetes is a risk factor for sepsis, once established, the outcome of severe sepsis does not appear to be significantly influenced by the presence of diabetes. In nondiabetic patients, however, admission hyperglycemia is associated with an increased mortality. |
### Instruction:
Does recombinant angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 improve pulmonary blood flow and oxygenation in lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in piglets?
### Response:
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 attenuates arterial hypoxemia, pulmonary hypertension, and redistribution of pulmonary blood flow in a piglet model of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and may be a promising substance for clinical use. |
### Instruction:
Is cHD5 down-regulated through promoter hypermethylation in gastric cancer?
### Response:
| CHD5 was a TSG epigenetically down-regulated in gastric cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is lymphoid EVA1 expression required for DN1-DN3 thymocytes transition?
### Response:
| Our findings show that modulation of Eva1 expression in thymocytes is crucial for lymphocyte physiological developmental progression and stromal differentiation. |
### Instruction:
Are serum calcium levels elevated among women with untreated postmenopausal breast cancer?
### Response:
| The distribution of serum calcium levels among postmenopausal women with incident breast cancer was shifted significantly toward the right. These findings are consistent with an effect of early breast tumors on calcium homeostasis. However, the lack of association between serum calcium levels and tumor size or stage supports the hypothesis that subclinical hyperparathyroidism may increase the risk for breast cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is the exon 3-deleted growth hormone receptor associated with better response to pegvisomant therapy in acromegaly?
### Response:
| The exon 3 deletion in the GHR predicts an improved response to pegvisomant therapy in acromegaly. |
### Instruction:
Does diet determine features of the metabolic syndrome in 6- to 14-year-old children?
### Response:
| In children, dietary macronutrient composition is a predictor of IR and systolic BP, but not resistin, adiponectin, or leptin concentrations. Resistin and adiponectin concentrations are not correlated with IR or BP in this age range. |
### Instruction:
Does a surgical review of the priority claim attributed to Abraham Groves ( 1847-1935 )?
### Response:
| Although Groves' impact was reduced by his location and the limited circulation of the journals in which he wrote, he demonstrated a systematic understanding of modern surgery well ahead of his contemporaries. |
### Instruction:
Does intensive coordinative training improve motor performance in degenerative cerebellar disease?
### Response:
| In patients with cerebellar ataxia, coordinative training improves motor performance and reduces ataxia symptoms, enabling them to achieve personally meaningful goals in everyday life. Training effects were more distinct for patients whose afferent pathways were not affected. For both groups, continuous training seems crucial for stabilizing improvements and should become standard of care. |
### Instruction:
Does circulating ghrelin exist in both lipoprotein bound and free forms?
### Response:
| The different binding patterns of AG and UAG may have significant implications for their biological effects, including roles in energy metabolism, the development of obesity and potentially in the modulation of cardiovascular disease. |
### Instruction:
Do comparative outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy in acute postoperative endophthalmitis with 25-gauge and 20-gauge techniques?
### Response:
| Twenty-five-gauge PPV seems to be safe and effective in the management of postoperative endophthalmitis. This sutureless technique may have some advantages over 20-gauge surgery, but controlled studies are needed to confirm the results. |
### Instruction:
Do dietary phytosterols and phytostanols alter the expression of sterol-regulatory genes in SHRSP and WKY inbred rats?
### Response:
| Altered expression of multiple sterol-regulatory genes may contribute to the incorporation and cholesterol-lowering actions of phytosterols and phytostanols. Phytosterols and phytostanols may act through different mechanism(s) on cholesterol and phytosterol/phytostanol trafficking. |
### Instruction:
Is renal protection by ischemic preconditioning associated with p50/p50 homodimers?
### Response:
| In conclusion, our investigation suggests that: (1) the general activity of NF-kappaB is attenuated in IPC kidneys, and (2) the remaining activation of NF-kappaB is dominated with p50/p50 homodimer. Both of these effects might subsequently downregulate IL-18 expression, as well as provide renal protective effects of IPC. Though we focused on the phenomenological observations in this study, the detailed mechanism is still to be determined. |
### Instruction:
Does low-energy laser irradiation accelerate the velocity of tooth movement via stimulation of the alveolar bone remodeling?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that LELI accelerates the velocity of tooth movement via stimulation of the alveolar bone remodeling. |
### Instruction:
Does glycogenome expression dynamics during mouse C2C12 myoblast differentiation suggest a sequential reorganization of membrane glycoconjugates?
### Response:
| For the first time, these results provide a broad description of the expression dynamics of glycogenes during C2C12 differentiation. Among the 37 highly deregulated glycogenes, 29 had never been associated with myogenesis. Their biological functions suggest new roles for glycans in skeletal myogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Are serum levels of CA15-3 , KL-6 and BCA225 positively correlated with each other in the general population?
### Response:
| This is the first report to show a positive correlation among these markers in the general population. All of these are recognized as belonging to the mucin family, and this might be the reason for the positive correlation. |
### Instruction:
Do hand movements at 3 months predict later hemiplegia in term infants with neonatal cerebral infarction?
### Response:
| We propose that the observed abnormalities of hand movements are the result of two different mechanisms: direct disruption of the corticospinal projection to the spinal cord, and altered modulation of the central pattern generators of general movements. |
### Instruction:
Do estrogen treatment following severe burn injury reduces brain inflammation and apoptotic signaling?
### Response:
| Following severe burn injury, estrogens decrease both brain inflammation and the activation of apoptosis, represented by an increase in the levels of phospho-Akt and inhibition of caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage. Results from these studies will help further our understanding of how estrogens protect the brain following burn injury, and may provide a novel, safe, and effective clinical treatment to combat remote secondary burn injury in the brain and to preserve cognition. |
### Instruction:
Do smad4-dependent pathways control basement membrane deposition and endodermal cell migration at early stages of mouse development?
### Response:
| Smad4 functional loss results in a dramatic shift in gene expression patterns and in the endodermal cell lineage causes an excess deposition of, or an inability to breakdown and remodel, the underlying BM layer. These structural abnormalities probably disrupt reciprocal signalling between the epiblast and overlying visceral endoderm required for gastrulation. |
### Instruction:
Is novelty seeking among adult women lower for the winter borns compared to the summer borns : replication in a large Finnish birth cohort?
### Response:
| Women born in winter have lower NS as adults compared to women born in summer. Because NS is modulated by dopamine, this study gives further support to the studies in the literature that show that dopamine turnover for those born in winter is higher than for those born in summer. |
### Instruction:
Is sleep spindle activity correlated with reading abilities in developmental dyslexia?
### Response:
| The correlation found between sleep spindle activity and reading abilities in developmental dyslexia supports the hypothesis of a role for NREM sleep and spindles in sleep-related neurocognitive processing. |
### Instruction:
Does gAD antibody positivity predict type 2 diabetes in an adult population?
### Response:
| GADA positivity clusters in families with type 1 diabetes or latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. GADA positivity predicts diabetes independently of family history of diabetes, and this risk was further increased with high GADA concentrations. |
### Instruction:
Does distraction osteogenesis induce endothelial progenitor cell mobilization without inflammatory response in man?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates a mobilization of EPC population during distraction osteogenesis in human limb-lengthening patients. Distraction strain provoked increases in the plasma levels of EPC-mobilizing cytokines, such as, VEGF and SDF-1. These findings suggest a possibility that therapeutical approaches which modulate EPC mobilization may speed bone healing by angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling during distraction osteogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does the exon-3 deleted growth hormone receptor polymorphism predispose to long-term complications of acromegaly?
### Response:
| In patients with long-term cured acromegaly, the d3GHR polymorphism is associated with an increased prevalence of irreversible comorbidities such as osteoarthritis, dolichocolon, and adenomatous colonic polyps, but not with other comorbidities such as cardiovascular risk factors. |
### Instruction:
Does body mass index have a good correlation with proatherosclerotic profile in children and adolescents?
### Response:
| Excess weight evaluated by BMIP was associated with increased blood pressure, triglycerides, HOMAir index, and low HDL-cholesterol, a proatherosclerotic profile in children and adolescents. |
### Instruction:
Does hyaluronic acid ameliorate bladder hyperactivity via the inhibition of H2O2-enhanced purinergic and muscarinic signaling in the rat?
### Response:
| These results indicate that hyaluronic acid treatment can ameliorate H(2)O(2)-induced bladder hyperactivity possibly via the antioxidant activity and the inhibition of activating purinergic and muscarinic signaling pathway. |
### Instruction:
Does hospital volume influence the choice of operation for thyroid cancer?
### Response:
| There is a significant relationship between hospital volume and the decision to perform bilateral surgery for thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid cancer surgery should be performed by experienced surgical teams in high-volume centres. |
### Instruction:
Are plasma amyloid beta42 and amyloid beta40 levels associated with early cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery?
### Response:
| Decreased preoperative plasma levels of Abeta(42) and Abeta(40) in patients who exhibit postoperative cognitive dysfunction at 3 months suggest that postoperative cognitive dysfunction at this time may share a common mechanism with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. This process may be exacerbated by anesthesia. |
### Instruction:
Is aortic intima media thickness an early marker of atherosclerosis in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus?
### Response:
| aIMT is an earlier marker than cIMT of preclinical atherosclerosis in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and relates to known cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic control. |
### Instruction:
Are methylation markers for CCNA1 and C13ORF18 strongly associated with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer in cervical scrapings?
### Response:
| Methylation of CCNA1 and C13ORF18 in cervical scrapings is strongly associated with CIN II or higher-grade lesions. Therefore, these markers might be used for direct referral to gynecologists for patients with a methylation-positive scraping. |
### Instruction:
Does x-inactivation modify disease severity in female carriers of murine X-linked Alport syndrome?
### Response:
| Our findings establish X-inactivation as a major modifier of the carrier phenotype in X-linked Alport syndrome. Thus, X-inactivation patterns may offer prognostic information and point to possible treatment strategies for symptomatic carriers. |
### Instruction:
Is a structured implicit abstraction method to evaluate whether content of counseling before prostate cancer screening consistent with recommendations by experts?
### Response:
| Counseling varied but most transcripts included some expert-recommended facts. The absence of other facts could be a quality deficit or an effort to prioritize messages and lessen cognitive demands on the patient. |
### Instruction:
Do mannose binding lectin and lung collectins interact with Toll-like receptor 4 and MD-2 by different mechanisms?
### Response:
| These results suggested that MBL binds to TLR4 and MD-2 through the carbohydrate-recognition domain, and that oligosaccharide moieties of TLR4 and MD-2 are important for recognition by MBL. Since our previous studies indicated that lung collectins bind to the peptide portions of TLRs, MBL and lung collectins interact with TLRs by different mechanisms. These direct interactions between MBL and TLR4 or MD-2 suggest that MBL may modulate cellular responses by altering signals through TLRs. |
### Instruction:
Is cIS a surrogate marker of genetic instability and field carcinogenesis in the urothelial mucosa?
### Response:
| This study points out that CIS is a marker of genetic instability of the urothelium mucosa. The CIS surrounding morphologically normal urothelium showed a high frequency of abnormal DNA content, with high percentage of clear aneuploid cells (high 5cER), p53 mutated protein expression, and a proliferative status underlying a field carcinogenesis. These alterations in normal mucosa were not found when CIS was not present. |
### Instruction:
Are associations between self-reported quality of care and county characteristics largely similar in rural and urban settings?
### Response:
| Despite rural/urban differences in contextual characteristics with potential influence on health care delivery, overall consumer perception of health care quality was similar in both settings. This suggests that health care managers may be adopting setting-specific strategies to enhance consumer satisfaction despite contextual differences. |
### Instruction:
Are optimal mycophenolic acid and mycophenolic acid glucuronide levels at the early period after kidney transplantation the key contributors to improving long-term outcomes?
### Response:
| Optimal MPA and MPAG exposure in the early posttransplant period may improve renal graft outcomes. |
### Instruction:
Does hydrogen sulfide promote transient receptor potential vanilloid 1-mediated neurogenic inflammation in polymicrobial sepsis?
### Response:
| The present study shows that hydrogen sulfide induces systemic inflammation and multiple organ damage characteristic of sepsis via transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1-mediated neurogenic inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Do isolation of Staphylococcus aureus and black-pigmented bacteroides indicate a high risk for the development of Ludwig 's angina?
### Response:
| Elevated levels of CRP and urea could indicate the severity of infection in patients with LA. This could be because of the highly virulent and fast-spreading organisms, S. aureus and black-pigmented bacteroides, which may be a factor indicative of LA. |
### Instruction:
Are biological markers of cardiac damage related to measures of cardiac systolic and diastolic function using cardiovascular magnetic resonance and echocardiography after an acute bout of prolonged endurance exercise?
### Response:
| Biomarkers of cardiac damage after prolonged exercise are not associated with either systolic or diastolic functional measures. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Value of ultrasonographic grading with high-frequency probes in distinguishing breast tumors ]?
### Response:
| Grading of breast tumors with high-frequency ultrasonography helps evaluate the nature of the tumors, and a higher score suggests increased probability of malignancy. |
### Instruction:
Is selective chloride loading pressor in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat despite hydrochlorothiazide-induced natriuresis?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that in the SHRSP, dietary KCl loading can induce a pressor effect despite concomitant hydrochlorothiazide-induced natriuresis that elicits a negative external sodium balance. The results provide evidence that in the SHRSP the pressor effect of selective chloride loading does not depend on a positive external sodium balance, but rather on a mechanism actuated by chloride per se. |
### Instruction:
Does the anxiogenic drug FG7142 increase self-injurious behavior in male rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta )?
### Response:
| The present findings indicate that self-biting is anxiety-related in some but not all SIB monkeys, suggesting that this behavioral pathology is heterogeneous as has previously been suggested for SIB in humans. |
### Instruction:
Does nKG2D ligand expression in human colorectal cancer reveal associations with prognosis and evidence for immunoediting?
### Response:
| The observations presented are consistent with an immunoediting mechanism that selects tumor cells that have lost or reduced their expression of NKG2D ligands. The combination of MIC and tumor-node-metastasis stage was found to be the strongest predictor of survival, splitting patients into eight groups and suggesting prognostic value in clinical assessment. Of particular interest were stage I patients with low expression of MIC who had a similar survival to stage III patients, and may be candidates for adjuvant therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does comprehensive genomic analysis reveal clinically relevant molecular distinctions between thymic carcinomas and thymomas?
### Response:
| Comprehensive genomic analysis suggests that thymic carcinomas are molecularly distinct from thymomas. These data have clinical, pathologic, and therapeutic implications for the treatment of thymic malignancies. |
### Instruction:
Does intratumoral expression of mature human neutrophil peptide-1 mediate antitumor immunity in mice?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that HNP1 can exert multiple antitumor effects through different mechanisms; more importantly, HNP1 mediates host immune responses to tumors in situ through the recruitment and subsequent activation of immature dendritic cells and thus shows promising potential in cancer therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does strategic faculty recruitment increase research productivity within an academic university division?
### Response:
| Strategic recruitment resulted in increased and sustained research productivity. Interactions between research scientists and clinicians resulted in successful program grant funding support. These results have implications for sustaining the research mission within academic departments of surgery. |
### Instruction:
Does validation of diagnostic codes for outpatient-originating sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmia in Medicaid and Medicare claim data?
### Response:
| First-listed SD/VA diagnostic codes identified in inpatient or emergency department encounters had very good agreement with clinical diagnoses and functioned well to identify outpatient-originating events. Researchers using such codes can be confident of the PPV when conducting studies of SD/VA originating in the outpatient setting. |
### Instruction:
Are placental growth hormone and growth hormone binding protein first trimester maternal serum markers of Down syndrome?
### Response:
| PGH and GHBP are early first trimester maternal serum markers for DS [Correction made here after initial online publication]. |
### Instruction:
Does atorvastatin prevent gentamicin-induced renal damage in rats through the inhibition of p38-MAPK and NF-kappaB pathways?
### Response:
| ATO acts in the kidney as a potent scavenger of free radicals to prevent the toxic effects of GM via the inhibition of MAPK and NF-kappaB signaling pathways and iNOS expression. |
### Instruction:
Does cyclosporine induce endothelin-1 mRNA synthesis and nitric oxide production in human proximal tubular epithelial cell cultures?
### Response:
| Increased synthesis of endothelin-1 mRNA and nitric oxide as well as a significant cytotoxic effect on tubular epithelial cells under the influence of CsA might be related to the development of CsA nephrotoxicity. |
### Instruction:
Does respiratory muscle strength in rheumatic mitral stenosis improve after balloon valvotomy?
### Response:
| Improvement in dyspnea in mitral stenosis after balloon valvotomy is associated with significant improvement in respiratory muscle strength. |
### Instruction:
Is late-gestation ventricular myocardial reduction in fetuses of hyperglycemic CD1 mice associated with increased apoptosis?
### Response:
| Maternal hyperglycemia causes dys-regulated apoptosis of fetal myocardial cells. Such effect may be prevented by maternal immune stimulation. |
### Instruction:
Is s100A8 and S100A9 expression a crucial factor for dedifferentiation in thyroid carcinoma?
### Response:
| S100A8 plays an important role in dedifferentiation of thyroid carcinoma possibly by forming a complex with S100A9. |
### Instruction:
Do intermediate frequency magnetic fields generated by an induction heating ( IH ) cooktop affect genotoxicities and expression of heat shock proteins?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that exposure to an IF magnetic field at 6.05 mT(rms) for 2 h does not cause detectable cellular genotoxicity, and does not induce detectable cellular stress. |
### Instruction:
Do multiple blood-proteins approach for early-response exposure assessment using an in vivo murine radiation model?
### Response:
| Results from this study represent a proof-of-concept for multiple blood-proteins biodosimetry approach. It was demonstrated for the first time that protein expression profile could be developed not only to assess radiation exposure in male BALB/c mice but also to distinguish the level of radiation exposure, ranging from 1-7 Gy. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Early visual screening appear essential to detect complete amblyopia risk and to treat strabismus earlier ]?
### Response:
| This screening has led to quadrupling the number of children wearing corrective lenses and monitoring the others presenting visual abnormalities, confirming the advantages of early visual screening for children under 3 years of age. |
### Instruction:
Is tolerance to ethanol sedation and withdrawal hyper-excitability mediated via neuropeptide Y Y1 and Y5 receptors?
### Response:
| The results underscore a role for NPY Y1 and Y5 receptors in the ethanol induced sedation, tolerance and withdrawal hyper-excitability. We suggest that modulation of NPY Y1 and Y5 receptors may be a strategy to address the ethanol withdrawal conditions. |
### Instruction:
Does leptin interfere with 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( cAMP ) signaling to inhibit steroidogenesis in human granulosa cells?
### Response:
| In the present study, we investigated the cellular mechanisms underlying leptin-regulated steroidogenesis in human granulosa cells. We show that leptin inhibits 8-bromo cAMP-stimulated progesterone production in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, we show that leptin inhibits expression of the cAMP-stimulated steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein, the rate limiting de novo protein in progesterone synthesis. Leptin induces the activation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK but only the ERK1/2 (PD98059) and p38 (SB203580) inhibitors attenuate the leptin-induced inhibition of cAMP-stimulated StAR protein expression and progesterone production. These data suggest that the leptin-induced MAPK signal transduction pathway interferes with cAMP/PKA-stimulated steroidogenesis in human granulosa cells. Moreover, siRNA mediated knock-down of the endogenous leptin receptor attenuates the effect of leptin on cAMP-induced StAR protein expression and progesterone production, suggesting that the effect of leptin on steroidogenesis in granulosa cells is receptor dependent. In summary, leptin acts through the MAPK pathway to downregulate cAMP-induced StAR protein expression and progesterone production in immortalized human granulosa cells. These results suggest a possible mechanism by which gonadal steroidogenesis could be suppressed in obese women. |
### Instruction:
Is canonical Wnt signaling antagonized by noncanonical Wnt5a in hepatocellular carcinoma cells?
### Response:
| Differential expression of Wnt ligands in HCC cells is associated with selective activation of canonical Wnt signaling in well-differentiated, and its repression in poorly differentiated cell lines. One potential mechanism of repression involved Wnt5a, acting as an antagonist of canonical Wnt signaling. Our observations support the hypothesis that Wnt pathway is selectively activated or repressed depending on differentiation status of HCC cells. We propose that canonical and noncanonical Wnt pathways have complementary roles in HCC, where the canonical signaling contributes to tumor initiation, and noncanonical signaling to tumor progression. |
### Instruction:
Does injuries due to fall from hunters ' tree stands in Pennsylvania?
### Response:
| Falls from tree stands associated with deer hunting are an increasing and important cause of injuries, especially for older hunters. Surveillance for tree stand-related injuries should be enhanced and preventive initiatives developed and tested. |
### Instruction:
Does chronic kidney disease increase cardiovascular unfavourable outcomes in outpatients with heart failure?
### Response:
| In this cohort of patients with CHF stages B and C, CKD was prevalent and independently associated with increased risk of hospitalization and death secondary to cardiac decompensation, especially in asymptomatic patients. |
### Instruction:
Does genetic and pharmacological inhibition of calcineurin correct the BDNF transport defect in Huntington 's disease?
### Response:
| Our results validate calcineurin as a target for the treatment of HD and provide the first demonstration of the restoration of huntingtin function by an FDA-approved compound. |
### Instruction:
Does immunomonitoring of graft-versus-host minor histocompatibility antigen correlate with graft-versus-host disease and absence of relapse after graft?
### Response:
| Our results provide a robust method to monitor mH antigen graft-versus-host reaction and suggest that current identified mH have predictive value on GVHD and GVL. |
### Instruction:
Is fine needle aspiration using improved agar microbiopsy highly concordant with renal mass final diagnosis and subclassification?
### Response:
| Ex vivo fine needle aspiration using an improved agar microbiopsy block technique is highly concordant (98%) with the final diagnosis and subclassification of renal masses. Future validation using an in vivo pretreatment setting is needed to determine its clinical value. |
### Instruction:
Are joint torques and powers reduced during ambulation for both limbs in patients with unilateral claudication?
### Response:
| Patients with PAD with unilateral claudication demonstrate significant gait impairments in both limbs that are present even before they experience any claudication symptoms. Overall, our data demonstrate significantly reduced ankle plantar flexion torque and power during late stance with reduced knee power during early and mid stance for the affected limb. Further studies are needed to determine if these findings are dependent on the location and the severity of lower extremity ischemia and whether the changes in the nonaffected limb are the result of underlying PAD or compensatory changes from the affected limb dysfunction. |
### Instruction:
Do breast cancer and cervical cancer control program enrollees inform the kin keeper curriculum?
### Response:
| The methodology was validated; the curriculum was well-informed and CHWs were effectively cross trained using the curriculum. |
### Instruction:
Is recovery from hind limb ischemia less effective in type 2 than in type 1 diabetic mice : roles of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and endothelial progenitor cells?
### Response:
| Type 2 diabetic mice displayed a significantly less effective response to hind limb ischemia than type 1 diabetic mice. |
### Instruction:
Does the VEGF -634G > C promoter polymorphism is associate with risk of gastric cancer?
### Response:
| Our data suggested that the VEGF-634G>C SNP may be a marker for susceptibility to gastric cancer, and this finding needs to be validated in larger studies. |
### Instruction:
Does cC chemokine receptor-1 activate intimal smooth muscle-like cells in graft arterial disease?
### Response:
| These studies provide a novel mechanistic insight into the formation of vascular intimal hyperplasia and suggest a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing allograft arteriopathy. |
### Instruction:
Is physical activity a determinant of circadian blood pressure variation in chronic kidney disease?
### Response:
| Physical activity is an independent determinant of circadian variation in BP. We speculate that among patients with CKD, a sedentary lifestyle, rather than non-dipping, mediates increased cardiovascular risk. |
### Instruction:
Is famotidine inferior to pantoprazole in preventing recurrence of aspirin-related peptic ulcers or erosions?
### Response:
| In patients with aspirin-related peptic ulcers/erosions, high-dose famotidine therapy is inferior to pantoprazole in preventing recurrent dyspeptic or bleeding ulcers/erosions. |
### Instruction:
Does saddle shape of the mitral annulus reduce systolic strains on the P2 segment of the posterior mitral leaflet?
### Response:
| Nonplanar shape of the mitral annulus significantly reduced the mechanical strains on the posterior leaflet during systolic valve closure. Reduction in strain in both the radial and circumferential directions may reduce loading on the suture lines and potentially improve repair durability, and also inhibit progression of valve degeneration in patients with myxomatous valve disease. |
### Instruction:
Do cHEK2 germline mutations correlate with recurrence rate in patients with superficial bladder cancer?
### Response:
| The results indicate that patients with CHEK2 mutation may present poorer clinical course with several recurrences of SBC. It also suggests a possible prognostic significance of CHEK2 analysis in identifying patients with higher risk of recurrence, which may imply more aggressive treatment modalities or necessity of modified follow-up schedule. |
### Instruction:
Does tubulin polymerization modify cardiac sodium channel expression and gating?
### Response:
| Enhanced tubulin polymerization reduces sarcolemmal Na(v)1.5 expression and I(Na) amplitude in a beta1-subunit-independent fashion and causes I(Na) fast and slow inactivation impairment in a beta1-subunit-dependent way. These changes may underlie conduction-slowing-dependent cardiac arrhythmias under conditions of enhanced tubulin polymerization, e.g. TXL treatment and heart failure. |
### Instruction:
Are some sex hormone profiles consistent over time in normal menstruating women : implications for sports injury epidemiology?
### Response:
| Hormone profiles were reproducible over two consecutive months. To reduce month-to-month intraindividual variations and improve measurement consistency, it is recommended that multiple samples be taken over consecutive days as opposed to a single sample. |
### Instruction:
Do preoperative NT-proBNP and CRP predict perioperative major cardiovascular events in non-cardiac surgery?
### Response:
| High preoperative NT-proBNP or CRP is a strong and independent predictor of perioperative major cardiovascular event in non-cardiac surgery. The predictive power of current clinical risk evaluation system would be strengthened by these biomarkers. |
### Instruction:
Does cT colonography predictably overestimate colonic length and distance to polyps compared with optical colonoscopy?
### Response:
| Anus-to-cecum and anus-to-polyp distances are disparate but comparable using a conversion factor of 0.57 for the CTC anus-to-cecum measurement and 0.59 for right-sided CTC anus-to-polyp or 0.78 for left-sided CTC anus-to-polyp measurements. These anus-to-polyp conversion factors could potentially augment current CTC guidelines for accurate and precise polyp localization and removal at endoscopy. |
### Instruction:
Is mechanism of lapatinib-mediated radiosensitization of breast cancer cells primarily by inhibition of the Raf > MEK > ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade and radiosensitization of lapatinib-resistant cells restored by direct inhibition of MEK?
### Response:
| These data suggest that radiosensitization by lapatinib is mediated largely through inhibition of MEK/ERK and that direct inhibition of this pathway may provide an additional avenue of radiosensitization in EGFR+ or HER2+ breast cancers. |
### Instruction:
Does l-arginine reverse cigarette-induced reduction of fractional exhaled nitric oxide in asthmatic smokers?
### Response:
| In asthmatic smokers, L-arginine increases FE(NO) after cigarette smoking but not in non-asthmatic smokers. The decrease in FE(NO) after aminoguanidine and subsequent partial reversal by L-arginine in both groups, suggests that Type II NOS contributes to the FE(NO) in both. |
### Instruction:
Is operator an independent predictor of detecting prostate cancer at transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy?
### Response:
| Significant differences in prostate cancer detection exist among operators who perform transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy even in the same setting. The volume of previously performed transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsies does not appear to influence the positive prostate cancer detection rate, nor could a learning curve be identified. Differences in prostate cancer detection among operators are likely related to unknown differences in expertise or technique. Further research is needed. |
### Instruction:
Do elevated plasma levels of PAI-1 predict cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality in prevalent peritoneal dialysis patients?
### Response:
| Plasma levels of PAI-1 41 ng/mL is a significant predictor of CV mortality and CVEs in PD patients. |
### Instruction:
Do metabolic factors and microinflammatory state promote kidney injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients?
### Response:
| The abnormality of metabolic factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus had a close relationship to the microinflammatory state and chronic kidney disease. Hypertension and hyperlipidemia were independent factors of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. |
### Instruction:
Does unilateral ureteral obstruction alter expression of acid-base transporters in rat kidney?
### Response:
| The expression of renal acid-base transporters is markedly decreased in the obstructed kidney, which may be responsible for the contribution of impaired renal H(+) excretion and HCO(3)(-) reabsorption to the urinary acidification defect in response to unilateral ureteral obstruction. |
### Instruction:
Is functional transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 expressed in human urothelial cells?
### Response:
| TRPV1 receptors expressed by human urothelial cells respond to capsaicin and thermal stimuli. Capsaicin evoked release of adenosine triphosphate suggests that human urothelial TRPV1 is involved in the afferent branch of the micturition reflex. Inflammatory mediators decrease the TRPV1 thermal threshold of activation to body temperature and increase its expression. This finding may be relevant for symptoms associated with cystitis. |
### Instruction:
Do mice chronically fed high-fat diet have increased mortality and disturbed immune response in sepsis?
### Response:
| Our findings imply that chronic HFD disturb several innate immune functions in mice, and impairs the ability to clear S. aureus and survive sepsis. |
### Instruction:
Do sleep stage dynamics differ between children with and without obstructive sleep apnea?
### Response:
| Durations of uninterrupted sleep and specific sleep stages appear to follow exponential distributions in children with or without SDB. Parameters that describe these distributions--particularly mean duration of stage 2 sleep periods--may provide useful additions to standard sleep stage analyses. |
### Instruction:
Do antiepileptic drugs combined with high-frequency electrical stimulation in the ventral hippocampus modify pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rats?
### Response:
| Subeffective doses of antiepileptic drugs that increase the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurotransmission may represent a therapeutic tool to augment the HFS-induced anticonvulsant effects. |
### Instruction:
Is urinalysis reliable to detect a urinary tract infection in febrile infants presenting to the ED?
### Response:
| Urinalysis is not reliable for the detection of urinary tract infections in febrile infants when compared with urine cultures. |
### Instruction:
Are implanon users less likely to be satisfied with their contraception after 6 months than IUD users?
### Response:
| IUD users reported a higher level of satisfaction than did Implanon users at 6 months. Side effects in women using IUDs and Implanon are common. The range of likely side effects should be included in counseling women about long-term reversible contraception. |
### Instruction:
Is anemia of inflammation related to cognitive impairment among children in Leyte , the Philippines?
### Response:
| NIDA, predominantly due to AI in this context, was related to lower performance on two tests of cognitive function. This is likely due to decreased delivery of iron to host tissues in this context, including the CNS. |
### Instruction:
Does hypoxia transiently sequester mps1 and polo to collagenase-sensitive filaments in Drosophila prometaphase oocytes?
### Response:
| These findings identify both a novel cellular structure (the ooplasmic filaments) as well as a new localization pattern for Mps1 and Polo and demonstrate that hypoxia affects Polo localization in Drosophila. |
### Instruction:
Does the endothelin receptor antagonist avosentan ameliorate nephropathy and atherosclerosis in diabetic apolipoprotein E knockout mice?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that ETA blockade with avosentan may provide an alternate therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diabetic micro- and macrovascular complications. |
### Instruction:
Are plasma protein C levels in immunocompromised septic patients significantly lower than immunocompetent septic patients : a prospective cohort study?
### Response:
| Protein C levels were significantly lower in immunocompromised patients when compared to immunocompetent patients in severe sepsis and sepsis categories. Our study suggests a plausible role for APC in severely septic immunocompromised patients which need further elucidation. |
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