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### Instruction:
Is prostaglandin EP2 receptor expression increased in Barrett 's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that in addition to COX-2, EP2 and EP4 receptors could be a selective target in the prevention and/or treatment of the Barrett's-associated adenocarcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Is overweight associated with impaired beta-cell function during pregnancy : a longitudinal study of 553 normal pregnancies?
### Response:
| beta-cell function adjusted for insulin sensitivity (DI(o)) deteriorated during pregnancy in both glucose-tolerant and glucose-intolerant women. The failure to compensate the decrease in insulin sensitivity was accentuated in overweight women. |
### Instruction:
Is hyperuricemia a mediator of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in renal allograft recipients?
### Response:
| Hyperuricemia mediates endothelial dysfunction and inflammation and via this pathway, possibly contributes to chronic allograft injury and cardiovascular events in renal allograft recipients. |
### Instruction:
Is [ Expression of the hrcC , hrpE and hpa3 genes regulated by the hrpG and hrpX genes in a rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzicola ]?
### Response:
| This indicated that the expression of the hrcC, hrpE and hpa3 genes was not regulated by the hrpG and/or hrpX genes, but the expression of the hrcT gene was negatively controlled by the hrpG gene. Thus, we postulated that the expression of key type- III secretion (T3S) apparatus components was controlled by an unknown signaling pathway, which may facilitate our further understanding on the formation of the T3S machine. |
### Instruction:
Do human umbilical cord blood cells protect against hypothalamic apoptosis and systemic inflammation response during heatstroke in rats?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that HUCBC transplantation may prevent the occurrence of heatstroke by reducing hypothalamic neuronal damage and the systemic inflammatory responses. |
### Instruction:
Are empiric antibiotics justified for infants with respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection presenting with respiratory failure : a prospective study and evidence review?
### Response:
| While the small size of this study does not permit definitive conclusions, these data, in combination with other data from the literature, suggest that composite evidence of bacterial pneumonia in otherwise low-risk infants with RSV presenting with respiratory failure is 20% or higher and the use of empirical antibiotics for 24 to 48 hrs pending culture results may be justified and could be used until CBP is excluded. |
### Instruction:
Is [ Prevalence of colorectal adenoma increased in patients with gastric adenoma ]?
### Response:
| The risk of colorectal adenoma increases significantly in patients with gastric adenoma. We suggest that colonoscopic surveillance may be necessary in patients with gastric adenoma. |
### Instruction:
Does intolerance to initial orthostasis relate to systolic BP changes in elders?
### Response:
| Our study suggests that orthostatic SBP changes may be more important than DBP changes as determinants of early OI during active stand. The crucial importance of the quick recovery of SBP in order to avoid OI is biologically plausible and is discussed in the context of initial OH pathophysiology. |
### Instruction:
Is chondrocyte viability higher after prolonged storage at 37 degrees C than at 4 degrees C for osteochondral grafts?
### Response:
| The 37 degrees C storage of osteochondral grafts supports long-term chondrocyte viability, especially at the vulnerable surface and superficial zone of cartilage. |
### Instruction:
Is visceral fat area an independent predictive biomarker of outcome after first-line bevacizumab-based treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer?
### Response:
| This study provides the first evidence that high VFA independently predicts a poorer outcome in patients given first-line bevacizumab-based treatment for MCC. However, this predictive biomarker needs to be validated in a different dataset. |
### Instruction:
Is right-to-left ventricular diastolic delay in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension associated with activation delay and action potential prolongation in right ventricle?
### Response:
| Additive effects of electrophysiological changes in RV, notably, conduction slowing and action potential prolongation, assessed by epicardial activation-recovery interval, contribute to diastolic interventricular delay in patients with CTEPH. |
### Instruction:
Does left ventricular endocardial pacing improve resynchronization therapy in canine left bundle-branch hearts?
### Response:
| Data from this acute animal study indicate that the use of an endocardial LV pacing electrode may increase the efficacy of resynchronization therapy as compared with conventional epicardial resynchronization therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does membrane-dependent bystander effect contribute to amplification of the response to alpha-particle irradiation in targeted and nontargeted cells?
### Response:
| A complex interaction of direct irradiation and bystander signals leads to a membrane-dependent amplification of cell responses that could influence therapeutic outcomes in tissues exposed to low doses or to environmental exposure. |
### Instruction:
Do rapamycin and CCI-779 inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin signalling in hepatocellular carcinoma?
### Response:
| Our findings indicate that rapamycin and its clinical analogue CCI-779 possess tumour-suppressive functions towards HCC cells. |
### Instruction:
Are cold saline infusion and ice packs alone effective in inducing and maintaining therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest?
### Response:
| Intravenous cold saline infusion combined with ice packs is effective in inducing and maintaining therapeutic hypothermia, with good temperature control even during rewarming. |
### Instruction:
Is meta-analysis : increased mortality associated with hepatitis C in HIV-infected persons unrelated to HIV disease progression?
### Response:
| HCV coinfection did not increase mortality among patients with HIV infection before the introduction of HAART. In contrast, in the HAART era, HCV coinfection, compared with HIV infection alone, increases the risk of mortality, but not the risk of AIDS-defining events. Future studies should determine whether successful treatment of HCV infection could reduce this excess risk of mortality in coinfected patients. |
### Instruction:
Does 18F-FMT uptake seen within primary cancer on PET help predict outcome of non-small cell lung cancer?
### Response:
| Uptake of (18)F-FMT in primary tumors was an independent prognostic factor in patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Does 18F-FDG small-animal PET/CT differentiate trastuzumab-responsive from unresponsive human breast cancer xenografts in athymic mice?
### Response:
| Changes in the tumor uptake of (18)F-FDG after therapy accurately identified responding and nonresponding human BC xenografts in athymic mice treated with trastuzumab; however, diminished glucose utilization did not precede changes in tumor volume. |
### Instruction:
Does liver X receptor agonist inhibit proliferation of ovarian carcinoma cells stimulated by oxidized low density lipoprotein?
### Response:
| OxLDL reduced ovarian carcinoma cell chemosensitivity and stimulated proliferation. These effects were reversed by LXR agonist or fluvastatin. The LXR agonist also inhibited expression of the ovarian cancer mitogen CT-1. These observations suggest a biologic mechanism for our clinical finding that ovarian cancer survival is associated with statin use. Targeting LXR and statin use may have a therapeutic role in ovarian cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does crosstalk to stromal fibroblasts induce resistance of lung cancer to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that crosstalk to stromal fibroblasts plays a critical role in lung cancer resistance to EGFR-TKIs and may be an ideal therapeutic target in lung cancer with EGFR-activating mutations. |
### Instruction:
Is n-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide a major predictor of the development of atrial fibrillation : the Cardiovascular Health Study?
### Response:
| In a community-based population of older adults, NT-proBNP was a remarkable predictor of incident AF, independent of any other previously described risk factor. |
### Instruction:
Are echo/Doppler-derived time intervals able to predict left ventricular reverse remodeling after cardiac resynchronization therapy?
### Response:
| Echo/Doppler derived indices, describing physiologic abnormalities of the isovolumic contraction and relaxation phase, are able to predict CRT-induced reverse remodeling. |
### Instruction:
Does activation of central opioid receptors induce cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury?
### Response:
| Intrathecally administered morphine can produce cardioprotective effects via the activation of central opioid receptors, without the apparent involvement of peripheral opioid receptors. |
### Instruction:
Does extent of corpectomy determine primary stability following isolated anterior reconstruction in a thoracolumbar fracture model?
### Response:
| Isolated anterior reconstructions of the thoracolumbar spine revealed sufficient stiffness in the partial vertebral corpus defect. In contrast, total corpectomy did not show an adequate stiffness. Especially in regard to rotational stiffness additional posterior fixation has to be recommended. |
### Instruction:
Is pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A an independent short-time predictor of mortality in patients on maintenance haemodialysis?
### Response:
| PAPP-A is a novel and independent short-time predictor of mortality in a maintenance HD population. The pathogenetic relevance of PAPP-A, particularly in the development of cardiovascular disease, remains to be further elucidated. |
### Instruction:
Does staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation at the physiologic glucose concentration depend on the S. aureus lineage?
### Response:
| The adherence to polystyrene surfaces under physiologic glucose concentration (0.1%) was dependent on the clonal lineage. Strains associated with MLST CC8 were markedly more often classified as strong biofilm former at glucose concentrations of 0%, 0.1% and 0.25%. The present study reveals that the MLST CC8 associated genetic background was a predisposing factor for strong biofilm formation in vitro, under all tested glucose concentrations. |
### Instruction:
Are t cells in sputum of asthmatic patients activated independently of disease severity or control?
### Response:
| Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are activated in the lungs and peripheral blood of asthmatic patients. However, with the possible exception of CD69+ CD8+ T lymphocytes in the sputum, there is no association between T cell activation phenotype in the target organ and disease severity or control. |
### Instruction:
Does characterization of global microRNA expression reveal oncogenic potential of miR-145 in metastatic colorectal cancer?
### Response:
| MiRNAs showing altered expression at different stages of CRC could be targets for CRC therapies and be further developed as potential diagnostic and prognostic analytes. The identified biological processes and signalling pathways collectively targeted by co-expressed miRNAs in CRC provide a basis for understanding the functional role of miRNAs in cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does isoflurane preconditioning ameliorate endotoxin-induced acute lung injury and mortality in rats?
### Response:
| Isoflurane preconditioning can attenuate pulmonary proinflammatory cytokine release and decrease the mortality induced by severe sepsis. Early protection seems to be mediated partly through inhibition of iNOS-NO pathway activation. |
### Instruction:
Is high central pulse pressure independently associated with adverse cardiovascular outcome the strong heart study?
### Response:
| Central PP > or =50 mm Hg predicts adverse CVD outcome and may serve as a target in intervention strategies if confirmed in other populations and in prospective studies. |
### Instruction:
Does pTP4A3 expression increase strongly in lymph node metastases from colorectal carcinoma?
### Response:
| The role of the PTP4A3 has not yet been fully elucidated. Our finding indicate PTP4A3 is strongly expressed in colorectal carcinoma metastases of the lymph nodes although the significance of this is unclear. |
### Instruction:
Is expression of M-CSF and CSF-1R correlated with histological grade in soft tissue tumors?
### Response:
| The expression of M-CSF and CSF-1R in tumor cell areas and adjacent stromal areas correlate with the histological grade of soft tissue tumors. |
### Instruction:
Is the ANKK1 gene associated with addictions expressed in astroglial cells and upregulated by apomorphine?
### Response:
| Spatial and temporal regulation of the expression of ANKK1 suggest an involvement of astroglial cells in TaqIA-related neuropsychiatric phenotypes both during development and adult life. |
### Instruction:
Is major mite allergen Der f 1 concentration reduced in buildings with improved energy performance?
### Response:
| Major mite allergen Der f 1 preferentially accumulates in buildings not specifically designed for low energy use, reaching levels at risk for sensitization. We hypothesize that controlled mechanical ventilation present in all audited LEB may favour lower air humidity and hence lower mite growth and allergen concentration, while preserving optimal perceived comfort. |
### Instruction:
Does gAP-43 expression correlate with spinal motoneuron regeneration following root avulsion?
### Response:
| Close association of GAP-43 expression and capacity of regeneration in reimplanted spinal nerve of avulsed motoneurons suggests that GAP-43 is a potential therapeutic target for treatment of root avulsion of brachial plexus. |
### Instruction:
Is secondary decline of cerebral autoregulation associated with worse outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage?
### Response:
| Cerebral autoregulation is primarily preserved in acute ICH, but a secondary decline mainly ipsilateral to the ICH can occur. This is associated with poor clinical status, ventricular hemorrhage, lower cerebral perfusion pressure and worse clinical outcome. |
### Instruction:
Does repair of erosions occur almost exclusively in damaged joints without swelling?
### Response:
| Repair of erosions almost exclusively occurs in joints with improvement or absence of swelling, in patients treated with etanercept. Progression is seen more frequently in joints with persistent swelling, in patients receiving methotrexate monotherapy, primarily if damage is already present. |
### Instruction:
Does the lymphatic system control intestinal inflammation and inflammation-associated Colon Cancer through the chemokine decoy receptor D6?
### Response:
| D6 expressed on lymphatic vessels plays a key role in the control of intestinal inflammation and the development of inflammation-associated colon cancer. Our results reveal a new unexpected role for the lymphatic system in the pathogenesis of IBD and intestinal cancer, and candidate chemokines as novel players in tumour promotion and progression. |
### Instruction:
Is extent of disease burden determined with magnetic resonance imaging of the bone marrow predictive of survival outcome in patients with multiple myeloma?
### Response:
| BM-MRI is a novel approach for quantifying disease burden in patients with MM. The current investigation in a large cohort of nontransplantion MM patients demonstrated that the extent of bone marrow involvement determined by BM-MRI correlates accurately with other conventional parameters of disease burden and can independently predict survival in patients with MM at the time of initial diagnosis. |
### Instruction:
Does superinfection occur in Anaplasma phagocytophilum infected sheep irrespective of infection phase and protection status?
### Response:
| The present experiment indicates that superinfection of different genotypes occurs during the acute as well as the persistent phase of an A. phagocytophilum infection, even in lambs protected against the challenged infection. |
### Instruction:
Is apathy a prominent neuropsychiatric feature of radiological white-matter changes in patients with dementia?
### Response:
| The findings indicate that WMCs in patients with dementia are associated with a dysexecutive-related behavioural symptom profile, vascular factors related to small and large vessel diseases and age. |
### Instruction:
Does lack of insurance negatively affect trauma mortality in US children?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that uninsured and publicly insured American children and adolescents have higher mortality after sustaining trauma while accounting for a priori confounders. Possible mechanisms for this disparity include treatment delay, receipt of fewer diagnostic tests, and decreased health literacy, among others. |
### Instruction:
Do the role of titanium implant surface modification with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in progressive early bone-implant fixation in vivo?
### Response:
| DCD-derived surface modification with HA nanoparticles on titanium and Ti-6Al-4V implants resulted in progressive osseointegration profiles that were distinctively different from those of DAE controls. Surrogate measurements such as surface roughness parameters and BIC did not predict the biologic effect of the DCD treatment. The data indicate that early osseointegration may be more sensitively regulated by nanoscale surface characteristics. |
### Instruction:
Do galanin knockout mice show disturbances in ethanol consumption and expression of hypothalamic peptides that stimulate ethanol intake?
### Response:
| These results provide strong support for a physiological role of PVN GAL in stimulating the consumption of ethanol, as well as a fat-rich diet. Ablation of the GAL gene produced a behavioral phenotype, particularly in females, which may reflect the functional relationship of galanin to ovarian steroids. It also altered the peptides in the PFLH, with their reduced expression contributing to the larger behavioral effects observed in females and their increased expression attenuating these effects in males. |
### Instruction:
Does maternal alcohol use during pregnancy cause systemic oxidation of the glutathione redox system?
### Response:
| Alcohol use during pregnancy, particularly at levels >3 drinks/occasion, caused significant oxidation of the systemic GSH system in the postpartum women. The clinical ramifications of the observed alcohol-induced oxidation of the GSH redox system on high risk pregnancies or on the exposed offspring require more accurate identification and further investigation. |
### Instruction:
Is malaria associated with poor school performance in an endemic area of the Brazilian Amazon?
### Response:
| Non-severe malaria compromises the school performance of children even during a nine-month follow-up, potentially contributing to the maintenance of underdevelopment in countries endemic for malaria. This is the first evidence of such impact in Latin America, where P. vivax is responsible for the majority of the cases. |
### Instruction:
Is pretransplantation cellular alloreactivity predictive of acute graft rejection and 1-year graft function in kidney transplant recipients?
### Response:
| The ELISPOT-determined capacity of donor-induced reactivity observed in recipient cells obtained just before transplantation is predictive of risk of graft rejection and 1-year allograft function. |
### Instruction:
Does 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D deficiency predict poorer outcome after renal transplantation?
### Response:
| 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in renal allograft recipients. Patients with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D deficiency are at greater risk of delayed graft function, and the graft is more likely to be lost. These findings suggest the necessity of adequate vitamin D supplementation both before and after transplantation. |
### Instruction:
Does targeted injury of type II alveolar epithelial cells induce pulmonary fibrosis?
### Response:
| The development of lung fibrosis in the setting of type II cell injury in our model provides evidence for a causal link between the epithelial defects seen in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and the corresponding areas of scarring. |
### Instruction:
Is beta2-Adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism associated with mortality in septic shock?
### Response:
| The AA genotype of ADRB2 rs1042717, identifying homozygotes for the CysGlyGln haplotype, was associated with increased mortality and more organ dysfunction in septic shock. |
### Instruction:
Does comprehensive gene and microRNA expression profiling reveal a role for microRNAs in human liver development?
### Response:
| Our results uncover multiple regulated miRNAs and genes throughout human liver development, and our algorithm assists in identification of novel miRNA targets with potential roles in liver development. |
### Instruction:
Is short-term administration of the CCR5 antagonist vicriviroc to patients with HIV and HCV coinfection safe and tolerable?
### Response:
| Short-term treatment with vicriviroc as part of a ritonavir-containing protease inhibitor-based regimen was safe and well tolerated in HIV/HCV-coinfected subjects. HIV/HCV coinfection also did not affect vicriviroc pharmacokinetics. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Changes in the incidence of fall in an intermediate and long-term care center ]?
### Response:
| a) the incidence of falls increased in the second period of the study; b) in period A, risk factors for falls related to rehabilitation (moving from bed to chair, use of walking aids) were more frequent. In period B, risk factors related to the characteristics of psychogeriatric patients were predominant (neurological illness, use of psychotropic drugs, and c) the difference in the incidence of falls between the two study periods may be related to the distinct characteristics of the patients (case mix). |
### Instruction:
Do surgeons and their patients disagree regarding cosmetic and overall outcomes after surgery for high-energy lower extremity trauma?
### Response:
| Surgeons' perceptions of patients' cosmetic and overall outcomes differed significantly from those of patients. Agreement was significantly worse for certain subgroups of patients. Further study of this discordance might improve our understanding of patient dissatisfaction and allow development of a more patient-centered care process. |
### Instruction:
Does predictability of painful stimulation modulate subjective and physiological responses?
### Response:
| Patients undergoing painful procedures experience more distress when the occurrence of a painful event is unpredictable. Poor predictability increases pain, fear, and associated physiological arousal. Maximizing the predictability of painful events may improve the quality of patient care by minimizing associated levels of pain and fear. |
### Instruction:
Is elevated PAI-1 associated with poor clinical outcomes in pediatric patients with acute lung injury?
### Response:
| Higher PAI-1 levels are associated with increased mortality and fewer ventilator-free days among pediatric patients with ALI. These findings suggest that impaired fibrinolysis may play a role in the pathogenesis of ALI in pediatric patients and suggest that PAI-1 may serve as a useful biomarker of prognosis in patients with ALI. |
### Instruction:
Is measurement of gait speed of older adults feasible and informative in a home-care setting?
### Response:
| Measurement of the gait speed of older adults is feasible in a home care setting. Its sensitivity to limitations not revealed by other measures provides support for broader use. |
### Instruction:
Does cardiac function index provided by transpulmonary thermodilution behave as an indicator of left ventricular systolic function?
### Response:
| Cardiac function index fulfilled the criteria required from a clinical indicator of left ventricular global systolic function. Thus, it could serve as an easy bedside detection of the alteration in left ventricular ejection fraction that should alert the physician and incite to perform an echocardiography. Furthermore, cardiac function index tracked accurately the effects of an inotropic therapy. |
### Instruction:
Do diffusion-weighted imaging findings differ between stroke attributable to spontaneous cervical artery dissection and patent foramen ovale?
### Response:
| Diffusion-weighted imaging characteristics differ between PFO and dissection, suggesting differences in the pathogenesis of brain infarction between these aetiologies. A single non-territorial infarct seems to favour PFO as stroke aetiology. Whether this or other features are distinctive enough to diagnose PFO or dissection in individual patients requires further testing. |
### Instruction:
Is aggressive lipid-lowering more effective than moderate lipid-lowering treatment in carotid plaque stabilization?
### Response:
| Among patients with moderate carotid stenosis, an aggressive atorvastatin regimen enhanced carotid plaque echogenicity and reduced serum OPN and OPG levels to a greater extent than respective moderate atorvastatin therapy. Most importantly, those atorvastatin-induced effects were associated with OPN and OPG suppression in a dose-dependent manner. |
### Instruction:
Does prevalence and correlate of high body mass index in rural Appalachian children aged 6-11 years?
### Response:
| Consistent with expectations, prevalence of high BMI in this sample of rural Appalachian children exceeds national averages. Prevalence of overweight varied by age and sex; boys are particularly vulnerable to developing obesity, especially as they age. Preliminary survey data suggest that eating breakfast at home and at school and increased hours of television viewing may be associated with higher BMI, especially in younger boys. |
### Instruction:
Are serum markers of bone turnover increased at six and 18 months after Roux-en-Y bariatric surgery : correlation with the reduction in leptin?
### Response:
| Weight loss after bariatric surgery is associated with long-term increase in serum markers of bone turnover. The increase in NTX is related to the decrease in leptin, which may signal caloric restriction to the skeleton. |
### Instruction:
Does fractalkine have anti-apoptotic and proliferative effects on human vascular smooth muscle cells via epidermal growth factor receptor signalling?
### Response:
| We have demonstrated two novel and important functions of CX3CL1 on primary human SMCs: anti-apoptosis and proliferation, both mediated via epiregulin-induced EGFR signalling. Our data have important implications in vascular pathologies including atherosclerosis, restenosis, and transplant accelerated arteriosclerosis, where the balance of SMC proliferation and apoptosis critically determines both plaque stability and vessel stenosis. |
### Instruction:
Is sLP-2 overexpression associated with tumour distant metastasis and poor prognosis in pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma?
### Response:
| SLP-2 overexpression is associated with tumour distant metastasis and poor prognosis in PSCC. SLP-2 could be regarded as a new significant prognostic biomarker for patients with PSCC. |
### Instruction:
Do a bio-medical informatics perspective on human factors understanding human factors influence in HIT-enabled institutions?
### Response:
| Convincing the clinicians of the HIT potential gains is still a challenge. But the HIT community will also have to give birth to interdisciplinary research and clear methods to optimize implementations and subsequent achievement of managerial objectives. The best paper selection of articles on human factors shows examples of excellent research on methods concerning original options to once again assess the importance of HIT and take into account the healthcare personnel psychology when confronted to the adoption of new tools and processes. |
### Instruction:
Does shorter difference between myocardium and blood optimal inversion time suggest diffuse fibrosis in dilated cardiomyopathy?
### Response:
| DCM patients have reduced blood-myocardium DeltaTI and DeltaT(1), and lower CNR as compared to controls, suggesting the presence of diffuse fibrosis. This may impact the interpretation of LGE data. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Small interfering RNA-mediated islet neogenesis associated protein gene silencing inhibit the proliferation of INS-1 islet cells ]?
### Response:
| siRNA targeting INGAP can effectively down-regulate INGAP expression and inhibit the proliferation of INS-1 cells. |
### Instruction:
Are growth hormone and ghrelin secretion associated with clinical severity in Huntington 's disease?
### Response:
| These findings suggest changes in the regulation of GH and ghrelin secretion dynamics in early stage HD patients that could become more prominent in the later stages of the disease. |
### Instruction:
Does new approach for quantitating the inhibition of HIV-1 replication by antiviral drugs in vitro and in vivo?
### Response:
| Among in-vitro measures of antiviral activity, single-round infection assays have the advantage of measuring instantaneous inhibition by a drug. Re-evaluating the antiviral activity of approved HIV-1 drugs has shown that the slope parameter is an important factor in drug activity. Determining the instantaneous inhibitory potential by using a single-round infectivity assay may provide important insights that can predict the in-vivo efficacy of anti-HIV-1 drugs. |
### Instruction:
Does internal sphincterotomy reduce postoperative pain after Milligan Morgan haemorrhoidectomy?
### Response:
| internal sphincterotomy: reduces significantly pain only in the first postoperative period, but not in the medium-long term follow up; does not increase the incidence of continence impairment when performed; does not influence the incidence of the other postoperative complications especially as regard medium and long term results. |
### Instruction:
Does long-term online hemodiafiltration reduce the frequency and severity of acquired cystic kidney disease in hemodialysis patients?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that long-term online HDF does not reduce the frequency and severity of ACKD in dialysis patients. Duration of renal replacement therapy is the most important risk factor for ACKD. Factors that cannot be corrected by use of HDF may contribute to the formation of renal cysts. |
### Instruction:
Does transcriptome analysis of differentiating trypanosomes reveal the existence of multiple post-transcriptional regulons?
### Response:
| Trypanosome genes form post-transcriptional regulons in which mRNAs with functions in particular pathways, or encoding components of protein complexes, show almost identical patterns of regulation. |
### Instruction:
Do tRPV6 alleles influence prostate cancer progression?
### Response:
| Our results show that the frequencies of trpv6 alleles in healthy control individuals and prostate cancer patients are not significantly different. Although expression of trpv6 transcripts correlates with aggressive potential of prostate cancer, the TRPV6 genotype does not correlate with the onset of prostate cancer, with the Gleason score and the tumour stage. |
### Instruction:
Does lateral episiotomy protect primiparous but not multiparous women from obstetric anal sphincter rupture?
### Response:
| The results support the restrictive use of episiotomy, since 909 episiotomies appear to be needed to prevent one OASR among primiparous women. Equivalent estimate in vacuum assisted deliveries among primiparous women was 66, favoring routine use of episiotomy in such cases. |
### Instruction:
Does indirect lifestyle intervention through wives improve metabolic syndrome components in men?
### Response:
| Indirect LSI in abdominally obese men whose wives were undergoing LSI led to loss of weight and a decreased incidence of MetS, suggesting that indirect LSI may be an effective program for eliciting beneficial change in health status. |
### Instruction:
Do chronic exposures to cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides adversely affect respiratory health of agricultural workers in India?
### Response:
| Long-term exposure to cholinesterase-inhibiting agricultural pesticides currently in use in India is associated with a reduction in lung function, COPD and a rise in respiratory symptoms. |
### Instruction:
Do interferon-gamma release assay test characteristics depend upon the prevalence of active tuberculosis?
### Response:
| As a result of the markedly dissimilar health statuses associated with a negative LTBI test, IGRA specificity for LTBI and sensitivity to active TB depend upon TB and LTBI prevalence. A trade-off exists between the specificity of IGRAs to LTBI and sensitivity to active TB. Field studies of IGRAs will require standardized collection of symptoms of active TB to distinguish LTBI suspects from TB suspects. Different cut-off points for IGRA use in TB suspects and LTBI suspects will likely be needed. |
### Instruction:
Does quantitative differences in sputum smear microscopy result for acid-fast bacilli by age and sex in four countries?
### Response:
| Differences in the frequency of low-grade positivity between the four countries were striking. Females tended to have lower bacillary counts, and low-grade positivity was more frequent at the extremes of age. These results reinforce the need for appropriate instructions on how to produce high-quality sputum to improve yield. |
### Instruction:
Does propofol inhibit aquaporin 4 expression through a protein kinase C-dependent pathway in an astrocyte model of cerebral ischemia/reoxygenation?
### Response:
| Propofol, administered during OGD, provided neuroprotective effects and down-regulated AQP4 expression in the OGD/reoxygenation model of cultured rat astrocytes. Activation of the PKC pathway may block the effects of propofol. |
### Instruction:
Are isoflurane-induced changes in righting response and breathing modulated by RGS proteins?
### Response:
| Modulation of G(alpha)(i2) signaling by RGS proteins alters loss and resumption of wakefulness and state-dependent changes in breathing. |
### Instruction:
Do volatile anesthetics attenuate oxidative stress-reduced activity of glutamate transporter type 3?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that volatile anesthetics preserve EAAT3 function to transport L-glutamate and L-cysteine under oxidative stress, which may be a mechanism for the neuroprotective effects of volatile anesthetics. |
### Instruction:
Is clostridium difficile associated with poor outcomes in patients with cirrhosis : A national and tertiary center perspective?
### Response:
| Cirrhotics with CDAD have a higher mortality, LOS, and charges on the NIS 2005 compared with those without CDAD. Antibiotic and PPI use are risk factors for CDAD development in hospitalized cirrhotics. |
### Instruction:
Does calpain inhibitor SNJ-1945 attenuate events prior to angiogenesis in cultured human retinal endothelial cells?
### Response:
| Inhibition of angiogenesis by specific calpain inhibitor in the presence of VEGF supported our hypothesis that calpains may be involved in VEGF-mediated angiogenesis in retinal endothelial cells. Therefore, manipulating calpain activity by calpain inhibitor SNJ-1945 might provide a promising therapy for management of pathological angiogenesis, such as that occurring in proliferative retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration with neovascularization. |
### Instruction:
Does ethanol preconditioning reduce hepatic I/R injury by inhibiting the complement system activation?
### Response:
| Ethanol preconditioning reduces hepatic I/R injury, and the effect is associated with inhibition of complement activation. |
### Instruction:
Is cDK10 a target for aberrant DNA methylation in breast cancer?
### Response:
| CDK10 is not a target for aberrant DNA methylation in breast cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does iloprost prevent contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with renal dysfunction undergoing coronary angiography or intervention?
### Response:
| Prophylactic administration of iloprost may protect against contrast-induced nephropathy in high-risk patients undergoing a coronary procedure. |
### Instruction:
Does cOX-2 inhibition attenuate cough reflex sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin in patients with asthma?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that COX-2 may be a possible modulator augmenting airway cough reflex sensitivity in asthmatic airways. |
### Instruction:
Is the A-444C polymorphism in the leukotriene C4 synthase gene associated with aspirin-induced urticaria?
### Response:
| The C allele of the A-444C polymorphism is a risk factor for AIU in our population and could be a genetic marker for this phenotype. Furthermore, this single-nucleotide polymorphism is mainly associated with the cutaneous clinical pattern and with low skin response to histamine. |
### Instruction:
Is hypothalamic FTO associated with the regulation of energy intake not feeding reward?
### Response:
| We conclude that FTO mRNA is present mainly in sites related to hunger/satiation control; changes in hypothalamic FTO expression are associated with cues related to energy intake rather than feeding reward. In line with that, neurons involved in feeding termination express FTO. Interestingly, baseline FTO expression appears linked not only with energy intake but also energy metabolism. |
### Instruction:
Is short disease-free interval a significant risk factor for intrapulmonary recurrence after resection of pulmonary metastases in colorectal cancer?
### Response:
| A short DFI was a risk factor for early tumour recurrence after resection for pulmonary metastases. The DFI might reflect oncological characteristics such as the tumour doubling time in colorectal cancer. |
### Instruction:
Do cSF biomarkers predict rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease?
### Response:
| At the time of diagnosis, a combination of high CSF tau without proportionally elevated p-tau-181 is associated with a faster rate of cognitive decline. |
### Instruction:
Is diabetes associated with a slower rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease?
### Response:
| In a cohort of community-dwelling patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) was associated with a lower rate of cognitive decline. Future studies will need to address the potential impact of DM in the cerebral aging process and to assess the neuropathologic variations in patients with AD with DM. |
### Instruction:
Are both nongenomic and genomic effects involved in estradiol 's enhancing the phenotype of smooth muscle cells in cultured prostate stromal cells?
### Response:
| Estrogen could promote the expression of TGF-beta1 in PRSCs through nongenomic activation of MAPK pathway, and in turn enhance the SMC phenotype. Besides for this nongenomic effect, estrogen can also enhance the SMC phenotype through classical genomic action. |
### Instruction:
Is coexpression of CD44 variant isoforms and receptor for hyaluronic acid-mediated motility ( RHAMM , CD168 ) an International Prognostic Index and C-MYC gene status-independent predictor of poor outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas?
### Response:
| Evaluation of CD44v-RHAMM coexpression may improve the accuracy of DLBCL prognosis and identify a subgroup of patients who will benefit from therapeutic alternatives to cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone. |
### Instruction:
Does association of serum TSH with high body mass differ between smokers and never-smokers?
### Response:
| The association of low thyroid function with high body mass was as least as strong in current smokers as in never-smokers, and our results clearly show that the association is not limited to nonsmokers, as previously suggested. |
### Instruction:
Is serum insulin-like growth factor-I concentration associated with leukocyte telomere length in a population-based cohort of elderly men?
### Response:
| In this large population-based, cross-sectional study, leukocyte telomere length was positively associated with serum IGF-I concentration in elderly men. The mechanisms underlying the association between serum IGF-I concentration and leukocyte telomere length remain to be determined. |
### Instruction:
Do effects of implant design and surface roughness on crestal bone and soft tissue levels in the esthetic zone?
### Response:
| Implants with straight collars had less bone loss at the 5-year interval than implants with stepped collars. Bone level changes were greater when the implant was placed further subcrestal. The digitally converted radiographic method was significantly more precise for evaluating changes in bone levels. These findings suggest that implant geometry and implant surface roughness may play a significant role in bone level changes in the esthetic zone. |
### Instruction:
Does streptococcus suis enolase function as a protective antigen displayed on the bacterial cell surface?
### Response:
| We conclude that S. suis enolase functions as a protective antigen displayed on the bacterial cell surface and that it can be used to develop new strategies to combat SS2 infections. |
### Instruction:
Is anti-proliferative action of vitamin D in MCF7 still active after siRNA-VDR knock-down?
### Response:
| In conclusion, siRNA and genome wide studies both suggest that the anti-proliferative effects of 1,25D in MCF7 breast tumor cell lines do not rely on classical Vitamin D pathway per se. |
### Instruction:
Does lactobacillus casei modulate the inflammation-coagulation interaction in a pneumococcal pneumonia experimental model?
### Response:
| L. casei proved effective to regulate coagulation activation and fibrinolysis inhibition during infection, leading to a decrease in fibrin deposits in lung. This protective effect of L. casei would be mediated by the induction of higher levels of IL-4 and IL-10 which could regulate the anti-inflammatory, procoagulant and antifibrinolytic effects of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6. |
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