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### Instruction:
Do ultrafine carbon particles down-regulate CYP1B1 expression in human monocytes?
### Response:
| These data suggest that the P90-induced reduction of CYP gene expression may interfere with the activation and/or detoxification capabilities of inhaled toxic compounds. |
### Instruction:
Is ophthalmomyiasis only a problem for rural regions of Eastern Anatolia of Turkey?
### Response:
| The authors consider ophthalmomyiasis to be not only a problem of rural areas and subsequent examination is very important to ensure that no complications have occurred. It is hoped that this case encourages physicians to be aware of the diagnosis of ophthalmomyiasis externa and its complication and treatment. |
### Instruction:
Do successful treatment of a critical burn patient with obstinate hyperglycemia and septic shock from pan-drug-resistant strains?
### Response:
| The critical burn patient developed a series of severe complications during the course of treatment. Correct management of these complications is crucial to success in the treatment of such patients. |
### Instruction:
Do internal rotation deficits affect scapular positioning in baseball players?
### Response:
| Baseball players with more GIRD have alterations to the position and motion of their scapula. A dual goal of minimizing GIRD and strengthening the scapular stabilizers may be warranted in this population. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Smad7 inhibit collagen expression in human hepatic satellite cells in vitro ]?
### Response:
| Smad7 over-expression inhibits Smad2/3 phosphorylation, and decreases the expression of collagen I and alpha-SMA in HSC-T6 cells induced by TGF-beta1 to inhibit the progression of liver fibrosis. |
### Instruction:
Is gamma-delta T cell essential for allergen-induced late asthmatic response in a murine model of asthma?
### Response:
| gamma-delta T cells enhance LAR and airway inflammation but not EAR in this model of asthma. |
### Instruction:
Is c3d immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed tissue a valuable tool in the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid of the skin?
### Response:
| C3d immunohistochemistry is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of BP and PG of the skin with a sensitivity of at least 97%. Mixed forms of linear IgA dermatosis, and BP, DHD and linear IgA dermatosis can only be identified by DIF. A positive result may prompt serologic confirmation of BP without further need for DIF. |
### Instruction:
Does family functioning at meals relate to adherence in young children with type 1 diabetes?
### Response:
| This was the first study to examine the relationship between mealtime family functioning and children's dietary adherence and glycaemic control in families of young children with T1DM. Previous research has found mealtime family functioning to be impaired in families of young children with T1DM when compared with families of children without diabetes. Research is needed to determine if family functioning and dietary adherence can be improved via specific family-based behavioural training around mealtimes. |
### Instruction:
Does early activation of FGF and nodal pathways mediate cardiac specification independently of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling?
### Response:
| We have described an assay for investigating the mechanisms of cardiac induction by anterior endoderm. The assay was used to provide evidence for a direct, early and transient requirement of FGF and Nodal pathways. In addition, we demonstrate that Wnt/beta-catenin pathway plays no direct role in vertebrate cardiac specification, but needs to be suppressed just prior to differentiation. |
### Instruction:
Is n-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the general population?
### Response:
| In this large community-based cohort, plasma NT-proBNP was a strong predictor of death and a wide range of CV events. |
### Instruction:
Does low cardiac output predict development of hepatorenal syndrome and survival in patients with cirrhosis and ascites?
### Response:
| The development of renal failure and poor outcome in patients with advanced cirrhosis and ascites seem to be related to a cardiac systolic dysfunction. Other parameters may be more important than MELD score to predict prognosis. |
### Instruction:
Does the heat shock protein inhibitor Quercetin attenuate hepatitis C virus production?
### Response:
| Quercetin may allow for dissection of the viral life cycle and has potential therapeutic use to reduce virus production with low associated toxicity. |
### Instruction:
Do reasons for urban trail use predict levels of trail-related physical activity?
### Response:
| To increase the use of urban trails, it may be useful to promote the health and exercise benefits of recreational trail use. |
### Instruction:
Does systemic inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta in glioma-bearing mice improve the therapeutic efficacy of glioma-associated antigen peptide vaccines?
### Response:
| These data suggest that systemic inhibition of TGF-beta by 1D11 can reverse the suppressive immunologic environment of orthotopic tumor-bearing mice both systemically and locally, thereby enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of GAA vaccines. |
### Instruction:
Does genomic and expression profiling of glioblastoma stem cell-like spheroid cultures identify novel tumor-relevant genes associated with survival?
### Response:
| We identified a set of novel candidate genes that likely play a role in glioblastoma pathogenesis and implicate AJAP1, EMP3, and PDPN as molecular markers associated with the clinical outcome of glioma patients. |
### Instruction:
Does oral L-citrulline supplementation attenuate blood pressure response to cold pressor test in young men?
### Response:
| We conclude that oral L-citrulline supplementation attenuates the brachial SBP, aortic SBP, and aortic PP responses to CPT in young normotensive men. Increased wave reflection time contributes to the reduction in aortic SBP response to CPT. |
### Instruction:
Does primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in patients with clinical stage be testis cancer?
### Response:
| Patients with clinical stage IS are at significant risk for metastatic disease and can be successfully treated with primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, thereby sparing chemotherapy in most of them. Retroperitoneal recurrence is essentially eliminated when retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is performed in this select patient group. |
### Instruction:
Does pentoxifylline augment fasting-induced nephroprotection in acute ischemic kidney injury in rats?
### Response:
| Fasting and treatment with PTX during the preischemic period exerts additive nephroprotective effects in the setting of acute ischemic kidney injury. This finding may be useful in future practices of preservation and kidney transplantation. |
### Instruction:
Is bcl-2 expression altered with ovarian tumor progression : an immunohistochemical evaluation?
### Response:
| The data suggest alterations in Bcl-2 expression and lymphocyte infiltration correlate with epithelial ovarian cancer progression. Consequently, Bcl-2 expression and lymphocyte status may be important for prognostic outcome or useful targets for therapeutic intervention. |
### Instruction:
Is the endo-siRNA pathway essential for robust development of the Drosophila embryo?
### Response:
| Results presented herein uncover a novel function of the endo-siRNA pathway in temperature compensation and cell cycle regulation, and we hypothesize that the endo-siRNA pathway may regulate the degradation of maternal cell cycle regulators. Endo-siRNAs may have a more general role buffering against environmental perturbations in other organisms. |
### Instruction:
Does p53 Amino-terminus region ( 1-125 ) stabilize and restores heat denatured p53 wild phenotype?
### Response:
| Here, we showed that a novel chaperone-like activity resides in p53-N-ter region. This study might have significance in understanding the role of p53-NTD in p53 stabilization, conformational activation and apoptosis under heat-stress conditions. |
### Instruction:
Is the longest wheal diameter the optimal measurement for the evaluation of skin prick tests?
### Response:
| The longest wheal diameter alone seems to be a better surrogate marker of the wheal surface in comparison with the mean diameter. In addition, it is easier and faster to measure. Therefore, we propose this as the optimal methodology to evaluate SPTs. |
### Instruction:
Is diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome associated with diverticular disease : a population-based study?
### Response:
| There is a significantly increased odds for colonic diverticulosis in subjects with IBS (relative to those without IBS). These results suggest that IBS and colonic diverticular disease may be connected. |
### Instruction:
Is pML nuclear body component Sp140 a novel autoantigen in primary biliary cirrhosis?
### Response:
| Our study identifies Sp140 as a new, highly specific autoantigen in PBC for the first time. The very frequent coexistence of anti-Sp140, anti-Sp100 and anti-PML antibodies suggests that the NB is a multiantigenic complex in PBC and enhances the diagnostic significance of these reactivities, which are particularly useful in AMA-negative cases. |
### Instruction:
Do mG-63 osteoblast-like cells enhance the osteoprotegerin expression of PC-3 prostate cancer cells?
### Response:
| The enhancement of the OPG expression in PC-3 cells by MG-63 cells is not mediated by IGF-1, IL-6 and TGFbeta1. |
### Instruction:
Is expression of L1 cell adhesion molecule a significant prognostic factor in pT3-stage gastric cancer?
### Response:
| L1 was associated with poor outcome in gastric carcinoma. However, its association with the formation of peritoneal metastases or the presence of free cancer cells in the abdominal cavity was not observed. Further study to identify the role of L1 in gastric cancer progression and metastasis is warranted. |
### Instruction:
Does malnutrition associated with increased risk of frail mechanical fall among older people presenting to an emergency department?
### Response:
| Older people presenting to ED should be nutritionally screened. Malnutrition prevalence of 15% was documented and was associated with an increased risk of frail mechanical falls and hospital admission. The Malnutrition Screening Tool was a simple and practical screen for ED. |
### Instruction:
Does inherent promoter bidirectionality facilitate maintenance of sequence integrity and transcription of parasitic DNA in mammalian genomes?
### Response:
| These data strongly suggest that the selective force that shields endogenous CpG-containing promoter from epigenetic silencing can extend to exogenous foreign DNA elements inserted in close proximity in the antisense orientation, with resulting transcription and maintenance of sequence integrity of such elements in the host genome. Over time, this may result in "domestication" of such elements to provide novel cellular and developmental functions. |
### Instruction:
Do variants of the genes encoding AQP4 and Kir4.1 are associated with subgroups of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy?
### Response:
| Variations in the AQP4 and the KCNJ10/KCNJ9 region are likely to be associated with TLE, particularly TLE-FS, supporting the suggestion that perturbations of water and K(+) transport are involved in the etiopathogenesis of TLE. |
### Instruction:
Do barriers to hospice use and palliative care services use by African American adults?
### Response:
| Despite evidence of a willingness to use hospice, African Americans were unlikely to complete advanced directives or share final care wishes. However, many were more likely to use hospice if the care team were diverse suggesting the importance of culture. |
### Instruction:
Are proteins from the Wnt pathway involved in the pathogenesis and progression of mammary phyllodes tumours?
### Response:
| Results suggest that alterations in the Wnt pathway are important in the progression and in the epithelial and stromal interactions in PTs. They have important implications for understanding the pathogenesis of these uncommon but clinically important tumours. |
### Instruction:
Is disease progression from chronic hepatitis C to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma associated with repression of interferon regulatory factor-1?
### Response:
| Alterations in IRFs expression might be considered as markers associated with a higher risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic HCV infection. Expression of IRF-1 and IRF-3 were more prevalent in patients with chronic HCV and cirrhosis, respectively, in comparison with HCC patients. Thus, IRF-1 could be nominated as one of the tumor suppressor factors and could aid in the early detection of HCC. |
### Instruction:
Does serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism affect the severity of binge eating in general population?
### Response:
| While the 5-HTTLPR genotype does not predict symptoms of eating disorder in general population, the s-allele, and especially the s/s genotype increases the risk for affective instability and symptom severity. |
### Instruction:
Does blocking variant surface glycoprotein synthesis in Trypanosoma brucei trigger a general arrest in translation initiation?
### Response:
| The cell-cycle arrest phenotype triggered by the induction of VSG221 RNAi is not caused by siRNA toxicity, as this arrest can be alleviated if a second different VSG is inserted downstream of the active VSG221 expression site promoter. Analysis of polysomes in the stalled cells showed that the translation arrest is mediated at the level of translation initiation rather than elongation. The cell-cycle arrest induced in the presence of a VSG synthesis block is reversible, suggesting that VSG synthesis and/or trafficking to the cell surface could be monitored during the cell-cycle as part of a specific cell-cycle checkpoint. |
### Instruction:
Is bipolar scissors circumcision a safe , fast , and bloodless procedure in children?
### Response:
| Bipolar scissors circumcision approach is an effective and safe procedure alternative to the standard scalpel technique in pediatric circumcision with no significant morbidity. |
### Instruction:
Do bilateral and unilateral cochlear implant users compared on speech perception in noise?
### Response:
| The CICI group showed significantly better performance on speech perception in noise compared with the CI-only subjects, supporting the hypothesis that CICI is more beneficial than CI only. |
### Instruction:
Does use of a type I/III bilayer collagen membrane decrease reoperation rates for symptomatic hypertrophy after autologous chondrocyte implantation?
### Response:
| The use of a collagen membrane for autologous chondrocyte implantation decreased the reoperation rate for hypertrophy after autologous chondrocyte implantation from 25.7% to 5% (P < .0001). Overall 1-year failure rates were comparable between the groups (P = .2). Even though the use of a collagen membrane for autologous chondrocyte implantation constitutes an off-label indication, its application appears justified by the lower morbidity to patients and decreased cost to the health care system. A detailed discussion with the patient is required regarding the use of an off-label device. |
### Instruction:
Do gut microbes define liver cancer risk in mice exposed to chemical and viral transgenic hepatocarcinogens?
### Response:
| Enteric microbiota define HCC risk in mice exposed to carcinogenic chemicals or hepatitis virus transgenes. These results have implications for human liver cancer risk assessment and prevention. |
### Instruction:
Do sNAI transcription factors mediate epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung fibrosis?
### Response:
| The results demonstrate that TGFbeta1-induced EMT in ATII cells is essentially controlled by the expression and nuclear translocation of SNAI transcription factors. Increased SNAI1 and SNAI2 expression in experimental and human IPF in vivo suggests that SNAI-mediated EMT may contribute to the fibroblast pool in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. |
### Instruction:
Does fibroblast growth factor-2 regulate the cell function of human dental pulp cells?
### Response:
| These results provide new evidence for the possible involvement of FGF-2 not only in homeostasis but also in regeneration of dentin-pulp complex. |
### Instruction:
Does calcium phosphate cement improve bone density when used in osteoporotic sternums?
### Response:
| In each patient, cement was replaced by new bone, and there is evidence that more bone is present as a result of cement use. |
### Instruction:
Does a decline in walking distance predict long-term outcome in patients with known or suspected peripheral artery disease?
### Response:
| A decline in total walking distance in single-stage treadmill exercise tests is a strong prognostic predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiac death in the short term and long term. |
### Instruction:
Does immediate microsurgical reconstruction after tumor ablation predict survival among patients with head and neck carcinoma?
### Response:
| Reconstruction of defects, especially in patients presenting with higher tumor stages, is not associated with shorter overall survival rates, as revealed in this study, and should be considered when functional deficits due to tumor ablation can be expected postoperatively. |
### Instruction:
Is sildenafil citrate and tamsulosin combination superior to monotherapy in treating lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction?
### Response:
| Treatment with the combination of tamsulosin only and sildenafil citrate only was not superior to tamsulosin only to enhance voiding symptoms. Also, sexual function improvement was similar for both the combination and sildenafil citrate only treatments. |
### Instruction:
Is fgf10 gene expression delayed in the embryonic lung mesenchyme in the adriamycin mouse model?
### Response:
| Delayed Fgf10 gene expression during the critical period of separation of the trachea and esophagus may affect lung bud formation in the adriamycin model leading to tracheoesophageal malformations. |
### Instruction:
Do knee extension strength and adiposity explain some of older adults ' self-reported difficulty with mobility?
### Response:
| Adiposity and strength have relevance to the self-reported mobility difficulty of older adults. However, they leave most of such difficulty unexplained. |
### Instruction:
Is fOXE1 a target for aberrant methylation in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma?
### Response:
| These results indicate that FOXE1 is a crucial player in development of cutaneous SCC. |
### Instruction:
Is high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in first-degree male relatives of women with polycystic ovary syndrome related to high rates of obesity?
### Response:
| Male relatives of women with PCOS had increased prevalence rates of MetS and obesity compared to the general U.S. male population from NHANES III. In contrast to women with PCOS and their female relatives, the higher prevalence of MetS in male relatives was accounted for by elevated BMI. These findings suggest that the high rates of MetS in male relatives of women with PCOS are related to higher rates of obesity than the general population. |
### Instruction:
Are rAS mutations the predominant molecular alteration in poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas and bear prognostic impact?
### Response:
| The present study demonstrates that strictly classified poorly differentiated carcinomas are genetically homogeneous, RAS mutations being the almost exclusive genetic event. Moreover, the detection of RAS mutations might be clinically relevant for the prognostic stratification of these tumors. |
### Instruction:
Is wolcott-Rallison syndrome the most common genetic cause of permanent neonatal diabetes in consanguineous families?
### Response:
| WRS is the most common cause of permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus in consanguineous pedigrees. In addition to testing patients with a definite clinical diagnosis, EIF2AK3 should be tested in patients with isolated neonatal diabetes diagnosed after 3 wk of age from known consanguineous families, isolated populations, or countries in which inbreeding is frequent. |
### Instruction:
Is reduced growth hormone secretion associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness in obesity?
### Response:
| These results suggest that reduced GH secretion is associated with a more abnormal metabolic phenotype in obesity, characterized by increased cIMT, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Does orthodontic treatment of malocclusion improve impaired skillfulness of masticatory jaw movements?
### Response:
| As measured by kinematic parameters such as normalized jerk-costs, velocity profile, and variance of movement trajectories near the endpoint of movement, dental malocclusions were associated with significantly lower skillfulness of masticatory jaw motion, whereas good occlusion and orthodontically improved occlusion (either with or without premolar extraction) were both associated with more skillful motion. |
### Instruction:
Do the C. elegans dosage compensation complex propagates dynamically and independently of X chromosome sequence?
### Response:
| A highly conserved chromatin complex is appropriated to accomplish domain-scale transcriptional regulation during C. elegans development. Unlike X recognition, which is specified partly by DNA sequence, spreading is sequence independent and coupled to transcriptional activity. Similarities to the X recognition and spreading strategies used by the Drosophila DCC suggest mechanisms fundamental to chromosome-scale gene regulation. |
### Instruction:
Do gABA and valproate modulate trigeminovascular nociceptive transmission in the thalamus?
### Response:
| These results indicate that GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors on thalamic neurons can modulate trigeminovascular nociceptive transmission in the VPM nucleus. Sodium valproate can inhibit trigeminovascular nociception at the level of VPM through GABA(A) receptor mechanisms, whereas gabapentin does not alter trigeminovascular nociception. |
### Instruction:
Is photosynthetic acclimation important for post-submergence recovery of photosynthesis and growth in two riparian species?
### Response:
| After sudden de-submergence the C(3) plant A. philoxeroides and the C(4) plant H. altissima were both able to maintain the functionality of the photosynthetic apparatus through rapid acclimation to changing O(2) and light conditions. The ability for photosynthetic acclimation may be essential for adaptation to wetland habitats in which water levels fluctuate. |
### Instruction:
Does [ VIR576 inhibit antigen-specific T cell activation by binding to the transmembrane domain of T cell receptor ]?
### Response:
| VIR576 is effective in suppressing the antigen-specific T cell activation via TCR and can interact with TCR-TMD. VIR576 may serve as a potent microbicide candidate to block sexual transmission of HIV due to of its inhibitory effect on both HIV entry and antigen-specific T cell activation. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Reactive oxygen species scavenger protect cardiac cells against injuries induced by chemical hypoxia ]?
### Response:
| NAC offers obvious protective effect on H9c2 cardiomyocytes against injuries induced by chemical hypoxia by decreasing in the ratio of GSSG/(GSSG+GSH) and ROS level and ameliorating MMP. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Follicular cell implantation for induce hair follicle growth in nude mice ]?
### Response:
| Follicular cell implantation can induce hair follicle-like structures in nude mice, which provides a means for efficient hair regeneration for treatment of hair loss. |
### Instruction:
Is serum 25 ( OH ) D3 vitamin status of elderly Finnish women suboptimal even after summer sunshine but is not associated with bone density or turnover?
### Response:
| Vitamin D status of elderly Finnish women is suboptimal if 25(OH)D(3) levels of 50 or 75 nmol/l are used as a threshold. It is moderately increased by supplement intake and summer sunshine. However, 25(OH)D(3) concentrations did not influence bone density in terms of serum PINP and bone turnover rate. |
### Instruction:
Is lipoprotein ( a ) associated with basal insulin levels in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
### Response:
| Lp(a) levels correlate inversely with insulin levels in Type 2 diabetic patients. Lp(a) may be one of the cardiovascular risk factor in type 2 diabetic patients with longer duration of DM. |
### Instruction:
Is microsatellite instability a common finding in multiple myeloma?
### Response:
| Although our case number is small, probably the genomic instability in heavy-chain MM may be a common finding and probably plays a critical role in the MM pathogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Is kyphoplasty for patients with multiple myeloma a safe surgical procedure : results from a large patient cohort?
### Response:
| By careful interdisciplinary indication setting and a standardized treatment model, kyphoplasty presents a very safe and effective procedure for the treatment of vertebral osteolyses and fractures caused by MM. |
### Instruction:
Does cariporide given during resuscitation promote return of electrically stable and mechanically competent cardiac activity?
### Response:
| Cariporide administered at the start of chest compression may help restore electrically and mechanically stable circulation after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. |
### Instruction:
Does lipidome of narrow-band ultraviolet B irradiated keratinocytes show apoptotic hallmarks?
### Response:
| NB-UVB affected the cellular lipidome of keratinocytes in strictly apoptosis-specific manner. |
### Instruction:
Does robotically assisted ablation produce more rapid and greater signal attenuation than manual ablation?
### Response:
| Robotically assisted ablation appears to be more effective than manual ablation at signal amplitude reduction, therefore may be expected to produce improved clinical outcomes. |
### Instruction:
Does gain in brain immunity in the oldest-old differentiate cognitively normal from demented individuals?
### Response:
| These results suggest that disruption of the robust immune homeostasis that is characteristic of oldest-old individuals who avoided dementia may be directly associated with dementia in the oldest-old and contrast with the synaptic and neurotransmitter system failures that typify dementia in younger old persons. |
### Instruction:
Are mice lacking the glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit susceptible to myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury?
### Response:
| GCLM(-/-) mice were susceptible to myocardial I/R injury partly through an increased vulnerability of mitochondria to oxidative damage owing to mitochondrial GSH reduction. |
### Instruction:
Does exogenous soluble VEGF receptor-1 ( sFlt-1 ) regulate Th1/Th2 cytokine production from normal placental explants via intracellular calcium?
### Response:
| Exogenous sFlt-1 can increase TNF-alpha and IL-10 production from normal placental explants. The change in Th1/Th2 cytokine level may be mediated by intracellular free calcium. |
### Instruction:
Do cutaneous microcirculatory assessment of the burn wound is associated with depth of injury and predicts healing time?
### Response:
| LDF can provide immediate results for early determination of burn wound depth and is useful in selecting patients for conservative treatment of their burn wounds. |
### Instruction:
Do long chain saturated fatty acids increase haptoglobin gene expression in C57BL/6J mice adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 cells?
### Response:
| The type of lipids in the diet can differently modulate the white adipose tissue gene expression of haptoglobin, and saturated fatty acids play a major role in promoting a pro-inflammatory environment. This response is fat pad specific and dependant on the duration of treatment. |
### Instruction:
Is tetrapisispora phaffii killer toxin a highly specific beta-glucanase that disrupts the integrity of the yeast cell wall?
### Response:
| Collectively, these data indicate that the mode of action of Kpkt is directed towards the disruption of cell-wall integrity, and that this is mediated by a highly specific beta-glucanase activity. In this, Kpkt differs from other microbial beta-glucanases that do not show killer activities. |
### Instruction:
Are diagnostic strategies using physical examination minimally useful in defining carpal tunnel syndrome in population-based research studies?
### Response:
| Our study found that physical examination, alone or in combination with symptoms, was not predictive of CTS in a working population. We suggest using specific symptoms as a first-level screening tool, and nerve conduction study as a confirmatory test, as a case definition strategy in research settings. |
### Instruction:
Do algorithms outperform metabolite tests in predicting response of patients with inflammatory bowel disease to thiopurines?
### Response:
| Algorithms that use age and laboratory values can differentiate clinical response, nonadherence, and shunting of thiopurine metabolism among patients who take thiopurines. This approach was less costly and more accurate than 6-TGN metabolite measurements in predicting clinical response. If validated, this approach would provide a low-cost, rapid alternative to metabolite measurements for monitoring thiopurine use. |
### Instruction:
Does one size fit all : identifying risk profiles for overweight in adolescent population subsets?
### Response:
| Our results demonstrate how risk and protective factors related to obesity emerge differently among sociodemographic subgroups and the relative importance of these risk and protective factors in relation to adolescent overweight status. Interventions that work for one population subgroup may not work for another. |
### Instruction:
Are sleep duration and regularity associated with behavioral problems in 8-year-old children?
### Response:
| The results highlight the importance of sufficient sleep duration and regular sleep patterns from weekdays to weekends. Short sleep duration was associated specifically with problems related to attentional control and externalizing behaviors, whereas irregularity in sleep duration was, in particular, associated with internalizing problems. |
### Instruction:
Is pathogen burden in degenerative aortic valves associated with inflammatory and immune reactions?
### Response:
| The pathogen burden may contribute to valvular degeneration by promoting further deleterious inflammatory and (auto)immune processes at the level of the valvular fibrosa. |
### Instruction:
Is laparoscopic colectomy associated with decreased postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction?
### Response:
| Laparoscopic colorectal surgery is associated with decreased postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction, resulting in a significantly lower NGT reinsertion rate. |
### Instruction:
Is sensorimotor gating of schizophrenia patients influenced by 5-HT2A receptor polymorphisms?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that PPI and habituation are modulated by 5-HT(2A)R A-1438G and T102C genotype in schizophrenia. Consequently, alterations within brain 5-HT(2A)Rs may contribute to the PPI deficits in schizophrenia. |
### Instruction:
Are cardioprotective and vasodilatory actions of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor mediated through both glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor-dependent and -independent pathways?
### Response:
| These data describe cardioprotective actions of GLP-1(7-36) mediated through the known GLP-1R and novel cardiac and vascular actions of GLP-1(7-36) and its metabolite GLP-1(9-36) independent of the known GLP-1R. Our data suggest that the extent to which GLP-1 is metabolized to GLP-1(9-36) may have functional implications in the cardiovascular system. |
### Instruction:
Is amphiregulin a promising prognostic marker for liver metastases of colorectal cancer?
### Response:
| AR expression in primary lesions of colorectal cancer is an important predictive marker of liver metastasis. |
### Instruction:
Does activation of placenta-specific transcription factor distal-less homeobox 5 predict clinical outcome in primary lung cancer patients?
### Response:
| These data implied that DLX5 is useful as a target for the development of anticancer drugs and cancer vaccines as well as for a prognostic biomarker in clinic. |
### Instruction:
Is vascular endothelial growth factor gene 460 polymorphism associated with pterygium formation in female patients?
### Response:
| VEGF-460C polymorphism is associated with pterygium formation in female patients. Females who carried the C allele have increased risk of developing pterygium at a younger age. |
### Instruction:
Do reductions in basal metabolic rate and physical activity contribute to hypothalamic obesity?
### Response:
| Energy expenditure, rather than energy intake, has a greater role in the development of obesity after cranial tumor therapy. Reductions in BMR and physical activity, leading to a positive energy balance and weight gain despite an age-appropriate calorie intake, may contribute to hypothalamic obesity. |
### Instruction:
Does sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence alter colorectal transport?
### Response:
| Sacral nerve stimulation reduces antegrade transport from the ascending colon and increases retrograde transport from the descending colon at defaecation. This may prolong colonic transit time and increase the storage capacity of the colon. |
### Instruction:
Does elevated serum creatinine at baseline predict poor outcome in patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy?
### Response:
| In an unselected cohort of CRT recipients, the baseline creatinine was found to predict worse survival and poor outcome over a modest follow-up duration. |
### Instruction:
Does nav1.7 expression is increase in painful human dental pulp?
### Response:
| This study identifies the increased axonal expression and augmentation of Nav1.7 at intact and remodeling/demyelinating nodes within the painful human dental pulp where these changes may contribute to constant, increased evoked and spontaneous pain responses that characterize the pain associated with toothache. |
### Instruction:
Is x-linked ichthyosis ( steroid sulfatase deficiency ) associated with increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder , autism and social communication deficits?
### Response:
| STS deficiency may be a risk factor for ADHD with predominantly inattentive symptoms. Boys with XLI and large deletions encompassing STS and NLGN4 are at increased risk of developing autism and related disorders. |
### Instruction:
Do the opiorphin gene ( ProL1 ) and its homologues function in erectile physiology?
### Response:
| All members of the human opiorphin family of genes can potentially modulate erectile physiology. Both hSMR3 and ProL1 are down-regulated in the corpora of men with ED, and therefore both genes can potentially act as markers of ED. |
### Instruction:
Does neonatal vaccination with an acellular pertussis vaccine accelerate the acquisition of pertussis antibodies in infants?
### Response:
| Early neonatal immunization with aP was safe, well tolerated, and resulted in earlier antibody responses, seen after the first dose of a DTaP combination vaccine. Birth dose of aP did not induce immunologic tolerance to pertussis antigens but appear to dampen responses to Hib and HBV vaccines. |
### Instruction:
Are vEGF polymorphisms associated with severity of diabetic retinopathy?
### Response:
| A clear association was demonstrated between VEGF SNPs and severity of diabetic retinopathy. Furthermore, two of the htSNP haplotypes appear to be more generalized markers for angiogenesis, in that these have been found in prior work to be associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. |
### Instruction:
Are serum S100B but not NSE levels increased in morbidly obese individuals affected by obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome?
### Response:
| Our study shows a significant increase in S100B level after PSG compared to before. This suggests that there is a CNS astrocyte reaction because of possible cerebral hypoxemia in morbidly obese patients with OSAHS. |
### Instruction:
Do monocytes contribute to the atherosclerotic cap by transformation into fibrocytes?
### Response:
| Our results demonstrate that fibrocytes contribute to formation of the fibrous cap. With fibrocytes being a monocyte derived cell, we suggest that monocytes may play a more crucial role in the clinical outcome of atherosclerosis than previously realized as they not only contribute directly to plaque instability (through foam cell formation), but also promote plaque stability by transformation into a fibrocyte. |
### Instruction:
Does risk factors for fall among elderly men in a veterans home?
### Response:
| The prevalence of fall in the past 180 days was 8.2% among elderly residents in a veterans care home in northern Taiwan. The independent risk factors for falls in this setting included poorer functional status and hypnotic use. |
### Instruction:
Does dexamethasone reduce tumor recurrence and metastasis after pancreatic tumor resection in SCID mice?
### Response:
| DEX has a profound influence on the malignant phenotype of PDAC tumor cells in vitro in terms of inhibition of invasiveness and pro-inflammatory signaling. This was approved in vivo by reduced metastasizing capacity and reduced size of local tumor recurrence. Therefore, DEX-treatment appears to be an interesting therapeutical option in an adjuvant setting after pancreatic cancer resection. |
### Instruction:
Are iDO1 and IDO2 expressed in human tumors : levo- but not dextro-1-methyl tryptophan inhibits tryptophan catabolism?
### Response:
| Although IDO2 is expressed in human tumors, tryptophan degradation is entirely provided by IDO1. Importantly, D-1MT does not inhibit the IDO activity of malignant cells. If ongoing clinical studies show a therapeutic effect of D-1MT, this cannot be attributed to inhibition of IDO in tumor cells. |
### Instruction:
Is thyroid hormone action required for normal cone opsin expression during mouse retinal development?
### Response:
| The results show, for the first time, that the expression of S- and M-opsin is dependent on normal thyroid hormone levels during development. |
### Instruction:
Is multidrug resistance in patients undergoing resective epilepsy surgery associated with C3435T polymorphism in the ABCB1 ( MDR1 ) gene?
### Response:
| Our findings failed to prove an association between C3435T polymorphism and drug resistance in a sample of Turkish patients with refractory epilepsy who underwent resective brain surgery. |
### Instruction:
Are actigraphic sleep duration and fragmentation related to obesity in the elderly : the Rotterdam Study?
### Response:
| Sleep duration, as measured with actigraphy, had a U-shaped relationship with BMI and obesity in an elderly population. A highly fragmented sleep is associated with a higher BMI and a higher risk of obesity, and may explain why short sleep is related to obesity. To preclude bias that can be introduced by self-report measures of sleep duration, using multiple measures of sleep parameters is recommended in future research. |
### Instruction:
Is arterial wave reflection elevated in evening hemodialysis patients?
### Response:
| Although a larger scale study is required to draw a definite conclusion, our findings suggest that a better prognosis in daytime hemodialysis non-diabetic patients is related to the lower AI. |
### Instruction:
Is mitochondrial electron transport inhibition in full genomic hepatitis C virus replicon cells restored by reducing viral replication?
### Response:
| Our results show that the mitochondrial redox state and electron transport activity can be restored by reducing HCV replication. |
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