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### Instruction:
Are endometriosis of the ureter and bladder associated diseases?
### Response:
| Ureter endometriosis is not associated with the bladder disease; however, it is associated with advanced ASRM stages and with retrocervical and rectum-sigmoid lesions. |
### Instruction:
Do virtual reality pain control during burn wound debridement in the hydrotank?
### Response:
| Results provide the first available evidence from a controlled study that immersive VR can be an effective nonpharmacologic pain reduction technique for burn patients experiencing severe to excruciating pain during wound care. The potential applications of VR analgesia to other painful procedures (eg, movement or exercise therapy) and other pain populations are discussed. |
### Instruction:
Is greater epoetin alfa responsiveness associated with improved survival in hemodialysis patients?
### Response:
| Lower erythropoietin responsiveness is a strong, independent predictor of mortality risk and should be considered when evaluating associations between clinical outcomes and potential prognostic indicators, such as Epoetin alfa dose and achieved hemoglobin values. |
### Instruction:
Does ascertainment and epidemiology of acute kidney injury vary with definition interpretation?
### Response:
| AKI definition variation causes interstudy heterogeneity. AKI definition should be standardized so that results can be compared across studies. |
### Instruction:
Does membrane-associated phospholipase A1 beta ( LIPI ) be an Ewing tumour-associated cancer/testis antigen?
### Response:
| The human cancer/testis antigen LIPI is highly expressed in Ewing family tumours and can be easily detected by RT-PCR or quantitative RT-PCR. LIPI might be an interesting target for the development of future diagnostic tools or treatment strategies. |
### Instruction:
Is ala54Thr polymorphism of the fatty acid-binding protein 2 gene ( intestinal-type FABP ) associated with changes in insulin sensitivity in SGA pubertal girls?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that the Thr54 variant of the FABP2 gene could be associated with a synergic effect in the SGA group regarding higher leptin levels (p < 0.05), lower insulin sensitivity by WBISI (p < 0.05) and higher insulin secretion determined by higher insulinogenic index (p < 0.01), insulin AUC (p < 0.01) and beta-cell stress measured by higher proinsulin (p < 0.05). Our data suggest an involvement of genetic factors in the insulin resistance associated with reduced fetal growth and strengthen the hypothesis that this association could be the consequence of interactions between detrimental factors during fetal life and genetic susceptibility. |
### Instruction:
Does use of enoxaparin result in more haemorrhagic complications after breast surgery than unfractionated heparin?
### Response:
| LMWH thromboprophylaxis was associated with a significant increase in haemorrhagic complications after breast surgery compared with UFH. |
### Instruction:
Does dietary alpha-ketoglutarate reduce gastrectomy-evoked loss of calvaria and trabecular bone in female rats?
### Response:
| Gx resulted in loss of calvarial, trabecular and cortical bone in the rat. AKG counteracted the effect of Gx on calvaria and trabecular bone but not on cortical bone. |
### Instruction:
Does angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition improve vascular function in rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with 10 mg/d ramipril for 8 weeks on top of current antiinflammatory treatment markedly improved endothelial function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This finding suggests that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition may provide a novel strategy to prevent cardiovascular events in these patients. |
### Instruction:
Is stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha cardioprotective after myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that SDF-1alpha may serve a tissue-protective and regenerative role for solid organs suffering a hypoxic insult. |
### Instruction:
Does pharmacological basis for use of Pistacia integerrima leave in hyperuricemia and gout?
### Response:
| These findings are encouraging to plan clinical studies in hyperuricemic patients. |
### Instruction:
Are wet forced-air warming blankets ineffective at maintaining normothermia?
### Response:
| A wet forced-air warming blanket is ineffective at maintaining normothermia. Once wet, the warming blanket resulted in cooling similar to the control group. |
### Instruction:
Are serum levels of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein ( AFABP ) increased in chronic haemodialysis ( CD )?
### Response:
| Renal filtration appears as an important route of elimination of AFABP. Future studies should elucidate whether this adipocyte-expressed factor contributes to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease found in end-stage renal disease. |
### Instruction:
Does elevated serum parathyroid hormone predict impaired survival prognosis in a general aged population?
### Response:
| Elevated serum PTH level is an independent predictor of impaired long-term survival prognosis in unselected aged population. Serum Ca(2+) did not emerge as a significant prognostic indicator. The long-term prognostic impact of vitamin D deficiency, the most common cause of elevated PTH levels in the elderly, remains to be investigated. |
### Instruction:
Is decorin a secreted protein associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes?
### Response:
| Decorin expression in adipose tissue was markedly upregulated in the obese state and may therefore play a role in adipose tissue homeostasis or in pathophysiology associated with obesity. |
### Instruction:
Is liver position a prenatal predictive factor of prosthetic repair in congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
### Response:
| Liver herniation has prenatal predictive value for the need for prosthetic repair in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. This finding should be valuable during prenatal counseling for clinical trials of engineered diaphragmatic repair. |
### Instruction:
Are weight-bearing bones more sensitive to physical exercise in boys than in girls during pre- and early puberty : a cross-sectional study?
### Response:
| Sex differences in BMC during pre- and early puberty may be related to a different sensitivity of bone to physical loading, irrespective of muscle mass. |
### Instruction:
Does unilateral ablation of pre-Botzinger complex disrupt breathing during sleep but not wakefulness?
### Response:
| Gradual loss of preBötC NK1R neurons may be an underlying factor of sleep-disordered breathing, in particular of central sleep apnea. |
### Instruction:
Does orexin mediate the expression of precipitated morphine withdrawal and concurrent activation of the nucleus accumbens shell?
### Response:
| Altogether, these data demonstrate that orexin, acting via Ox1r, is critical for the expression of morphine withdrawal. AcbSh activation during withdrawal is dependent on Ox1r function and is likely mediated by indirect action of LH orexin neurons. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Adenovirus vector encoding human KDR elicit immunity against hepatocellular carcinomas in mice ]?
### Response:
| Adenovirus vector-mediated xenogeneic KDR can effectively break the immune tolerance to hepatocellular carcinomas in an animal model and induce a strong antigen-specific T cell response, which is dependent on CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. |
### Instruction:
Does cytosine arabinoside affect the heat and capsaicin receptor TRPV1 localisation and sensitivity in human sensory neurons?
### Response:
| It is postulated that Ara C treatment blocked insertion of TRPV1 in the cell membrane, resulting in accumulation of the receptors in the cytoplasm, loss of capsaicin sensitivity, and membrane-bound immunostaining, which was restored with a rebound on withdrawal of Ara C. The observed pattern of loss of capsaicin sensitivity, followed by hypersensitivity and recovery, appears to reflect some of the features observed in chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, and may provide a model for developing new treatments and prophylaxis. |
### Instruction:
Does tobacco smoking and depression -- result from the WHO/ISBRA study?
### Response:
| This study adds support to the evidence that smoking is linked to depression. It also elucidates the importance of taking into account alcohol and cocaine dependence since they have a significant impact on the relationship between smoking and depression. |
### Instruction:
Is val158Met polymorphism in the catechol-O-methyltransferase ( COMT ) gene associated with tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia?
### Response:
| These results suggest that the V158M SNP of the COMT gene is not associated with TD in schizophrenia. However, there is a tendency that the heterozygous genotype of the COMT gene polymorphism has a protective effect against TD. Further investigations are warranted to evaluate a molecular heterosis of this polymorphism in development of TD in a large sample of subjects. |
### Instruction:
Is change in prostate specific antigen following androgen stimulation an independent predictor of prostate cancer diagnosis?
### Response:
| An increase in prostate specific antigen following androgen stimulation in men with prostate specific antigen between 2.5 and 4.0 ng/ml was highly predictive of the subsequent diagnosis of prostate cancer and it correlated with disease volume. If these findings are corroborated, prostate specific antigen provocation may become an important strategy to identify men at risk for harboring prostate cancer and minimize the number undergoing unnecessary biopsies. |
### Instruction:
Do immunity to distinct sand fly salivary proteins primes the anti-Leishmania immune response towards protection or exacerbation of disease?
### Response:
| Immunization with two salivary proteins from P. papatasi, PpSP15 and PpSP44, produced distinct immune profiles that correlated with resistance or susceptibility to Leishmania infection. The demonstration for the first time that immunity to a defined salivary protein (PpSP44) results in disease enhancement stresses the importance of the proper selection of vector-based vaccine candidates. |
### Instruction:
Is lower expression of TLR2 and SOCS-3 associated with Schistosoma haematobium infection and with lower risk for allergic reactivity in children living in a rural area in Ghana?
### Response:
| S. haematobium infections modulate the expression of genes of the innate immune system (TLR2 and SOCS-3); these are genes that are associated with increased allergic inflammatory processes, providing a molecular link between the negative association of this infection and atopy in rural children in Ghana. |
### Instruction:
Do dietary phytoestrogens activate AMP-activated protein kinase with improvement in lipid and glucose metabolism?
### Response:
| Dietary soy could prove useful to prevent obesity and associated disorders. Activation of the AMPK pathway by dietary soy is likely involved and may mediate the beneficial effects of dietary soy in peripheral tissues. |
### Instruction:
Does preapplication of orthodontic forces to the donor teeth affect periodontal healing of transplanted teeth?
### Response:
| These results suggested that the preapplication of orthodontic force to the donor teeth increased the PDL width and eased the extraction, which might decrease root resorption after replantation. |
### Instruction:
Are `` Covering our backs '' : ambulance crews ' attitudes towards clinical documentation when emergency ( 999 ) patients conveyed to hospital?
### Response:
| The low rates of completion of clinical records for non-conveyed patients appeared to result from crew members not believing they were important in every circumstance, combined with a lack of management focus. Low rates of completion may lead in turn to clinical risk and a risk of litigation if things go wrong. |
### Instruction:
Do dNAI1 mutations explain only 2 % of primary ciliary dykinesia?
### Response:
| We conclude that DNAI1 gene mutation is not a common cause of PCD, and that major or several additional disease gene(s) still remain to be identified before a sensitive molecular diagnostic test can be developed for PCD. |
### Instruction:
Does exercise restore endothelial function independently of weight loss or hyperglycaemic status in db/db mice?
### Response:
| Exercise reverses diabetic vascular endothelial dysfunction independently of improvements in body weight or hyperglycaemia. Our data suggest that upregulation of eNOS and specific SOD isoforms could play important roles in improving NO bioavailability, as well as in reversing endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes patients through lifestyle modifications in the management of diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Does practical approach to proteomic biomarkers within prostate cancer radiotherapy trials?
### Response:
| Numerous proteomic methods are being employed, including high-throughput mass spectrometry and immunoassays, and using solid tissues, blood and urine for analysis. Given the potential complexity of cytokine and other protein responses, there is a need to assess proteomic signatures within serial samples as longitudinal studies during a course of fractionated radiotherapy (RT). |
### Instruction:
Is nZ Government 's trend analysis of hospitalised self-harm misleading?
### Response:
| The methodological challenges to producing valid indicators for the purposes of measuring trends in important non-fatal injury are substantial. Unless we accept that the usual methods of measuring trends in non-fatal injury are misleading and commit to taking up the challenge to produce and use better indicators, we will continue to run the risk of misleading ourselves and the public. |
### Instruction:
Is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) a major personal and public health burden in Australia?
### Response:
| The reduction of the burden from COPD is contingent upon a proactive approach by public health that includes approaching it as a research priority and the provision of adequately resourced prevention and management strategies. |
### Instruction:
Are dendritic cells preferentially targeted among hematolymphocytes by Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara and play a key role in the induction of virus-specific T cell responses in vivo?
### Response:
| We present the first in vivo evidence that among hematolymphoid cells, DCs are the most susceptible targets for MVA infection, and DC-mediated Ag presentation is required for the induction of MVA-specific immune responses. These results provide important information concerning the mechanisms by which strong immune responses are elicited to MVA-encoded antigens and may inform efforts to further improve the immunogenicity of this already promising vaccine vector. |
### Instruction:
Is increasing severity of cardiac autonomic neuropathy associated with increasing prevalence of nephropathy , retinopathy , and peripheral neuropathy in Turkish type 2 diabetics?
### Response:
| The prevalence of other diabetic microvascular complications increase as the severity of CAN increases in patients with type 2 DM. This study emphasizes the need for an early screening for peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients with CAN, especially with severe involvement. |
### Instruction:
Does intradiscal electrothermal therapy ( IDET ) provide effective symptom relief in patients with discogenic low back pain?
### Response:
| The findings of this study suggest that durable clinical improvements can be realized after IDET in highly selected patients with mild disc degeneration, confirmatory imaging evidence of annular disruption, and concordant pain provocation by low pressure discography. |
### Instruction:
Does nephrectomy modify renal angiotensin II effects in kidney donors?
### Response:
| In normotensive donors with a normal compensatory response to nephrectomy, baseline renal reactivity to angiotensin II can influence renal and glomerular hemodynamics 1 year after nephrectomy. |
### Instruction:
Are serum levels of the adipokine adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein increased in preeclampsia?
### Response:
| We demonstrate that maternal AFABP serum concentrations are significantly increased in PE. Furthermore, BMI and serum creatinine are independent predictors of circulating AFABP. |
### Instruction:
Does epigallocatechin-3-gallate ( EGCG ) inhibit the migratory behavior of tumor bronchial epithelial cells?
### Response:
| Taken together, our results demonstrate that EGCG is able to inhibit the migration of bronchial tumor cells and could therefore be an attractive candidate to treat tumor invasion and cell migration. |
### Instruction:
Do machine learning classifiers detect subtle field defects in eyes of HIV individuals?
### Response:
| This study has confirmed that low-CD4 eyes have visual field defects and retinal damage. Ranking located important field locations superiorly near the blind spot, implying damage to the retina inferiorly near the optic disc. Though most fields appear normal in high-CD4 eyes, SVM and RVM were sufficiently sensitive to distinguish these eyes from normal eyes with SAP. The location of these defects is not yet defined. These results also validate the use of sensitive MLC techniques to uncover test differences not discernible by human experts. |
### Instruction:
Is experimental congenital vesicoureteral reflux in sheep associated with reduced renal expression levels of aquaporin 1 and 2?
### Response:
| Progressively impaired renal concentrating capacity induced by experimental fetal reflux is associated with decreased levels of renal aquaporin 1 and 2 expression. This long-term down-regulation of aquaporin 1 and 2 provides important molecular evidence for a defect in resorptive capacity of water induced by vesicoureteral reflux. |
### Instruction:
Is the heterochromatin protein 1 family regulated in prostate development and cancer?
### Response:
| HP1 proteins are tightly regulated during prostate development. In the adult prostate HP1alpha, beta and gamma antibodies detect high levels of HP1 antigen in a contiguous layer of epithelial cells. However, the detection of HP1 in prostate cancer ranges from undetectable to inconsistent staining of noncontiguous epithelial cells. |
### Instruction:
Does formation of osteoclast-like cells from peripheral blood of periodontitis patients occur without supplementation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor?
### Response:
| Our data indicate that PBMCs from periodontitis patients do not need priming by M-CSF to become osteoclast-like cells, suggesting that PBMCs from periodontitis patients are present in the circulation in a different state of activity. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Matrine inhibit the proliferation of neuroblastoma LA-N-5 cell and MYCN mRNA expression ]?
### Response:
| Matrine may inhibit the growth of neuroblastoma cells and down-regulate MYCN mRNA expression. It may be promising as a new drug for treatment of neuroblastoma. |
### Instruction:
Do hepatic involvement and portal hypertension predict mortality in chronic granulomatous disease?
### Response:
| These data suggest mortality in patients with CGD is associated with the development of noncirrhotic portal hypertension, likely owing to injury to the microvasculature of the liver from repeated systemic and hepatic infections. The slope of decline in platelet count may be a useful measure of progression of portal hypertension over time. Furthermore, the data illustrate the potential independent effect of portal hypertension on clinical outcome outside the setting of cirrhosis. |
### Instruction:
Does exposure to tobacco smoke increase leukotriene E4-related albuterol usage and response to montelukast?
### Response:
| Increased individual CysLT levels are associated with subsequent albuterol usage. CysLT-related albuterol usage and montelukast responsiveness are increased in children exposed to tobacco smoke and tend to be greater in girls than boys. Measurement of LTE(4) to FENO ratios may help predict susceptibility to montelukast. |
### Instruction:
Does inspiratory muscle training improve blood flow to resting and exercising limbs in patients with chronic heart failure?
### Response:
| In patients with CHF and inspiratory muscle weakness, inspiratory muscle loading results in marked reduction of blood flow to resting and exercising limbs. Inspiratory muscle training improves limb blood flow under inspiratory loading in these patients. |
### Instruction:
Is silicone tubing necessary after primary endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy : a prospective randomized study?
### Response:
| The results of our prospective, randomized study showed that the use of silicone tubes after primary EN-DCR is not necessary. |
### Instruction:
Does feticide modify duration of labor induction in cases of medical termination of pregnancy?
### Response:
| Feticide does not alter the clinical obstetrical course of women undergoing medical termination of pregnancy, and poses no risk to maternal health regardless of gestational age. |
### Instruction:
Do hdm2 and nitric oxide radicals contribute to the p53-dependent radioadaptive response?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that NO radicals are initiators of the radioadaptive response, acting through the activation of Hdm2 and the depression of p53 accumulations. |
### Instruction:
Does systemic 5-fluorouracil treatment cause a syndrome of delayed myelin destruction in the central nervous system?
### Response:
| Our studies demonstrate that systemic treatment with a single chemotherapeutic agent, 5-FU, is sufficient to cause a syndrome of delayed CNS damage and provide the first animal model of delayed damage to white-matter tracts of individuals treated with systemic chemotherapy. Unlike that caused by local irradiation, the degeneration caused by 5-FU treatment did not correlate with either chronic inflammation or extensive vascular damage and appears to represent a new class of delayed degenerative damage in the CNS. |
### Instruction:
Is pharmacokinetic MR analysis of the cartilage influenced by field strength?
### Response:
| Cartilage vascular permeability values are influenced by the MR field strength. This should be taken in consideration when analyzing this biomarker. |
### Instruction:
Does trkB gene transfer alter hippocampal neuronal loss and cognitive deficits following traumatic brain injury in mice?
### Response:
| These data suggest that neither overexpression of trkB, BNDF infusion or their combination affects neuronal survival or behavioral outcome following experimental TBI in mice. |
### Instruction:
Does calcium and vitamin d supplementation decrease incidence of stress fractures in female navy recruits?
### Response:
| Generalizing the findings to the population of 14,416 women who entered basic training at the Great Lakes during the 24 mo of recruitment, calcium and vitamin D supplementation for the entire cohort would have prevented approximately 187 persons from fracturing. Such a decrease in SFx would be associated with a significant decrease in morbidity and financial costs. |
### Instruction:
Is cortical bone loss in androgen-deficient aged male rats mainly caused by increased endocortical bone remodeling?
### Response:
| We conclude that androgen deficiency-induced cortical bone loss in aged, nongrowing rats is mainly caused by augmented endocortical bone remodeling. |
### Instruction:
Is transplantation of adipose derived stromal cells associated with functional improvement in a rat model of chronic myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| These results indicate that transplantation of adipose derived cells in chronic infarct provides a superior benefit to cardiac pre-differentiated ADSC and BM-MNC. |
### Instruction:
Is human placental growth hormone increased in maternal serum in pregnancies affected by Down syndrome?
### Response:
| The hPGH levels in maternal serum were found to be higher at 16-23 weeks' gestation in pregnancies affected by fetal Down syndrome. Further investigation is needed to examine if maternal serum hPGH could be used as an additional marker in prenatal screening of Down syndrome at gestational midtrimester. |
### Instruction:
Are management of knee osteoarthritis in primary care : pain and depression the major obstacles?
### Response:
| A complex interrelationship between depression, pain, disease knowledge, and physical ability in patients with knee OA has been demonstrated. Specifically, the treatment of depression and pain may be paramount to the successful treatment of knee OA, and these factors should be considered in each patient and management priorities made. |
### Instruction:
Does desmocollin expression in oral atrophic lichen planus correlate with clinical behavior and DNA content?
### Response:
| In atrophic OLP, desmocollin-1 is a powerful predictor of an important intermediate endpoint marker (dysplasia) in the causal pathway toward oral cancer. |
### Instruction:
Do black and white female adolescents lose vitamin D metabolites into urine?
### Response:
| Urinary loss of vitamin D metabolites may be one cause of low vitamin D status, in addition to low dietary intake and reduced skin synthesis. |
### Instruction:
Does lipophilic beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol increase the hypnotic and anti-nociceptive effects of isoflurane in a swine model?
### Response:
| Propranolol alters both the hypnotic and anti-nociceptive effects of isoflurane. In contrast to landiolol, lipophilic beta-adrenoceptor antagonists may increase the potency of inhalational anaesthetics. |
### Instruction:
Does subchronic and chronic PCP treatment produce temporally distinct deficits in attentional set shifting and prepulse inhibition in rats?
### Response:
| The temporally distinct behavioral effects of these PCP treatment regimes suggest that PPI deficits relate directly to acute NMDA receptor antagonism, whereas the more enduring set shifting deficits relate to the longer term consequences of NMDA receptor blockade. Therefore, these subchronic and chronic PCP treatment regimes produce hypofrontality (Cochran et al., Neuropsychopharmacology, 28:265-275, 2003) and associated prefrontal cortex-dependent deficits in behavioral flexibility which mirror core deficits in schizophrenia. |
### Instruction:
Is noncanonical Wnt11 signaling sufficient to induce cardiomyogenic differentiation in unfractionated bone marrow mononuclear cells?
### Response:
| In adult density-gradient separated BMMNCs, canonical Wnt3a promotes stemness, proliferation, and hematopoietic commitment, whereas noncanonical signaling via Wnt11 induces robust cardiomyogenic differentiation in a protein kinase C- and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase-dependent manner. |
### Instruction:
Is retinol-binding protein-4 strongly associated with insulin sensitivity in normal pregnancies?
### Response:
| The increased fat mass and insulin resistance during normal pregnancy was best explained by measures of fat mass. However, the increase in RBP4 from early to late pregnancy, associated with a decline in insulin sensitivity, potentially indicates interactions with glucose metabolism. |
### Instruction:
Does imaging correlate of decreased axonal Na+/K+ ATPase in chronic multiple sclerosis lesions?
### Response:
| Chronically demyelinated axons that lack Na+/K+ ATPase cannot exchange axoplasmic Na+ for K+ and are incapable of nerve transmission. Loss of axonal Na+/K+ ATPase is likely to be a major contributor to continuous neurological decline in chronic stages of MS, and quantitative magnetization transfer ratios and T1 contrast ratios may provide a noninvasive surrogate marker for monitoring this loss in MS patients. |
### Instruction:
Is the use of radiation therapy after breast-conserving surgery in hormonally treated breast cancer patients dependent on patient age , geographic region , and surgeon specialty?
### Response:
| Patient age, geographic region, and surgeon training influence the decision to use RT after BCS in patients receiving HT. |
### Instruction:
Is hyperglycemia-induced reactive oxygen species toxicity to endothelial cells dependent on paracrine mediators?
### Response:
| Our in vitro results indicate that HRECs respond to cytokines rather than high glucose, suggesting that in vivo diabetes-related endothelial injury in the retina may be due to glucose-induced cytokine release by other retinal cells and not a direct effect of high glucose. |
### Instruction:
Does plasma gamma-glutamyl transferase activity predict homocysteine concentration in a large cohort of unselected outpatients?
### Response:
| Plasma GGT activity might be a useful means to predict homocysteine concentration in the general population. |
### Instruction:
Does low-dose X-irradiation promote mineralization of fracture callus in a rat model?
### Response:
| The results indicated LDI promoted mineralization at the stage of hard callus formation in a rat fracture model. |
### Instruction:
Does omega-3 fatty acid concentrate in the treatment of moderate hypertriglyceridemia?
### Response:
| P-OM3 are effective in reducing triglycerides by approximately 30% in this population and are likely to be combined with other drugs (e.g., statins) to treat combined dyslipidemia. |
### Instruction:
Do mouse neuroblastoma cells release prion infectivity associated with exosomal vesicles?
### Response:
| The dissemination of prions in N2a cell culture is mediated through the exosomal pathway. |
### Instruction:
Does trial sequential analysis reveal insufficient information size and potentially false positive results in many meta-analyses?
### Response:
| TSA reveals insufficient information size and potentially false positive results in many meta-analyses. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Topical application of morphine and buprenorphine gel have no effect in the sunburn model ]?
### Response:
| The topical application of opioids in this form has no effect on inflamed skin. |
### Instruction:
Does the neuropeptide NAP provide neuroprotection against retinal ganglion cell damage after retinal ischemia and optic nerve crush?
### Response:
| NAP acts neuroprotectively in vivo after retinal ischemia and optic nerve crush, and may have potential in treating optic nerve diseases. |
### Instruction:
Do orthodontic adhesives induce human gingival fibroblast toxicity and inflammation?
### Response:
| The hypothesis is rejected. For orthodontic patients with gingival inflammation, except for those with oral hygiene problems, the activation of COX-2 expression by orthodontic adhesive may be one of the potential mechanisms. |
### Instruction:
Is mitochondrial membrane potential in human neutrophils maintained by complex III activity in the absence of supercomplex organisation?
### Response:
| We show that neutrophils can maintain Deltapsi(m) via the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, whereby their mitochondria play an important role in the regulation of aerobic glycolysis, rather than producing energy themselves. This peculiar mitochondrial phenotype is acquired during differentiation from myeloid precursors. |
### Instruction:
Is lactate concentration in umbilical cord blood gestational age-dependent : a population-based study of 17 867 newborns?
### Response:
| Lactate concentrations in arterial and venous umbilical cord blood are increasing significantly with advancing gestational age. |
### Instruction:
Does heparin-coated extracorporeal circulation in combination with low dose systemic heparinization reduce early postoperative blood loss in cardiac surgery?
### Response:
| The combined use of heparin-coated circuits and low dose systemic heparinization is able to reduce early postoperative blood loss without enhancing the risk of complications. |
### Instruction:
Do financial incentives always work : an example of cesarean sections in Taiwan?
### Response:
| Cesarean section rates are greater for the higher-order births because of the practice "once a cesarean section, always a cesarean section". Against the background of a rapidly declining fertility rate, females play a more important role in the mode of delivery than ever before. As such, financial incentives designed specifically for obstetricians do not have the desired impact. Policies that are aimed at altering behavior should be designed within the social context. |
### Instruction:
Are poor visualization during direct laryngoscopy and high upper lip bite test score predictors of difficult intubation with the GlideScope videolaryngoscope?
### Response:
| Despite a high success rate, intubation with the GlideScope is likely to be more challenging in patients with high Cormack and Lehane grade during direct laryngoscopy, high upper lip bite test score, or short sternothyroid distance. |
### Instruction:
Do a review of irritable bowel syndrome and an update on therapeutic approaches?
### Response:
| The therapeutic options for irritable bowel syndrome are rapidly evolving beyond traditional symptom-based therapies, such as fiber, antispasmodics, antidiarrheals and laxatives and are moving towards agents with organ-specific receptor selectivity directed, in many cases, at specific gastrointestinal functions. |
### Instruction:
Does initial glucose load predict technique survival in patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis?
### Response:
| Higher glucose load during the initial period of PD was associated with higher prevalent diabetes mellitus, lower serum albumin, and lower residual renal function, and effectively predicted worse survival of PD therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does prolonged endoplasmic reticulum stress induce apoptotic cell death in an experimental model of chronic cyclosporine nephropathy?
### Response:
| Prolonged CsA-induced ER stress causes apoptotic cell death by depleting molecular chaperones and activating the proapoptotic pathway. |
### Instruction:
Do guidelines improve general trend of lowered cholesterol levels in type 2 diabetes patients in spite of low adherence?
### Response:
| Since the introduction of the guidelines, an increasing number of diabetes patients are receiving lipid-lowering drugs, which enhance a strong general trend of lowered cholesterol levels. Yet, the vast majority of diabetes patients with hypercholesterolaemia still do not receive medical treatment in accordance with the guidelines. |
### Instruction:
Are why older people living with a spouse less likely to be institutionalized : the role of socioeconomic factors and health characteristics?
### Response:
| As controlling for socioeconomic factors, housing and health characteristics explained only 35-43% of the lower risk of institutionalization among those living with a spouse as compared to those living alone, having a spouse seems to have a major independent role in preventing and delaying institutionalization among older men and women. |
### Instruction:
Do tumor necrosis factor-alpha and endothelial cells modulate Notch signaling in the bone marrow microenvironment during inflammation?
### Response:
| Our results provide the first evidence that BM endothelial cells promote expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells by a Notch-dependent mechanism and that TNF-alpha and LPS can modulate the levels of Notch ligand expression and Notch activation in the BM microenvironment in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Do apoptotic bodies convey activity capable of initiating osteoclastogenesis and localized bone destruction?
### Response:
| These data point to a mechanism by which dying osteocytes might target bone destruction through the distribution of OAB-associated signals and give further physiological meaning to the apoptotic process in bone. |
### Instruction:
Does osteoblast-derived TGF-beta1 stimulate IL-8 release through AP-1 and NF-kappaB in human cancer cells?
### Response:
| In this study, we provide evidence to show that the osteoblasts release growth factors, including TGF-beta1, BMP-2, and IGF-1. TGF-beta1 is the major contributor to the activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), leading to the activation of AP-1 and NF-kappaB on the IL-8 promoter and initiation of IL-8 mRNA and protein release, thereby promoting osteoclastogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does isoflurane attenuate myoglobin release during ischemic and/or reperfusion periods?
### Response:
| Repeated exposure to isoflurane suppressed myocardial myoglobin release caused by both ischemia and reperfusion injury. Isoflurane may provide protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion and hypoxic injuries. |
### Instruction:
Does sirtinol attenuate hepatic injury and pro-inflammatory cytokine production following trauma-hemorrhage in male Sprague-Dawley rats?
### Response:
| The salutary effects of sirtinol administration on attenuation of hepatic injury following trauma-hemorrhage are, at least in part, related to reduction of pro-inflammatory mediators. |
### Instruction:
Do inter-individual differences in novelty-seeking behavior in rats predict differential responses to desipramine in the forced swim test?
### Response:
| Taken together, our results suggest that the HR-LR model is a useful tool to investigate individual differences in responses to norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs) and that a differential activation of PFC and/or PVN could underlie some of the inter-individual differences in the efficacy of NRIs. |
### Instruction:
Is palindromic rheumatism a common disease : comparison of new-onset palindromic rheumatism compared to new-onset rheumatoid arthritis in a 2-year cohort of patients?
### Response:
| Palindromic rheumatism occurs more frequently than previously recognized. |
### Instruction:
Does lIGHT induce cell proliferation and inflammatory responses of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts via lymphotoxin beta receptor?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that LIGHT signaling via LTbetaR plays an important role in the pathogenesis of RA by affecting key processes such as the proliferation and activation of RA-FLS. Regulation of LIGHT-LTbetaR signaling may represent a new therapeutic target for RA treatment. |
### Instruction:
Is glutathione peroxidase 1 C593T polymorphism associated with lobar intracerebral hemorrhage?
### Response:
| We found a positive association between the studied GPX1 polymorphism and lobar PICH in a Polish population. |
### Instruction:
Does danqi Piantan Jiaonang modify hemostasis , hematology , and biochemistry in normal subjects and stroke patients?
### Response:
| DPJ does not significantly modify hematological, hemostatic, and biochemical parameters in normal subjects and stroke patients. |
### Instruction:
Does physician clinical impression rule out spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients undergoing emergency department paracentesis?
### Response:
| Clinical characteristics and physician assessment were insufficient in the diagnosis or exclusion of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in the ED patient undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic paracentesis. This finding supports routine laboratory fluid analysis after ED paracentesis. |
### Instruction:
Is activation of C-transactivation domain essential for optimal HIF-1 alpha-mediated transcriptional and angiogenic effects?
### Response:
| Constitutive activation of the HIF-1 alpha C-TAD, and not merely stabilization of the HIF-1 alpha molecule, is essential for optimal HIF-mediated transcriptional and angiogenic effects. This finding could have important implications for therapeutic angiogenesis using HIF-1 alpha. |
### Instruction:
Do multiple antithrombotic agents increase the risk of postoperative hemorrhage in dermatologic surgery?
### Response:
| Small sample size and retrospective nature were limitations. |
### Instruction:
Does hypoxia-inducible factor augment experimental colitis through an MIF-dependent inflammatory signaling cascade?
### Response:
| The present study shows that a chronic increase in HIF signaling in the colon epithelial cells initiates a hyperinflammatory reaction that may have important implications in developing therapeutic strategies for inflammatory bowel disease. |
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