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### Instruction:
Is pattern of invasion of prognostic value in surgically treated cervical cancer patients?
### Response:
| Spray-like PI (i.e., highest degree of tumor cell dissociation) is associated with advanced tumor stages, increased rate of recurrency and a reduced overall survival. In separate analysis of patients with and without lymph node metastases, the impact of PI persisted only in node-negative cases as a prognostic factor. |
### Instruction:
Is benefit of `` one-stage full-mouth disinfection '' explained by disinfection and root planing within 24 hours : a randomized controlled trial?
### Response:
| These observations indicate that the benefits of the "OSFMD" protocol are partially due to the use of the antiseptics and partially to the completion of the therapy in a short time. |
### Instruction:
Is in-hospital cardiac arrest associated with use of non-antiarrhythmic QTc-prolonging drugs?
### Response:
| Use of non-antiarrhythmic QTc-prolonging drugs in hospitalized patients with several underlying disease is associated with an increased risk of cardiac arrest. The effect is dose related and pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions increase the risk substantially. Physicians caring for inpatients should be made aware of the fact that these non-antiarrhythmic drugs may be hazardous, so that potential risks can be weighed against treatment benefits and additional cardiac surveillance can be requested, if necessary. |
### Instruction:
Is a brain-behaviour initiative for South Africa : the time right?
### Response:
| There is a need to apprise policy-makers in developing world countries such as South Africa of the need for increased expenditure on basic and clinical neuroscience research. Local and international collaboration may be useful in increasing research capacity in South Africa, and ultimately in improving mental health services. |
### Instruction:
Is megakaryocyte potentiation factor cleaved from mesothelin precursor a useful tumor marker in the serum of patients with mesothelioma?
### Response:
| Using new mAbs to MPF, we showed that MPF is secreted by several mesothelioma cell lines and is frequently elevated in the blood of patients with mesothelioma. Measurement of MPF may be useful in following the response of mesothelioma to treatment. |
### Instruction:
Is high WT1 expression associated with very poor survival of patients with osteogenic sarcoma metastasis?
### Response:
| WT1 seems to be associated with very poor survival of patients with osteogenic sarcoma metastasis. |
### Instruction:
Is an immunohistochemical study of morules in endometrioid lesions of the female genital tract : CD10 a characteristic marker of morular metaplasia?
### Response:
| CD10 staining represents a useful marker of morules in endometrioid neoplasms of the female genital tract, permitting identification of lesions usually associated with an attenuated malignancy. Considering the immunohistochemical and genetic similarities of morules in tumors of different organs, it is likely that this marker may be also useful to diagnose morular metaplasia in similar neoplasms of extragenital locations. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Bevacizumab ( Avastin ) inhibit lung cancer-induced pulmonary microvascular angiogenesis ]?
### Response:
| Avastin can inhibit the growth and induce apoptosis of lung microvascular endothelial cells in three-dimensional culture, possibly in association with cell cycle arrest in G(0/1) phase. |
### Instruction:
Does lymphoid neogenesis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis correlate with ANA positivity and plasma cells infiltration?
### Response:
| Lymphoid neogenesis in JIA represents a phase in the immunopathological process that characterize the development of inflammatory synovitis. It is not related to disease activity or severity, but appears to be more frequent in patients with circulating anti-nuclear antibodies. |
### Instruction:
Does imaging predict the clinical outcome of bacterial vertebral osteomyelitis?
### Response:
| Imaging abnormalities often persist in patients with bacterial spondylodiscitis despite a favourable clinical and biological response to antibiotic treatment. They are not associated with relapses, neurological sequelae or persistent pain. Imaging controls are not necessary when bacterial spondylodiscitis responds favourably to treatment. |
### Instruction:
Is sjogren 's syndrome associated with and not secondary to systemic sclerosis?
### Response:
| SS seems to be associated with and not secondary to SSc. SS associated with SSc has the same features as pSS, but SSc seems to be less serious. Moreover, the association of SS and SSc is frequently accompanied by a spreading of autoimmunity. |
### Instruction:
Are alanine amino transferase concentrations linked to folate intakes and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism in obese adolescent girls?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that folate intake and the MTHFR polymorphism represent a part of the link between antioxidant status and liver disease in obese adolescent girls. |
### Instruction:
Is cLOCK involved in obesity-induced disordered fibrinolysis in ob/ob mice by regulating PAI-1 gene expression?
### Response:
| These observations suggest that CLOCK is involved in obesity-induced disordered fibrinolysis by regulating PAI-1 gene expression in a tissue-dependent manner. Furthermore, it appears that obesity-induced PAI-1 production in adipose tissue is not closely related to systemic PAI-1 increases in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Does the complement component C5a induce the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in human macrophages via NF-kappaB activation?
### Response:
| We conclude that C5a upregulates PAI-1 in macrophages via NF-kappaB activation. We hypothesize that - if operative in vivo- this effect could favor thrombus development and thrombus stabilization in the lesion area. On the other hand one could speculate that C5a-induced upregulation of PAI-1 in plaque macrophages could act as a defense mechanism against plaque destabilization and rupture. |
### Instruction:
Do changes in cerebral vascular reactivity occur early during cardiopulmonary bypass in the rat?
### Response:
| Cerebrovascular impairment appears early after the onset of CPB. The specific loss of acetylcholine-induced vasodilation suggests endothelial cell dysfunction rather than impaired vascular smooth muscle response to nitric oxide. This loss of endothelium-dependent regulatory factors after CPB may enhance vasoconstriction, impair cerebrovascular function, and contribute to neurologic injury after CPB. |
### Instruction:
Does icodextrin enhance survival in an intraperitoneal ovarian cancer murine model utilizing gene therapy?
### Response:
| These experiments suggest that the use of dialysates such as icodextrin may further enhance the therapeutic effects of novel IP virotherapy and other gene therapy strategies for ovarian cancer. Phase I studies utilizing icodextrin-based virotherapy for ovarian cancer are currently in development. |
### Instruction:
Does interaction of endothelin with renal nerves modulate kidney function in spontaneously hypertensive rats?
### Response:
| Since renal papillary endothelin-1 appears to counteract the fluid and sodium retaining effects of renal nerve activity, an impaired renal endothelin-1 synthesis in SHR may contribute to excessive sodium retention and thus to the pathogenesis of hypertension in SHR. |
### Instruction:
Is lower bone mineral content in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus linked to female sex , low insulin-like growth factor type I levels , and high insulin requirement?
### Response:
| A sex-related difference in the impairment of bone mineral characteristics was identified in children with T1DM. Longitudinal studies are required to investigate whether boys may gain slightly less bone mass during skeletal growth. |
### Instruction:
Does testosterone decrease adiponectin levels in female to male transsexuals?
### Response:
| T can significantly reduce adiponectin serum levels in transsexual female patients. |
### Instruction:
Does regular physical activity increase glutathione peroxidase activity in adolescents with Down syndrome?
### Response:
| Regular exercise increased significantly GPX activity. Further studies are required to assess the behavior of other antioxidant enzymes to highlight potential benefits of regular exercise in redox metabolism. |
### Instruction:
Do food group adherence scores assess food patterns compared to US Department of Agriculture Food Guide?
### Response:
| Results suggest adherence to the USDA Food Guide decreases with increasing age in young children in the United States. Adherence scores may be a useful tool to describe adherence to the new USDA Food Guide. These scores could be used in program evaluation, surveillance, and epidemiological studies of diet and health. |
### Instruction:
Is mTHFR C677T polymorphism associated with placental abruption or preeclampsia in Finnish women?
### Response:
| MTHFR C677T polymorphism does not have a major role in the development of preeclampsia or placental abruption in the Finnish population. |
### Instruction:
Does chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibition in pregnant rats result in placental oxidative stress?
### Response:
| The L-nitroarginine methyl ester model of experimental preeclampsia induces a number of the physiological characteristics typical of the human disease however fails to initiate biochemical changes in the placenta that occur during human preeclampsia. |
### Instruction:
Do catechol-O-methyltransferase ( COMT ) gene variants predict response to bupropion therapy for tobacco dependence?
### Response:
| COMT haplotypes at rs737865 and rs165599 may predict a favorable outcome for bupropion treatment for smoking cessation. European-American smokers with a G allele at both SNPs may not benefit from bupropion treatment. Small numbers of some COMT haplotypes limit interpretation of response. If study findings are confirmed in additional large studies, COMT genotyping could be applied to identify likely responders to bupropion treatment for smoking cessation. |
### Instruction:
Does prenatal cannabis exposure increase heroin seeking with allostatic changes in limbic enkephalin systems in adulthood?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates enduring effects of prenatal THC exposure into adulthood that is evident on heroin-seeking behavior during extinction and allostatic changes in mesocorticolimbic PENK systems relevant to drug motivation/reward and stress response. |
### Instruction:
Is increased superoxide anion production associated with early atherosclerosis and cardiovascular dysfunctions in a rabbit model?
### Response:
| Hypercholesterolemia induced increased levels of superoxide in the aortas and a higher expression of NOX subunits, associated with altered vasorelaxation. The increased diastolic pressure observed in hearts, consistent with a post-ischemic contractile dysfunction might be mediated by the production of superoxide. |
### Instruction:
Do indian Asian men have less peripheral arterial disease than European men for equivalent levels of coronary disease?
### Response:
| For a given level of coronary disease, Indian Asians have less lower limb atherosclerosis than Europeans, unexplained by established risk factors. Further study of these populations would help tease out relative contributions of risk factors to atherosclerosis in different vessel beds. |
### Instruction:
Does cholesteryl ester transfer protein promote the formation of cholesterol-rich remnant like lipoprotein particles in human plasma?
### Response:
| CETP promotes the formation of cholesterol-rich RLP through the transfer of CE from HDL to TRL and CETP inhibitors are useful to reduce RLP-C. |
### Instruction:
Is portal vein ligation as effective as sequential portal vein and hepatic artery ligation in inducing contralateral liver hypertrophy in a rat model?
### Response:
| PV ligation is as effective as dual ligation in inducing liver regeneration. No additional benefit of arterial ligation was observed. |
### Instruction:
Does l-arginine improve endothelial and myocardial function after brain death?
### Response:
| L-arginine treatment prevents endothelial dysfunction and improves myocardial performance after BD via enhancement of endogenous nitric oxide synthesis. |
### Instruction:
Are mycophenolate mofetil dose reductions and discontinuations after gastrointestinal complications associated with renal transplant graft failure?
### Response:
| Renal transplant recipients who underwent MMF dose reduction or withdrawal following GI diagnosis are associated with increased risk of graft failure. |
### Instruction:
Does neutralization of interleukin-18 inhibit neointimal formation in a rat model of vascular injury?
### Response:
| These results identify a critical role for IL-18 in neointimal formation in a rat model of vascular injury and suggest a potential role for IL-18 neutralization in the reduction of neointimal development. |
### Instruction:
Does sCN5A polymorphism restore trafficking of a Brugada syndrome mutation on a separate gene?
### Response:
| This study suggests a mechanism whereby the Brugada syndrome has incomplete penetrance. More importantly, this study suggests that genetic polymorphisms may be a potential target for future therapies aimed at rescuing specific dysfunctional protein channels. |
### Instruction:
Does deletion of p47phox attenuate angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice?
### Response:
| Deletion of p47phox attenuates Ang II-induced AAA formation in apoE-/- mice, suggesting that NADPH oxidase plays a critical role in AAA formation in this model. |
### Instruction:
Are radiation-associated endometrial cancers prognostically unfavorable tumors : a clinicopathologic comparison with 527 sporadic endometrial cancers?
### Response:
| The clinicopathologic characteristics of RAECs, which include a preponderance of high-stage, high-grade and high-risk histologic subtypes, indicate that these tumors differ from sporadic endometrial carcinomas. However, patients with RAECs do not appear to have a significantly worse prognosis when compared with patients with high-stage and high-grade sporadic cancers. |
### Instruction:
Does recombinant human thyrotropin reduce endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients monitored for differentiated thyroid carcinoma?
### Response:
| rhTSH administration acutely impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation, possibly through the induction of low-grade inflammation and reduced nitric oxide availability by oxidative stress. |
### Instruction:
Does interleukin-6 correlate with endothelial dysfunction in young post-myocardial infarction patients?
### Response:
| It appears that IL-6 is the most valuable circulating marker of ED, and consequently a useful marker of coronary risk. |
### Instruction:
Does anti-inflammatory treatment with standardized human serum protein solution reduce local and systemic inflammatory response after hemorrhagic shock?
### Response:
| Short-term SPS treatment of hemorrhagic shock improved mesenteric microcirculation, arterial blood gases and global hemodynamics, and attenuated the inflammatory response to reperfusion. It may provide clinical benefit when applied at an early phase of reperfusion after hemorrhagic shock. |
### Instruction:
Is the E670G SNP in the PCSK9 gene associated with polygenic hypercholesterolemia in men but not in women?
### Response:
| In a European population the E670G SNP in the PCSK9 gene is associated with increased LDL in men but not in women. |
### Instruction:
Does admission ECG predict long-term outcome in acute coronary syndromes without ST elevation?
### Response:
| Rates of adverse events are high in patients admitted to UK hospitals with ACS without ST elevation. The ECG remains a very important and simple discriminator of both short- and long-term risk, enabling more aggressive, proven therapies to be targeted towards those at highest risk. |
### Instruction:
Is the BRK tyrosine kinase expressed in high-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary?
### Response:
| The amplification of the BRK gene and overexpression of BRK protein in the majority of high-grade serous carcinomas and ovarian cancer cell lines suggest that BRK may play a role in the development and growth of ovarian tumors. |
### Instruction:
Is combined biodifferentiating and antiangiogenic oral metronomic therapy feasible and effective in relapsed solid tumors in children : single-center pilot study?
### Response:
| The COMBAT regimen is well tolerated by patients with intensive prior therapy including myeloablative regimens. Favorable responses observed in this cohort of patients support the further exploration of this and/or similar strategies in the treatment of pediatric solid tumors. |
### Instruction:
Is cord insertion into the lower third of the uterus in the first trimester associated with placental and umbilical cord abnormalities?
### Response:
| Developmental abnormalities of the placenta and umbilical cord occur frequently in cases in which the cord insertion is in the lower third of the uterus in the first trimester. We suggest that screening for the cord insertion site at 9-11 weeks of gestation may have clinical significance for predicting abnormalities of the cord and the placenta at delivery. |
### Instruction:
Is cerebral vasoreactivity influenced by the prandial state among migraineurs?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that migraineurs have a higher reactivity to hypercapnia during the PP period. |
### Instruction:
Is fetal brain sparing strongly related to the degree of increased placental vascular impedance?
### Response:
| A clear correlation exists between increasing placental vascular impedance and BS in the MCA. Preterm pregnancies express the greatest deviation from the mean MCA PI. |
### Instruction:
Is systemic white blood and endothelial cell response after revascularization of critical limb ischemia only influenced in case of ischemic ulcers?
### Response:
| This study shows that revascularization of CLI does not significantly influence the inflammatory response in patients with rest pain only, but a limited response of down regulation was found in the ulcer/gangrene patients probably as an effect of healing ulcers. |
### Instruction:
Are low-energy-density diets associated with high diet quality in adults in the United States?
### Response:
| These analyses further demonstrate the beneficial effects of a low-energy-density diet, which was associated with lower energy intakes, higher food intakes, and higher diet quality than a high-energy-density diet. To achieve a low-energy-density diet, individuals should be encouraged to eat a variety of fruits and vegetables as well as low-fat/reduced-fat, nutrient-dense, and/or water-rich grains, dairy products, and meats/meat alternatives. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Perivenous support with autologous pericardium inhibit neointimal thickening in canine vein grafts ]?
### Response:
| Perivenous support of the vein graft with autologous pericardium can reduce intimal and medial hyperplasia in the graft. |
### Instruction:
Does parent 's Evaluation of Developmental Status ( PEDS ) detect developmental problems compared to Denver II?
### Response:
| PEDS could play a role in detection of developmental problems but was not a good tool in screening. Therefore, significant concerns of parents about their children's development are the critical information for referral to have further management. In other words, parents concerns could have far more advantage than the screening test. |
### Instruction:
Does why reassurance fail in patients with unexplained symptoms -- an experimental investigation of remembered probabilities?
### Response:
| Physicians should be aware that patients with medically unexplained symptoms recall the likelihood of medical causes for their complaints incorrectly. Therefore, physicians should verify correct understanding by using check-back questions and asking for summaries, to improve the effect of reassurance. |
### Instruction:
Are common variations in ALG9 associated with bipolar I disorder : a family-based study?
### Response:
| These results suggest that common variations in ALG9 do not play a major role in predisposition to bipolar affective disorder. |
### Instruction:
Does iL-2 production correlate with effector cell differentiation in HIV-specific CD8+ T cells?
### Response:
| IL-2 production from antigen-specific CD8+ T cells correlates with effector cell differentiation of those cells. |
### Instruction:
Are microgravity-induced modifications of the vestibuloocular reflex in Xenopus laevis tadpoles related to development and the occurrence of tail lordosis?
### Response:
| (1) the vestibular system of tadpoles with lordotic tails is developmentally retarded by microgravity; (2) after a critical status of vestibular maturation obtained during the appearance of first swimming, microgravity activates an adaptation mechanism that causes a sensitization of the vestibular system. |
### Instruction:
Is the effect of exercise in reducing desire to smoke and cigarette withdrawal symptoms caused by distraction?
### Response:
| A brief bout of moderate-intensity exercise can lead to a rapid reduction in desire to smoke and withdrawal discomfort, which is not due to the distracting effect of exercise or the effects of mood. These findings support recommendations to smokers to use exercise as a means of helping cope with the difficulties encountered when they try to stop. |
### Instruction:
Is contingency knowledge necessary for learned motivated behaviour in humans : relevance for addictive behaviour?
### Response:
| The implication of the present findings is that the control of selective attention, instrumental drug-seeking behaviour and emotional state by drug-paired stimuli is mediated by cognitive knowledge of the predictive contingency between the stimulus and the drug. |
### Instruction:
Does endoscopic submucosal dissection allow curative resection of locally recurrent early gastric cancer after prior endoscopic mucosal resection?
### Response:
| The limitation of the study was retrospective design. |
### Instruction:
Does patient feedback on helpfulness of postal information pack regarding informed consent for endoscopic procedures?
### Response:
| Lack of literacy check and suboptimal subject participation. |
### Instruction:
Is xRCC1 R399Q polymorphism associated with response to platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in bulky cervical cancer?
### Response:
| Genetic polymorphism of XRCC1 R399Q is associated with response to platinum-based NAC in bulky cervical cancer, and MDR analysis documented association between gene-gene interaction of XRCC1 R399Q and treatment response. |
### Instruction:
Do [ The clinical course of microalbumiuria in 4 burn patients ]?
### Response:
| The present results show that ACR seems to be correlated with the level of microvascular permeability in 4 burn patients. We conclude that ACR may be a useful indicator to decide the time to administer albumin to a burn patient. However, further investigation is required to decide the threshold value of ACR in a severe burn patient whose ACR are kept above the normal range in the long-term. |
### Instruction:
Does antiretroviral therapy improve cognitive impairment in HIV+ individuals in sub-Saharan Africa?
### Response:
| Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can be associated with improvement in neurocognitive and functional performance in HIV+ individuals in sub-Saharan Africa. These results suggest that HAART, if available in areas with limited resources in sub-Saharan Africa, should be provided for patients with HIV-associated cognitive impairment. |
### Instruction:
Does aLCAM/CD166 protect breast cancer cells against apoptosis and autophagy?
### Response:
| The above results indicate that ALCAM-ALCAM interactions are crucial to the survival and primary site maintenance of breast cancer cells. Impaired expression of ALCAM/CD166 is associated with the induction of two types of programmed cell death, apoptosis and autophagy, in breast cancer cells. This adhesion molecule can therefore be regarded as a potential novel breast cancer indicator and therapeutic target. |
### Instruction:
Does resistance training improve muscle function and body composition in patients with hyperthyroidism?
### Response:
| Resistance training accelerates the recovery of skeletal muscle function and promotes weight gain based on muscle mass improvement in patients with medically treated hyperthyroidism. |
### Instruction:
Is haploinsufficiency the key mechanism of pathogenesis in a heterozygous Elovl4 knockout mouse model of STGD3 disease?
### Response:
| The detailed characterization of this animal model provides the first in vivo evidence that Elovl4 haploinsufficiency is not the underlying key disease mechanism in STGD3. The results are consistent with a dominant negative mechanism for the deletion mutation. The Elovl4 knockout mouse is one of three complementary animal models that will help elucidate the disease mechanism. |
### Instruction:
Does central plasmid antisense administration reduce blood pressure inhibiting alpha2B adrenoceptor gene expression in spontaneously hypertensive rats in vivo?
### Response:
| Central injection of antisense DNA targeting alpha2B mRNA in the genetic model of hypertension of the SHR seems to have a significant hypotensive effect, at least on the first day of injection. The nucleus tractus solitarii seems to be the primary area of action of central alpha2B AR in SHRs. |
### Instruction:
Does exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation improve heart rate recovery in elderly patients after acute myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| In older AMI patients, ET results in HRR improvement, which was correlated to the improvement in cardiopulmonary parameters. These findings may shed additional light on the possible mechanisms of the beneficial prognostic effects of ET in this patient population. |
### Instruction:
Does eEG and MRI correlate of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer 's disease?
### Response:
| EEG and MRI are each associated with different aspects of cognitive function and complement each other in their relations to psychomotor speed. |
### Instruction:
Is the growth response to growth hormone ( GH ) treatment in children with isolated GH deficiency independent of the presence of the exon 3-minus isoform of the GH receptor?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that the d3-GHR allele does not affect response to GH treatment or contribute to growth predictions in patients with IGHD who received replacement doses of GH aiming to restore a normal GH status. We did not confirm the previously reported data obtained in patients small for gestational age or with idiopathic short stature who received supraphysiological GH doses. |
### Instruction:
Is human choline transporter gene variation associated with corticolimbic reactivity and autonomic-cholinergic function?
### Response:
| CHT1 variation is related to differences in a distributed corticolimbic circuitry mediating behavioral and physiologic arousal. These relations may contribute to a biological mechanism by which genetic variation in cholinergic neurotransmission affects cognition, mood, and autonomic cardiac function. |
### Instruction:
Does long-term treatment with EPO increase serum levels of high-density lipoprotein in patients with CKD?
### Response:
| Our results show that EPO treatment of predialysis patients with CKD significantly increases serum HDL-C levels, which may represent an important antiatherogenic effect of this hormone. |
### Instruction:
Does the liquorice effect on the RAAS differ between the genders?
### Response:
| The liquorice-induced inhibition of aldosterone secretion differs between the genders and is not influenced by the BP levels. This difference between the genders has not been exposed before. |
### Instruction:
Is metabolism of collagen altered in hypertensives with increased intima media thickness?
### Response:
| We suggest that the collagenase-anticollagenase system is abnormal in essential hypertension and contributes to cardiovascular remodeling. Increased IMT may be related to the accumulation of extracellular proteins due to altered metabolism of collagen. |
### Instruction:
Do methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms c.677C/T and c.1298A/C are not associated with open angle glaucoma?
### Response:
| The MTHFR c.677C/T and c.1298A/C polymorphisms were not found to be associated with NTG and POAG. Further studies in the different ethnic populations should be performed to elucidate the relationship between MTHFR and OAG. |
### Instruction:
Does penicillamine administration reverse the inhibitory effect of hyperhomocysteinaemia on endothelium-dependent relaxation in the corpus cavernosum in the rabbit?
### Response:
| These data show that elevated levels in vivo of homocysteine in the rabbit markedly impair NO-dependent relaxation of the CC. Furthermore, this effect appears to be augmented by copper. Further clinical studies on homocysteine and copper status in patients with VED are warranted. |
### Instruction:
Does an angulated common bile duct predispose to recurrent symptomatic bile duct stones after endoscopic stone extraction?
### Response:
| Angulation of the CBD (< or = 145 degrees) on endoscopic cholangiography, a dilated CBD, and a previous open cholecystectomy are independent risk factors for symptomatic recurrence of bile duct stones. The findings support the role of bile stasis in stone recurrence. Further studies using these data prospectively to identify high-risk patients are warranted. |
### Instruction:
Is preoperative positron emission tomography with fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose predictive of prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after resection?
### Response:
| The SUV ratio was related significantly to disease-related death as well as other predictive factors, including the number of tumors, the size, stage, and involvement of vessels, and the involvement of the capsule. Consequently, we conclude that the SUV ratio provides information of prognostic relevance in patients with HCC before surgery. |
### Instruction:
Are femur mechanical properties in the F2 progeny of an NZB/B1NJ x RF/J cross regulated predominantly by genetic loci that regulate bone geometry?
### Response:
| Genetic regulation of mechanical properties in the F(2) mice of this NZB/B1NJ x RF/J cross seems to be caused by genes regulating femur geometry. |
### Instruction:
Does aDAM12-S stimulate bone growth in transgenic mice by modulating chondrocyte proliferation and maturation?
### Response:
| ADAM12-S stimulates bone growth in mice by modulating chondrocyte proliferation and maturation through mechanisms probably involving both metalloprotease and adhesion activities. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Bcl-XL antisense oligodeoxynucleotide sensitize human esophageal cancer cell line to 5-fluorouracil ]?
### Response:
| Bcl-XL ASODN combined with 5-Fu can effectively inhibit the proliferation of esophageal cancer cells in vitro. Bcl-XL ASODN can significantly increase the sensitivity of esophageal cancer cells to 5-Fu through suppressing the expression of Bcl-XL. |
### Instruction:
Is lipid-lowering drug use associated with reduced prevalence of atrial fibrillation in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction?
### Response:
| Use of lipid-lowering drugs in patients with reduced LVEF is associated with a significant reduction in the prevalence of AF independent of the lipid profile and other known arrhythmia risk factors. This effect is larger than that of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers or beta-blockers and may be the result of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of statins and fibrates. |
### Instruction:
Are manual methods suboptimal compared with automated methods for cleaning of single-use biopsy forceps?
### Response:
| The data from this evaluation indicate that manual and sonication-only cleaning methods for biopsy forceps were totally ineffective in removing material from within the biopsy forceps. Even the use of retroflush cleaning was not totally effective. These findings suggest that in-hospital reprocessing of biopsy forceps with currently available equipment and cleaning methods is suboptimal. |
### Instruction:
Does cortex cinnamomi extract prevent streptozotocin- and cytokine-induced beta-cell damage by inhibiting NF-kappaB?
### Response:
| The molecular mechanism by which CCE inhibits iNOS gene expression appears to involve the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. These results reveal the possible therapeutic value of CCE for the prevention of diabetes mellitus progression. |
### Instruction:
Does oral hyaluronan gel reduce post operative tarsocrural effusion in the yearling Thoroughbred?
### Response:
| Oral preparations of hyaluronan are being used to treat joint disease in horse. Anecdotal reports supporting the efficacy of these preparations already exist. This study provides objective evidence that oral HA reduces joint effusion post operatively following the arthroscopic removal of an OCD lesion in the tarsocrural joint. |
### Instruction:
Is lipopolysaccharide-induced decreased protein S expression in liver cells mediated by MEK/ERK signaling and NFkappaB activation : involvement of membrane-bound CD14 and toll-like receptor-4?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that LPS-induced decreased PS expression in hepatocytes and SECs is mediated by MEK/ERK signaling and NFkappaB activation and that membrane-bound CD14 and TLR-4 are involved in this mechanism. These findings may explain in part the decreased level of plasma PS and thrombotic tendency in sepsis. |
### Instruction:
Does lipid infusion accelerate removal of bupivacaine and recovery from bupivacaine toxicity in the isolated rat heart?
### Response:
| Lipid emulsion speeds loss of bupivacaine from cardiac tissue while accelerating recovery from bupivacaine-induced asystole. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that bupivacaine partitions into the emulsion and supports the concept of a "lipid sink." However, the data do not exclude other possible mechanisms of action. |
### Instruction:
Do obese subjects respond to the stimulatory effect of the ghrelin agonist growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 on food intake?
### Response:
| The dual stimulatory effect of GHRP-2 on FI and human GH is dose dependent. Obese individuals retain their ability to respond to GHRP-2 both in terms of FI and human GH. |
### Instruction:
Do combination of fetal Doppler velocimetric resistance values predict acidemic growth-restricted neonates?
### Response:
| Compared with single-vessel assessment, combining the pulsatility indices of the umbilical artery and the pulsatility indices for the vein of the ductus venosus provides the greatest accuracy in predicting growth-restricted neonates with acidemia. |
### Instruction:
Does a command chemical trigger an innate behavior by sequential activation of multiple peptidergic ensembles?
### Response:
| Our findings offer novel insights into how a command chemical orchestrates an innate behavior by stepwise recruitment of central peptidergic ensembles. |
### Instruction:
Do risk factors before autologous stem-cell transplantation for lymphoma predict for secondary myelodysplasia and acute myelogenous leukemia?
### Response:
| These results suggest that identifiable pretransplantation factors predict for t-MDS/AML after ASCT. |
### Instruction:
Does prevalence and correlate of perineal dermatitis in nursing home residents?
### Response:
| Several correlates of perineal dermatitis (mechanical chafing, fecal and double incontinence, and use of restraints) appear modifiable through nursing intervention. Clinical interventions should consider the complex health status of this population. |
### Instruction:
Does rapamycin delays but prevent recovery from acute renal failure : role of acquired tubular resistance?
### Response:
| Rapamycin delays but does not prevent renal recovery after ARF. MPT cells become resistant to rapamycin after prolonged exposure. We speculate that the ultimate recovery of renal function after ARF is due to the development of acquired tubular cell resistance to rapamycin. |
### Instruction:
Is porcine congenital splayleg characterised by muscle fibre atrophy associated with relative rise in MAFbx and fall in P311 expression?
### Response:
| We demonstrated that PCS is a condition characterised by extensive fibre atrophy and raised fibre density, and propose that the combined differential expression of MAFbx and P311 is of potential in the diagnosis of subclinical PCS. |
### Instruction:
Does motor enrichment sustain hindlimb movement recovered after spinal cord injury and glial transplantation?
### Response:
| Transection and transplantation of SC/OEG or OEG induced recovery of hindlimb function. This recovered hindlimb movement was sustained in rats housed in MEH but was progressively lost in rats housed in BH. Because benefits of MEH were not observed until 14 weeks after injury, long-term assessment of behavior is recommended. BH conditions are not conducive to maintenance of recovered hindlimb function, and MEH should be used in studies of recovery of function following spinal cord injury. |
### Instruction:
Is the mechanism of sevoflurane-induced cardioprotection independent of the applied ischaemic stimulus in rat trabeculae?
### Response:
| PKC, mitoK+ATP and ROS are involved in sevoflurane-induced cardioprotection after HYP or MI, suggesting that the means of mitochondrial ETC inhibition does not determine the signal transduction pathway for cardioprotection by anaesthetics. |
### Instruction:
Does urinary pentosidine predict cartilage loss among subjects with symptomatic knee OA : the BOKS Study?
### Response:
| Urinary pentosidine does not predict knee cartilage loss. Previous studies have suggested that local content within cartilage of AGEs is elevated in persons at high risk for progression. Our data suggest that these changes are not measurable systemically. Alternatively, urinary pentosidine levels reflect cartilage degradation in all joints (thus whole body cartilage breakdown) and may therefore not relate to OA severity in a single knee joint. |
### Instruction:
Does rescue therapy with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil prevent deterioration of graft function in C4d-positive chronic allograft nephropathy?
### Response:
| Our data argue against the efficacy of tacrolimus/mycophenolate mofetil rescue therapy in established C4d-positive chronic allograft dysfunction. Prospective trials are needed to evaluate whether early initiation of this or other antihumoral strategies are capable of effectively preventing alloantibody-mediated chronic graft injury. |
### Instruction:
Is tamoxifen effective in good prognosis patients with hepatocellular carcinoma?
### Response:
| The recent suggestion that tamoxifen might be effective in the subgroup of patients with better prognosis is not supported by a reanalysis of the CLIP-1 trial. Tamoxifen should no longer be considered for the treatment of HCC patients and future trials of medical treatment should concentrate on different drugs. |
### Instruction:
Does desiccating stress stimulate expression of matrix metalloproteinases by the corneal epithelium?
### Response:
| Corneal dryness stimulates production of certain MMPs in a strain-dependent fashion and causes the disruption of the corneal barrier, thus increasing permeability and corneal irregularity. |
### Instruction:
Do antimicrobial endodontic compounds modulate alkylation-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in vitro?
### Response:
| Formocresol, paramonochlorophenol, and calcium hydroxide are not able to modulate alkylation-induced genotoxicity or oxidative DNA damage as depicted by the single cell gel (comet) assay. |
### Instruction:
Is fibrosis in non-cancerous tissue the unique prognostic factor for primary hepatocellular carcinoma without hepatitis B or C viral infection?
### Response:
| Histological assessment of the degree of fibrosis in the non-cancerous regions of NBNC-HCC may be useful not only for the selection of the appropriate treatment but also for the prediction of postoperative prognosis. |
### Instruction:
Do anti-high-mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 antibodies improve survival of rats with sepsis?
### Response:
| The present study demonstrates that anti-HMGB1 antibodies are effective in the treatment of severe sepsis in a rat model, thereby supporting the relevance of HMGB1 eradication therapy for severe sepsis. |
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