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### Instruction:
Do cardiac procedures in lung transplant recipients increase mortality in selected patients?
### Response:
| Patients who are otherwise deemed to be good candidates for lung transplantation but are found to have an associated cardiac condition that could adversely affect their candidacy may still be considered for transplantation in selected cases if the cardiac abnormality can be addressed either before or during transplantation. |
### Instruction:
Does comparison of symptomatic and asymptomatic atherosclerotic carotid plaque feature with in vivo MR imaging?
### Response:
| This study revealed significant differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic plaques in the same patient. |
### Instruction:
Does prostacyclin improve transcoronary myocardial delivery of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells?
### Response:
| PGI2 safely increases myocardial delivery of ADSCs, by mechanisms independent of its vasodilatory properties, with a potential for its use in cell therapy for cardiac repair. |
### Instruction:
Does type of gastrointestinal reconstruction affect postoperative recovery after pancreatic head resection?
### Response:
| Preservation of as long a portion of the duodenum as possible, the choice of a Roux-en-Y duodenojejunostomy, and the avoidance of peritoneal fixation of the gastric wall may be factors that improve the recovery of gastric motility and BW after pancreatic head resection. |
### Instruction:
Does oxygen supplementation during airway instrumentation improve intestinal barrier dysfunction?
### Response:
| The study suggests that oxygen supplementation during airway instrumentation prevents hypoxemia, intestinal damage, and bacterial translocation. |
### Instruction:
Does urinary trypsin inhibitor present in fetal urine prevent intraamniotic meconium-induced intestinal damage in gastroschisis?
### Response:
| Urinary trypsin inhibitor 100 U/mL prevented the intestinal damage via inhibiting IL-8, which is contained by 1:400 concentration of meconium. Therefore, besides the existence of threshold level of meconium, the existence of UTI, which is capable of inhibiting IL-8 contained by threshold level of meconium, may be a factor in the occurrence of intestinal damage in gastroschisis. |
### Instruction:
Does activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase contribute to the early cardiodepressant action of tumor necrosis factor?
### Response:
| Tumor necrosis factor activates p38-MAPK in the intact heart and in isolated cardiac myocytes through MKK3. This activation likely contributes to the early cardiodepressant action of TNFalpha. |
### Instruction:
Does cardiac-directed expression of adenylyl cyclase VI facilitate atrioventricular nodal conduction?
### Response:
| Cardiac-directed expression of AC(VI) facilitates AV nodal conduction without altering sinus node function. These results suggest the need to define a role for AC(VI) gene transfer in treating diseases of AV conduction. |
### Instruction:
Does ethanol activate cAMP response element-mediated gene expression in select regions of the mouse brain?
### Response:
| these results confirm and extend current concepts that ethanol stimulates cAMP-PKA signaling in brain regions involved in CNS responses to ethanol. |
### Instruction:
Do mast cells facilitate local VEGF release as an early event in the pathogenesis of postoperative peritoneal adhesions?
### Response:
| Mast cells and VEGF are central to the formation of postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions with mast cells being responsible, either directly or indirectly, for VEGF release into the peritoneal cavity after operation. In tandem with the recent clinical success of anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies in oncologic practice, our observations suggest an intriguing avenue for research and development of anti-adhesion strategy. |
### Instruction:
Is low number of examined lymph nodes in node-negative breast cancer patients an adverse prognostic factor?
### Response:
| Examination of fewer than six lymph nodes is an adverse prognostic factor in NNBC because it could lead to understaging. Six or more nodes need to be examined at axillary dissection to be confident of a node-negative status. This may be useful, in conjunction with other prognostic factors, in the assessment of NNBC patients for adjuvant systemic therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does dehydroepiandrosterone administration modulate endothelial and neutrophil adhesion molecule expression in vitro?
### Response:
| Thus, we conclude that one mechanism by which DHEA may exert its protection in animal models is via the differential regulation of adhesion molecule expression. |
### Instruction:
Is serum level of uric acid , partly secreted from the failing heart , a prognostic marker in patients with congestive heart failure?
### Response:
| High plasma UA level, partly secreted from the failing heart, is a prognostic predictor independent of BNP in patients with CHF. Monitoring a combination of BNP and UA may be useful for the management of patients with CHF. |
### Instruction:
Does the financial implications of fall in older people for an acute hospital?
### Response:
| Fall-related admissions of olderpeople are a significant financial burden to the health service. |
### Instruction:
Does coagulopathy fully protect hospitalized cirrhosis patients from peripheral venous thromboembolism?
### Response:
| Approximately 0.5% of admissions involving cirrhosis patients resulted in a new thromboembolic event. Low serum albumin was strongly predictive of increased risk for developing VTE, independent of international normalized ratio or platelet count. Serum albumin deficiency may indicate low levels of endogenous anticoagulants. |
### Instruction:
Is myocardial infarction associated with Spl binding site polymorphism of collagen type 1A1 gene?
### Response:
| Our results raise the possibility that COL1A1 gene Sp1 polymorphism might have an impact on the development of MI. |
### Instruction:
Does low dairy intake in early childhood predict excess body fat gain?
### Response:
| Suboptimal dairy intakes during preschool in this cohort were associated with greater gains in body fat throughout childhood. |
### Instruction:
Does increased leptin expression in the dorsal vagal complex suppress adiposity without affecting energy intake and metabolic hormones?
### Response:
| Increased leptin transgene expression in the DVC suppressed the time-related increase in body weight accompanied by a transient decrease in food intake at week 1 post-injection and little effect on thermogenic energy expenditure. That suppression of weight was due to decreased adiposity is shown by the markedly suppressed white adipose tissue-derived hormones, leptin and adiponectin. Circulating concentrations of pancreatic insulin, gastric ghrelin, and glucose levels were unchanged. This segregation of the varied effects of leptin expression in hypothalamic sites vs. DVC endorses the view that among the various endocrine organs under sympathetic nervous system control, only those leptin-activated neural circuits in the hypothalamus that suppress weight and adiposity on a long-term basis transverse through DVC en route to white adipose tissue. |
### Instruction:
Do proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) overexpression and microvessel density predict survival in the urinary bladder carcinoma?
### Response:
| MVD, PCNA, DNA ploidy and stage are independent prognostic factors in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. |
### Instruction:
Do pLAC1 mRNA levels in maternal blood at induction of labor correlate negatively with induction-delivery interval?
### Response:
| In induced term pregnancies, PLAC1 mRNA in maternal blood at the beginning of the treatment correlates with the time elapsed before delivery. This evidence demonstrates that the fetomaternal trafficking of nucleic acids is more consistent when the labor is about to begin. |
### Instruction:
Do inspiratory resistances facilitate the diaphragm response to transcranial stimulation in humans?
### Response:
| Inspiratory resistive breathing facilitates the diaphragm response to TMS while it does not increase the automatic drive to breathe. We interpret these findings as a neurophysiological substratum of the suprapontine nature of inspiratory load compensation in awake humans. |
### Instruction:
Does oral sodium citrate increase nausea amongst elective Cesarean delivery patients?
### Response:
| Nausea is more common during Cesarean delivery in women who receive oral sodium citrate rather than i.v. famotidine for aspiration prophylaxis. |
### Instruction:
Is a functional polymorphism in the lymphotoxin-alpha gene associated with carotid artery wall thickness : the Diabetes Heart Study?
### Response:
| The LTA 252A/G polymorphism is moderately associated with sub-clinical atherosclerosis. |
### Instruction:
Are articular tissues expressing the env-pX transgene required for generation of arthritogenic T cells in human T cell leukemia virus type I transgenic rats?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that articular tissues carrying the env-pX transgene are required for generation of arthritogenic T cells in env-pX rats. However, the constitutive antigens other than the transgene products are recognized as immunological targets by the arthritogenic T cells in the advanced arthritic joints. Molecules expressed specifically in articular tissues may be needed to maintain the inflammatory cell infiltration. |
### Instruction:
Do gABA-site antagonism and pentobarbital actions depend on the alpha-subunit type in the recombinant rat GABA receptor?
### Response:
| The GABA-site antagonism does not depend on the subtype of alpha-subunits. Similarly, pentobarbital activates ternary receptors composed of different alpha-subunits in a bicuculline-sensitive manner. The potencies of bicuculline to inhibit pentobarbital-activated currents are identical with receptors containing alpha1, alpha4 or alpha5-subunit. The alpha1beta2 and alpha4beta2 receptors possess higher GABA potencies compared with the alpha1beta2gamma2L and alpha4beta2gamma2L receptors. |
### Instruction:
Does childhood socioeconomic status predict physical functioning a half century later?
### Response:
| The social environment in which a child grows up has a strong association with midlife, objectively measured functional status, which is a reflection of the aging process and chronic diseases accumulated over the life course. Of particular interest is the role of higher maternal education in promoting high midlife functioning. |
### Instruction:
Are normotensive women with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria at high risk for macrovascular disease?
### Response:
| In our study population of normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria, female sex was associated with increased risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular disease, independent of the classical cardiovascular risk factors, the severity of nephropathy or presence of retinopathy, or health care utilization. |
### Instruction:
Does high-flow endobronchial cooled humidified air protect non-heart-beating donor rat lungs against warm ischemia?
### Response:
| High-flow endobronchial cooled humidified air can decrease lung temperature and improve post-ischemic pulmonary function and adenosine triphosphate levels in non-heart-beating donor lungs. |
### Instruction:
Is efficacy of phototherapy for neonatal jaundice increased by the use of low-cost white reflecting curtains?
### Response:
| Hanging white curtains around phototherapy units significantly increases efficacy of phototherapy in the treatment of neonatal jaundice without evidence of increased adverse effects. |
### Instruction:
Does a mixture of prebiotic oligosaccharides reduce the incidence of atopic dermatitis during the first six months of age?
### Response:
| Results show for the first time a beneficial effect of prebiotics on the development of atopic dermatitis in a high risk population of infants. Although the mechanism of this effect requires further investigation, it appears likely that oligosaccharides modulate postnatal immune development by altering bowel flora and have a potential role in primary allergy prevention during infancy. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Our approach in the treatment of exposed hydroxyapatite orbital implant ]?
### Response:
| Tarsoconjunctival pedicle flap is a safe procedure to cover the exposure of hydroxyapatite orbital implant. A limited size of the flap and the need of temporary tarsorrhaphy are the only disadvantages of the procedure. |
### Instruction:
Does unilateral pallidotomy produce motor deficits and excesses in rats?
### Response:
| Motor deficits observed after pallidotomy were similar to those reported in previous research from this and other laboratories following damage to the nigrostriatal pathway or sensorimotor cortex. Motor excesses after pallidotomy are consistent with current theories of globus pallidus function. Taken together, these data suggest hypokinetic effects of pallidotomy may be related to fibers of passage (i.e. internal capsule), while hyperkinetic effects may be related to damage of pallidal cell bodies. These data may have important clinical implications because they suggest that regardless of the state of existing pathology, pallidotomy may create unwanted behavioral side effects. |
### Instruction:
Do circulating endothelial cells demonstrate an attenuation of endothelial damage by minimizing the extracorporeal circulation?
### Response:
| Circulating endothelial cells represent a novel marker of the intrinsic endothelial damage caused by cardiopulmonary bypass. Its analysis facilitates the evaluation of cardiopulmonary bypass modifications as the minimal extracorporeal circulation system could be proven to be less injurious to endothelium and myocardium. |
### Instruction:
Does ultrasound produced by a conventional therapeutic ultrasound unit accelerate fracture repair?
### Response:
| These data indicate that ultrasound produced by a conventional therapeutic ultrasound unit as traditionally used by physical therapists may be used to facilitate fracture repair. However, careful interpretation of this controlled laboratory study is warranted until its findings are confirmed by clinical trials. |
### Instruction:
Does expression of mammalian GPCRs in C. elegans generate novel behavioural responses to human ligands?
### Response:
| Our results illustrate a remarkable evolutionary plasticity in interactions between mammalian GPCRs and C. elegans signalling machinery, spanning 800 million years of evolution. This in vivo system, which imparts novel avoidance behaviour on C. elegans, thus provides a simple means of studying and screening interaction of GPCRs with extracellular agonists, antagonists and intracellular binding partners. |
### Instruction:
Does nitric oxide block hKv1.5 channels by S-nitrosylation and by a cyclic GMP-dependent mechanism?
### Response:
| NO inhibits the hKv1.5 current by a cGMP-dependent mechanism and by the S-nitrosylation of the hKv1.5 protein, an effect that contributes to shaping the human atrial action potentials. |
### Instruction:
Is bile-reflux into the pancreatic ducts associated with the development of intraductal papillary carcinoma in hamsters?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that bile-reflux into the pancreatic ducts is a significant factor predisposing to the development of IPC of the pancreas through an acceleration of epithelial cell kinetics of the main pancreatic duct. |
### Instruction:
Does the pneumonia severity index predict time to clinical stability in patients with community-acquired pneumonia?
### Response:
| The PSI is a tool that can be used to predict time to clinical stability (i.e., time to antimicrobial switch therapy) in hospitalized patients with CAP. |
### Instruction:
Are vascular endothelial growth factor levels in post-CABG pleural effusions associated with pleural inflammation and permeability?
### Response:
| In post-CABG PEs, preferential local production of VEGF in the pleural cavity is most commonly observed a month or later after surgery. The fact that in PEs VEGF levels correlate with markers of pleural inflammation (inflammatory cells and LDH levels) and vascular hyperpermeability (protein levels) suggests that VEGF may be involved in the pathogenesis of post-CABG PEs. |
### Instruction:
Is late relapse of metastatic testicular nonseminomatous germ cell cancer : surgery needed for cure?
### Response:
| Late relapse is uncommon after modern therapy for metastatic GCTs. Surgical treatment for localized disease, where possible, is associated with prolonged disease-free and overall survival. By contrast, chemotherapy is associated with a low response rate and a poor outcome. |
### Instruction:
Do final myocardial blush grade predicts troponin I elevation in unstable angina patients undergoing percutaneous intervention?
### Response:
| Improved blush grade in UA patients undergoing PCI is associated with lower post-procedural TnI elevation. Identification of UA patients with poor final MBG may allow a window of opportunity for the administration of adjuvant therapies to improve microvascular perfusion in the future. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Local applied slow-releasing rapamycin inhibit neointima hyperplasia in vein graft ]?
### Response:
| Local delivery of slow-releasing RPM by F-127 effectively inhibits the neointima hyperplasia in vein graft by a mechanism of reducing the VSMC proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis. |
### Instruction:
Does antenatal vitamin A decrease ventilation-induced lung injury in the lamb model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
### Response:
| This is the first study to look at the effect of vitamin A on lung injury in CDH. In the lamb model of CDH, antenatal vitamin A decreases ventilation-induced lung injury. |
### Instruction:
Does atrial fibrillation predict appropriate shocks in primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patients?
### Response:
| Our study demonstrates that history of AF is associated with increased risk of appropriate shocks and cardiovascular mortality in primary prevention ICD patients with left ventricular dysfunction. |
### Instruction:
Is obesity a risk factor for transformed migraine but not chronic tension-type headache?
### Response:
| Chronic daily headache and obesity are associated. Obesity is a stronger risk factor for transformed migraine than for chronic tension-type headache. |
### Instruction:
Is cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients common?
### Response:
| Moderate to severe cognitive impairment is common and undiagnosed in hemodialysis patients. Further studies are needed to determine whether dialysis exacerbates the cognitive impairment attributable to underlying disease. Cognitive testing in hemodialysis patients before dialysis initiation and periodically may be warranted. |
### Instruction:
Does identification of root cause for emergency diagnostic imaging delays at three Canadian hospitals?
### Response:
| Both radiology and emergency department staffing considerations and workload contribute to delays in turnaround times of diagnostic imaging investigations. |
### Instruction:
Is the Hlx homeobox transcription factor required early in enteric nervous system development?
### Response:
| The Hlx homeobox transcription factor is required for early aspects of ENS development. |
### Instruction:
Does oxidative stress increase Fas ligand expression in endothelial cells?
### Response:
| Low levels of oxidative stress increase FasL expression on endothelial cells, thereby potentially reducing leukocyte extravasation and tissue damage. |
### Instruction:
Does angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype predict cardiac and autonomic responses to prolonged exercise?
### Response:
| The ACE genotype predicts the extent of reversible subclinical LV dysfunction after prolonged exercise and is associated with a differential postactivity augmentation of sympathetic nervous system function that may explain it. |
### Instruction:
Does systemic vaccination prevent the total destruction of mucosal CD4 T cells during acute SIV challenge?
### Response:
| Preservation of mucosal CD4 T cells can contribute to maintaining immune competence in mucosal tissues and provide a substantial immune benefit to the vaccinees. |
### Instruction:
Is chronic kidney disease a risk factor for cardiovascular death in a community-based population in Japan : NIPPON DATA90?
### Response:
| CKD was an independent risk factor for cardiovascular death in a community-dwelling Japanese population. |
### Instruction:
Does iron overload enhance epithelial cell proliferation in endometriotic lesions induced in a murine model?
### Response:
| Iron overload does not appear to affect lesion establishment but may contribute to the further growth of endometriosis by promoting cell proliferation of lesions. Iron chelator treatment could therefore be beneficial in endometriosis to prevent iron overload in the pelvic cavity and decrease cellular proliferation of lesions. |
### Instruction:
Is the third component of the complement ( C3 ) a marker of the risk of atherogenesis?
### Response:
| A high concentration of C3 is a marker of a profile at risk of atherogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does previous aneuploidic offspring in a young woman increase the risk for somatic random aneuploidy in subsequent pregnancies?
### Response:
| The known tendency for repeated nondisjunction shown in women with previous aneuploid babies could not be demonstrated in their offsprings. |
### Instruction:
Is optimal treatment of premature ovarian failure after treatment for Hodgkin 's lymphoma often withheld?
### Response:
| The effect of antitumor treatment for Hodgkin's lymphoma on ovarian function is age dependent (odds ratio of 1.18 per year). There is a striking inconsistency regarding the management of ovarian protection before and during antitumor treatment. Premenopausal women who undergo therapy for Hodgkin's lymphoma should be offered hormonal substitution therapy after loss of ovarian function. |
### Instruction:
Does atypical GPI-anchored T-cadherin stimulate angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo?
### Response:
| We unequivocally identify T-cad as a novel modulator of angiogenesis and suggest that this molecule can be exploited as a target for modulation of therapeutic angiogenesis, as well as for prevention of pathological conditions associated with abnormal neovascularization. |
### Instruction:
Is cognitive dysfunction associated with poor diabetes control in older adults?
### Response:
| Older adults with diabetes have a high risk of undiagnosed cognitive dysfunction, depression, and functional disabilities. Cognitive dysfunction in this population is associated with poor diabetes control. |
### Instruction:
Do decision-making and technical factors account for the learning curve in complex surgery?
### Response:
| The main components of the learning curve were considered to be decision-making and technical factors. A mechanism to reduce the surgical learning curve is suggested involving teamwork, and at least two experienced surgeons involved in all major surgical interventions. Decision-making and technical factors account for the learning curve in complex surgery. |
### Instruction:
Do beta3 integrin and Src facilitate transforming growth factor-beta mediated induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in mammary epithelial cells?
### Response:
| We show that beta3 integrin alters TGF-beta signaling in MECs via Src-mediated TbetaR-II tyrosine phosphorylation, which significantly enhanced the ability of TGF-beta to induce EMT and invasion. Our findings suggest that beta3 integrin interdiction strategies may represent an innovative approach to re-establishing TGF-beta mediated tumor suppression in progressing human breast cancers. |
### Instruction:
Does estrogenic microenvironment generated by organochlorine residues in adipose mammary tissue modulate biomarker expression in ERalpha-positive breast carcinomas?
### Response:
| The present results support the hypothesis that organochlorine residues in adipose tissue adjacent to breast carcinoma generate an estrogenic microenvironment that may influence the biological behavior of the tumor through ERalpha activation and ERalpha-dependent proliferation. These findings may have therapeutic implications, since interference between organochlorine compounds and hormonal therapy could be expected to occur. |
### Instruction:
Does covering the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( PEG ) tube prevent peristomal infection?
### Response:
| These results suggest that covering the PEG tube, with or without providing antibiotic therapy, may prevent peristomal infection in spite of the presence of oropharyngeal bacterial flora after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. |
### Instruction:
Is preoperative statin therapy associated with reduced cardiac mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery?
### Response:
| Preoperative statin use is associated with reduced cardiac mortality after primary, elective coronary artery bypass grafting. Postoperative statin discontinuation is associated with increased in-hospital mortality. Although further randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings, these data suggest the importance of perioperative statin administration. |
### Instruction:
Is plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and not 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D associated with parathyroid adenoma secretion in primary hyperparathyroidism : a cross-sectional study?
### Response:
| In this material, low levels of 25OHD were related to higher levels of P-PTH and higher PTH:AW ratios in patients with PHPT suggesting that vitamin D deficiency increase PTH secretion activity. Neither PTH secretion nor AW was associated with circulating levels of 1,25(OH)2D. |
### Instruction:
Is thigh intermuscular fat inversely associated with spontaneous GH release in post-menopausal women with abdominal obesity?
### Response:
| In post-menopausal women with abdominal obesity, pulsatile GH secretion demonstrated an independent, negative association with thigh IMAT, whereas basal GH secretion showed an independent, negative association with VAT. These findings suggest that the neuroendocrine association between fat mass and somatotropic axis is depot-dependent. We have identified thigh IMAT to be important in this interplay. |
### Instruction:
Are extrahepatic tissue concentrations of vitamin K lower in rats fed a high vitamin E diet?
### Response:
| There appears to be a tissue-specific interaction between vitamins E and K when vitamin E is supplemented in rat diets. Future research is required to elucidate the mechanism for this nutrient-nutrient interaction. |
### Instruction:
Does infection with a periodontal pathogen induce procoagulant effects in human aortic endothelial cells?
### Response:
| Taken together these data demonstrate for the first time that infection with a periodontal pathogen induces procoagulant responses in HAEC. |
### Instruction:
Does glucagon-like peptide 2 stimulate intestinal nutrient absorption in parenterally fed newborn pigs?
### Response:
| Providing GLP-2 to neonates receiving TPN prevents small intestine atrophy, results in small intestine absorptive capacities that are comparable to when nutrients are provided enterally and may accelerate the transition from TPN to enteral nutrition. |
### Instruction:
Do early versus delayed enteral nutrition support for burn injuries?
### Response:
| This systematic review has not found sufficient evidence to support or refute the effectiveness of early versus late enteral nutrition support in adults with burn injury. The trials showed some promising results that would suggest early enteral nutrition support may blunt the hypermetabolic response to thermal injury, but this is insufficient to provide clear guidelines for practice. Further research incorporating larger sample sizes and rigorous methodology that utilises valid and reliable outcome measures, is essential. |
### Instruction:
Are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase gene expressions significantly correlated in human colorectal cancer?
### Response:
| In conclusion, our data demonstrated a close relationship between PPARgamma and SSAT in human colorectal cancer and this could represent an attempt to decrease polyamine levels and to reduce cell growth and tumour development. Therefore, pharmacological activation of PPARgamma and/or induction of SSAT may represent a therapeutic or preventive strategy for treating colorectal cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is surgical and palliative management and outcome in 184 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma : palliative photodynamic therapy plus stenting comparable to r1/r2 resection?
### Response:
| Only complete tumor resection, including hepatic resection, enables long-term survival for patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Palliative PDT and subsequent stenting resulted in longer survival than stenting alone and has a similar survival time compared with incomplete R1 and R2 resection. However, these improvements in palliative treatment by PDT will not change the concept of an aggressive resectional approach. |
### Instruction:
Does leukocyte-derived inducible nitric oxide synthase mediate murine postoperative ileus?
### Response:
| These results clearly show that iNOS expressed in leukocytes within the intestinal muscularis plays a major role in mediating smooth muscle dysfunction and subsequently postoperative ileus. |
### Instruction:
Does cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta42/phosphorylated tau ratio discriminate between Alzheimer 's disease and vascular dementia?
### Response:
| Our results support further efforts to prospectively validate the use of Q Abeta42/p-tau as a biomarker to discriminate between AD and VaD. |
### Instruction:
Does ginkgolide B induce apoptosis and developmental injury in mouse embryonic stem cells and blastocysts?
### Response:
| Our results reveal for the first time that ginkgolide B retards the proliferation and development of mouse ESCs and blastocysts in vitro and causes developmental injury in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Is vitamin D-binding protein ( DBP ) gene polymorphism associated with Graves ' disease and the vitamin D status in a Polish population study?
### Response:
| (i) The DBP gene Lys allele at codon 420 confers susceptibility to GD in the Polish population, (ii) the codon 416 alleles and intron 8 (TAAA)N variants are not associated with susceptibility to and clinical phenotype of GD, and (iii) the codon 420 Lys allele correlates with lower 25(OH)D3 serum concentration. |
### Instruction:
Are mitogenic and apoptotic actions of epidermal growth factor on neuroblastoma cells concentration-dependent?
### Response:
| Neuroblastoma cell growth induced by EGF exhibited a triphasic pattern; cell growth was increased at EGF concentrations 5-20 and 150-250 ng/mL, but decreased at 50-100 mg/mL. Apoptosis was induced at 50-100 ng/mL EGF. Each growth phase activated different signaling molecules. |
### Instruction:
Does estrogen treatment enhance nitric oxide bioavailability in normotensive but not hypertensive rats?
### Response:
| The inability of estrogen to improve endothelial function in SHRSP may relate to a defect in eNOS activation pathways in this hypertensive rat strain. |
### Instruction:
Are in-stent restenosis and remote coronary lesion progression coupled in cardiac transplant vasculopathy but not in native coronary artery disease?
### Response:
| Progression of CAV at non-intervened segments and ISR correlate strongly and share common histopathology. Optimized treatment for patients with aggressive CAV needs to address the widespread nature of this disease, even when it presents as an initially focal lesion. |
### Instruction:
Is atMND1 required for homologous pairing during meiosis in Arabidopsis?
### Response:
| We conclude that AtMND1 is required for homologous pairing and is likely to play a role in the repair of DNA double strand breaks during meiosis in Arabidopsis, thus showing conservation of function with that of MND1 during meiosis in yeast. |
### Instruction:
Is aerobic exercise necessary to improve glucose utilization with moderate weight loss in women?
### Response:
| Intramuscular fat decreases similarly with 6 months of moderate WL alone or with aerobic exercise in postmenopausal women. In contrast, only WL combined with exercise results in increased glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity. These findings should be validated in a larger population. |
### Instruction:
Are acetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis associated with greater risk of diabetes and thyroid disease?
### Response:
| AChRAb and SPMG impart not only a distinctive clinical and electrophysiological phenotype of MG, but are also associated with the heightened presence of endocrinological disease. |
### Instruction:
Does close approximation of two platelet factor 4 tetramers by charge neutralization form the antigens recognized by HIT antibodies?
### Response:
| HIT antigens are formed when charge neutralization by polyanion allows positively charged PF4 tetramers to undergo close approximation. Whereas such a model could explain why all 3 polyanions form antibodies with similar specificities, the striking differences in the relative size and amount of complexes formed likely correspond to the observed differences in immunogenicity (UFH>LMWH approximately fondaparinux) and clinically relevant cross-reactivity (UFH>LMWH>>fondaparinux). |
### Instruction:
Does e-cadherin expression pattern in primary colorectal carcinomas and their metastases reflect disease outcome?
### Response:
| Examination of E-cadherin expression and distribution in colorectal tumors can be extremely valuable in predicting disease recurrence. The observation that aberrant cytoplasmic expression of E-cadherin can predict disease recurrence is obviously of great importance for both patients and clinicians, and significantly affects decisions concerning the therapy and management of the patients. |
### Instruction:
Is mechanism of T cell hyporesponsiveness to HBcAg associated with regulatory T cells in chronic hepatitis B?
### Response:
| The results indicate that the mechanism of T cell hyporesponsiveness to HBcAg includes activation of HBcAg-induced regulatory T cells in contrast to an increase in TH2-committed cells in response to HBsAg. |
### Instruction:
Are falls of the elderly associated with burden of caregivers in the community?
### Response:
| Among the community-dwelling frail elderly, falls are associated with caregiver burden even when controlling for various possible confounding factors. |
### Instruction:
Is the routine use of oxytocin after oral misoprostol for labour induction in women with an unfavourable cervix of benefit?
### Response:
| There was no benefit of routine addition of oxytocin after two doses of misoprostol. Reduced oxytocin requirement was observed when it was added only if needed. Both regimens achieved 85-87% vaginal deliveries with low incidence of hypercontractility. |
### Instruction:
Does doppler echocardiography markedly underestimate left ventricular stroke work loss in severe aortic valve stenosis?
### Response:
| In AS, echocardiography gives a biased estimate of LV SWL with marked underestimation in severe disease. Echocardiographic SWL may confuse rather than improve the assessment of AS in clinical practice. |
### Instruction:
Does downstaging of T or N predict long-term survival after preoperative chemotherapy and radical resection for esophageal carcinoma?
### Response:
| Patients who experience downstaging of T or N after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical surgical resection for esophageal carcinoma have a significantly higher survival rate compared with those who do not experience downstaging. This enhanced survival is comparable to survival rates reported in complete pathologic responders after neoadjuvant chemoradiation. |
### Instruction:
Does systemic anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody administration safely enhance immunity in murine glioma without eliminating regulatory T cells?
### Response:
| Systemic anti-CD25 administration does not entirely eliminate T(regs) but does prevent T(reg) function. This leads to safe enhancement of tumor immunity in a murine glioma model that recapitulates the tumor-induced changes to the CD4 and T(reg) compartments seen in patients with malignant glioma. |
### Instruction:
Is mUC4 a novel prognostic factor of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma?
### Response:
| MUC4 expression in EHBDC is a new independent factor for poor prognosis and predicts the outcome of patients with EHBDC. |
### Instruction:
Is combined ultrasound and isotope scanning more informative in the diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism than single scanning?
### Response:
| Isotope scanning was superior to ultrasound in the detection of ectopic tissue. However, ultrasound detected tissue that was not visualised on isotope scanning, and showed abnormalities of thyroid volume and morphology. We would therefore advocate dual scanning in newborns with TSH elevation as each modality provides different information. |
### Instruction:
Is timing of adequate antibiotic therapy a greater determinant of outcome than are TNF and IL-10 polymorphisms in patients with sepsis?
### Response:
| This study emphasizes that prompt and adequate antibiotic therapy is the cornerstone of therapy in sepsis. The three polymorphisms evaluated in the present study appear not to influence the outcome of patients admitted to the hospital with sepsis. |
### Instruction:
Does co-evolution of transcription factors and their targets depend on mode of regulation?
### Response:
| We demonstrate that the mode of regulation exerted by transcription factors has a strong effect on their evolution. Repressors co-evolve tightly with their target genes. In contrast, activators can be lost independently of their targets. In fact, loss of an activator can lead to efficient shutdown of an unnecessary pathway. |
### Instruction:
Do vEGF and angiopoietin-1 stimulate different angiogenic phenotypes that combine to enhance functional neovascularization in adult tissue?
### Response:
| Ang-1 and VEGF use different physiological mechanisms to enhance neovascularization of relatively avascular tissue. Administration of both growth factors combines these physiological mechanisms to give greater enhancement of neovascularization than either growth factor alone. These results suggest that effective revascularization therapy may require combination growth factor treatment. |
### Instruction:
Is maintenance of heterogeneity of capillary spacing essential for adequate oxygenation in the soleus muscle of the growing rat?
### Response:
| Angiogenesis during normal muscle growth does not maintain CD, but with similar heterogeneity of capillary spacing it preserves the potential for adequate intramuscular oxygenation. |
### Instruction:
Do glucocorticoids inhibit the cerebral microvascular dysfunction associated with sepsis in obese mice?
### Response:
| Low-dose glucocorticoid therapy is beneficial in experimental sepsis in obese animals compared to lean animals. |
### Instruction:
Does vEGF trap abolish shear stress- and overload-dependent angiogenesis in skeletal muscle?
### Response:
| VEGF is required for both models of angiogenesis, although some morphological changes lie upstream, or are independent of, VEGF involvement. The abolition of angiogenesis in a model unaffected by NO inhibition shows that NO is not required for all VEGF-dependent angiogenesis in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Does short-term adalimumab therapy improve endo-thelial function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis refractory to infliximab?
### Response:
| Our study confirms that short-term adalimumab therapy yields an active and positive effect on endothelial function in long-standing RA patients with severe disease. This observation emphasizes the potential role of the TNF-alpha blockade in the mechanisms implicated in the development of atherogenesis in RA. |
### Instruction:
Does alpha-tocopherol supplementation reduce the elevated 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine blood levels induced by training in basketball players?
### Response:
| alpha-Te supplementation may reduce DNA oxidation induced by training by protecting muscle cell "death" from glutamate entry and/or by elevation of TAS via amelioration of lipid peroxidation. |
### Instruction:
Is poor prognosis indicated by nucleated red blood cells in peripheral blood associated with organ failure of the liver or kidney?
### Response:
| The detection of NRBCs in blood of surgical intensive care patients is of prognostic power with regard to patient mortality. This prognostic significance of NRBCs was independent of some clinical and other laboratory risk parameters. The appearance of NRBCs in blood was not associated with kidney failure or lesion of the liver. |
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