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### Instruction:
Does autologous transplantation of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells attenuate monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats?
### Response:
| Autologous bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cell transplantation effectively ameliorates MCT-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. |
### Instruction:
Do beta-blockers have a beneficial effect upon endothelial function and microalbuminuria in African-American subjects with diabetes and hypertension?
### Response:
| Our results clearly indicate that addition of beta-blockers to ACEI improves EF and reduces UAE in high-risk AA T2DM patients with PMA. Carvedilol but not metoprolol improves EF and reduces UAE in AA with identical BP control. Larger trials are needed to further elucidate the differential effects of carvedilol/metoprolol on EF and UAE and its impact on CVE in such patients. |
### Instruction:
Does angiotensin II enhance EGF receptor expression levels via ROS formation in HaCaT cells?
### Response:
| These results suggest that Ang II enhances the cell proliferation and EGFR expression via superoxide production under the regulation of NO in HaCaT cells, implying that Ang II may regulate the proliferation, differentiation and tumorigenesis of the epidermis by harmonizing the superoxide and NO production. |
### Instruction:
Does morphine do no promote esophageal carcinogenesis in rats exposed to diethylnitrosamine?
### Response:
| These results show that the morphine did not promote esophageal carcinogenesis and may have stimulated the hepatic metabolism of the first pass of the carcinogen. |
### Instruction:
Does vascular endothelial growth factor-165 gene therapy promote cardiomyogenesis in reperfused myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| IM VEGF-165 gene therapy promotes cardiomyogenesis in reperfused MI. However, no benefit in infarct size or cardiac function was observed at 4 weeks. The origin of these cells remains unknown and needs to be determined. |
### Instruction:
Does orexigenic hormone ghrelin attenuate local and remote organ injury after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that ghrelin attenuates excessive inflammation and reduces organ injury after gut I/R through activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. |
### Instruction:
Does matrine inhibit invasiveness and metastasis of human malignant melanoma cell line A375 in vitro?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that matrine inhibits the invasiveness and metastasis of A375 cells in vitro. The mechanisms may be linked to the inhibition of cellular proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and downregulation of heparanase mRNA and protein expression. |
### Instruction:
Does vitamin D inhibit myometrial and leiomyoma cell proliferation in vitro?
### Response:
| Both myometrial and leiomyoma cell growth in vitro was effectively inhibited by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). Vitamin D may play a role in the growth of uterine leiomyomas. |
### Instruction:
Does addition of rituximab to chop increase the risk of cardiotoxicity in patients with non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma?
### Response:
| Both CHOP and R-CHOP cause diastolic dysfunction in the early period following their administration. The addition of rituximab to CHOP chemotherapy does not significantly increase the risk of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity during this period. |
### Instruction:
Are changes in retinal thickness correlated with alterations of electroretinogram in eyes with central retinal artery occlusion?
### Response:
| Measurement of retinal thickness by OCT can be useful for monitoring the changes following CRAO. The correlation between the retinal thickness, especially inner layer thickness, and the ERG components was determined, suggesting that the PhNR in the acute phase might be a good indicator for predicting the thinning of the damaged retina in the chronic phase. |
### Instruction:
Does identification of key climatic factors regulating the transport of pesticides in leaching and to tile drain?
### Response:
| Numerous climatic characteristics influenced pesticide loss, including the amount of precipitation as well as the timing of rainfall and extreme events in relation to application date. Information regarding the relative influence of the climatic characteristics evaluated here can support the development of a climatic zonation for European-scale risk assessment for pesticide fate. |
### Instruction:
Does predictors and correlate of edentulism in the healthy old people in Edinburgh ( HOPE ) study?
### Response:
| In healthy older people, edentulism is associated with relative impairment of cognitive ability, although this association is explained by the fact that lower original intelligence predisposes to edentulism and poorer performance on cognitive tests in old age. Once original intelligence is adjusted for, tooth loss is not related to cognitive ability. Tooth loss is, however, associated with poorer status across a wide range of health measures: physical health, nutrition, disability and self-esteem. Establishing the degree to which these health outcomes are causally related to edentulism could usefully be factored into cost-benefit analyses of programmes designed to prevent tooth loss. |
### Instruction:
Does aPC mutation spectrum in ileoanal pouch polyps resemble that of colorectal polyps?
### Response:
| Tissue environment appears to influence the position of the 'second hit' in pouch polyps and the mutations resemble those of large bowel polyps. |
### Instruction:
Does colony-stimulating factor-1 transfection of myoblasts improve the repair of failing myocardium following autologous myoblast transplantation?
### Response:
| Autologous intramyocardial transplantation of CSF-1 overexpressing myoblasts might be a novel strategy in the treatment of ischaemia-induced heart failure. |
### Instruction:
Does vitamin D receptor polymorphism ( -1056 Taq-I ) interact with smoking for the presence and progression of periodontitis?
### Response:
| Vitamin D receptor Taq-I TT polymorphism was moderately associated with both the presence and the progression of periodontitis in smokers, while no association was detected in non-smoking individuals. VDR genetic factors may interact with smoking in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. |
### Instruction:
Does the lung-to-thorax transverse area ratio at term and near term correlate with survival in isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
### Response:
| In fetuses with isolated CDH at term or near term, the L/T ratio may be a better predictor of outcome than the L/H ratio or liver herniation. |
### Instruction:
Is stent implantation effective treatment of vascular stenosis in young infants with congenital heart disease : acute implantation and long-term follow-up results?
### Response:
| Stent implantation in infants is safe and effective. Serial redilation is possible to keep pace with somatic growth; however, efforts should be made to implant stents with adult diameter potential in children who will not require further cardiac surgery. Implantation of small- and medium-sized stents can provide effective palliation and should be considered in carefully selected infants who will ultimately require future surgery. |
### Instruction:
Is tRIB3 R84 variant associated with impaired insulin-mediated nitric oxide production in human endothelial cells?
### Response:
| Our data demonstrate that the TRIB3 R84 variant impairs insulin signaling and NO production in human endothelial cells. This finding provides a plausible biological background for the deleterious role of TRIB3 R84 on genetic susceptibility to coronary artery disease. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of mineralocorticoid receptors with eplerenone alleviate short-term cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity in conscious rats?
### Response:
| MR blockade by EPL prevented short-term alterations in GFR, RBF and hypertension associated with CsA nephrotoxicity. We conclude that the aldosterone-MR pathway contributes markedly to the renal toxicity induced by this calcineurin inhibitor. |
### Instruction:
Are polymorphisms in the brain-specific thyroid hormone transporter OATP1C1 associated with fatigue and depression in hypothyroid patients?
### Response:
| OATP1C1 polymorphisms are associated with fatigue and depression, but do not explain differences in neurocognitive functioning or appreciation of LT4-LT3 combination therapy. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings. |
### Instruction:
Does mRI estimation of total renal volume demonstrate significant association with healthy donor weight?
### Response:
| Body weight was the physical characteristic which demonstrated the strongest correlation with renal volume in healthy subjects. Given this finding, a formula was derived for estimating the TRV for a given patient based on the his or her weight: TRV = 2.96 x weight (kg) + 113+/-64. |
### Instruction:
Does incidence of postoperative infections in non-immunocompromised pediatric patients with low absolute neutrophil count preoperatively?
### Response:
| There was a postoperative surgical site infection rate of 3.0% in non-immunocompromised children who had a preoperative ANC < or = 1,000, similar to the overall surgical site infection rate in children. Cancellation of elective procedures in non-immunocompromised children with ANC < or = 1,000 is not warranted on the grounds of concern about postoperative infection. |
### Instruction:
Is procalcitonin a valuable prognostic marker in ARDS caused by community-acquired pneumonia?
### Response:
| PCT analysed within 72 h of the onset of ARDS predicted mortality of patients with ARDS caused by severe CAP. |
### Instruction:
Do broad-spectrum sunscreens provide better protection from solar ultraviolet-simulated radiation and natural sunlight-induced immunosuppression in human beings?
### Response:
| These results have been obtained after repeated exposure. Additional experiments obtained under acute exposure are in progress. |
### Instruction:
Is coronary artery bypass surgery in patients with acute coronary syndromes difficult to predict?
### Response:
| It is difficult to predict those high-risk patients with ACS who will undergo surgical revascularization based on baseline clinical characteristics. |
### Instruction:
Do albumin levels predict survival in patients with systolic heart failure?
### Response:
| Hypoalbuminemia is common in HF and is independently associated with increased risk of death in HF. Further investigation of pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying hypoalbuminemia in HF is warranted. |
### Instruction:
Is ventricular fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with increased fractionation of paced right ventricular electrograms?
### Response:
| Patients with HCM who are at risk of sudden death have increased dispersion and inhomogeneity of intraventricular conduction, and this may create the conditions for reentry and arrhythmogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Is furosemide-induced natriuresis augmented by ultra-low-dose captopril but not by standard doses of captopril in chronic heart failure?
### Response:
| We propose that in the face of furosemide-induced postglomerular vasodilatation in chronic heart failure, captopril at a starting dose of 1 mg (but not 25 mg) preserves enough circulating angiotensin II to maintain efferent arteriolar tone and thus glomerular filtration, while offsetting the antinatriuretic renal tubular effects of angiotensin II. |
### Instruction:
Are fetal breathing movements in oligohydramnios increased by aminoinfusion?
### Response:
| This study suggests that restitution of amniotic fluid volume in human pregnancies complicated by severe oligohydramnios does not acutely alter the incidence of FBM. These data support an increasing literature suggesting that impairment of fetal breathing is not the mechanism for oligohydramnios-related pulmonary hypoplasia. |
### Instruction:
Does synthetic surfactant replacement therapy decrease estimated pulmonary artery pressure in respiratory distress syndrome?
### Response:
| Synthetic surfactant replacement therapy in infants with respiratory distress syndrome induces a significant, but transient decrease in systolic pulmonary artery pressure with no effect on the ductal shunt. |
### Instruction:
Is the natural killer activity of peritoneal fluid lymphocytes decreased in women with endometriosis?
### Response:
| The NK activity is decreased in women with endometriosis and correlated significantly with the severity of the disease in both the PB and PF of women with endometriosis. |
### Instruction:
Is [ The response of the growth hormone to acute effort a function of training ]?
### Response:
| These results suggest that the response of the growth hormone to exercise is a function of maximum oxygen consumption although this only explains 24% of the variants of the growth hormone. Despite important hormonal and metabolic mobilization during exercise, no model of multiple regression has been found which substantially improves the association found between the growth hormone and maximum oxygen consumption. |
### Instruction:
Is the serum-ascites albumin gradient superior to the exudate-transudate concept in the differential diagnosis of ascites?
### Response:
| The exudate-transudate concept should be discarded in the classification of ascites. The serum-ascites albumin gradient is far more useful than the AFTP as a marker for portal hypertension, but the latter remains a useful adjunct in the differential diagnosis of ascites. |
### Instruction:
Do mercuric chloride-treated brown Norway rats develop widespread tissue injury including necrotizing vasculitis?
### Response:
| We have identified a syndrome induced by mercuric chloride in BN rats in which there is evidence of tissue injury in many organs, with some features in common with graft-versus-host disease. There is also necrotizing leucocytoclastic vasculitis affecting the gut, and the importance of this is enhanced by the description in the accompanying paper of autoantibodies similar to those found in human systemic vasculitis. Our observations strengthen the analogies between this model and human autoimmune disease. |
### Instruction:
Does sequential assay of human milk immunoglobulins show a predominance of lambda chains?
### Response:
| This study indicates that milk immunoglobulins use an unusual partition of light chains, especially in IgA. |
### Instruction:
Does prophylactic lymph node dissection in patients with advanced gastric cancer promote increased survival time?
### Response:
| Because the postoperative mortality rate is low in patients with lymph node dissection, the authors advocate prophylactic lymph node dissection to prevent a recurrence. |
### Instruction:
Do growth hormone and insulin combine to improve whole-body and skeletal muscle protein kinetics?
### Response:
| r-hGH and insulin in the presence of amino acids and glucose combine to improve whole-body and skeletal muscle protein kinetics. |
### Instruction:
Does growth hormone attenuate the abnormal distribution of body water in critically ill surgical patients?
### Response:
| GH administration prevents ECW retention and stabilizes or normalizes fluid distribution during critical illness. Taken together with its known anabolic effects under these conditions, the maintenance of ICW demonstrates that GH can be used to preserve BCM in complex surgical patients. |
### Instruction:
Does indomethacin promote germinal matrix microvessel maturation in the newborn beagle pup?
### Response:
| These data suggest that indomethacin may stimulate basement membrane deposition in the germinal matrix microvessels of newborn beagle pups to prevent germinal matrix and/or intraventricular hemorrhage. |
### Instruction:
Do the effect of erythropoietin in normal healthy volunteers and pediatric patients with burn injuries?
### Response:
| rEPO therapy offers the potential to increase red blood cell production in surgical patients. Failure to provide iron supplementation in patients receiving rEPO can lead to a rapid depletion of iron stores and may contribute to an immune dysfunction. |
### Instruction:
Is lOPP alternating with EVAP superior to LOPP alone in the initial treatment of advanced Hodgkin 's disease : results of a British National Lymphoma Investigation trial?
### Response:
| These results indicate that LOPP and EVAP is superior to LOPP alone as initial treatment for advanced Hodgkin's disease. |
### Instruction:
Is postischaemic hypercontraction enhanced in ischaemically injured canine myocardium?
### Response:
| Exaggeration of postischaemic hypercontraction in ischaemically injured myocardium may be mediated by a trans-sarcolemmal calcium flux. Changes in calcium flux may play a role in the pathogenesis of this phenomenon in the normal myocardium. |
### Instruction:
Does whole body heat stress fail to limit infarct size in the reperfused rabbit heart?
### Response:
| No protective effect of heat stress could be seen when infarct size was used as the end point. Either the protection seen in earlier studies using the Krebs perfused isolated heart model does not accurately reflect protection against myocardial infarction, or heat stress itself may induce injurious factors in the blood which will negate any direct protective effect to the myocardium in this model. |
### Instruction:
Does a phospholipase C inhibitor ameliorate postischemic neuronal damage in rats?
### Response:
| It is suggested that the activation of phospholipase C has an important role in postischemic delayed neuronal damage. |
### Instruction:
Is the appearance of one-pronuclear human oocytes associated with a better ovulation-induction response and successful pregnancy outcome?
### Response:
| Although there was an increase in the clinical and ongoing-livebirth pregnancy rates (PRs) in one-pronuclear patients, this was probably associated with an improved ovulation-induction response in the one-pronuclear patients. They achieved significantly higher E2 levels, recruited a larger number of follicles, and yielded more oocytes and embryos per retrieval than the control patients. When only the LA/hMG, E2 greater than or equal to 1,500 pg/mL, or the greater than or equal to 15 oocytes/case retrievals were analyzed, the PRs were no longer different; however, the one-pronuclear patients still yielded significantly more total and mature oocytes per retrieval than the controls. Therefore, the appearance of one-pronuclear oocytes is probably associated with the maturation stage of the oocytes obtained and is indicative of an ovulation induction in which a large number of preovulatory, metaphase II oocytes have been recruited. |
### Instruction:
Are international trends in the incidence of bone cancer related to drinking water fluoridation?
### Response:
| The mortality/incidence ratio, but not the incidence rate (IR), has dropped sharply since then, which erodes the basis of past inferences relating cancer mortality to fluoridation. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Cerebral Doppler measurements in risk newborn infants have a prognostic value ]?
### Response:
| Cerebral doppler seems to be of little value to determine the prognosis of newborns at risk. |
### Instruction:
Does alpha-Fluoromethylhistidine but not diphenhydramine prevent motion-induced emesis in the cat?
### Response:
| The failure of diphenhydramine to prevent motion sickness was unexpected. This may reflect the route of administration or the animal model studied. Depletion of histamine with fluoromethylhistidine prevented motion sickness in cats. Our results suggest that this drug may provide a very long duration of protection in cats. |
### Instruction:
Does severe right ventricular pressure loading in fetal sheep augment global myocardial blood flow to submaximal levels?
### Response:
| The fetal RV sensitivity to acute pressure loading is not associated with limitation of MBF. The fetal myocardium has a remarkable flow reserve that allows for preservation of function during acute increases in arterial pressure. |
### Instruction:
Is sweeping of the membranes an effective method of induction of labour in prolonged pregnancy : a report of a randomized trial?
### Response:
| Sweeping of the membranes is an effective method of induction of labour in women with prolonged pregnancy. |
### Instruction:
Does lack of variation in venous tone potentiate vasovagal syncope?
### Response:
| The venous response was different in the syncopal patients. The lack of response of the peripheral venous circulation to changes in the central circulation may be responsible for triggering the Bezold-Jarisch reflex and malignant vasovagal syncope. |
### Instruction:
Does chronic reduction of myocardial ischemia attenuate coronary collateral development in miniswine?
### Response:
| We conclude that growth and development of the coronary collateral circulation measured functionally during exercise at 90% of maximal heart rate is unrelated to the extent and duration of myocardial ischemia in this model. |
### Instruction:
Do human embryos produce transforming growth factors alpha activity and insulin-like growth factors II?
### Response:
| Transforming growth factor alpha activity and IGF-II are produced by human embryos in culture at a time when they could play a role in morula to blastocyst transformation. |
### Instruction:
Does recombinant apolipoprotein A-I Milano reduce intimal thickening after balloon injury in hypercholesterolemic rabbits?
### Response:
| Apo A-I M significantly reduced intimal thickening and macrophage content after balloon injury in cholesterol-fed rabbits without a change in arterial total cholesterol content. Although the precise mechanism of action remains to be defined, these findings are consistent with a direct vascular effect of apo A-I, which could have potential therapeutic implications. |
### Instruction:
Is cytomegalovirus infection-enhanced allograft arteriosclerosis prevented by DHPG prophylaxis in the rat?
### Response:
| We consider it likely that DHPG inhibits arteriosclerotic alterations primarily by reducing the infectious virus and thereby the inflammatory response in the allograft vascular wall; another possibility is a direct antiproliferative effect on smooth muscle cell replication. A dose-dependent inhibitory effect of DHPG on smooth muscle cell replication was recorded in an in vitro study. |
### Instruction:
Does fibrin-targeted recombinant hirudin inhibit fibrin deposition on experimental clots more efficiently than recombinant hirudin?
### Response:
| Fibrin-targeted hirudin (in comparison with unmodified hirudin) significantly reduces fibrin deposition on the surface of experimental clots. |
### Instruction:
Does gallbladder emptying determine early gallstone clearance after shock-wave lithotripsy?
### Response:
| Gallbladder emptying is a major determinant of early gallstone clearance after lithotripsy. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Electroacupuncture promote the regeneration of different fibers in rat 's tibial nerve ]?
### Response:
| (1) EA promote the regeneration of three or more kinds of fibers in tibial nerve; (2) The regeneration velocity of sensory fibers was faster than sympathetic and somatic efferent fibers. |
### Instruction:
Does pseudocyst drainage predispose to infection when pancreatic necrosis is unrecognized?
### Response:
| When a pancreatic pseudocyst occurs in association with pancreatic necrosis, radiological and endoscopic decompression should not be attempted. |
### Instruction:
Does ginkgo biloba extract ( EGb 761 ) improve postischemic function in isolated preconditioned working rat hearts?
### Response:
| We have demonstrated that EGb 761 can improve contractile function after global ischemia in the isolated working rat heart by reducing the formation of oxygen free radicals, and we have shown that this protection is additive to that of ischemia-induced preconditioning. |
### Instruction:
Is vagally mediated heart rate recovery after exercise accelerated in athletes but blunted in patients with chronic heart failure?
### Response:
| The T30 value could be a specific index for vagally mediated heart rate recovery. Vagally mediated heart rate recovery after exercise is accelerated in well trained athletes but blunted in patients with chronic heart failure. |
### Instruction:
Is metabolic control altered when using indwelling catheters for insulin injections?
### Response:
| The long- and short-term metabolic control of IDDM was not altered by the use of indwelling catheters for insulin injections. Insuflon can be offered as an alternative to patients with IDDM who find regular injections uncomfortable. |
### Instruction:
Is caffeine consumption associated with decreased severe late toxicity after radiation to the pelvis?
### Response:
| This investigation is supportive of previous studies showing a radioprotective effect for pentoxifylline, and suggests that the mechanisms of radioprotection may be common to methylxanthines as a drug class. |
### Instruction:
Does fludarabine improve the therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy in mouse tumors after single-dose irradiation?
### Response:
| The data presented here demonstrate that fludarabine can potentiate local tumor control induced by single-dose irradiation. While jejunum sensitization limited the relative effectiveness when fludarabine was administered 3 h before irradiation, a therapeutic ratio greater than one was always achieved when fludarabine was given 24 h before irradiation. |
### Instruction:
Does exocrine hyperstimulation but not pancreatic duct obstruction increase the susceptibility to alcohol-related pancreatic injury?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that the pathogenesis of acute alcoholic pancreatitis may require a state of exocrine hyperstimulation, perhaps via cholecystokinin, but do not support a role for constriction or obstruction of Oddi's sphincter. |
### Instruction:
Are immunologic marker paths for seroconversion : single determinations of immunoglobulin A and beta 2-microglobulin adequate to estimate time of HIV infection . Multicohort Analysis Project Workshop . Part II?
### Response:
| Further study of how serum IgA reflects HIV infection and careful clinical and statistical assessment of reduced beta 2M from 5 or 6 years after HIV infection are needed. The dependence of marker paths on mode of HIV transmission suggests that sexual transmission may have implications for HIV disease progression. The feasibility of using serum IgA and beta 2M, evaluable in single stored blood samples, to estimate time of HIV infection has been set back by our results. |
### Instruction:
Is expression of p53 protein in gastric carcinomas independently prognostic?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that p53 expression did not correlate with the aggressiveness of gastric carcinomas and failed to be an independent predictor of outcome. |
### Instruction:
Does an angiotensin II receptor antagonist reduce myocardial damage in an animal model of myocarditis?
### Response:
| This study suggests that angiotensin II plays an important pathophysiological role in viral myocarditis. Treatment with TCV-116, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, had a cardioprotective effect. |
### Instruction:
Does the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole inhibit acid survival of Helicobacter pylori by a urease-independent mechanism?
### Response:
| Whereas survival of H. pylori below pH 4 is urease dependent, H. pylori uses non-urease-mediated mechanisms at or above pH 4. Omeprazole inhibits the survival of H. pylori at low pH through a mechanism independent of its effect on urease, an antibacterial effect that extends to other enteric bacteria. |
### Instruction:
Is long-term histologic patency after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty predicted by the creation of a greater lumen area?
### Response:
| Neointimal proliferation after angioplasty occurs in all dilated coronary arteries, and the amount of neointimal growth is independent of vessel size. The creation of a larger lumen and a larger lumen as a percent of vessel size were associated with an improved long-term histologic patency. |
### Instruction:
Are early region 3-replacement adenovirus recombinants less pathogenic in cotton rats and mice than early region 3-deleted viruses?
### Response:
| These data not only confirm that E3-deleted viruses induce more severe pathologic changes in cotton rat lungs than Wt-Ad viruses (Ginsberg et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989;86:3823-7) but led to the observation that some E3 replacement recombinants also lacking the expression of the 19 and 14.7 kilodalton proteins are significantly less pathogenic in cotton rats and mice than an E3-deleted virus. Pathogenicity and replication of the recombinant viruses inversely correlate with the genomic size. |
### Instruction:
Is a missense mutation in the beta myosin heavy chain gene a predictor of premature sudden death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
### Response:
| The missense mutation in exon 13 of the beta MHC gene in individuals with FHCM is associated with high penetrance, highly variable expressivity, severe disease, early in onset and a high incidence of premature sudden death. Based on these results we recommend individuals from families with HCM be screened for this missense mutation and if positive, be counselled to avoid combative sports, as it is these activities that often precipitate sudden death. |
### Instruction:
Does gowning affect colonization or infection rates in a neonatal intensive care unit?
### Response:
| Gowning in the neonatal intensive care unit is an unnecessary custom without benefit in neonatal colonization, infection rates, mortality, traffic patterns, and handwashing behavior. |
### Instruction:
Does endothelium-dependent dilation in the systemic arteries of asymptomatic subjects relate to coronary risk factors and their interaction?
### Response:
| Loss of endothelium-dependent dilation in the systemic arteries occurs in the preclinical phase of vascular disease and is associated with interaction of the same risk factors known to predispose to atherosclerosis and its complications in later life. |
### Instruction:
Does transfusion results of cytapheresis platelet concentrate stored in two different polyolefin containers for five days?
### Response:
| Single-donor apheresis concentrates with a large platelet content may be stored in the new LE-2 polyolefin container for up to 5 days and used in clinical transfusion. |
### Instruction:
Is vinorelbine an active antiproliferative agent in pretreated advanced breast cancer patients : a phase II study?
### Response:
| This study shows that VNB is an effective and well-tolerated agent in pretreated patients with advanced breast cancer. This drug does not seem to present cross-resistance with previous CMF or anthracycline regimens. Future clinical trials should be designed to prove whether the inclusion of VNB in combination chemotherapy regimens, or whether an enhancement of its dose-intensity using bone marrow growth factors, is able to improve further the efficacy of this drug in breast carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Do subtle tubal abnormalities adversely affect gamete intrafallopian transfer outcome in women with endometriosis?
### Response:
| The extent of tubal abnormalities rather than the stage of endometriosis seems to be an important prognostic factor in determining GIFT pregnancy rates. Couples should be counseled accordingly and accurate prognostic parameters should be explained before enrollment in a GIFT program. |
### Instruction:
Is fertilization efficiency of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa in assisted reproduction further impaired by antisperm antibodies on the male partner 's sperm?
### Response:
| The presence of antisperm antibodies on the sperm surface per se impairs the outcome of assisted reproduction, mainly in terms of fertilization rate of preovulatory oocytes, and possibly in terms of total and term PRs. This holds true regardless of the impact of other semen parameters, particularly the morphology of the sperm within the semen sample. |
### Instruction:
Do elevated serum progesterone levels on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration predict outcome in assisted reproduction cycles?
### Response:
| Serum P levels before hCG administration do not predict the outcome of ART cycles in patients suppressed with GnRH-a before hMG stimulation. Lower fertilization rates observed in the high P cycles did not have an effect on clinical outcome. |
### Instruction:
Is the hemizona assay of good prognostic value for the ability of sperm to fertilize oocytes in vitro?
### Response:
| The HZA is a valuable prognostic test for IVF. With a threshold HZI of 23%, it has a good predictive value for fertilization rates in IVF, and may thus be used for patient preselection before IVF. |
### Instruction:
Is wilson 's disease gene homologous to hts causing abnormal copper transport in Long-Evans cinnamon rats?
### Response:
| hts is likely to correspond to a rat homologue of the Wilson's disease gene. The present results allow us to propose that the LEC rat is an ideal animal model for Wilson's disease. |
### Instruction:
Is excess iron into hepatocytes required for activation of collagen type I gene during experimental siderosis?
### Response:
| The results of this study indicate that, regardless of the total hepatic iron burden, selective localization of iron into liver cells (i.e., parenchymal cells) is required for the activation of collagen gene during long-term iron overload in rodents. |
### Instruction:
Does chronically decreased aortic distensibility cause deterioration of coronary perfusion during increased left ventricular contraction?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that during increased ventricular contraction, chronically decreased aortic distensibility contributes to a further decrease in the coronary flow reserve ratio, impairs endocardial blood flow and may induce subendocardial ischemia even in the absence of coronary artery stenosis. |
### Instruction:
Does phentolamine block ATP sensitive potassium channels in cardiac ventricular cells?
### Response:
| Phentolamine blocks ATP sensitive potassium channels in rabbit ventricular cells independently of the alpha adrenoceptor. This blocking effect probably occurs at the intracellular side of the membrane. The antiarrhythmic effect of phentolamine may at least partially be explained by blockade of KATP channels and may thus partly be independent of its effects on the alpha adrenoceptor. |
### Instruction:
Are aTP sensitive potassium channels involved in adenosine A2 receptor mediated coronary vasodilatation in the dog?
### Response:
| Opening of KATP channels may be involved importantly in adenosine A2 receptor mediated coronary vasodilatation in canine hearts. |
### Instruction:
Do intracellular acidification and ADP enhance nicorandil induction of ATP sensitive potassium channel current in cardiomyocytes?
### Response:
| Nicorandil may activate KATP channel current more effectively in conditions associated with a change in intracellular proton and ADP concentrations such as cardiac ischaemia. |
### Instruction:
Is laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication an effective treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease?
### Response:
| The laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication can be carried out safely and effectively with similar positive results to the open procedure and with all of the advantages of the minimally invasive approach. |
### Instruction:
Is hepatic phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase activity decreased by ethanol and increased by phosphatidylcholine?
### Response:
| 1. Alcohol consumption diminishes phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity prior to the development of cirrhosis and decreases the hepatic content of its product, namely phosphatidylcholine, a key component of cell membranes. This may promote hepatic injury and possibly trigger fibrosis. 2. Phosphatidylcholine administration ameliorates the ethanol-induced decrease in phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity and corrects phospholipid and phosphatidylcholine depletions, thereby possibly contributing to the protection against alcoholic liver injury. |
### Instruction:
Does close clinical observation minimize the complications of beta-blocker withdrawal?
### Response:
| In well-screened patients under careful monitoring, withdrawal from beta-blockers appears to present a small, manageable risk. |
### Instruction:
Is activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase required for PDGF-stimulated membrane ruffling?
### Response:
| These results argue strongly that phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate synthesis is required for growth-factor-stimulated membrane ruffling in porcine aortic endothelial cells, and suggest that synthesis of this lipid may be part of a signalling pathway leading to direct or indirect activation of the small GTP-binding protein Rac. |
### Instruction:
Does ovarian suppression reduce clinical and endocrine expression of late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency?
### Response:
| Suppression of the ovary with GnRH-a treatment was beneficial in these patients with late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia. An ovarian influence on the clinical and biochemical findings of the disorder is suggested. |
### Instruction:
Does physiological factors associated with fall in older community-dwelling women?
### Response:
| These findings support previous results conducted in retirement village and institutional setting and indicate that the test procedure aids in the identification of older community-dwelling women at risk of falls. |
### Instruction:
Do coronary angiographic findings predict clinical outcome in patients with unstable angina?
### Response:
| In this selected group of patients with unstable angina, type of coronary artery lesion and the presence or absence of thrombus formation does not predict clinical outcome. |
### Instruction:
Is there no need for nasogastric decompression after partial gastrectomy with extensive lymphadenectomy?
### Response:
| Routine postoperative nasogastric decompression is unnecessary after radical gastrectomy even in the presence of gastric outlet obstruction. |
### Instruction:
Does microinjected profilin affect cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells by rapidly depolymerizing actin microfilaments?
### Response:
| Profilin can act as a potent regulator of actin organization in living plant cells. Its rapid effect on the integrity of cytoplasmic strands and cytoplasmic streaming supports a model in which organelle movements depend upon microfilaments that exist in dynamic equilibrium with the pool of monomeric actin. |
### Instruction:
Does antigen-receptor cross-linking induce peritoneal B-cell apoptosis in normal but not autoimmunity-prone mice?
### Response:
| Self-reactive B cells are eliminated by the binding of antigen at both mature and immature stages. B-cell activation appears to require, in addition to antigen binding, a second signal that induces expression of rescue molecules such as the bcl-2 gene product. Resistance to B-cell apoptosis induced by antigen receptor cross-linking may play a crucial role in the production of autoantibodies and in the pathogenesis of the autoimmune diseases found in the strains of mice used here. |
### Instruction:
Does thermoregulatory vasoconstriction increase the difference between femoral and radial arterial pressures?
### Response:
| Thermoregulatory vasoconstriction alters radial arterial pressure waveform, artifactually increasing its peak systolic pressure compared with the femoral artery. Poor dynamic responses of recording systems further distort the waveforms. Consequently, radial artery pressure may be misleading in vasoconstricted patients. |
### Instruction:
Does measurement of user performance and attitudes assist the initial design of a computer user display and orientation method?
### Response:
| With graphic user interface prototyping environments, one can obtain preliminary user attitude and performance data, even before application programming is begun. This may be helpful in revising initial display and orientation methods, while obtaining user interest and commitment before actual programming and clinical testing. |
### Instruction:
Does microflora modulate endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa of the rat?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that the intraluminal microflora influences the release of biologically active peptides and that it participates in the regulation of gastrointestinal endocrine cells and the epithelial structure. |
### Instruction:
Is mathematical examination of dual individualization principles ( II ) : The rate of bacterial eradication at the same area under the inhibitory curve more rapid for ciprofloxacin than for cefmenoxime?
### Response:
| We conclude that the more rapid in vitro bacterial killing, which is characteristic of ciprofloxacin at optimal AUIC values, can manifest in vivo as more rapid clearance of bacteria from the respiratory tract of patients, even when both agents are controlled for initial antibacterial exposure (i.e., same AUIC). |
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