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### Instruction:
Does modulation of cellular proliferation alter glutamine transport and metabolism in human hepatoma cells?
### Response:
| Hepatocellular transformation is characterized by a marked increase in glutamine transport and metabolism. Inhibition of cellular proliferation attenuates glutamine transport and metabolism, especially in fast-growing, relatively undifferentiated hepatoma cells. Because the uptake of other amino acids is similarly reduced under cytostatic conditions, plasma membrane amino acid transport activity in hepatoma cells is regulated by the proliferation state of the cells. |
### Instruction:
Do long-term kidney isografts develop functional and morphologic changes that mimic those of chronic allograft rejection?
### Response:
| Antigen-independent functional and morphologic changes occur in long-term kidney isografts that resemble those appearing considerably earlier in allografts that reject chronically. Initial injury and extent of functioning renal mass may be important factors for such late changes. |
### Instruction:
Does bacteriuria in patients with a continent ileal reservoir for urinary diversion regularly require antibiotic treatment?
### Response:
| The present results indicate that asymptomatic bacteriuria in patients with a continent ileal reservoir for urinary diversion is generally of no clinical importance and should not be treated with antibiotics. This conclusion is based on the observations that the bacterial strains growing in the reservoir changed spontaneously indicating colonization rather than infection. Raised titres of antibodies against E. coli correlated weakly with bacterial growth. The observed elevations in antibody titres were usually just above the normal upper limit. |
### Instruction:
Is magnesium more efficacious than phenytoin in reducing N-methyl-D-aspartate seizures in rats?
### Response:
| These results suggest that magnesium sulfate is a significantly more effective prophylactic agent than phenytoin for N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced seizures. |
### Instruction:
Is immunoreactive tumor necrosis factor-alpha elevated in maternal plasma but undetected in amniotic fluid in the second trimester?
### Response:
| Levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha were elevated in the plasma but not detected in the amniotic fluid of normal pregnant patients in the second trimester. These findings suggest involvement of the cellular branch of the immune system and its products, the cytokines, in the normal adaptation of the mother to the fetal allograft, with a possible role in regulating trophoblast growth and invasion. |
### Instruction:
Does starvation induce differential small bowel luminal amino acid transport?
### Response:
| Differential changes occur in brush border amino acid transport during a 3-day period of bowel rest. The apparent gut nutritive transporters for Glutamine and arginine are decreased, although the gluconeogenic transporters for alanine, MeAIB, and leucine are maintained. These adaptive changes may help explain the difficulties seen in postoperative and critically ill patients on prolonged bowel rest. |
### Instruction:
Does monoclonal immunoglobulin A prevent adherence and invasion of polarized epithelial cell monolayers by Salmonella typhimurium?
### Response:
| IgA alone can prevent bacterial adherence and invasion of epithelial cells in the absence of other immune or nonimmune protective mechanisms. |
### Instruction:
Does transient posterior localization of a kinesin fusion protein reflect anteroposterior polarity of the Drosophila oocyte?
### Response:
| Association with a plus-end-directed microtubule motor can promote posterior localization of a reporter protein during oogenesis. The genetic requirements for this localization and its sensitivity to colchicine, both of which are shared with the posterior transport of oskar mRNA and Staufen protein, suggest that similar mechanism may function in both processes. |
### Instruction:
Does escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin-mediated colonic Cl- secretion is absent in cystic fibrosis?
### Response:
| Human colonocytes secrete Cl- in response to STa and cGMP in normal subjects, but this response is absent in cystic fibrosis. |
### Instruction:
Does active compression-decompression CPR improve vital organ perfusion in a dog model of ventricular fibrillation?
### Response:
| We conclude that ACD-CPR improves tissue perfusion and systemic hemodynamics compared with standard CPR. |
### Instruction:
Is transvaginal ultrasonographic evaluation of the cervix before labor : presence of cervical wedging associated with shorter duration of induced labor?
### Response:
| The presence of wedging and decreased cervical length observed by transvaginal ultrasonography is associated with a shorter duration of induced labor and may be useful in the evaluation of induction candidates. |
### Instruction:
Are increased interleukin-6 concentrations in cervical secretions associated with preterm delivery?
### Response:
| Cervical interleukin-6 is a relatively insensitive, although fairly specific discriminator of patients with subsequent preterm deliveries. Among patients delivered preterm, elevated cervical interleukin-6 values are not apparently associated with maternal infectious morbidity. |
### Instruction:
Are low doses of interferon-alpha as effective as higher doses in inducing remissions and prolonging survival in chronic myeloid leukemia?
### Response:
| Low-dose interferon-alpha is as effective as higher-dose interferon-alpha in inducing remissions and prolonging survival in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia but is considerably less expensive and toxic. |
### Instruction:
Does insulin-like growth factor-I promote successful fetal pancreas transplantation in the intramuscular site?
### Response:
| These results show that local delivery of IGF-I has potent trophic effects on FP transplanted to the intramuscular site. |
### Instruction:
Do psychiatric disorders in and service use by young homeless people?
### Response:
| Young people with experience of homelessness have a high prevalence of depressive disorders and substance use disorders, particularly alcohol and cannabis dependence. Despite this they have a low rate of service use. These findings suggest a need for closer interaction between mental health professionals and other agencies in the planning and provision of services to young homeless people. |
### Instruction:
Does soluble CD23 reliably reflect disease activity in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that sCD23 is a highly sensitive and specific parameter with prognostic potential for B-CLL, which may be used as a tumor marker and may help to assess disease activity. |
### Instruction:
Is [ Thoracic epidural anesthesia by the caudal route in pediatric anesthesia : age a limiting factor ]?
### Response:
| It is not possible to guarantee the arrival of an 18-G epidural catheter to the thoracic epidural space by entering through the caudal route. In children over 1 year of age, the level of success decreases significantly. Easy advance of the catheter cannot be taken to be a sign of success. |
### Instruction:
Are serum level of squamous cell carcinoma antigen and tumor size useful to identify preoperatively patients at high risk of cervical cancer?
### Response:
| Serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen assays and clinical tumor size estimated by colposcopic examination are helpful in identifying patients who require postoperative adjunctive therapy. |
### Instruction:
Is the rate of increase in blood pressure in children 5 years of age related to changes in aerobic fitness and body mass index?
### Response:
| Young children who increase their aerobic fitness or decrease their body mass index reduce the rate of the age-related increase in blood pressure. These observations may have implications for development of interventions directed at the primary prevention of hypertension. |
### Instruction:
Are tobacco industry campaign contributions affecting tobacco control policymaking in California?
### Response:
| Tobacco industry campaign contributions influence California legislators in matters related to tobacco policymaking, independent of constituents' support for tobacco control. |
### Instruction:
Does chloroquine enhance the activity of clarithromycin against multiplication of Mycobacterium avium within human macrophages?
### Response:
| Chloroquine should not improve clarithromycin treatment against M. avium infection. |
### Instruction:
Is hyperoxic reperfusion required to reduce infarct size after intravenous therapy with perfluorochemical ( Fluosol-DA 20 % ) or its detergent component ( poloxamer 188 ) in a poorly collateralized animal model . Absence of a role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes?
### Response:
| Fluosol and poloxamer 188 reduce infarct size in rabbits subjected to hyperoxic reperfusion. Suppression of polymorphonuclear leukocyte function was not demonstrated, suggesting a greater role for increased arterial oxygen delivery in salvaging ischemic myocardium. |
### Instruction:
Do volatile anesthetic agents inhibit choline uptake into rat synaptosomes?
### Response:
| Noncompetitive inhibition of [methyl-3H]choline uptake by volatile anesthetic agents has been demonstrated in the in vitro synaptosome preparation. If present in vivo reduction in anesthetic-sensitive choline uptake may reduce the presynaptic availability of acetylcholine and hence contribute to the process of anesthesia. |
### Instruction:
Are psoriasis and eczema mutually exclusive diseases?
### Response:
| Contrary to some hospital-based studies which have suggested that the two diseases are seldom found together, this study of a large and representative population suggests that eczema and psoriasis may co-occur concurrently and consecutively in the same individual. |
### Instruction:
Is ultrasonographic examination of the uterine cervix better than cervical digital examination as a predictor of the likelihood of premature delivery in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes?
### Response:
| Endovaginal ultrasonographic examination of the uterine cervix is more accurate than digital examination of the cervix in the assessment of the risk for preterm delivery in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. |
### Instruction:
Does amniotic fluid volume reflect recent glycemic status in gestational diabetes mellitus?
### Response:
| Amniotic fluid volume reflects recent glycemic status in gestational diabetes mellitus. |
### Instruction:
Does nonpharmacologic therapy improve functional and emotional status in congestive heart failure?
### Response:
| Nonpharmacologic therapy improved functional capacity, body weight, and mood state in patients with congestive heart failure. In contrast, digoxin improved ejection fraction without corresponding changes in exercise tolerance or quality of life. |
### Instruction:
Does pEEP ventilation cause humorally mediated cardiac output depression in pigs?
### Response:
| As humorally mediated negative inotropism during PEEP ventilation has earlier been demonstrated in dogs, the results suggest that this mechanism might be species-dependent. |
### Instruction:
Do rat renal preglomerular vessels , glomeruli and papillae express detectable quantities of B-type natriuretic peptide receptor?
### Response:
| The present results suggest that ANP-B receptors either are absent or are present in undetectable amounts in rat renal preglomerular vessels, glomeruli and papillae. |
### Instruction:
Does crystal structure of Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase reveal dual lectin-like domains in addition to the catalytic domain?
### Response:
| The environment of the small intestine requires V. cholerae to secrete several adhesins, and it is known that its neuraminidase can bind to cell surfaces, and remain active. The unexpected lectin-like domains possibly mediate this attachment. These bacterial lectin folds represent additional members of a growing lectin superfamily. |
### Instruction:
Is constipation a risk factor for hemorrhoids : a case-control study of potential etiological agents?
### Response:
| The results of this analysis suggest that diarrhea but not constipation may represent a risk factor for the development of hemorrhoids. |
### Instruction:
Does magnetic resonance imaging show gadolinium enhancement of intradural herniated disc?
### Response:
| Enhancement likely depends on the age of the intradural disc herniation. |
### Instruction:
Is sexual communication associated with condom use by sexually active incarcerated adolescents?
### Response:
| Interventions designed to increase condom use among sexually active incarcerated adolescents should include a component addressing sexual communication practices. More research is needed on the ways in which adolescents learn to communicate about sex. |
### Instruction:
Do gastric emptying rates to liquid or solid meals appear to be unaffected by spinal cord injury?
### Response:
| Our findings do not support the previously reported results of a delay in gastric emptying for liquids in subjects with SCI. We have extended our findings of essentially normal rates of gastric emptying of liquids to that of solids. |
### Instruction:
Are hematopoietic progenitor cells resistant to dimethyl sulfoxide toxicity?
### Response:
| These results support and extend a previous study that bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells, including burst-forming units--erythroid, colony-forming units--granulocyte/macrophage, and colony-forming units--granulocyte/erythrocyte/macrophage/megakaryocyte are resistant to any toxic effects of 8- to 10-percent (vol/vol) DMSO during at least 2 hours of DMSO exposure. |
### Instruction:
Does danazol influence gonadotropin secretion acting at the hypothalamic level?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that danazol exerts a suppressive effect on gonadotropin secretion acting at the hypothalamic level. |
### Instruction:
Does bair hugger forced-air warming maintain normothermia more effectively than thermo-lite insulation?
### Response:
| Reflective insulation was unable to maintain intraoperative normothermia during total hip arthroplasty. Active warming, such as that provided by forced air, was required to prevent hypothermia. |
### Instruction:
Is platelet-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation modulated by the growth amplification factors serotonin and adenosine diphosphate?
### Response:
| Therefore, serotonin and ADP contribute significantly, in synergy with peptide growth factors, to the platelet-induced SMC proliferative response. We propose that in vivo serotonin and ADP act as amplification factors for SMC proliferation at sites of vascular injury. |
### Instruction:
Does allelic variation in the D4 dopamine receptor ( DRD4 ) gene predict response to clozapine?
### Response:
| DRD4 alleles do not predict therapeutic response to clozapine in schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients. There are implications from these data for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the mechanism of clozapine's therapeutic effect are discussed. |
### Instruction:
Do prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor and lysyl hydroxylase inhibitor inhibit spreading of corneal epithelium?
### Response:
| These observations indicate that collagen production may be involved in the spreading of corneal epithelium. |
### Instruction:
Is the hepatocellular uptake of free fatty acids selectively preserved during starvation?
### Response:
| During fasting, the hepatocellular uptake mechanism for oleate is selectively preserved compared with those for sulfobromophthalein, taurocholate, or glucose. |
### Instruction:
Does prostaglandin E2 enhance gastric defense mechanisms against acid injury in uremic rats?
### Response:
| 16,16-dm PGE2 attenuated H+ back-diffusion injury in uremic rats. This effect was associated with blunting of the initial decrease of intracellular pH and enhanced surface cell intracellular pH homeostasis during acid exposure. These effects were associated with an increased mucous gel layer thickness and an acid-related increase in blood flow. |
### Instruction:
Does hyperglycemia induce abnormalities of gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with type I diabetes mellitus?
### Response:
| This study has shown that hyperglycemia is an important factor in the generation of gastric myoelectrical disturbances and tachygastrias in particular. |
### Instruction:
Is biosynthesis of human colonic mucin : Muc2 the prominent secretory mucin?
### Response:
| These results show the biosynthesis of a secretory colonic mucin for the first time. This mucin is synthesized as a precursor protein of approximately 600 kilodaltons, which, after glycosylation, is secreted as a glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 550 kilodaltons on SDS-PAGE. It is very likely that this mucin is Muc2. |
### Instruction:
Does effect of L-arginine on acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent vasodilation differ between the coronary and forearm vasculatures in humans?
### Response:
| The effect of L-arginine on acetylcholine-induced vasodilation differs between the coronary and forearm vasculatures in humans. It is suggested that impaired acetylcholine-induced coronary and forearm vasodilation in patients with coronary artery disease and hypertension may not be related to a limited availability of L-arginine. |
### Instruction:
Do methionine-enkephalin concentrations correlate with stage of disease but not pruritus in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis?
### Response:
| Increased serum methionine-enkephalin concentrations in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis were not associated with pruritus. |
### Instruction:
Does hypoglycemia increase muscle sympathetic nerve activity in IDDM and control subjects?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that insulin-induced hypoglycemia increases muscle sympathetic neural outflow in IDDM and control subjects. The lack of correlation between the MSNA and epinephrine responses to hypoglycemia indicates that the adrenomedullary and peripheral sympathetic responses to hypoglycemia are independently mediated. |
### Instruction:
Does chicken and fish diet reduce glomerular hyperfiltration in IDDM patients?
### Response:
| A normoproteic diet with chicken and fish as the only meat protein source decreases the GFR in the hyperfiltering normoalbuminuric IDDM patients. The GFR reduction after this diet is similar to that observed after an LPD. |
### Instruction:
Does accuracy and influence of ascorbic acid on glucose-test with urine dip stick in prenatal care?
### Response:
| High ascorbic acid concentrations cause a reduction in the color reaction of urine dip sticks. False-negative test stick measurements can appear in patients with low glycosuria. The rate of glycosuria shows high individual differences and dependent on the concentration of vitamin C. We conclude that dip sticks are not useful in prenatal management. |
### Instruction:
Are iL-10 promoter and IL4-Ralpha gene SNPs associated with immediate beta-lactam allergy in atopic women?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that polymorphisms in the IL-10 promoter and IL-4Ralpha genes are genetic factors that favour beta-lactam immediate allergies in female patients with atopy. |
### Instruction:
Is cellular immune reaction in the pancreas induced by constitutively active IkappaB kinase-2?
### Response:
| Our observations suggest that the role of IKK2 activation in pancreatic acini is to induce leucocyte infiltration, but at a moderate level of activation it is not sufficient to induce pancreatic damage in mice. The IKK2(CA) induced infiltrations resemble those observed in autoimmune pancreatitis, indicating a role for IKK2/NF-kappaB in this disease. IKK2(CA) in pancreatic acinar cells increases tissue damage of secretagogue induced experimental pancreatitis underlining the proinflammatory role of the IKK/NF-kappaB pathway in this disease. |
### Instruction:
Does seroprevalence and correlate of herpes simplex virus type-2 infection in a general gynecology clinic?
### Response:
| The high HSV-2 seroprevalence in this low risk population may indicate a high risk for future acquisition of HIV in this population. Cervical erosion and hypertrophy as a possible clinical marker for HSV-2 has low positive predictive value and cannot be recommended as a possible diagnostic tool to screen for HSV-2 in resource poor settings. |
### Instruction:
Do antagonist peptides of human interferon-alpha2b isolated from phage display library inhibit interferon induced antiviral activity?
### Response:
| Both IFN-alpha2b antagonist peptides, SP-7 and FY-7, were able to inhibit the IFN-induced antiviral activity, and could be helpful in laying the foundation for the molecular mechanism of the interaction between IFN and its receptor. |
### Instruction:
Is weekly docetaxel and capecitabine effective in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer : a phase II study?
### Response:
| The combination of docetaxel and capecitabine at the doses and schedule investigated in this study is safe, but does not show significant activity in untreated patients with advanced gastric cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is pleural fluid/serum immunoglobulin ratio a diagnostic marker for congenital chylothorax in utero?
### Response:
| Pleural fluid/serum IgG ratio may be a diagnostic marker for congenital chylothorax in utero. |
### Instruction:
Is ethnic distribution of estrogen receptor-alpha polymorphism associated with a higher prevalence of uterine leiomyomas in black Americans?
### Response:
| The ERalpha PP genotype is a genetic risk factor for ULM development among surgically treated women. The higher prevalence of this genotype in blacks might explain the increased occurrence of this tumor among black women. |
### Instruction:
Is the positive effect of dietary vitamin D intake on bone mineral density in men modulated by the polyadenosine repeat polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that the extent of positive association between dietary vitamin D intake and BMD in men is dependent on VDR polymorphism, a novel conceivable important gene-environmental interaction. |
### Instruction:
Does a powerful method for detecting differentially expressed genes from GeneChip arrays that require replicates?
### Response:
| The method presented is a powerful tool for extracting information on differential expression from GeneChip expression studies with limited or no replicates. |
### Instruction:
Does osteoporosis increase the severity of cartilage damage in an experimental model of osteoarthritis in rabbits?
### Response:
| Prior induction of OP increases the severity of cartilage damage in experimental OA. Increase in cartilage damage correlates with bone loss. These findings suggest a direct relationship between OP and OA. |
### Instruction:
Does emotionally expressive coping reduce pregnancy rates in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization?
### Response:
| The link between psychological processes and reproductive outcomes of IVF treatment is less likely to be identified through the assessment of stress but rather is likely to be identified through the assessment of the strategies that people use to deal with stress. Emotionally expressive coping may be a risk factor for reduced pregnancy rates in women undergoing IVF. |
### Instruction:
Does increase in incidence of hyperthyroidism predominantly occur in young people after iodine fortification of salt in Denmark?
### Response:
| Even a cautious iodization of salt results in an increase in the incidence rate of hyperthyroidism. Contrary to current concepts, many of the new cases were observed in young subjects, and are presumably of autoimmune origin. Furthermore, monitoring is expected to show a decrease in the number of elderly subjects suffering from nodular hyperthyroidism. |
### Instruction:
Is the canine copper toxicosis gene MURR1 implicated in the pathogenesis of Wilson disease?
### Response:
| These data suggest that the MURR1 gene and its protein product are unlikely to play a primary role in the pathogenesis of Wilson disease. More extensive studies with larger numbers of clinically homogeneous patients should be carried out to establish whether nucleotide alterations in the MURR1 gene may have a role in causing WD or WD-like disorders or act as modifying factors in the phenotype variability in WD. |
### Instruction:
Are bone marrow endothelial progenitors defective in systemic sclerosis?
### Response:
| This study provides the first demonstration that in SSc, there is a complex impairment in the BM microenvironment involving both the endothelial and mesenchymal stem cell compartments and that this impairment might play a role in defective vasculogenesis in scleroderma. |
### Instruction:
Does trendelenburg positioning prevent a decrease in cardiac output after induction of anaesthesia with propofol in children?
### Response:
| The present study shows that cardiac performance is not improved by Trendelenburg positioning after propofol/fentanyl induction of anaesthesia in children. |
### Instruction:
Does interleukin-5 influence differential transcription of transmembrane and soluble isoforms of IL-5R alpha in vivo?
### Response:
| We find that IL-5 is not necessary for differential splicing to occur in vivo, as all three forms of the IL-5R alpha are detected in both strains of IL-5 gene-deleted mice, with ratios of transcript expression (transmembrane : soluble 1 : soluble 2) that were indistinguishable from their wild-type counterparts. Differential splicing does vary markedly between strains, potentially because of local effects of strain-specific polymorphisms. |
### Instruction:
Is oral peppermint oil a useful antispasmodic for double-contrast barium meal examination?
### Response:
| Oral PO is a safe, easy to use and effective antispasmodic for DCBM. |
### Instruction:
Is subcarinal node the significant node that affects survival in resected small cell lung cancer?
### Response:
| Involvement in the subcarinal node might be a prognostic factor for SCLC. |
### Instruction:
Does a single nucleotide polymorphism in the CCL1 gene predict acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
### Response:
| Variants in the CCL1 gene are associated with susceptibility to AEs through their potential implication in the host defense mechanisms against AEs. |
### Instruction:
Does a systematic review of diagnostic utility of selective nerve root block?
### Response:
| Selective nerve root injections may be helpful as a diagnostic addition in evaluating spinal disorders with radicular features, but the role of this diagnostic test needs to be further clarified by additional research and consensus on technique. |
### Instruction:
Does fluvastatin prevent oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced injury of renal tubular epithelial cells by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-signaling pathway?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that the PI3K/Akt-signaling transduction system is activated by oxLDL, and may mediate the cell hypertrophy and up-regulation of TGF-beta beta 1 expression from TECs. Fluvastatin may inhibit the activity of PI3K/Akt and prevent injury to TECs from oxLDL. |
### Instruction:
Does preproghrelin Leu72Met variant contribute to overweight in middle-aged men of a Japanese large cohort?
### Response:
| These results suggest that the 72Met allele of the preproghrelin gene is a contributing factor for midlife weight change in men. |
### Instruction:
Is class II transactivator-mediated regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II antigen expression important for hematopoietic progenitor cell suppression by chemokines and iron-binding proteins?
### Response:
| Myelosuppressive effects of iron-binding proteins HF and LF and chemokines CCL3, CXCL5, and CXCL8 on mouse bone marrow HPC require expression of MHC class II antigens, and CIITA is involved in this responsiveness through its regulation of expression of MHC class II antigens. |
### Instruction:
Does the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 release a subset of G-CSF-primed peripheral blood progenitor cells with specific gene expression characteristics?
### Response:
| We conclude that A+G-mobilized CD34+ PBPCs express significantly higher amounts of genes that potentially promote superior engraftment after myeloablative therapy than G-mobilized CD34+ PBPCs. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of mTOR reduce chronic pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis?
### Response:
| Despite sustained pressure overload, inhibition of mTOR by a 4-week period of Rapamune treatment attenuates chronically established LVH and cardiac fibrosis with preserved contractile function. |
### Instruction:
Is duplex ultrasound scanning reliable in the detection of endoleak following endovascular aneurysm repair?
### Response:
| Although DUSS is not as sensitive as CT scanning in the detection of endoleak, no leaks requiring intervention were missed on DUSS in this study. DUSS is much cheaper than CT and avoids high doses of radiation. DUSS therefore remains a valuable method of follow up after EVAR and can reduce the need for repeated CT scans. |
### Instruction:
Is adiponectin an independent predictor of all-cause mortality , cardiac mortality , and myocardial infarction in patients presenting with chest pain?
### Response:
| In a cohort of male patients undergoing coronary angiography, a single baseline determination of plasma adiponectin is independently predictive of the subsequent risk of death and MI. |
### Instruction:
Are treatments with losartan or enalapril equally sensitive to deterioration in renal function from cyclooxygenase inhibition?
### Response:
| The negative renal effects of diclofenac administration in subjects with activation of the renin-angiotensin system and enalapril treatment are the same in subjects with activation of the renin-angiotensin system and losartan treatment. |
### Instruction:
Is factor V Leiden commonly associated with idiopathic portal vein thrombosis in southern India?
### Response:
| Factor V Leiden contributes little, if at all, to the development of portal vein thrombosis in southern India. |
### Instruction:
Does lens-specific expression of TGF-beta induce anterior subcapsular cataract formation in the absence of Smad3?
### Response:
| Lens-specific expression of TGF-beta1 induced ASC formation in the absence of the Smad3 signaling mediator, suggests that alternative TGF-beta-signaling pathways participate in this ocular fibrotic model. |
### Instruction:
Are racial differences seen in blood pressure response to fosinopril in hypertensive children?
### Response:
| Fosinopril was effective in treating hypertension, but black children required a higher dose per body weight in order to achieve adequate control. This suggests that black children treated with fosinopril for hypertension on average require higher doses to achieve adequate systolic blood pressure control that non-black children. |
### Instruction:
Is low voltage on the electrocardiogram a marker of disease severity and a risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure due to systolic dysfunction?
### Response:
| Low ECG voltage is a marker of the severity of HF and is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with systolic HF at 1 year. |
### Instruction:
Does ginsenoside Rg1 inhibit proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha?
### Response:
| PKC-zeta and p21 pathway might be the mechanism for inhibitory effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on proliferation of VSMC. |
### Instruction:
Does prolonged ovalbumin exposure attenuate airway hyperresponsiveness and T cell function in mice?
### Response:
| Attenuation of airway eosinophilia in response to chronic OVA exposure is independent of genetic background. Airway eosinophilia, but not systemic responses, correlates with and is predictive for airway hyperresponsiveness. Our study contributes to the understanding of immune regulatory processes controlling antigen-driven airway inflammatory responses. |
### Instruction:
Does sensitivity and specificity of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin for diagnosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinomas vary according to tumor size?
### Response:
| The utility of DCP for the diagnosis of HCC was lower than that of AFP for small tumors, but higher than that of AFP for large tumors. |
### Instruction:
Does nonlinear association of higher-level functional capacity with the incidence of fall in Japan?
### Response:
| We have proposed the use of nonlinear model in estimating the incidence of falls with respect to the total score of the TMIG index of competence. The association of varying total score with the incidence of falls in women diverged from the linearity assumption. The gender-based difference in the association of higher-level functional capacity with the incidence of falls might be related to societal role or activity-related aspects. |
### Instruction:
Is the number of Baby Friendly hospital practices experienced by mothers positively associated with breastfeeding : a questionnaire survey?
### Response:
| This study found a dose-response relationship between number of 10-step practices experienced and breastfeeding. However, very few women in Taiwan reported experiencing all 10 steps. Our findings highlight the need for greater attention to implement the 10 steps. |
### Instruction:
Is metabolic inflexibility in substrate use present in African-American but not Caucasian healthy , premenopausal , nondiabetic women?
### Response:
| The impaired substrate use observed in African-American women during these three studies demonstrates the existence of MI and may contribute to their greater prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance. |
### Instruction:
Is clusterin essential for androgen-regulated involution and regeneration of the normal mouse prostate?
### Response:
| Clusterin is not critical for normal prostate development or androgen-regulated involution and regrowth of the mouse prostate gland, suggesting that clusterin may have distinct functions in malignant versus normal prostatic epithelial cells. |
### Instruction:
Is dysregulation of muscle fatty acid metabolism in type 2 diabetes independent of malonyl-CoA?
### Response:
| Contrary to our hypothesis, the dysregulation of muscle fatty acid metabolism in type 2 diabetes is independent of muscle malonyl-CoA. However, elevated fatty acid uptake in type 2 diabetes may be a key contributing factor to the increase in fatty acids being shunted towards storage within muscle. |
### Instruction:
Does metformin influence cardiomyocyte cell death by pathways that are dependent and independent of caspase-3?
### Response:
| Our study demonstrates that metformin reduces high-fat-induced cardiac cell death, probably through inhibition of ceramide synthesis. However, at high concentrations, metformin causes proton and lactate accumulation, leading to cell damage that is independent of caspase-3. |
### Instruction:
Is proximal loop jejunostomy a useful adjunct in the management of multiple intestinal suture lines in the septic abdomen?
### Response:
| Use of a loop jejunostomy to protect suture lines in the septic abdomen justifies consideration of this procedure in selected patients. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Phenol butyrate inhibit cell cycle of leukemia cell lines through up-regulation of p21WAF1/CIP1 gene ]?
### Response:
| PB could inhibit cell cycle of leukemia cell lines. The effects were mainly through up-regulation of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression. |
### Instruction:
Is tRPC3 involved in flow- and bradykinin-induced vasodilation in rat small mesenteric arteries?
### Response:
| The results suggest that TRPC3 is involved in flow- and bradykinin-induced vasodilation in rat small mesenteric arteries probably by mediating the Ca(2+) influx into endothelial cells. |
### Instruction:
Does addition of tanshinone IIA to UW solution decrease skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury?
### Response:
| UW plus tanshinone IIA increased protection against I/R injury, suggesting that tanshinone IIA has clinical value. |
### Instruction:
Does dexamethasone protect against Cisplatin-induced activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in human osteosarcoma cells?
### Response:
| These data indicate the need to carefully address the timing of glucocorticoid use in the clinical management of cancer patients. |
### Instruction:
Is the scalp an advantageous donor site for thin-skin grafts : a report on 945 harvested samples?
### Response:
| The results of this study confirm the rapidity of scalp healing compared with other donor sites. Providing patients with clear, detailed explanations helps minimize the psychological impact of having their heads shaved, and a rigorous technique can contain the two major potential risks: hemorrhage and alopecia. The adult scalp seems to be a donor site to be exploited whenever possible. |
### Instruction:
Does dementia severity of the care receiver predict procoagulant response in Alzheimer caregivers?
### Response:
| Dementia severity of the care recipient was associated with increasing hypercoagulability among elderly caregivers. Effect size estimates suggest that such D-dimer increases may have clinical implications, particularly among late-stage caregivers. |
### Instruction:
Does novel HSF4 mutation cause congenital total white cataract in a Chinese family?
### Response:
| These results identified a novel missense mutation R74H in the transcription factor gene HSF4 in a Chinese cataract family and expand the spectrum of HSF4 mutations causing cataract. |
### Instruction:
Does melanin differentially protect from the initiation and progression of threshold UV-induced erythema depending on UV waveband?
### Response:
| Melanin situated near the basal epidermis may not protect from the initial development of threshold erythema caused by 290 nm UV because it penetrates poorly past the stratum corneum and is not well absorbed by melanin in vivo compared with 310 nm UV. Higher erythemal 290 nm UV doses may reach basal epidermal melanin, which may then afford protection against further 290 nm UV erythema. |
### Instruction:
Does magnetic resonance quantitative myocardial perfusion reserve demonstrate improved myocardial blood flow after angiogenic implant therapy?
### Response:
| Quantitative MR myocardial first pass perfusion imaging can be used to track the development of angiogenesis as corroborated by radioactive microspheres. Angiogenic implant therapy is a new device based therapy that has potential to protect an ischemic region by accelerating angiogenesis although further research is necessary with this device. |
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