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### Instruction:
Does infliximab suppress the tuberculin skin test ( purified protein derivative )?
### Response:
| Infliximab use does not suppress the skin reaction to tuberculin. We confirm the booster phenomenon and that the PPD skin test has an acceptable interobserver reliability for an in vivo test. |
### Instruction:
Does embolization before radiosurgery reduce the obliteration rate of arteriovenous malformations?
### Response:
| Embolization before radiosurgery significantly decreases the obliteration rate, even in AVMs with the same volume, location, and marginal dose. Although an excellent outcome rate was higher in the group without embolization, this was not statistically significant. |
### Instruction:
Are older donor allografts associated with poor patient survival after living donor liver transplantation for hepatitis B virus-related liver diseases?
### Response:
| Our study suggests that older donor allografts would be associated with poor patient survival after LDLT for HBV-related liver diseases. |
### Instruction:
Is the endocardial extent of reperfused first-time myocardial infarction more predictive of pathologic Q waves than is infarct transmurality : a magnetic resonance imaging study?
### Response:
| The endocardial extent of reperfused first-time acute MI is more predictive of pathological Q waves than is MI transmurality. |
### Instruction:
Is stress hyperglycaemia an independent predictor of left ventricular remodelling after first anterior myocardial infarction in non-diabetic patients?
### Response:
| SH is a major and independent predictor of LV remodelling after anterior MI in non-diabetic patients. |
### Instruction:
Does lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 predict mortality or new ischaemic events in acute coronary syndrome patients?
### Response:
| ACS patients had higher Lp-PLA(2) levels than healthy controls. Lp-PLA(2) was significantly correlated to lipid levels but only weakly correlated or unrelated to other well-established risk markers in ACS. The risk of future cardiovascular events or mortality was not related to Lp-PLA(2) levels in ACS patients. The biological role of Lp-PLA(2) and its role as a risk marker in ACS patients still remain unclear. |
### Instruction:
Does prostate volume measured preoperatively predict for organ-confined disease in men with clinically localized prostate cancer?
### Response:
| The preoperative volume of the prostate measured by either MRI or TRUS can be used to predict for organ-confined prostate cancer. However, the value of adding the prostate volume as a variable on its own to the prediction model is limited. |
### Instruction:
Is irreversible but not reversible pulpitis associated with up-regulation of tumour necrosis factor-alpha gene expression in human pulp?
### Response:
| Tumour necrosis factor-alpha gene expression in inflamed human dental pulp tissue is positively associated with the severity of clinical symptoms. |
### Instruction:
Does exogenous oestradiol and progesterone administration cause oedema in healthy young women?
### Response:
| Neither E(2) nor E(2)-P(4) altered TER(alb) sufficiently to impact Starling forces indicating neither E(2) nor P(4) administration at these levels would likely cause oedema. |
### Instruction:
Are quality of life and psychological morbidity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome : body mass index , age and the provision of patient information significant modifiers?
### Response:
| We have shown impaired QoL and increased prevalence of psychological morbidity in PCOS compared with population norms. The perception of inadequate information about the condition correlated with poorer QoL scores. Improved information delivery may lead to an improvement in QoL and needs to be tested with an intervention study. |
### Instruction:
Are insulin resistance and plasma triglyceride level differently related to cardiac hypertrophy and arterial stiffening in hypertensive subjects?
### Response:
| These data suggest that among typical metabolic abnormalities of insulin resistance syndrome, plasma triglycerides, and insulin as well as degree of insulin resistance may contribute to cardiac hypertrophy and arterial stiffening independently of hemodynamic and hormonal factors. |
### Instruction:
Is intraoperative ultrasound with palpation still superior to intra-arterial calcium stimulation test in localising insulinoma?
### Response:
| Intraoperative ultrasound with palpation is a highly sensitive method for the localisation of insulinoma compared with other preoperative localisation techniques. |
### Instruction:
Is renal graft survival influenced by a positive flow B-cell crossmatch?
### Response:
| Neither short nor long-term graft survival of deceased donor kidneys is influenced by a positive flow B-cell IgG crossmatch, even when caused by HLA class II antibody. |
### Instruction:
Does office-based dental rehabilitation in children with special healthcare need using a pediatric sedation service model?
### Response:
| Office-based dental rehabilitation using a pediatric sedation service model in children with special needs is efficient, and can achieve average savings of $4,849 in hospital charges per patient. |
### Instruction:
Is the G-250A polymorphism in the hepatic lipase gene promoter associated with changes in hepatic lipase activity and LDL cholesterol : The KANWU Study?
### Response:
| The A-250A genotype of the LIPC gene was associated with high LDL cholesterol concentration, but the MUFA-enriched diet reduced serum LDL cholesterol concentration especially in subjects with the A-250A genotype. |
### Instruction:
Are age and drug therapy key prognostic factors for first clinical fracture in patients with primary osteoporosis?
### Response:
| Age and osteoporosis drug treatment are the main prognostic predictors of first clinical fracture in patients with T-score < or = -2.0. |
### Instruction:
Are interferon alpha receptors important for antiproliferative effect of interferon-alpha against human hepatocellular carcinoma cells?
### Response:
| The results suggest that the expression of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2c independently are important for the antiproliferative effect of IFN-alpha in HCC cells. |
### Instruction:
Is change in CA 125 levels after the first cycle of induction chemotherapy an independent predictor of epithelial ovarian tumour outcome?
### Response:
| Among well-established prognostic factors in ovarian cancers, the CA 125 change after first course of CT was independent prognostic factors for both achievement of pathological complete response and OS. |
### Instruction:
Do dnIKK2-transfected dendritic cells induce a novel population of inducible nitric oxide synthase-expressing CD4+CD25- cells with tolerogenic properties?
### Response:
| DnIKK2-Treg is a unique population of CD4CD25 T cells expressing high levels of iNOS. These cells potently inhibit T-cell response in vitro and induce prolongation of kidney allograft survival in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Do antithymocyte globulins suppress dendritic cell function by multiple mechanisms?
### Response:
| ATGs interfere with basic DC functions, suggesting that DCs are relevant targets for the immunosuppressive action of ATGs in transplantation. |
### Instruction:
Is survivin expression associated with bladder cancer presence , stage , progression , and mortality?
### Response:
| The findings of the study provide a rationale for further evaluation of Survivin and its downstream signaling pathways in bladder cancer and raise the potential for Survivin-targeted therapy for bladder cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does raf-1 activation in gastrointestinal carcinoid cells decrease tumor cell adhesion?
### Response:
| Raf-1 induction in carcinoid cells results in a significant decrease in adhesion. Furthermore, the important adhesion regulator, beta-catenin, is decreased in activated BON-raf cells. These Raf-1-related changes in adhesion may alter the metastatic phenotype of carcinoid cells. |
### Instruction:
Does hyperoxia improve oxygen consumption in the detached feline retina?
### Response:
| Hyperoxia has been shown to improve photoreceptor survival in the detached retina. The present work suggests that hyperoxia is protective because it allowed increased photoreceptor oxygen consumption. Whereas normal Po(2)s were maintained at the inner and outer border of the avascular region during hyperoxia, Q(av) was not restored to normal, suggesting that other factors are involved in photoreceptor dysfunction during detachment in addition to insufficient oxygen delivery. |
### Instruction:
Is retina-specific protein fascin 2 an actin cross-linker associated with actin bundles in photoreceptor inner segments and calycal processes?
### Response:
| These observations suggest that fascin 2 plays a role in the assembly or stabilization of inner segment and calycal process actin filament bundles in photoreceptors and that serine 39 phosphorylation reduces actin-binding and cross-linking activity and, thus, is likely to regulate the inner segment actin cytoskeleton. |
### Instruction:
Do antinociceptive synergy between the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 and bupivacaine in the rat formalin test?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that intrathecally coadministered WIN 55,212-2 and bupivacaine provide synergistic antinociceptive interaction in both phases of the formalin test. |
### Instruction:
Does bilateral ilioinguinal nerve block decrease morphine consumption in female patients undergoing nonlaparoscopic gynecologic surgery?
### Response:
| The use of bilateral ilioinguinal nerve block for postoperative analgesia after hysterectomy decreased morphine consumption by one-half during the first two postoperative days without differences in side effects from morphine between groups. |
### Instruction:
Does risk factors for first trimester miscarriage -- result from a UK-population-based case-control study?
### Response:
| The results confirm that advice to encourage a healthy diet, reduce stress and promote emotional wellbeing might help women in early pregnancy (or planning a pregnancy) reduce their risk of miscarriage. Findings of increased risk associated with previous termination, stress, change of partner and low pre-pregnancy weight are noteworthy, and we recommend further work to confirm these findings in other study populations. |
### Instruction:
Are bcl-2 and Bcl-XL indispensable for the late phase of mast cell development from mouse embryonic stem cells?
### Response:
| For the first time we provide direct evidence that both bcl-x and bcl-2 are indispensable for mast cell survival during the late phase of their development. |
### Instruction:
Does soluble PD-1 facilitate 4-1BBL-triggered antitumor immunity against murine H22 hepatocarcinoma in vivo?
### Response:
| Our findings in this report imply a great potential of 4-1BBL in combination with sPD-1 in tumor therapeutics with the in vivo existent tumor cells as antigens. |
### Instruction:
Does silibinin inhibit renal cell carcinoma via mechanisms that are independent of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3?
### Response:
| Silibinin suppresses SN12K1 cell growth and, at high doses, increases cell death. These effects are independent of IGFBP-3. |
### Instruction:
Is diabetes mellitus associated with severe Peyronie 's disease?
### Response:
| This comparative clinical study suggests that the presence of DM as the only risk factor significantly increases the severity of PD. Furthermore, DM as a risk factor is associated with significantly worse vascular status, as shown by penile duplex Doppler ultrasonography, in men with PD. |
### Instruction:
Is skin graft failure predicted by waist-hip ratio : a marker for metabolic syndrome?
### Response:
| There is a strong correlation between truncal obesity as measured by the WHR and skin graft failure. WHR or waist circumference should be considered as a preoperative assessment tool in identifying patients at risk of surgical complications. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Extract of acanthopanacis senticosus improve sperm motility of asthenospermia patients in vitro ]?
### Response:
| The extract of acanthopanacis senticosus can improve the sperm motility of asthenospermia patients in vitro and its optimal concentration is 10 g/L. The study may provide a new drug therapy for asthenospermia. |
### Instruction:
Does cyclic mechanical strain increase production of regulators of bone healing in cultured murine osteoblasts?
### Response:
| We demonstrated simultaneous, dose-dependent increases in VEGF and TGF-beta1 protein production by osteoblastic cells in response to increasing strain. VEGF mRNA also increased in response to strain. This strain-induced increase in angiogenic cytokines suggests a potential mechanism by which injured bone may recruit a new blood supply. But we also found increasing strain to increase cellular toxicity, suggesting that cyclic mechanical strain may select for a subpopulation of osteoblasts. |
### Instruction:
Do systemic administration of polyaminergic agents modulate fear conditioning in rats?
### Response:
| These results provide evidence that systemic administration of polyamine binding site ligands modulate early consolidation of fear conditioning. |
### Instruction:
Does a multicomponent nonpharmacological intervention improve activity rhythms among nursing home residents with disrupted sleep/wake patterns?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that the intervention may effectively improve the robustness of rest/activity rhythms in NH residents. Further research is needed to examine the impact of similar interventions on other measures of circadian rhythms (e.g., body temperature, melatonin) among NH residents. |
### Instruction:
Is an interleukin-18 polymorphism associated with reduced serum concentrations and better physical functioning in older people?
### Response:
| IL-18 concentrations are associated with physical function in 65- to 80-year-olds. A polymorphism in the IL-18 gene alters IL-18 concentrations and is associated with an improvement in walk speed. IL-18 may play an active role in age-related functional impairment, but these findings need independent replication. |
### Instruction:
Does combined GM-CSF and IL-12 gene therapy synergistically suppress the growth of orthotopic liver tumors?
### Response:
| Combination therapy with GM-CSF and IL-12 represents a promising immunotherapy strategy for treating orthotopic, widespread liver tumors. |
### Instruction:
Are quantum dots phagocytized by macrophages and colocalize with experimental gliomas?
### Response:
| Quantum dots are optical nanoparticles that, when delivered in nanomole doses, are phagocytized by the macrophages and microglia that infiltrate experimental gliomas. The optical signal may be detected, allowing for improved identification and visualization of tumors, potentially augmenting brain tumor biopsy and resection. |
### Instruction:
Is time-on-task impairment of psychomotor vigilance affected by mild skin warming and changes with aging and insomnia?
### Response:
| The results are compatible with the hypothesis that the endogenous circadian variation of skin temperature could modulate vigilance regulating brain areas and thus contribute to the circadian rhythm in vigilance. Minute-by-minute PVT analyses revealed effects of age and insomnia not previously disclosed in studies applying time-point aggregation. Our data indicate that "age-related cognitive slowing" may result, in part, from age-related sleep problems. |
### Instruction:
Does endotoxemia contribute to the immune paralysis in patients with cirrhosis?
### Response:
| Child-Pugh class C cirrhotic patients suffer from down-regulation of HLA-DR expression. Endotoxemia, possibly mediated by IL-10, contributes to this HLA-DR down-regulation. |
### Instruction:
Does prior intraperitoneal injection of rat recombinant IL-6 increase hypothalamic IL-6 contents in subsequent forced swim stressor in rats?
### Response:
| Our results suggested that stressor alone had no influence on plasma IL-6 levels and IL-6 mRNA expression levels in midbrain and hypothalamus, but administration of rrIL-6 followed by FS significantly increased hypothalamic IL-6. Our results support the notion that the interaction between IL-6 and stressor might have implications for the pathophysiology of IL-6-induced depressive symptoms. |
### Instruction:
Are elevated plasma asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine levels linked to endothelial progenitor cell depletion and carotid atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| Plasma asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine levels are elevated in RA patients free of cardiovascular disease or risk factors. Asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine accumulation may contribute to endothelial progenitor cell depletion via depressed NO-dependent endothelial progenitor cell mobilization and/or survival, with consequent impairment of endothelial progenitor cell-mediated endothelial repair, which can promote atherogenesis in RA. |
### Instruction:
Is the oral contraceptive containing 30 microg of ethinylestradiol plus 3 mg of drospirenone able to antagonize the increase of extracellular water occurring in healthy young women during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle : an observational study?
### Response:
| EE+DRSP maintains the same concentrations in TBW and ECW observed in the FP. This effect is likely due to the antimineralocorticoid activity of DRSP, which counteracts the water retention elicited by estrogen. |
### Instruction:
Does multivariate analysis of the Fugl-Meyer outcome measure assessing the effectiveness of GENTLE/S robot-mediated stroke therapy?
### Response:
| This study has applied a new method for analysing clinical data obtained from rehabilitation robotics studies. While the data obtained during the clinical trial is of multivariate nature, having multipoint and progressive nature, the multiple regression model used showed great potential for drawing conclusions from this study. An important conclusion to draw from this paper is that this study has shown that the intervention and control phase both caused changes over a period of 9 sessions in comparison to the baseline. This might indicate that use of new challenging and motivational therapies can influence the outcome of therapies at a point when clinical changes are not expected. Further work is required to investigate the effects arising from early intervention, longer exposure and intensity of the therapies. Finally, more function-oriented robot-mediated therapies or sling-suspension therapies are needed to clarify the effects resulting from each intervention for stroke recovery. |
### Instruction:
Does previous palliation in patients with tetralogy of Fallot influence the outcome of later repair?
### Response:
| The outcome of patients undergoing repair of tetralogy of Fallot is not influenced in terms of either mortality or morbidity by an initial palliative procedure. |
### Instruction:
Does the fibrinogen -148 C/T polymorphism influence inflammatory response in experimental endotoxemia in vivo?
### Response:
| Our findings indicate, that the common -148 C/T polymorphism is associated with differences in the TNFalpha release in response to systemic LPS infusion in humans, and add to current evidence that gene-sequence changes in beta-fibrinogen locus can alter the ability of the host to respond to endotoxin. |
### Instruction:
Do histone deacetylase inhibitors induce apoptosis in both Type I and Type II endometrial cancer cells?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that oxamflatin and HDAC inhibitor-1 have potent cytotoxicity in endometrial cancer cells by inducing cell apoptosis. Histone deacetylase inhibitors are promising agents for the treatment of both Type I and II endometrial carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Does acetic acid allow effective selection of areas for obtaining biopsy samples in Barrett 's esophagus?
### Response:
| This prospective study shows that acetic acid test is useful for standard, nonmagnifying, endoscopic detection of dysplasia and cancer in Barrett's esophagus. |
### Instruction:
Is sustained virological response to interferon-alpha associated with improved outcome in HCV-related cirrhosis : a retrospective study?
### Response:
| Thus, in patients with HCV-related, histologically proven cirrhosis, achievement of a SVR after IFNalpha therapy was associated with a reduction of liver-related mortality lowering both the risk of complications and HCC development. Irrespective of SVR achievement, all patients should continue surveillance because the risk of occurrence of HCC was not entirely avoided. |
### Instruction:
Is sequential broadening of CTL responses in early HIV-1 infection associated with viral escape?
### Response:
| A continuous dynamic development of CTL responses was associated with viral escape from temporarily effective immune responses. Our results suggest that broad CTL responses often represent footprints left by viral CTL escape rather than effective immune control, and help explain earlier findings that fail to show an association between breadth of CTL responses and viral load. Our results also demonstrate that CTL pressures help to maintain certain elements of consensus viral sequence, which likely represent viral escape from common HLA-restricted CTL responses. The ability of HIV to evolve to escape CTL responses restricted by a common HLA type highlights the challenges posed to development of an effective CTL-based vaccine. |
### Instruction:
Does adiponectin independently predict metabolic syndrome in overweight Latino youth?
### Response:
| Hypoadiponectinemia is an independent biomarker of the metabolic syndrome, and thus, adiponectin may play a role in the pathophysiology of the disorder in overweight youth. |
### Instruction:
Is uncomplicated type 1 diabetes associated with increased asymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations?
### Response:
| We demonstrated that ADMA increases and L-arginine to ADMA ratio decreases, even before the development of vascular complications in type 1 DM. |
### Instruction:
Does antidonor humoral transfer induce transplant arteriosclerosis in aortic and cardiac graft models in rats?
### Response:
| The transplant arterial occlusive lesion is demonstrated here (1) to be induced by humoral antidonor immunity and (2) to be linked to an adventitial or perivascular inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Do amino acids stimulate leg muscle protein synthesis in peripheral arterial disease?
### Response:
| Despite reduced leg blood flow, elderly PAD patients synthesize calf muscle protein in the basal state in a fashion similar to that in healthy elderly people. More importantly, administration of exogenous amino acids produces a significant increase in protein synthesis in these patients that is also equivalent to that in healthy elderly people. Our goal is to use these results as the basis for an intervention study to determine whether long-term oral amino acids, by augmenting calf muscle protein synthesis, increase calf muscle mass, walking ability, and functional status in elderly claudicants. |
### Instruction:
Does hochu-ekki-to inhibit rhinovirus infection in human tracheal epithelial cells?
### Response:
| Hochu-ekki-to inhibited RV14 infection by decreasing ICAM-1 and by blocking entry of viral RNA into the cytoplasm from the endosomes, in airway epithelial cells. Glycyrrhizin may be partly responsible for inhibition of RV infection by hochu-ekki-to. Hochu-ekki-to could modulate airway inflammation by reducing production of cytokines in RV infections. |
### Instruction:
Does cardiac power output predict mortality across a broad spectrum of patients with acute cardiac disease?
### Response:
| Cardiac power output is a strong, independent predictor of inhospital mortality in a broad spectrum of patients with primary cardiac disease undergoing PAC. |
### Instruction:
Are nidogen 1 and 2 gene promoters aberrantly methylated in human gastrointestinal cancer?
### Response:
| These results suggest that loss of nidogens expression has a potential pathogenetic role in colon and stomach tumorigenesis. Nidogens are believed to connect laminin and collagen IV networks, hence stabilizing the basement membrane structure. Nidogens are also important for cell adhesion, as they establish contacts with various cellular integrins. Loss of nidogen expression may favor invasion and metastasis of cancer cells by loosening cell interaction with basal membrane and by weakening the strength of the basement membrane itself, first barrier from the connective vascularized matrix. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Continuous inhalation of allergen induce immunotolerance in a mouse asthma model ]?
### Response:
| The results show that continuous allergen inhalation suppresses allergen-induced airway inflammation and produces immunotolerance, in which IL-10 may play an important role. |
### Instruction:
Is distribution of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia across the cervix random?
### Response:
| Contrary to previous assumptions, histologically confirmed CIN lesions are randomly distributed across the cervix site. |
### Instruction:
Does deletion of the chemokine receptor CCR1 prolong corneal allograft survival?
### Response:
| These studies provide, for the first time, evidence that targeting of specific chemokine pathways can significantly promote survival of corneal transplants, and suggest that select deletion or suppression of CCR1 can be a useful therapeutic target in corneal transplant immunity. |
### Instruction:
Does erythropoietin promote survival of retinal ganglion cells in DBA/2J glaucoma mice?
### Response:
| EPO promoted RGC survival in DBA/2J glaucomatous mice without affecting IOP. These results suggest that EPO may be a potential therapeutic neuroprotectant in glaucoma. |
### Instruction:
Does chondroitin sulfate-derived disaccharide protect retinal cells from elevated intraocular pressure in aged and immunocompromised rats?
### Response:
| Results point to the therapeutic potential of CSPG-DS for glaucoma, particularly in elderly populations for whom disease prevalence is high. |
### Instruction:
Do pattern of severe electrical injuries in a Nigerian regional burn centre?
### Response:
| Late presentation of patients to specialised centres, inadequate management at the primary centres of treatment, poverty and inadequate facilities even at the specialised centres were the main problems encountered. We recommend re-education of the populace including medical practitioners, enforcement of safety rules in the home and workplaces and upgrading of our health facilities to decrease the menace of severe electrical injuries. |
### Instruction:
Does pegvisomant interference in GH assays result in underestimation of GH levels?
### Response:
| The presence of pegvisomant resulted in artefactually low measured GH in most assays. We speculate this fall is due to assay antibody-binding pegvisomant, reducing the amount of available antibody to bind actual GH thereby producing less sandwich formation: the 'high-dose hook' effect. In most assays, this effect is modest and results in lower GH, but the level of interference makes them unsuitable for studies on the influence of pegvisomant on GH neuroregulation. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Mild hypothermia attenuate neuronal apoptosis after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rats ]?
### Response:
| Mild hypothermia treatment attenuates neuronal apoptosis following HIBD, possibly through a reduction in Cyt c release from mitochondria and an inhibition of caspase-3 mRNA expression and its enzyme activity. |
### Instruction:
Is hepcidin down-regulated in alcohol loading?
### Response:
| Alcohol loading down-regulates hepatic hepcidin expression and leads to the increase of iron absorption from the intestine. |
### Instruction:
Is metabolic syndrome associated with abnormal left ventricular diastolic function independent of left ventricular mass?
### Response:
| Patients with metabolic syndrome have LV diastolic dysfunction independent of LV mass. These functional abnormalities may partially explain the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with metabolic syndrome. |
### Instruction:
Does repeat length polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene influence pulmonary artery pressure in heart failure?
### Response:
| These results suggest that the LL variant of the 5-HTT is associated with elevated PAP in patients with HF. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Retinoic acid inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced injury in human lung epithelial cells ]?
### Response:
| RA relieves the injury of alveolar epithelial cells and protects the pulmonary surfactant by inhibiting the destruction of TNF-alpha to type II lung alveolar epithelial cells. |
### Instruction:
Are biologic markers of breast cancer in nipple aspirate fluid and nipple discharge associated with clinical findings?
### Response:
| NAF and clinical biomarkers are sensitive predictors of whether a breast contains cancer, and may ultimately help guide treatment. Future studies to determine the optimal combination of predictive markers are warranted. |
### Instruction:
Does prophylactic [ corrected ] granisetron prevent postdelivery nausea and vomiting during elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia?
### Response:
| Despite strict control of the causative factors, IONV still affects 18% of patients undergoing elective CD, and prophylactic granisetron 1 mg is ineffective under the studied circumstances. |
### Instruction:
Does acupuncture stimulation of ST36 ( Zusanli ) attenuate acute renal but not hepatic injury in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rats?
### Response:
| ST36 acupuncture pretreatment significantly attenuated sepsis-induced kidney, but not liver, injury in rats, whereas ST36 acupuncture performed after sepsis induction had no protective effects against sepsis-induced organ injuries. |
### Instruction:
Does cia25 on rat chromosome 12 regulate severity of autoimmune arthritis induced with pristane and with collagen?
### Response:
| Cia25 contains a gene that regulates disease severity in two distinct models of autoimmune arthritis. Although both genders were protected in arthritis studies, only male congenic rats had a dramatic reduction in levels of anti-CII, suggesting the possibility of a second arthritis gene in this interval that operates via the regulation of autoantibodies in a sex-specific manner. The identification of the gene(s) accounting for Cia25 is expected to generate novel prognostic biomarkers and targets for therapy. |
### Instruction:
Do baculovirus-mediated gene transfer and recombinant protein expression interfere with insulin dependent phosphorylation of PKB/Akt in human SHSY-5Y and C3A cells?
### Response:
| Widely-used adenovirus vectors for gene delivery cause a state of insulin unresponsiveness in human SHSY-5Y and C3A cells in culture due to the activation of central protein kinases of the insulin signalling pathway. This phenomenon can be avoided when studying insulin signalling by using recombinant baculovirus as a heterologous viral expression system. In addition, our data may contribute to an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying baculovirus infection of human cells. |
### Instruction:
Do human cord blood CD133+ cells immunoselected by a clinical-grade apparatus differentiate in vitro into endothelial- and cardiomyocyte-like cells?
### Response:
| The appearance of both endothelial- and cardiomyocyte-like cells from parallel cultures of frozen-thawed-immunoselected UCB CD133+ cells by a clinical-grade method and previously reported data on lack of major signs of rejection of these cells in immunocompetent rats subjected to experimental liver damage suggest a possible role of these allogeneic HSCs in cell therapies designed for regenerative treatments of ischemic diseases of human myocardium. |
### Instruction:
Is the G-protein coupled bile salt receptor TGR5 expressed in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells?
### Response:
| The data suggest that SEC are directly responsive toward specific bile salts. Regulation of eNOS in SEC by TGR5 connects bile salts with hepatic hemodynamics. This is of particular importance in cholestatic livers when bile salt concentrations are increased. |
### Instruction:
Does deletion of the sphingosine kinase-1 gene influence cell fate during hypoxia and glucose deprivation in adult mouse cardiomyocytes?
### Response:
| As the effect of GM-1 is blocked both at the receptor and the G-protein (Gi) levels, we conclude that S1P generated by GM-1 treatment must be exported from the cell and acts in a paracrine or autocrine manner to couple with its cognate receptor. |
### Instruction:
Do proteasome inhibitors synergize with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-induced ligand to induce anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell death?
### Response:
| The combination of proteasome inhibitors and TRAIL synergizes to induce the destruction of chemoresistant neoplastic thyrocytes and could represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Does fasting hyperglycemia impair glucose- but not insulin-mediated suppression of glucagon secretion?
### Response:
| Insulin-mediated suppression of glucagon secretion is unrelated to the fasting plasma glucose concentration and is not impaired by chronic hyperglycemia. Thus, the defect in plasma glucagon suppression during the OGTT most likely results from impaired glucose-mediated glucagon suppression. The close correlation between fasting plasma glucose concentration and reduced glucagon suppression suggests a glucotoxic effect on alpha-cell function. |
### Instruction:
Is nectin-1 a marker of thyroid cancer sensitivity to herpes oncolytic therapy?
### Response:
| NV1023 causes significant cytotoxicity of anaplastic, medullary, and papillary thyroid cancers. Nectin-1 is a novel marker of thyroid cancer sensitivity to herpes oncolytic therapy that might guide patient selection for therapy. |
### Instruction:
Do tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes predict sentinel lymph node positivity in patients with cutaneous melanoma?
### Response:
| The absence of TILs, together with increasing Breslow thickness, presence of ulceration and male sex, predicts SLN metastasis in patients undergoing SLN biopsy for primary cutaneous melanoma. |
### Instruction:
Are pinopodes present in Lif null and Hoxa10 null mice?
### Response:
| Lif null and Hoxa10 null mice, in which implantation is impaired, have a similar number of pinopodes to fertile ICR mice. Pinopodes do not define a window of implantation in mice. |
### Instruction:
Do [ The protect effect of flavonoids from Cuscuta chinensis in PC12 cells from damage induced by H2O2 ]?
### Response:
| CF can protect PC12 cells against oxidative stress. The mechanism of it may be the ability of scavenging ROS and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzyme. |
### Instruction:
Does the angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist valsartan attenuate pathological ventricular hypertrophy induced by hyperhomocysteinemia in rats?
### Response:
| Results from this study suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia-induced hypertension and ventricular hypertrophy in rats are mediated, at least partly; by Ang II activation of AT1-receptors. |
### Instruction:
Do kinetics of NREM delta EEG power density across NREM periods depend on age and on delta-band designation?
### Response:
| The findings that all normalized "delta" electroencephalogram bands in children showed a curvilinear decline across NREMPs that was steeper than that in young adults confirms observations of others and refutes our hypothesis that the decline would be linear with the same slope we found in young adults and elderly. Whether the decline in normalized power in young adults appears linear or curvilinear depends on whether the convex trend of VLF power is included. |
### Instruction:
Is depression associated with worse patency and recurrent leg symptoms after lower extremity revascularization?
### Response:
| Depression is common among patients undergoing intervention for symptomatic PAD. After intervention, patients with depression have worse outcomes for the affected leg. Prospective analysis is required to confirm these results. |
### Instruction:
Is somatostatin-receptor-targeted alpha-emitting 213Bi therapeutically more effective than beta ( - ) -emitting 177Lu in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells?
### Response:
| In conclusion, at the same absorbed dose, [(213)Bi]DOTATOC is therapeutically more effective in decreasing survival than is [(177)Lu]DOTATOC in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells due to its comparatively higher RBE. |
### Instruction:
Is stearic acid well absorbed from short- and long-acyl-chain triacylglycerol in an acute test meal?
### Response:
| The apparent absorption of stearic acid does not differ from its absorption from natural fats. The status of Salatrim as a low-energy fat substitute needs to be re-evaluated. |
### Instruction:
Does repeat trigeminal nerve radiosurgery for refractory cluster headache fail to provide long-term pain relief?
### Response:
| Repeat radiosurgery of the trigeminal nerve fails to provide long-term pain relief for MRCH. Given the reported failures of initial and repeat radiosurgery for MRCH, trigeminal nerve radiosurgery should not be offered for MRCH. |
### Instruction:
Does prevalence and correlate of disruptive behavior in patients in Norwegian nursing homes?
### Response:
| Symptoms of agitation were common, but may nevertheless be lower compared to findings in other geographical areas. Further studies are warranted to test this hypothesis, and if confirmed, to explore possible causes for such differences. |
### Instruction:
Is acute lower limb ischemia a frequent complication of severe diabetic hyperosmolarity?
### Response:
| HHNS is a rare but life-threatening cause of ICU admission. There is a high incidence of lower limb ischemia in HHNS patients, which may be related to dehydration and blood hyperviscosity. |
### Instruction:
Does early-phase endotoxic shock-induced myocardial injury increase iNOS and selectin expression in macaque primate?
### Response:
| The increase of iNOS, L-selectin and P-selectin protein expression following endotoxin administration may have caused vessel injury and myocardial damage in macaques. |
### Instruction:
Do meta-regression analysis of high-frequency ventilation vs conventional ventilation in infant respiratory distress syndrome?
### Response:
| Variation in ventilation strategies that were used in trials comparing HFV with CMV in premature neonates offered the most likely explanation for the observed differences in the outcome of these trials compared with other explanatory factors. |
### Instruction:
Do lRP5 coding polymorphisms influence the variation of peak bone mass in a normal population of French-Canadian women?
### Response:
| The two LRP5 polymorphisms were found to be associated with all five bone measures (L2L4 and femoral neck DXA as well as heel SOS, BUA and stiffness index) in the whole sample. Premenopausal women drove the association as expected from the proposed role of LRP5 in peak bone mass. Our results suggest that the Val667Met polymorphism is the causative variant but this remains to be functionally proven. |
### Instruction:
Do women have thinner cartilage and smaller joint surfaces than men after adjustment for body height and weight?
### Response:
| Men have greater knee cABs, ThC and VC than females even after correction for height and weight. Nonetheless, estimated tibial and patellar pressures are similar between sexes and thus are unlikely to account for the sex differences in OA incidence. |
### Instruction:
Does pRO 2000 elicit a decline in genital tract immune mediators without compromising intrinsic antimicrobial activity?
### Response:
| In contrast to experience with nonoxynol-9, PRO 2000 did not trigger an inflammatory response in cervicovaginal secretions. There was a modest reduction in mucosal immune mediators, but this loss was not associated with a reduction in intrinsic antimicrobial activity. |
### Instruction:
Is leucine 7-proline 7 polymorphism in the signal peptide of neuropeptide Y a risk factor for exudative age-related macular degeneration?
### Response:
| Leu7Pro polymorphism in the signal peptide region of the human prepro-NPY is not a risk factor for exudative AMD. |
### Instruction:
Does high-altitude ancestry protect against hypoxia-associated reductions in fetal growth?
### Response:
| Andean relative to European ancestry protects against altitude-associated reductions in fetal growth. The intermediate protection seen in the admixed (Mestizo) group is consistent with the influence of genetic or other Andean-specific protective characteristics. |
### Instruction:
Are genetic polymorphisms of NOD1 and IL-8 , but not polymorphisms of TLR4 genes , associated with Helicobacter pylori-induced duodenal ulcer and gastritis?
### Response:
| E266K CARD4/NOD1, but not the TLR4 gene polymorphism increases the risk of peptic ulceration in H. pylori-positive patients. The -251 IL-8 polymorphism was significantly associated with either gastritis or DU in H. pylori-infected subjects. Host factors including intracellular pathogen receptors and IL-8 production play an important role in H. pylori-induced gastric mucosal damage. |
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