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### Instruction:
Do expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in stifle joint synovial tissues of dogs with or without osteoarthritis?
### Response:
| Increased TLR-4 gene expression in the synovial tissue of SJs with osteoarthritis secondary to CrCLt suggests that activation of innate immunity may play a role in the pathophysiology of SJ osteoarthritis in at least a subset of dogs. |
### Instruction:
Is lactoferrin a novel predictor of fatal ischemic heart disease in diabetes mellitus type 2 : long-term follow-up of the HUNT 1 study?
### Response:
| Increased baseline concentration of lactoferrin strongly predicted the long-term risk for fatal ischemic heart disease in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes. Based on the literature, we hypothesize that the increased concentrations may reflect neutrophil priming caused by hyperglycemia. |
### Instruction:
Is the patient activity scale-II a generic indicator of active disease in patients with rheumatic disorders?
### Response:
| PAS-II can be used as a generic self-report indicator of active disease across different rheumatic disorders, and not just in rheumatoid arthritis. The strength of the relationship with disease activity is weak and physician-derived indicators remain very important. |
### Instruction:
Does leptin inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by angiotensin II through nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms?
### Response:
| Leptin blocks the proliferative response to Ang II through NO-dependent mechanisms. The attenuation of this inhibitory effect of leptin in spontaneous hypertension appears to be due to a reduced NO bioavailability in VSMCs. |
### Instruction:
Does brain mu-opioid receptor binding predict treatment outcome in cocaine-abusing outpatients?
### Response:
| Elevated mOR binding in brain regions associated with reward sensitivity is a significant independent predictor of treatment outcome in cocaine-abusing outpatients, suggesting a key role for the brain endogenous opioid system in cocaine addiction. |
### Instruction:
Does hypoxia-induced mitogenic factor ( HIMF/FIZZ1/RELM alpha ) recruit bone marrow-derived cells to the murine pulmonary vasculature?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate HIMF-dependent recruitment of BMD mesenchymal-like cells to the remodeling pulmonary vasculature. |
### Instruction:
Does loss of GM-CSF signalling in non-haematopoietic cells increase NSAID ileal injury?
### Response:
| Loss of GM-CSF signalling in non-haematopoietic cells increases NSAID ileal injury; furthermore, GM-CSF signalling in non-haematopoietic cells regulates ileal epithelial homeostasis via the STAT5 pathway. The therapeutic use of GM-CSF may therefore be beneficial in chronic ileitis associated with CD. |
### Instruction:
Does macrophage migration inhibitory factor promote tumor growth in the context of lung injury and repair?
### Response:
| Lung injury leads to increased expression of the cytokine MIF, which results in protection from apoptosis and increased proliferation in orthotopic tumors injected after the acute phase of injury. |
### Instruction:
Is pROKR2 associated with methamphetamine dependence in the Japanese population?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that PROKR2 may play a role in the pathophysiology of methamphetamine dependence in the Japanese population. However, because we did not perform a mutation scan of PROKR2, a replication study using a larger sample may be required for conclusive results. |
### Instruction:
Does resveratrol suppress body mass gain in a seasonal non-human primate model of obesity?
### Response:
| These results suggest that in a non-human primate, resveratrol reduces body-mass gain by increasing satiety and resting metabolic rate, and by inhibiting torpor expression. The measured anorectic gut hormones did not seem to play a major role in these observations. |
### Instruction:
Do underutilization of prescribed drugs use among first generation elderly immigrants in the Netherlands?
### Response:
| Need and predisposing factors (acculturation) are the strongest determinants for drugs utilization among elderly immigrants. Significant drugs underutilization exists among migrants with diabetes and musculoskeletal disorders. |
### Instruction:
Does 2-Deoxy-D-glucose activate autophagy via endoplasmic reticulum stress rather than ATP depletion?
### Response:
| Overall, these results indicate that the major mechanism by which 2-DG stimulates autophagy is through ER stress/UPR and not by lowering ATP levels. Furthermore, autophagy plays a protective role against 2-DG-elicited cell death apparently by relieving ER stress. These data suggest that combining autophagy inhibitors with 2-DG may be useful clinically. |
### Instruction:
Do fucose-deficient hematopoietic stem cells have decreased self-renewal and aberrant marrow niche occupancy?
### Response:
| The current reported aberrant niche occupancy by HSCs from FX(-/-) mice, in the context of a faulty blood lineage homeostasis and HSC dysfunction in mice expressing Notch receptors deficient in O-fucosylation, suggests that fucosylation-modified Notch receptor may represent a novel extrinsic regulator for HSC engraftment and HSC niche maintenance. |
### Instruction:
Is heart rate associated with red blood cell fatty acid concentration : the Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives ( GOCADAN ) study?
### Response:
| Marine omega-3 FAs are associated with lower HR, whereas palmitoleic and DGLA, previously identified as associated with saturated FA consumption and directly related to cardiovascular mortality, are associated with higher HR. These relations may at least partially explain the relations between omega-3 FAs, ventricular arrhythmia, and sudden death. |
### Instruction:
Does early ST-segment recovery after primary percutaneous coronary intervention accurately predict long-term prognosis after acute myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| Early STR assessment has strong, long-term prognostic properties in all-comer STEMI patients. Moreover, the prognostic power of early STR is not restricted to the early recovery phase after STEMI, but identifies high-risk subgroups among 1-year survivors. |
### Instruction:
Does the strength profile of the thoracolumbar endplate reflect the sagittal contours of the spine?
### Response:
| the periphery of the thoracolumbar endplate was stronger than the center. The difference in posterior to anterior ndplate strength ratio between vertebral levels suggests a relative strength increase in the anterior aspect of the endplate with rostral ascent into the thoracic spine. |
### Instruction:
Does the number of axillary lymph nodes involved with metastatic breast cancer affect outcome as long as all disease is confined to the sentinel lymph nodes?
### Response:
| The number of nodes involved with metastatic disease does not impact OS and DFS if all disease is confined to the SLNs. Non-SLN involvement negatively influences OS and DFS independent of the number of positive nodes. |
### Instruction:
Does low-dose creatine supplementation enhance fatigue resistance in the absence of weight gain?
### Response:
| Ingesting a low dose (≈2.3 g/d) of creatine for 6 wk significantly increased plasma creatine concentration and enhanced resistance to fatigue during repeated bouts of high-intensity contractions. |
### Instruction:
Are embryonic vascular endothelial cells malleable to reprogramming via Prox1 to a lymphatic gene signature?
### Response:
| We present a novel mouse model that addresses the importance of Prox1 in early embryonic lymphangiogenesis. It is clear that there needs to be a measured pattern of expression of Prox1 during embryonic development. Furthermore, Prox1 reprograms vascular endothelial cells in vivo by creating a molecular signature to that of a lymphatic endothelial cell. |
### Instruction:
Does short duration exhaustive running exercise modify lipid hydroperoxide , glutathione peroxidase and catalase?
### Response:
| As a result, it may be claimed that short duration exhaustive exercise test produced no important changes in LOOH, GPx and CAT levels. And exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative stress may be related with exercise duration. |
### Instruction:
Do ex vivo changes in blood glucose levels seldom change blood glucose control algorithm recommendations?
### Response:
| Ex vivo changes in blood glucose levels, although statistically significant, seem clinically irrelevant. |
### Instruction:
Are transcobalamin II receptor polymorphisms associated with increased risk for neural tube defects?
### Response:
| TCblR rs2336573 (G220R) and TCblR rs9426 represent a significant risk factor in NTD cases in the Irish population. The homozygous risk genotype was not detected in nearly 1000 controls, indicating that this NTD risk factor may be of low frequency and high penetrance. 9 other variants are in perfect linkage disequilibrium with the associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. Additional work is required to identify the disease-causing variant. Our data suggest that variation in TCblR plays a role in NTD risk and that these variants may modulate cobalamin metabolism. |
### Instruction:
Does improving target delineation on 4-dimensional CT scan in stage I NSCLC using a deformable registration tool?
### Response:
| ITVs created in stage I tumors using DR were closer to 'clinically optimal' ITVs than was the case with a MIP-modified approach. |
### Instruction:
Is fAUC/MIC the most predictive pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic index of colistin against Acinetobacter baumannii in murine thigh and lung infection models?
### Response:
| This study indicates the importance of achieving adequate time-averaged exposure to colistin and defined target fAUC/MIC values for various magnitudes of kill. Amplification of resistant subpopulations indicates the importance of investigating rational combinations with colistin. The results will facilitate efforts to optimize colistin use in humans. |
### Instruction:
Is insulin detemir a fully efficacious , low affinity agonist at the insulin receptor?
### Response:
| Insulin detemir is fully efficacious compared with human insulin on all metabolic endpoints measured in vitro and in vivo. The fact that the potency estimates are method-dependent emphasizes the importance of establishing full dose-response relationships when characterizing insulin detemir. |
### Instruction:
Does nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-2 inhibit toll-like receptor-4 signaling in the intestinal epithelium?
### Response:
| These findings reveal a novel inhibitory interaction between TLR4 and NOD2 signaling in enterocytes leading to the regulation of enterocyte apoptosis and suggest a therapeutic role for NOD2 in the protection of intestinal diseases such as NEC. |
### Instruction:
Do post-treatment circulating plasma BMP6 mRNA and H3K27 methylation levels discriminate metastatic prostate cancer from localized disease?
### Response:
| Our study provides evidence that post-treatment analysis of cBMP6 mRNA and H3K27me3 may be used to distinguish metastatic PCa from organ confined, locally controlled disease. |
### Instruction:
Does large snake size suggest increased snakebite severity in patients bitten by rattlesnakes in Southern california?
### Response:
| Larger rattlesnakes cause more severe envenomations, which contradicts popular belief. |
### Instruction:
Does vipera berus bite in the Region of Southwest Poland -- a clinical analysis of 26 cases?
### Response:
| Moderate envenomation prevailed among the patients analyzed in the study. Antivenom treatment is primarily necessary in cases of severe (grade 3) and in some cases of moderate (grade 2) envenomation, especially in patients with persistent or recurring hypotension. |
### Instruction:
Is activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase essential for mitochondrial membrane potential change and apoptosis induced by doxycycline in melanoma cells?
### Response:
| We have shown a promising cytotoxic effect of doxycycline on melanoma cells, have identified ROS and ASK1 as the possible initiators and have demonstrated that JNK activation is necessary for doxycycline-induced melanoma cell apoptosis. |
### Instruction:
Is painful diabetic neuropathy associated with greater autonomic dysfunction than painless diabetic neuropathy?
### Response:
| This study shows that painful DPN is associated with significantly greater autonomic dysfunction than painless DPN. These changes are only detected using spectral analysis of HRV (a simple test based on a 5-min electrocardiogram recording), suggesting that it is a more sensitive tool to detect autonomic dysfunction, which is still under-detected in people with diabetes. The greater autonomic dysfunction seen in painful DPN may reflect more predominant small fiber involvement and adds to the growing evidence of its role in the pathophysiology of painful DPN. |
### Instruction:
Is anterior perirectal fat tissue thickness a strong predictor of recurrence after high-intensity focused ultrasound for prostate cancer?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that APFT thickness, for which obesity could be a useful surrogate, might represent the causative factor for poor clinical outcome after transrectal HIFU treatment for CaP. |
### Instruction:
Do clinical and radiological courses differ between fluid-attenuated inversion recovery-positive and negative patients with stroke after thrombolysis?
### Response:
| Visibility of lesions on FLAIR in areas of diffusion restriction was not predictive of the response to thrombolysis. |
### Instruction:
Are psychological disorders after stroke an important influence on functional outcomes : a prospective cohort study?
### Response:
| Currently, the assessment of psychological distress is concentrated in the first weeks after stroke. Our results suggest that the timing of assessment and intervention needs to be reconsidered to take into account the trajectory of psychological symptoms rather than assessment at a single time point. |
### Instruction:
Are prostaglandin metabolising enzymes and PGE2 inversely correlated with vitamin D receptor and 25 ( OH ) 2D3 in breast cancer?
### Response:
| The inverse correlation between VDR and both COX-2 and 15-PGDH, as well as between PGE(2) and 25(OH)(2)D(3) levels, suggests a possible link between VDR-associated target genes and prostaglandin metabolism. |
### Instruction:
Does cXCR4 gene transfer contribute to in vivo reendothelialization capacity of endothelial progenitor cells?
### Response:
| The present study demonstrates that CXCR4 gene transfer contributes to the enhanced in vivo reendothelialization capacity of EPCs. Up-regulation of CXCR4 in human EPCs may become a novel therapeutic target for endothelial repair. |
### Instruction:
Do the neural correlates of Neuroticism differ by sex prospectively mediate depressive symptoms among older women?
### Response:
| Neuroticism was associated with stable neural activity in regions implicated in emotional processing and regulation for women but not men. Among women, Neuroticism prospectively predicted depressive symptoms through greater activity in the right hippocampus, suggesting one neural mechanism between Neuroticism and depression for women. Identifying responsible mechanisms for the association between Neuroticism and psychiatric disorders may help guide research on pharmacological interventions for such disorders across the lifespan. |
### Instruction:
Does a dimeric form of the HIV-1 antibody 2G12 elicit potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity?
### Response:
| Given the likelihood that ADCC plays a role in protecting against initial infection and/or controlling chronic infection, these data suggest 2G12 dimers and/or addition of ADCC-enhancing mutations could augment the prophylactic and/or therapeutic potential of 2G12. |
### Instruction:
Does full-length HIV-1 Gag determine protease inhibitor susceptibility within in vitro assays?
### Response:
| Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering protease inhibitor susceptibility in the context of full-length gag, particularly with respect to the range of HIV-1 subtypes circulating worldwide. |
### Instruction:
Does oral malodorous compound induce osteoclast differentiation without receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand?
### Response:
| Results demonstrate that H(2)S at physiologic concentrations in mouth air induces osteoclasts from RAW264 cells. |
### Instruction:
Are [ Patients with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea characterized by low serum inhibin B concentrations ]?
### Response:
| Patients with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea are characterized by statistical significant decrease in serum inhibin B concentration in comparison to the control group. |
### Instruction:
Does an elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio independently predict mortality in chronic critical limb ischemia?
### Response:
| This study suggests that an elevated NLR can identify a poor-risk subset of patients among those being treated for critical limb ischemia. This simple, inexpensive test may, therefore, add to risk stratification of these high-risk patients. |
### Instruction:
Is prognosis of secondary acute myeloid leukemia affected by the type of the preceding hematologic disorders and the presence of trisomy 8?
### Response:
| Prognosis of secondary acute myeloid leukemia was different according to the type of the preceding disorders with the worst prognosis in leukemia following myeloprolfierative neoplasm. Along with cytogenetic risk grouping, trisomy 8 had a poor prognostic impact in secondary acute myeloid leukemia. |
### Instruction:
Do impact of NGO run mid day meal program on nutrition status and growth of primary school children?
### Response:
| MDM provided by the NGO has no better impact on growth of the primary school children, however, it reduced prevalence of vitamin deficiency significantly in comparison to the MDM run by Village Panchayats. |
### Instruction:
Is the CS1 segment of fibronectin involved in human OSCC pathogenesis by mediating OSCC cell spreading , migration , and invasion?
### Response:
| These data indicate that the CS-1 site of fibronectin is involved in oral cancer pathogenesis and in regulating OSCC cell spreading, migration and invasion. |
### Instruction:
Does a screening instrument for sleep apnea predict airway maneuvers in patients undergoing advanced endoscopic procedures?
### Response:
| A significant number of patients undergoing advanced endoscopic procedures are at risk for OSA. AMs and hypoxemia occur at an increased frequency in these patients. |
### Instruction:
Does quality of life in patients with no-option critical limb ischemia underline the need for new effective treatment?
### Response:
| The QoL data of patients with no-option CLI using NBS methods for the SF-36 provide a baseline reference for ongoing clinical trials on new treatment strategies. Our data stress the need for new revascularization therapies in patients with no-option CLI. |
### Instruction:
Is inflammation present in early human tendinopathy?
### Response:
| This study provides evidence for an inflammatory cell infiltrate in early mild/moderate human tendinopathy. In particular, the authors demonstrate significant infiltration of mast cells and macrophages, suggesting a role for innate immune pathways in the events that mediate early tendinopathy. Clinical Relevance Further mechanistic studies to evaluate the net contribution and hence therapeutic utility of these cellular lineages and their downstream processes may reveal novel therapeutic approaches to the management of early tendinopathy. |
### Instruction:
Is the G protein β3 subunit C825T polymorphism associated with microalbuminuria in hypertensive women and cardiovascular disease in hypertensive men?
### Response:
| Increased MA in TT homozygous women might be explained by other mechanisms of albuminuria or inflammation than the atherosclerotic process. We postulate that the association between CVD and the genotype are mediated through mechanisms other than the classical risk factors and endothelial dysfunction, reflected by MA, which have to be further investigated. |
### Instruction:
Do disparities exist in the emergency department evaluation of pediatric chest pain?
### Response:
| Disparities exist in the ED care of pediatric patients with CP. Identification of such variations is important and provides an opportunity for targeted interventions that ensure delivery of high-quality, cost-effective health care for children. |
### Instruction:
Is dyspnea-12 a valid and reliable measure of breathlessness in patients with interstitial lung disease?
### Response:
| In patients with ILD, the D-12, a patient-reported measure of dyspnea severity that requires no reference to activity, is a reliable and valid instrument. It is short, simple to complete, and easy to score. |
### Instruction:
Is vascular invasion a strong prognostic factor after complete resection of node-negative non-small cell lung cancer?
### Response:
| Vascular invasion was a strong prognostic factor in the revised TNM classification. Further investigation is warranted to generalize these findings. |
### Instruction:
Are three common CARD15 mutations responsible for the pathogenesis of Crohn 's disease in Iranians?
### Response:
| The three mutations described are not responsible for the pathogenesis of Crohn's Disease in Iranians. The results are in accordance with other Asian nations' studies on IBD Patients. |
### Instruction:
Is nuclear localization of orphan receptor protein kinase ( Ror1 ) mediated through the juxtamembrane domain?
### Response:
| We have predicted several RTKs that contain the nuclear localization signals. This is the first report to suggest that the juxtamembrane domain of the Ror1 cytoplasmic region mediates the translocation event. Ran GTPase is also implicated in this event. Our study might be beneficial in future research to understand the Ror1 biological signaling pathway. |
### Instruction:
Does sleep restriction for 1 week reduce insulin sensitivity in healthy men?
### Response:
| Sleep restriction (5 h/night) for 1 week significantly reduces insulin sensitivity, raising concerns about effects of chronic insufficient sleep on disease processes associated with insulin resistance. |
### Instruction:
Does the hypoxia-selective cytotoxin NLCQ-1 ( NSC 709257 ) control metastatic disease when used as an adjuvant to radiotherapy?
### Response:
| The hypoxia-selective cytotoxin NLCQ-1 controls metastatic disease and may be a successful adjuvant to radiotherapy in the clinical setting. |
### Instruction:
Does natural history of spinopelvic alignment differ from symptomatic deformity of the spine?
### Response:
| First, Gradual increase in PI is described throughout the lifespan that is paralleled by an increase in SFD, and is not by an increase in the SS. This represents a morphologic change of the pelvis. Second, Patients with symptomatic deformity of the spine present an increased C7P, thoracic hypokyphosis, reduced LL, and signs of pelvic retroversion (decreased LL and SS; increased SFD). |
### Instruction:
Is remodeling a more important determinant of lumen size than atheroma burden in left main coronary artery disease?
### Response:
| The LMCA lumen dimensions are more tightly linked with remodeling than with atheroma progression/regression. |
### Instruction:
Is increased alveolar concentration of nitric oxide related to serum-induced lung fibroblast proliferation in patients with systemic sclerosis?
### Response:
| Alveolar inflammation reflected by increased nitric oxide production was related to serum-induced PFP and myofibroblast conversion, linking the active alveolitis process to cell proliferation and lung fibrosis in patients with SSc. |
### Instruction:
Is 677TT genotype associated with elevated risk of methotrexate ( MTX ) toxicity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis : treatment outcome , erythrocyte concentrations of MTX and folates , and MTHFR polymorphisms?
### Response:
| MTHFR genotyping may have a predictive value for the risk of MTX-associated toxicity in patients with JIA. Despite the lack of therapeutic effect, nonresponders accumulated adequate concentrations of EMTX. |
### Instruction:
Is antisocial personality disorder on a continuum with psychopathy?
### Response:
| Psychopathy and ASPD are not separate diagnostic entities, but psychopathic ASPD is a more severe form than ASPD alone with greater risk of violence. Dimensional scores of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition personality disorders (other than ASPD) may be helpful in identifying this specific subgroup. |
### Instruction:
Do mu-opioid receptors transiently activate the Akt-nNOS pathway to produce sustained potentiation of PKC-mediated NMDAR-CaMKII signaling?
### Response:
| Analysis of the regulatory phosphorylation of the proteins included in the study indicated that morphine produces a transient activation of the Akt/PKB-nNOS pathway. This activation occurs upstream of PKCgamma and Src mediated potentiation of NMDAR activity, ultimately leading to morphine tolerance. In summary, the Akt-nNOS pathway acts as a primer for morphine-triggered events which leads to the sustained potentiation of the NMDAR-CaMKII pathway and MOR inhibition. |
### Instruction:
Is phospho-sulindac ( OXT-328 ) , a novel sulindac derivative , safe and effective in colon cancer prevention in mice?
### Response:
| P-S displays considerable safety and efficacy, two pharmacologic properties that are essential for a potential cancer chemopreventive agent, and thus merits further evaluation. |
### Instruction:
Does loss of Lsc/p115 protein lead to neuronal hypoplasia in the esophagus and an achalasia-like phenotype in mice?
### Response:
| lsc/p115 deficiency results in impaired neuronal innervation and in motor dysfunction recapitulating several aspects of esophageal achalasia. Reduced expression of nerve growth factor and a reduced number of glia cells most likely contribute to this phenotype. |
### Instruction:
Are tenofovir and entecavir the most effective antiviral agents for chronic hepatitis B : a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analyses?
### Response:
| In the first year of treatment for CHB, tenofovir and entecavir are the most potent oral antiviral agents for HBeAg-positive patients; tenofovir is most effective for HBeAg-negative patients. |
### Instruction:
Does tolerance rather than immunity protect from Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric preneoplasia?
### Response:
| Using a novel CagA(+)H pylori infection model, we report here that the development of tolerance to H pylori protects from gastric cancer precursor lesions. The age at initial infection may thus account for the differential susceptibility of infected persons to H pylori-associated disease manifestations. |
### Instruction:
Does coffee induce expression of glucuronosyltransferases by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and Nrf2 in liver and stomach?
### Response:
| UGT1A genes are induced in vitro and in vivo by coffee, independent of caffeine content, cafestol, or kahweol. Coffee up-regulates glucuronidation by AhR signaling and Nrf2 binding to the ARE/XRE. Glucuronidation could mediate the protective and antioxidant effects of coffee. |
### Instruction:
Is endoscopic tri-modal imaging more effective than standard endoscopy in identifying early-stage neoplasia in Barrett 's esophagus?
### Response:
| ETMI statistically significant improves the targeted detection of HGD/Ca compared with SVE. Subsequent characterization of lesions with NBI appears to be of limited value. At this stage, ETMI cannot replace random biopsies for detection of lesions or targeted biopsies for characterization of lesions in a high-risk population. |
### Instruction:
Does budesonide induce remission more effectively than prednisone in a controlled trial of patients with autoimmune hepatitis?
### Response:
| Oral budesonide, in combination with azathioprine, induces and maintains remission in patients with noncirrhotic AIH, with a low rate of steroid-specific side effects. |
### Instruction:
Does aortic cross-clamping and reperfusion in pigs reduce microvascular oxygenation by altered systemic and regional blood flow distribution?
### Response:
| Increased systemic and regional blood flow and oxygen supply after ACC does not ensure adequate regional blood flow and microcirculatory oxygenation in all organs. |
### Instruction:
Does transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring accurately predict arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure in patients undergoing prolonged laparoscopic surgery?
### Response:
| While undergoing long-term pneumoperitoneum laparoscopic surgery, Ptcco(2) monitoring is more accurate than is PETCO(2) monitoring in predicting the patients' Paco(2). |
### Instruction:
Does antenatal glucocorticoid treatment affect preterm infants ' S100B urine concentration in a dose-dependent manner?
### Response:
| S100B levels of infants antenatally treated with GCs differed in a dose-dependent manner. Data on primary outcomes suggest that lowering antenatal GC-course may be less detrimental for brain without affecting lung maturation. Further clinical trials are needed to elucidate the low GC-course issue. |
### Instruction:
Does use of an automated clinical management system improve outpatient immunosuppressive care following liver transplantation?
### Response:
| Use of an automated clinical management system for outpatient immunosuppressive management for liver transplant patients has resulted in a decrease in both tacrolimus toxicity and rejection episodes and is cost-effective. |
### Instruction:
Are alterations in LMTK2 , MSMB and HNF1B gene expression associated with the development of prostate cancer?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that the amount or nature of mRNA transcripts expressed from the LMTK2, HNF1B and MSMB candidate genes is altered in prostate cancer, and provides further evidence for a role for these genes in this disorder. The alterations in isoform usage we detect highlights the potential importance of alternative mRNA processing and moderation of mRNA stability as potentially important disease mechanisms. |
### Instruction:
Do promoter methylation of CDKN2A and lack of p16 expression characterize patients with hepatocellular carcinoma?
### Response:
| Promoter methylation of CDKN2A gene and lack of p16 expression characterize patients with HCC. |
### Instruction:
Does health-related quality of life vary among patients seeking different surgical procedures to assist with weight loss?
### Response:
| Patients requesting a weight loss procedure reported moderate to severe impairments in QOL and mood dysphoria compared with the community norms. However, the patients choosing from the 3 procedures studied scored similarly on the health-related QOL assessments. |
### Instruction:
Does anagrelide repress GATA-1 and FOG-1 expression without interfering with thrombopoietin receptor signal transduction?
### Response:
| Anagrelide suppresses megakaryocytopoiesis by reducing the expression levels of GATA-1 and FOG-1 via a PDEIII-independent mechanism that is differentiation context-specific and does not involve inhibition of MPL-mediated early signal transduction events. |
### Instruction:
Do model thrombi formed under flow reveal the role of factor XIII-mediated cross-linking in resistance to fibrinolysis?
### Response:
| Model thrombi formed under flow, even those prepared as plasma 'thrombi', reveal the effect of FXIII on fibrinolysis. Although very low levels of FXIII are known to produce mechanical clot stability, and to achieve γ-dimerization, they appear to be suboptimal in conferring full resistance to fibrinolysis. |
### Instruction:
Is epithelial membrane protein-2 expression an early predictor of endometrial cancer development?
### Response:
| EMP2 is an early predictor of EC development in preneoplastic lesions. In addition, combined with our previous findings, these results validate EMP2 as a novel biomarker for EC development. |
### Instruction:
Does biosimulation of inflammation and healing in surgically injured vocal fold?
### Response:
| A relatively simple ABM such as the one reported in this study can provide new understanding of laryngeal wound healing and generate working hypotheses for further wet-lab studies. |
### Instruction:
Is accumulation of gene polymorphisms related to oxidative stress associated with myocardial infarction in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients?
### Response:
| Accumulation of gene polymorphisms related to oxidative stress is likely associated with the prevalence of MI in type 2 diabetic patients, suggesting that the combined information about these variants is useful to assess the risk of MI. |
### Instruction:
Do disease activity and severity in early inflammatory arthritis predict hand cortical bone loss?
### Response:
| Increased disease activity and severity are associated with accelerated bone loss. However, lower BMD(a) did not predict the new occurrence of erosive disease. |
### Instruction:
Do adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells treated with growth differentiation factor-5 express tendon-specific markers?
### Response:
| In vitro GDF-5 treatment can induce cellular events leading to the tendonogenic differentiation of ADMSCs. The use of combined GDF-5 and ADMSCs tissue-engineered therapies may have a role in the future of tendon repair. |
### Instruction:
Is early lymphocyte reconstitution associated with improved transplant outcome after cord blood transplantation?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that ALC 30 days post-CBT is a surrogate for engraftment, and that low ALC (<150/μL) identifies an 'at-risk' population of patients after CBT. Studies are needed to determine ways to increase ALC cell numbers post-CBT, including ex vivo-expanded natural killer cells using adoptive immunotherapy, which might improve outcome after CBT. |
### Instruction:
Does caudal analgesia reduce the sevoflurane requirement for LMA removal in anesthetized children?
### Response:
| Caudal analgesia significantly reduced the sevoflurane concentration for a smooth LMA removal in anesthetized children. |
### Instruction:
Does a portable inhalational induction device provide co-operative induction of anaesthesia in preanaesthetic area for children?
### Response:
| A new portable inhalational induction device allows faster induction in co-operation with parents present in the preanaesthetic induction area compared to conventional inhalational induction in the unfamiliar operating room with the parents in attendance. |
### Instruction:
Does carotid atherosclerosis predict coronary , vertebral , or aortic atherosclerosis in patients with acute stroke symptoms?
### Response:
| Significant atherosclerotic disease in the carotid arteries does not predict significant atherosclerotic disease in the coronary arteries, vertebral arteries, or aorta in patients with symptoms of acute ischemic stroke. Significant atherosclerotic disease is most often isolated to 1 type of artery in these patients, whereas nonsignificant atherosclerotic disease tends to be more systemic. |
### Instruction:
Does hyperinsulinemia improve ischemic LV function in insulin resistant subjects?
### Response:
| Increased myocardial glucose use induced by HEC improves LV function under stress in subjects with CAD and IR. Cardiac metabolic manipulation in subjects with IR is a promising target for future therapy. |
### Instruction:
Do effects of tube current on cone-beam computerized tomography image quality for presurgical implant planning in vitro?
### Response:
| Significant dose reduction can be achieved by reducing tube current without substantial loss of image quality for presurgical implant planning in CBCT. |
### Instruction:
Are diverse set of microRNAs responsive to powdery mildew infection and heat stress in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. )?
### Response:
| Our results indicated that diverse set of wheat miRNAs were responsive to powdery mildew infection and heat stress and could function in wheat responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. |
### Instruction:
Does histamine H4 receptor antagonism diminish existing airway inflammation and dysfunction via modulation of Th2 cytokines?
### Response:
| These data demonstrate that therapeutic H4R antagonism can significantly ameliorate allergen induced, Th2 cytokine driven pathologies such as lung remodeling and airway dysfunction. The ability of H4R antagonists to affect these key manifestations of asthma suggests their potential as novel human therapeutics. |
### Instruction:
Are hIV-1 drug resistance mutations present in six percent of persons initiating antiretroviral therapy in Lusaka , Zambia?
### Response:
| Baseline resistance may compromise the response to standard NNRTI-based first-line ART in 6% of patients in Lusaka, Zambia. Continuous resistance monitoring is warranted to maintain individual and population-level ART effectiveness. |
### Instruction:
Is increased turnover of FoxP3high regulatory T cells associated with hyperactivation and disease progression of chronic HIV-1 infection?
### Response:
| Turnover level of Treg was increased in HIV-1-infected subjects, which is associated with immune hyperactivation and the disease progression, and may serve as a surrogate marker to predict HIV-1 disease progression. |
### Instruction:
Do structural alterations in subcutaneous small resistance arteries predict changes in the renal function of hypertensive patients?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that structural alterations in subcutaneous small arteries may predict the time course of changes in renal function during a follow-up period of about 9 years. |
### Instruction:
Is reduction of endothelial tight junction proteins related to cerebral aneurysm formation in rats?
### Response:
| In rats, the destruction of tight junctions may facilitate macrophage migration and cerebral-aneurysm formation. |
### Instruction:
Is repeat resection of pulmonary metastasis beneficial for patients with colorectal carcinoma?
### Response:
| Patients with more than 1 year of disease-free status after the first pulmonary metastasectomy demonstrated a significantly better overall survival. Normal preoperative serum CEA level and maximum tumor size <3 cm were significantly adverse prognostic factors for disease-free survival. Our data imply that repeat pulmonary metastasectomy might be beneficial as it can salvage a subset of patients with colorectal carcinoma who retain favorable prognostic determinants. |
### Instruction:
Are polymorphisms in ESR1 , ESR2 and HSD17B1 genes associated with fertility status in endometriosis?
### Response:
| Genetic variants in ESR1, ESR2, and HSD17B1 genes could modify susceptibility to endometriosis and might influence the fertility status in endometriosis patients. |
### Instruction:
Does blockade of sympathetic b-receptors inhibit Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced alveolar bone loss in an experimental rat periodontitis model?
### Response:
| These results indicate that the sympathetic nervous system is involved in the development of periodontitis and suggest that sympathetic signal modulation with beta-blockers enables the control of alveolar bone mass metabolism. |
### Instruction:
Is infection with specific Helicobacter pylori-cag pathogenicity island strains associated with interleukin-1B gene polymorphisms in Venezuelan chronic gastritis patients?
### Response:
| Carriage of IL-1B +3954C allele and IL-1B-TCC (+) haplotype could favor colonization of bacterial cagAET (+) strains, and the combination of these bacterial and host haplotypes could play a synergistic role in development of premalignant gastric lesions. This work contributes to understanding of the complex interaction between H. pylori virulence factors and cytokine genotypes involved in gastrointestinal diseases. |
### Instruction:
Do protective effects of pentoxifylline on the brain following remote burn injury?
### Response:
| An early, single dose of PTX dramatically reduced brain inflammation and apoptosis for up to 16 h post-injury. |
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