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### Instruction:
Does leg strength predict mortality in men but not in women with peripheral arterial disease?
### Response:
| Poorer leg strength is associated with increased mortality in men, but not women, with PAD. Future study is needed to determine whether interventions that increase leg strength improve survival in men with PAD. |
### Instruction:
Does pre-emptive liver transplantation for primary hyperoxaluria ( PH-I ) arrest long-term renal function deterioration?
### Response:
| Renal function remains relatively stable following pre-emptive LTx for PH-I. With early diagnosis of PH-I, isolated liver transplantation may prevent progression to end-stage renal disease and the need for renal transplantation. |
### Instruction:
Does ubiquitylation regulate interactions of astral microtubules with the cleavage apparatus?
### Response:
| We propose that ubiquitylation controls interactions of aMTs with the cleavage apparatus through localized disassembly of Kar9 complexes. |
### Instruction:
Does knockout of secretin receptor reduce large cholangiocyte hyperplasia in mice with extrahepatic cholestasis induced by bile duct ligation?
### Response:
| The current study provides strong support for the potential use of secretin as a therapy for ductopenic liver diseases. |
### Instruction:
Is wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive mucin 1 a sensitive biliary marker for human cholangiocarcinoma?
### Response:
| Our approach focusing significant glyco-alteration of a particular glycoprotein yielded a novel diagnostic system for CC with satisfactory clinical scores. |
### Instruction:
Is fatty liver and fibrosis in glycine N-methyltransferase knockout mice prevented by nicotinamide?
### Response:
| The findings of this study indicate that the anomalous accumulation of SAM in GNMT-KO mice can be corrected by NAM treatment leading to the normalization of the expression of many genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, as well as reversion of the appearance of the pathologic phenotype. |
### Instruction:
Are interferon gamma receptor 2 gene variants associated with liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection?
### Response:
| This identification of a cluster of four IFNGR2 variants strongly associated with fibrosis progression in chronic HCV infection underlines the role of IFNgamma in the development of liver fibrosis that may pave the way for new treatments. |
### Instruction:
Does spatial normalization improve the quality of genotype calling for Affymetrix SNP 6.0 arrays?
### Response:
| Spatial normalization can potentially rescue thousands of SNPs in a genetic study at the small cost of computational time. The approach is implemented in R and available from the authors upon request. |
### Instruction:
Does oncoproteomic analysis reveal co-upregulation of RELA and STAT5 in carboplatin resistant ovarian carcinoma?
### Response:
| Proteomic analysis identified RELA and STAT5 as two major proteins associated with carboplatin resistance in ovarian tumors. Our results further showed that NF-kappaB and STAT5 inhibitor could sensitize carboplatin-resistant cells and suggest that such inhibitors can be used to benefit patients with carboplatin-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is downregulation of homologous recombination DNA repair genes by HDAC inhibition in prostate cancer mediated through the E2F1 transcription factor?
### Response:
| Our study indicates that several genes in the DNA repair pathway are affected upon HDAC inhibition. Downregulation of the repair genes is on account of a decrease in amount and promoter recruitment of the E2F1 transcription factor. Since HDAC inhibition affects several pathways that could potentially have an impact on DNA repair, compromised DNA repair upon HDAC inhibition could also be attributed to several other pathways besides the ones investigated in this study. However, our study does provide insights into the mechanism that governs downregulation of HR DNA repair genes upon HDAC inhibition, which can lead to rationale usage of HDACis in the clinics. |
### Instruction:
Is the protective effect of oral colitis-derived proteins in a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease associated with an increase in gammadelta T cells in large intestinal mucosa?
### Response:
| Improvement of DSS-induced colitis that resulted from oral administration of colitis-extracted proteins is associated with an increase in gammadelta T cells in large intestinal mucosa. |
### Instruction:
Does idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss recur at similar gestational ages?
### Response:
| Women with iRPL tend to have losses recur in the same gestational age period. Causes for RPL may be gestational age specific and should guide further investigations into causes. |
### Instruction:
Is the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes increased in preeclamptic women who smoke compared with nonpreeclamptic women who do not smoke?
### Response:
| Smoking decreases the risk of preeclampsia, but smokers with preeclampsia have an increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. |
### Instruction:
Does prevalence and correlate of syphilis and condom use among male injection drug users in four Afghan cities?
### Response:
| : Although prevalence of syphilis and condom use varied significantly by site, high levels of risky sexual behavior were common, and consistent condom use was rare among IDUs in Afghanistan. Harm reduction programming should incorporate sexual risk reduction and condom promotion and distribution in Afghan cities. |
### Instruction:
Does characterization of coastal urban watershed bacterial communities lead to alternative community-based indicators?
### Response:
| This study provided a detailed characterization of bacterial community variability during dry weather across a 3-day period in two urban watersheds. The comparative analysis of watershed community composition resulted in alternative community-based indicators that could be useful for assessing ecosystem health. |
### Instruction:
Does the reduction in colorectal cancer mortality after colonoscopy vary by site of the cancer?
### Response:
| In Manitoba, colonoscopies significantly reduce mortality from CRC, but the benefit is not uniform for colorectal tumors that arise in different areas of the colon. |
### Instruction:
Is tenofovir effective alone or with emtricitabine in adefovir-treated patients with chronic-hepatitis B virus infection?
### Response:
| TDF monotherapy and the combination of FTC and TDF had similar efficacy in patients with incomplete viral suppression after therapy with ADV; response was not influenced by the presence of baseline LAM- or ADV-associated mutations. Initial monotherapy followed by combination therapy was as effective as early combination therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does non-urgent caesarean delivery increase the need for ventilation at birth in term newborn infants?
### Response:
| Term neonates with vertex presentation and clear amniotic fluid born by non-urgent caesarean section under regional anaesthesia need to be assisted at birth by health professionals skilled in PPV. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Manufacturing waste of hemodialyzers decrease oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria isolated from rats ]?
### Response:
| The hemodialyzers contain waste which has toxic effects on isolated mitochondria. This waste impairs the oxidative phosphorylation. The fact that this waste is still present in the dialyzers despite rinsing with two liters should alert users about the importance of extensive rinsing and manufacturers about the importance of effective procedures in order to eliminate manufacturing waste. |
### Instruction:
Does iκB kinase β inhibitor IMD-0354 suppress airway remodelling in a Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus-sensitized mouse model of chronic asthma?
### Response:
| IKKβ plays crucial roles in airway inflammation and remodelling in a chronic mouse model of asthma. A specific IKKβ inhibitor, IMD-0354, may be therapeutically beneficial for treating airway inflammation and remodelling in chronic asthma. |
### Instruction:
Is gas trapping associated with severe exacerbation in asthmatic children?
### Response:
| In asthmatic children, gas trapping is associated with occurrence of a severe exacerbation during the last three months, suggesting a small airway disease that is not evidenced by forced expiratory flows. |
### Instruction:
Does anti-IgE therapy with omalizumab decrease endothelin-1 in exhaled breath condensate of patients with severe persistent allergic asthma?
### Response:
| Our results confirmed that anti-IgE therapy with omalizumab in patients with severe persistent allergic asthma results in decreased expression of ET-1 in the airways. This could be very important in limiting airway inflammation and bronchial structural changes caused by such treatment in asthmatic patients. |
### Instruction:
Do genetically determined serum levels of mannose-binding lectin correlate negatively with common carotid intima-media thickness in systemic lupus erythematosus?
### Response:
| In this group of SLE patients, MBL2 low-expressing genotypes and low serum levels of MBL were correlated with ccIMT, independent of the effects of traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular risk modifiers. |
### Instruction:
Is mutation of SDHB a cause of hypoxia-related high-altitude paraganglioma?
### Response:
| This is the first report of a SDH gene mutation in paraganglioma at high altitude. A rapidly recurrent head and neck paraganglioma is a very rare finding in an SDH mutation carrier, suggesting a gene-environment interaction. Neither patient showed evidence of sympathetic paraganglioma. |
### Instruction:
Is bRCA1 loss preexisting in small subpopulations of prostate cancer associated with advanced disease and metastatic spread to lymph nodes and peripheral blood?
### Response:
| Small subpopulations of PCa cells bearing BRCA1 losses might be one confounding factor initiating tumor dissemination and might provide an early indicator of shortened disease-free survival. |
### Instruction:
Do twenty-four-hour urinary water-soluble vitamin levels correlate with their intakes in free-living Japanese schoolchildren?
### Response:
| The results show that urinary levels of water-soluble vitamins, except for vitamin B12, reflected their recent intakes in free-living Japanese schoolchildren and could be used as a potential biomarker to estimate mean vitamin intake. |
### Instruction:
Does propranolol decrease cardiac work in a dose-dependent manner in severely burned children?
### Response:
| The data suggest that propranolol is an efficacious modulator of the postburn cardiac response when given at a dose of 4 mg/kg per day, and decreases and sustains heart rate 15% below admission heart rate. |
### Instruction:
Do peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-alpha modulate dopamine cell activity through nicotinic receptors?
### Response:
| Our combined findings suggest PPARalpha ligands as important negative modulators of beta2-nAChRs on dopamine neurons. Thus, PPARalpha ligands might prove beneficial in treating disorders in which dopamine dysfunction plays a prominent role, such as schizophrenia and nicotine addiction. |
### Instruction:
Are epidermal growth factor effects on marmoset monkey ( Callithrix jacchus ) oocyte in vitro maturation , IVF and embryo development altered by gonadotrophin concentration during oocyte maturation?
### Response:
| The effects of EGF are highly dependent on concentration of gonadotrophins present in IVM medium. EGF has a negative effect on oocytes in the presence of low gonadotrophins, but contrastingly partially protects oocytes from the negative effects of high gonadotrophins. We propose that these observed negative effects of EGF may suggest use of an inappropriate dose of growth factor. |
### Instruction:
Does exposure to HIV-1-encoded Toll-like receptor 8 ligands enhance monocyte response to microbial encoded Toll-like receptor 2/4 ligands?
### Response:
| TLR crosstalk can enhance the pro-inflammatory monocytes response to products of microbial translocation and might play an important role in the modulation of immune function in HIV-1 infection. |
### Instruction:
Does ginger feeding protect against renal oxidative damage caused by alcohol consumption in rats?
### Response:
| This study concludes that alcohol-induced nephro-toxicity was attenuated by ginger extract treatment, thus ginger can used as a regular nutrient to protect the renal cells. |
### Instruction:
Is early postoperative statin therapy associated with a lower incidence of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery?
### Response:
| Early postoperative statin use is associated with a lower incidence of AKI among both chronic statin users and statin-naive cardiac surgery patients. |
### Instruction:
Does coadministration of interleukins 7 and 15 with bacille Calmette-Guérin mount enduring T cell memory response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that supplementation of the BCG vaccine with IL-7 and IL-15 would substantially improve its efficacy by enhancing the T cell memory response. |
### Instruction:
Is consistent condom use associated with lower prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in men?
### Response:
| Consistent condom use was strongly associated with lower HPV prevalence in men. |
### Instruction:
Does celecoxib treatment restore pharmacosensitivity in a rat model of pharmacoresistant epilepsy?
### Response:
| Pretreatment with the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor restored the anticonvulsant activity of phenobarbital in rats that failed to exhibit a relevant response before celecoxib treatment. Our data provide further support for a novel therapeutic approach to overcome transporter-mediated drug resistance in epilepsies. |
### Instruction:
Does riluzole protect against cardiac ischaemia and reperfusion damage via block of the persistent sodium current?
### Response:
| Riluzole preferentially blocked INaP and was protective in cardiac ischaemia and reperfusion. Thus block of the persistent sodium current would be a viable method of ameliorating cardiac ischaemic and reperfusion damage. |
### Instruction:
Does oral sildenafil increase skin hyperaemia induced by iontophoresis of sodium nitroprusside in healthy volunteers?
### Response:
| Oral sildenafil at 100 mg potentiated local skin hyperaemia induced by SNP iontophoresis, with no increased incidence of headaches. The combination of oral specific PDE5A inhibitor and nitrates administered through skin iontophoresis deserves further investigation in diseases such as severe Raynaud's phenomenon, with particular attention to the incidence of arterial hypotension. |
### Instruction:
Are one-hour postload plasma glucose levels associated with kidney dysfunction?
### Response:
| These data suggest that a cutoff point of 155 mg/dl for the 1hPG during OGTT may be helpful in the identification of individuals who are at increased risk for CKD. |
### Instruction:
Does cross-linked hyaluronan gel improve the quality of life of prostate cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy?
### Response:
| Hylaform increased the separation between the prostate and rectum and decreased the mean rectal dose, thereby improving the gastrointestinal-related acute QOL of prostate cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Patients will be followed up long term to determine if the improvement in acute QOL also translates into an improvement in late QOL. |
### Instruction:
Does three-dimensional ultrasound inversion rendering technique facilitate the diagnosis of hydrosalpinx?
### Response:
| The 3D inversion technique is a simple and effective way to render fluid-filled spaces, which may be tortuous and follow various directions. The rendered images increased the confidence in diagnosing hydrosalpinx. |
### Instruction:
Is euroSCORE a good global predictor of long-term outcomes in high-risk but not in low-risk patients after unprotected left main angioplasty?
### Response:
| EuroSCORE is a good predictor not only of cardiac death but also of MACE after ULMCA angioplasty; however, the discriminatory ability of EuroSCORE appears to be limited to patients with high surgical risk as defined by EuroSCORE values > 6. |
### Instruction:
Is silencing of TESTIN by dense biallelic promoter methylation the most common molecular event in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia?
### Response:
| In total, 93% of B ALL samples (93 of 100) demonstrated methylation with silencing or reduced expression of the TES gene. Thus, TES is the most frequently methylated and silenced gene yet reported in ALL. TES, a LIM domain-containing tumour suppressor gene and component of the focal adhesion complex, is involved in adhesion, motility, cell-to-cell interactions and cell signalling. Our data implicate TES methylation in ALL and provide additional evidence for the involvement of LIM domain proteins in leukaemogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does matrix metalloproteinase-7 activate heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma?
### Response:
| These findings provide evidence for the role of MMP-7 in promoting the growth of cutaneous SCCs by shedding HB-EGF, and identify EGFR signalling as a potential therapeutic target in RDEB-associated SCC and unresectable sporadic cutaneous SCC. |
### Instruction:
Does physician experience in addition to ACLS training significantly affect the outcome of prehospital cardiac arrest?
### Response:
| In this study, resuscitative experience of the physician did not have a significant effect on survival suggesting that experience does not significantly add to the current ACLS training in responding to ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia. More studies are needed. |
### Instruction:
Do gene-environment interactions influence airways function in laboratory animal workers?
### Response:
| A significant gene-environment interaction affects airways function in laboratory animal workers. More highly endotoxin-exposed workers with CD14/-1619G alleles have significantly lower FEV(1) and FEF(25-75) percent predicted than those with CD14/-1619AA alleles. Atopic workers are particularly affected by cumulative endotoxin exposures. |
### Instruction:
Is expression of IL-4 receptor alpha on smooth muscle cells necessary for development of experimental allergic asthma?
### Response:
| The impairment of IL-4Ralpha on smooth muscle cells had no effect on major etiologic markers of allergic asthma. These findings suggest that IL-4Ralpha responsiveness in airway smooth muscle cells during the early phase of allergic asthma is not, as suggested, necessary for the outcome of the disease. |
### Instruction:
Is cytoplasmic beta-catenin accumulation a good prognostic marker in upper and lower gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas?
### Response:
| This is one of the largest prognostic studies of beta-catenin in gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma. It shows that low levels of cytoplasmic beta-catenin expression are associated with reduced survival in patients with colorectal cancer as well as worse TNM staging in oesophageal adenocarcinoma (a recognized surrogate end-point for survival). We believe this is the first time that this has been reported. This finding should be tested prospectively in oncological trials to validate whether the presence of cytoplasmic beta-catenin could be used as a prognostic marker for less aggressive disease. |
### Instruction:
Are inflammatory and infectious risk factors associated with the response to tocolysis in patients with preterm labor?
### Response:
| This retrospective study suggested that in women affected by preterm labor, the long-term tocolysis with intravenous ritodrine is able to prolong gestation beyond 7 days, in absence of inflammatory/infective risk factors of PTD. |
### Instruction:
Are quantitative ultrasound and radiographic absorptiometry associated with vertebral deformity in Japanese Women : the Hizen-Oshima study?
### Response:
| Both calcaneal SI and metacarpal BMD were associated with prevalence of vertebral deformity. Furthermore, the prevalence widely varied with age at any given bone value. |
### Instruction:
Is cacyBP/SIP expression involved in the clinical progression of breast cancer?
### Response:
| CacyBP/SIP expression is evident in more advanced clinical progression of breast cancer, and it might be a biomarker for poor prognosis and a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does acute tryptophan depletion attenuate conscious appraisal of social emotional signals in healthy female volunteers?
### Response:
| ATD attenuates the attractiveness of positive faces and the negative intensity of threatening faces, suggesting that serotonin contributes specifically to the appraisal of the social salience of both positive and negative salient social emotional cues. We found no evidence that serotonin affects unconscious processing of negative emotional stimuli. These novel findings implicate serotonin in conscious aspects of active social and behavioural engagement and extend knowledge regarding the effects of ATD on emotional perception. |
### Instruction:
Does high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung show increased thymidylate synthase expression compared to other histotypes?
### Response:
| TS expression was higher in HGNE carcinomas of the lung than in squamous cell carcinoma, which was higher than in adenocarcinoma. This information may be useful in predicting the effects of TS-inhibiting agents in patients with NSCLC and HGNE carcinomas of the lung. |
### Instruction:
Are current clinical criteria for Lynch syndrome sensitive enough to identify MSH6 mutation carriers?
### Response:
| Amsterdam criteria and each of the Bethesda criteria were inadequate for identifying MSH6 mutation-carrying kindreds. MSH6 mutations may be more common than currently assumed, and the penetrance/expression of MSH6 mutations, as derived from families meeting current clinical criteria, may be misleading. To increase detection rate of MMR mutation carriers, all cancers in the Lynch syndrome tumour spectrum should be subjected to immunohistochemical analysis and/or analysis for microsatellite instability. |
### Instruction:
Do most parents think receiving human papillomavirus vaccine would encourage sexual activity in their children?
### Response:
| Most parents do not think the HPV vaccine would actually encourage sexual activity in their children. Therefore, health care providers can be less hesitant in recommending the vaccine to young sexually naive girls. Additional education should help improve overall parental understanding about the HPV vaccine and, consequently, vaccination rates. |
### Instruction:
Does mortality result from the Göteborg randomised population-based prostate-cancer screening trial?
### Response:
| This study shows that prostate cancer mortality was reduced almost by half over 14 years. However, the risk of over-diagnosis is substantial and the number needed to treat is at least as high as in breast-cancer screening programmes. The benefit of prostate-cancer screening compares favourably to other cancer screening programs. |
### Instruction:
Is hyperthermia-induced apoptosis in Tca8113 cells inhibited by heat shock protein 27 through blocking phospholipid scramblase 3 phosphorylation?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that phosphorylation of PLS3 by PKC-delta is involved in the hyperthermia-induced apoptotic signal transduction pathway in Tca8113 cells, and that Hsp27 blocks this pathway to suppress hyperthermia-induced apoptosis. |
### Instruction:
Does photodynamic therapy selectively enhance liposomal doxorubicin uptake in sarcoma tumors to rodent lungs?
### Response:
| PDT is a tumor-specific enhancer of Liporubicin distribution in sarcoma lung tumors which may find a translation in clinics. |
### Instruction:
Do human cementoblasts express enamel-associated molecules in vitro and in vivo?
### Response:
| These results suggest that enamel-associated and cementum-associated proteins could act synergistically in regulating cementoblast differentiation and cementum deposition and offer new approaches on how the cementogenesis process is regulated. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Frozen section do n't reduce the number of reoperations for cancer after hemithyroidectomy ]?
### Response:
| FS during hemithyroidectomy does not reduce reoperations for cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is organ-related cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress strain-dependent?
### Response:
| Mouse strains and individual organs display a range of susceptibilities to CS-induced oxidative stress. BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains appear to be the best choices as experimental models for studying CS effects on liver and lung, and C3H and C57BL/6 strains for CS-effects on the brain. |
### Instruction:
Does adrenaline inhibit the immunological activation of human basophils at pharmacological and ultra-low doses?
### Response:
| Although seemingly unexplainable by the currently accepted pharmacological principles, this phenomenon, already reported for histamine, deserves further investigation. |
### Instruction:
Are body mass index and creatinine clearance associated with steady-state serum concentrations of the cell damage marker S100B in renal transplant recipients?
### Response:
| BMI, creatinine clearance, and age are determinants of steady-state serum S100B concentrations in renal transplant recipients. The association of BMI with S100B suggests that S100B might be a new adipokine. |
### Instruction:
Is chemo-nociceptive signalling from the colon enhanced by mild colitis and blocked by inhibition of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 channels?
### Response:
| Activation of colonic TRPA1 channels is signalled to the spinal cord. Mild colitis enhanced this afferent input that, as it is sensitive to morphine, is most likely of a chemonociceptive nature. As several irritant chemicals can be present in chyme, TRPA1 channels may mediate several gastrointestinal pain conditions. |
### Instruction:
Does negative intratracheal pressure produced by esophageal detector devices cause tracheal wall collapse in a porcine cardiac arrest model?
### Response:
| These findings describe a mechanism for false-negative results from decreased posterior tracheal wall tone during cardiac arrest. Further studies are required to elucidate factors contributing to its occurrence and impact on EDD use. |
### Instruction:
Does treatment based on the type of infected TKA improve infection control?
### Response:
| The techniques proposed by the classification effectively controlled infection and maintained functional TKA with firm fixation of the TKA prosthesis in most patients. Repeated débridement and two-stage TKA further improved the control of infection and functional TKA after initial treatment. |
### Instruction:
Is curettage and cryosurgery for low-grade cartilage tumors associated with low recurrence and high function?
### Response:
| Our observations show curettage with cryosurgery is associated with low recurrence of Grade 1 chondrosarcoma and high functional scores. Curettage with cryosurgery is a reasonable alternative to wide or radical excision as the treatment for Grade 1 chondrosarcomas, and allows for more radical surgery in the event of local recurrence. |
### Instruction:
Is korean ethnicity as compared with white ethnicity an independent favorable prognostic factor for overall survival in non-small cell lung cancer before and after the oral epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor era?
### Response:
| These results suggest that Korean ethnicity compared with US white ethnicity is an independent favorable prognostic factor for OS in NSCLC. In addition, greater survival benefit among Korean patients with NSCLC was noted in the postepidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor era (2002 and after) compared with US white ethnicity. |
### Instruction:
Does co-overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 adversely affect the postoperative survival in non-small cell lung cancer?
### Response:
| Overexpression of either COX-2 or mPGES-1 is common but unrelated in NSCLC. Co-overexpression of both COX-2 and mPGES-1 adversely affects postoperative overall and disease-free survivals. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of bone morphogenetic proteins protect against atherosclerosis and vascular calcification?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that BMP signaling is a key regulator of vascular disease, requiring careful control to maintain normal vascular homeostasis. |
### Instruction:
Does pHLPP-1 negatively regulate Akt activity and survival in the heart?
### Response:
| These results implicate PHLPP-1 as an endogenous negative regulator of Akt activity and cell survival in the heart. |
### Instruction:
Does emodin enhance alveolar epithelial barrier function in rats with experimental acute pancreatitis?
### Response:
| Emodin attenuates pulmonary edema and inflammation, enhances alveolar epithelial barrier function, and promotes expression of claudin-4, claudin-5 and occludin in lung tissue samples from rats with acute pancreatitis. |
### Instruction:
Does n-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide reflect long-term complications in type 1 diabetes?
### Response:
| NT-proBNP has traditionally been described as a marker of heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction. In this study of long-term surviving type 1 diabetic patients, we found NT-proBNP associated with nephropathy, neuropathy and macrovascular disease. If confirmed by prospective studies, NT-proBNP might be a useful prognostic marker of diabetes-related complications. |
### Instruction:
Is cRABP1-reduced expression associated with poorer prognosis in serous and clear cell ovarian adenocarcinoma?
### Response:
| The present study is the first to demonstrate that the reduced expression of CRABP1 has a potential as a prognostic marker for serous adenocarcinoma which is the most frequent histological ovarian tumor type and also for clear cell carcinoma that often exhibits chemo-resistance. Further study is necessary to clarify how CRABP1 protein expression was altered and how CRABP1 affects ovarian carcinoma cells. |
### Instruction:
Is platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta critical for zebrafish intersegmental vessel formation?
### Response:
| Our data provide the first evidence that PDGFRbeta signaling is required for zebrafish angiogenesis. We propose a novel mechanism for zebrafish PDGFRbeta signaling that regulates vascular angiogenesis in the absence of mural cells. |
### Instruction:
Are histamine2-receptor antagonists an alternative to proton pump inhibitor in patients receiving clopidogrel?
### Response:
| Concomitant use of clopidogrel and H(2)RA or PPI after hospital discharge for ACS is associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes. |
### Instruction:
Do polyamines Impair Immunity to Helicobacter pylori by Inhibiting L-Arginine Uptake Required for Nitric Oxide Production?
### Response:
| Up-regulation of ODC in gastric macrophages impairs host defense against H pylori by suppressing iNOS-derived NO production. |
### Instruction:
Does high-contrast three-dimensional imaging of the Arabidopsis leaf enable the analysis of cell dimensions in the epidermis and mesophyll?
### Response:
| The pipeline for the three-dimensional imaging and analysis of plant leaves provides the means to include variables on internal tissues in leaf growth studies and the assessment of leaf phenotypes. It also allows the visualisation and quantification of alterations in leaf structure alongside changes in leaf functioning observed under environmental constraints. Data obtained using this procedure can further be integrated in leaf development and functioning models. |
### Instruction:
Does arsenic abrogate the estrogen-signaling pathway in the rat uterus?
### Response:
| Together, the results indicate that arsenic disrupted the circulating levels of gonadotropins and estradiol, led to degeneration of luminal epithelial, stromal and myometrial cells of the rat uterus and downregulated the downstream components of the estrogen signaling pathway. Since development and functional maintenance of the uterus is under the influence of estradiol, arsenic-induced structural degeneration may be attributed to the reduction in circulating estradiol levels. Downregulation of the estrogen receptor and estrogen-responsive genes in response to arsenic indicates a mechanism of suppression of female reproductive functions by an environmental toxicant that is contra-mechanistic to that of estrogen. |
### Instruction:
Do nef-specific CD45RA+ CD8+ T cells secreting MIP-1beta but not IFN-gamma are associated with nonprogressive HIV-1 infection?
### Response:
| The novel antigen-specific CD45RA+ IFN-gammaneg MIP-1beta+ CD8+ T cell population represents a new candidate marker of long-term natural control of HIV-1 disease progression and a relevant functional T-cell subset in the evaluation of the immune responses induced by candidate HIV-1 vaccines. |
### Instruction:
Are the increased plasma C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery associated with the interleukin-6-174G > C gene polymorphism?
### Response:
| The presence of the -174C allele determines to some extent higher plasma CRP and IL-6 concentrations pre- and postoperatively in CABG patients. |
### Instruction:
Are common variants in the regulative regions of GRIA1 and GRIA3 receptor genes associated with migraine susceptibility?
### Response:
| This study represents the first genetic evidence of a link between glutamate receptors and migraine. |
### Instruction:
Are more than just counting eosinophils : proximal oesophageal involvement and subepithelial sclerosis major diagnostic criteria for eosinophilic oesophagitis?
### Response:
| HEC in proximal oesophageal biopsies and subepithelial sclerosis should be considered major diagnostic findings in EOE. |
### Instruction:
Is cOMT Val 158 Met polymorphism related with interpersonal problem solving in schizophrenia?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that Val allele might be related to poor performance on detecting the interpersonal problems, and attention in schizophrenia. |
### Instruction:
Do school policies and practices that improve indoor air quality?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that schools with a formal indoor air quality program are more likely support policies and engage in practices that promote superior indoor air quality. |
### Instruction:
Does insulin resistance induced by a high-fructose diet potentiate thioacetamide hepatotoxicity?
### Response:
| Fructose-fed rats suffered from liver dysfunction and damage. TA caused liver injury in both control and fructose-fed rats. Time-based studies showed that progressive liver injury occurred only in rats that were fructose-fed from 6, 12 and 24 hours after TA administration, with a peak at 36 hours. In control diet-fed rats, the extent of damage was maximal at 24 hours, and declined at 36 hours. Thus, the toxic effects of TA are potentiated due to compromised liver function in the setting of IR. |
### Instruction:
Are circulating tumor M2 pyruvate kinase and thymidine kinase 1 potential predictors for disease recurrence in renal cell carcinoma after nephrectomy?
### Response:
| The measurements of 2 circulating biomarkers, TuM2-PK and TK1, in RCC patients before nephrectomy can be useful for predicting recurrence and stratifying the patients into risk groups for possible adjuvant treatment. |
### Instruction:
Is fOXP1 protein overexpression associated with inferior outcome in nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with non-germinal centre phenotype , independent of gains and structural aberrations at 3p14.1?
### Response:
| FOXP1 is recurrently targeted by numeric, and rarely by structural, genetic aberrations in DLBCL. Only the presence of FOXP1 protein, irrespective of its gene status, is decisive for prognosis in DLBCL. |
### Instruction:
Does clinical outcome in pediatric glial and embryonal brain tumors correlate with in vitro multi-passageable neurosphere formation?
### Response:
| Neurosphere formation is more predictive of pediatric brain tumor progression than semi-quantitative Ki67 staining. Pediatric brain tumor derived neurospheres may provide a predictive model for preclinical explorations. |
### Instruction:
Does blood pressure course in acute stroke relate to baroreflex dysfunction?
### Response:
| In acute stroke, decreased BRS was independently associated with the occurrence of acute hypertension on admission. In addition, BRS seemed to be a valid predictor of the BP course in the first 72 h. As some antihypertensives may ameliorate BRS, therapeutic relevance of this finding warrants further attention. |
### Instruction:
Do associations of housing status with substance abuse treatment and service use outcomes among veterans?
### Response:
| Homelessness affects substance abuse treatment outcomes and costs. Interventions are needed to reduce homelessness among veterans entering substance abuse treatment. |
### Instruction:
Does gax gene transfer inhibit vascular remodeling induced by adventitial inflammation in rabbits?
### Response:
| Adventitial inflammation induces vascular remodeling via the interactions of multiple inflammatory cytokines and local Gax gene transfer in vivo can significantly inhibit these interactions and thereby attenuate local inflammation and vascular remodeling. |
### Instruction:
Do adiposity and low-grade systemic inflammation modulate matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels in Greek children with sleep apnea?
### Response:
| Adiposity and systemic inflammation unrelated to OSA severity, modulate MMP-9 levels in Greek children. |
### Instruction:
Does absence of functional TolC protein cause increased stress response gene expression in Sinorhizobium meliloti?
### Response:
| This work shows how a mutation in the outer membrane protein TolC, common to many bacterial transport systems, affects expression of a large number of genes that act in concert to restore cell homeostasis. This finding further underlines the fundamental role of this protein in Sinorhizobium meliloti biology. |
### Instruction:
Does the Drosophila Anion Exchanger ( DAE ) lack a detectable interaction with the spectrin cytoskeleton?
### Response:
| Based on the lack of colocalization and the lack of sequence conservation at the ankyrin-binding site, it appears that the well-characterized interaction between AE1 and the spectrin cytoskeleton in erythrocytes is not conserved in Drosophila. The results establish a pattern in which most of the known interactions between the spectrin cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane in mammals do not appear to be conserved in Drosophila. |
### Instruction:
Does an autocrine sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling loop enhance NF-kappaB-activation and survival?
### Response:
| We propose a self-amplifying loop of autocrine S1P with capacity to enhance cell survival. The mechanism provides increased understanding of the multifaceted roles of S1P in regulating cell fate during normal development and carcinogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Is face coding bilateral in the female brain?
### Response:
| LORETA reconstruction showed a significant left and right asymmetry in the activation of the fusiform gyrus (BA19), in women and men, respectively. The present data reveal a lesser degree of lateralization of brain functions related to face coding in women than men. In this light, they may provide an explanation of the inconsistencies in the available literature concerning the asymmetric activity of left and right occipito-temporal cortices devoted to face perception during processing of face identity, structure, familiarity or affective content. |
### Instruction:
Does endothelin-1 inhibit prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 to activate hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in melanoma cells?
### Response:
| In this study we identified the underlying mechanism by which ET-1, through the regulation of PHD2, controls HIF-1alpha stability and thereby regulates angiogenesis and melanoma cell invasion. These results further indicate that targeting ET(B)R may represent a potential therapeutic treatment of melanoma by impairing HIF-1alpha stability. |
### Instruction:
Is regular Khat ( Catha edulis ) chewing associated with elevated diastolic blood pressure among adults in Butajira , Ethiopia : a comparative study?
### Response:
| Regular chewing of Khat is associated with elevated mean diastolic blood pressure, which is consistent with the peripheral vasoconstrictor effect of Cathinone. Regular Khat chewing may have sustained effects on the cardiovascular system that can contribute to elevated blood pressure at the population level. |
### Instruction:
Is decrease in hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein-triglyceride secretion after weight loss inversely associated with changes in circulating leptin?
### Response:
| Weight loss-induced changes in plasma leptin concentration are inversely associated with changes in VLDL-TG secretion rate. Additional studies are needed to determine whether the correlation between circulating leptin and VLDL-TG secretion represents a cause-and-effect relationship. |
### Instruction:
Is a TRIM5alpha exon 2 polymorphism associated with protection from HIV-1 infection in the Pumwani sex worker cohort?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that a shift from arginine to glutamine at codon 136 in the coiled-coil region of TRIM5alpha confers protection against HIV-1 in the Pumwani sex worker cohort. |
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