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### Instruction:
Do perceptions of industry responsibility and tobacco control policy by US tobacco company executives in trial testimony?
### Response:
| While other industries use corporate social responsibility programmes to address social issues to protect their core business product, the fundamental social issue with tobacco is the product itself. As such, the corporate nature of tobacco companies is a structural obstacle to reducing harm caused by tobacco use. |
### Instruction:
Do pericellular matrilins regulate activation of chondrocytes by cyclic load-induced matrix deformation?
### Response:
| Normal content of matrilins is essential to optimal activation of chondrocytes by mechanical signals. Our data suggest that the sensitivity of chondrocytes to the changes in the microenvironment can be adjusted by altering the content of matrilins in pericellular matrix. This finding supports a critical role of pericellular matrix in chondrocyte mechano-transduction and has important implications in cartilage tissue engineering and mechanical adaptation. |
### Instruction:
Does tNFA-308G > A polymorphism influence the TNF-alpha response to altered vaginal flora?
### Response:
| The TNFA-308G>A polymorphism influences the local TNF-alpha response to altered vaginal microflora. This suggests that the nature of the host response to microbial invasion in the lower female genital is genetically determined. |
### Instruction:
Does intra-articular morphine 5 mg after knee arthroscopy produce significant pain relief when administered to patients with moderate to severe pain via an intra-articular catheter?
### Response:
| IA morphine 5 mg does not produce clinically significant pain relief in patients with moderate or severe pain after knee arthroscopy. |
### Instruction:
Is spatial and temporal control of cofilin activity required for directional sensing during chemotaxis?
### Response:
| These results indicate that local activation of cofilin by PLC and its global inactivation by LIMK phosphorylation combine to generate the local asymmetry of actin polymerization required for chemotaxis. |
### Instruction:
Does ccpA affect expression of the groESL and dnaK operons in Lactobacillus plantarum?
### Response:
| The L. plantarum dnaK and groESL operons are characterized by the presence of the cis acting sequence CIRCE in the promoter region, suggesting a negative regulation by the HrcA/CIRCE system, which is a common type of control among the class I heat shock operons of gram-positive bacteria. We found an additional system of regulation, based on a positive control exerted by the CcpA protein, which would interact with cre sequences present in the regulatory region of the dnaK and groESL operons. The absence of the CcpA protein results in a lower induction of the chaperon coding operons, with a consequent lower percent of survival of the LM3-2 mutant strain population with respect to the wild type when challenged with a heat insult. |
### Instruction:
Does gender play no role in student ability to perform on computer-based examinations?
### Response:
| The format for examinations in the courses analyzed does not affect student performance. We find no evidence for gender differences in performance on exams on pen-and-paper or computer-based exams. |
### Instruction:
Does selection for early and late adult emergence alter the rate of pre-adult development in Drosophila melanogaster?
### Response:
| The results of our study clearly indicate that selection on the timing of adult emergence alters the rate of pre-adult development in D. melanogaster. The timing of egg collection as well as assay light regime does not have any measurable effect on the relative differences between the developmental rates of the early and the late flies. Taken together these results appear to suggest that pleiotropic effects of clock genes mediate correlated changes in the timing of adult emergence and the rate of pre-adult development in D. melanogaster. |
### Instruction:
Is placental abruption more frequent in women with the angiotensinogen Thr235 mutation?
### Response:
| The AGT Thr235 mutation was observed more frequently in placental abruption. AGT Thr235 mutation may be considered a risk factor for placental abruption. |
### Instruction:
Does serum vascular endothelial growth factor in cyanotic congenital heart disease functionally contribute to endothelial cell kinetics in vitro?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that serum VEGF functionally contributes to vascular endothelial cell kinetics in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease. |
### Instruction:
Do relationship between recovery of calf-muscle biomechanical properties and gait pattern following surgery for achilles tendon rupture?
### Response:
| Improvement of gait pattern is slower than recovery of plantar flexor mechanical properties. Persisting mechanical impairment resulting in gait adaptations may be detrimental to the healing structures by increasing stress on the Achilles tendon. Restoration of calf-muscle eccentric strength and coordinated antagonist muscle activity should be key points in postoperative rehabilitation following surgical repair of Achilles tendon rupture. |
### Instruction:
Is ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat skeletal muscle attenuated by zinc aspartate?
### Response:
| Zinc aspartate seems to be an effective treatment option against ischemia-reperfusion injury. |
### Instruction:
Does orally administered diflunisal stabilize transthyretin against dissociation required for amyloidogenesis?
### Response:
| Diflunisal-mediated kinetic stabilization of TTR should ameliorate TTR amyloidoses, provided that the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug liabilities can be managed clinically. |
### Instruction:
Do re-evaluation of axillary skip metastases in the era of sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer?
### Response:
| These results suggest that skip axillary metastases are actual skip metastases, not a continuation of undetected level I micrometastases. Moreover, none of the clinical and histopathological measures of primary tumors are predictors of the presence of skip metastases. |
### Instruction:
Do beta-blockers reduce the risk of early death in ischemic stroke?
### Response:
| In a retrospective series the use of beta-blockers was associated with reduced risk of early death in patients with ischemic stroke. |
### Instruction:
Is advanced age associated with poorer bladder cancer-specific survival in patients treated with radical cystectomy?
### Response:
| Greater patient age at the time of RC for BCa is independently associated with adverse outcomes. Better understanding of factors associated with postoperative outcomes in this growing segment of the population is necessary. Prospective corroboration and further refinement of similar analyses in other large datasets is needed. |
### Instruction:
Is hepatitis B virus seropositivity associated with increased risk of carotid atherosclerosis in Taiwanese?
### Response:
| Hepatitis B virus seropositivity was not associated with an increased severity of carotid atherosclerosis in Taiwanese. |
### Instruction:
Does rheumatoid arthritis association with the FCRL3 -169C polymorphism is restrict to PTPN22 1858T-homozygous individuals in a Canadian population?
### Response:
| Our findings support an association of RA with an FCRL3 functional polymorphism and reveal that this association is stronger in the absence of PTPN22 risk genotypes. These findings support a genetic heterogeneity across RA populations, suggesting that both the FCRL3 and PTPN22 genes play roles in RA susceptibility, but in different individuals. |
### Instruction:
Does susceptibility of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans to six antibiotics decrease as biofilm matures?
### Response:
| The present study demonstrated that the susceptibility of A. actinomycetemcomitans to many antibiotics decreased after biofilm maturation. |
### Instruction:
Does duration of stretch influence the degree of force loss following static stretching?
### Response:
| SS incorporating stretch durations typical of those employed pre-exercise were sufficient to impair muscle performance and the duration of stretch did not influence the degree of force loss. Inclusion of SS, even with short stretch durations, in preparation for strength activities is not appropriate. |
### Instruction:
Are high plasma aldosterone levels on admission associated with death in patients presenting with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| Plasma aldosterone levels on admission among patients referred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention for STEMI are associated with early and late adverse clinical outcomes, including mortality. The association between high aldosterone levels and late mortality is independent of age, heart failure, and reperfusion status. Such results underline the pivotal role of aldosterone and justify a randomized trial to assess the early administration of aldosterone antagonists in the setting of STEMI. |
### Instruction:
Is [ Results of treatment for acromegaly in 53 patients : it time of intervention ]?
### Response:
| The cure rates obtained in this group of patients are clearly lower than those reported abroad. These results stress the importance of having a national registry of acromegaly and the need to train neurosurgeons in the treatment of pituitary tumors. |
### Instruction:
Does nPI-0052 enhance tumoricidal response to conventional cancer therapy in a colon cancer model?
### Response:
| The high level of proteasome inhibition achieved by NPI-0052 is well tolerated and significantly improves the tumoricidal response to multidrug treatment in a colon cancer xenograft model. Further evaluation of this novel proteasome inhibitor in clinical trials is indicated. |
### Instruction:
Is galectin-3 expression associated with tumor progression and pattern of sun exposure in melanoma?
### Response:
| Melanocytes accumulate galectin-3 with tumor progression, particularly in the nucleus. The strong association of cytoplasmic and nuclear expression in lesions of sun-exposed areas suggests an involvement of UV light in activation of galectin-3. |
### Instruction:
Is computed tomography-diagnosed emphysema , not airway obstruction , associated with the prognostic outcome of early-stage lung cancer?
### Response:
| Computed tomography-diagnosed emphysema, but not airway obstruction, is associated with poor prognosis in smokers with early-stage lung cancer. Thus, routine computed tomography densitometry in smokers with lung cancer should be mandatory. |
### Instruction:
Is transcription factor 7-like 2 ( TCF7L2 ) variant associated with familial breast cancer risk : a case-control study?
### Response:
| Our results suggest a possible influence of TCF7L2 rs12255372 on the risk of familial BC. |
### Instruction:
Are changes in inflammatory cytokines related to impaired glucose tolerance in offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects?
### Response:
| Nondiabetic offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects have changes in the levels of inflammatory cytokines. The level of IL-1Ra seems to be the most sensitive marker of cytokine response in the pre-diabetic state. |
### Instruction:
Does three cycles of etoposide and cisplatin chemotherapy in clinical stage be nonseminomatous testicular cancer?
### Response:
| A treatment program that consists of three cycles of EP caused complete disease control in all patients. The applied regimen may be considered as a therapeutic option with reduced toxicity in clinical stage IS nonseminomatous testicular cancer patients. More evidence, however, needs to be accumulated. |
### Instruction:
Does urokinase-type plasminogen activator support liver repair independent of its cellular receptor?
### Response:
| uPA activates plasminogen and promotes liver matrix proteolysis during repair via a process that neither requires its receptor uPAR nor requires a contribution from its functional counterpart tPA. |
### Instruction:
Is slow heart rate recovery after exercise associated with carotid atherosclerosis?
### Response:
| Slow heart rate recovery after exercise, an index of decreased parasympathetic activity, is associated with carotid atherosclerosis independent of established risk factors in middle-age men. |
### Instruction:
Are embryo morphology and development dependent on the chromosomal complement?
### Response:
| A correlation between embryo development and chromosomal complement makes the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities significantly higher in embryos dividing according to a time frame and a symmetry plan which are different from what are expected. The type of fragmentation is also related to chromosomal status, which explains why the extrusion of fragments might severely affect embryo viability. |
### Instruction:
Does primary cilia deletion in pancreatic epithelial cells result in cyst formation and pancreatitis?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that the absence of cilia in pancreatic cells produces pancreatic lesions that resemble those found in patients with chronic pancreatitis or cystic fibrosis. |
### Instruction:
Does long-term erythropoietin therapy decrease CC-chemokine levels and intima-media thickness in hemodialyzed patients?
### Response:
| These results suggest that long-term EPO therapy decreased CC-chemokine and IMT values in patients undergoing regular HD in the absence of concomitant iron supplementation. |
### Instruction:
Do [ CMV DNA detection in plasma using real-time PCR based on the SYBR-Green I dye method ]?
### Response:
| Quantification of CMV DNA in plasma using this sensitive, fast, low-cost method was advantageous for the diagnosis and follow up of patients with opportunistic CMV infection, which are increasingly more frequent in our daily hospital clinical practice. |
### Instruction:
Is aortic stenosis associated with elevated plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine ( ADMA )?
### Response:
| AS is independently associated with elevation of ADMA levels, beyond that implied by "conventional" risk factors for endothelial dysfunction. The clinical status of AS as an incremental marker of cardiovascular risk may reflect ADMA-mediated endothelial dysfunction. |
### Instruction:
Does fGFR1 emerge as a potential therapeutic target for lobular breast carcinomas?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that receptor FGFR1 inhibitors may be useful as therapeutics in a subset of CLCs. |
### Instruction:
Do the stain removal performance of a new anti-hypersensitivity dentifrice?
### Response:
| The new formulation has been shown, in these studies, to combine low abrasivity with an in vitro stain removal performance comparable with that of benchmark marketed pastes. |
### Instruction:
Is heterogeneity of aldehyde dehydrogenase expression in lung cancer cell lines revealed by Aldefluor flow cytometry-based assay?
### Response:
| Aldefluor assay can be adapted successfully to measure ALDH activity in lung cancer cells and may have the advantage of providing real time changes in ALDH activity in viable cells treated with siRNA or chemotherapy. |
### Instruction:
Is personal and ambient air pollution associated with increased exhaled nitric oxide in children with asthma?
### Response:
| PM associations with airway inflammation in asthmatics may be missed using ambient particle mass, which may not sufficiently represent causal pollutant components from fossil fuel combustion. |
### Instruction:
Is fibrinogen-beta gene haplotype associated with mortality in sepsis?
### Response:
| Haplotype GAA in FGB is associated with lower mortality and lower severity of organ dysfunction. Haplotype GAA encompasses a previously described haplotype -1420A/-854G/-455A/-249C/-148T/+1690G that is associated with higher fibrinogen levels. |
### Instruction:
Does resistance exercise affect the serum concentrations of cell adhesion molecules?
### Response:
| Our data indicate that resistance exercise of moderate to high intensity does not affect the serum concentrations of cell adhesion molecules in healthy young lean or obese men, suggesting no considerable negative effect on immune function. |
### Instruction:
Does circumstances and consequences of fall in elderly people with vestibular disorder?
### Response:
| Fear and tendency to fall are referred by the majority of chronically dizzy elderly. Fall are more frequent in the morning, in the home and during walking. The propulsion direction is mentioned by half of the elderly and the most common cause for falls are dizziness and stumbling. The number of falls is significantly associated with activity restrictions after the last fall and with the causes for falling (slipping and dizziness). |
### Instruction:
Do circulating tumoral cells lack circadian-rhythm in hospitalized metastasic breast cancer patients?
### Response:
| No-differences between daytime and night-time CTC were observed. Therefore, we could not ascertain CTC circadian-rhythm in hospitalized metastasic breast cancer patients. |
### Instruction:
Does dietary carbohydrate source influence molecular fingerprints of the rat faecal microbiota?
### Response:
| Even though sucrose and cornstarch are both easily digestible and are not expected to reach the large intestine, the DGGE band patterns obtained indicated that these carbohydrates indeed affected the composition of bacteria in the large gut. Also the two fructans resulted in completely different molecular fingerprints of the faecal microbiota, indicating that even though they are chemically similar, different intestinal bacteria ferment them. Comparison of DNA-based and RNA-based profiles suggested that two species within the phylum Bacteroidetes were not abundant in numbers but had a particularly high ribosome content in the animals fed with inulin. |
### Instruction:
Do tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha-gene-deficient mice have improved cardiac function through reduction of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| In a permanent occlusion model of MI TNF-alpha decreased cardiac function and ameliorated myocardial remodeling through the induction of ICAM-1. |
### Instruction:
Does cCR3 monoclonal antibody inhibit airway eosinophilic inflammation and mucus overproduction in a mouse model of asthma?
### Response:
| CCR3 mAb can significantly inhibit airway eosinophilia and mucus overproduction in asthmatic mice. Blockage of CCR3 may represent a new strategy to asthma therapy. |
### Instruction:
Is omalizumab effective and safe in the treatment of Japanese cedar pollen-induced seasonal allergic rhinitis?
### Response:
| Omalizumab was effective and safe in the treatment of SAR induced by Japanese cedar pollen. |
### Instruction:
Does isotype distribution of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in undifferentiated arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis reflect an ongoing immune response?
### Response:
| These data indicate development of the anti-CCP isotype repertoire into full usage early in the course of arthritis. The sustained presence of IgM anti-CCP indicates ongoing recruitment of new B cells into the anti-CCP response, reflecting a continuous (re)activation of the RA-specific anti-CCP response during the course of anti-CCP-positive arthritis. |
### Instruction:
Does rosiglitazone attenuate suppression of RXRalpha-dependent gene expression in inflamed liver?
### Response:
| Rosi directly attenuates the suppressive effects of inflammation-induced cell signaling on nuclear RXRalpha levels in liver. |
### Instruction:
Does e5564 ( Eritoran ) inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine production in human blood monocytes?
### Response:
| The results of this investigation led us to conclude that E5564 has a remarkable LPS inhibitory activity manifested via down-regulation of the intracellular generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha in human monocytes. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Retrospective analysis of fall in an inpatient rehabilitation centre for rheumatic and orthopaedic diseases ]?
### Response:
| The high total number of falls shows that falls are important in an inpatient rehabilitation centre for rheumatic and orthopaedic diseases. The analysis did not reveal any special location inside the rehabilitation centre with an increased risk of falls calling for urgent interventions. The active and activating physical therapies do not seem to increase the number of falls significantly. |
### Instruction:
Is reprimo methylation a potential biomarker of Barrett's-Associated esophageal neoplastic progression?
### Response:
| Reprimo methylation occurs significantly more frequently in BE, HGD, and EAC than in NE or ESCC, suggesting that this epigenetic alteration is a specialized columnar, cell-specific early event with potential as a biomarker for the early detection of esophageal neoplasia. |
### Instruction:
Do nomograms provide improved accuracy for predicting survival after radical cystectomy?
### Response:
| Multivariate nomograms provide a more accurate and relevant individualized prediction of survival after cystectomy compared with conventional prediction models, thereby allowing for improved patient counseling and treatment selection. |
### Instruction:
Are axillary lymph node nanometastases prognostic factors for disease-free survival and metastatic relapse in breast cancer patients?
### Response:
| Nanometastases are a strong risk factor for disease-free survival and for metastatic relapse. These findings support the inclusion of procedures for nanometastasis detection in tumor-node-metastasis staging. |
### Instruction:
Is the metabolic syndrome a risk indicator of microvascular and macrovascular complications in diabetes : results from Metascreen , a multicenter diabetes clinic-based survey?
### Response:
| The metabolic syndrome, defined according to AHA/NHLBI or IDF diagnostic criteria, is an independent clinical indicator and may be involved in the pathogenesis of both macro- and microvascular complications of diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Is unilateral flail chest seldom a lethal injury?
### Response:
| Advanced age is associated with higher mortality. Isolated unilateral bony cage instability infrequently leads to death in patients who make it to the emergency department but rather its combination with additional extrathoracic trauma. |
### Instruction:
Does terlipressin facilitate transport of septic patients treated with norepinephrine?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that terlipressin is effective in septic shock. Because it is long-acting and necessitates less titration it might be indicated for patient transportation. |
### Instruction:
Is interleukin-4 induction of the CC chemokine TARC ( CCL17 ) in murine macrophages mediated by multiple STAT6 sites in the TARC gene promoter?
### Response:
| The induction of mTARC by IL-4 results from cooperative interactions between STAT6 sites within the mTARC gene promoter. Significantly, we have shown that transfer of the nine most proximal mTARC STAT6 sites in their endogenous conformation confers potent (up to 130-fold) IL-4 inducibility on heterologous promoters. These promoter elements constitute important and sensitive IL-4-responsive transcriptional units that could be used to drive transgene expression in sites of Th2 inflammation in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Does expression of altered retinoblastoma protein inversely correlate with tumor invasion in gastric carcinoma?
### Response:
| the mutation of Rb gene is frequent in gastric carcinoma. The expression of altered pRb inversely correlates with tumor invasion and is not an independent prognostic marker in gastric adenocarcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Does white-matter integrity predict stroop performance in patients with geriatric depression?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that microstructural white matter abnormalities of frontostriatal-limbic networks are associated with executive dysfunction of late-life depression. This observation provides the rationale for examination of specific frontostriatal-limbic pathways in the pathophysiology of geriatric depression. |
### Instruction:
Is ageing associated with a decline in peripheral blood CD56bright NK cells?
### Response:
| The number of CD56bright NK cells within peripheral blood declines with age. As this population plays a central role in cytokine secretion during the innate immune response this decline may contribute to impaired immune regulation in elderly individuals. |
### Instruction:
Does sLCO1B1 polymorphism markedly affect the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin acid?
### Response:
| SLCO1B1 polymorphism markedly affects the pharmacokinetics of active simvastatin acid, but has no significant effect on parent simvastatin. Raised plasma concentrations of simvastatin acid in patients carrying the SLCO1B1 c.521C variant allele may enhance the risk of systemic adverse effects during simvastatin treatment. In addition, reduced uptake of simvastatin acid by OATP1B1 into the liver in patients with the c.521C allele could reduce its cholesterol-lowering efficacy. |
### Instruction:
Does prevalence and correlate of opiate overdose among young injection drug users in a large U.S. city?
### Response:
| This study documents the high prevalence of witnessing and experiencing opiate overdoses among young, newly initiated IDUs and NIDUs. The results could inform the growing number of overdose prevention efforts throughout the U.S. |
### Instruction:
Are changes of serum beta-endorphin by programmed exercise training correlated with improvement of clinical symptoms and quality of life in female mitral valve prolapse syndrome?
### Response:
| Through programmed exercise training in these MVP females, the improvement of symptoms and QOL is parallel to the increase of serum beta-endorphin. This result implicates that MVP females should initiate exercise to tackle this annoying problem. |
### Instruction:
Do ursane triterpenoids inhibit atherosclerosis and xanthoma in LDL receptor knockout mice?
### Response:
| These Results suggest that down-regulation of MCP-1 is the main mechanism for antiatherogenic activity of triterpenes and MCP-1 might play important roles in the development of atherosclerosis and xanthoma. |
### Instruction:
Is peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma activity low in mature primary human visceral adipocytes?
### Response:
| We found considerably lower PPARG activity in visceral than in subcutaneous primary human adipocytes. Further studies of the molecular mechanisms behind this difference could lead to development of drugs that target the adverse effects of visceral obesity. |
### Instruction:
Does the analysis of quantitative expression of somatostatin and dopamine receptors in gastro-entero-pancreatic tumours open new therapeutic strategies?
### Response:
| GEP tumours co-express sst(2) and D(2) in 100% of cases and sst(5) in 89% thus supporting the testing of bi-specific agonists (sst(2)/sst(5) or sst(2)/D(2)) in these tumours. |
### Instruction:
Does four-day antithrombin therapy seem to attenuate hypercoagulability in patients suffering from sepsis?
### Response:
| The current study shows a distinct hypercoagulability in patients suffering from severe sepsis, which was not reversed by high-dose AT treatment over four days. This finding supports recent data showing that modulation of coagulatory activation in septic patients by AT does not occur before one week of therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does lysophosphatidic acid induce thrombogenic activity through phosphatidylserine exposure and procoagulant microvesicle generation in human erythrocytes?
### Response:
| These results suggested that LPA-exposed erythrocytes could make an important contribution to thrombosis mediated through PS exposure and procoagulant microvesicle generation. |
### Instruction:
Does angiopoietin-like protein3 regulate plasma HDL cholesterol through suppression of endothelial lipase?
### Response:
| Angptl3 acts as an inhibitor of EL and may be involved in the regulation of plasma HDL cholesterol and HDL-PL levels in humans and rodents. |
### Instruction:
Does advanced age exacerbate the pulmonary inflammatory response after lipopolysaccharide exposure?
### Response:
| The hyperreactive systemic inflammatory response seen in aged individuals after lipopolysaccharide administration is accompanied by an exacerbated pulmonary inflammatory response, which may contribute to the higher mortality seen in the aged given an inflammatory insult. |
### Instruction:
Is tuberculin skin testing useful in the screening for nontuberculous mycobacterial cervicofacial lymphadenitis in children?
### Response:
| Tuberculin skin testing could be valuable as a first step in the diagnostic analysis of cervicofacial lymphadenitis in children without a history of TB exposure or bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination. |
### Instruction:
Are multifocality and multicentricity contraindications for sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer surgery?
### Response:
| Our lymphoscintigraphic study shows that axillary SLN represents the whole breast regardless of tumor location within the parenchyma. The high accuracy of SLNB in MF and MC breast cancer demonstrates, according with the results of other series published in the literature, that both MF and MC tumors do not represent a contraindication for SLNB anymore. |
### Instruction:
Are natriuretic peptides levels related to HDL-cholesterol with no influence on endothelium dependent vasodilatation?
### Response:
| The present study suggested that natriuretic peptides, BNP and CNP, are not altered in patients affected by hypercholesterolemia. Nevertheless, the levels of HDL-cholesterol are strictly related to the values of CNP. This observation, in humans, adds another mechanism to the vascular control exerted by HDL. |
### Instruction:
Does apolipoprotein E polymorphism influence lipid phenotypes in Chinese families with familial combined hyperlipidemia?
### Response:
| ApoE polymorphism appears to be associated with variance of the lipoprotein phenotype in Chinese families with FCHL. |
### Instruction:
Are young adult patients with short dissection length and thrombosed false lumen without ulcer-like projections liable to have false-negative results of D-dimer testing for acute aortic dissection based on a study of 113 cases?
### Response:
| Physicians should be aware that younger patients with short dissection length and a TFL without ULP are liable to have false-negative DT results. |
### Instruction:
Are patients with low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol or smoking more likely to develop myocardial infarction among subjects with a visible lesion or stenosis in coronary artery?
### Response:
| The present findings indicate that among subjects with a visible lesion or stenosis in coronary arteries, those with low HDL-C or smokers are more likely to develop MI. |
### Instruction:
Is school region socio-economic status and geographic locale associated with food behaviour of Ontario and Alberta adolescents?
### Response:
| Selected food behaviours of youth from Ontario and Alberta improve with increasing school SES and vary with rural/urban school locale. Identifying regional demographics may be useful in tailoring healthy eating programs to the specific school. |
### Instruction:
Is reelin expression upregulated following ocular tissue injury?
### Response:
| Reelin is expressed during normal retinogenesis. This study shows that reelin is also upregulated following injury to the retina and cornea. The expression of reelin following injury suggests that reelin may play an important role in regulating stem cell trafficking in neuronal and nonneuronal tissues following injury similar to its role in normal organogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Do flurbiprofen and its nitric oxide-releasing derivative protect against septic shock in rats?
### Response:
| These results suggest a protective effect of flurbiprofen and nitroflurbiprofen in septic shock. |
### Instruction:
Does histamine induce interleukin-6 expression in the human synovial sarcoma cell line ( SW982 ) through the H1 receptor?
### Response:
| We conclude that histamine stimulates IL-6 release from SW982 cells by binding to the H1 receptor and this is coupled to the PI/PKC signal transduction pathway. Development of an H1 antagonist that inhibits the release of IL-6 from synoviocytes may be beneficial for the treatment of inflammatory joint disease. |
### Instruction:
Does difficulty of cardiac arrest rhythm identification correlate with length of chest compression pause before defibrillation?
### Response:
| Long cardiopulmonary resuscitation pauses before defibrillation are likely due to human factors during the resuscitation and not due to inherent difficulties with rhythm identification. This preliminary work highlights the need for more research and training in the area of team performance and human factors during resuscitation. |
### Instruction:
Does terbutaline inhibit corticotropin-releasing hormone ( CRH ) expression in human trophoblast cells?
### Response:
| The beta-adrenergic agonist terbutaline inhibits the expression of CRH in human trophoblasts. This finding may provide insight into the mechanism of action of terbutaline as a tocolytic agent. |
### Instruction:
Is funisitis in term pregnancy associated with microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and intra-amniotic inflammation?
### Response:
| Funisitis is present in 4% of women at term and is associated with microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) and inflammation as reflected by increased AF WBC count. |
### Instruction:
Are glucagon receptor knockout mice resistant to diet-induced obesity and streptozotocin-mediated beta cell loss and hyperglycaemia?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that blocking glucagon signalling by targeted Gcgr gene deletion leads to an improvement in metabolic control in this mouse model. |
### Instruction:
Are glucose requirements to maintain euglycemia after moderate-intensity afternoon exercise in adolescents with type 1 diabetes increased in a biphasic manner?
### Response:
| The biphasic increase in glucose requirements to maintain euglycemia after exercise suggests a unique pattern of early and delayed risk for nocturnal hypoglycemia after afternoon exercise. |
### Instruction:
Does impaired intestinal iron absorption in Crohn 's disease correlate with disease activity and markers of inflammation?
### Response:
| Subjects with active CD have impaired oral iron absorption and elevated IL-6 levels compared with subjects with inactive disease. These findings suggest that oral iron may be of limited benefit to these patients. Future study is needed to define the molecular basis for impaired iron absorption. |
### Instruction:
Do antibodies to I2 predict clinical response to fecal diversion in Crohn 's disease?
### Response:
| Expression of I2 antibodies against a bacterial antigen of Pseudomonas fluorescens was highly associated with clinical response to fecal diversion in CD patients. |
### Instruction:
Does myocardial cooling with ice-slush provide no cardioprotective effects in aortic valve replacement?
### Response:
| Topical cooling with ice-slush does not provide additional cardioprotective effects. Comparison with an historical cohort indicates that administration of crystalloid cardioplegia following a rigid protocol might reduce myocardial damage. |
### Instruction:
Are women with myocardial infarction less likely than men to experience chest symptoms?
### Response:
| Women were less likely to experience chest symptoms and more likely to experience atypical symptoms than men. Symptom experience and the patients' expectations of symptoms influenced interpretation and attribution among both sexes. |
### Instruction:
Do recurrent insertion and duplication generate networks of transposable element sequences in the Drosophila melanogaster genome?
### Response:
| Rapid restructuring of the genomic landscape by transposition and duplication has recently added hundreds of kilobases of TE sequence to pericentromeric regions in D. melanogaster. These events create ragged transitions between unique and repetitive sequences in the zone between euchromatic and beta-heterochromatic regions. Complex relationships of TE nesting in beta-heterochromatic regions raise the possibility of a co-suppression network that may act as a global surveillance system against the majority of TE families in D. melanogaster. |
### Instruction:
Is depression in vascular dementia quantitatively and qualitatively different from depression in Alzheimer 's disease?
### Response:
| Depression in VaD was quantitatively and qualitatively different from that in AD regardless of the severity of dementia and gender; depression was more prevalent, severer and more retarded and vegetative in VaD than in AD. |
### Instruction:
Is pUMA critical for neonatal cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress?
### Response:
| Taken together, our data indicate that Puma is a critical component of ER stress-induced apoptosis in cardiac myocytes, and inhibition of Puma activity may be used to treat cardiac infarcts or prevent heart failure by blocking ER stress-induced apoptosis. |
### Instruction:
Do sensory and affective aspects of dyspnea contribute differentially to the Borg scale 's measurement of dyspnea?
### Response:
| These findings show that sensory and affective aspects of perceived dyspnea differentially influence the global measure of dyspnea as determined by the Borg scale. A differentiation between these aspects in future studies through the use of separate rating scales could yield more detailed information on the perception and report of dyspnea. |
### Instruction:
Is reperfusion kinase phosphorylation essential but not sufficient in the mediation of pharmacological preconditioning : Characterisation in the bi-phasic profile of early and late protection?
### Response:
| We demonstrate that PPC results in a clearly delineated time-course of bi-phasic protection against injurious ischemic injury that is correlated with reperfusion kinase phosphorylation of both Akt and ERK. These data indicate a novel mechanism of early and particularly delayed preconditioning. |
### Instruction:
Is aMI associated with polymorphisms in the NOS3 and FGB but not in PAI-1 genes in young adults?
### Response:
| Our data suggest NOS3 and FGB polymorphisms are associated with AMI. NOS3 is also related to hypertension, endothelial dysfunction and variation on serum cholesterol in young adults with AMI. |
### Instruction:
Do pathogen-sensing plasmacytoid dendritic cells stimulate cytotoxic T-cell function in the atherosclerotic plaque through interferon-alpha?
### Response:
| pDCs in atherosclerotic plaque sense microbial motifs and amplify cytolytic T-cell functions, thus providing a link between host-infectious episodes and acute immune-mediated complications of atherosclerosis. |
### Instruction:
Is liver fibrogenesis due to cholestasis associated with increased Smad7 expression and Smad3 signaling?
### Response:
| Hepatocytes of damaged liver tissue display increased TGF-beta signaling via Smad3. Further, negative feedback regulation of TGF-beta signaling by increased Smad7 expression in activated hepatic stellate cells occurs, however does not interfere with fibrogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Is the IL-6 promoter polymorphism associated with disease activity and disability in systemic sclerosis?
### Response:
| The GG homozygosis was found to be associated with a higher degree of illness activity and disability in SSc patients. No statistically significant differences were found between SSc patients and healthy controls with respect to the -597 allele distribution. |
### Instruction:
Is persistently low plasma thioredoxin associated with meningococcal septic shock in children?
### Response:
| Children with MSS exhibit persistently low plasma levels of Trx during acute illness and in convalescence. |
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