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### Instruction:
Are smokers living in deprived areas less likely to quit : a longitudinal follow-up?
### Response:
| Living in a deprived area seems to reduce the likelihood of quitting smoking; hence individual-level tobacco control efforts should be complemented with area-based interventions. However, we need to identify and understand the underlying factors associated with living in a deprived area that contributes to lower quitting rates. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of aldose reductase prevent lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in human lens epithelial cells?
### Response:
| The results indicate that AR mediates the bacterial endotoxin signaling that could damage HLECs by regulating the signals that activate the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-kappaB and cause inflammation. Thus, inhibition of AR could be a therapeutic target for Gram-negative bacterial infection-induced visual complications. |
### Instruction:
Are serum insulin-like growth factor-I ( IGF-I ) IGF binding protein-3 ( IGFBP-3 ) and leptin levels related to abdominal aortic intima-media thickness in macrosomic newborns?
### Response:
| Macrosomic neonates of diabetic mothers have significantly increased aortic intima-media thickness with higher serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and leptin concentrations than those of controls. It might be speculated that these changes may exaggerate the atherosclerotic process later in life. |
### Instruction:
Does preoperative C-reactive protein predict mid-term outcome after cardiac surgery?
### Response:
| Patients undergoing cardiac surgery with a CRP level of 0.5 mg/dL or more are exposed to a higher risk of in-hospital mortality and postoperative infections. Despite surgical correction of cardiac disease, a high preoperative CRP value is an independent risk factor for mid-term survival and hospitalization for cardiac causes. |
### Instruction:
Does posterior vaginal wall prolapse correlate with fecal symptoms or objective measures of anorectal function?
### Response:
| Anorectal symptoms do not correlate with the degree of posterior vaginal wall prolapse, nor does the presence of prolapse equate to abnormal physiologic test results. Bowel symptoms may result from primary anorectal abnormalities, which are demonstrated by physiologic studies. |
### Instruction:
Is diastolic dysfunction associated with poor survival in patients with cirrhosis with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt?
### Response:
| Diastolic dysfunction estimated using E/A ratio is a promising predictor of death in patients with cirrhosis who are treated with TIPS. |
### Instruction:
Is hydroxyethyl starch superior to lactated Ringer as a replacement fluid in a pig model of acute normovolaemic haemodilution?
### Response:
| In this model of ANH, the starch group had a superior haemodynamic response. Minor loss of myocardial cellular integrity and preserved gastric pHi reinforce these findings. |
### Instruction:
Does comparative analysis of dinoflagellate chloroplast genomes reveal rRNA and tRNA genes?
### Response:
| Comparative analysis of minicircle sequences has allowed us to identify previously unrecognised features of dinoflagellate chloroplast genomes, including additional protein and RNA genes. The chloroplast rRNA gene sequences are radically different from those in other organisms, and in many ways resemble the rRNA genes found in some highly reduced mitochondrial genomes. The retention of certain tRNA genes in the dinoflagellate chloroplast genome has important implications for models of chloroplast-mitochondrion interaction. |
### Instruction:
Is true fractional calcium absorption decreased after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery?
### Response:
| TFCA decreases (0.12 +/- 0.08) after RYGB surgery but remains within normal range. Although only some patients were estimated to have low Ca absorption after surgery, all of the patients showed a dramatic increase in markers of bone resorption. The alteration in Ca metabolism after RYGB-induced weight loss appears to be regulated primarily by estradiol levels and might ultimately affect bone mass. |
### Instruction:
Does resistance training lower exercise-induced oxidative stress and homocysteine levels in overweight and obese older adults?
### Response:
| To our knowledge, these data are the first to show that RX reduces exercise-induced oxidative stress and homocysteine regardless of adiposity, indicating that this protection can be afforded in an older, overweight/obese population as effectively as in healthy older adults. These data suggest that RX may afford some protection against emerging cardiovascular risk factors using a mode of exercise that supports body weight. |
### Instruction:
Are cNS progenitor cells and oligodendrocytes targets of chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo?
### Response:
| Identifying neural populations at risk during any cancer treatment is of great importance in developing means of reducing neurotoxicity and preserving quality of life in long-term survivors. Thus, as well as providing possible explanations for the adverse neurological effects of systemic chemotherapy, the strong correlations between our in vitro and in vivo analyses indicate that the same approaches we used to identify the reported toxicities can also provide rapid in vitro screens for analyzing new therapies and discovering means of achieving selective protection or targeted killing. |
### Instruction:
Does dexrazoxane prevent myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced oxidative stress in the rat heart?
### Response:
| The decrease in proteins carbonylation and correlative hemodynamic improvement suggests that Dex decreases I/R free radical formation and reperfusion injury. |
### Instruction:
Does neuropathic injury to the levator ani occur in 1 in 4 primiparous women?
### Response:
| Obstetric delivery is associated frequently with electromyographic evidence of neuropathic injury to the levator ani. The entire levator complex is at risk, and cesarean delivery while in labor is not protective. |
### Instruction:
Does glycodelin mediate the increase in vascular endothelial growth factor in response to oxidative stress in the endometrium?
### Response:
| Glycodelin may act as an autocrine factor within endometriotic implants to increase VEGF expression during oxidative stress. |
### Instruction:
Do steroids reduce local inflammatory mediator secretion and mucosal permeability in collagenous colitis patients?
### Response:
| Oral steroid treatment in CC patients induced a simultaneous reduction of bowel movements and rectal release of ECP, bFGF, VEGF and albumin, suggesting that these polypeptides and increased mucosal permeability are important components of the pathophysiology in collagenous colitis. |
### Instruction:
Is contrast-enhanced tissue Doppler imaging of the left atrial appendage a new quantitative measure of spontaneous echocardiographic contrast in atrial fibrillation?
### Response:
| Contrast-enhanced TDI is an original new tool that provides a quantification of the mean velocity of LAA-SEC that might improve our decision making in patients with atrial fibrillation. |
### Instruction:
Do the Mediterranean and CHO diets decrease VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression induced by modified low-density lipoprotein in HUVECs?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that both the Mediterranean and CHO diets may decrease the pro-inflammatory environment induced by modified LDL in endothelial cells. |
### Instruction:
Is domain 1 of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor required for its morphologic and functional , beta2 integrin-mediated connection with actin cytoskeleton in human microvascular endothelial cells : failure of association in systemic sclerosis endothelial cells?
### Response:
| The reduced angiogenic properties of SSc MVECs can be explained by the effects of uPAR truncation and the subsequent loss of the beta2 integrin-mediated connection of uPAR with the actin cytoskeleton in these ECs. |
### Instruction:
Is traditional and market food access in Arctic Canada affected by economic factors?
### Response:
| Affordability of market food and accessibility to hunting and fishing in Arctic Canada were major barriers to Indigenous women's food security. |
### Instruction:
Does telmisartan attenuate chronic ciclosporin A nephrotoxicity in a pig model?
### Response:
| Long-term CsA treatment causes histopathological changes in the porcine kidney similar to those observed in humans and results in renal enlargement. Telmisartan attenuates the CsA-induced histopathological changes and enlargement in the pig kidney. |
### Instruction:
Do effects of early enteral arginine supplementation on resuscitation of severe burn patients?
### Response:
| Enteral feeding with l-arginine supplementation on early stage of burn decreases NO production to a relatively normal level and exerts beneficial effects on the resuscitation of burned shock. |
### Instruction:
Does chronic benzylpiperazine ( BZP ) exposure produce behavioral sensitization and cross-sensitization to methamphetamine ( MA )?
### Response:
| The present findings indicate that repeated exposure to BZP results in sensitization and cross-sensitization to MA. |
### Instruction:
Does dexamethasone mediate protection against acute pancreatitis via upregulation of pancreatitis-associated proteins?
### Response:
| Dexamethasone significantly decreases the severity of pancreatitis. The protective mechanism of dexamethasone may be via upregulating PAP gene expression during injury. |
### Instruction:
Does interferon augment the anti-fibrotic activity of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor in patients with refractory chronic hepatitis C?
### Response:
| The combination therapy of an ACE-I and IFN may have a diverse effect on disease progression in patients with CHC refractory to IFN therapy through its anti-fibrotic effect. |
### Instruction:
Does a single dose of caffeic acid phenethyl ester prevent initiation in a medium-term rat hepatocarcinogenesis model?
### Response:
| Our results demonstrated that CAPE possesses anti-genotoxic and antineoplastic capabilities, by an anti-oxidative and free-radical scavenging mechanism. |
### Instruction:
Are cis-motifs upstream of the transcription and translation initiation sites effectively revealed by their positional disequilibrium in eukaryote genomes using frequency distribution curves?
### Response:
| This is the first study to reveal positional over-representation of CREs and promoter motifs in a cross-species approach. CREs and motifs shared between eukaryotic promoters support the observation that an eukaryotic promoter structure has been conserved throughout evolutionary time. Furthermore, with the information on positional enrichment of a motif or a known functional CRE, it is possible to get a more detailed insight into where an element appears to function. This in turn might accelerate the in depth examination of known and yet unknown cis-regulatory sequences in the laboratory. |
### Instruction:
Are fGFR1 and WT1 markers of human prostate cancer progression?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that each of these four genes may play a role, or at least reflect a stage of prostate carcinoma growth/development/progression. |
### Instruction:
Are cysteinyl leukotriene receptors CysLT1 and CysLT2 upregulated in acute neuronal injury after focal cerebral ischemia in mice?
### Response:
| CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors are upregulated in acute neuronal injury after focal cerebral ischemia, and the CysLT1 receptor is localized in neurons after ischemia. |
### Instruction:
Is cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 involved in N-methyl-D-aspartate-mediated neuronal injury in mice?
### Response:
| CysLT1 receptor expression in neurons is upregulated after NMDA injection, and NMDA-induced responses are inhibited by CysLT1 receptor antagonists, indicating that the increased CysLT1 receptor is involved in NMDA excitotoxicity. |
### Instruction:
Do amnesia for electric dental pulp stimulation and picture recall test under different levels of propofol or midazolam sedation?
### Response:
| Propofol and midazolam did not show any significant difference in amnesic effects to non-invasive stimuli. For invasive stimuli, midazolam showed a stronger amnesic effect at the moderate sedation level, but not at the deeper sedation level. |
### Instruction:
Does comparison of Bayer Advia Centaur immunoassay result obtained on samples collected in four different Becton Dickinson Vacutainer tubes?
### Response:
| Only for cortisol did our findings support the bias described by MHRA. Based on our results, apart from vitamin-B12 and possibly cortisol, there may have been no significant influence on clinical decisions as a result of using the old BD SSTII Advance specimen tubes. New BD SSTII Advance tubes and plain tubes give generally comparable results. BD PSTII tubes should not be used for steroid hormone measurements on the Bayer Advia Centaur instrument. |
### Instruction:
Do erythropoiesis and myocardial energy requirements contribute to the hypermetabolism of childhood sickle cell anemia?
### Response:
| These results indicate that metabolic demands of increased erythropoiesis and cardiac energy consumption account for much of the excess protein and energy metabolism in children with sickle cell anemia. |
### Instruction:
Does specific classification of elibrary resources say more about users ' preferences?
### Response:
| Analysis of the use of specific MeSH terms reveals user preferences that would have otherwise remained obscured. These preferences are not found if more generic MeSH terms are analysed. |
### Instruction:
Is cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress affected by alpha2-adrenoreceptor activation or inhibition?
### Response:
| Cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress is not related to pharmacologically manipulated tonic central sympathetic nervous system activity by alpha2-adrenergic agonists and antagonists. These results do not support the assumption that cardiovascular reactivity is an index of tonic central sympathetic nervous system activity. |
### Instruction:
Are elevated levels of serum interleukin-6 associated with low grade cellular rejection in patients with heart transplantation?
### Response:
| In heart transplant patients, high levels of serum IL6 were associated with low grade cellular rejection. Determination of IL6 levels may be useful to reduce the number of endomyocardial biopsies during follow-up in these patients. |
### Instruction:
Does high-dose allopurinol improve endothelial function by profoundly reducing vascular oxidative stress and not by lowering uric acid?
### Response:
| For the first time, we have shown that a steep dose-response relationship exists between allopurinol and its effect on endothelial function. We also showed that the mechanism of improvement in endothelial function with allopurinol lies in its ability to reduce vascular oxidative stress and not in urate reduction. The reduction in vascular oxidative stress was profound because high-dose allopurinol totally abolished the oxidative stress that was sensitive to the high-dose vitamin C that was used in this study. |
### Instruction:
Is axillary cannulation for proximal aortic surgery as safe in the emergent setting as in elective cases?
### Response:
| Axillary cannulation and SCP in the surgical treatment of proximal aortic pathology is safe in both elective and emergent settings. |
### Instruction:
Are autoantibodies linked to autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I prevalent in Down syndrome?
### Response:
| Four patients with Down syndrome had autoantibodies hitherto regarded as unique for APS I, which may suggest a dysregulation of AIRE. |
### Instruction:
Is elevated gene expression of Th1/Th2 associated transcription factors correlated with disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus?
### Response:
| There is an association between expression of Th1/Th2 transcription factors and cytokines in SLE. The elevated gene expressions of Th1/Th2 transcription factors and cytokines should provide a useful tool for assessing the functional status of T-helper lymphocytes in SLE disease development. |
### Instruction:
Do smooth muscle caveolae differentially regulate specific agonist induced bladder contractions?
### Response:
| The functional effects of cholesterol depletion on specific agonist-induced contractile events and the expression of all three caveolins in bladder smooth muscle support a central role for caveolae in regulation of selective G-protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways in bladder smooth muscle. Thus, caveolae serve to differentially regulate bladder smooth muscle by a stimulus-dependent potentiation or inhibition of bladder contraction. |
### Instruction:
Does lactadherin detect early phosphatidylserine exposure on immortalized leukemia cells undergoing programmed cell death?
### Response:
| Macrophages may utilize lactadherin to detect PS exposure prior to exposure of sufficient PS to bind annexin V. The methodology enables detection of PS exposure at earlier stages than established methodology. |
### Instruction:
Does an aqueous garlic extract alleviate water avoidance stress-induced degeneration of the urinary bladder?
### Response:
| These results show that AGE has a protective effect on WAS-induced degenerative changes in the urinary bladder. |
### Instruction:
Does statistical analysis of an RNA titration series evaluate microarray precision and sensitivity on a whole-array basis?
### Response:
| The results demonstrate good precision and sensitivity for all the platforms, but highlight the need for improved probe annotation. They quantify the extent to which cross-platform measures can be expected to be less accurate than within-platform comparisons for predicting disease progression or outcome. |
### Instruction:
Does concomitant consumption of red wine and polyunsaturated fatty acids in edible oil influence the peroxidation status of chylomicron lipids despite increasing plasma catechin concentration?
### Response:
| Red wine consumption increases plasma catechins, but does not influence lipid peroxidation in postprandial CM. |
### Instruction:
Does deep brain stimulation improve orthostatic regulation of patients with Parkinson disease?
### Response:
| STN stimulation of patients with PD increases peripheral vasoconstriction and BRS and stabilizes BP, thereby improving postural hypotension in patients with PD. The results indicate that STN stimulation not only alleviates motor deficits but also influences autonomic regulation in patients with PD. |
### Instruction:
Is coexpression of fragile histidine triad and c-kit relevant for prediction of survival in patients with small cell lung cancer?
### Response:
| Differential FHIT and c-kit expression was of prognostic relevance for survival in patients with SCLC and therefore provide useful variables for therapeutic decisions. |
### Instruction:
Does theophylline potentiate the effects of a low dose of dexamethasone in horses with recurrent airway obstruction?
### Response:
| Oral theophylline for 7 days did not improve the effects of a low dose of dexamethasone for the treatment of horses with RAO. |
### Instruction:
Are endothelial nitric oxide synthase haplotypes associated with features of metabolic syndrome?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that genetic variation at the eNOS locus is associated with features of metabolic syndrome, and might represent a new genetic susceptibility component for insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-cholesterol concentrations. |
### Instruction:
Does interferon therapy in HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis reduce progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma?
### Response:
| IFN therapy reduces cirrhosis and HCC development. |
### Instruction:
Do human eosinophils have an intact Smad signaling pathway leading to a major transforming growth factor-beta target gene expression?
### Response:
| Human eosinophils have an intact Smad signaling pathway leading to a major TGF-beta target gene expression. Thus, eosinophils might become resistant to TGF-beta only in in vivo circumstances. |
### Instruction:
Are milan criteria useful predictors for favorable outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing liver transplantation after transarterial chemoembolization?
### Response:
| The Milan criteria are still a useful selection criteria showing favorable outcomes in HCC patients receiving TACE before LT. |
### Instruction:
Is immunoglobulin gene implicated in murine herpes stromal keratitis associated with the human disease?
### Response:
| Susceptibility to HSK in whites is not predicted by GM23 genotype. |
### Instruction:
Does ethanol treatment induce significant cell death in porcine corneal fibroblasts?
### Response:
| Treatment with 20% ethanol for 30 seconds induced significant porcine corneal fibroblast cell death, whereas 10% and 15% ethanol treatment of 30 seconds caused minimal changes. We propose that, when applied for 30 seconds, 20% ethanol is the threshold level that causes cell death in cultured porcine corneal fibroblasts. |
### Instruction:
Is surgery more cost-effective than splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome in the Netherlands : results of an economic evaluation alongside a randomized controlled trial?
### Response:
| In the Netherlands, surgery is more cost-effective compared with splinting, and recommended as the preferred method of treatment for patients with CTS. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Combined assay of serum prostate specific antigen and chromogranin A help diagnosis of prostate cancer ]?
### Response:
| The combined assay of serum PSA and CgA is of significant clinical value in raising the rate of diagnosis of prostate cancer, as well as in staging and prognosing the disease. |
### Instruction:
Does twelve weeks of nightly stretch reduce thumb web-space contractures in people with a neurological condition : a randomised controlled trial?
### Response:
| Intensive stretch administered regularly over three months does not reduce thumb web-space contractures in neurological conditions. |
### Instruction:
Is video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy for lung cancer associated with less immunochemokine disturbances than thoracotomy?
### Response:
| VATS major lung resection for NSCLC is associated with higher circulating levels of IGFBP-3, and lower levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1, compared to the thoracotomy approach. The clinical relevance of these postoperative changes on tumor biology following lung resection for cancer warrants further investigation. |
### Instruction:
Do acute and chronic tryptophan depletion differentially regulate central 5-HT1A and 5-HT 2A receptor binding in the rat?
### Response:
| ATD-induced reduction in somatodendritic 5-HT(1A) autoreceptor binding may represent an intrinsic 'homeostatic response' reducing serotonergic feedback in dorsal raphe projection areas. In contrast, the increase in 5-HT(2A) receptor after CTD may be a compensatory response to a long-term reduction in 5-HT. |
### Instruction:
Does microcirculatory dysfunction in the brain precede changes in evoked potentials in endotoxin-induced sepsis syndrome in rats?
### Response:
| For the first time we demonstrate microcirculatory dysfunction in the activation flow coupling of the brain. Inappropriate blood supply of neurons might explain the disturbance of neuronal function. |
### Instruction:
Does ulinastatin attenuate lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor alpha?
### Response:
| Ulinastatin attenuated I/R-induced lung injury. This function is partly related to the capacity of the agent to inhibit myeloperoxidase activity in lung tissue and decrease systemic expression to TNF-alpha. |
### Instruction:
Does labour induce increased concentrations of biglycan and hyaluronan in human fetal membranes?
### Response:
| It is well established that prelabour fetal membranes are considerably stronger than postlabour fetal membranes. Two features may explain this; a weakening of the amnion combined with a separation of amnion and chorio-decidua. The biomechanical changes are consistent with the decrease in collagen and decorin, and the increase in hyaluronan and biglycan demonstrated in this study. The separation of the membranes is caused by the formation of a gelatinous substance, rich in hyaluronan. The results indicate that the biomechanical changes are not merely secondary to the stress of labour but that an active maturation process is involved. |
### Instruction:
Does delayed enhancement magnetic resonance imaging predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with intraventricular dyssynchrony?
### Response:
| The DE-MRI accurately predicted clinical response to CRT. This technique offers unique information in the assessment of patients referred for CRT. |
### Instruction:
Is caveolin-1 important for nitric oxide-mediated angiogenesis in fibrin gels with human umbilical vein endothelial cells?
### Response:
| NO was a critical angiogenic mediator in this model. Cav-1 was essential for NO-mediated angiogenesis and may be an important target of anti-angiogenesis therapy. |
### Instruction:
Are heme oxygenase 1 , nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 , and nuclear factor kappaB involved in hemin inhibition of type 2 cationic amino acid transporter expression and L-Arginine transport in stimulated macrophages?
### Response:
| HO-1 induction significantly inhibited CAT-2 expression and L-arginine transport in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, possibly through mechanisms involved activation of Nrf2 and inhibition of NF-kappaB. In addition, carbon monoxide mediated, at least in part, the effects of HO-1 induction on CAT-2 expression and L-arginine transport. |
### Instruction:
Are primary tumor levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 predictive of resistance to chemotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer?
### Response:
| In the present exploratory study, we showed that elevated tumor tissue TIMP-1 levels were significantly associated with a poor response to chemotherapy. By using TIMP-1, we identified a group of patients with metastatic breast cancer, which hardly respond to the most frequently used chemotherapy regimes (i.e., cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/5-fluorouracil and anthracyclines). |
### Instruction:
Does inflation lung mechanics deteriorate markedly after saline instillation and open endotracheal suctioning in mechanically ventilated healthy piglets?
### Response:
| Opening pressures of the lungs increase markedly after saline instillation/suctioning in healthy piglets. In this situation, adequate recruitment maneuvers and PEEP might prevent lung collapse and deteriorations in arterial oxygenation. |
### Instruction:
Is day case laparoscopic incisional hernia repair feasible , acceptable , and cost effective?
### Response:
| Day case laparoscopic repair of incisional hernias is feasible and safe and has a good clinical outcome. The hospital costs are less than for open techniques. |
### Instruction:
Does interleukin-12p70 prolong allograft survival by induction of interferon gamma and nitric oxide production?
### Response:
| IL-12p70 treatment may inhibit rejection by hyperinduction of Th1 responses, especially production of IFN-gamma and nitric oxide. These effects may be by enhancing regulatory T-cell responses or by the activation of iNOS in macrophages to produce excessive nitric oxide that in turn inhibits alloimmune responses. |
### Instruction:
Do recipient memory-like lymphocytes remain unresponsive to graft antigens after CAMPATH-1H induction with reduced maintenance immunosuppression?
### Response:
| CAMPATH-1H induction combined with reduced maintenance immunosuppression is sufficient to control the effector phase of immune response to donor antigens. |
### Instruction:
Is executive dysfunction a significant predictor of poor quality of life in children with epilepsy?
### Response:
| Executive dysfunction appears to exert a broad adverse influence on HRQOL in children with epilepsy, with clinical-level impairments in executive dysfunction contributing to a twofold increase in the likelihood of poor HRQOL. The constellation of executive dysfunction, low adaptive level, high medication load, and a history of several failed AEDs are risk factors for poor HRQOL in children with epilepsy. |
### Instruction:
Is higher maternal dietary protein intake in late pregnancy associated with a lower infant ponderal index at birth?
### Response:
| This raises the possibility that any effect of high protein in altering infant anthropometry at birth may involve changes in body composition and future work to examine how a high-protein diet influences body composition at birth is warranted. |
### Instruction:
Are sleep disorders underdiagnosed in patients on maintenance hemodialysis?
### Response:
| The patients on hemodialysis showed poor sleep quality with a significant increase in the apnea-hypopnea index and in the number of dips in SaO(2). SAHS was underdiagnosed in a large percentage of the hemodialysis patients. |
### Instruction:
Is hNF-1alpha G574S a functional variant with decreased transactivation activity?
### Response:
| G574S affects the transactivation potential of HNF-1alpha on the insulin promoter in pancreatic beta-cells. Although it has been difficult to prove its role in the development of diabetes in case-control association studies, this variant exhibits functional effects consistent with it being a potential diabetes susceptibility allele. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of apoptotic protein p53 lower the threshold of isoflurane-induced cardioprotection during early reperfusion in rabbits?
### Response:
| The results indicate that inhibition of the apoptotic protein p53 lowers the threshold of isoflurane-induced cardioprotection during early reperfusion in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Sedoanalgesia with remifentanil in definitive pacemaker implant ]?
### Response:
| Remifentanil is useful in the implant of DPM as a sedoanalgesia method. Serious undesired effects are rare. Future studies are necessary to completely establish its effectiveness and safety in these types of procedures. |
### Instruction:
Do higher methylation levels in gastric mucosae significantly correlate with higher risk of gastric cancers?
### Response:
| In H. pylori-negative individuals, methylation levels in gastric mucosae significantly increased in cases with a single gastric cancer and more in cases with multiple gastric cancers. Quantitative analysis of methylation levels is a promising risk marker for gastric cancers. |
### Instruction:
Does acetate correction for postabsorption metabolism improve the [ 13C ] mixed triacylglycerol breath test?
### Response:
| The need to perform 2 tests, variation in physical activity between tests and differences in intermediary metabolism preclude the use of acetate correction factors when using [C]MTG to assess intraluminal fat digestion, especially in children. |
### Instruction:
Does national patterns and correlate of complementary and alternative medicine use in adults with diabetes?
### Response:
| This study found that there has been a dramatic increase in overall use of CAM in adults with diabetes; diabetes was not an independent predictor of overall use of CAM; and people with diabetes were more likely to use prayer, but less likely to use herbs, yoga, or vitamins compared to persons without diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Does consumption of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum alter phytoestrogen metabolism and plasma hormones in men : a pilot study?
### Response:
| The 2-month intervention with probiotic capsules did not significantly alter equol excretion, plasma hormone, or leptin concentrations in these subjects. A secondary finding was that male equol excretors in this study did not exhibit a hormone profile consistent with reduced prostate cancer risk, although this result should be interpreted with caution. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Mid and long term result in the laparoscopic surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux ]?
### Response:
| Good results are possible in the laparoscopic management of GERD with a precise selection of patients and with a good open and laparoscopic surgical experience in the management of functional esophageal diseases. |
### Instruction:
Does tetramethylpyrazine protect rat renal tubular cell apoptosis induced by gentamicin?
### Response:
| Based on the results of this study, we suggest that TMP can attenuate gentamicin-induced oxidative stress and apoptotic injury in rat RTCs, and that its character may have therapeutic potential for patients with renal diseases. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of PKC activity block the increase of ETB receptor expression in cerebral arteries?
### Response:
| The results show that PKC inhibitors are able to decrease the ETB receptor contraction and expression in MCA smooth muscle cells following organ culture. The PKC inhibitor 20-28 affects the protein levels, while Ro-32-0432 and bisindolylmaleimide I affect the mRNA levels, suggesting differences in activity profile. Since ETB receptor upregulation is seen in cerebral ischemia, the results of the present study provide a way to interfere with the vascular involvement in cerebral ischemia. |
### Instruction:
Is fluoxetine effective in the treatment of post-stroke fatigue : a double-blind , placebo-controlled study?
### Response:
| Fluoxetine does not improve PoSF, although some concomitant emotional disturbances improved significantly. Our results suggest that PoSF may be associated with diverse etiologies but not closely related to serotonergic dysfunction. Further studies are required to elucidate the causative factors and to find an appropriate treatment for PoSF. |
### Instruction:
Are plasma osteopontin levels elevated in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes?
### Response:
| The plasma osteopontin levels are elevatedin patients with unstable angina/NSTEMI, but there appears to be no correlation with the extent of CAD. These results ma suggest that osteopontin may have a role in the pathobiology of ACS. |
### Instruction:
Do antibodies to trophoblast antigens HLA-G , placenta growth factor , and neuroD2 improve detection of circulating trophoblast cells in maternal blood?
### Response:
| The antibodies used in this study were unable to improve detection of trophoblast cells in the maternal circulation. |
### Instruction:
Does vitamin C prevent zidovudine-induced NAD ( P ) H oxidase activation and hypertension in the rat?
### Response:
| Chronic AZT administration increases blood pressure and promotes cardiovascular damage through a NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent mechanism that involves PKC delta. Vitamin C antagonizes these adverse effects of AZT in the cardiovascular system. |
### Instruction:
Do t cell responses to a non-glycosylated epitope predominate in type II collagen-immunised HLA-DRB1*0101 transgenic mice?
### Response:
| This study shows that T cell responses to the non-glycosylated epitope of heterologous (human) CII are dominant in HLA-DR1 transgenic mice lacking MHC-II, which could contribute to the pathogenicity of autoimmune arthritis. |
### Instruction:
Does terbinafine increase the plasma concentration of paroxetine after a single oral administration of paroxetine in healthy subjects?
### Response:
| The present study demonstrated that the metabolism of paroxetine after a single oral dose was inhibited by terbinafine, suggesting that inhibition of CYP2D6 activity may lead to a change in the pharmacokinetics of paroxetine. However, further study is required to confirm this phenomenon at steady state. |
### Instruction:
Is human Wapl a cohesin-binding protein that promotes sister-chromatid resolution in mitotic prophase?
### Response:
| Wapl is a new regulator of sister chromatid resolution and promotes release of cohesin from chromosomes by directly interacting with its regulatory subunits. |
### Instruction:
Is heavy daily smoking among under 18-year-old psychiatric inpatients associated with increased risk for suicide attempts?
### Response:
| Among adolescents with severe psychiatric illnesses, heavy daily smoking may increase the risk of suicidal behaviour independently of current psychiatric diagnosis. The degree of nicotine dependence of an adolescent should therefore be carefully assessed as part of psychiatric evaluation. |
### Instruction:
Do leptin levels decline steadily during prolonged fasting in lean children?
### Response:
| After 6 hours, leptin levels steadily decline during prolonged fasting in lean children. The decline probably is related to the suppression of insulin secretion. Although baseline leptin levels were related to BMI and age, in the final fasting sample, leptin levels showed minimal variation in this pediatric cohort encompassing a wide age range. |
### Instruction:
Does exposure to marijuana during pregnancy alter neurobehavior in the early neonatal period?
### Response:
| Marijuana exposure during pregnancy alters the neurobehavioral performance of term newborn infants of adolescent mothers. |
### Instruction:
Do stronger symptoms of depression predict high coronary heart disease mortality in older men and women?
### Response:
| Stronger symptoms of depression are an independent risk factor for high CHD or MI mortality in aged Finnish men and women free of CHD at baseline. |
### Instruction:
Does genetic deficiency of cyclooxygenase-2 attenuate abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in mice?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that increased COX-2 expression in smooth muscle cells of the abdominal aorta contributes to AAA formation in mice by enhancing inflammatory cell infiltration. |
### Instruction:
Does tissue kallikrein protect against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy through kinin B2 receptor and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta activation?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that tissue kallikrein, through kinin B2 receptor and GSK-3beta signaling, protects against pressure overload-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by increased NO formation and oxidative stress-induced Akt-GSK-3beta-mediated signaling events, MAPK and NF-kappaB activation. |
### Instruction:
Does knee joint loading differ in individuals with mild compared with moderate medial knee osteoarthritis?
### Response:
| The differences between mild and moderate symptomatic radiographic knee OA are not only structural but also functional, based on the magnitude of load in the medial knee joint. Moreover, knee adduction angular impulse provides additional information beyond that available from the peak knee adduction moment, and may therefore be an important gait parameter to include in OA research. These findings are important for our understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of OA. |
### Instruction:
Is the risk of persistent paresthesia increased with repeated axillary block?
### Response:
| The risk of neurologic complications was not increased in patients who underwent multiple axillary blocks, even within a 1-wk interval. No risk factors for anesthetic-related complications were identified. However, block success rate was increased with the paresthesia technique and the injection of mepivacaine versus bupivacaine. |
### Instruction:
Does the effect of halothane on the amplitude and frequency characteristics of heart sound in children?
### Response:
| Heart sound characteristics can be used to monitor cardiac function during halothane anesthesia in children. The changes occur rapidly and precede noticeable changes in heart rate and blood pressure. |
### Instruction:
Does endobronchial intubation cause an immediate increase in peak inflation pressure in pediatric patients?
### Response:
| Monitoring peak inflation pressure while inserting an endotracheal tube and during anesthesia can help to diagnose endobronchial intubation. |
### Instruction:
Is messenger ribonucleic acid for the gonadal luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin receptor present in human endometrium?
### Response:
| The traditional gonadal LH/hCG receptor does not appear to be present in human endometrial tissue. The presence of a portion of the transmembrane part of the molecule suggests that human endometrium may express a truncated or variant form of the receptor. |
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