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### Instruction:
Does the chain length of dietary saturated fatty acids affect human postprandial lipemia?
### Response:
| Chain length of saturates clearly mediated postmeal plasma TAG and HDL-C changes. |
### Instruction:
Is nut consumption associated with decreased health risk factors for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome in U.S. adults : NHANES 1999-2004?
### Response:
| Nut/tree nut consumption was associated with a decreased prevalence of selected risk factors for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and MetS. |
### Instruction:
Are dietary and total calcium intakes associated with lower percentage total body and truncal fat in young , healthy adults?
### Response:
| Our findings support a relationship, even after adjusting for physical activity, between higher dietary and total calcium intakes and lower total body and truncal fat in young adults. Results suggest an intake of approximately 1500 mg/d calcium could aid in the management of body and truncal fat. We recommend that young adults be encouraged to increase their total calcium intakes to at least the recommended daily allowance of 1000 mg/d for reasons extending beyond bone health. |
### Instruction:
Do variation in rates of early development in Haliotis asinina generate competent larvae of different ages?
### Response:
| Significant differences in the rates of development exist both within and between cohorts of synchronously fertilised H. asinina gametes. These differences can be detected shortly after fertilisation and generate larvae of increasingly divergent development states. We discuss the significance of our results within an ecological context, the adaptive significance of mechanisms that might maintain this variation, and potential sources of this variation. |
### Instruction:
Does hydrogen sulfide regulate vascular endoplasmic reticulum stress in apolipoprotein E knockout mice?
### Response:
| H(2)S plays a regulatory role in aortic ERS and reduces atherosclerotic lesions in apoE(-/-) mice fed with a Western type diet. |
### Instruction:
Is interleukin 6 necessary for STAT3 phosphorylation and myocardial hypertrophy following short term beta-adrenergic stimulation?
### Response:
| IL-6 is not necessary for isoproterenol induced STAT3 phosphorylation, but may affect activation of this pathway by mild non-specific stimuli. Lack of IL-6 does not affect activation of MEK/ERK pathway nor cardiac hypertrophy by beta-adrenergic agonists. |
### Instruction:
Do the effect of exercise training on pulmonary function and aerobic capacity in adults with burn?
### Response:
| Although the exercise training did not alter PF, both aerobic capacity and occupational performance were improved. |
### Instruction:
Are caffeic acid phenethyl ester and its amide analogue potent inhibitors of leukotriene biosynthesis in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes?
### Response:
| CAPE is a potent LT biosynthesis inhibitor that blocks 5-LO activity and AA release. The CAPE structure can be used as a framework for the rational design of stable and potent inhibitors of LT biosynthesis. |
### Instruction:
Is rNA interference induced in the glassy winged sharpshooter Homalodisca vitripennis by actin dsRNA?
### Response:
| The findings indicate that RNAi is induced in post-embryonic leafhoppers by dsRNA. The present system can be used to screen potential gene-silencing targets that can be used for reducing the vector competence of H. vitripennis and other leafhoppers. |
### Instruction:
Is the LRRK2 G2019S mutation associated with Parkinson disease and concomitant non-skin cancers?
### Response:
| Ashkenazi Jewish patients with PD who harbor the G2019S LRRK2 mutation are more likely to have a concomitant non-skin cancer than noncarriers. |
### Instruction:
Is milrinone preferred to levosimendan for mesenteric perfusion in hypoxia-reoxygenated newborn piglets treated with dopamine?
### Response:
| In conclusion, adding milrinone or levosimendan to dopamine similarly improved systemic hemodynamics in H-R newborn piglets. Milrinone also improved mesenteric perfusion and attenuated myocardial oxidative stress. |
### Instruction:
Does oral alcohol administration disturb tear film and ocular surface?
### Response:
| Orally administered ethanol was secreted into the tears. Ethanol in tears induced tear hyperosmolarity and shortened TBUT and triggered the development of ocular surface diseases. Similar changes could exacerbate signs and symptoms in patients with ocular surface disease. |
### Instruction:
Does sesame oil consumption exert a beneficial effect on endothelial function in hypertensive men?
### Response:
| This is the first study to show that sesame oil consumption exerts a beneficial effect on endothelial function and this effect is sustained with long-term daily use. |
### Instruction:
Do laser captured hepatocytes show association of butyrylcholinesterase gene loss and fibrosis progression in hepatitis C-infected drug users?
### Response:
| Chronic HCV is associated with hepatocyte BCHE loss years before hepatic synthetic function is impaired. These results indicate that BCHE may be involved in the pathogenesis of HCV-related fibrosis among injection drug users. |
### Instruction:
Is plasma transfusion associated with postoperative infectious complications following esophageal resection surgery : a retrospective cohort study?
### Response:
| High plasma volume blood component transfusions were associated with the development of major postoperative infectious complications in patients undergoing esophageal resection surgery. In contrast, red blood cell transfusion was not associated with infectious complications. |
### Instruction:
Is the release of S-100B and NSE in severe traumatic head injury associated with APOE ε4?
### Response:
| Our data indicate that there might be a gene-induced susceptibility to severe traumatic brain injury and that patients with the APOE ε4 allele may be more predisposed to brain cellular damage measured as S-100B and NSE. Thus, it seems to be of importance to consider the APOE genotype in interpreting the levels of the biomarkers. |
### Instruction:
Are serum Gc-globulin levels reduced in patients with severe acute pancreatitis?
### Response:
| Decreased total Gc-globulin was linked to poor outcomes of SAP. These data support our hypothesis that Gc-globulin may play an important role in the early process of acute pancreatitis. Gc-globulin might be a novel target for prognosis and therapy of SAP. |
### Instruction:
Is [ Incidental differentiated thyroid carcinoma less prevalent in Graves ' disease than in multinodular goiter ]?
### Response:
| Incidental DTC was less prevalent in GD as compared to EMG irrespective of age. This finding may suggest a predisposition to develop DTC in patients with thyroid nodular disease and/or a potential effect of autoimmunity to protect against development of neoplastic disease. |
### Instruction:
Does genetic loss of insulin receptors worsen cardiac efficiency in diabetes?
### Response:
| Deficient insulin signaling and diabetes mediate distinct effects on cardiac mitochondria. Antecedent loss of insulin signaling markedly impairs CE when diabetes is induced, via mechanisms that may be secondary to mitochondrial uncoupling and increased FA utilization. |
### Instruction:
Do depressive symptoms in mild cognitive impairment predict greater atrophy in Alzheimer 's disease-related regions?
### Response:
| Depressive symptoms were associated with greater atrophy in AD-affected regions, increased cognitive decline, and higher rates of conversion to AD. Depression in individuals with MCI may be associated with underlying neuropathological changes, including prodromal AD, and may be a potentially useful clinical marker in identifying MCI patients who are most likely to progress to AD. |
### Instruction:
Do polysaccharides from the Chinese medicinal herb Achyranthes bidentata enhance anti-malarial immunity during Plasmodium yoelii 17XL infection in mice?
### Response:
| Pretreatment with the immuno-modulatory ABPS selectively enhanced Th1 immune responses to control the proliferation of malaria parasites, and prolonged the survival of mice during subsequent malaria infection. |
### Instruction:
Does niacin extended-release/simvastatin combination therapy produce larger favorable changes in high-density lipoprotein particles than atorvastatin monotherapy?
### Response:
| Treatment with NER/S resulted in larger favorable changes in number and size of HDL particle subclasses compared with atorvastatin monotherapy, including a numerically greater increase in number of large HDL particles, and a significantly greater decrease in number of small HDL particles compared with atorvastatin monotherapy. In addition, NER/S treatment resulted in a significant change in HDL particle size distribution from small and medium to large. |
### Instruction:
Is lAMC1 gene associated with premature ovarian failure?
### Response:
| We showed for the first time that LAMC1 is significantly associated with POF, and specifically, possession of at least one HT1 was associated with susceptibility to POF. This result means that HT1 may co-exist with causative variant for susceptibility to POF in linkage disequilibrium and that the LAMC1 may be involved in POF pathogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does early infarct growth predict long-term clinical outcome after thrombolysis?
### Response:
| Early DWI lesion growth is an independent predictor of poor outcome after thrombolysis and may serve a potential surrogate marker of clinical outcome in acute stroke trials. |
### Instruction:
Is anterior glenohumeral laxity associated with posterior shoulder tightness among professional baseball pitchers?
### Response:
| The results of this study suggest that decreased GH horizontal adduction and internal rotation ROM may be considered partial predictors for increased anterior GH laxity in the throwing arm of baseball players. Because of the association between these variables, clinicians may find it advantageous to address posterior shoulder tightness during the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of shoulder injuries associated with anterior GH laxity. |
### Instruction:
Is arrival by ambulance associated with acute stroke intervention in young adults?
### Response:
| Young adults with stroke symptoms were more likely to receive acute stroke intervention if they arrived by ambulance. Larger multi-center studies should address whether Primary Stroke Centers are more likely to provide either IV thrombolysis or interventional therapies in young patients with acute ischemic stroke. |
### Instruction:
Is bRAF mutation a prognostic biomarker for colorectal liver metastasectomy?
### Response:
| BRAF mutation is an independent prognostic biomarker for colorectal liver metastasectomy. |
### Instruction:
Is dietary energy density associated with energy intake in palliative care cancer patients?
### Response:
| Age, BMI, fatigue, survival, and hypermetabolism are associated with EI, but do not substantially influence the association between ED and EI in palliative care cancer patients. |
### Instruction:
Does renal sympathetic denervation suppress de novo podocyte injury and albuminuria in rats with aortic regurgitation?
### Response:
| In this chronic cardiac volume-overload animal model, activation of the sympathetic nervous system augments kidney renin-angiotensin system and oxidative stress, which act as crucial cardiorenal mediators. Renal denervation and olmesartan prevent the onset and progression of renal injury, providing new insight into the treatment of cardiorenal syndrome. |
### Instruction:
Are hospitalization costs for endovascular and surgical treatment of ruptured aneurysms in the United States substantially higher than Medicare payments?
### Response:
| Hospitalization costs for patients undergoing clipping and coiling of unruptured cerebral aneurysms are substantially higher than Medicare payments. |
### Instruction:
Do a five-year review of management of upper-extremity arterial injuries at an urban level I trauma center?
### Response:
| The current multidisciplinary team management approach with prompt surgical management resulted in successful outcomes after upper-extremity arterial injuries. No outcome differences between penetrating and blunt or between proximal and distal arterial injuries were calculated. This management approach will continue to be used. |
### Instruction:
Does advanced glycation end-products inhibition improve endothelial dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| Advanced glycation end products inhibitor improves endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory disease activity in RA. In RA, endothelial dysfunction is part of the disease process and is mediated by AGEs-induced inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Are urine sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 levels elevated in lupus nephritis?
### Response:
| Urinary sVCAM-1 may serve as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of lupus nephritis as levels correlated with even mild abnormalities of urine sediment. In addition, both urine sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 levels may be useful in identifying patients at risk of lupus nephritis. |
### Instruction:
Does prospective patterns and correlate of quality of life among women in substance abuse treatment?
### Response:
| This study suggests the usefulness of the WHOQOL measure as an indicator of functioning in substance abusing populations. Findings underline the importance of helping women deal with trauma symptoms and develop support for recovery. Further research is needed on the longitudinal relationship between QOL and substance use patterns. |
### Instruction:
Is routine pre-procedure laboratory testing for patients undergoing outpatient cerebral angiography indicated?
### Response:
| The incidence of abnormal testing in patients undergoing outpatient cerebral angiography is very low. These results and evidence in the literature suggest that the majority of patients undergoing cerebral angiography do not require any pre-procedure testing. Assessment of renal function using the estimated glomerular filtration rate in high-risk patients only is, however, warranted. |
### Instruction:
Does anti-apolipoprotein A-1 IgG in patients with myocardial infarction promote inflammation through TLR2/CD14 complex?
### Response:
| Anti-ApoA-1 IgG positivity in MI is associated with a high-risk cytokine profile. These auto-antibodies promote inflammation by stimulating the TLR2/CD14 receptor complex, probably because of molecular mimicry, which may contribute to atherosclerosis-related complications in patients. |
### Instruction:
Are tumor epidermal growth factor receptor and EGFR PY1068 independent prognostic indicators for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma?
### Response:
| In two independent HNSCC cohorts treated with or without cetuximab, tumor EGFR levels were indicative of survival. Tumor EGFR PY1068 levels provided prognostic information independent of total EGFR. |
### Instruction:
Does the HSP90 inhibitor XL888 overcome BRAF inhibitor resistance mediated through diverse mechanisms?
### Response:
| HSP90 inhibition may be a highly effective strategy at managing the diverse array of resistance mechanisms being reported to BRAF inhibitors and appears to be more effective at restoring BIM expression and downregulating Mcl-1 expression than combined MEK/PI3K inhibitor therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does rAF265 inhibit the growth of advanced human melanoma tumors?
### Response:
| Orthotopic implants of patient tumors in mice may predict prognosis and treatment response for melanoma patients. A subpopulation of human melanoma tumors responds to RAF265 and can be characterized by gene mutation and gene expression profiles. |
### Instruction:
Is chromogranin A a reliable biomarker for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in an Asian population of patients?
### Response:
| The plasma CgA level is a reliable biomarker for GEP-NET. We conclude that changes in CgA levels are associated with disease status and treatment responses. |
### Instruction:
Does carnosic acid ( CA ) prevent lipid accumulation in hepatocytes through the EGFR/MAPK pathway?
### Response:
| EGFR/MAPK signaling plays an important role in the inhibitory effect of CA on hepatocyte lipid accumulation. |
### Instruction:
Are target gene expression levels and competition between transfected and endogenous microRNAs strong confounding factors in microRNA high-throughput experiments?
### Response:
| Our results show that it is important to consider confounding factors when interpreting miRNA high throughput experiments and urge special caution when using microarray data to compare average regulatory effects between groups of genes that have different average gene expression levels. |
### Instruction:
Is low serum apolipoprotein A1/B ratio associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes?
### Response:
| Low apolipoprotein A1/apolipoprotein B ratio in serum was associated with PDR in type 2 diabetic patients of long duration. |
### Instruction:
Does elevated osteonectin/SPARC expression in primary prostate cancer predict metastatic progression?
### Response:
| In summary, we propose that evaluation of SPARC in primary CaP has potential as a prognostic marker of metastatic progression. |
### Instruction:
Does inhalation of hydrogen gas attenuate cognitive impairment in transient cerebral ischemia via inhibition of oxidative stress?
### Response:
| Inhalation of hydrogen gas could attenuate cognitive impairment in the ischemic rats. This protection is associated with decreased neuronal death in CA1 region and inhibition of oxidative stress. |
### Instruction:
Is epCAM a putative stem marker in retinoblastoma and an effective target for T-cell-mediated immunotherapy?
### Response:
| EpCAM might be a novel cancer stem cell marker in RB. EpCAM×CD3 antibody redirecting T cells to attack RB tumor cells may prove effective in RB management. Further preclinical studies are needed to confirm the initial findings of our study. |
### Instruction:
Is nOD2 highly expressed in Behçet disease with pulmonary manifestations?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that BAL-MNC from BD patients expressed NOD2 as a result of lung inflammation. TLRs and NOD2 synergize for the induction of proinflammatory cytokines. BAL inflammatory cells showed an increased Th1 situation as indicated by increased T-bet mRNA expression. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Sodium hydrosulfide improve cardiac functions and structures in rats with chronic heart failure ]?
### Response:
| H(2)S may improve cardiac functions and ameliorate cardiac structures in rats with chronic heart failure probably through dilating the blood vessels and affecting the extracellular collagen metabolism. |
### Instruction:
Are wIC infant food package issuance data a valid measure of infant feeding practices?
### Response:
| WIC administrative data are a valid source of information about breastfeeding. With appropriate funding support, WIC administrative data should be considered for use in nationwide breastfeeding surveillance and monitoring systems. |
### Instruction:
Does concurrent transient activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway prevent radiation damage to salivary glands?
### Response:
| These results suggest that concurrent transient activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway could prevent radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction. |
### Instruction:
Do early clinical outcomes demonstrate preserved cognitive function in children with average-risk medulloblastoma when treated with hyperfractionated radiation therapy?
### Response:
| HFRT without upfront chemotherapy has an acceptable acute toxicity profile, without an unduly increased risk of relapse, with preserved cognitive functioning in children with average-risk medulloblastoma. |
### Instruction:
Do both comprehensive and brief self-administered diet history questionnaires satisfactorily rank nutrient intakes in Japanese adults?
### Response:
| The DHQ and BDHQ had satisfactory ranking ability for the energy-adjusted intakes of many nutrients among the present Japanese population, although these instruments were satisfactory in estimating mean values for only a small number of nutrients. |
### Instruction:
Does bilateral transversus abdominis plane block decrease postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy when compared with local anesthetic infiltration of trocar insertion sites?
### Response:
| Bilateral ultrasound-guided TAP block is equivalent to local anesthetic infiltration of trocar insertion sites for overall postoperative pain in a heterogeneous group of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. |
### Instruction:
Is alcohol use and depression from middle age to the oldest old : gender more important than age?
### Response:
| The impact of alcohol use differs by gender, nevertheless those using higher levels of alcohol or who smoke should be screened for depression and may benefit from interventions. |
### Instruction:
Do mutations in the DDR2 kinase gene identify a novel therapeutic target in squamous cell lung cancer?
### Response:
| DDR2 mutations are present in 4% of lung SCCs, and DDR2 mutations are associated with sensitivity to dasatinib. These findings provide a rationale for designing clinical trials with the FDA-approved drug dasatinib in patients with lung SCCs. |
### Instruction:
Is laparoscopic resection of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( GIST ) safe and effective , irrespective of tumor size?
### Response:
| The low morbidity rates and the long-term disease-free interval of 100% observed in our cohort indicate that laparoscopic resection is safe and effective in treating gastric GISTs, even for tumors larger than 2 cm. |
### Instruction:
Is the association between childhood emotional functioning and adulthood inflammation modified by early-life socioeconomic status?
### Response:
| The highest levels of adult inflammation were observed among those with childhood emotional problems who were also exposed to low socioeconomic status as children. This study suggests adulthood disparities in CRP may have developmental origins in childhood adversity. |
### Instruction:
Does cTLA4-Ig prevent alloantibody production and BMT rejection in response to platelet transfusions in mice?
### Response:
| These findings demonstrate a novel strategy using an FDA-approved drug that has the potential to prevent the clinical sequelae of alloimmunization to PLT transfusions. |
### Instruction:
Does amlodipine attenuate oxidative stress in the heart and blood of high-cholesterol diet rabbits?
### Response:
| Amlodipine decreased oxidative stress in the heart and blood and improved the lipid profile in cholesterolfed rabbits. Therefore, it may be considered a useful tool for the reduction of oxidative stress and improvement of lipid profiles in diseases related to atherosclerosis. |
### Instruction:
Are nutrient intakes correlated with overall psychiatric functioning in adults with mood disorders?
### Response:
| This detailed analysis in a clinically diagnosed sample was consistent with prior epidemiologic surveys, revealing an association between higher levels of nutrient intakes and better mental health. Nutrient intakes warrant further consideration in the treatment of people with mood disorders. |
### Instruction:
Is plasma neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin ( NGAL ) associated with kidney function in uraemic patients before and after kidney transplantation?
### Response:
| Plasma NGAL is a novel marker of kidney function, which correlates to duration of end-stage renal failure (ESRD) and serum creatinine in uraemic patients awaiting kidney transplantation. Plasma NGAL is associated with homocysteine in transplanted patients. The prognostic value of these findings requires further studies. |
### Instruction:
Is [ Radial augmentation index associated with cardiovascular risk and arterial stiffness ]?
### Response:
| Augmentation index might be a useful marker of cardiovascular risk and arterial stiffness, which could be more feasible for younger subjects as a tool for risk differentiation. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Newborn hearing screening result at Zeynep Kamil Women and Children Diseases Education and Research Hospital ]?
### Response:
| Newborn hearing loss is the leading factor which impairs the speech and language development, if not diagnosed earlier. Hearing screening tests should be expanded throughout the country as soon as possible and the babies with hearing loss should be identified before permanent damages occur. As a result, these babies can be saved from being disabled and they can be raised as self-sufficient individuals who can contribute to the society. |
### Instruction:
Does direct interaction between HLA-B and carbamazepine activate T cells in patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates a direct interaction of HLA with drugs, provides a detailed molecular mechanism of HLA-associated drug hypersensitivity, and has clinical correlations for CBZ-related drug-induced SJS/TEN. |
### Instruction:
Are filaggrin loss-of-function mutations associated with enhanced expression of IL-1 cytokines in the stratum corneum of patients with atopic dermatitis and in a murine model of filaggrin deficiency?
### Response:
| AD(FLG) is associated with an increased SC IL-1 cytokine profile; this profile is also seen in a murine homologue of filaggrin deficiency. These findings might have importance in understanding the influence of FLG mutations on the inflammasome in the pathogenesis of AD and help individualize therapeutic approaches. |
### Instruction:
Does early EEG correlate of neuronal injury after brain anoxia?
### Response:
| The correlation between EEG during TH and serum NSE levels supports the hypothesis that early EEG alterations reflect permanent neuronal damage. Furthermore, this study confirms that absent EEG background reactivity and presence of epileptiform transients are robust predictors of poor outcome after CA, and that survival with good neurologic recovery is possible despite serum NSE levels> 33 μg/L. This underscores the importance of multimodal assessments in this setting. |
### Instruction:
Are sMN1 gene duplications associated with sporadic ALS?
### Response:
| Our data provide firm evidence for a role of common SMN1 duplications in ALS, and raise new questions regarding the disease mechanisms involved. |
### Instruction:
Is adenoma detection rate influenced by full-day blocks , time , or modified queue position?
### Response:
| Retrospective study; not all withdrawal times were recorded; trainees performed some of the procedures. |
### Instruction:
Are papillary thyroid carcinomas with and without BRAF V600E mutations morphologically distinct?
### Response:
| BRAF V600E mutation-positive and negative PTCs are morphologically different. Recognition of their morphology may help in the selection of appropriate tumours for genetic testing. |
### Instruction:
Does cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha induce intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction?
### Response:
| We conclude that the human colon epithelial cells express detectable TLR5 that is increased in patients with CD and UC. The exposure to FGN can increase the expression of TNFα that further compromises the intestinal epithelial barrier function. |
### Instruction:
Are basophils the key antigen-presenting cells in allergic patients?
### Response:
| Our data demonstrate by classical in vitro proliferation assays that basophils are not key antigen-presenting cells that promote T cell proliferation in secondary immune responses to allergen in allergic patients. |
### Instruction:
Is chemotherapy-induced toxicity highly heritable in Drosophila melanogaster?
### Response:
| The high heritability estimates observed in this study, irrespective of the particular class of drug examined, suggest that human toxicity may also have a sizable genetic component. |
### Instruction:
Is [ PIK3CA mutation an independent indicator of malignant phenotype and prognosis in breast cancer ]?
### Response:
| PIK3CA mutations may play an important role in the carcinogenesis and development of breast cancer. The association with large tumor size, ER+ and poor survival indicates that PIK3CA mutation could be an independent factor for tumor malignant phenotype and prognosis. |
### Instruction:
Does rapid profiling of intact glucosinolates in Arabidopsis leave by UHPLC-QTOFMS using a charged surface hybrid column?
### Response:
| The method developed can profile the full range of GS, including the most polar ones, in a shorter time than previous methods, and is highly compatible with mass spectrometric detection. |
### Instruction:
Is microglial activation induced by brain trauma suppressed by post-injury treatment with a PARP inhibitor?
### Response:
| Treatment with a PARP inhibitor for 12 days after TBI, with the first dose given as long as 20 hours after injury, can reduce inflammation and improve histological and functional outcomes. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Molecular characteristics and antibiotic resistances of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates in Hangzhou in 2009 ]?
### Response:
| The genotype of the epidemic strains of V. cholerae O1 isolates in Hangzhou in 2009 with high similarity was ctxA- and tcpA+; The level of drug resistances of this kind of V. cholerae O1 isolates were not high. |
### Instruction:
Does leonurine protect against tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells?
### Response:
| Our results demonstrated for the first time that the anti-inflammatory properties of leonurine in endothelial cells, at least in part, through suppression of NF-κB activation, which may have a potential therapeutic use for inflammatory vascular diseases. |
### Instruction:
Is familial longevity marked by lower diurnal salivary cortisol levels : the Leiden Longevity Study?
### Response:
| Offspring of nonagenarian siblings are marked by a lower HPA axis activity (reflected by lower diurnal salivary cortisol levels), but not by a difference in cortisol feedback sensitivity. Further in-depth studies aimed at characterizing the HPA axis in offspring and partners are needed. |
### Instruction:
Does pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling quantify relative cerebral blood flow in acute stroke?
### Response:
| ASL allows for the measurement of rCBF in the core and mismatch regions. Values in the mismatch were significantly higher than in the core, suggesting there is potential salvageable tissue. |
### Instruction:
Do guava leaf extracts alleviate fatty liver via expression of adiponectin receptors in SHRSP.Z-Leprfa/Izm rats?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that administration of GLE may have preventive effects of hepatic accumulation and ameliorated hepatic insulin resistance by enhancing the adiponectin beta-oxidation system. Guava leaf may be potentially useful for hepatic steatosis without the side effects of long-term treatments. |
### Instruction:
Are perceptions of the food shopping environment associated with greater consumption of fruits and vegetables?
### Response:
| Our data show that among a generally minority and low-income population, quality, selection and convenience are important determinants of fruit and vegetable consumption. Nutrition promotion campaigns that aim to alter the built environment by increasing access to fruits and vegetables should recognize that simply increasing availability may not yield beneficial change when characteristics of the shopping context are ignored. |
### Instruction:
Does world Health Organization discontinue its drinking-water guideline for manganese?
### Response:
| Drinking water or potential drinking-water supplies with Mn concentrations > 400 µg/L are found in a substantial number of countries worldwide. The drinking water of many tens of millions of people has Mn concentrations > 400 µg/L. Recent research on the health effects of Mn suggests that the earlier WHO guideline of 400 µg/L may have been too high to adequately protect public health. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Expression of enoyl CoA hydratase 1 reduce cell proliferation and migration in mouse hepatocarcinoma cells ]?
### Response:
| ECH1 serves as a potential critical factor attributes to tumor lymphatic metastasis. |
### Instruction:
Does consumption of n-3 fatty acids and fish reduce risk of hepatocellular carcinoma?
### Response:
| Consumption of n-3 PUFA-rich fish or n-3 PUFAs, particularly EPA, DPA, and DHA, appears to protect against the development of HCC, even among subjects with HBV and/or HCV infection. |
### Instruction:
Do single measures of performance reflect overall institutional quality in colorectal cancer surgery?
### Response:
| Performance appraisal in colorectal surgery is complex and dependent on stakeholder perspective. Benchmarking units solely on a single performance measure is over simplistic and potentially hazardous. A global appraisal of institutional outcome is required to contextualise performance. |
### Instruction:
Are anatomic properties of coronary arteries correlated to the corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count in the coronary slow flow phenomenon?
### Response:
| The presence of CSFP was associated with higher tortuosity and more distal branches in coronary arteries, indicating that the anatomic properties of coronary arteries could also play a role in the pathogenesis of CSFP. |
### Instruction:
Does influence of post-cure time on the microhardness of self-adhesive resin cement inside the root canal?
### Response:
| Microhardness of the self-adhesive resin cements when used to lute fiber posts was material-dependent and higher values were obtained in the coronal third, revealing their sensitivity to light irradiation. More information regarding the polymerization reaction of these cements is warranted. According to the current results, microhardness values were significantly higher one week after post luting. |
### Instruction:
Is kinin-B2 receptor mediated neuroprotection after NMDA excitotoxicity reversed in the presence of kinin-B1 receptor agonists?
### Response:
| Bradykinin exerted protection against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity which is reversed in the presence of a kinin-B1 receptor agonist. As bradykinin is converted to the kinin-B1 receptor metabolite des-Arg(9)-bradykinin by carboxypeptidases, present in different areas including in brain, our results provide a mechanism for the neuroprotective effect in vitro despite of the deleterious effect observed in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Is exogenous visual orienting associated with specific neurotransmitter genetic markers : a population-based genetic association study?
### Response:
| One measure in particular--the response time cost of a single dim, invalid cue - was associated with dopaminergic markers on COMT and DAT1. Additionally, variations of APOE genotypes based on the ε2/ε3/ε4 alleles were also associated with response time differences produced by simultaneous cues with unequal luminances. We conclude that individual differences in visual orienting are related to several dopaminergic markers as well as to a cholinergic marker. These results challenge the view that orienting is not associated with genotypic variation in dopaminergic genes. |
### Instruction:
Does a diabetes scorecard improve HbA ( 1c ) , blood pressure , lipids , aspirin usage , exercise and diabetes knowledge over 9 months : a randomized controlled trial?
### Response:
| A diabetes scorecard did not improve glycaemic control, blood pressure control, LDL cholesterol, aspirin usage, exercise or diabetic knowledge in an urban population with uncontrolled Type 2 diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Does angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 overexpression improve left ventricular remodeling and function in a rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy?
### Response:
| ACE2 inhibits myocardial collagen accumulation and improves LV remodeling and function in a rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Thus, ACE2 provides a promising approach to the treatment of patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy. |
### Instruction:
Does proximal fluid proteome profiling of mouse colon tumors reveal biomarkers for early diagnosis of human colorectal cancer?
### Response:
| These data show that proximal fluid proteome profiling with a mouse tumor model is a powerful approach to identify candidate biomarkers for early diagnosis of human cancer, exemplified by increased CHI3L1 protein levels in sera from patients with CRC precursor lesions. |
### Instruction:
Do connexin 47 mutations increase risk for secondary lymphedema following breast cancer treatment?
### Response:
| Our findings challenge the view that secondary lymphedema is solely due to mechanical trauma and support the hypothesis that genetic susceptibility is an important risk factor for secondary lymphedema. A priori recognition of genetic risk (i) raises the potential for early detection and intervention for a high-risk group and (ii) allows the possibility of altering surgical approach and/or chemo- and radiation therapy, or direct medical treatment of secondary lymphedema with novel connexin-modifying drugs. |
### Instruction:
Does serum N-glycomic markers in combination with panels improve the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B?
### Response:
| N-glycomic changes are present in the serum of CHB patients with liver fibrosis, and N-glycan profiling is a noninvasive and effective tool to assess the liver fibrosis, especially in combination with serum marker panels. |
### Instruction:
Does human umbilical cord provide a significant source of unexpanded mesenchymal stromal cells?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that the combined banking of umbilical cord-derived MSC and identical cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem cell banking, where strict inspection of the infectious disease status of donors is performed, as well as further benefits of HLA-matched mesenchymal cells, could become one of the main sources of cells for cell-based therapy against various disorders. |
### Instruction:
Does computerized data analysis of neuromonitoring parameters identify patients with reduced cerebral compliance as seen on CT?
### Response:
| Our data indicate that complex multidimensional data analysis of neuromonitoring parameters can identify complication-specific data patterns with a high degree of accuracy. |
### Instruction:
Does attachment style predict 6-month improvement in psychoticism in persons with at-risk mental states for psychosis?
### Response:
| The three attachment prototypes that predicted improvement in psychoticism (secure, preoccupied and dismissing) share the existence of at least one positive psychological model (either about self or about others). It may be that the psychosocial intervention helped ARMS patients to disconfirm negative models and/or reinforce positive ones. Patients' attachment styles were not related to baseline clinical severity but impacted improvement of positive symptoms. These findings appear consistent with evidence that impaired self-esteem and dysfunctional self and others schemas constitute risk factors for reality distortion. |
### Instruction:
Does audit on the usage of plasma derived/recombinant coagulation factor concentrate at a German university hospital?
### Response:
| This study provides for the first time combined data on blood component and PD/RCFC usage in a German university hospital. It shows that the MDCs responsible for most of the costs in transfusion therapy with blood components and with PD/RCFC are few, and are the same. At the same time, blood bank information software should be further improved in order to be able to identify new trends in hemotherapy in more detail. |
### Instruction:
Does clustering of infrared spectra reveal histological zones in intact articular cartilage?
### Response:
| FTIR microspectroscopy in combination with cluster analysis allows detailed examination of spatial changes in AC. As far as we know, no previous single technique could reveal a layered structure of AC without any a priori information. |
### Instruction:
Does conductive thermal ablation of 4T1 murine breast carcinoma reduce severe hypoxia in surviving tumour?
### Response:
| This shift of pimonidazole staining toward lower intensity pixels in the remaining tumour indicates that tumour ablation with CITT may increase radiosensitivity of the remaining tumour tissue and presents a rationale for combination therapy. |
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