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### Instruction:
Does the contrast characteristic of the pattern electroretinogram depend on temporal frequency?
### Response:
| This dependency of the contrast characteristic on temporal frequency is contrary to what would be expected from a magno/parvo model. Further, this contrast dependency needs to be taken into account when designing stimuli for use in patients that may have media opacities. |
### Instruction:
Does patterns and correlate of tobacco use among suburban Philadelphia 6th- through 12th-grade students?
### Response:
| Cigarette experimentation and use begins as early as sixth grade and increases substantially by eighth grade. Our data suggest that efforts toward primary prevention of smoking should be pursued between sixth and eighth grade. |
### Instruction:
Do congestive cardiac failure ( CCF ) as a cause of fatal stroke and all cause death?
### Response:
| Many stroke deaths in patients with CHD and CCF may be cardioembolic in origin. A randomised controlled trial in such patients is indicated to see if anticoagulants can reduce the incidence of stroke. |
### Instruction:
Does antipolymer antibody reactivity in a subset of patients with fibromyalgia correlate with severity?
### Response:
| These results reveal that an immunological response, production of anti-polymer antibodies, is associated with a subset of patients with FM. The results also suggest that the APA assay may be an objective marker in the diagnosis and assessment of FM and may provide additional avenues of investigation into the pathophysiological processes involved in FM. |
### Instruction:
Do comparison of ThinPrep and Pap smear in relation to prediction of adenocarcinoma in situ?
### Response:
| Even though in routine practice SSTP did not perform as well as PS in predicting AIS, it has the potential to do so. These results cannot anticipate the performance of direct-to-vial TP with respect to prediction of AIS. |
### Instruction:
Is cytosolic phospholipase A2 , increased and activated in the eosinophils of patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome in vivo , involved in the augmented release of leukotriene C4?
### Response:
| These results suggest that cPLA2, increased and activated (phosphorylated and membrane-translocated) in vivo, is involved in the augmented release of LTC4 from the HES eosinophils. |
### Instruction:
Is the cholesterol lowering effect of antimalarial drugs enhanced in patients with lupus taking corticosteroid drugs?
### Response:
| Antimalarials lower total cholesterol in patients receiving steroids and may minimize steroid induced hypercholesterolemia. |
### Instruction:
Do cpG motif-containing DNA fragments from sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus proliferate mononuclear cells in vitro?
### Response:
| Circulating CpG motif-containing DNA fragments in SLE increased mRNA encoding IL-12 and IFN-gamma, which in turn increased HLA-DR and ICAM-1 on monocytes, resulting in MNC proliferation. This mechanism could contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE. |
### Instruction:
Are serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) markedly elevated in patients with Wegener 's granulomatosis?
### Response:
| VEGF levels are raised in WG patients compared to normal controls and may be a marker of disease activity. Further studies on serial blood samples from a large cohort of patients with WG and other systemic vasculitides are needed to evaluate the specificity and usefulness of VEGF levels in monitoring disease activity. |
### Instruction:
Is the Graafian follicle a site of L-ascorbate accumulation?
### Response:
| The extracellular compartment of the Graafian follicle is a site of an ascorbate accumulation. Exposure to tobacco smoke does not significantly diminish the intrafollicular pool of L-ascorbate. |
### Instruction:
Does misclassification and selection bias when identifying Alzheimer 's disease solely from Medicare claim records?
### Response:
| Underclassification of dementia from claims records can be partially remedied by increasing the period during which claims are compiled, but additional diagnostic sources will likely be needed to increase prevalence counts closer to 100% of true cases. Risk adjustment based on a single year of reported claims expenditures may overpay providers, at least in the short term, because payment incentives will likely increase prevalence reporting. |
### Instruction:
Does tenoxicam alter renal function during anaesthesia in normal individuals?
### Response:
| Current clinical practice of using NSAIDs for post-operative analgesia in low risk individuals appears to have no adverse effects on renal function. |
### Instruction:
Does early contrast-enhanced MRI predict late functional recovery after reperfused myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| HYPER has partially reversible dysfunction and represents predominantly viable myocardium. COMB shows borderline improvement and likely contains an admixture of viable and necrotic myocardium. HYPO shows little functional improvement at 7 weeks, presumably because of irreversible myocardial damage. |
### Instruction:
Does myometrial nitric oxide synthase messenger ribonucleic acid expression change throughout gestation or with the onset of labor?
### Response:
| Changes in myometrial nitric oxide synthase expression and thus of levels of endogenous nitric oxide are unlikely to be directly involved in myometrial quiescence or the onset of human parturition. |
### Instruction:
Does attitudes toward DSM-IV dissociative disorders diagnose among board-certified American psychiatrists?
### Response:
| Among board-certified American psychiatrists, there currently appears to be little consensus regarding the diagnostic status or scientific validity of dissociative amnesia and dissociative identity disorder. |
### Instruction:
Is doxycycline a cost-effective therapy for hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia?
### Response:
| Doxycycline is an effective and inexpensive therapy for the empirical treatment of hospitalized patients with mild to moderately severe community-acquired pneumonia. |
### Instruction:
Are craniotomy procedures associated with less analgesic requirements than other surgical procedures?
### Response:
| This study compares the pain report and analgesic use in patients after intracranial versus extracranial surgery. The results confirm the commonly held but recently challenged belief that neurosurgery patients suffer less pain postoperatively than other patients. In this study, we found that most patients report minimal pain after intracranial surgery but that a small subset of patients, many of whom have undergone frontal craniotomies, require aggressive treatment of postoperative pain. |
### Instruction:
Does flaxseed ameliorate interstitial nephritis in rat polycystic kidney disease?
### Response:
| Flaxseed ameliorates Han:SPRD-cy rat polycystic kidney disease through moderation of the associated chronic interstitial nephritis. The diet alters renal content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in a manner that may promote the formation of less inflammatory classes of renal prostanoids. |
### Instruction:
Is intrauterine growth restriction associated with persistent juxtamedullary expression of renin in the fetal kidney?
### Response:
| Renin gene expression persists and predominates in the deep renal cortex of the stillborn IUGR fetus, and could contribute to the pathogenesis of neonatal oliguria and/or hypertension during postnatal life. |
### Instruction:
Is overexpression of cyclin D1 rare in human prostate carcinoma?
### Response:
| These data show that overexpression of cyclin D1 occurs rarely in human prostate tumors. However, when overexpression of cyclin D1 does occur, it may identify a subset of tumors with a different molecular biology. |
### Instruction:
Does intratracheal injection of adenovirus containing the human MnSOD transgene protect athymic nude mice from irradiation-induced organizing alveolitis?
### Response:
| Overexpression of MnSOD in the lungs of mice prior to irradiation prevents irradiation-induced acute and chronic damage quantitated as decreased levels of mRNA for IL-1, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta in the days immediately following irradiation, and decrease in the percent of lung demonstrating fibrosis or organizing alveolitis at 132 days. These data provide a rational basis for development of gene therapy as a method of protection of the normal lung from acute and chronic sequelae of ionizing irradiation. |
### Instruction:
Do cyclooxygenase metabolites mediate glomerular monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 formation and monocyte recruitment in experimental glomerulonephritis?
### Response:
| Our studies demonstrate that COX products may serve as endogenous repressors of MCP-1 formation in experimental glomerulonephritis. The data suggest that COX-1 and COX-2 products mediate these effects differently because the selective COX-2 inhibitors had less influence on chemokine expression. |
### Instruction:
Do serum vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in in vitro fertilization cycles predict the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome?
### Response:
| The results support the role of VEGF as an important nonsteroidal index of ovarian response. The VEGF rise may have an advantage over the E2 concentration, the number of follicles, and the number of oocytes, which individually predict only 15%-25% of cases of OHSS. |
### Instruction:
Are smoking cravings reduced by self-massage?
### Response:
| The present findings suggest that self-massage may be an effective adjunct treatment for adults attempting smoking cessation to alleviate smoking-related anxiety, reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms, improve mood, and reduce the number of cigarettes smoked. |
### Instruction:
Does increased dietary oxalate increase urinary calcium oxalate saturation in hypercalciuric rats?
### Response:
| Thus, increasing dietary oxalate led to a decrease in CaOx and CaHPO4 supersaturation and did not alter the universal stone formation found in these rats, nor the type of stones formed. These results suggest the necessity for human studies aimed at determining the role, if any, of limiting oxalate intake to prevent recurrence of CaOx nephrolithiasis. |
### Instruction:
Does inflammation enhance cardiovascular risk and mortality in hemodialysis patients?
### Response:
| These results suggest that a considerable number of hemodialysis patients exhibit an activated acute phase response, which is closely related to high levels of atherogenic vascular risk factors and cardiovascular death. The mechanisms of activated acute phase reaction in patients on chronic hemodialysis remain to be identified. A successful treatment of the inflammatory condition may improve long-term survival in these patients. |
### Instruction:
Does thromboelastography-guided transfusion algorithm reduce transfusions in complex cardiac surgery?
### Response:
| Transfusion of allogeneic blood products is common during complex cardiac surgical procedures. In a prospective, randomized trial, we compared a transfusion algorithm using point-of-care coagulation testing with routine laboratory testing, and found the algorithm to be effective in reducing transfusion requirements. |
### Instruction:
Does atrial natriuretic peptide attenuate pacing-induced myocardial ischemia during general anesthesia in patients with coronary artery disease?
### Response:
| We evaluated the effects of i.v. atrial natriuretic peptide (50 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1)) on pacing-induced myocardial ischemia during general anesthesia in patients with coronary artery disease. In contrast to placebo, atrial natriuretic peptide attenuated ST-segment depression and myocardial lactate production and improved left ventricular function during pacing-induced ischemia. |
### Instruction:
Does high glucose alter the response of mesangial cell protein kinase C isoforms to endothelin-1?
### Response:
| In HG, the enhanced activation of mesangial cell MAPK by ET-1 is PKC dependent and associated with altered translocation of PKC-delta and PKC-epsilon. Enhanced mesangial cell signaling responsiveness to vasoactive peptides in HG may constitute an important mechanism contributing to diabetic nephropathy. |
### Instruction:
Do endothelin receptor antagonists influence cardiovascular morphology in uremic rats?
### Response:
| The ETA-selective and ETA/ETB-nonselective receptor antagonists appear to prevent development of myocardial fibrosis and structural changes of small intramyocardial arteries in experimental chronic renal failure. This effect is independent of systemic BP. |
### Instruction:
Does direct lysosomal uptake of alpha 2-microglobulin contribute to chemically induced nephropathy?
### Response:
| The hsc73-mediated lysosomal pathway contributes to the normal degradation of alpha 2 mu in rat kidney and liver, and the activity of this pathway is increased after exposure to TMP. Our results suggest that the chemically induced accumulation of cytosolic alpha 2 mu in lysosomes is mediated by an increased rate of direct uptake into lysosomes. |
### Instruction:
Do collagen secretion and growth of mesangial cells require geranylgeranylpyrophosphate?
### Response:
| These results suggest that GGPP plays critical roles for the type IV collagen secretion and G1 to S phase transition in FCS-stimulated human mesangial cells. |
### Instruction:
Does fertilization antigen-1 remove antisperm autoantibodies from spermatozoa of infertile men and results in increased rates of acrosome reaction?
### Response:
| The FA-1 sperm antigen appears to significantly free sperm cells coated with autoantibodies in the semen of most infertile men examined. Reducing sperm-bound antibodies that inhibited the AR allowed the sperm cells to undergo successful AR induction by calcium ionophore. |
### Instruction:
Do oral ferrous sulfate supplements increase the free radical-generating capacity of feces from healthy volunteers?
### Response:
| Unabsorbed dietary iron may increase free radical production in the colon to a level that could cause mucosal cell damage or increased production of carcinogens. |
### Instruction:
Do umbilical vessels of preeclamptic women have low contents of both n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids?
### Response:
| Low amounts of long-chain n-3 and n-6 PUFAs in umbilical vessels of preeclamptic women with adequate n-6 status may indicate insufficient transplacental transfer of long-chain PUFAs. The low amounts of 20:4n-6, high amounts of 20:3n-9, and high ratio of 20:3n-9 to 20:4n-6 in umbilical arteries may unfavorably affect local prostacyclin production. Low amounts of 20:3n-6 in umbilical arteries and veins and low amounts of 20:5n-3 in maternal platelets may contribute to the dominance of eicosanoids derived from 20:4n-6. |
### Instruction:
Are s values a signature for a significant contribution of neutrons to the radiation dose received by atomic-bomb survivors?
### Response:
| S values seem to vary among laboratories even after exposure of cells to sparsely ionizing radiations. Data from this study show that S values are not a signature for a significant contribution of neutrons to the radiation dose received by A-bomb survivors in Hiroshima. |
### Instruction:
Does leptin substitution result in the induction of menstrual cycles in an adolescent with leptin deficiency and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism?
### Response:
| We describe here the first adolescent with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to connatal leptin deficiency. Leptin substitution led to a rapid induction of gonadotropin secretion and menarche. These data are further proof of the concept that leptin is needed for a timely maturation of the hypothalamic/pituitary/gonadal axis. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-737 enhance the cisplatin-induced apoptosis in breast cancer T47D cells ]?
### Response:
| The Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-737 can significantly enhance cisplatin-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer T47D cells in vitro. |
### Instruction:
Does genome skimming identify polymorphism in tern populations and species?
### Response:
| These data document the value of intronic markers to the study of terns and allies. We expect that these and additional markers attained through next-generation sequencing methods will accurately map the genetic origin and species history of this group of birds. |
### Instruction:
Is right ventricular systolic strain altered in children with sickle cell disease?
### Response:
| In children with sickle cell disease, LV diastolic function is significantly altered, although LV systolic function, evaluated by global longitudinal strain, is normal. In addition, cardiac output is increased, and elevated tricuspid regurgitation velocity is common, whereas it is never found in controls. Most importantly, global RV longitudinal systolic strain is significantly altered. |
### Instruction:
Does intragastric balloon fundal or antral position affect weight loss and tolerability?
### Response:
| Intragastric balloon placed in the antrum lead to better results in weight reduction but to longer duration of tolerability-related side-effects, i.e., nausea, vomiting, and gastroesophageal reflux. |
### Instruction:
Does cPSI-121 pharmacologically prevent intestinal barrier dysfunction after cutaneous burn through a vagus nerve-dependent mechanism?
### Response:
| Similar to direct electrical VNS, CPSI-121 effectively protects the intestinal mucosal barrier from breakdown after severe burn. We suggest that this could represent a noninvasive therapy to prevent end-organ dysfunction after trauma that would be administered during resuscitation. |
### Instruction:
Is early treatment of blunt cerebrovascular injury with concomitant hemorrhagic neurologic injury safe and effective?
### Response:
| The benefit of early treatment for BCVI markedly outweighs the risk of treatment for patients suffering concomitant BCVI and hemorrhagic neurologic injury. |
### Instruction:
Does a common polymorphism near the interleukin-6 gene modify the association between dietary fat intake and insulin sensitivity?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that dietary fat influences insulin sensitivity differently depending on genotype. |
### Instruction:
Does tNF-α-induced down-regulation of CDX2 suppress MEP1A expression in colitis?
### Response:
| The present results indicate that a TNF-α-mediated down-regulation of CDX2 can be related to suppressed expression of MEP1A during intestinal inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Do systemic inflammation and priming of peripheral blood leukocytes persist during clinical remission in horses with heaves?
### Response:
| Altered innate immune response to bacterial products is observable ex vivo in peripheral blood leukocytes from asymptomatic heaves-susceptible horses and is associated with high serum TNF concentration. It remains to be determined if this phenomenon is caused by intrinsic differences in innate immune responses or to cellular priming caused by systemic inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Are altered vaginal microbiota associated with perinatal mother-to-child transmission of HIV in African women from Burkina Faso?
### Response:
| These data suggest that alterations in vaginal microbial communities are associated with an increased risk for perinatal MTCT, consistent with results with horizontal transmission of HIV. Therefore, determining the mucosal features associated with alterations in vaginal microbial communities may guide efforts to modulate the risk for HIV MTCT. |
### Instruction:
Does elevated uric acid increase the risk for acute kidney injury?
### Response:
| Preoperative SUA was associated with increased incidence and risk for acute kidney injury, higher postoperative SCr values, and longer hospital length of stay and duration of mechanical ventilation support in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. A J-shaped relationship appears to exist between SUA and acute kidney injury. |
### Instruction:
Is tort reform associated with more medical board complaints and disciplinary actions?
### Response:
| After tort reform in Texas, the total number of complaints, investigations, disciplinary decisions, license revocations or surrenders, and financial penalties from the TMB significantly increased. In Texas, tort reform was accompanied by legislatively directed, enhanced oversight and activity of the authority (TMB) charged with regulation of the medical profession. |
### Instruction:
Do physiologically aged red blood cells undergo erythrophagocytosis in vivo but not in vitro?
### Response:
| The large senescent erythrocyte population found in hypertransfused mice mimics physiologically aged erythrocytes. For effective erythrophagocytosis of these senescent erythrocytes, macrophages depend on some features of the intact phagocytosing tissue for support. |
### Instruction:
Does characterization of Streptococcus oligofermentans sucrose metabolism demonstrate reduced pyruvic and lactic acid production?
### Response:
| S. oligofermentans is incapable of fermenting carbohydrates to produce enough pyruvic acid, which results in reduced lactic acid production. |
### Instruction:
Do uniquely shaped cardiovascular stents enhance the pressure generation of intravascular blood pumps?
### Response:
| The specialized design of the stents, which protect the vessel wall from the rotating components of the pump, proved to be advantageous by further augmenting the pressure generation of the pump, reducing the flow vorticity at the pump outlet, and enhancing flow control. |
### Instruction:
Are increases in electroencephalogram and electromyogram variability associated with an increased incidence of intraoperative somatic response?
### Response:
| sBIS, sEMG, and CVI, measures of electroencephalogram and EMG variability, increased when intraoperative somatic events occurred. sBIS, sEMG, and CVI discriminated between 10-minute segments that contained a somatic event and those segments that did not contain an event better than changes in HR and mean arterial blood pressure. Furthermore, CVI increases before somatic events began earlier than HR changes and may provide caregivers with an early warning of potentially inadequate antinociception. |
### Instruction:
Does enzymatic quorum quenching increase antibiotic susceptibility of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
### Response:
| Lactonase treatment increased antibiotic susceptibility of the biofilms of MDRPA isolates underscoring the potential of quorum quenching in antimicrobial therapeutics. |
### Instruction:
Are rate and breadth of protein evolution only weakly correlated?
### Response:
| Rate and breadth are two distinct, and only weakly correlated, characteristics of protein evolution. The most likely explanation of their positive correlation is heterogeneity of selective constraint, such that less functionally important sites evolve faster and can accept more amino acids. |
### Instruction:
Is altered arm posture in children with cerebral palsy related to instability during walking?
### Response:
| Children with CP appear to rely on 'guard' arm postures as a compensation strategy to maintain balance while walking comparable to newly walking toddlers. Importantly, this pattern is seen on the least affected side. The substantially altered arm posture on the most affected side in children with unilateral CP, however, suggests that spasticity and associated movements are also important contributing factors. |
### Instruction:
Does overexpression of tyrosine kinase receptor B promote metastasis of ovarian serous adenocarcinoma by lymphangiogenesis?
### Response:
| TrkB was overexpressed in ovarian serous adenocarcinomas and might be involved in cancer metastasis by associated lymphangiogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does dihydroartemisinin induce endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in HepG2 human hepatoma cells?
### Response:
| DHA could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in HepG2 cell lines through increasing the intracellular production of ROS and [Ca2+]i. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis may contribute to this effect by regulating the expression of GADD153, proapoptotic Bax, and antiapoptotic Bcl-2. |
### Instruction:
Is cyclooxygenase-2 expression in gingival biopsies from periodontal patients correlated with connective tissue loss?
### Response:
| COX-2 protein expression is higher in patients with GV and CP than in individuals without periodontal disease and is inversely correlated with the amount of connective tissue in the lamina propria as determined by image analysis. This finding suggests that COX-2 participates in mechanisms and pathway signaling related to the destruction of fibrillar support structures of the periodontium. |
### Instruction:
Is specific inspiratory muscle training safe in selected patients who are ventilator-dependent : a case series?
### Response:
| Threshold-based inspiratory muscle training can be delivered safely in selected ventilator-dependent patients without supplemental oxygen. Inspiratory muscle training is associated with increased muscle strength, which may assist ventilatory weaning. |
### Instruction:
Does the embryonic leaf identity gene FUSCA3 regulate vegetative phase transitions by negatively modulating ethylene-regulated gene expression in Arabidopsis?
### Response:
| The results of this study indicate that the embryonic regulator FUS3 not only controls the embryonic-to-vegetative phase transition through hormonal (ABA/GA) regulation but also functions postembryonically to delay vegetative phase transitions by negatively modulating ethylene-regulated gene expression. |
### Instruction:
Does prophylactic circumferential intraoperative laser retinopexy decrease the risk of retinal detachment after macular hole surgery?
### Response:
| Prophylactic LR decreases the incidence of postoperative retinal detachment a potentially disabling complication of macular hole repair surgery. |
### Instruction:
Is cortical activation to voluntary movement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis related to corticospinal damage : electrophysiological evidence?
### Response:
| Alterations of cortical activity in ALS patients were limited to the post-movement phase, as indicated by reduced ERS, and could be linked to reduced cortical inhibition rather than to generalised hyperexcitability. |
### Instruction:
Does american Joint Committee on Cancer T category for eyelid sebaceous carcinoma correlate with nodal metastasis and survival?
### Response:
| T category in the 7th edition of the AJCC TNM staging system for eyelid carcinoma correlates with outcomes in patients with sebaceous carcinoma of eyelid. On the basis of the present findings, it seems reasonable to recommend sentinel lymph node biopsy or at least strict regional lymph node surveillance for patients with eyelid sebaceous carcinoma with tumors of T category T2b or worse or 10 mm or more in greatest dimension. |
### Instruction:
Is transcervical carotid stenting with flow reversal a safe technique for high-risk patients older than 70 years?
### Response:
| In our experience, transcervical CAS with flow reversal is a safe technique for treating carotid stenosis in patients aged >70 years. We believe that avoiding the aortic arch and tortuous supra-aortic vessels is responsible for the favorable results in this study. |
### Instruction:
Does vitamin K supplementation prevent bone loss in ovariectomized Norway rats?
### Response:
| PK, MK-4, and MK-7 do not appear to prevent bone loss in OVX rats when administered concurrent with adequate intake of other nutrients. |
### Instruction:
Is significant CMAP decrement by repetitive nerve stimulation more frequent in median than ulnar nerves of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
### Response:
| The greater CMAP decrement in median nerve is attributable to preferential involvement of the APB in the pathophysiology of ALS or some underlying difference in the biology of the two muscles/nerves. Further investigations will better our understanding of the pathophysiology of ALS. |
### Instruction:
Does growth hormone treatment enhance the functional recovery of sciatic nerves after transection and repair?
### Response:
| GH enhanced the functional recovery of the damaged nerves, thus supporting the use of GH treatment, alone or combined with other therapeutic approaches, in promoting nerve repair. |
### Instruction:
Does prevalence of abnormal cases in an image bank affect the learning of radiograph interpretation?
### Response:
| Manipulating the ratio of abnormal to normal cases in learning banks can have important educational implications. |
### Instruction:
Does combined use of leaf size and economics traits allow direct comparison of hydrophyte and terrestrial herbaceous adaptive strategies?
### Response:
| Our findings support the hypothesis that hydrophyte adaptive strategy variation reflects fundamental trade-offs in economics and size that govern all plants, and that hydrophyte adaptive strategies can be directly compared with terrestrial species by combining leaf economics and size traits. |
### Instruction:
Does minimal epicondylectomy improve neurologic deficits in moderate to severe cubital tunnel syndrome?
### Response:
| Minimal medial epicondylectomy can improve sensory and motor impairments for patients with moderate to severe cubital tunnel syndrome. |
### Instruction:
Does eGCG enhance the therapeutic potential of gemcitabine and CP690550 by inhibiting STAT3 signaling pathway in human pancreatic cancer?
### Response:
| Overall, these results suggest that EGCG suppresses the growth, invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells, and induces apoptosis by interfering with the STAT3 signaling pathway. Moreover, EGCG further enhanced the therapeutic potential of gemcitabine and CP690550 against pancreatic cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does caffeine increase tear volume depending on polymorphisms within the adenosine A2a receptor gene and cytochrome P450 1A2?
### Response:
| Caffeine intake increases tear volume and polymorphisms within ADORA2A, and CYP1A2 is associated with the tear increase after caffeine intake. Genetic polymorphisms had a significant effect on tear meniscus that was of limited clinical significance. |
### Instruction:
Does intracerebroventricular administration of taurine impair learning and memory in rats?
### Response:
| These results indicate that taurine administered directly into the brain ventricle suppresses and delays the ability of learning and memory in rats. In contrast, it is implied that taurine administered peripherally was not involved in learning and memory. |
### Instruction:
Does cilostazol prevent progression of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis in patients with contralateral carotid artery stenting?
### Response:
| A higher degree of initial stenosis is associated with progression of asymptomatic ICS. Cilostazol may reduce the rate of disease progression in patients with asymptomatic ICS. |
### Instruction:
Is low C3 levels associated with neutropenia in a proportion of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome : retrospective analysis?
### Response:
| Our data indicates that a distinct subset of MDS, demonstrating complement activation, has more severe cytopenias, which suggest complement activation contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune cytopenia in MDS. |
### Instruction:
Does extent of extracellular signal-regulated kinases phosphorylation determine the sensitivity of hepatic stellate cells to staurosporine-induced apoptosis?
### Response:
| ERK1/2 phosphorylation in HSCs determines the sensitivity of HSCs to staurosporine-induced apoptosis. |
### Instruction:
Does conversion from human haematopoietic stem cells to keratinocytes require keratinocyte secretory factors?
### Response:
| Human HSCs are capable of differentiation into keratinocytes, and cell fusion is extremely rare. This differentiating is mediated by the plasma environment rather than by direct cell-cell interactions. |
### Instruction:
Do [ The specialist-referred patients represent 42 % of the activity of an academic memory clinic ]?
### Response:
| As compared to non-SRP, SRP are younger, more demented (64,4%) and more prone to have non-AD dementia (69,9%). However, AD represented the most frequent diagnosis (19.4% of SRP). |
### Instruction:
Are auditory verbal hallucinations in patients with borderline personality disorder similar to those in schizophrenia?
### Response:
| AVH in BPD patients are phenomenologically similar to those in schizophrenia, and different from those in healthy individuals. As AVH in patients with BPD fulfil the criteria of hallucinations proper, we prefer the term AVH over 'pseudohallucinations', so as to prevent trivialization and to promote adequate diagnosis and treatment. |
### Instruction:
Does a variant of Smurf2 protect mice against colitis-associated colon cancer by inducing transforming growth factor β signaling?
### Response:
| T cell-specific ΔE2Smurf2 degrades wild-type Smurf2 and controls intestinal tumor growth in mice by up-regulating TGF-β receptor type II, reducing proliferation and production of proinflammatory cytokines. |
### Instruction:
Does apoptosis of non-tumor cells contribute to increased serum cytochrome c level in a neuroblastoma xenograft model?
### Response:
| Increased concentration of Cyt c in the serum of tumor-bearing nude mice might be partially attributed to the secretion of this protein by non-tumor cells. |
### Instruction:
Does combined postconditioning with ischemia and α7nAChR agonist produce an enhanced protection against rat myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury?
### Response:
| In a rat in vivo model of acute myocardial IRI, combined postconditioning with IPOC and the α7nAChR agonist can produce enhanced protection against myocardial IRI by increasing the anti-inflammatory effect. |
### Instruction:
Does cTLA4-Ig relieve inflammation in murine models of coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis?
### Response:
| T(H)1 cytokines were predominant in the acute phase of viral myocarditis. CTLA4-Ig relieves myocardial inflammation, virus replication, and mouse mortality, probably by influencing the balance of T(H)1 to T(H)2. |
### Instruction:
Does varenicline potentiate alcohol-induced negative subjective responses and offsets impaired eye movements?
### Response:
| Our data support the theory that VAR may reduce drinking by potentiating aversive effects of alcohol. VAR also offsets alcohol-induced eye movement impairment. The evidence suggests that VAR may decrease alcohol consumption by producing effects, which oppose the rewarding efficacy of alcohol. |
### Instruction:
Does pubertal timing and growth influence cardiometabolic risk factors in adult males and females?
### Response:
| We demonstrate independent association between earlier pubertal timing and adult metabolic syndrome-related derangements both in males and females. The connection emphasizes that the mechanisms advancing puberty may also contribute to adult metabolic disorders. |
### Instruction:
Does direct peritoneal resuscitation improve obesity-induced hepatic dysfunction after trauma?
### Response:
| Our clinical review substantiates that obesity worsens trauma outcomes regardless of injury severity. Obesity-related liver and renal dysfunction is aggravated by injury severity. In an obese rat model of resuscitated hemorrhagic shock, the addition of DPR abrogates trauma-induced liver, renal, and inflammatory responses. We conclude that the addition of DPR to the clinical resuscitation regimen will benefit the obese trauma patient. |
### Instruction:
Are distinctive characteristics of bronchial reticular basement membrane and vessel remodelling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) and in asthma : they the same disease?
### Response:
| The characteristics of Rbm remodelling are quite different in asthma and COPD. |
### Instruction:
Is pINCH an independent prognostic factor in rectal cancer patients without preoperative radiotherapy -- a study in a Swedish rectal cancer trial of preoperative radiotherapy?
### Response:
| PINCH expression at the invasive margin was an independent prognostic factor in patients without RT. RT does not seem to directly affect the PINCH expression. |
### Instruction:
Does effects of prophylactic indomethacin on renal and intestinal blood flow in premature infants?
### Response:
| Prophylactic low-dose indomethacin increases the diastolic blood flow in the RA and SMA via a reduction in the ductal shunt volume, with no change in the regional vascular resistance. |
### Instruction:
Do pUFAs acutely affect triacylglycerol-derived skeletal muscle fatty acid uptake and increase postprandial insulin sensitivity?
### Response:
| PUFAs reduced triacylglycerol-derived skeletal muscle FA uptake, which was accompanied by higher postprandial insulin sensitivity, a more transcriptional oxidative phenotype, and altered intramyocellular lipid partitioning and may therefore be protective against the development of insulin resistance. |
### Instruction:
Do pilot study to develop and test a generic peer feedback instrument to review videotaped consultations in primary care?
### Response:
| The results suggest that the instrument is useful only when applied to practitioners who have been taught how to consult in a patientcentred manner, and have led to the introduction of training in consultation skills for pharmacists throughout Scotland. Potential reliability in providing peer feedback for GP consultations is important in the context of the provision of consistent, meaningful evidence for GP appraisal and revalidation in the UK. |
### Instruction:
Are polymorphisms in the maternal sex steroid pathway associated with behavior problems in male offspring?
### Response:
| We observed maladaptive behaviors in the male offspring of mothers who carried functional polymorphisms in the sex steroid pathway. The strongest associations were in domains commonly affected in attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. |
### Instruction:
Are fasting and oral glucose-stimulated levels of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide ( GIP ) and glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1 ) highly familial traits?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that circulating levels of GIP and GLP-1 as well as beta cell response to these incretins are highly familial compared with more commonly investigated measures of glucose homeostasis such as fasting and stimulated plasma glucose, serum insulin and serum C-peptide. |
### Instruction:
Is the HR2 polymorphism N140I in the HIV-1 gp41 combined with the HR1 V38A mutation associated with a less cytopathic phenotype?
### Response:
| Overall, primary gp41 proteins with both V38A and N140I changes showed a reduced ability to induce single cell death and deplete CD4+ T cells, despite maintaining fusion activity. The specificity of this phenotype highlights the relevance of the genetic context to the cytopathic capacity of Env and the role of ENF-resistance mutations in modulating viral pathogenicity in vivo, further supporting the hypothesis that gp41 is a critical mediator of HIV pathogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does high-density lipoprotein lose its anti-inflammatory capacity by accumulation of pro-inflammatory-serum amyloid A?
### Response:
| These results suggest that SAA enrichment of HDL during disease conditions contributes to the decreased protective function. It is a novel finding that SAA acts as a pro-inflammatory molecule to reduce the anti-inflammatory properties of HDL. |
### Instruction:
Do expression levels of transcribed ultraconserved regions uc.73 and uc.388 are altered in colorectal cancer?
### Response:
| Our preliminary results suggest that uc.73 and uc.388 could be potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in CRC patients. |
### Instruction:
Does hSP90 inhibition by 17-DMAG reduce inflammation in J774 macrophages through suppression of Akt and nuclear factor-κB pathways?
### Response:
| Our studies show that the immune-mediated NF-κB inflammatory cascade is blocked by the HSP90 inhibitor 17-DMAG. Due to the broad interaction of HSP90 with many pro-inflammatory kinase cascades, inhibition of HSP90 may provide a novel approach to reducing chronic inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Is intestinal methane production in obese individuals associated with a higher body mass index?
### Response:
| This is the first human study to demonstrate that a higher concentration of methane detected by breath testing is a predictor of significantly greater obesity in overweight subjects. |
### Instruction:
Is in vitro fertilization a successful treatment in endometriosis-associated infertility?
### Response:
| With the exception of patients with endometrioma, infertile women with various stages of endometriosis have the same success rates with IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection as patients with tubal factor. This contrasts with the systematic review on which the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology bases its recommendations. |
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