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### Instruction:
Does simvastatin prevent morphine antinociceptive tolerance and withdrawal symptoms in rats?
### Response:
| We found that simvastatin attenuated morphine-induced tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. |
### Instruction:
Are bacterial communities in neonatal feces similar to mothers ' placentae?
### Response:
| These results may provide new directions for the study of infant gut microbial formation. |
### Instruction:
Do pharyngeal arch deficiencies affect taste bud development in the circumvallate papilla with aberrant glossopharyngeal nerve formation?
### Response:
| PA deficiencies affect multiple aspects of taste bud development, including formation of the cranial ganglia and innervation to the posterior tongue. |
### Instruction:
Do ankylosing Spondylitis patients with Type D personality have worse clinical status?
### Response:
| Patients may over-rate self-reported measurements such as the BASDAI, BASFI, and SF-36 related to their interpersonal characteristics. Therefore, including the Type D personality, which is a stable construct in evaluating AS patients with brief and valid DS-14, may be noteworthy. |
### Instruction:
Does lack of mature lymphocytes result in obese but metabolically healthy mice when fed a high-fat diet?
### Response:
| Mice with deficiency in adaptive immunity are obese, partly owing to decreased energy expenditure, but are metabolically normal, suggesting that mature lymphocytes have necessary roles in the development of obesity-related metabolic dysregulation. |
### Instruction:
Do natural killer cells promote long-term hepatobiliary inflammation in a low-dose rotavirus model of experimental biliary atresia?
### Response:
| Lower inoculation of RRV-induced progressive liver injury and fibrosis via NK cells. These findings point to the potential use of NK cell-depleting strategies to block progression of liver disease in biliary atresia. |
### Instruction:
Does newly developed apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide promote macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in vivo?
### Response:
| The administration of FAMP promoted ABCA1-dependent efflux ex vivo, HDL turnover in vivo, and macrophage RCT in vivo despite reduced plasma HDL-C levels. FAMP might have atheroprotective potential. |
### Instruction:
Do laminin-rich blood vessels display activated growth factor signaling and act as the proliferation centers in Dupuytren 's contracture?
### Response:
| Based on our findings, we propose that in the DC-associated small blood vessels the presence of growth factors in combination with favorable extracellular matrix composition provide a supportive environment for sustained proliferation of myofibroblasts and thus the blood vessels play an important role in DC pathogenesi... |
### Instruction:
Is disability Stage an Independent Risk Factor for Mortality in Medicare Beneficiaries Aged 65 Years and Older?
### Response:
| We found nearly monotonic relationships between ADL and IADL stage and adjusted 3-year mortality. These findings could aid in the development of population health approaches and metrics for evaluating the success of alternative economic, social, or health policies on the longevity of older adults with activity limitati... |
### Instruction:
Is heat stress-induced memory impairment associated with neuroinflammation in mice?
### Response:
| Together, these findings suggest that heat stress can lead to activation of glial cells and induction of inflammatory molecules in the hippocampus, which may act as causative factors for memory loss, neuronal death, and impaired adult neurogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Is cardiopulmonary fitness related to disease severity in multiple sclerosis?
### Response:
| There was a significant association between disease severity and cardiopulmonary fitness. The close relation between cardiopulmonary fitness and chronic conditions associated with physical inactivity, suggest a progressive increase in risk of secondary health conditions in pwMS. |
### Instruction:
Does progressive multiple sclerosis exhibit decreasing glutamate and glutamine over two years?
### Response:
| The high rates of change of both glutamate and glutamine over two years suggest they are promising new biomarkers of MS disease progression. |
### Instruction:
Does liver X receptor activation enhance CVB3 viral replication during myocarditis by stimulating lipogenesis?
### Response:
| LXR agonism does not modulate cardiac inflammation, but exacerbates virus-mediated myocardial damage during VM by stimulating lipid biosynthesis and enhancing CVB3 replication. |
### Instruction:
Does intraoperative tight glucose control using hyperinsulinemic normoglycemia increase delirium after cardiac surgery?
### Response:
| Intraoperative hyperinsulinemic-normoglycemia augments the risk of delirium after cardiac surgery, but not its severity. |
### Instruction:
Does preservation solution impact physiologic function and cellular viability of human saphenous vein graft?
### Response:
| Preservation of HSV in normal saline causes graft injury leading to impaired physiologic function and decreased viability of the HSV. This harm is mitigated by the use of buffered salt solutions as preservation media. |
### Instruction:
Is delayed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography associated with persistent organ failure in hospitalised patients with acute cholangitis?
### Response:
| Delay in ERCP beyond 48 h was associated with persistent organ failure in hospitalised patients with acute cholangitis. Other factors included increased comorbidities, SIRS, hypoalbuminemia and bacteremia. Early ERCP performed within 48 h after presentation in patients with cholangitis may improve outcomes. |
### Instruction:
Does huangQi Decoction improve Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis in Mice by Inhibiting the Up-Regulation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway?
### Response:
| HuangQi decoction could effectively inhibit the up-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway induced by UUO, implying a possible role in improving renal interstitial fibrosis. |
### Instruction:
Does sLCO1B1 polymorphism markedly affect the pharmacokinetics of lovastatin acid?
### Response:
| SLCO1B1*5/*15 and *15/*15 genotypes markedly increase the exposure to active lovastatin acid, but have no significant effect on lovastatin lactone, similar to their effects on simvastatin and simvastatin acid. Accordingly, it is probable that the risk of muscle toxicity during lovastatin treatment is increased in indiv... |
### Instruction:
Is baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio associated with outcome of ipilimumab-treated metastatic melanoma patients?
### Response:
| Our findings show that baseline NLR is strongly and independently associated with outcome of patients treated with ipilimumab, and may serve to identify patients most likely to benefit from this therapy. |
### Instruction:
Are insulin-induced changes in skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion dependent upon perivascular adipose tissue in women?
### Response:
| PVAT from lean women enhances insulin-induced vasodilation and microvascular recruitment whereas PVAT from obese women does not. PVAT adipocyte size partly explains the difference in insulin-induced microvascular recruitment between lean and obese women. |
### Instruction:
Is insulin a key determinant of elevated retinal arteriolar flicker response in insulin-resistant individuals?
### Response:
| Insulin sensitivity is an important determinant of retinal microvascular function. We propose that the elevated arterial flicker response in insulin-resistant states is a result of higher circulating insulin levels. |
### Instruction:
Does surgery for Ulcerative Colitis be Associated with a High Rate of Readmissions at 30 Days?
### Response:
| Surgery for UC is associated with a high rate of readmission. Further prospective studies are necessary to determine the means to reduce these readmissions. |
### Instruction:
Does embolization of Veno-venous Collaterals after the Fontan Operation be Associated with Decreased Survival?
### Response:
| We observed decreased 5-year survival in patients who had VVC embolization. Embolization of VVC in patients after Fontan should be evaluated very carefully in patients with atrio-pulmonary type Fontan, heterotaxy, and those with Fontan pressure above 18 mm Hg. These patients may benefit from the "natural" fenestration ... |
### Instruction:
Does electrophysiologic monitoring correlate of recurrent laryngeal nerve heat thermal injury in a porcine model?
### Response:
| Sixty degrees Celsius is a critical temperature to cause RLN thermal injury. Continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring can be used as a tool for the early detection of acute thermal stress and may guide use of energy-based devices during thyroid procedures. |
### Instruction:
Is the use of a video laryngoscope by emergency medicine residents associated with a reduction in esophageal intubations in the emergency department?
### Response:
| The use of a VL by EM residents during an intubation attempt in the ED was associated with significantly fewer EIs compared to when a DL was used. Patients who had inadvertent EIs had significantly more adverse events than those who did not have EIs. EM residency training programs should consider using VLs for ED intub... |
### Instruction:
Does expiratory flow limitation relate to symptoms during COPD exacerbations requiring hospital admission?
### Response:
| The presence of flow-limited breathing as well as abnormal respiratory system mechanics contribute independently to symptoms during COPD exacerbations. |
### Instruction:
Does peroxynitrite Decomposition Catalyst reduce Delayed Thrombolysis-induced Hemorrhagic Transformation in Ischemia-reperfused Rat Brains?
### Response:
| Peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst could prevent hemorrhagic transformation and improve neurological outcome ischemic rat brains with delayed t-PA treatment via inhibiting peroxynitrite-mediated MMP activation. |
### Instruction:
Does exome sequencing identify rare variants in multiple genes in atrioventricular septal defect?
### Response:
| Mutations in genes with strong biological relevance to AVSD, including syndrome-associated genes, can contribute to AVSD, even in those with isolated heart disease. The identification of a gene set associated with AVSD will facilitate targeted genetic screening in this cohort. |
### Instruction:
Are child 's verbal ability and gender associated with age at diagnosis in a sample of young children with ASD in Europe?
### Response:
| Our findings highlight the need to implement public awareness initiatives and training for professionals to promote early detection and, consequently, early intervention for autism spectrum disorder in Europe. |
### Instruction:
Are increased plasma BMP-2 levels associated with atherosclerosis burden and coronary calcification in type 2 diabetic patients?
### Response:
| Our study demonstrates that patients with T2DM had higher circulating levels of BMP-2 than normal controls. Plasma BMP-2 levels correlated positively with plaque burden and calcification in patients with T2DM. |
### Instruction:
Does overexpression of Enterococcus faecalis elr operon protect from phagocytosis?
### Response:
| Altogether, our results indicate that overexpression of the elr operon facilitates the E. faecalis escape from host immune defenses. |
### Instruction:
Does annexin A1 Preferentially predict Poor Prognosis of Basal-Like Breast Cancer Patients by Activating mTOR-S6 Signaling?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that annexin A1 is prognostic only in patients with basal like breast cancer. This appears to be in part due to the role of annexin A1 in activating mTOR-pS6 pathway. |
### Instruction:
Does daclizumab reverse intrathecal immune cell abnormalities in multiple sclerosis?
### Response:
| Normalization of immunological abnormalities associated with MS by long-term daclizumab therapy suggests that this drug's effects on ILCs, NK cells, and dendritic cell-mediated antigen presentation to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are critical in regulating the MS disease process. |
### Instruction:
Does atrial Remodeling Following Catheter-Based Renal Denervation occur in a Blood Pressure- and Heart Rate-Independent Manner?
### Response:
| In patients with resistant hypertension, LA volume and occurrence of PAC decreased 6 months after RDN. This decrease was independent of BP and HR at baseline or the reduction in BP and HR reached by renal denervation. These data suggest that there is a direct, partly BP-independent effect of RDN on cardiac remodeling a... |
### Instruction:
Does potassium channel blocker activate extracellular signal-regulated kinases through Pyk2 and epidermal growth factor receptor in rat cardiomyocytes?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that KBs induce ERK activation, which starts with Ca(2+) entry through the L-type Ca(2+) channel in cardiomyocytes, and that EGFR and Pyk2 are involved in this activation. |
### Instruction:
Does long-term administration of amlodipine prevent decompensation to diastolic heart failure in hypertensive rats?
### Response:
| Long-term administration of amlodipine prevented the transition to DHF both at the depressor and subdepressor doses. Amlodipine did not decrease the collagen content, but attenuated myocardial stiffness, with inhibition of the phenotype shift from type III to type I collagen. Thus, amlodipine may exert beneficial effec... |
### Instruction:
Do physical activity and energy intake selectively predict the waist-to-hip ratio in men but not in women?
### Response:
| Because the WHR is an important predictor of several cardiovascular and other chronic diseases, documentation of a strong effect of physical activity on the WHR selectively in men may provide a partial explanation of how the effect of physical activity is mediated and why physical activity is more effective in men than... |
### Instruction:
Is ventricular dysfunction after cardioplegic arrest improved after myocardial gene transfer of a beta-adrenergic receptor kinase inhibitor?
### Response:
| Myocardial gene transfer of Adv-betaARKct stabilizes betaAR signaling and prevents LV dysfunction induced by prolonged cardioplegic arrest. Thus, betaARK1 inhibition may represent a novel target in limiting depressed ventricular function after CPB. |
### Instruction:
Does scaffold-based three-dimensional human fibroblast culture provide a structural matrix that supports angiogenesis in infarcted heart tissue?
### Response:
| In this animal model, viable 3DFC stimulates angiogenesis within a region of cardiac infarction and can augment a repair response in damaged tissue. Therefore, a potential use for 3DFC is the repair of myocardial tissue damaged by infarction. |
### Instruction:
Is fat distribution in obese women associated with subtle alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and sensitivity to glucocorticoids?
### Response:
| These data demonstrate differences in the HPA axis activity and sensitivity to glucocorticoids between obese women differing in their body fat distribution, with both enhanced negative and positive feedback in those with abdominal obesity. Several mechanisms may explain these differences: central vs. peripheral hypothe... |
### Instruction:
Does consumption of soy diet before nerve injury preempt the development of neuropathic pain in rats?
### Response:
| Consumption of a soy-containing diet suppressed the development of neuropathic pain after PSL injury. The pain-suppressing properties of dietary soy were the result of a preemptive effect (i.e., when consumed preoperatively), but not a palliative effect (i.e., when consumed postoperatively). This effect of soy-containi... |
### Instruction:
Is mild hyperhomocysteinemia associated with cardiac allograft coronary disease?
### Response:
| Mild hyperhomocysteinemia is a consistent finding among heart transplant recipients. This finding was not associated with transplant coronary artery disease in our patients. The combination of renal dysfunction and vitamin B6 deficiency may explain the unusual prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia in heart transplant reci... |
### Instruction:
Is extracellular fatty acid binding protein ( ex-FABP ) a stress protein expressed during chondrocyte and myoblast differentiation?
### Response:
| No definitive data are so far available on the possible role of Ex-FABP when induced by cellular stresses. The capacity of the protein to specifically bind and transport unsaturated long chain fatty acids suggests that lipid metabolism and fatty acid utilization by the cells may be involved. Based on literature data th... |
### Instruction:
Do lactoferrin and free secretory component of human milk inhibit the adhesion of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to HeLa cells?
### Response:
| This study demonstrated that the immunoglobulin fraction, the free secretory component and lactoferrin of human milk inhibit EPEC adhesion to HeLa cells. These results indicate that fSC and Lf may be important non-specific defence factors against EPEC infections. |
### Instruction:
Does liver glutathione level influence myocardial reperfusion injury following liver ischemia-reperfusion?
### Response:
| NAC treatment of ischemia-reperfused livers, associated with GSH replenishment, prevents remote myocardial reperfusion injury. The role of NAC and GSH in reducing liver-associated oxidative burst propagation is discussed. |
### Instruction:
Does external pacing potentiate allopurinol protection of the heart from liver ischemia-reperfusion -- a study in an isolated perfused liver-heart rat model?
### Response:
| External pacing in the double organ, isolated-perfused liver-heart did not ameliorate XO-mediated dysfunction compared to low dose allopurinol. The unexpected delayed coronary insufficiency in myocardial reperfusion injury is discussed. |
### Instruction:
Is the content of glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen in preparations of sarcoplasmic reticulum-glycogenolytic complex enhanced in diabetic rat skeletal muscle?
### Response:
| These results suggest that under diabetic conditions, both glycogen phosphorylase and a small percentage of muscle glycogen are relocalized in the sarcoplasmic reticulum-glycogenolytic complex. |
### Instruction:
Does nGF-withdrawal induce apoptosis in pancreatic beta cells in vitro?
### Response:
| We suggest that the integrity of the NGF/NGF receptor system and NGF bioavailability participate in controlling beta-cell survival in culture which represents a key issue for improving possibilities for transplantations in the treatment of diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Is nephrin expressed in the pancreatic beta cells?
### Response:
| These data show that nephrin is a novel molecule of pancreatic beta cells. |
### Instruction:
Does sH2-containing inositol phosphatase 2 negatively regulate insulin-induced glycogen synthesis in L6 myotubes?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that SHIP2 plays a negative regulatory role via the 5'-phosphatase activity in insulin signalling, and that PI(3,4,5)P3 rather than PI(3,4)P2 is important for in vivo regulation of insulin-induced Akt activation leading to glycogen synthesis in L6 myotubes. |
### Instruction:
Does losartan increase renal blood flow during isoflurane anesthesia in sheep?
### Response:
| We conclude that the sympathoadrenal system is still the major determinant for blood pressure maintenance during isoflurane anesthesia in sheep. The apparently increased activity of the renin angiotensin system in this situation causes a reduction in renal blood flow, which is counteracted by angiotensin II AT1-recepto... |
### Instruction:
Does homozygosity ( E140K ) in SCO2 cause delayed infantile onset of cardiomyopathy and neuropathy?
### Response:
| The clinical spectrum of SCO2 deficiency includes the delayed development of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and severe neurogenic muscular atrophy. There is increased copper uptake in patients' fibroblasts indicating that the G1541A mutation effects cellular copper metabolism. |
### Instruction:
Does immediate and long-term atrial sensing stability in single-lead VDD pacing depend on right atrial dimensions?
### Response:
| According to our data, in VDD single-lead systems the amplitude of the atrial signal is stable over time in every physical activity. High RAD and low RAVD values may select patients with poor atrial sensing stability. Anyway, taking into account that no atrial oversensing was observed, atrial sensitivity setting at the... |
### Instruction:
Do results of steroid-based therapy for the hepatitis C-autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome?
### Response:
| Corticosteroids are beneficial as a first line therapy for some patients with the hepatitis C-autoimmune overlap syndrome, resulting in appreciable biochemical and histological response but without viral eradication. |
### Instruction:
Is transcription-mediated amplification more sensitive than conventional PCR-based assays for detecting residual serum HCV RNA at end of treatment?
### Response:
| Residual serum HCV RNA was detected by the TMA-based assay in EOT samples from 34.6% of patients that had achieved apparent viral clearance by PCR. The detection of HCV RNA by the TMA-based assay could help redefine EOT response and assist in the antiviral management of HCV infection. |
### Instruction:
Are high doses of alpha-interferon required in chronic hepatitis due to coinfection with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus : long term results of a prospective randomized trial?
### Response:
| Even though the percentage was not very high, the sustained response, the striking histological improvement, and the lack of development of cirrhosis achieved in these patients, indicate that with HBV-HCV coinfection, a trial with high doses of interferon is strongly recommended. |
### Instruction:
Does duplex scanning allow selective use of arteriography in the management of patients with severe lower leg arterial disease?
### Response:
| In a vascular unit with wide expertise in DS of the lower leg arteries, management of patients with severe lower leg ischemia can be based on DS in most patients without negative effects on clinical outcome within 30 days and at 2-years' follow-up. |
### Instruction:
Does bradykinin contribute to the vasodilator effects of chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in patients with heart failure?
### Response:
| B9340 is a potent and selective inhibitor of bradykinin-induced vasodilatation. Bradykinin does not contribute to the maintenance of basal peripheral arteriolar tone in healthy humans or patients with heart failure but contributes to the vasodilatation associated with chronic ACE inhibitor therapy in patients with hear... |
### Instruction:
Does vitamin C inhibit endothelial cell apoptosis in congestive heart failure?
### Response:
| Administration of vitamin C to CHF patients suppresses EC apoptosis in vivo, which might contribute to the established functional benefit of vitamin C supplementation on endothelial function. |
### Instruction:
Are plasma levels of plasmin-antiplasmin-complexes predictive for small abdominal aortic aneurysms expanding to operation-recommendable sizes?
### Response:
| The progression of AAA is correlated with the PAP level, which seems to have a predictive value similar to the best serologic predictor known, serum-elastin-peptides. |
### Instruction:
Does high level of physical activity preserve the cardioprotective effect of preinfarction angina in elderly patients?
### Response:
| Physical activity and not preinfarction angina protects against in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with myocardial infarction. Nevertheless, the protective effect of preinfarction angina is preserved in elderly patients with a high level of physical activity. |
### Instruction:
Is blood thrombogenicity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients associated with glycemic control?
### Response:
| In T2DM, there is an association between improved glycemic control and blood thrombogenicity reduction. The effect of glycemic control on the thrombotic complications of T2DM patients deserves further investigation. |
### Instruction:
Does a skin moisturizing cream containing Quaternium-18-Bentonite effectively improve chronic hand dermatitis?
### Response:
| This moisturizing cream significantly improved chronic hand dermatitis in a majority of individuals with previously uncontrolled dermatitis despite continuing in their regular occupation. |
### Instruction:
Does multiple micronutrient supplementation increase the growth of Mexican infants?
### Response:
| Micronutrient deficiencies limited the growth of the Mexican infants studied. Improving micronutrient intakes should be a component of interventions to promote growth in infants living in settings where micronutrient intakes are inadequate. |
### Instruction:
Do specific and nonspecific immune responses to fasting and refeeding differ in healthy young adult and elderly persons?
### Response:
| The lack of response of lymphocyte subpopulation counts and neutrophil function to nutritional changes may help to explain the proneness of elderly persons to infection. |
### Instruction:
Does sevoflurane inhibit unstimulated and agonist-induced platelet antigen expression and platelet function in whole blood in vitro?
### Response:
| The results show that sevoflurane significantly impairs platelet antigen expression in vitro. It is especially the inhibition of GPIIb/IIIa expression and activation that impairs bleeding time as reflected in thromboelastographic measurements and platelet function analyzer 100 closure times. The exact inhibitory mechan... |
### Instruction:
Is citric acid-enhanced Helicobacter pylori urease activity in vivo unrelated to gastric emptying?
### Response:
| The increased intragastric urea hydrolysis associated with citric acid test meals cannot be attributed to delayed gastric emptying. Changes in the intragastric distribution of urea or a direct effect of citric acid on the bacteria (e.g. via the cytoplasmic protein, UreI) are more likely to be responsible. |
### Instruction:
Does sustained retention of tetradecylthioacetic acid after local delivery reduce angioplasty-induced coronary stenosis in the minipig?
### Response:
| Local delivery of TTA reduces coronary artery stenosis after PTCA as assessed by both angiographic, histomorphometric and ICUS examinations by influencing vessel remodeling rather than intimal hyperplasia. The underlying mechanism(s) seem to involve antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of this fatty acid analogue. |
### Instruction:
Are mitochondria the main ATP source for a cytosolic pool controlling the activity of ATP-sensitive K ( + ) channels in mouse cardiac myocytes?
### Response:
| The activity of K(ATP) channels in cardiomyocytes of mice is controlled by a cytosolic [ATP] pool for which oxidative phosphorylation is the predominant ATP source. |
### Instruction:
Is hKChIP2 a functional modifier of hKv4.3 potassium channels : cloning and expression of a short hKChIP2 splice variant?
### Response:
| Heteromeric hKv4.3/hKChIP2 currents more closely resemble native epicardial I(to1), suggesting that hKChIP2 is a true beta-subunit of human cardiac I(to1). As a result hKChIP2 might play a role in cardiac diseases, where a contribution of I(to1) has been shown. |
### Instruction:
Do both fenofibrate and atorvastatin improve vascular reactivity in combined hyperlipidaemia ( fenofibrate versus atorvastatin trial -- FAT )?
### Response:
| Both fenofibrate and atorvastatin significantly improved endothelium-dependent vascular reactivity without mutual difference. The PBF was superior to FMD for the detection of this improvement. The beneficial effect of both drugs did not correlate with the change of lipid profile during therapy. The improvement of vascu... |
### Instruction:
Does losartan attenuate symptomatic and hormonal responses to hypoglycemia in humans?
### Response:
| We conclude that short-term treatment with losartan slightly attenuates symptomatic and hormonal responses to hypoglycemia. At present, for patients who are unaware of hypoglycemia and who require antihypertensive or nephroprotective treatment, we would recommend caution concerning treatment with losartan. |
### Instruction:
Does dilation of the sinotubular junction cause aortic insufficiency after aortic valve replacement with the Toronto SPV bioprosthesis?
### Response:
| Dilation of the sinotubular junction causes aortic insufficiency after aortic valve replacement with the Toronto SPV bioprosthesis and increases the risk of structural valve deterioration. Banding the sinotubular junction may prevent dilation and enhance the durability of this valve. |
### Instruction:
Does acute fructose administration improve oral glucose tolerance in adults with type 2 diabetes?
### Response:
| Low-dose fructose improves the glycemic response to an oral glucose load in adults with type 2 diabetes, and this effect is not a result of stimulation of insulin secretion. |
### Instruction:
Does a carbohydrate-rich drink reduce preoperative discomfort in elective surgery patients?
### Response:
| Discomfort during the period of waiting before elective surgery can be reduced if patients are prepared with a carbohydrate-rich drink, compared with preoperative oral intake of water or overnight fasting. Visual analog scales can provide useful information about preoperative discomfort in elective surgery patients. |
### Instruction:
Does systemic tizanidine hydrochloride ( Zanaflex ) relieve thermal hyperalgesia in rats with an experimental mononeuropathy?
### Response:
| This study was conducted to determine whether tizanidine could attenuate the thermal hyperalgesia that occurs in rats with surgically induced chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve. Tizanidine was effective in reducing sensitivity to heat, as measured by paw withdrawal latency, and did not cause sedation at smaller ... |
### Instruction:
Does preoperative epidural ketamine in combination with morphine have a clinically relevant intra- and postoperative opioid-sparing effect?
### Response:
| Ketamine added to epidural morphine given before surgery can decrease postoperative pain by its preemptive effect, opioid potentiation, and prevention of acute opioid tolerance. A single epidural bolus of 1 mg/kg of ketamine with morphine given before major upper-abdominal surgery did not result in a clinically relevan... |
### Instruction:
Is the CCK-2 receptor located on the ECL cell , but not on the parietal cell?
### Response:
| Fluo-CCK-8 given to isolated rat stomachs in a physiological concentration binds to CCK-2 receptors on ECL cells and causes histamine release, whereas no binding of Fluo-CCK-8 to parietal cells was found. |
### Instruction:
Is qT dispersion in patients with mitral valve prolapse related to the echocardiographic degree of the prolapse and mitral leaflet thickness?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that QT and JT dispersions are related to the echocardiographic degree of MVP and mitral leaflet thickness. The echocardiographic assessment of the severity of the prolapse may help to identify a subgroup of patients at increased risk of life-threatening arrhythmias. |
### Instruction:
Is human atrial natriuretic peptide a useful criterion in treatment of nocturia?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that patients with higher plasma hANP levels should be treated as having subclinical heart failure, while nocturia in patients with a normal plasma hANP level might be caused by sleep disturbance. |
### Instruction:
Does preinfarction angina protect against out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation in patients with acute occlusion of the left coronary artery?
### Response:
| Preinfarction angina protects against out-of-hospital VF in patients with acute occlusion of the LCA. This protection is independent of risk factors or coronary anatomy. A larger study is needed to examine the apparently different effect in patients with acute occlusion of the RCA. |
### Instruction:
Is good metabolic control associated with better quality of life in 2,101 adolescents with type 1 diabetes?
### Response:
| In a multiple regression model, lower HbA(1c) was significantly associated with better adolescent-rated QOL on all four subscales and with lower perceived family burden as assessed by parents and health professionals. |
### Instruction:
Is cytomegalovirus disease a major risk factor for ischemic heart disease after renal transplantation?
### Response:
| These data suggest that cytomegalovirus disease is not a significant risk factor for the development of primary ischemic heart disease after renal transplantation. |
### Instruction:
Does a novel selectin blocker alleviate oxidative stress of lung reperfusion injury?
### Response:
| A novel selectin blocker, OJ-R9188, improves pulmonary function after warm ischemia-reperfusion and alleviates reperfusion-induced oxidative alveolar damage. |
### Instruction:
Does short-term effects of incubator cover on quiet sleep in stable premature infants?
### Response:
| Incubator covers seem to have some short-term effects on sleep quality in premature infants but the clinical significance and possible long-term effects are not known. |
### Instruction:
Does hypercholesterolemia impair endothelium-dependent relaxations in common carotid arteries of apolipoprotein e-deficient mice?
### Response:
| In carotid arteries of apoE-deficient mice, hypercholesterolemia causes impairment of receptor-mediated activation of eNOS. Increased superoxide anion production in endothelial cells appears to be coupled to activation of cholinergic receptors and is responsible for hypercholesterolemia-induced endothelial dysfunction.... |
### Instruction:
Does cloning of BUG demonstrate the existence of a brown preadipocyte distinct from a white one?
### Response:
| The pattern of BUG expression agrees with an early divergence between brown and white adipocyte lineages. It also reveals the existence of a pool of committed brown preadipocytes within BAT that are recruited during cold exposure. BUG expression is increased in obese animals, suggesting that an early defect in brown pr... |
### Instruction:
Is c-reactive protein independently associated with total body fat , central fat , and insulin resistance in adult women?
### Response:
| Our study has shown an independent relationship of central fat accumulation and insulin resistance with CRP plasma levels, thus suggesting that mild, chronic inflammation may be a further component of the metabolic syndrome and a mediator of the atherogenic profile of this syndrome. |
### Instruction:
Is monoamine oxidase inhibition unlikely to be relevant to the risks associated with phentermine and fenfluramine : a comparison with their abilities to evoke monoamine release?
### Response:
| We therefore suggest that MAO inhibition is unlikely to play a role in the pharmacodynamic properties of any of the tested drugs, including phentermine. Instead, the lack of potency of these drugs as MAO inhibitors is contrasted with their powerful ability either to inhibit the uptake of one or more monoamines (fluoxet... |
### Instruction:
Is leptin resistance associated with extreme obesity and aggregates in families?
### Response:
| Leptin resistance is strongly associated with extreme obesity and appears to be a heritable trait. The determination of its genetic causes will aid in understanding the role of leptin in common forms of human obesity. |
### Instruction:
Does hemidiaphragmatic paralysis increase postoperative morbidity after a modified Fontan operation?
### Response:
| Hemidiaphragmatic paralysis after the modified Fontan operation is associated with an increase in early morbidity. Care should be taken to avoid injury to the phrenic nerve. Patients with prolonged effusions should be evaluated for hemidiaphragmatic paralysis. |
### Instruction:
Do alterations in fibrillin as well as collagens I and III and elastin occur in vulval lichen sclerosus?
### Response:
| The distribution of collagens I and III, elastin and fibrillin are altered in lichen sclerosus and this is likely to contribute to the fragility, scarring and atrophy seen clinically in lichen sclerosus. |
### Instruction:
Does lithium treatment inhibit protein kinase C translocation in rat brain cortex?
### Response:
| Lithium treatment reduces PKC translocation induced by either stimulation of a cell surface receptor or by direct enzyme stimulation with phorbol ester. This effect leads to reduced PKC-mediated phosphorylation of cellular proteins and may be responsible for the pharmacotherapeutic action of lithium. |
### Instruction:
Do parenteral drug administration errors by nursing staff on an acute medical admissions ward during day duty?
### Response:
| The error rate was lower than reported in the literature, this may be due to different methodologies, small sample size or effective nursing training and operating procedures. In the observed hospital, only nursing staff who have completed a training package are allowed to administer parenteral medications. |
### Instruction:
Does helicobacter pylori eradication exacerbate reflux symptoms in gastroesophageal reflux disease?
### Response:
| H. pylori eradication therapy does not seem to influence relapse rates in GERD patients. |
### Instruction:
Do a triglyceride-rich fat emulsion and free fatty acids but not very low density lipoproteins impair endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation?
### Response:
| The present study demonstrates that the triglyceride-rich fat emulsion Intralipid and individual FFAs impair endothelium-dependent relaxation of arterial rings from rat, whereas triglycerides in the form of VLDL do not affect endothelial function. The finding that the antioxidant vitamin C partly reverses this impairme... |
### Instruction:
Does tNP-470 reduce collagen and macrophage accumulation in expanded polytetrafluoroethylene tube implants?
### Response:
| Administration of TNP-470 significantly decreases hydroxyproline accumulation in e-PTFE implants. These data suggest that while TNP-470 is administered, macrophage infiltration is impaired; however, upon discontinuing administration, macrophage infiltration increases. Possible mechanisms to account for these findings a... |
### Instruction:
Does glucagon-like peptide-1 ( 7-37 ) augment insulin-mediated glucose uptake in elderly patients with diabetes?
### Response:
| We conclude that GLP-1 may enhance insulin sensitivity in elderly patients with diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Do urinary transforming growth factor-beta1 levels correlate with bladder outlet obstruction?
### Response:
| Urinary TGF-beta1 levels correlate with objective measures of BOO. Further study is needed to test the utility of urinary TGF-beta1 as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for BOO. |
### Instruction:
Does pentoxifylline contribute to the hepatic cytoprotective process in rats undergoing hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury?
### Response:
| Pentoxifylline reduces reperfusion injury of the liver through significantly decreased transaminase levels, and contributes to hepatic cytoprotection by increasing tissue levels of PGE(2) significantly. These effects reflect the role of tissue PGE(2) in pentoxifylline-related hepatoprotection against ischemia-reperfusi... |
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