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Question: Which cell structure carries out a function for a cell that is similar to the function that bark carries out for a tree? Answer: cell wall
Question: The number of squirrels in a certain ecosystem changes over time. These changes can be represented as a number of connected data points. Which method would a student most likely use to show this information? Answer: line graph
Question: Pedro shook a can of soda. When the soda was opened, foam and soda burst from the can. Which statement best explains what happened? Answer: The gas pressure was released from the can.
Question: Where is most of Earth's water located? Answer: oceans
Question: Investigations were performed to test several methods of keeping petals from falling off flowers that had been cut. Which is the most likely reason for this investigation? Answer: to test a hypothesis
Question: Two seismographs are placed 500 km from an active fault line, one on each side of the active fault line. During an earthquake, what most likely accounts for the different readings on the seismographs? Answer: the different media through which the waves travel
Question: Scientists dig in a dry area at the bottom of a mountain range. Fossilized shells of freshwater mussels are found in the area. Which is a likely conclusion that scientists will draw based on this evidence? Answer: Rivers once flowed through the area.
Question: An apple appears red when struck by white light. This appearance is because the red light is reflected and the other colors are absorbed. What color will this apple appear to be when struck by blue light? Answer: black
Question: In New York State, an observer will usually see the Sun rise in the Answer: east
Question: Burning coal and natural gas are ways to produce electricity. Both coal and natural gas are nonrenewable resources. Which is an example of producing electricity using a renewable source of energy? Answer: heating a home with energy collected by solar panels
Question: When liquid water freezes, it forms ice. What is the physical state of an ice cube? Answer: solid
Question: A student uses a hand lens to observe which of these objects? Answer: an insect
Question: Which type of rock would most likely contain a fossil? Answer: sedimentary rock
Question: Some events on Earth happen instantly while others take thousands of years to occur. Which process takes the longest time to complete? Answer: weathering of a rock to form small rocks and sand
Question: Where do many of the basic life functions take place in organisms? Answer: cells
Question: Which physical structure would best help a bear to survive a winter in New York State? Answer: thick fur
Question: What is made when sugar is dissolved in water? Answer: a solution
Question: Gasoline for cars is produced from fossil fuels. Using gasoline can most likely lead to which environmental problem? Answer: global warming
Question: Which of the following is a cause of the ocean levels periodically rising and then falling? Answer: the force of gravity from the Moon
Question: A scientist is searching for areas where new solar systems might form. What feature is the scientist looking for? Answer: a cloud of dust and gas
Question: About how often is a full moon observed from Earth's surface? Answer: once a month
Question: When animals use energy, they produce Answer: carbon dioxide
Question: Which would provide evidence of seafloor spreading? Answer: cooled magma found on the edge of the plates
Question: Mitosis occurs in living things when a cell divides to produce two cells. Compared to the original cell, how many chromosomes are in each of the resulting cells? Answer: the same number
Question: Which organ directly works to protect the human body from disease? Answer: skin
Question: Steven went to a farm and picked a bright red tomato from a broken branch on the plant. The tomato had a rotten spot with a worm inside of it. Instead of eating the tomato, Steven decided to plant the seeds and grow new tomato plants. Which characteristic of the tomato plant is inherited and could change over several generations? Answer: color of the skin
Question: Many leaves appear green because the leaves Answer: reflect green light.
Question: Which of these is the best definition of heredity? Answer: the passage of genetic information from one generation to the next
Question: Which of the following describes how a microwave oven heats food? Answer: Water molecules in the food absorb the energy of microwave radiation.
Question: Which three systems of the human body function together to move and control body parts? Answer: nervous, skeletal, and muscular
Question: Astronomers have found evidence for the existence of a super-massive black hole in the center of the giant elliptical galaxy M87. What is thought to cause black holes to form? Answer: the collapse of a high-mass star
Question: A research team wanted to produce a smaller variety of German shepherd dogs. They mated the smallest dogs from different litters for several generations. This is an example of which concept? Answer: selective breeding
Question: A class learns about weather. The students in the class measure the outside air temperature at the same time each day. Which way of measuring the temperature would provide the most accurate data? Answer: recording the measurements from three thermometers
Question: Earth's magnetosphere is not uniformly shaped. It is compressed on the side facing the Sun and has a long tail extending away from the Sun. Which phenomenon is responsible for this shape? Answer: solar winds bringing high-energy particles toward Earth
Question: Which living organism makes its own food using sunlight? Answer: tree
Question: Who was the first person to base a system of classification on organisms having similar structures? Answer: Linnaeus
Question: Which is a process that converts sunlight energy into a compound that stores chemical energy? Answer: photosynthesis
Question: Which most likely contributed to the extinction of many species and endangered the survival of others? Answer: habitat destruction
Question: Which is the most basic unit of living things? Answer: Cells
Question: What are the two main jobs of the skeletal system? Answer: support and protect the body
Question: Which is an example of a chemical change? Answer: a nail rusting in water
Question: Which of these is a renewable resource found in Nevada? Answer: geothermal energy
Question: Which two body systems are involved in inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide? Answer: circulatory and respiratory
Question: Materials such as carbon and nitrogen go through cycles. The cycling of nitrogen waste materials is mostly dependent upon the role of which factor? Answer: bacteria
Question: Which of these is unique to the process of scientific investigation? Answer: collecting data in an experiment
Question: Which did Thomas Edison invent? Answer: light bulb
Question: If soil is permeable Answer: water easily flows through it.
Question: Sally is making candy on the stove. She places a thermometer in the candy. What is she measuring? Answer: temperature
Question: Anthony and Zach want to know how the temperature of the air affects the temperature of lake water. Which type of tool should they use to measure the temperatures? Answer: thermometer
Question: Which serve as evidence for a scientific theory? Answer: observations
Question: Which of the following identifies the primary function of a radio station tower in a communication system? Answer: transmitter
Question: Down feathers are used by many sleeping bag manufacturers because down feathers are Answer: good insulators.
Question: A farmer sprayed his orange trees with a pesticide to eliminate the insects damaging the trees. Some of the insects survived and produced offspring that were also resistant to the insecticide. Which process is illustrated by the pesticide resistance of the offspring? Answer: natural selection
Question: An elephant is a multicellular organism that weighs about 200 pounds at birth and can grow to weigh as much as 15,000 pounds. What increases as the elephant grows into an adult? Answer: the number of cells in its body
Question: The human body is made up of organ systems that work together as one unit. Which systems work together to prepare and distribute food for cells? Answer: digestive and circulatory
Question: The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. Which organs are used in reproduction? Answer: ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes
Question: Which type of organism is at the lowest level of the food chain? Answer: autotroph
Question: Jake's cats eat food from a can. The cats come running into the kitchen when they hear the electric can opener. Now, each time Jake's mother opens a can of corn, the cats come running. This is an example of Answer: learned behavior
Question: A team of surveyors takes measurements of ground altitude at horizontal intervals of 1 meter over a 400 square meter area. These measurements can best be used to produce which representation of the area? Answer: a topographical map
Question: Some schools have programs to recycle paper products such as student papers, newspapers, and cardboard boxes. Which of these statements describes a positive effect of recycling paper products? Answer: Fewer trees need to be cut.
Question: Light sometimes behaves as waves and other times as particles. Which property of light is equally explainable by treating light as either particles or waves? Answer: reflection of light
Question: The topography of Nevada is dominated by basins and mountain ranges associated with which geological phenomena? Answer: faults
Question: Which biological activity occurs in a repeated rhythm? Answer: breathing
Question: Which model best illustrates the wave property that enables scientists to explore Earth's interior using seismic waves? Answer: shining a light through a prism
Question: In 1933, a hurricane came ashore at Ocean City, Maryland. A hurricane negatively affects a coastline by Answer: causing erosion
Question: Which statement describes the location of our Sun in the universe? Answer: Our Sun is the center of a solar system in the Milky Way galaxy.
Question: Scientists claim that the area around the Grand Canyon was once covered by an ocean. What evidence would support their claim? Answer: Fossils of ocean animals were found at the Grand Canyon.
Question: Which is true of scientific discoveries? Answer: Sometimes scientific discoveries are made by accident, like the discovery of penicillin.
Question: Which is a process that most likely formed the Appalachian Mountains found in the eastern part of North America? Answer: plate tectonics
Question: Which technology used to generate electrical power involves a trade-off between economical electricity and long-term waste disposal problems? Answer: nuclear reactor
Question: All the ponds in an area dried up during a drought. The population of which of the following animals that live in the area is most affected by the drought? Answer: frog
Question: Which substance is usually found in nature as a liquid, solid, and gas? Answer: water
Question: The scientific name for a giraffe is Giraffa camelopardalis. What two levels of classification does this name represent? Answer: genus and species
Question: The Moon has the greatest effect on Earth's Answer: ocean tides
Question: Granite is classified as a rock because it Answer: is made of minerals.
Question: The measure of the amount of light received on Earth from a star is known as Answer: apparent magnitude.
Question: Heat from deep in Earth's interior is transferred to its crust by which of the following? Answer: convection in the mantle
Question: The growth of which of the following usually occurs first in primary succession on a bare rock? Answer: Lichens
Question: The process by which water vapor in the atmosphere cools and becomes a liquid is called Answer: condensation.
Question: A student is dropping objects of various sizes and shapes and recording the time it takes for each object to hit the ground. Which question is the student most likely trying to answer? Answer: Do some objects fall more quickly than others?
Question: Which two processes in the water cycle are primarily responsible for the creation of a lake? Answer: precipitation and runoff
Question: The correct procedure after completing a laboratory experiment is to Answer: collect and store recyclable material.
Question: Which is an example of primary ecological succession? Answer: lichen growth on rocks
Question: What is true of mutualistic relationships among organisms? Answer: The organisms cooperate with each other.
Question: Carolina uses a microscope to view a soil sample taken from her backyard. Which part of the soil would she ONLY be able to see with a microscope? Answer: bacteria
Question: The part of the rock cycle that transforms compressed rock formed from sea organism shells into a harder, denser rock is Answer: sedimentary rock becoming metamorphic rock.
Question: A group of scientists predicts that Earth's oceans will be able to take up more carbon dioxide as atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increase and the atmosphere warms. Which of these statements about the solubility of gases in ocean water would lead you to question this prediction? Answer: Solubility decreases with an increase in temperature.
Question: Which of the following elements is best able to combine with itself and hydrogen [H] to form large molecules? Answer: carbon [C]
Question: Growing thicker fur in the winter helps some animals to Answer: keep warm
Question: Several types of mechanisms in the body regulate the rate of chemical reactions in the digestive system. Among the most important are feedback systems, which control the release rate of Answer: enzymes.
Question: The water in a pond gets colder one night. Which tool is best to observe its temperature change? Answer: thermometer
Question: During subduction, one tectonic plate is forced below another. The subducting plate is forced into the Answer: asthenosphere.
Question: What two gases make up most of the Earth's atmosphere? Answer: Oxygen and nitrogen
Question: A light-year is a measure of Answer: distance.
Question: Some birds live in a forest. If many of the trees in the forest are cut down, the shelter for the birds will Answer: decrease
Question: In the human body, cellular respiration breaks down sugar molecules after they enter the cell. What results from this process? Answer: release of energy
Question: What causes a person to have blue eyes? Answer: receiving a gene for blue eyes from each parent
Question: When an atom loses or gains an electron, it changes Answer: charge.
Question: In which pair of elements are both metalloids? Answer: Sb and Te
Question: Florida has a large supply of phosphate that ancient seas deposited millions of years ago. The phosphate contains the remains of animals that were deposited in layers on the sea floor. Which type of rock did the phosphate become? Answer: organic sedimentary