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[{"docid": 3414210, "type": "text", "content": "# 14. \nExecutive Session\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 29016, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='0' style='font-size:14px'>ATHENS TOWNSHIP SUPERVISORS<br>May 14, 2018 6:00 PM</h1>\n<p id='1' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>C hairman Christine Vough called the meeting to order at 6:06 PM. Supervisors also present<br>were George Ballenstedt, Kirstie Lake and Tressa Heffron. Solicitor John Thompson,<br>Treasurer Ruth Casterline and Secretary Robin Smith were also in attendance. Susan Seck<br>was on vacation. Christine led everyone in the Pledge of Allegiance.</p>\n<p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>V oice of the Residents: None</p>\n<p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>C hairman Vough took the Board into executive session at 6:07 PM for personnel. Roger<br>Clink joined the executive session also. The regular meeting reconvened at 7:42 PM.</p>\n<p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>O n motion of George, second by Kirstie, it was unanimous to move $30,000 in the Act 13<br>Fund from line item 409.732 Township Building Expansion to line item 410.132 Police<br>Wages.</p>\n<p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>C hairman Vough took the board back into executive session for personnel at 7:50 PM.<br>Union rep Belinda Combs joined the Board along with several members of our police<br>department. Robin and Ruth were excused at 8:52 PM. The regular meeting reconvened at<br>9:27 PM. The remaining minutes were taken by George Ballenstedt.</p>\n<p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>O n motion of Kirstie, second by Tressa, it was unanimous to authorize Roger to hire up to 3<br>part-time police officers at $19/hour as per the Memorandum of Understanding executed<br>May 14, 2018.</p>\n<p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>C hairman Vough took the Board back into executive session at 9:33 PM for personnel. The<br>regular meeting reconvened at 10:09 PM.</p>\n<p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>T here being no further business, on motion of George, second by Kirstie, it was unanimous<br>to adjourn the meeting at 10:10 PM.</p>\n<h1 id='9' style='font-size:14px'>Respectfully submitted,</h1>\n<p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Robin L. Smith<br>Athens Township Secretary</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 72573, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='0' style='font-size:14px'>8</header>\n<p id='1' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>privileged communications between a public governmental body or its representatives and its attorneys.</p>\n<p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>L easing, purchase or sale of real estate by a public governmental body where public knowledge of the<br>transaction might adversely affect the legal consideration therefor.</p>\n<h1 id='3' style='font-size:16px'>H e read these into the record.</h1>\n<p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>M otion made by Alderman Frick, seconded by Alderman Nemeth to go into executive session. A roll call<br>vote was taken with the following results: Ayes: Alderman Nemeth, Alderman Adams, Alderman Rahn,<br>Alderman Frick, Alderman Johnson, Alderman Stotler. Nays: none. Whereupon, Mayor Myers declared<br>the motion carried.</p>\n<p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>T he Board went into executive session at 8:23 p.m.</p>\n<h1 id='6' style='font-size:16px'>T he Board reconvened at 9:16 p.m.</h1>\n<h1 id='7' style='font-size:18px'>A djournment</h1>\n<p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>T here being no further business, motion by Alderman Frick, seconded by Alderman Nemeth to adjourn.<br>A voice vote was taken with an affirmative result. The meeting adjourned at 9:16 p.m.</p>\n<h1 id='9' style='font-size:20px'>____________________________</h1>\n<br><h1 id='10' style='font-size:20px'>ATTEST:</h1>\n<br><h1 id='11' style='font-size:20px'>_______________________________</h1>\n<br><h1 id='12' style='font-size:20px'>City Clerk</h1>\n<footer id='13' style='font-size:14px'>Board of Aldermen 2-16-2021</footer>\n<br><footer id='14' style='font-size:20px'>Steve Myers, Mayor</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2104212, "type": "html", "content": "<br><table id='187' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">Name of Members</td><td rowspan=\"2\">Category</td><td colspan=\"2\">No. of Committee Meetings attended during the Financial year 2020-21</td></tr><tr><td>Held</td><td>Attended</td></tr><tr><td>Mr. A. Sen, Chairman upto 17th November 2020</td><td>Independent Non-Executive</td><td>1</td><td>NA</td></tr><tr><td>Mr. H. Bhat, Chairman w.e.f. 18th November 2020</td><td>Non-Independent Non-Executive</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Mr. B. N. Vakil</td><td>Independent Non-Executive</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Mr. J. Merchant#</td><td>Independent Non-Executive</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Mr. Philip N. Auld@</td><td>Non- Independent Executive</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Mr. P. Venkatesalu</td><td>Non- Independent Executive</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='188' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Ceased to be Chairman and Member w.e.f. 18th November 2020<br># Appointed as a Member w.e.f. 18th November 2020<br>@Member upto 30th April 2021</p>\n<footer id='189' style='font-size:18px'>78 ANNUAL REPORT 2020-21</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3385077, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>sessions or other specific meetings required by the Director(s) of those<br>respective programs, as well as all sessions of the Senate (excluding<br>Senate Committee meetings), and members and chairs of Executive<br>Committees and subcommittees, as well as members of<br>University/Presidential Committees, must attend all meetings of these<br>Committees and subcommittees, as well as all Mandatory Events.</p>\n<p id='21' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>b. The chair(s)/director(s) of each First-Year Program shall take<br>attendance at each meeting of their respective Program, and they shall<br>submit this attendance to the Attorney General no later than 24 hours<br>after the conclusion of said meetings.</p>\n<p id='22' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>c. Executive Staff members are not considered to be a part of the<br>Executive Cabinet, and they shall therefore not be required to attend<br>meetings of the Executive Cabinet or sessions of the Senate unless<br>specifically required by the Student Government Association President.</p>\n<p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>305.3 The SGA President, in consultation with the SGA Attorney General,<br>reserves the ability to make optional the attendance of certain members<br>of the Executive Cabinet and/or Staff at certain meetings, events, and/or<br>functions.</p>\n<p id='24' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>a. Cabinet/Staff members shall be notified of optional attendance by the<br>SGA Attorney General, under direction of the SGA President, no later<br>than 24 hours before the date and time of the event except in<br>extenuating circumstances as identified at the discretion of the SGA<br>Attorney General.</p>\n<p id='25' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>b . Unless explicitly notified otherwise, all meetings and obligations that<br>are statutorily required of each officeholder should be presumed to be<br>required.</p>\n<p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>3 05.4 Absences must be submitted, in writing, to the Attorney General no less<br>than 48 hours prior to any time obligation to be considered for an excused<br>absence. Executive Cabinet and Staff members who plan to be absent must<br>also submit this absence, in writing, to their designated Executive-Board<br>breakout leader or program director.</p>\n<p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>a. The Attorney General is required to maintain written documentation<br>regarding absence reasonings, including but not limited to doctors\u2019<br>notes, emails, or written notices.</p>\n<p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\t</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 457141, "type": "html", "content": "<br><header id='51' style='font-size:14px'>Department of Water Supply: 11/27/02, Regular Meeting</header>\n<h1 id='52' style='font-size:18px'>is the notice to go into the executive session, but the issue</h1>\n<h1 id='53' style='font-size:18px'>is on the agenda. Mr. Starr?</h1>\n<h1 id='54' style='font-size:18px'>MR. STARR: Yeah, I'd just like to ask for some</h1>\n<h1 id='55' style='font-size:18px'>clarification about that, because it's something that I have</h1>\n<p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>never seen or participated in before, about going into</p>\n<p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>executive session without having it on the agenda with the</p>\n<h1 id='58' style='font-size:18px'>two-thirds.</h1>\n<p id='59' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>MR. KUSHI: Well, Mr. Chair, Board Member Starr.</p>\n<p id='60' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>It's been our understanding from the OIP, Office of Information</p>\n<p id='61' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Practices, that where an item to be listed on the agenda is</p>\n<p id='62' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>known in advance at the time the agenda is posted that they may</p>\n<footer id='63' style='font-size:14px'>file:///C\|/inetpub/wwwroot/InternetDownloads/Water/Minutes/min021127.html (245 of 284) [8/14/2008 11:58:42 AM]</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2634710, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='0' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(525,84); bottom-right:(688,270)\" /></figure>\n<p id='1' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>ROBERT T. STEPHAN<br>ATTORNEY GENERAL</p>\n<br><h1 id='2' style='font-size:18px'>July 15, 1991</h1>\n<h1 id='3' style='font-size:18px'>ATTORNEY GENERAL OPINION NO. 91- 78</h1>\n<p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Evelyn Zabel Wilson<br>Oberlin City Attorney<br>P.O. Box 267<br>Oberlin, Kansas 67749</p>\n<br><h1 id='5' style='font-size:18px'>Re:</h1>\n<br><p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>State Departments; Public Officers and Employees --<br>Public Officers and Employees; Open Public Meetings<br>-- Executive Sessions; Contents of Motion</p>\n<br><p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Synopsis: K.S.A. 75-4319(a)(1) and (2) require that the<br>motion to go into an executive session contain a<br>statement concerning the subject and the<br>justification for the executive session. In our<br>opinion the justification statement should be more<br>than a reiteration of the subject. The KOMA does<br>not require the justification statement to be so<br>detailed that it negates the usefulness of an<br>executive session. However, K.S.A. 75-4319(a)(2)<br>requires a justification statement to be contained<br>in the motion and it is our opinion that this<br>statement should explain why an executive session<br>is necessary or desirable. Such a motion gives the<br>public assurances that the executive session is<br>permissible and in the public interest, and may<br>remind the members of the public body of the<br>limitations upon and purpose served by the<br>executive session discussion. Cited herein:<br>K.S.A. 75-4319.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2634705, "type": "text", "content": "ROBERT T. STEPHAN \nATTORNEY GENERAL\n\n\n \n\n# July 15, 1991\n\n\n# ATTORNEY GENERAL OPINION NO. 91- 78\n\n\nEvelyn Zabel Wilson \nOberlin City Attorney \nP.O. Box 267 \nOberlin, Kansas 67749\n\n\n \n\n# Re:\n\n\n \n\nState Departments; Public Officers and Employees -- \nPublic Officers and Employees; Open Public Meetings \n\\-- Executive Sessions; Contents of Motion\n\n\n \n\nSynopsis: K.S.A. 75-4319(a)(1) and (2) require that the \nmotion to go into an executive session contain a \nstatement concerning the subject and the \njustification for the executive session. In our \nopinion the justification statement should be more \nthan a reiteration of the subject. The KOMA does \nnot require the justification statement to be so \ndetailed that it negates the usefulness of an \nexecutive session. However, K.S.A. 75-4319(a)(2) \nrequires a justification statement to be contained \nin the motion and it is our opinion that this \nstatement should explain why an executive session \nis necessary or desirable. Such a motion gives the \npublic assurances that the executive session is \npermissible and in the public interest, and may \nremind the members of the public body of the \nlimitations upon and purpose served by the \nexecutive session discussion. Cited herein: \nK.S.A. 75-4319.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2145163, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='8' style='font-size:20px'>33</header>\n<p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(</p>\n<br><h1 id='10' style='font-size:22px'>\"</h1>\n<br><table id='11' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td>1</td><td>CHAIR KAUFMAN: Randol, you are recognized.</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>BOARD MEMBER LEACH: With reference to the agenda</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>items listed below, one or more executive meetings are</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>anticipated. In particular, the Board of Ethics anticipates</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>it will consider the evaluation, dismissal or disciplining</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>of an officer or employee of the County of Maui where</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>considerations of matters affecting privacy will be</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>involved. The Board may also consult with the Board's</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>attorney on questions and issues pertaining to the Board's</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>powers, duties, privileges, immunities and liabilities.</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>Therefore, pursuant to the Hawaii Revised Statutes HRS</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>Sections 92-5(a)2 and 4, the following items may be</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>considered in executive session.</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>The Board may also convene in adjudicatory session</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>pursuant to HRS Section 92-6, and specifically to address</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>under old business a financial disclosure and correspondence</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>from Patients Without Time, and under new business,</td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>financial disclosures and correspondence from Evalina</td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>Watanabe.</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>CHAIR KAUFMAN: Is there a second?</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>BOARD MEMBER BOUCHARD: Second.</td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>CHAIR KAUFMAN: All in favor?</td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td>(A chorus of aye's.)</td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>(Whereupon, the Board went into Executive</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>Session. )</td></tr></table>\n<footer id='12' style='font-size:16px'>IWADO COURT REPORTERS (SOS) 244-9300</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2454298, "type": "text", "content": "# [00:09:18] James Malcolm\n\n\n \n\nI have a motion by Rick James to accept Rick Jones, to accept this as\npresented to have a second?\n\n\n[00:09:24] Faye Storms \nI'll second.\n\n\n[00:09:24] James Malcolm \nThank you Faye. Anyone on the question. All those in favor.\n\n\n[00:09:30] All \nAye.\n\n\n# [00:09:32] James Malcolm\n\n\n \n\nOpposed. Thank you. At this time, we're going to go into executive session for\napproximately 30 minutes. And what do we normally \nsay before we go in Rose?\n\n\n# [00:09:43] Rose Woodworth\n\n\n \n\nSo we'll need a motion to go in. But the but it's for the advice of counsel\nfor this one.\n\n\n[00:09:48] James Malcolm \nSo I need a motion for concurrence with that motion.\n\n\n[00:09:52] Daniel Savona \nI'll make a motion.\n\n\n[00:09:52] James Malcolm \nOK, can I have a second.\n\n\n[00:09:56] Richard Jones \nI'll Second.\n\n\n[00:09:57] James Malcolm \nThank you, Rick. All those in favor.\n\n\n[00:10:01] All \nAye.\n\n\n[00:10:02] James Malcolm \nCarried. Thank you.\n\n\n[00:10:03] Rose Woodworth \nSo anybody joining?\n\n\nEND OF TRANSCRIPT\n\n\nAutomated transcription by Sonix \nwww.sonix.ai\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	How many individuals attended the executive sessions, knowing that some attendees were not named explicitly?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 22, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 470348, "type": "text", "content": "recommended VSLs for Requirements R1 and R2 and directed that it be filed with \napplicable regulatory authorities.\n\n\n# Respectfully submitted,\n\n\n63\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 461589, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(IV) ON OR BEFORE AN APPLICATION DEADLINE, AN APPLICANT MAY<br>SUBMIT A NATIONAL ASSESSMENT TEST SCORE TO A STATE-SUPPORTED<br>BACCALAUREATE AND GRADUATE INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION THAT<br>DOES NOT REQUIRE A NATIONAL ASSESSMENT TEST SCORE AS AN ELIGIBILITY<br>CRITERION AND REQUEST THAT THE INSTITUTION CONSIDER THE NATIONAL<br>ASSESSMENT TEST SCORE. THE INSTITUTION SHALL CONSIDER A NATIONAL<br>TEST SCORE SUBMISSION PURSUANT TO THIS SUBSECTION (1)(b)(IV) AS A<br>PART OF THE ADMISSION DECISION FOR THE APPLICANT.</p>\n<p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(10.5) (a) ON OR BEFORE JUNE 30,2023, AND ON OR BEFORE JUNE 30<br>EACH YEAR THEREAFTER, THE DEPARTMENT SHALL PUBLISH AND SUBMIT TO<br>THE EDUCATION COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AND THE<br>SENATE, OR ANY SUCCESSOR COMMITTEES, AN ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE<br>PREVIOUS ACADEMIC YEAR. THE DATA ELEMENTS IN THE REPORT ARE<br>INTENDED TO DETERMINE WHETHER REQUIRING OR NOT REQUIRING A<br>NATIONAL ASSESSMENT TEST SCORE AS AN ELIGIBILITY CRITERION FOR THE<br>ADMISSIONS PROCESS FOR STATE-SUPPORTED BACCALAUREATE AND<br>GRADUATE INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDES GREATER<br>DIVERSITY AMONG INSTITUTIONS WITHOUT CAUSING NEGATIVE STUDENT<br>OUTCOMES THAT ARE DIRECTLY ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE CHANGE IN THE<br>ADMISSIONS PROCESS. THE REPORT MUST SPECIFY:</p>\n<p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(I) THE INSTITUTIONS THAT REQUIRED, AND THE INSTITUTIONS THAT<br>DID NOT REQUIRE, A NATIONAL ASSESSMENT TEST SCORE AS AN ELIGIBILITY<br>CRITERION FOR THE PREVIOUS ACADEMIC YEAR'S FIRST-TIME FRESHMAN<br>STUDENTS;</p>\n<p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(II) THE PERCENTAGE OF FIRST-TIME FRESHMAN STUDENTS WHO<br>SUBMITTED A NATIONAL ASSESSMENT TEST SCORE AND THE PERCENTAGE OF<br>FIRST-TIME FRESHMAN STUDENTS WHO DID NOT SUBMIT A NATIONAL<br>ASSESSMENT TEST SCORE, REPORTED FOR THE STATE AS A WHOLE AND FOR<br>EACH INSTITUTION, IN TOTAL AND DISAGGREGATED BY RACE, ETHNICITY,<br>AND GENDER;</p>\n<p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(III) THE PERCENTAGE OF FIRST-TIME FRESHMAN STUDENTS WHO<br>SUBMITTED A NATIONAL ASSESSMENT TEST SCORE AND ENROLLED IN AN<br>INSTITUTION AND THE PERCENTAGE OF FIRST-TIME FRESHMAN STUDENTS<br>WHO DID NOT SUBMIT A NATIONAL ASSESSMENT TEST SCORE AND ENROLLED<br>IN AN INSTITUTION, REPORTED FOR THE STATE AS A WHOLE AND FOR EACH<br>INSTITUTION, IN TOTAL AND DISAGGREGATED BY RACE, ETHNICITY, AND</p>\n<p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>PAGE 3-HOUSE BILL 21-1067</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1947435, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='12' style='font-size:22px'>APPLICATION FOR CREDENTIAL AUTHORIZING PUBLIC SCHOOL SERVICE</h1>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(For Privacy Act Notification see Application Instructions)</p>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\uf020</p>\n<br><table id='15' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>Mail application and payment (check or money order) to:</td><td>Appeal:__________________ Route to: ________________</td></tr><tr><td>Commission on Teacher Credentialing</td><td>\uf020</td></tr><tr><td>Certification Division 1900 Capitol Avenue</td><td>IHE/County/District Use Only</td></tr><tr><td>Sacramento, California 95811-4213</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Commission Use Only: Fee Information</td><td>Issuance</td></tr><tr><td>APP FP Other</td><td>Date:____________________________</td></tr><tr><td>1. PERSONAL INFORMATION (type or print)</td><td>Email:____________________________ CTC Use Only</td></tr></table>\n<table id='16' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>Social Security or Individual Tax Identification</td><td>Number: Date of Birth: (mm/dd/yyyy)</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">My Full Legal Name: __________________________\\_________________________\\________________________________</td></tr><tr><td>First Middle</td><td>Last County/District of Employment</td></tr><tr><td>All Former/Maiden Name(s): Address:</td><td>(CA only): IHE/County/District Use Only</td></tr><tr><td>City:</td><td>State: Zip:</td></tr><tr><td>Home Phone:</td><td>Work Phone: Mobile Phone: Issuance</td></tr><tr><td>Email Address:</td><td>Date:__________________</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>2. APPLICATION TYPE REQUESTED: (select only one option)</p>\n<br><p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>* = Required Information</p>\n<br><p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>E-Mail Address:</p>\n<br><p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>CCTC Use Only ________________</p>\n<br><p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>New Credential/Permit Extension by Appeal Upgrade (Clear Credential or Child Development Permit) Renewal</p>\n<p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Add Subject/Authorization to Existing Document Change of Restriction Other:</p>\n<p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>3. CHOOSE DOCUMENT TYPE: (make only one selection in this section)</p>\n<br><p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>* = Available at the request of a California Local Education Agency (LEA) only. Documents in bold font require you to<br>select from Section 4 below a Subject or Authorized Area of Service to be listed on the document.</p>\n<br><table id='25' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td>TEACHING CREDENTIALS: Single Subject Multiple Subject Education Specialist Career Technical (CTE) Adult Education Other: ____________________</td><td>SERVICES CREDENTIALS: Administrative Pupil Personnel Speech-Language Pathology Teacher Librarian School Nurse Other: __________________</td><td>EMERGENCY PERMITS: Limited Assignment Short-Term Staff* Provisional Internship* EM CLAD* EM Bilingual* EM Teacher Librarian* EM Resource Specialist</td><td>SUBSTITUTE PERMITS: 30-Day Substitute Career Substitute Prospective Substitute Teaching Permit for Statutory Leave* 30-Day CTE Substitute</td><td>CHILD DEVELOPMENT PERMITS: Assistant Associate Teacher Teacher Master Teacher Site Supervisor Program Director Children's Center Permit School-Age Emphasis</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>4. SELECT AUTHORIZATION/SUBJECT AREA(S): (to choose additional subject areas, see page 5 \u201cComments\u201d box)</p>\n<figure><img id='27' style='font-size:16px' alt=\"Multiple Subject (Elementary Teaching)\nSingle Subject (Secondary Teaching):\n(Specify World Language-if applicable)\nSpecial Education Specialty Areas:\nCTE Industry Sector:\nAdult Education Subjects:\" data-coord=\"top-left:(79,1270); bottom-right:(421,1533)\" /></figure>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 261993, "type": "text", "content": "# Application For \nAdmission 2021-2022\n\n\n# Student Information\n\n\nGulf Coast Classical will require a family interview and brief student\nassessment (or official report card / test scores) \nprior to admission. I understand these requirements and wish to make\napplication for my children. The information \nprovided is complete and accurate. Please sign below.\n\n\nF ather: _______________________________ Mother:\n____________________________Today\u2019s Date: __________\n\n\nPrint and submit fully completed form to info@gulfcoastclassical.org.\n\n\n \n\nBethel Lutheran Church 3166 McMullen Booth Rd Clearwater, Florida 33761\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1778428, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='10' style='font-size:20px'>SELECTIVE HIGH SCHOOL APPLICATION UPDATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2021-2022</header>\n<table id='11' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>SCHOOLS</td><td colspan=\"3\">APPLICATION COMONENTS[1]</td><td>ADMISSIONS PROCESS[2]</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>REPORT CARD</td><td>ESSAY</td><td>RECOMMENDATIONS (Completed online through the My School DC application.)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bard High School Early College (Bard DC)</td><td>Final SY19-20 and SY20-21 First Quarter required for 11th graders only GPA of 2.0 or above recommended</td><td>Yes[3]</td><td>Math teacher; English teacher</td><td>Application review; Individual interview</td></tr><tr><td>Benjamin Banneker High School</td><td>Final SY19-20 and SY20-21 First Quarter</td><td>Yes</td><td>English teacher; Math teacher; Counselor</td><td>Application review; Family interview</td></tr><tr><td>Columbia Heights Education Campus</td><td>Final SY19-20 and SY20-21 First Quarter Attendance should be included on report card</td><td>No[4]</td><td>English teacher; Math teacher</td><td>Application review; Individual interview</td></tr><tr><td>Duke Ellington School of the Arts</td><td>Final SY19-20 and SY20-21 First Quarter Attendance should be included on report card</td><td>Yes[5]</td><td>Math teacher; Art teacher (or other); Counselor</td><td>Application review; Audition; Academic placement assessment; Family interview</td></tr><tr><td>Early College Academy @Coolidge</td><td>Final SY19-20 and SY20-21 First Quarter</td><td>Yes</td><td>English teacher; Math teacher</td><td>Application review; Family interview</td></tr><tr><td>McKinley Technology High School</td><td>Final SY19-20 and SY20-21 First Quarter GPA of 3.0 or above recommended</td><td>Yes Completed during McKinley Tech interview, not through the My School DC application.</td><td>English teacher; Math teacher; Counselor</td><td>Application review; Individual interview (essay conducted as part of interview)</td></tr><tr><td>Phelps Architecture, Construction, and Engineering High School</td><td>Final SY19-20 and SY20-21 First Quarter Attendance should be included on report card</td><td>Yes</td><td>English teacher; Math teacher</td><td>Application review; Family interview</td></tr><tr><td>School Without Walls High School</td><td>Final SY19-20 and SY20-21 First Quarter GPA of 3.0 or above required on SY19- 20 Final Report Card.</td><td>No</td><td>None</td><td>Application review; Student & Parent interviews</td></tr></table>\n<p id='12' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>[ 1] PARCC scores will not be required as part of admissions for SY2021-22.<br>[2] Visit MySchoolDC.org for more detailed information about schools\u2019 admissions processes.<br>[3] Students who already provided a writing sample at one of the Bard DC Fall 2020 open houses will not need to provide an essay in the application.<br>[4] Applicants are required to complete a student interest survey through the My School DC application.<br>[5] Two programs at Duke Ellington School of the Arts (DESA) require additional information to be provided. Please visit MySchoolDC.org for more information.</p>\n<p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>1 200 F ir st Str eet, NE \| Washington , DC 20002 \| T 202.442.5885 \| F 202.442.5026 \| dcps.dc.gov</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3186694, "type": "text", "content": "# 3.7 Prequalification Criteria\n\n\n \n\nRequired Information Form Type Points Score\n\n\n \n\n1\\. Registration Documentation PQ-1 35 \n2\\. Pre-qualification Data PQ-2 20 \n3\\. Supervisory Personnel PQ-3 10 \n4\\. Financial Position PQ-4 10 \n5\\. Confidential Report PQ-5 10 \n6\\. Past Experience PQ-6 15\n\n\n \n\n# TOTAL 100\n\n\n \n\n3.8 The qualification is 70 points and over, however, Century may, at its own\nand absolute \ndiscretion alter the pass mark, either upwards or downwards, in all or some of\nthe \ncategories. Such decision by Century shall not be subject to challenge\nwhatsoever.\n\n\n \n\n# FORM PQ-1 PRE-QUALIFICATION DOCUMENTS\n\n\n \n\n# All bidders must provide:-\n\n\n \n\n1\\. Certified Copy/copies of document/s of Registration. \n2\\. Certified Copy of VAT Registration Certificate. \n3\\. A Tax Compliance Certificate (Bidders are requested to note that failure\nto \nproduce this certificate will lead to automatic disqualification without\nfurther \nevaluation of the application). \n4\\. A Copy of PIN Certificate of firm and/or Company. \n5\\. A copy of current Trade License, where applicable. \n6\\. Any other legal/professional certification required for the\ncategory/categories \napplied for \n(35 points)\n\n\nNOTE: Expired Documents are deemed NOT-ATTACHED\n\n\n9\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 461582, "type": "text", "content": "(IV) ON OR BEFORE AN APPLICATION DEADLINE, AN APPLICANT MAY \nSUBMIT A NATIONAL ASSESSMENT TEST SCORE TO A STATE-SUPPORTED \nBACCALAUREATE AND GRADUATE INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION THAT \nDOES NOT REQUIRE A NATIONAL ASSESSMENT TEST SCORE AS AN ELIGIBILITY \nCRITERION AND REQUEST THAT THE INSTITUTION CONSIDER THE NATIONAL \nASSESSMENT TEST SCORE. THE INSTITUTION SHALL CONSIDER A NATIONAL \nTEST SCORE SUBMISSION PURSUANT TO THIS SUBSECTION (1)(b)(IV) AS A \nPART OF THE ADMISSION DECISION FOR THE APPLICANT.\n\n\n(10.5) (a) ON OR BEFORE JUNE 30,2023, AND ON OR BEFORE JUNE 30 \nEACH YEAR THEREAFTER, THE DEPARTMENT SHALL PUBLISH AND SUBMIT TO \nTHE EDUCATION COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AND THE \nSENATE, OR ANY SUCCESSOR COMMITTEES, AN ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE \nPREVIOUS ACADEMIC YEAR. THE DATA ELEMENTS IN THE REPORT ARE \nINTENDED TO DETERMINE WHETHER REQUIRING OR NOT REQUIRING A \nNATIONAL ASSESSMENT TEST SCORE AS AN ELIGIBILITY CRITERION FOR THE \nADMISSIONS PROCESS FOR STATE-SUPPORTED BACCALAUREATE AND \nGRADUATE INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDES GREATER \nDIVERSITY AMONG INSTITUTIONS WITHOUT CAUSING NEGATIVE STUDENT \nOUTCOMES THAT ARE DIRECTLY ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE CHANGE IN THE \nADMISSIONS PROCESS. THE REPORT MUST SPECIFY:\n\n\n(I) THE INSTITUTIONS THAT REQUIRED, AND THE INSTITUTIONS THAT \nDID NOT REQUIRE, A NATIONAL ASSESSMENT TEST SCORE AS AN ELIGIBILITY \nCRITERION FOR THE PREVIOUS ACADEMIC YEAR'S FIRST-TIME FRESHMAN \nSTUDENTS;\n\n\n(II) THE PERCENTAGE OF FIRST-TIME FRESHMAN STUDENTS WHO \nSUBMITTED A NATIONAL ASSESSMENT TEST SCORE AND THE PERCENTAGE OF \nFIRST-TIME FRESHMAN STUDENTS WHO DID NOT SUBMIT A NATIONAL \nASSESSMENT TEST SCORE, REPORTED FOR THE STATE AS A WHOLE AND FOR \nEACH INSTITUTION, IN TOTAL AND DISAGGREGATED BY RACE, ETHNICITY, \nAND GENDER;\n\n\n(III) THE PERCENTAGE OF FIRST-TIME FRESHMAN STUDENTS WHO \nSUBMITTED A NATIONAL ASSESSMENT TEST SCORE AND ENROLLED IN AN \nINSTITUTION AND THE PERCENTAGE OF FIRST-TIME FRESHMAN STUDENTS \nWHO DID NOT SUBMIT A NATIONAL ASSESSMENT TEST SCORE AND ENROLLED \nIN AN INSTITUTION, REPORTED FOR THE STATE AS A WHOLE AND FOR EACH \nINSTITUTION, IN TOTAL AND DISAGGREGATED BY RACE, ETHNICITY, AND\n\n\nPAGE 3-HOUSE BILL 21-1067\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2503113, "type": "html", "content": "<table id='0' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td colspan=\"2\">DACA Graduate Student Documents</td><td>Included</td><td>Not Applicable</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">1</td><td>Resume or CV (curriculum vitae)</td><td rowspan=\"2\">\u2610</td><td rowspan=\"2\"></td></tr><tr><td>1.1 This should include your employment and education history</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">2</td><td>Proof of DACA Status USCIS Form I-797 response</td><td rowspan=\"2\">\u2610</td><td rowspan=\"2\"></td></tr><tr><td>2.1 You can submit a screenshot of the document</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">3</td><td>Standardized test scores (GRE, GMAT, LSAT, MCAT, NBDE)</td><td rowspan=\"2\">\u2610</td><td rowspan=\"2\"></td></tr><tr><td>3.1 These exams are different from the English proficiency exam (see #4)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">4</td><td>English proficiency exam scores (TOEFL / IELTS) or waiver from university</td><td rowspan=\"2\">\u2610</td><td rowspan=\"2\">\u2610</td></tr><tr><td>4.1 Not applicable if your passport or permanent residency is in a country that recognizes English as a main language 4.2 Not applicable if you attended high school or undergraduate in an English speaking country. You must send your diploma or transcripts from these institution to satisfy this requirement</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">5</td><td>Admission letter Admission letter to the school where you will use this loan</td><td rowspan=\"2\">\u2610</td><td rowspan=\"2\">\u2610</td></tr><tr><td>5.1 We need a copy of your admission letter if you have not started your program 5.2 Not applicable if you are going into your second semester or more since you must send current transcripts instead (please send #51)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">6</td><td>Past transcripts and/or diploma from previous universities</td><td rowspan=\"2\">\u2610</td><td rowspan=\"2\"></td></tr><tr><td>6.1 If you attended a university outside the United States, a diploma is sufficient from that institution 6.2 If you attended university within the United States, you must send transcripts which shows your name, your school name, your grades, and your GPA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">7</td><td>Estimated cost of attendance or program financial summary (This is the total cost you will pay to complete your program</td><td rowspan=\"2\">\u2610</td><td rowspan=\"2\">\u2610</td></tr><tr><td>7.1 A screenshot from your university website is acceptable 7.2 Not applicable if you are going into your second semester or more; please submit item #50 instead</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">8</td><td>Secondary photo ID Employment Authorization Card with designated category, passport, driver's license, national ID, voter\u2019s ID or other government issued ID</td><td rowspan=\"2\">\u2610</td><td rowspan=\"2\"></td></tr><tr><td>8.1 Please submit a valid, unexpired photo ID.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">9</td><td>Supporting evidence for the funds you listed in your application Bank statements, scholarships, salary evidence, internships</td><td rowspan=\"2\">\u2610</td><td rowspan=\"2\"></td></tr><tr><td>9.1 Financial statements must be dated within the last 30 days 9.2 Bank statements must have your name; if they do not have your name, please send item #70</td></tr></table>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1403034, "type": "text", "content": "12\\. Planning Application Requirements - Checklist\n\n\n \n\nPleese read the following checklist to make sure you have sent all the\ninformation in support of your proposal. Failure to submit all \ni' )mationrequiredwillresultinyourapplicationbeingdeemedinvalid. ltwill\nnotbeconsideredvaliduntil allinformationrequiredby \ntr,- Local Planning Authority has beensubmitted.\n\n\n \n\nThe original and 3 copies of a \ncompleied and dated application form: l{\n\n\n \n\nof a pran which \nIll\"^3,:igig:,11J:o.?i,\", application \nidentifies the land to which the \n\|it:\"'Xti,{i;:ilJ$1ff:i,i:Xi,\n\n\n \n\nThe original and.3-copies of other plans \nand drawings or information necessaryto \ndescribe the subject ofthe application:\n\n\n \n\nThe original and 3 copies ofa\n\n\n \n\ndesign and access statement if\n\n\n \n\n# H:33..'r\"r1,:;'i;fl'*itn'' '\n\n\n \n\nW;; i;;it;g; iit., o,\" relate to a _\n\n\n \n\n# v i';;;B; idiis\n\n\n \n\n# The correct fee:\n\n\n \n\nI\n\n\nrhe originat and 3 copies or the \n.ompteied, dated Ownership \nC'eititicate lngricultural Holdings):\n\n\n \n\nV\n\n\n \n\ng\n\n\n# 13\\. Declaration\n\n\n \n\nl/rye hereby apply for planning permission/consent as described in this form\nand the accompanying plans/drawings and additional \ninformation. l/we confirrn that, to the best of my/our knowledge, any facts\nstated are true and accurate and a ny opinions given are the \ngenuine opinions of the person(s) givingthem\n\n\n \n\nSigned - Applicantr Or signed - Agent: Date (DD/\n\n\n \n\n# 16\\. Site Visit\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1947439, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>f. Have you ever had any professional or vocational (not teaching or educational) license revoked, denied, suspended,<br>and/or otherwise subjected to any other disciplinary action (including an action that was stayed) in California or any<br>other state or place?</p>\n<br><h1 id='88' style='font-size:20px'>Yes No</h1>\n<p id='89' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>7. CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT MANDATED REPORTING</p>\n<br><p id='90' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>As a documentholder authorized to work with children, it is part of my professional and ethical duty to report every<br>instance of child abuse or neglect known or suspected to have occurred to a child with whom I have professional contact.</p>\n<p id='91' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>I understand that I must report immediately, or as soon as practicably possible, by telephone to a law enforcement<br>agency or a child protective agency, and will send a written report and any evidence relating to the incident within 36<br>hours of becoming aware of the abuse or neglect of the child.</p>\n<p id='92' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>I understand that reporting the information regarding a case of possible child abuse or neglect to an employer, supervisor,<br>school principal, school counselor, coworker, or other person is not a substitute for making a mandated report to a law<br>enforcement agency or a child protective agency.</p>\n<p id='93' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>I understand that the reporting duties are individual and no supervisor or administrator may impede or inhibit my<br>reporting duties.</p>\n<p id='94' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>I understand that once I submit a report, I am not required to disclose my identity to my employer.</p>\n<br><p id='95' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>I understand that my failure to report an instance of suspected child abuse or neglect as required by the Child Abuse and<br>Neglect Reporting Act under Section 11166 of the Penal Code is a misdemeanor punishable by up to six months in jail or<br>by a fine of one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.</p>\n<br><p id='96' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>I acknowledge and certify that as a documentholder, I will fulfill all the duties required of a mandated reporter.</p>\n<p id='97' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>I agree</p>\n<h1 id='98' style='font-size:16px'>8. EMPLOYING AGENCY INFORMATION</h1>\n<p id='99' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>This section must be completed for all credential, certificate, and permit types where service is restricted to an employing agency.</p>\n<h1 id='100' style='font-size:14px'>County CDS Code</h1>\n<br><p id='101' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>_________________________________ ______________________________</p>\n<br><p id='102' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>School District CDS Code</p>\n<p id='103' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Charter School/Non-Public School or Agency/Statewide Agency Name</p>\n<br><p id='104' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>____________________________________________</p>\n<p id='105' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Applications for One-year Nonrenewable Credentials, Provisional Internship Permits, Short-Term Staff Permits, Limited Assignment<br>Permits, and Emergency Permits (except 30-Day or Prospective Substitute Teaching Permits), must be filed through the employing<br>agency. Employers must have an annual Declaration of Need for Fully Qualified Educators on file with the Commission prior to the<br>submission of any applications for Limited Assignment or Emergency Permits.</p>\n<p id='106' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Before submitting, please review the application for completeness:</p>\n<br><p id='107' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>1) Personal information with correct SSN, date of birth, and email address filled in on page 1<br>2) Type of credential clearly marked on page 1 (use box below for additional subject/authorization requests)<br>3) All Professional Fitness Questions marked Yes or No on pages 3 and 4<br>4) Read and agreed to your responsibilities as a mandated reporter<br>5) Payment (check or money order attached to the front of this form). See Credential Leaflet CL-659 for fee<br>schedule.</p>\n<figure><img id='108' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(576,1549); bottom-right:(675,1639)\" /></figure>\n<br><footer id='109' style='font-size:14px'>FORM 41-4 (REV. 7/2019)</footer>\n<br><footer id='110' style='font-size:14px'>4</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Consider the application requires the submission of a report card and test scores from two different authorities. How many documents in total are required if each authority provides three types of reports?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 30, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["tabular reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 11112, "type": "html", "content": "<figure data-category='chart'><img id='10' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"April 2020 Continuous Monitoring Well # 5803702\n(Gault Site - Williamson County)\nEdwards Aquifer\nLast 30 Days\n1 Year\nPeriod Of Record\" data-coord=\"top-left:(98,45); bottom-right:(1119,1575)\" /></figure>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 275498, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='29' style='font-size:14px'>EBA Project Number: 1260002.004 - 141-</header>\n<br><header id='30' style='font-size:14px'>March 2006</header>\n<h1 id='31' style='font-size:14px'>Additional Analytical Results</h1>\n<p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>A water sample was obtained from the Ogilvie Living Complex during the water<br>system assessment on August 18, 2005, and was submitted to ALS Environmental<br>in Vancouver BC for analysis. Since both buildings are now plumbed into this<br>well, water quality results are relevant for both buildings. Results are summarized<br>in Table 2661/2665-2 in Appendix A21 and the laboratory reports are included in<br>Appendix B.</p>\n<h1 id='33' style='font-size:14px'>2 1.3.3 Indicators of Potential Contamination</h1>\n<p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Chloride, nitrate and nitrite concentrations can indicate impacts from surface water<br>sources or septic waste. The chloride concentrations were relatively low and are<br>likely within the normal background range for groundwater in the area. Nitrate and<br>nitrite concentrations for this sample are also low and likely within the normal<br>background range for this area. Monitoring of these indicator parameters over time<br>for trends is recommended.</p>\n<h1 id='35' style='font-size:14px'>21.4 Conceptual Hydrogeology</h1>\n<p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>T he well that supplies this system is a shallow dug well. The well completion depth<br>is approximately 5.6 m below grade and the static water level is 3.6 m below grade.<br>Although there is no information available to review lithology, the shallow depth of<br>the well indicates that the aquifer is vulnerable to surficial sources of<br>contamination. The well is most likely completed within an unconfined aquifer<br>with a static water level similar to the Ogilvie River water level. Water levels in the<br>well are most likely connected to water levels in the Ogilvie River. The abandoned<br>well in the grader station maintenance garage has a similar completion depth and<br>static water level. The shallow depth of the well and close proximity to the Ogilvie<br>River indicate that the well is potentially under the direct influence of surface water.<br>The expected direction of groundwater flow is east to northeast towards the Ogilvie<br>River.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 11111, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='8' style='font-size:14px'>April 2020</h1>\n<br><figure data-category='chart'><img id='9' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"Continuous Monitoring Well # 5803701\n(Gault Site - Williamson County)\nMiddle Trinity Aquifer\nLast 30 Days\n1 Year\nPeriod Of Record\" data-coord=\"top-left:(94,60); bottom-right:(1113,1582)\" /></figure>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1996172, "type": "text", "content": "Design Guideline for Gravity Systems in Soil Type 1 \nEffective Date: February 2017\n\n\n# Determine the Upper-Most Aquifer\n\n\n \n\nThe first step in the hydrogeologic review is to determine the location of the\nupper most aquifer. \nThe upper most aquifer is defined as the shallowest saturated zone that can\nyield sufficient water \nto support a beneficial use. A beneficial use can be drinking water,\nirrigation, recharge to \nsurface water or recharge to a deeper aquifer. The upper most aquifer can be\nshallow, deep, \nperched, confined, or unconfined. Some saturated zones have an insufficient\nquantity of water to \nsupport a beneficial use and do not meet the definition of an aquifer. These\nzones are isolated \nfrom an aquifer and can be seasonal or due to irrigation. Before deciding if a\nsaturated zone \nmeets the definition of an aquifer, the health officer should have knowledge\nas to whether the \nsaturated zone can or cannot support a beneficial use. The health officer\nshould also know \nwhether contamination of these zones will pose a risk to public health. If the\nhealth officer is \nunsure, they should consider the saturated zone the uppermost aquifer.\n\n\n \n\nA representative well log is often the best source of information for locating\nthe upper most \naquifer. Locate the upper most aquifer by finding the first mention of \u201cwater\u201d\nor \u201cwet\u201d in the \n\u201cdescription of material\u201d section (the term \u201cmoist\u201d usually does not indicate\na saturated zone). \nGenerally, this will be the uppermost aquifer unless it meets the requirements\nfor perched or \nseasonal zone as described above. On Well Log #1 (page 13), the upper most\naquifer is from 8 \nto 129 feet. On Well Log #2 (page 14), the upper most aquifer extends from 250\nto 275 feet. On \nWell Log #3 (page 15), the upper most aquifer begins at 170 feet.\n\n\n \n\n# Confined and Unconfined Aquifers\n\n\n \n\nThe second step in the hydrogeology review is to determine if the uppermost\naquifer is a \nconfined or unconfined aquifer. For the purpose of this guidance, the terms\n\u201cconfined\u201d and \n\u201cunconfined\u201d aquifer will be used. In actual settings, many \u201cconfined\u201d\naquifers are only \nsemi-confined.\n\n\n \n\n# Confined Aquifer Sites\n\n\nA confined aquifer has an overlying impervious layer which separates the\naquifer from the \nsurface. A confined aquifer will provide physical protection to the aquifer\nfrom surface sources \nof contamination. When a well is drilled into the confined aquifer, water\nrises in the well to \nsome level above the lowermost level of the confining layer. This is called\nthe static water level \nand is shown on the well log.\n\n\n \n\nConfining layers are identified by their density, thickness, soil texture,\nlevel of saturation, and \ngravel content. Several confining layers can exist above an aquifer. When\nreviewing a well log \nfor a confining layer, look for terms such as such as clay, hardpan,\ncompacted, cemented, till and \nbedrock that is solid, hard, or massive. Fractured or weathered bedrock is not\na confining layer. \nThe presence of gravel in any layer, except compacted till, means the layer is\ntoo permeable to be \nconsidered a confining layer. A wet layer is not considered a confining layer\nregardless of the \nmaterials. The confining layer (as defined above) must be 20 feet thick or\ngreater and the \nuppermost aquifer must be encountered at least 50 feet deep (as recorded under\nmaterials - not the \nstatic water level).\n\n\nDOH 337-003\n\n\n \nPage 8 of 15\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3453984, "type": "text", "content": "# Section 11.7 Determination of Groundwater Quality\n\n\n(11.7.1) Water quality analysis. Water samples shall be collected for chemical \nlaboratory analysis during the aquifer test or well performance test. Samples\nshould \nbe collected after Temperature, Conductivity, and pH values can be considered \n\u201cstable\u201d as defined by section (11.7.1 C) below. Ideally samples should be\ncollected \ntoward the end of the pumping phase of the test. Samples shall be collected\nfrom \neach aquifer being considered for water supply for the proposed project.\n\n\nA. For proposed subdivisions where the anticipated method of water \ndelivery is from an expansion of an existing public water supply \nsystem or a new public water supply system, the samples shall be \nsubmitted for bacterial and chemical analysis as required by 30 \nTexas Administrative Code, Chapter 290, Subchapter F (relating to \nDrinking Water Standards Governing Drinking Water Quality and \nReporting Requirements For Public Water Supply Systems).\n\n\nB. Water samples collected under Section 11.7 shall be analyzed for \nthe following:\n\n\n1) calcium; \n2) magnesium; \n3) manganese; \n4) iron; \n5) potassium; \n6) chloride; \n7) sodium; \n8) fluoride; \n9) silica \n10) sulfate \n11)nitrate (as nitrogen) \n12)bicarbonate \n13)carbonate \n14)conductivity; \n15)pH; \n16)total hardness; \n17)total dissolved solids; \n18)lead; \n19) arsenic; \n20) mercury; \n21) phosphorus\n\n\nThe report shall include a table of these values from the water \nsample analysis with a comparison, where applicable, to drinking\n\n\nHays Trinity GCD Rules (April 1, 2021) 69\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 11110, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='5' style='font-size:16px'>April 2020</h1>\n<br><p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Continuous Monitoring Well # 5802304<br>(Killeen - River Ridge Ranch Park Well #1)<br>Middle Trinity Aquifer</p>\n<br><figure data-category='chart'><img id='7' style='font-size:20px' alt=\"Last 30 Days\n1 Year\nPeriod Of Record\" data-coord=\"top-left:(104,108); bottom-right:(1116,1601)\" /></figure>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3453981, "type": "text", "content": "the drilling and evaluation process and to the understanding of \nsubsurface conditions. Provide an interpretive site-specific stratigraphic \ncolumn based on published literature, interpretation of geophysical \nlogs and drill cuttings of the boreholes. \n3) Geophysical logs shall be run which provide qualitative \ninformation on aquifer characteristics and groundwater quality. \nWhen hole conditions permit, the geophysical logs shall include \nbut not be limited to, an electrical log with shallow and deep- \ninvestigative curves (e.g., 16-inch short normal/64-inch long \nnormal resistivity curves or induction log) with a spontaneous \npotential curve, natural gamma, and caliper. As a minimum \nrequirement for cased holes, a gamma ray log shall be run and \nthe logging program discussed with the District. A paper copy \nand a digital recording of the geophysical logs shall be included \nin the aquifer test report. The hydrogeologic characteristics of the \nborehole as indicated by the geophysical logs, drilling \nperformance, and lithology shall be discussed. Any pertinent \nliterature or regional information shall be noted.\n\n\n \n\nI. Well development and performance estimation. The test and \nobservation well(s) shall be developed prior to conducting the \naquifer test to repair damage done to the aquifer(s) during the drilling \noperation. Development shall insure that the hydraulic properties of \nthe aquifer(s) are restored as much as practical to their natural state.\n\n\n1) Well development procedures applied to the well(s) may vary \ndepending on the drilling method used and the extent of the \ndamage done to the aquifer(s). \n2) During well development, the test well shall be pumped or air- \nlifted for a minimum of 4 hours to estimate the specific capacity \nof the well, the maximum anticipated drawdown, the maximum \nproductive discharge rate of the well, drawdown, and to \ndetermine the appropriate distance to locate an observation \nwell(s) in order to obtain useful data. \n3) Water pumped out of the well during well development may not \nbe allowed to locally recharge the aquifer and influence well \nperformance results. The report shall describe measures taken to \nachieve this objective.\n\n\nJ. Protection of groundwater. All reasonably necessary precautions \nshall be taken during construction of test and observation wells to \nensure that surface contaminants do not reach the subsurface \nenvironment and that undesirable groundwater (water that is \ninjurious to human health and the environment or water that can \ncause pollution to land or other waters) if encountered, is sealed off \nand confined to the zone(s) of origin. Such precautions may include\n\n\nHays Trinity GCD Rules (April 1, 2021) 66\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 11109, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='3' style='font-size:14px'>April 2020</h1>\n<br><figure data-category='chart'><img id='4' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"Continuous Monitoring Well # 5802303\n(Killeen - River Ridge Ranch Park Well #2)\nLower Trinity Aquifer\nLast 30 Days\n1 Year\nPeriod Of Record\" data-coord=\"top-left:(95,56); bottom-right:(1111,1599)\" /></figure>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2473731, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='111' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(72,74); bottom-right:(620,445)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='112' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>FIGURE 7 Water discharge during a pumping test</p>\n<p id='113' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>IS A WATER SAMPLE REQUIRED FOR ANALYSIS?</p>\n<br><p id='114' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>A pumping test is a good time to collect water quality<br>samples to assess the chemical, physical and bacterial<br>properties of the water. Water samples should be collected<br>when conditions have stabilized (usually near the end<br>of the pumping test). Sanitize the sampling port or bib<br>with isopropyl alcohol or a dilute chlorine solution before<br>collecting a sample, taking care not to introduce the<br>disinfection fluid to the water sample. Consult with the<br>professional responsible for the test or the approving<br>authority (regional health authority or local government)<br>to determine what water quality parameters to analyze.<br>Consult a professional if field measurements are required<br>(e.g., pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, alkalinity,<br>dissolved oxygen and turbidity). Consult with an<br>accredited laboratory for sampling procedures, sampling<br>bottles, coolers and holding times for delivery of water<br>quality samples to the laboratory.</p>\n<p id='115' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>ARE THERE SPECIAL CONDITIONS TO BE AWARE<br>OF WHEN CONDUCTING OR INTERPRETING THE<br>PUMPING TEST?</p>\n<p id='116' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>If HYDROFRACTURING (fracking) has been used to<br>increase the productivity of the well, it may advisable<br>to wait up to a week before conducting the pumping<br>test. Hydrofracturing uses large volumes of water (up<br>to 2,000 U.S. gallons or 7.6 m3/ min) that either need to<br>be pumped out or dissipate into the surrounding rock<br>before the pumping test is done. Dissipation effects of<br>hydrofracturing can be checked by measuring the water<br>level immediately after the hydrofracturing has occurred<br>and over subsequent hours or days.</p>\n<br><p id='117' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>In FRACTURED BEDROCK AQUIFERS it is important to<br>know the depth of any major water-bearing fracture(s)<br>(usually found in the driller\u2019s well construction report) to:</p>\n<br><p id='118' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u039c ensure the water level is not drawn down below<br>the fracture during the pumping test; and<br>\u039c enable meaningful interpretation of the pumping<br>test and the well\u2019s capacity.</p>\n<br><p id='119' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>A professional hydrogeologist should be consulted<br>if the major water-bearing fracture(s) are not known.</p>\n<br><p id='120' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>SMALL UNCONSOLIDATED (SAND AND GRAVEL)</p>\n<br><p id='121' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>AQUIFERS (e.g., covering up to a few km2 in area) have<br>a limited storage and recharge capacity and are often<br>bounded by low permeability deposits such as silt, clay,<br>till or bedrock (see Figure 8). The drawdown behaviour<br>in the early part of the pumping test may give a falsely<br>optimistic impression of the long-term capacity of the<br>well. The aquifer\u2019s limits are reached when the drawdown<br>rate increases noticeably (e.g., an impermeable geologic<br>boundary or barrier may have been reached).</p>\n<figure><img id='122' style='font-size:20px' alt=\"Water Level After\nStatic Water Pumping\nLevel\nAquifer Aquifer\nBEDROCK\" data-coord=\"top-left:(656,690); bottom-right:(1205,1082)\" /></figure>\n<br><caption id='123' style='font-size:14px'>FIGURE 8 Drawdown behaviour in small unconsolidated unconfined<br>aquifer bounded by bedrock.</caption>\n<p id='124' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Wells pumped in COASTAL AQUIFERS have the potential<br>to be affected by salt water intrusion, particularly where<br>pumping occurs adjacent to the ocean (see Figure<br>9). In this case, a professional hydrogeologist should<br>be involved. Monitoring a parameter like electrical<br>conductivity, using a field probe or meter, throughout the<br>pumping test will indicate whether salt water intrusion<br>is occurring. For example, when specific conductance<br>has risen to greater than 1,000 micro Siemens per<br>centimetre (\u03bcS/cm) or total dissolved solids is greater<br>than 700 mg/L, it is likely salt water intrusion is being<br>initiated. The professional will design the pumping test<br>and determine whether wells (monitoring wells located</p>\n<footer id='125' style='font-size:16px'>[ 8 ]</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2253794, "type": "html", "content": "<figure data-category='chart'><img id='34' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"IN SECTION SOUTH\nIN SECTION BEND SECTION BEND\nIN\nNORTH IN SECTION BEND\nA'\nA BEND\nCarnahan Bayou\nFEET FEET\nFEET FEET Creek Creek Creek aquifer system)\naquifer (Jasper\n500 500\n500 500\nBear Fish Big aquifer\nTerrace aquifer\nTerrace\nNGVD 29 ? Lena Lena NGVD 29 29\nNGVD\nNGVD 29\n?\nC C confining confining\na t a a\na\nt\nV i c k s s u l a a\nV\ni\nh h\nc\no o\nk\nu\nl\n?\nburg-Jackson\na a\nq q\nu i f e r r ? unit unit\nu\ni\nf\n? burg-Jackson\ne\n500 500\n500\nconfining confining\nunit unit ?\nC C\no o\nc c\nk f i e l d d\nk\nf\ni\ne\nl\nC C a a\n1,000 1,000\n1,000 1,000 o o q q\no o u i f e r r\nu\ni\nk k\nf\ne\nMountain Mountain\nS S confining confining\np p unit unit 1,500\n1,500 1,500 a r t a\n1,500\na\nr\nt\nC C a\na a a\na\nn n q\nq\ne e u i f e r\nu\ni\nf\nR i v v e\nR\ni\nr\ne r r\ne\nc c\no o\nn f i n i n n\nn\nf\ni\nn\ni\ng g\n2,000 2,000 unit unit 2,000\n2,000\nCarrizo-Wilcox Carrizo-Wilcox\n2,500 2,500 2,500\n2,500\naquifer aquifer\n3,000 3,000 3,000\n3,000\" data-coord=\"top-left:(128,49); bottom-right:(745,690)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>EXPLANATION</p>\n<br><figure><img id='36' style='font-size:16px' alt=\"Hydrogeologic unit (modified from\nSmoot, 1988, 1989; Fendick and\nCarter, 2015)\nAquifer containing freshwater\u2014\nFreshwater contains a chloride\nconcentration of 250 milligrams\nper liter or less\nAquifer containing saltwater\nConfining unit\nHydrogeologic contact (modified\nfrom Smoot, 1988, 1989; Fendick\nand Carter, 2015)\u2014Separates\nhydrogeologic units\nApproximate freshwater/saltwater\ninterface (modified from Smoot,\n1988, 1989)\u2014Queried where\nuncertain\" data-coord=\"top-left:(848,183); bottom-right:(1132,486)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>NGVD 29, National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929</p>\n<figure><img id='38' style='font-size:16px' alt=\"0 5 10 MILES\n0 5 10 KILOMETERS\" data-coord=\"top-left:(877,584); bottom-right:(1109,667)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='39' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>VERTICAL SCALE GREATLY EXAGGERATED</p>\n<caption id='40' style='font-size:20px'>Figure 3. Idealized north-to-south hydrogeologic section through Grant Parish, Louisiana, showing aquifer and confining layer<br>intervals (individual sand and clay layers not shown; Smoot, 1989). Trace of section shown on figure 1.</caption>\n<figure data-category='chart'><img id='41' style='font-size:18px' alt=\"220\nWell: G-314 Altitude of land surface: 247 ft above NGVD 29\nAquifer: Williana-Bentley aquifer Well depth: 99 ft below land surface\n200\n29)\n(NGVD 180\nWell: G-127B Altitude of land surface: 231.36 ft above NGVD 29\nAquifer: Williana-Bentley aquifer Well depth: 97 ft below land surface\n1929\nabove of 160\n(ft) Datum\nfeet\nWell: G-410\nin Vertical 140\nAquifer: Carnahan Bayou aquifer (Jasper aquifer system)\nlevel, Altitude of land surface: 200 ft above NGVD 29\nWell depth: 160 ft below land surface\nWater Geodetic 120\nNational 100 Well: G-393 Altitude of land surface: 122 ft above NGVD 29\nAquifer: Catahoula aquifer Well depth: 75 ft below land surface\nthe\n80 Well: G-338\nAquifer: Red River alluvial aquifer\nAltitude of land surface: 90 ft above NGVD 29\nWell depth: 94 ft below land surface\n60\n1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020\nYear\" data-coord=\"top-left:(218,799); bottom-right:(1071,1456)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Note: Blank where no data. Dots indicate a single measurement</p>\n<caption id='43' style='font-size:20px'>Figure 4. Water levels in well G-338 screened in the Red River alluvial aquifer, G-314 and G-127B screened<br>in the terrace aquifers, G-393 screened in the Catahoula aquifer, and G-410 screened in the Carnahan Bayou<br>aquifer in Grant Parish, Louisiana (see fig. 1 for well locations; U.S. Geological Survey, 2018).</caption>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Which well is located at the Gault Site and requires analysis across both the aquifer type and well ID constraints?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 33, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 3056195, "type": "html", "content": "<br><p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>May 1st, 2018 - An elaborate Jazz Piano arrangement of Happy Birthday Download the sheet music and mp3 backing track here'<br>'HAPPY BIRTHDAY FREE EASY PIANO SHEET MUSIC<br>APRIL 25TH, 2018 - DOWNLOAD AND PRINT HAPPY BIRTHDAY FREE EASY PIANO SHEET MUSIC NEED AN<br>EASIER ARRANGEMENT GET HAPPY BIRTHDAY FOR GOOD MORNING TO ALL WAS WRITTEN AS A<br>SONG''\u2018Happy Birthday\u2019 Rewritten As A Jazz Piano Odyssey Is</p>\n<br><p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>February 8th, 2017 - This Super Inventive Jazz Arrangement Of \u2018Happy Birthday\u2019 Is The \u2018Happy Birthday\u2019 Rewritten As A Jazz Piano Odyssey Is Exceptionally Cool Music And'</p>\n<br><p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>'Why \u2018Happy Birthday\u2019 Song Is Not In Movies Business Insider<br>June 24th, 2015 - It S Quite Expensive To Hear The Happy Birthday Song 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Time</h1>\n<br><p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>November 6th, 2017 - Alternative birthday songs can be The Top 10 Birthday Songs of All Time They broke into the US dance<br>chart with the song I Could Be Happy The band broke''Lawsuit Against Warner Chappell Music Claims Happy<br>June 13th, 2013 - Film company Good Morning Production Corp files class action lawsuit against Warner Chappell Music<br>Group to have the song Happy Birthday declared as belonging to the public domain'<br>'happy birthday sheet music print pvg piano vocal guitar</p>\n<p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>1 / 3</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2708809, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='12' style='font-size:16px'>PianoDisc PDS-228CFX</header>\n<br><header id='13' style='font-size:16px'>83</header>\n<p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Last Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1<br>Love Me Tender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13<br>Mountain Music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4<br>New Fool At An Old Game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11<br>Put Your Hand In The Hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12<br>Root Beer Rag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21<br>She Keeps The Home Fires Burning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25<br>Southern Nights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8<br>Stand By Your Man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24<br>The Homecoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20<br>The Most Beautiful Girl In The World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2<br>We\u2019ve Got Tonight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22<br>Your Cheatin\u2019 Heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17</p>\n<br><h1 id='15' style='font-size:20px'>Vintage</h1>\n<p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>3 O\u2019Clock In The Morning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61<br>After The Gold Rush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11<br>Anything Can Happen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41<br>As Time Goes By . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34<br>Begin The Beguine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40<br>Berceuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30<br>Bess, You Is My Woman Now . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43<br>Beyond The Blue Horizon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15<br>Black Orpheus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59<br>Blue Monday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32<br>Blue Velvet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36<br>Body And Soul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17<br>Bumble Boogie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9<br>Cheek To Cheek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58<br>Close To You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12<br>Cottage For Sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37<br>Did You Ever See A Dream Walking? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46<br>Edelweiss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47<br>Embraceable You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2<br>Fire And Rain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8<br>Fly Me To The Moon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26<br>Full Moon And Empty Arms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4<br>Go Away From My Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20<br>Here I\u2019ll Stay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49<br>I Didn\u2019t Know About You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16<br>I Get A Kick Out Of You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42<br>I Got Rhythm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3<br>I\u2019ve Got You Under My Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57<br>Idilio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3112642, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>of\ufb01ces of the publishers whose songs he proposed to use.<br>A little chappie with a hooked nose sucked a cigarette and<br>played the piano all day. Nothing could tire that lad. He<br>seemed to take a personal interest in the thing.</p>\n<br><p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Gussie would cleat his throat and begin:<br>\u2018There\u2018s a great big choo-choo waiting at the deepo.\u2019</p>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>THE CHAPPIE (playing chords): \u2018Is that so? What\u2018s it<br>waiting for?\u2019</p>\n<br><p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>GUSSIE (rather rattled at the interruption): \u2018Waiting for<br>me.\u2019</p>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>THE CHAPPIE (surprised): For you?\u2019<br>GUSSIE (sticking to it): \u2018Waiting for me-e-ee!\u2019<br>THE CHAPPIE (sceptically): \u2018You don\u2018t say!\u2019<br>GUSSIE: \u2018For I\u2018m off to Tennessee.\u2019</p>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>THE CHAPPIE (conceding a point): \u2018Now, I live at<br>Yonkers.\u2019</p>\n<br><p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>He did this all through the song. At \ufb01rst poor old Gussie<br>asked him to stop, but the chappie said, No, it was always<br>done. It helped to get pep into the thing. He appealed to<br>me whether the thing didn\u2018t want a bit of pep, and I said<br>it wanted all the pep it could get. And the chappie said to<br>Gussie, \u2018There you are!\u2019 So Gussie had to stand it.</p>\n<br><p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The other song that he intended to sing was one of those<br>moon songs. He told me in a hushed voice that he was<br>using it because it was one of the songs that the girl Ray<br>sang when lifting them out of their seats at Mosenstein\u2018s<br>and elsewhere. The fact seemed to give it sacred associa-<br>tions for him.</p>\n<br><p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>You will scarcely believe me, but the management ex-<br>pected Gussie to show up and start performing at one<br>o\u2018clock in the afternoon. I told him they couldn\u2018t be seri-<br>ous, as they must know that he would be rolling out for a<br>bit of lunch at that hour, but Gussie said this was the usual<br>thing in the four-a-day, and he didn\u2018t suppose he would<br>ever get any lunch again until he landed on the big time.</p>\n<footer id='18' style='font-size:14px'>32</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3112418, "type": "text", "content": "of\ufb01ces of the publishers whose songs he proposed to use. \nA little chappie with a hooked nose sucked a cigarette and \nplayed the piano all day. Nothing could tire that lad. He \nseemed to take a personal interest in the thing.\n\n\n \n\nGussie would cleat his throat and begin: \n\u2018There\u2018s a great big choo-choo waiting at the deepo.\u2019\n\n\n \n\nTHE CHAPPIE (playing chords): \u2018Is that so? What\u2018s it \nwaiting for?\u2019\n\n\n \n\nGUSSIE (rather rattled at the interruption): \u2018Waiting for \nme.\u2019\n\n\n \n\nTHE CHAPPIE (surprised): For you?\u2019 \nGUSSIE (sticking to it): \u2018Waiting for me-e-ee!\u2019 \nTHE CHAPPIE (sceptically): \u2018You don\u2018t say!\u2019 \nGUSSIE: \u2018For I\u2018m off to Tennessee.\u2019\n\n\n \n\nTHE CHAPPIE (conceding a point): \u2018Now, I live at \nYonkers.\u2019\n\n\n \n\nHe did this all through the song. At \ufb01rst poor old Gussie \nasked him to stop, but the chappie said, No, it was always \ndone. It helped to get pep into the thing. He appealed to \nme whether the thing didn\u2018t want a bit of pep, and I said \nit wanted all the pep it could get. And the chappie said to \nGussie, \u2018There you are!\u2019 So Gussie had to stand it.\n\n\n \n\nThe other song that he intended to sing was one of those \nmoon songs. He told me in a hushed voice that he was \nusing it because it was one of the songs that the girl Ray \nsang when lifting them out of their seats at Mosenstein\u2018s \nand elsewhere. The fact seemed to give it sacred associa- \ntions for him.\n\n\n \n\nYou will scarcely believe me, but the management ex- \npected Gussie to show up and start performing at one \no\u2018clock in the afternoon. I told him they couldn\u2018t be seri- \nous, as they must know that he would be rolling out for a \nbit of lunch at that hour, but Gussie said this was the usual \nthing in the four-a-day, and he didn\u2018t suppose he would \never get any lunch again until he landed on the big time.\n\n\n32\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 247978, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='5' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"Piano Man 3\nF G 7 C F A m B\nb\n2 1 12 3 3 2 1 2 1123\n38\n39 40 41 42 43\n& b \u0153 \u0153 .\u02d9 \u0153 \u0152 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 .\u0153 J\u0153 \u02d9 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153\n\u02d9\nkew it com -\nsure how it goes, but it's sad and it's sweet and Iac all lone -- li - ness,\ncould be\nway from his face, 'Well, I'm sure that Iat he bar and put bread in my\nie star\nmov\nslow - ly ag et stoned. Yes, the're shar - ing\ndrink they\nsmells like\nbeer, and they sit at\n0 1 3 .3 3 3 1 0 1 0 0\n1 3 3 .3 3\n\u0152\n1 3 3 .3 3000 0 1 3 .3 3 3 1 0 1 0 0\n102 . 002 . 123 .\n02 . 20 .\n.\n.\n.\n. . . . .\nF B C 7 F C 7 D m D m\nb\n2 1 1123 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 2 3 1\n44\n45 46 47 48 49 50\n\u02d9 \u0153 \u02d9 \u0153 \u0153\n& b \u02d9 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 .\u02d9 .\u02d9\nwore ag et out of this place.' Da da da de de\nyoung - er man's clothes.' Da da da de de\nplete when IIb et - ter than drink - in' ai n' here?' Da da da de de\ncould\nif\nbut it's\n- lone. [instrumental]\njar and say, 'Man what are you do -\n0 0 1 0 5 5 5 7 8\n1 1 1 1 .1 .1\n0 0 1 0 1000 . 557 . 557 .\n. 5 5 5 7 8\n102 . 1 1 1 000 . 1 .1 02 .\n.\n. 23 .\n.\n.\n.\n. . . . . . .\nD m D m B B G 7 G 7 C B A m\nb b b\n2 3 1 2 3 1 1123 1123 12 3 12 3 3 1123 2\n51\n52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59\n\u0153 \u0153 \u02d9 \u0152 \u0152 \u0152 \u0152 \u0152 \u0153 \u02d9 \u0153 \u0153 .\u02d9 \u02d9 \u0153 .\u02d9 \u2211 \u2211\n& b\nda, d a da de de da d a da.\nda, da da de de da da da.\nda, da da de de da da da.\n7 5 5 5 5 7 8 .7 7 5 .3\n\u0152 \u0152 \u0152 \u0152 \u0152\n7 5 5 5557 . 5657 5 5 7 8 7750 . 7750 5 3000 . 1123 . 0002 .\n.\n.\n.\n.\n.\n.\n.\" data-coord=\"top-left:(92,67); bottom-right:(1175,1375)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='6' style='font-size:16px'>. . . . . . .</h1>\n<br><h1 id='7' style='font-size:20px'>557 . . 657 . . . . .</h1>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3323314, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='63' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>4) \t\r \u00a0I'd\t\r \u00a0love\t\r \u00a0to\t\r \u00a0extend\t\r \u00a0a\t\r \u00a0short\t\r \u00a0song\t\r \u00a0by\t\r \u00a0inserting\t\r \u00a0a\t\r \u00a0verse\t\r \u00a0from\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0original\t\r \u00a0printed\t\r \u00a0vocal\t\r \u00a0selection\t\r \u00a0<br>(later\t\r \u00a0dropped).\t\r \u00a0I'm\t\r \u00a0thinking\t\r \u00a0here\t\r \u00a0of\t\r \u00a0\"I\t\r \u00a0Guess\t\r \u00a0I'll\t\r \u00a0Miss\t\r \u00a0The\t\r \u00a0Man\".\t\r \u00a0Answer:\t\r \u00a0I'm\t\r \u00a0actually\t\r \u00a0not\t\r \u00a0aware\t\r \u00a0<br>that\t\r \u00a0any\t\r \u00a0of\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0verses\t\r \u00a0of\t\r \u00a0\"I\t\r \u00a0Guess\t\r \u00a0I'll\t\r \u00a0Miss\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0Man\"\t\r \u00a0have\t\r \u00a0been\t\r \u00a0cut.\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0The\t\r \u00a0form\t\r \u00a0of\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0song\t\r \u00a0should\t\r \u00a0<br>be\t\r \u00a0verse,\t\r \u00a0verse,\t\r \u00a0bridge,\t\r \u00a0last\t\r \u00a0verse.\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0It\t\r \u00a0is\t\r \u00a0OK\t\r \u00a0with\t\r \u00a0me\t\r \u00a0(in\t\r \u00a0fact\t\r \u00a0I\t\r \u00a0recommend\t\r \u00a0it)\t\r \u00a0if\t\r \u00a0you\t\r \u00a0interpolate,\t\r \u00a0as\t\r \u00a0<br>many\t\r \u00a0do,\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0Leading\t\r \u00a0Player\t\r \u00a0saying\t\r \u00a0things\t\r \u00a0to\t\r \u00a0Catherine\t\r \u00a0like:\t\r \u00a0\"You\t\r \u00a0don't\t\r \u00a0have\t\r \u00a0a\t\r \u00a0song\t\r \u00a0here\"\t\r \u00a0and\t\r \u00a0\"I\t\r \u00a0<br>really\t\r \u00a0don't\t\r \u00a0think\t\r \u00a0you\t\r \u00a0should\t\r \u00a0sing\t\r \u00a0anymore\"\t\r \u00a0between\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0verses.\t\r \u00a0<br>5) We'd\t\r \u00a0like\t\r \u00a0to\t\r \u00a0keep\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0original\t\r \u00a0ending,\t\r \u00a0but\t\r \u00a0hear\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0Leading\t\r \u00a0Player\t\r \u00a0sing\t\r \u00a0\"Join\t\r \u00a0us\"\t\r \u00a0to\t\r \u00a0Theo\t\r \u00a0just\t\r \u00a0<br>before\t\r \u00a0blackout.\t\r \u00a0Answer:\t\r \u00a0OK,\t\r \u00a0but\t\r \u00a0I'm\t\r \u00a0not\t\r \u00a0sure\t\r \u00a0a\t\r \u00a0combination\t\r \u00a0of\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0two\t\r \u00a0endings\t\r \u00a0will\t\r \u00a0work.\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0But\t\r \u00a0if\t\r \u00a0<br>you\t\r \u00a0have\t\r \u00a0a\t\r \u00a0way\t\r \u00a0to\t\r \u00a0do\t\r \u00a0it,\t\r \u00a0by\t\r \u00a0all\t\r \u00a0means\t\r \u00a0try\t\r \u00a0it.\t\r \u00a0<br>6) Is\t\r \u00a0adding\t\r \u00a0an\t\r \u00a0overture\t\r \u00a0going\t\r \u00a0too\t\r \u00a0far?\t\r \u00a0Answer:\t\r \u00a0OK\t\r \u00a0</p>\n<br><p id='64' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\t\r \u00a0</p>\n<br><p id='65' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>T hanks\t\r \u00a0again,\t\r \u00a0and\t\r \u00a0I\t\r \u00a0hope\t\r \u00a0your\t\r \u00a0production\t\r \u00a0is\t\r \u00a0both\t\r \u00a0a\t\r \u00a0big\t\r \u00a0success\t\r \u00a0for\t\r \u00a0you\t\r \u00a0and\t\r \u00a0that\t\r \u00a0you\t\r \u00a0have\t\r \u00a0a\t\r \u00a0great\t\r \u00a0<br>time\t\r \u00a0doing\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0show.\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0Sincerely,\t\r \u00a0Stephen\t\r \u00a0Schwartz\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0</p>\n<br><p id='66' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\t\r \u00a0</p>\n<br><p id='67' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>R eply\t\r \u00a0from\t\r \u00a0Manfred:\t\r \u00a0</p>\n<br><p id='68' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>We're\t\r \u00a0very\t\r \u00a0grateful\t\r \u00a0for\t\r \u00a0your\t\r \u00a0words\t\r \u00a0of\t\r \u00a0encouragement,\t\r \u00a0thank\t\r \u00a0you!\t\r \u00a0Regarding\t\r \u00a0\"I\t\r \u00a0Guess\t\r \u00a0I'll\t\r \u00a0Miss\t\r \u00a0The\t\r \u00a0Man\",\t\r \u00a0<br>what\t\r \u00a0we\t\r \u00a0had\t\r \u00a0in\t\r \u00a0mind\t\r \u00a0was\t\r \u00a0this.\t\r \u00a0It's\t\r \u00a0a\t\r \u00a0beautiful\t\r \u00a0song,\t\r \u00a0wonderfully\t\r \u00a0touching,\t\r \u00a0but\t\r \u00a0(\"events\t\r \u00a0move\t\r \u00a0so\t\r \u00a0<br>swiftly\"...)\t\r \u00a0Catherine\t\r \u00a0can\t\r \u00a0be\t\r \u00a0done\t\r \u00a0and\t\r \u00a0off\t\r \u00a0stage\t\r \u00a0again\t\r \u00a0before\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0audience\t\r \u00a0realises\t\r \u00a0what's\t\r \u00a0happened.\t\r \u00a0By\t\r \u00a0<br>making\t\r \u00a0it\t\r \u00a0linger\t\r \u00a0a\t\r \u00a0little,\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0audience\t\r \u00a0has\t\r \u00a0time\t\r \u00a0to\t\r \u00a0appreciate\t\r \u00a0she\t\r \u00a0really\t\r \u00a0does\t\r \u00a0have\t\r \u00a0a\t\r \u00a0broken\t\r \u00a0heart.\t\r \u00a0</p>\n<br><p id='69' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\t\r \u00a0</p>\n<br><p id='70' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>T he\t\r \u00a0vocal\t\r \u00a0selection\t\r \u00a0book\t\r \u00a0from\t\r \u00a01972\t\r \u00a0has\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0middle\t\r \u00a0verse\t\r \u00a0go\t\r \u00a0like\t\r \u00a0this:\t\r \u00a0</p>\n<br><p id='71' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\t\r \u00a0</p>\n<br><p id='72' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\" He\t\r \u00a0never\t\r \u00a0smiled\t\r \u00a0enough,\t\r \u00a0But\t\r \u00a0though\t\r \u00a0his\t\r \u00a0words\t\r \u00a0were\t\r \u00a0gruff,\t\r \u00a0I\t\r \u00a0liked\t\r \u00a0his\t\r \u00a0shy,\t\r \u00a0sad\t\r \u00a0glance.\t\r \u00a0I\t\r \u00a0never\t\r \u00a0told\t\r \u00a0him\t\r \u00a0<br>so,\t\r \u00a0But\t\r \u00a0then,\t\r \u00a0I\t\r \u00a0never\t\r \u00a0got\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0chance.\"\t\r \u00a0</p>\n<br><p id='73' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\t\r \u00a0</p>\n<br><p id='74' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>W e've\t\r \u00a0added\t\r \u00a0this\t\r \u00a0as\t\r \u00a0our\t\r \u00a0new\t\r \u00a0second\t\r \u00a0verse,\t\r \u00a0and\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0form\t\r \u00a0of\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0song\t\r \u00a0becomes\t\r \u00a0verse,\t\r \u00a0added\t\r \u00a0verse,\t\r \u00a0<br>bridge,\t\r \u00a0verse,\t\r \u00a0bridge,\t\r \u00a0last\t\r \u00a0verse.\t\r \u00a0Of\t\r \u00a0course,\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0joke\t\r \u00a0at\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0end\t\r \u00a0of\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0bridge\t\r \u00a0can't\t\r \u00a0be\t\r \u00a0repeated,\t\r \u00a0so\t\r \u00a0<br>instead\t\r \u00a0Catherine\t\r \u00a0breaks\t\r \u00a0off\t\r \u00a0at\t\r \u00a0\"This\t\r \u00a0man...\"\t\r \u00a0and\t\r \u00a0recomposes\t\r \u00a0herself\t\r \u00a0before\t\r \u00a0anyone\t\r \u00a0sees\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0tear\t\r \u00a0in\t\r \u00a0her\t\r \u00a0<br>eye.\t\r \u00a0</p>\n<br><p id='75' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\t\r \u00a0</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2168521, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='0' style='font-size:22px'>Brad Alexander</h1>\n<br><p id='1' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Toronto, Canada<br>www.bradthepianoman.com</p>\n<h1 id='2' style='font-size:20px'>Songlist/Request List:</h1>\n<p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Any</p>\n<br><p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>A Thousand Years (Twilight)<br>Ain\u2019t Misbehaving<br>All of Me \u2013 Frank Sinatra<br>All of Me \u2013 John Legend<br>All or Nothing at All<br>All the Way \u2013 Frank Sinatra<br>Amazed - Lonestar<br>And All That Jazz \u2013 from \u201cChicago\u201d<br>And it Stoned Me \u2013 Van Morrison<br>And So It Goes \u2013 Billy Joel<br>Angels \u2013 Robbie Williams<br>Anthony\u2019s Song (Movin\u2019 Out) - Billy Joel<br>Dream Will Do \u2013 from \u201cJoseph & the Amazing Technicolor<br>Dreamcoat\u201d<br>At Last \u2013 Etta James<br>Baby Grand \u2013 Billy Joel<br>Bad Bad Leroy Brown<br>Beam Me Up \u2013 P!nk<br>Believe - Cher<br>Bennie and the Jets \u2013 Elton John<br>B\u00e9same Mucho<br>Bewitched<br>Big Spender<br>Blue Eyes \u2013 Elton John<br>Blue Moon<br>Blue Skies<br>Brown Eyed Girl<br>Build Me Up Buttercup</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 247979, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='8' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"4 Piano Man\nC 7 F A m B F B F G 7 C\nb b\n1 2 1 2 1123 2 1 1123 2 1 12 3 3\n60\n61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68\nj \u0153\n& b \u2211 \u0153 .\u0153 J\u0153 \u02d9 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u02d9 .\u02d9 \u0153 .\u0153 \u0153 \u02d9 \u0153 .\u02d9 \u0153 \u0153\nSing us a song, you're the pia - no man. Sing us a song to - night. Well, we're\n3 .3 3 3 1 0 1 0 0 1\n1 .1 2 .1 1 1 3 .3 3\n1000 . 102 . 002 . 123 23 02 . 2 .1 1 1 3 .3 3\n. 3 .3 3 3 1 0 1 0 0 1\n1 .1\n02 . 20 . 00 .\n.\n.\n.\n. . . . .3 . . .\nF A m B F B C F\nb b\n2 1 2 1123 2 1 1123 3 2 1\n69\n70 71 72 73 74 75\nj\n\u0152 \u0152 J\u0153 .\u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153\n& b \u0153 .\u0153 J\u0153 \u0153 .\u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u02d9 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153\n\u0153 and you've got us feel - in' al - right. \u0153\nall in the mood for a mel - o - dy\n3 .3 3 3 .1 0 1 0 1 .0 1 1 1\n0 3\n1 1 1\n0 2 0\n\u0152 \u0152\n0 3\n3 .3 3 3 .1 0 1 0 1 .0 1 102 0\n1\n102 . 002 . 123 23 102 0 2 000 .\n1 1\n1\n.\n.\n.\n. . .3 .\nC C 7\nB F F A m B F\nb b\n3 1\n1123 2 1 4. 2 1 2 1123 2 1\n76 1, 2, 3.\n77 78 79 80 81 82 83\nU q = 140 j\n\u0153 \u0153 \u0153 . \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 a tempo \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u02d9 \u02d9 \u0153\n\u02d9 \u0153 \u0153 .\u0153\n& b \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 .\n\u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153\n\u0153 Now\nrit.\nAnd\nThere's a\n1 0 1 U 0 3 1 0 3 3 3 .1 0 1 0\n1 1 1\n3\n1 1 1 1 1 1\n2 0 .... 1 0 3 3 3 .1 0 1 0\n1 0 1000 0 3\n1 1 102 0\n1 1 1\n123 2\n1 1\n000 . 3 102 . 002 . 123 23 02 .\n.\n.\n.\n. . . .\" data-coord=\"top-left:(89,53); bottom-right:(1178,1279)\" /></figure>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1171188, "type": "html", "content": "<table id='16' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td>Artist</td><td>Title</td></tr><tr><td>The Drifters</td><td>Up On The Roof</td></tr><tr><td>The Dubliners</td><td>Black Velvet Band</td></tr><tr><td>The Dubliners</td><td>Whisky In The Jar</td></tr><tr><td>The Eagles</td><td>Heartache Tonight</td></tr><tr><td>The Easybeats</td><td>Friday On My Mind</td></tr><tr><td>The Everly Brothers</td><td>Walk Right Back</td></tr><tr><td>The Farm</td><td>All Together Now</td></tr><tr><td>The Feeling</td><td>I Thought It Was Over</td></tr><tr><td>The Feeling</td><td>Love It When You Call</td></tr><tr><td>The Feeling</td><td>Sewn</td></tr><tr><td>The Feeling</td><td>Without You</td></tr><tr><td>The Firm</td><td>Star Trekkin</td></tr><tr><td>The Floaters</td><td>Float On</td></tr><tr><td>The Foundations</td><td>Build Me Up Buttercup</td></tr><tr><td>The Four Seasons</td><td>Lets Hang On</td></tr><tr><td>The Greatest Showman Cast</td><td>A Million Dreams</td></tr><tr><td>The Greatest Showman Cast</td><td>The Other Side</td></tr><tr><td>The Heavy</td><td>How You Like Me Now</td></tr><tr><td>The Hives</td><td>Walk Idiot Walk</td></tr><tr><td>The Hollies</td><td>Bus Stop</td></tr><tr><td>The Human League</td><td>(Keep Feeling) Fascination</td></tr><tr><td>The Jacksons</td><td>Blame It on The Boogie</td></tr><tr><td>The Jam</td><td>A Town Called Malice</td></tr><tr><td>The Jam</td><td>All Around The World</td></tr><tr><td>The Jam</td><td>Beat Surrender</td></tr><tr><td>The Jam</td><td>Eton Rifles</td></tr><tr><td>The Jam The Monkees</td><td>Going Underground</td></tr><tr><td>The Jungle Book The Monkees</td><td>The Bare Necessities</td></tr><tr><td>The Kid LAROI</td><td>WITHOUT YOU</td></tr><tr><td>The Killers</td><td>All These Things Ive Done</td></tr><tr><td>The Killers</td><td>Human</td></tr><tr><td>The Killers</td><td>Mr Brightside Last Train To Clarksville</td></tr><tr><td>The Killers</td><td>Somebody Told Me</td></tr><tr><td>The Kinks</td><td>All Day And All Of The Night</td></tr><tr><td>The Kinks</td><td>Lola</td></tr><tr><td>The Kinks</td><td>Sunny Afternoon</td></tr><tr><td>The Kinks</td><td>Waterloo Sunset</td></tr><tr><td>The Kinks</td><td>You Really Got Me My Sharona</td></tr><tr><td>The Knack The Kooks</td><td>Always I To Be</td></tr><tr><td>The Kooks</td><td>Where Need Naive</td></tr><tr><td>The Kooks</td><td>She Moves In Her Own Way</td></tr><tr><td>The Las</td><td>There She Goes</td></tr><tr><td>The Libertines</td><td>Cant Stand Me Now</td></tr><tr><td>The Longest Johns</td><td>Wellerman</td></tr><tr><td>The Lovin Spoonful</td><td>Daydream</td></tr><tr><td>The Magician ft Years And Years</td><td>Sunlight Because I Love You</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>The Masters Apprentices</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>The Mavericks</td><td>Dance The Night Away</td></tr><tr><td>The Mindbenders The Monkees</td><td>A Groovy Kind Of Love A Little Bit Me A Little Bit You</td></tr><tr><td>The Monkees</td><td>Daydream Believer Hey Hey Were The Monkees Im A Believer</td></tr><tr><td>The Monkees The Monkees</td><td>Im Not Your Steppin Stone</td></tr><tr><td>The Monkees The Motors</td><td>Pleasant Valley Sunday Airport</td></tr><tr><td>The Move The Move</td><td>Blackberry Way Flowers In The Rain</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>The Muppets</td><td>Jingle Bell Rock</td></tr></table>\n<br><table id='17' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>Artist</td><td>Title</td></tr><tr><td>The Ordinary Boys</td><td>Boys Will Be Boys</td></tr><tr><td>The Pasadenas</td><td>Im Doing Fine Now</td></tr><tr><td>The Phantom Of The Opera</td><td>The Phantom Of The Opera</td></tr><tr><td>The Pixies</td><td>Monkey Gone To Heaven</td></tr><tr><td>The Platters</td><td>Only You Smoke Gets</td></tr><tr><td>The Platters</td><td>In Your Eyes The Great Pretender</td></tr><tr><td>The Platters The Pogues</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>The Pogues And Kirsty McColl</td><td>Dirty Old Town</td></tr><tr><td>The Pogues And The Dubliners</td><td>Fairytale Of New York Irish Rover</td></tr><tr><td>The Pointer Sisters</td><td>The Im So Excited</td></tr><tr><td>The Pointer Sisters</td><td>Slow Hand</td></tr><tr><td>The Police</td><td>Cant Stand Losing You</td></tr><tr><td>The Police</td><td>Dont Stand So Close To Me</td></tr><tr><td>The Police</td><td>Every Breath You Take</td></tr><tr><td>The Police</td><td>Every Little Thing She Does Is Magic</td></tr><tr><td>The Police</td><td>Message In A Bottle</td></tr><tr><td>The Police</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>The Police</td><td>Roxanne</td></tr><tr><td>The Pretenders</td><td>Walking on the Moon Brass In Pocket</td></tr><tr><td>The Proclaimers</td><td>Im Gonna Be (500 Miles)</td></tr><tr><td>The Proclaimers</td><td>Im On My Way</td></tr><tr><td>The Proclaimers</td><td>Letter From America</td></tr><tr><td>The Prodigy</td><td>Firestarter</td></tr><tr><td>The Prodigy</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>The Pussycat Dolls ft Will I Am</td><td>Nasty Beep</td></tr><tr><td>The Rasmus</td><td>In The Shadows</td></tr><tr><td>The Real Thing</td><td>You To Me Are Everything</td></tr><tr><td>The Rembrandts</td><td>Ill Be There For You</td></tr><tr><td>The Righteous Brothers</td><td>Youve Lost That Loving Feeling</td></tr><tr><td>The Rocky Horror Picture Show</td><td>Sweet Transvestite</td></tr><tr><td>The Rocky Horror Picture Show</td><td>Time Warp</td></tr><tr><td>The Ronettes</td><td>Be My Baby</td></tr><tr><td>The Saturdays</td><td>30 Days</td></tr><tr><td>The Saturdays</td><td>All Fired Up</td></tr><tr><td>The Saturdays</td><td>Disco Love</td></tr><tr><td>The Saturdays</td><td>Ego</td></tr><tr><td>The Saturdays</td><td>Gentleman</td></tr><tr><td>The Saturdays</td><td>Issues</td></tr><tr><td>The Saturdays</td><td>Missing You</td></tr><tr><td>The Saturdays</td><td>My Heart Takes Over</td></tr><tr><td>The Saturdays</td><td>Not Giving Up</td></tr><tr><td>The Saturdays</td><td>Notorious</td></tr><tr><td>The Saturdays</td><td>What Are You Waiting For</td></tr><tr><td>The Saturdays ft Sean Paul</td><td>What About Us</td></tr><tr><td>The Script</td><td>Break Even</td></tr><tr><td>The Script</td><td>For The First Time</td></tr><tr><td>The Script</td><td>If You Could See Me Now</td></tr><tr><td>The Script</td><td>Man Who Cant Be Moved</td></tr><tr><td>The Script</td><td>No Good In Goodbye</td></tr><tr><td>The Script</td><td>Rain</td></tr><tr><td>The Script The</td><td>Six Degrees of Separation (Clean)</td></tr><tr><td>Script</td><td>The Last Time</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>The Script The Script (ft Will I Am)</td><td>Superheroes Hall Of Fame</td></tr><tr><td>The Searchers</td><td>Dont Throw Your Love Away You Walk In The Room</td></tr><tr><td>The Searchers The Seekers</td><td>When Georgy Girl</td></tr><tr><td>The Smiths</td><td>There Is A Light That Never Goes Out</td></tr><tr><td>The Smiths</td><td>This Charming Man</td></tr><tr><td>The Sound Of Music</td><td>Climb Every Mountain</td></tr></table>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 247980, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='9' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"Piano Man 5\nB C F B F B F C 7\nb b b\n1123 3 2 1 1123 2 1 1123 2 1 1\n84\n85 86 87 88 89\n\u0153 \u0153 \u0153\n& b \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153\n\u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153\n\u02d9\n\u0153\n\u0153\n1 1 1 0 0 3 1 0 1123 0102 1000\n1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1\n0 2 0\n1 1 1 0 0 3 1 0 1123 0102 1000\n1 123 2 102 0\n1 1\n1 1\n1 000 . 1 102 0\n23 .\n.\n. .\nF B F B F G m7 F F\nb b\n2 1 1123 2 1 1123 2 1 112 2 1 2 1\n90\n91 92 93 94 95\nU\n\u0153 \u0153 \u0153\n& b \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 rit. .\u02d9 .\u02d9\n\u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153 \u0153\n\u0153 \u0153\n\u0153\n\u0153\n0 3 1 0 1 0 U 1\n1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1\n0 2 0 .1 .1\n0 3 1 0 1123 0102 1120 102 . 8555 . g\n.\n1 1 102 0\n1 1\n1 123 2\n102 0\n. g\n.\n. . g\ng\" data-coord=\"top-left:(89,48); bottom-right:(1176,825)\" /></figure>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}]	How would you rearrange the lyrics to ensure the sequence 'Sing us a song tonight, you're the piano man' follows the logical narrative of mood in the lyrics?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 39, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["format reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 49629, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='12' style='font-size:22px'>Hybrid propulsion comes with its own challenges which need to be<br>addressed</h1>\n<br><figure><img id='13' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1382,30); bottom-right:(1608,123)\" /></figure>\n<h1 id='14' style='font-size:20px'>50%</h1>\n<br><p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>of industry experts interviewed by<br>Ricardo consider Hybrid propulsion to be<br>viable for long range trips (>60 miles)</p>\n<h1 id='16' style='font-size:18px'>Mixed views on challenges with Hybrid VTOL</h1>\n<p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Challenges cited by % of interviewees</p>\n<br><figure data-category='chart'><img id='18' style='font-size:16px' alt=\"Design Complexity 50%\nEmissions 38%\nNoise 25%\nFuel spill 13%\nCost 13%\" data-coord=\"top-left:(64,671); bottom-right:(702,979)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='19' style='font-size:18px' alt=\"Challenges\nNoise\nEmission\nDesign Complexity\nMaintenance\nFueling\" data-coord=\"top-left:(795,259); bottom-right:(1579,995)\" /></figure>\n<footer id='20' style='font-size:14px'>\u00a9 Ricardo plc 2018</footer>\n<br><footer id='21' style='font-size:14px'>5th Transformative Vertical Flight Workshop</footer>\n<br><h1 id='22' style='font-size:14px'>January 2018</h1>\n<br><footer id='23' style='font-size:14px'>3</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2936700, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>a much narrower set of resources. They are concen-<br>trated on IO bandwidth where we must consider a work-<br>load\u2019s CPU, memory and network resource requirements<br>as well as storage requirements. As a result, they can use<br>more sophisticated and specialized analysis and design<br>tools (e.g., storage system models), allowing quicker<br>convergence on a suitable resource con(cid:2)guration.</p>\n<h1 id='51' style='font-size:20px'>9 Discussion and Conclusion</h1>\n<br><p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Our resource allocation and monitoring techniques do<br>not assure the timeliness of events. In general, assured<br>timeliness is expensive to provide, requiring real-time<br>scheduling of CPU and links. However, we do provide<br>two ways to address the issue, with another planned.<br>First, the user\u2019s application-speci(cid:2)c metrics, if they can<br>be gathered on unmultiplexed nodes, serve as a safety<br>mechanism to catch arbitrary performance in(cid:2)delities.<br>Second, the user can specify a shorter time period (the<br>default is 1 second) over which the monitoring daemon<br>will average, as it looks for overload. Finally, we may<br>add a kernel mechanism that will detect if any resource<br>use over very (cid:2)ne time scales, e.g., 1(cid:150)10 msecs, has ex-<br>ceeded a user-settable threshold. Given this mechanism<br>and typical Internet latencies, users can be quite con(cid:2)-<br>dent that timing effects regarding network I/O have not<br>affected their experiments.</p>\n<br><p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Evaluation of packet timeliness and CPU schedul-<br>ing effects remain to be done, but by offering the user<br>application-level metrics directing adaptation, that is not<br>essential. Exhaustive validation of the link emulation<br>(cid:2)delity should be done, similar to the inter-packet ar-<br>rival and time-variance analysis we do for mixed sim-<br>ulated/emulated resources [13]. Another issue is that our<br>default mode of encapsulation decreases the MTU by<br>a few bytes, which could affect some applications. In<br>this case we support two other techniques that require<br>no loss of MTU size: the virtual network devices can be<br>con(cid:2)gured to use fake MAC addresses in place of en-<br>capsulation, or to use 802.1Q VLAN tagging. We may<br>add well-known OS resource isolation mechanisms such<br>as proportional-share scheduling and resource contain-<br>ers. In a completely different but important area, some<br>aspects of Emulab\u2019s Web-based user interface, such as<br>its Graphviz-based topology visualization, are inconve-<br>nient to use on thousands of nodes. In response we have<br>built on Munzner\u2019s hyperbolic three-dimensional graph<br>explorer library[18] to provide an interactive (cid:147)(cid:2)sh-eye(cid:148)<br>visualizer for Emulab, though have not yet put it into<br>production use. Finally, our node support is limited to<br>FreeBSD, yet many want Linux or Windows. When<br>the Trellis work is mature we plan to adopt that to ob-<br>tain equivalent support for Linux. We currently have<br>Xen partially supported in Emulab, and are exploring</p>\n<br><p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>VMware [27].</p>\n<br><p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>In conclusion, we have identi(cid:2)ed, designed, and im-<br>plemented the many features necessary to support prac-<br>tical scalable network experimentation, and deployed<br>them in a production system. We have shown that, by<br>relaxing the constraints of conservative resource alloca-<br>tion, we can signi(cid:2)cantly increase the scale of topolo-<br>gies that we can support, or lower the required physical<br>resources, with minimal loss of (cid:2)delity. In the future<br>we will gather experience on how experimenters use the<br>feedback and adaptation system, and evolve our system<br>accordingly.</p>\n<p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Acknowledgments</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2167404, "type": "text", "content": "2-10 Solutions to reduce agricultural emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 \nSource: Searchinger et al. 2018 \n2-11 Impact of nitrogen fertilizer use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 \n2-12 Energy decarbonization with universal access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 \nSource: International Energy Agency, 2018a; International Energy Agency 2019; \nUnited Nations, 2018c; World Bank, 2019a; World Health Organization, 2018b \n2-13 The emissions gap: current commitments insufficient to achieve \nnecessary reductions in emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 \nSource: United Nations Environment Programme, 2018 \n2-14 Urban and peri-urban development: growing cities, growing impacts. . . .\n. . . . . . . . 84 \nSource: International Energy Agency 2016; International Resource Panel, 2018; \nUnited Nations, 2018a; United Nations Environment Programme, 2016c; United\nNations \nEnvironment Programme, 2017b; World Bank, 2019f \n2-15 Human survival and the global environmental commons . . . . . . . . . . .\n. . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 \nSource: Food and Agriculture Organization, 2018d; Food and Agriculture\nOrganization, 2018e; \nInternational Energy Agency, 2018; International Energy Agency, 2019; United\nNations 2018d; \nWorld Bank, 2019; World Health Organization, 2018 \n3-1 Types of sustainability challenges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 \nSource: Adapted from Messerli and Bieri, 2018 \n3-2 Research and development expenditure worldwide, 2015. . . . . . . . . . .\n. . . . . . . . . . . . 119 \nSource: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 2019 \nTABLES \n1-1 Projected distance from targets by 2030 (at current trends) . . . . . . .\n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \nSource: Calculations based on data from United Nations, 2019; United Nations\nDevelopment \nProgramme, 2018; World Meteorological Organization, 2019. \n2-1 Ranking of top 30 economic units by revenue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 \nSource: Babic, et al., 2017 \nNote: Country revenues are national government figures compared on exchange\nrate basis. \n2-2 Policy instruments by type and by concept of rights over nature. . . . . .\n. . . . . . . . . . . 56 \nSource: Adapted from Sterner, et al., 2019 \n2-3 Greenhouse gas emissions and employment by sector. . . . . . . . . . . . .\n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 \nSource: United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\n\n\n \n\nix\n\n\nContents\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2103633, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='40' style='font-size:22px'>comment</h1>\n<p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>we have identified 20 high-priority questions<br>that both define and advance our focus on<br>design behaviour for sustainability17.</p>\n<br><p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Identifying convergent research questions<br>is a milestone; albeit an early one. Going<br>forward to pursue these, and other yet-to-be-<br>uncovered questions, will require persistence<br>and teamwork far beyond this initial panel.<br>Going forward will require us to create even<br>more porous boundaries between physical,<br>formal, natural and behavioural sciences.</p>\n<br><p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>We are hard at work building and<br>enhancing the network \u2014 to learn about<br>and from design for sustainability through<br>long-term interactions across multiple<br>communities. Please contact any of the<br>co-authors if you are interested in getting<br>involved. We are eager to hear from you.</p>\n<p id='44' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Leidy Klotz\u200a \u200a1, John Pickering2,<br>Ruth Schmidt3 and Elke U. Weber4<br>1University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.</p>\n<br><p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>2Evidn, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. 3Illinois<br>Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA. 4Princeton<br>University, Princeton, NJ, USA.<br>e-mail: lk6me@virginia.edu</p>\n<p id='46' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Published online: 9 December 2019<br>https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0449-1</p>\n<h1 id='47' style='font-size:16px'>References</h1>\n<p id='48' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>\u2750</p>\n<br><p id='49' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>1. Lewis, S. L. & Maslin, M. A. Nature 519, 171\u2013180 (2015).<br>2. General Assembly of the United Nations Transforming Our World:<br>The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (United Nations,<br>2015).<br>3. Kollmuss, A. & Agyeman, J. Environ. Educ. Res. 8, 239\u2013260<br>(2002).<br>4. Larrick, R. P. & Soll, J. B. Science 320, 1593\u20131594 (2008).<br>5. Simon, H. A. Des. Issues 4, 67\u201382 (1988).<br>6. Acuto, M., Parnell, S. & Seto, K. C. Nat. Sustain. 1, 2\u20134 (2018).<br>7. Kahneman, D. Am. Econ. Rev. 93, 1449\u20131475 (2003).<br>8. Sunstein, C. Behavioral Law and Economics (Cambridge Univ.<br>Press, 2000).<br>9. Klotz, L. et\u00a0al. Nat. Sustain. 1, 225\u2013233 (2018).<br>10. Daly, S. R., Yilmaz, S., Christian, J. L., Seifert, C. M. & Gonzalez,<br>R. J. Eng. Educ. 101, 601\u2013629 (2012).</p>\n<br><p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>11. Dym, C. L., Agogino, A. M., Eris, O., Frey, D. D. & Leifer, L. J. J.<br>Eng. Educ. 94, 103\u2013120 (2005).</p>\n<br><p id='51' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>12. Brown, T. Harv. Bus. Rev. 86, 84\u201393 (2008).</p>\n<br><p id='52' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>13. Kinzig, A. P. et\u00a0al. BioScience 63, 164\u2013175 (2013).<br>14. Steg, L. & Vlek, C. J. Environ. Psychol. 29, 309\u2013317 (2009).<br>15. Swim, J. et\u00a0al. Psychology and Global Climate Change: Addressing a<br>Multi-faceted Phenomenon and Set of Challenges. A Report by the<br>American Psychological Association\u2019s Task Force on the Interface<br>between Psychology and Global Climate Change (American<br>Psychological Association, 2009).<br>16. Clark, W. C. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104,<br>1737\u20131738 (2007).<br>17. Twenty Questions About Design Behavior for Sustainability<br>(International Expert Panel on Behavioral Science for Design,<br>2019); https://www.nature.com/documents/design_behaviour_<br>for_sustainability.pdf</p>\n<p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Acknowledgements</p>\n<br><p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The panel benefits from the support of the University<br>of Virginia\u2019s Convergent Behavioral Science Initiative,<br>the Andlinger Center for Energy and Environment at<br>Princeton University, the Center for Decision Sciences<br>at Columbia University, the environmental initiatives<br>at ideas42 and at Evidn., and the National Science<br>Foundation, through awards #1840560 and #1744246.</p>\n<p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Competing interests<br>The authors declare no competing interests.</p>\n<footer id='56' style='font-size:14px'>NAture SuStAiNAbility \| VOL 2 \| December 2019 \| 1067\u20131069 \| www.nature.com/natsustain</footer>\n<br><footer id='57' style='font-size:16px'>1069</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2894983, "type": "text", "content": " \n\nBrenner M (1994) Practical R&D; project prioritization. Res Technol Manag \n37(5):38\u201342 \nBstieler L (2005) The moderating effects of environmental uncertainty on new \nproduct development and time efficiency. J Prod Innov Manag 23(3):267\u2013284 \nCicmil S, Williams T, Thomas J, Hodgson D (2006) Rethinking project \nmanagement: researching the actuality of projects. Int J Proj Manag \n24(8):675\u2013686 \nCook WD, Green RH (2000) Project prioritization: a resource-constrained data \nenvelopment analysis approach. Socioecon Plann Sci 34(2):85\u201399 \nDanneels E, Kleinschmidt EJ (2001) Product innovativeness from the firm\u2019s \nperspective. J Prod Innov Manag 18(6):357\u2013374 \nEl Emam K, Koru A (2008) A replicated survey of it software project failures. \nSoftware (IEEE) 25(5):84\u201390 \nGulla S (2012) Seven reasons why IT projects fail. IBM Systems Magazine. \nhttp://www.ibmsystemsmag.com/mainframe/tipstechniques/ \napplicationdevelopment/project_pitfalls. Last accessed 22 Nov 2013 \nHadad Y, Keren B, Laslo Z (2012) A decision-making support system module for \nproject manager selection according to past performance. Int J Proj Manag \n31(4):532\u2013541 \nHenriksen AD, Traynor AJ (2002) A practical R&D; project-selection scoring\ntool. \nIEEE Trans Eng Manag 46(2):158\u2013170 \nKavadias S, Loch CH (2004) Project selection under uncertainty: dynamically \nallocating resources to maximize value. Kluwer, Norwood, MA, USA \nKruglianskas I, Thamhain H (2000) Managing technology-based projects in \nmultinational environments. IEEE Trans Eng Manag 47(1):55\u201364 \nKumar PD (2006) Integrated project evaluation and selection using multiple- \nattribute decision-making technique. Int J Prod Econ 103(1):87 \nLarson E, Gray C (2011) \u201cOrganization strategy and project selection,\u201d Chapter\n2 in \nProject Management: The Management Process. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 22\u201363 \nLemon WF, Bowitz J, Burn J, Hackney R (2002) Information systems project\nfailure:\n\n\n \n\na comparative study of two countries. J Glob Inf Manag 10(2):28\u201339\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1124776, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='39' style='font-size:14px'>2020-2030.</h1>\n<h1 id='40' style='font-size:18px'>5.6 External expert interviews</h1>\n<p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Having identified the general issues and trends of interest to the research group and<br>selected two key uncertainties from those, a series of interviews were then arranged<br>with external experts. To select appropriate individuals, a longlist of potential experts<br>was drawn up in consultation with members of RESOLVE. A spreadsheet matrix was<br>created in order to mark out the external factors, consumption categories and sectors of<br>the economy that each potential expert could be said to represent. From this longlist, a<br>shortlist of individuals was then created, with the experts being selected in such a way<br>as to cover as much ground as possible in an initial round of interviews. Although a<br>provision was made to conduct a further round of interviews if deemed necessary, it<br>became clear during the first round that diminishing returns had set in, such that the<br>latter interviews tended to reaffirm the significance of key factors already identified.<br>The experts were sought from a variety of sectors, including academia, government,<br>business and industry, and included:</p>\n<p id='42' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Chris Foster, an environmental consultant for EuGeos Limited and visiting<br>research fellow at Manchester Business School. Mr Foster's research and<br>consultancy has included projects focusing on the sustainability of food<br>production and consumption.</p>\n<p id='43' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 David Kempton, a non-executive director of Impax Funds Ireland plc, \"an<br>environmentally focused fund management company for institutional and<br>private investors\". Mr Kempton is also Chairman of EGS Energy, engineered<br>geothermal systems, and an occasional columnist for 'citywire', a financial news<br>and investment magazine.</p>\n<p id='44' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Francesco Sindico, Lecturer and Deputy Director of the Environmental</p>\n<footer id='45' style='font-size:14px'>126</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 824462, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='44' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>are likelier to pursue sustainability due to alignment with business goals (38<br>percent) than for building reputation (27 percent).</p>\n<br><p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>By contrast, senior executives in the energy industry take an active approach to<br>managing sustainability, likely because of the potential for regulation and increas-<br>ing natural-resource constraints. Indeed, 10 percent of energy executives say ad-<br>dressing sustainability is the top priority on their CEOs\u2019 agendas (versus 3 percent<br>overall), and 31 percent say it\u2019s a top-three priority (versus 22 percent overall).<br>Further, energy executives are much likelier than others to be active in seeking op-<br>portunities to invest in sustainability (40 percent versus 28 percent), to integrate</p>\n<br><h1 id='46' style='font-size:16px'>it into their companies\u2019 business practices (43 percent versus 29 percent), and to</h1>\n<br><p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>shape regulation actively (29 percent versus 16 percent).<br>Except among energy companies, reporting practices are relatively poor, consider-<br>ing the impact executives say sustainability has on business. Particularly in light of<br>the role of sustainability in reputation-building efforts, for example, it\u2019s surprising<br>that companies do not take an active approach in communicating their initiatives<br>externally (Exhibit 4). Indeed, 62 percent of respondents say their companies do<br>not report sustainability metrics to investors or are unaware of their companies\u2019<br>sustainability-reporting practices\u2014even though more than 50 percent keep track</p>\n<br><p id='48' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>of the value created by sustainability in terms of reputation building and cost sav-</p>\n<br><h1 id='49' style='font-size:16px'>ings (Exhibit 5).</h1>\n<br><figure><img id='50' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"% of respondents1 Extent to which respondents agree or\ndisagree with given statement\nAgree Neutral Disagree\nInvestment in sustainability activities helps my company\nbuild its reputation, n = 1,725\nSustainability is integrated into my company\u2019 business\npractices, n = 1,735\nMy company actively seeks opportunities to invest in\nsustainability, n = 1,720\nInvestment in sustainability activities helps my company\nmanage risk, n = 1,686\nMy company actively seeks external views regarding its\nsustainability activities, n = 1,661\nMy company actively shapes sustainability regulation,\nn = 1,677\n1Excludes respondents who answered \u201cdon\u2019t know\u201d; figures may not sum to 100%, because of rounding.\" data-coord=\"top-left:(169,723); bottom-right:(901,1258)\" /></figure>\n<footer id='51' style='font-size:20px'>6</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 997128, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u2009 8</p>\n<br><h1 id='43' style='font-size:20px'>1. Introduction</h1>\n<p id='44' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The world faces a number of challenges . Economic globalisation, the depletion of natural<br>resources, demographic changes and the rise of new large economies will profoundly<br>affect many things we take for granted . The challenges that need to be addressed will be<br>geopolitical, technical, environmental, economic, and they are interacting at a pace that<br>is triggering different kinds of tensions . These tensions will present unique opportunities<br>for proactive actors to show how they can provide welfare in a sustainable way .</p>\n<p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The EU is one of the most affluent, technologically<br>advanced regions of the world and as a leader in<br>the field of sustainable development the EU has an<br>important role to play both within its borders and<br>beyond. The Lisbon agenda as well as the Sustain-<br>able Development Strategy could encourage a pos-<br>itive development if they are implemented in the<br>right way, as they are meant to support innovation<br>and a Europe that acts instead of just reacting.</p>\n<p id='46' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>A great deal of creativity and willingness to think<br>of completely new approaches to solve these chal-<br>lenges will be crucial. We must ensure that we<br>mainstream sustainability responses into the pri-<br>vate and public sectors\u2019 core strategic planning,<br>rather than continuing with \u2018business as usual\u2019 or<br>creating limited \u2018end-of-pipe\u2019 solutions.</p>\n<p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>One of the most pressing challenges is climate<br>change and the need to provide energy in a sus-<br>tainable way to meet the continuously increasing<br>demand due to growth in the world population and<br>rapid industrialisation in developing countries in<br>particular.</p>\n<p id='48' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The scenarios developed by the Intergovernmental<br>Panel on Climate Change project an increase in<br>global mean surface temperature of 2.0\u20136.4 de-<br>grees Celsius above pre-industrial levels by 2100,<br>increased incidence of floods and droughts, and a<br>rise in sea level of up to 88 centimetres between<br>1990 and 2100.1</p>\n<p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Not only are the potential impacts of climate<br>change under business as usual scenarios frighten-<br>ing, the use of fossil fuel is also related to a number<br>of other challenges that are of key importance for<br>the future. Reducing carbon emissions is linked to<br>higher resource efficiency that often results in a<br>general reduction of resource use and thereby giv-<br>ing a broader contribution to other environmen-<br>tal goals. A solution to climate change will also<br>address a chain of other important issues such as<br>oil spills, oil/coal exploration in sensitive areas,<br>international conflicts to secure energy demands,<br>and even terrorism. As senior officials in the EU<br>have stressed, \u201csmart development\u201d is more im-<br>portant than \u201csmart bombs\u201d for sustainable de-<br>velopment.2</p>\n<br><p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The EU has been one of the first to acknowledge<br>the need to act. It concluded that at least a 15-<br>30% cut in greenhouse gas emissions should be<br>considered for rich countries by 2020 and reduc-<br>tions by 60-80 percent until 2050 have been dis-<br>cussed3. An unprecedented joint statement from<br>the world\u2019s main national scientific academies<br>(France, Russia, Germany, United States, Japan,<br>Italy, Canada, Brazil, China, and India) in June<br>2005 urged the leaders of the G8 summit to com-<br>mit to taking prompt action to reduce emissions of<br>green-house gases, based on the principles of the<br>UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention<br>on Climate Change)4. To reach these reductions it<br>is necessary to move beyond marginal improve-<br>ments.</p>\n<p id='51' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>So far most of the focus has been on the supply<br>side and energy efficiency in existing appliances.<br>While this is enough to reach the Kyoto target it is<br>not enough to reach the reductions necessary for<br>keeping the temperature increase below 2 degrees<br>Celsius in a situation where emerging economies<br>like China and India will become leading global<br>economies. To provide global welfare with dramat-<br>ic reductions of CO2 there is a need to look beyond<br>marginal reductions. The inability to reach the nec-<br>essary long-term reductions with the current focus<br>in the EU is something that many experts have<br>highlighted.5</p>\n<p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The possibility to move beyond marginal changes<br>is greatly enhanced by the increased use of Infor-<br>mation and Communication Technology (ICT) in<br>society. The move beyond marginal changes could<br>however result in a move in both directions as ICT<br>to a large extent can be viewed as a catalyst. ICT<br>can contribute to the acceleration of the current<br>trends, through everything from increased explora-<br>tion of fossil fuel and more wasteful consumption<br>through new marketing to more transportation due<br>to ICT driven just-in-time-systems. The increased<br>use of ICT solutions in the financial sector has<br>shortened the decision making process, mean-<br>ing that long-term issues may not always receive<br>enough consideration.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2167697, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='36' data-category='index' style='font-size:14px'>2-10 Solutions to reduce agricultural emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70<br>Source: Searchinger et al. 2018<br>2-11 Impact of nitrogen fertilizer use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73<br>2-12 Energy decarbonization with universal access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77<br>Source: International Energy Agency, 2018a; International Energy Agency 2019;<br>United Nations, 2018c; World Bank, 2019a; World Health Organization, 2018b<br>2-13 The emissions gap: current commitments insufficient to achieve<br>necessary reductions in emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77<br>Source: United Nations Environment Programme, 2018<br>2-14 Urban and peri-urban development: growing cities, growing impacts. . . . . . . . . . . . 84<br>Source: International Energy Agency 2016; International Resource Panel, 2018;<br>United Nations, 2018a; United Nations Environment Programme, 2016c; United Nations<br>Environment Programme, 2017b; World Bank, 2019f<br>2-15 Human survival and the global environmental commons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95<br>Source: Food and Agriculture Organization, 2018d; Food and Agriculture Organization, 2018e;<br>International Energy Agency, 2018; International Energy Agency, 2019; United Nations 2018d;<br>World Bank, 2019; World Health Organization, 2018<br>3-1 Types of sustainability challenges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112<br>Source: Adapted from Messerli and Bieri, 2018<br>3-2 Research and development expenditure worldwide, 2015. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119<br>Source: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 2019<br>TABLES<br>1-1 Projected distance from targets by 2030 (at current trends) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10<br>Source: Calculations based on data from United Nations, 2019; United Nations Development<br>Programme, 2018; World Meteorological Organization, 2019.<br>2-1 Ranking of top 30 economic units by revenue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54<br>Source: Babic, et al., 2017<br>Note: Country revenues are national government figures compared on exchange rate basis.<br>2-2 Policy instruments by type and by concept of rights over nature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56<br>Source: Adapted from Sterner, et al., 2019<br>2-3 Greenhouse gas emissions and employment by sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58<br>Source: United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</p>\n<br><p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>ix</p>\n<footer id='38' style='font-size:14px'>Contents</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2395091, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='67' style='font-size:20px'>SHOULD\u00a0WE\u00a0LEAVE\u00a0THE\u00a0ENVIRONMENTAL\u00a0ISSUES\u00a0TO\u00a0THE\u00a0EXPERTS\u00a0AND\u00a0<br>SCIENTISTS?\u00a0\u00a0</header>\n<p id='68' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>\u00a0</p>\n<figure data-category='chart'><img id='69' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"Uganda\nGhana (Centr)\nLesotho\nSwaziland\nZimbabwe\nBotswana\nPhilippines\nBangladesh\nIndia (Guj)\nIndia (Mumb)\nMalaysia\nTrinidad & T.\nTurkey\nGreece\nPortugal\nSpain (Bal)\nRussia (Kar)\nPoland\nCzech Rep.\nLatvia\nEstonia\nSlovenia\nAustria\nGermany\nIreland\nScotland\nN. Ireland\nEngland\nJapan\nFinland\nIceland\nSweden\nDenmark\nNorway\n0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100\nMean D4. Science and technology can solve all\nenvironmental problems\" data-coord=\"top-left:(160,305); bottom-right:(1047,1440)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='70' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>\u00a0</p>\n<p id='71' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Sj\u00f8berg\u00a0and\u00a0Schreiner:\u00a0ROSE\u00a0data\u00a0related\u00a0to\u00a0environmental\u00a0challenges\u00a0\u00a0</p>\n<p id='72' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>\u00a0</p>\n<br><footer id='73' style='font-size:16px'>Page\u00a020\u00a0</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Suppose an expert is determining which challenge to prioritize resource allocation for. They decide to prioritize based on how many experts cited each challenge. Given that emissions and design complexity are the top concerns, which should they prioritize if their resource can cover only 50% of the experts?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 45, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 2563090, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='165' style='font-size:22px'>LIFE<br>STILL<br>HOLDERS<br>&<br>PANELS</header>\n<br><figure><img id='166' style='font-size:16px' alt=\"150\n500-750-1000-1500\" data-coord=\"top-left:(103,193); bottom-right:(609,443)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='167' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>PANEL WITH HOLES MT007</p>\n<p id='168' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>These panels have plastic clips at either end which grip onto tubes to allow the<br>creation of continuos planes (non-walkable) for use as shelves, supports or narrow<br>walls. Length: 500mm.</p>\n<p id='169' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>PANEL WITH HOLES MT008 Not illustrated</p>\n<h1 id='170' style='font-size:16px'>Length: 750mm.</h1>\n<p id='171' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>PANEL WITH HOLES MT009 Not illustrated</p>\n<p id='172' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Length: 1000mm.</p>\n<p id='173' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>PANEL WITH HOLES MT011 Not illustrated</p>\n<p id='174' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Length: 1500mm.</p>\n<br><figure><img id='175' style='font-size:16px' alt=\"150\n500-750-1000-1500\" data-coord=\"top-left:(648,215); bottom-right:(1151,446)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='176' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>PANEL MT007P</p>\n<p id='177' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Same as MT007, without holes.<br>Length: 500mm.</p>\n<p id='178' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>PANEL MT008P Not illustrated</p>\n<p id='179' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Length: 750mm.</p>\n<p id='180' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>PANEL MT009P Not illustrated</p>\n<p id='181' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Length: 1000mm.</p>\n<p id='182' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>PANEL MT011P Not illustrated</p>\n<figure><img id='183' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"300\n220\n53\n40\" data-coord=\"top-left:(75,1147); bottom-right:(621,1422)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='184' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Length: 1500mm.</p>\n<h1 id='185' style='font-size:20px'>BROCHURE HOLDER MT062</h1>\n<br><figure><img id='186' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"35-45\n40\n78\n78\" data-coord=\"top-left:(613,1171); bottom-right:(1152,1415)\" /></figure>\n<p id='187' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Brochure holder.</p>\n<br><p id='188' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>AUTOPOLE TO MULTITUBE ADAPTER MT052</p>\n<br><p id='189' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Used in conjunction with MT021 to connect multitube with 40-45mm tubes.</p>\n<footer id='190' style='font-size:16px'>96</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 666978, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='99' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"Westside & Builder Series Sign Systems\nLet us design a street sign system that not only meets your\ncommunity signage requirements, but can also match your\nmailboxes, golf course and directional signs. Our street\nsigns are constructed entirely of aluminum and stainless\nsteel and will not rust or rot.\nStreet sign blades and frames are made of cast aluminum.\nSpecify either hanging (H) or bolt-on (B). Sign frames for all\nresidential traffic sign shapes can be bolted onto the pole.\nAll signs are built to DOT specs which measure 7\u2019 from\nbottom of first sign to ground unless designated otherwise.\nOverall height is determined by configuration. Poles come\nin three lengths: 14\u2019, 12\u2019, and 11\u2019. Pole diameter is 3\u201d OD or\n4\u201d square. Black is the standard color for street sign poles.\nCustom pole colors available.\nWe have all grades of DOT sign faces available. Our\nsigns meet current DOT regulations for reflectivity in most\ncommunities (higher grade reflectivity available). Just let us\nknow your requirements.\nSign Frame Options\nHandsome recessed frame enhances and protects sign.\nFrames available for all sign styles and shapes.\nRound Finial Options\nYield Sign Frame\n#1: #3: #4: #5: #6:\nHorsehead Pineapple Ball Urn Acorn\nRound Pole Shape\nStop Sign Frame\n#S Smooth #F Fluted\nBase Options\n#5: Split Compact\nSquare/Diamond\nSign Frame\n#7: Ornate #8: Fluted #6: Split Short Fluted\n10 Order Toll Free: 1-800-265-0041\" data-coord=\"top-left:(44,33); bottom-right:(1209,1629)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='100' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Volume Discounts Available</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3128854, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='0' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(28,25); bottom-right:(339,1606)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='1' style='font-size:20px' alt=\"374-589-1062\nOffice Name\nAssociate\nName or Team\" data-coord=\"top-left:(355,305); bottom-right:(565,520)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>48\u201d x 48\u201d Site Signs</p>\n<br><p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>10MM Corrugated Plastic Signs</p>\n<br><p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>These sign panels are lightweight, moisture proof and outdoor durable.</p>\n<br><table id='5' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>ITEM #</td><td></td><td>3</td><td>5</td><td>10</td><td>15</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>18C412</td><td>48\" x 48\" Site Sign Panel - Single Faced</td><td>48.35</td><td>43.55</td><td>40.60</td><td>39.55</td><td>38.55</td></tr><tr><td>18C812</td><td>48\u201d x 48\u201d Site Sign Panel - Double Faced</td><td>62.45</td><td>57.35</td><td>54.85</td><td>53.35</td><td>52.35</td></tr><tr><td>18C414</td><td>48\" x 96\" Site Sign Panel - Single Faced</td><td>79.65</td><td>74.05</td><td>71.55</td><td>70.20</td><td>69.05</td></tr><tr><td>18C814</td><td>48\" x 96\" Site Sign Panel - Double Faced</td><td>106.15</td><td>100.35</td><td>97.95</td><td>96.75</td><td>95.80</td></tr></table>\n<p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>24 Gauge Steel Sign Panels</p>\n<br><p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>These signs can be mounted to 4\u2019 x 4\u2019 posts.</p>\n<br><p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Price each. Shipped FOB, Lowen.</p>\n<table id='9' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>ITEM #</td><td></td><td>3</td><td>5</td><td>10</td><td>15</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>18Z483</td><td>48\" x 48\" Site Sign Panel - Single Faced</td><td>58.55</td><td>53.55</td><td>51.15</td><td>49.75</td><td>48.75</td></tr><tr><td>18Z883</td><td>48\" x 48\" Site Sign Panel - Double Faced</td><td>71.60</td><td>66.20</td><td>64.65</td><td>63.35</td><td>62.35</td></tr></table>\n<p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>3MM Omegabond Signs</p>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Painted aluminum over a solid plastic core. An alternative to corrugated plastic.</p>\n<br><p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>48\u201d x 96\u201d Site Signs</p>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Price each. Shipped FOB, Lowen.</p>\n<figure><img id='14' style='font-size:18px' alt=\"48\u201d x 48\u201d Gibraltar Unit\" data-coord=\"top-left:(348,780); bottom-right:(563,1109)\" /></figure>\n<br><table id='15' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>ITEM #</td><td></td><td>3</td><td>5</td><td>10</td><td>15</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>18L412</td><td>48\" x 48\" Site Sign Panel - Single Faced</td><td>60.35</td><td>56.95</td><td>55.00</td><td>53.75</td><td>52.80</td></tr><tr><td>18L812</td><td>48\" x 48\" Site Sign Panel - Double Faced</td><td>72.55</td><td>68.80</td><td>67.15</td><td>66.05</td><td>65.35</td></tr></table>\n<p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>6MM Alumalite Signs</p>\n<br><p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Need a rugged material for your commercial listings? Try our Alumalite panels, another alternative<br>to corrugated plastic.</p>\n<br><table id='18' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>ITEM #</td><td></td><td>3</td><td>5</td><td>10</td><td>15</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>18U414</td><td>48\" x 96\" Site Sign Panel - Single Faced</td><td>145.75</td><td>141.95</td><td>141.75</td><td>140.95</td><td>140.00</td></tr><tr><td>18U814</td><td>48\" x 96\" Site Sign Panel - Double Faced</td><td>169.60</td><td>165.05</td><td>162.25</td><td>161.35</td><td>160.35</td></tr></table>\n<p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>24 Gauge Steel Gibraltar Unit</p>\n<br><p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Price each. Shipped FOB, Lowen.</p>\n<p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>This durable powder coated 72\u201d frame comes assembled with our 24 gauge double faced steel<br>panel. Makes installation easy!</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 189963, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='0' style='font-size:16px'>www.bdhtullford.co.uk<br>01603 620780</header>\n<br><figure><img id='1' style='font-size:16px' alt=\"Wall Flags TM30\nStay in touch:\" data-coord=\"top-left:(104,96); bottom-right:(1075,1204)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='2' style='font-size:20px'>An eye-catching, beautifully<br>printed and cost-effective POS<br>display product suitable for<br>both indoor and outdoor use.</h1>\n<h1 id='3' style='font-size:14px'>Key Features:</h1>\n<br><p id='4' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u00b7 Suitable for screw-fixing to walls.<br>\u00b7 Pennant made from total block heavyweight reinforced PVC.<br>\u00b7 Kit includes an injection-moulded polypropylene bracket<br>with self-adhesive pad, PVC pole, finial and collar.<br>\u00b7 Tapered bracket ensures excellent pole grip and helps to<br>prevent loss in windy conditions.<br>\u00b7 Custom-shaped flags available (MOQ 20)<br>\u00b7 Custom wave-shaped bottom edge available on request</p>\n<figure><img id='5' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"Wave Cut Straight Cut\nTM30 W TM30\nDisplay Area:\nDisplay area approx.:\n600mm x 400mm x 400mm\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1122,740); bottom-right:(1575,1092)\" /></figure>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 189962, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='72' style='font-size:18px'>www.bdhtullford.co.uk<br>01603 620780</header>\n<br><h1 id='73' style='font-size:20px'>NEW Projecting Wall Swing Sign</h1>\n<figure><img id='74' style='font-size:16px' alt=\"Side Profile Tough powder-coated\nSwing Movement\nwelded steel bracket.\nKey Features:\n\u00b7 Wall fixing plate 140mm x140mm\n\u00b7 Pole available in two lengths 630mm and 725mm\n210mm \u00b7 Unique high-quality moulded stap and saddle fixing system\n\u00b7 Panels screen printed or digitally printed.\n700mm\n4 9 0 m m\nin touch:\" data-coord=\"top-left:(110,194); bottom-right:(1720,1175)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='75' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Stay</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3397754, "type": "html", "content": "<br><p id='76' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>WEDGE STAND</p>\n<p id='77' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The wedge stand comes in a variety of sizes and can<br>support foamex up to 10mm thick and 1500mm high</p>\n<p id='78' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The 2 separate base pieces join together with bolts<br>that go through the graphic to create a freestanding<br>display with a stylish silver base.</p>\n<p id='79' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>38 UV</p>\n<br><table id='80' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>Width</td><td>Height</td></tr><tr><td>300mm</td><td>1500mm</td></tr><tr><td>600mm</td><td>1500mm</td></tr><tr><td>800mm</td><td>1500mm</td></tr><tr><td>1000mm</td><td>1500mm</td></tr></table>\n<p id='81' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>\u2022 Bespoke shape<br>graphics available<br>\u2022 Graphic can be wider<br>than base</p>\n<br><h1 id='82' style='font-size:14px'>3-5 day<br>turnaround</h1>\n<figure><img id='83' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1296,189); bottom-right:(1544,1007)\" /></figure>\n<h1 id='84' style='font-size:14px'>Foamex</h1>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1263424, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='0' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(24,35); bottom-right:(327,1603)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='1' style='font-size:22px'>Commercial Signs</h1>\n<figure><img id='2' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(344,308); bottom-right:(564,526)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>10MM Corrugated Plastic Signs</p>\n<p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>48\u201d x 48\u201d Site Signs</p>\n<br><p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>These site sign panels are lightweight, moisture proof and outdoor durable.</p>\n<br><table id='6' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>ITEM #</td><td></td><td>3</td><td>5</td><td>10</td><td>15</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>21C412</td><td>48\" x 48\" Black Panel - Single Faced</td><td>48.35</td><td>43.55</td><td>40.60</td><td>39.50</td><td>38.55</td></tr><tr><td>21C812</td><td>48\u201d x 48\u201d Black Panel - Double Faced</td><td>62.45</td><td>57.35</td><td>54.85</td><td>53.35</td><td>52.35</td></tr><tr><td>21C412-WBG</td><td>48\" x 48\" White Panel - Single Faced</td><td>48.35</td><td>43.55</td><td>40.60</td><td>39.50</td><td>38.55</td></tr><tr><td>21C812-WBG</td><td>48\" x 48\" White Panel - Double Faced</td><td>62.45</td><td>57.35</td><td>54.85</td><td>53.35</td><td>52.35</td></tr><tr><td>21C417</td><td>36\" x 36\" Black Panel - Single Faced</td><td>47.90</td><td>38.50</td><td>32.70</td><td>30.55</td><td>28.85</td></tr><tr><td>21C817</td><td>36\u201d x 36\u201d Black Panel - Double Faced</td><td>56.55</td><td>47.15</td><td>41.70</td><td>39.80</td><td>37.90</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Price each. Shipped FOB, Lowen.</p>\n<br><p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>24 Gauge Steel Sign Panels</p>\n<br><p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>These site signs can be mounted to 4\u2019 x 4\u2019 posts.</p>\n<br><figure><img id='10' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(406,576); bottom-right:(562,722)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>36\u201d x 36\u201d Site Signs</p>\n<br><table id='12' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td colspan=\"2\">ITEM #</td><td>3</td><td>5</td><td>10</td><td>15</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>21Z483</td><td>48\" x 48\" Black Panel - Single Faced</td><td>58.55</td><td>53.50</td><td>51.15</td><td>49.70</td><td>48.75</td></tr><tr><td>21Z883</td><td>48\" x 48\" Black Panel - Double Faced</td><td>71.75</td><td>66.40</td><td>64.85</td><td>63.55</td><td>62.50</td></tr><tr><td>21Z483WBG</td><td>48\u201d x 48\u201d White Panel - Single Faced</td><td>58.55</td><td>53.50</td><td>51.15</td><td>49.70</td><td>48.75</td></tr><tr><td>21Z883WBG</td><td>48\u201d x 48\u201d White Panel - Double Faced</td><td>71.75</td><td>66.40</td><td>64.85</td><td>63.55</td><td>62.50</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>3MM Omegabond Panels</p>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Painted aluminum over a solid plastic core. Exhibits professional semi-gloss appearance.</p>\n<br><figure><img id='15' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(345,798); bottom-right:(554,1002)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Price each. Shipped FOB, Lowen.</p>\n<table id='17' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td colspan=\"2\">ITEM #</td><td>3</td><td>5</td><td>10</td><td>15</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>21L412</td><td>48\" x 48\" Black Panel - Single Faced</td><td>60.30</td><td>56.95</td><td>55.00</td><td>53.75</td><td>52.80</td></tr><tr><td>21L812</td><td>48\" x 48\" Black Panel - Double Faced</td><td>72.55</td><td>68.80</td><td>67.15</td><td>66.05</td><td>65.30</td></tr><tr><td>21L412-WBG</td><td>48\" x 48\" White Panel - Single Faced</td><td>60.30</td><td>56.95</td><td>55.00</td><td>53.75</td><td>52.80</td></tr><tr><td>21L812-WBG</td><td>48\" x 48\" White Panel - Double Faced</td><td>72.55</td><td>68.80</td><td>67.15</td><td>66.05</td><td>65.30</td></tr></table>\n<p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>48\u201d x 48\u201d Site Signs</p>\n<br><p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>24 Gauge Steel Gibraltar Unit</p>\n<br><p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>This durable powder coated 72\u201d frame comes assembled with our 24 gauge double faced steel<br>panel. Makes installation easy!</p>\n<br><table id='21' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>ITEM #</td><td></td><td>3</td><td>5</td><td>10</td><td>15</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>21Z998</td><td>48\" x 48\" Gibraltar Unit - Black Panel</td><td>147.30</td><td>140.00</td><td>139.35</td><td>137.85</td><td>136.65</td></tr><tr><td>21Z998-WBG</td><td>48\" x 48\" Gibraltar Unit - White Panel</td><td>147.30</td><td>140.00</td><td>139.35</td><td>137.85</td><td>136.65</td></tr><tr><td>21-633</td><td>Gibraltar Frame Only</td><td>62.95</td><td>61.45</td><td>61.30</td><td>61.10</td><td>60.75</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Price each. Shipped FOB, Lowen.</p>\n<p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>48\u201d x 48\u201d Gibraltar Unit</p>\n<br><p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>with White Panel</p>\n<br><figure><img id='25' style='font-size:18px' alt=\"48\u201d x 48\u201d Gibraltar Unit\nwith Black Panel\" data-coord=\"top-left:(586,1188); bottom-right:(816,1523)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Price each. Shipped FOB, Lowen.</p>\n<figure><img id='27' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(995,1315); bottom-right:(1215,1439)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Specifications and pricing are subject to<br>change without notice. We reserve the<br>right to correct typographical errors.</p>\n<p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Lit. # CE-157 \u00a9 8/16 Lowen Corporation</p>\n<p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Order Desk: 800.545.5505 Fax: 800.846.4466 www.lowensign.com</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3397802, "type": "html", "content": "<br><h1 id='48' style='font-size:22px'>FOAMEX</h1>\n<p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Foamex can be used for a range of applications,<br>such as external signs for shops, graphics at<br>exhibitions or even life size standees. Available in<br>a variety of thicknesses, foamex is perfect for short<br>term signage.</p>\n<table id='50' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>Thickness/weight</td><td>1mm (1000 micron)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>2mm (2000 micron)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>3mm (3000 micron)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\"></td><td>5mm (5000 micron)</td></tr><tr><td>10mm (10000 micron)</td></tr></table>\n<br><h1 id='51' style='font-size:14px'>Maximum sizes 1.5m x 3m</h1>\n<br><h1 id='52' style='font-size:20px'>Finishing Options:</h1>\n<br><figure data-category='chart'><img id='53' style='font-size:18px' alt=\"\u2022 Cut to shape\n\u2022 Single and Double\nSide Printing\n\u2022 Drill Holes\n\u2022 Velcro\n\u2022 Laminated\n86\" data-coord=\"top-left:(7,773); bottom-right:(749,1328)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='54' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(889,484); bottom-right:(1668,1055)\" /></figure>\n<footer id='55' style='font-size:14px'>UV - Print and Mount SAV</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 666991, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>A \| Winchester Column Mount Box</p>\n<br><p id='46' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>This mailbox has the \u201cweathered look\u201d that\u2019s never out of<br>style. Inset into a column, pilaster or wall. Optional welded<br>address numbers available. Solid brass faceplate is 9-1/2\u201d<br>x 9-5/8\u201d, brass box is 8\u201d x 8-7/8\u201d x 17-1/2\u201d. Finished in a rich<br>polished patina (\u201cPAP\u201d finish).<br>WCH-175 Winchester column mount box<br>Winchester options: Lock option. 3\u201d welded numbers.</p>\n<p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>B \| Classic Faceplate</p>\n<br><p id='48' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Classic Faceplate of cast aluminum with polished brass<br>accents and aluminum masonry box. Easily inset into a<br>column, pilaster or wall. Faceplate is 14-7/8\u201d x 13-1/8\u201d x 1\u201d.<br>Box is 13-1/8\u201d x 11-3/8\u201d x 10\u201d.</p>\n<br><p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>CF-S Classic Faceplate with polished brass accents<br>Classic Faceplate options: Security option. Accents:<br>antique bronze or satin nickel accents.</p>\n<p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Classic Faceplate Color Options</p>\n<br><figure><img id='51' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"Black Metallic Bronze White\" data-coord=\"top-left:(136,447); bottom-right:(461,537)\" /></figure>\n<p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Lettasafe Collection Boxes</p>\n<p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>your wall.</p>\n<br><p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Made from quality materials and manufactured in England,<br>these large capacity mailboxes offer secure mail storage.<br>The front and rear castings (including the door and flap) are<br>made in English foundries from solid LM6 grade aluminum.<br>The inner compartment sleeve is manufactured from sturdy<br>zintec coated steel, and internal components are made<br>from solid brass or stainless steel. For long life, all metal<br>components are phosphate coated before being finished in<br>a durable top quality powder coat finish. The lock is made<br>from tough black polycarbonate.<br>LSF-LS05 Bloomsbury Rear Access Collection Mailbox:<br>Mounted through a masonry wall or fence, mail is delivered<br>through the front flap and retrieved from the rear lockable<br>secure access door. Bloomsbury mailbox dimensions: 12\u201dW<br>x 17\u201dH x 13\u201dD. Rear access door opening dimensions: 7\u201dW<br>x 7-1/2\u201dH. Incoming opening dimensions: 9\u201dW x 2-1/2\u201dH.<br>Weight: 15 lb. Options: Anti-theft high security plate<br>(HS-PLATE)(slot opening: 9\u201d x 1\u201d). Personalize with your<br>property name or number in vinyl.<br>Bloomsbury options: Vinyl address. Anti-theft high<br>security plate (HS-PLATE).<br>LIB-LM6 Liberty Rear Access Collection Mailbox: Mounted<br>through a wall, mail is delivered through a conventional<br>letter plate. The mail then passes through a chute, drops<br>into a collection box and is retrieved from the rear lockable<br>secure access door. The chute depth can be adjusted to<br>match the thickness of your wall. The chute is held in place<br>with masonry and silicone adhesive (not provided). Liberty<br>mailbox dimensions: 11-1/2\u201dW x 16-1/2\u201dH x 14\u201dD. Rear<br>access door opening dimensions: 7\u201dW x 7-1/2\u201dH. Incoming<br>slot opening dimensions: 9\u201dW x 2-1/2\u201dH. Weight: 18 lb.<br>Options: Letter plates available in antique copper, black,<br>bronze or silver. Adjustable chute to match the thickness of</p>\n<br><p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Lettasafe Liberty Letter Plates & Chutes</p>\n<br><p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Liberty letter plates and chutes may be purchased<br>separately for installation into front doors, garage doors,<br>walls or masonry. The letter plate is made from solid<br>aluminum and powder coated in a choice of antique copper,<br>black, bronze or silver. Liberty letter plate dimensions:<br>12-1/2\u201dW x 5\u201dH x 1\u201dD. Incoming slot opening dimensions:<br>9\u201dW x 2-1/2\u201dH.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 189961, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='63' style='font-size:22px'>Litter Bins</h1>\n<br><header id='64' style='font-size:18px'>www.bdhtullford.co.uk<br>01603 620780</header>\n<h1 id='65' style='font-size:20px'>Practical and functional yet<br>eye-catching. Suitable for<br>both indoor and outdoor use.</h1>\n<br><figure><img id='66' style='font-size:16px' alt=\"5ft 9\u201d\n1750mm\nStay in touch:\" data-coord=\"top-left:(77,209); bottom-right:(1153,1153)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='67' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(87,1120); bottom-right:(202,1176)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='68' style='font-size:14px'>Key Features:</h1>\n<p id='69' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u00b7 Two different graphic packages available:<br>\u2022 Body graphic on a colour co-ordinated moulding<br>\u2022 Complete body and bin top graphic wrap on a colour<br>co-ordinated moulding.<br>\u00b7 Tough two-piece bin rotationally moulded in high-quality<br>polyethylene<br>\u00b7 Weighted base for stability<br>\u00b7 Produced in a wide range of colours<br>\u00b7 Now available with a loose rigid liner.</p>\n<p id='70' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Display Area<br>Body wrap 565mm H x 1200mm L</p>\n<p id='71' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Overall Dimensions:<br>Height: 835mm<br>Diameter: 400mm<br>Weight: 9.5kgs</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}]	A customer needs a sign with a wall fixing plate size of 140mm x 140mm and a choice of two different pole lengths. Which product meets these criteria?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 48, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["tabular reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 1685487, "type": "html", "content": "<br><p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Another important component of any vocabulary course is selecting words that will offer<br>the most benefit in terms of students' development. High-frequency words lists are naturally an<br>essential component of a basic vocabulary course as they offer students the best returns in terms<br>of text coverage (Nation, 2013). In terms of useful word frequency lists available to instructors<br>setting up a MALL-based program, the New General Service List (Browne, Culligan, & Phillips,<br>2013) offers teachers and students a high frequency word list based on modern corpora that also<br>gives a high degree of coverage (90.34% in the Cambridge Educational Corpus) from 2,818<br>words. The New General Service List can also be accessed via a number of online flash card<br>programs such as Memrise and Quizlet. The use of high frequency word lists also has the added<br>benefit of avoiding interference caused by the study of vocabulary in semantic sets (e.g.,<br>grouping words by topic like 'clothes' or fruit'). It has been shown that this common practice in<br>many teaching materials actually has a negative effect on the efficient memorization of these<br>items and should be avoided as much as possible by educators (Nation, 2013). Grouping words<br>by frequency, while primarily highlighting the most important words to learners, also has the<br>added benefit of sidestepping this practice of semantic grouping.</p>\n<br><p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>As in the case of training students in using technology, some class time should be set<br>aside at the start of a course to have a discussion, be it in English or in the students' L1, about the<br>necessity for vocabulary learning. An open and honest dialogue about the contextual constraints,<br>such as time, that both instructor and student face, a simplified presentation of important findings<br>from L2 vocabulary research, and an explanation of the benefits of studying high-frequency<br>words allows students 'behind the curtain', making them partners, rather than subjects, in an</p>\n<p id='31' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\t\r \u00a0</p>\n<br><footer id='32' style='font-size:14px'>21\t\r \u00a0 \t\r \u00a0</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3061795, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='255' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Now in a new edition, this four-level series continues to focus on a unique process methodology \u2014 encouraging<br>students to develop a strategic approach and begin to view reading in English as a problem-solving activity rather<br>than a translation exercise. With expanded emphasis on vocabulary acquisition and learning strategies, and updated<br>Extensive Reading sections, these new editions help students develop the multiple skills and strategies necessary for</p>\n<br><figure><img id='256' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1046,842); bottom-right:(1152,966)\" /></figure>\n<p id='257' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>success.</p>\n<h1 id='258' style='font-size:20px'>Ready to Write Series</h1>\n<br><p id='259' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Reading Power 1 Student Book 978 0 131 30549 6 Reading Power 3 Student Book 978 0 130 61199 4</p>\n<br><p id='260' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Reading Power 2 Student Book 978 0 131 30548 9 Reading Power 4 Student Book 978 0 131 99027 2</p>\n<h1 id='261' style='font-size:18px'>Karen Blanchard and Christine Root</h1>\n<br><p id='262' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>A fresh new design and updated content marks 25 years of this easy-to-teach series. It provides basic writing<br>instruction, dependable strategies, and many opportunities for students to use the composition skills they need to be<br>successful writers in and out of the classroom.</p>\n<br><figure><img id='263' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"4\nLEVELS\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1035,1004); bottom-right:(1153,1141)\" /></figure>\n<p id='264' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Beginner \u2013 Higher Intermediate</p>\n<h1 id='265' style='font-size:20px'>From Reading to Writing</h1>\n<br><figure><img id='266' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(449,1387); bottom-right:(505,1427)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='267' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Text 978 0 130 42463 1</p>\n<table id='268' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>Student Book 1 w/Audio CD</td><td>978 0 132 05066 1</td><td>Student Book 3 w/Audio CD</td><td>978 0 132 33096 1</td></tr><tr><td>Student Book 2 w/Audio CD</td><td>978 0 136 12780 2</td><td>Student Book 4 w/Audio CD</td><td>978 0 131 58867 7</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='269' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Beginning \u2013 Advanced</p>\n<br><p id='270' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Series Editor \u2013 Linda Robinson Fellag</p>\n<br><figure><img id='271' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"3\nLEVELS\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1039,1216); bottom-right:(1151,1356)\" /></figure>\n<p id='272' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>This four-level, researched-based course provides a complete sequence of high-interest, thematically connected<br>activities that fully integrate reading and writing. Students improve their academic writing skills, and become more<br>con\ufb01 dent and successful readers.</p>\n<p id='273' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>VOCABULARY</p>\n<br><figure><img id='274' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"4\nLEVELS\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1036,1384); bottom-right:(1154,1527)\" /></figure>\n<h1 id='275' style='font-size:20px'>Focus On Vocabulary</h1>\n<br><h1 id='276' style='font-size:18px'>Diane Schmitt and Norbert Schmitt</h1>\n<br><p id='277' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Upper Intermediate \u2013 Advanced</p>\n<p id='278' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Focus on Vocabulary introduces students to the Academic Word List, the most frequently used words in academic<br>texts. The emphasis is on use and recycling terms to helps students use the list more effectively.</p>\n<br><p id='279' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Book 978 0 131 83308 1</p>\n<p id='280' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>8. Skills.indd Sec1:92 2/9/09 13:20:18</p>\n<br><figure><img id='281' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"3\nLEVELS\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1033,1556); bottom-right:(1156,1708)\" /></figure>\n<br><footer id='282' style='font-size:20px'>92</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3377624, "type": "html", "content": "<br><h1 id='41' style='font-size:20px'>rationale and research</h1>\n<br><h1 id='42' style='font-size:16px'>Is this a \u201cno-prep\u201d or \u201cjust-print\u201d vocabulary resource?</h1>\n<br><p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Even though everything has been created for you in an effort to make this<br>intentional vocabulary time as easy and stress-free as possible, this is not a \u201cjust-<br>print\u201d or \u201cno-prep\u201d resource. Why? As a teacher and a curriculum author, I do not<br>believe that such an important concept as vocabulary can possibly be given the<br>credit it deserves in a \u201cjust-print\u201d format. Each week, I suggest reading through<br>the short introduction passage, read-aloud booklet, and suggested teacher<br>discussion questions so that you can be prepared to discuss the concepts,<br>scenarios, and comprehension material with your students. I also suggest<br>previewing the weekly focus words and taking a look at the synonyms, antonyms,<br>definitions, and example sentences. You may even want to come up with additional<br>examples of your own to meet the individual background needs of your students. In<br>addition to previewing the material, there will be vocabulary cards and some<br>supplemental materials to cut out and laminate (if you wish). Personally, I like to<br>present the introduction stories for Lesson 1 in a pocket chart with pocket chart<br>sentence strips. If this is something you wish to do, it will require just a few<br>minutes of prep time at the beginning of the week. The weekly anchor chart that<br>you create with your students can be completed with them during Lesson 1 and will<br>not take more than a few minutes.</p>\n<p id='44' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>I have other word lists that my district requires me to teach. Can you add these<br>words, or can I use the lessons with my own word lists?</p>\n<br><p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The specific design of this resource was created for grades K-2. In each grade<br>level, the word lists are entirely different so that students can complete the<br>curriculum from kindergarten to second grade and not have any repeated words<br>from week to week. I have chosen Tier 2 words that are important for your<br>students to know and words they will commonly use, hear, see, and read<br>throughout their entire lives. Due to the time it took to coordinate these weekly<br>word lists across three grade levels, I will not be adding custom word lists or<br>editable features to the resource at this time. However, if your district requires<br>additional vocabulary words, the basic strategies, concepts, and activities can be<br>used with your other words. For example, with a little creativity, you could certainly<br>use most of the word play menu activities with other word lists from your<br>classroom!</p>\n<footer id='46' style='font-size:14px'>\u00a92017 Miss DeCarbo, Inc.</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 25163, "type": "text", "content": "Access Free Answers To Vocabulary Power Plus Book 3\n\n\nAnswers To Vocabulary Power Plus Book 3\n\n\n \n\nYeah, reviewing a ebook answers to vocabulary power plus book 3 could increase\nyour close associates listings. This is just one of the solutions \nfor you to be successful. 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Banana Plus Classic Jr.\n\n\nFood \| Baamboozle\n\n\n \n\n\\- Author Articles - Vocabulary Teaching Tips (English Unlimited for Spanish\nSpeakers) PDF, 10mb. Download ... (Business Plus Level 2 Student's Book) \nAudio, 59mb. Download. 2 Classroom Audio (First Trainer 2) Audio, 223mb.\nDownload. 2 Common European Framework Of Reference Correlation \n(Viewpoint)\n\n\nResources \| Cambridge University Press\n\n\n \n\nFree anonymous URL redirection service. Turns an unsecure link into an\nanonymous one!\n\n\nBlankRefer - create an anonymous link\n\n\n \n\nKerala Plus One English Textbook Answers Unit 5 Chapter 1 Gooseberries (Story)\nGooseberries (Story) Textual Questions and Answers Question 1. \nWhat purpose does the first sentence serve? Answer: The first sentence serves\nas a suitable introduction to a story which itself talks about a sad and \ngloomy situation. It looks like rain but it does not come. Happiness [\u2026]\n\n\nPlus One English Textbook Answers Unit 5 Chapter 1\n\n\n \n\n...\n\n\n \n\nDearborn Real Estate Education is very excited to bring you Modern Real Estate\nPractice, 20th Edition.With the release of this latest edition, \nDearborn\u2019s flagship collection continues to set the standard of excellence for\nreal estate prelicensing education.\n\n\nModern Real Estate Practice\n\n\n \n\nA spreadsheet of 240 action verbs and confident \"outcome words\" to use in your\nanswers. 22 embarrassing management-level job interview \nMISTAKES that most people make (and you should AVOID). A dozen \"power closing\nstatements\" for when you ask for the job. Also comes with the \n\"Salary Negotiation Scripts & Tips.\"\n\n\nBehavioral Interview Questions and Answers\n\n\n \n\nStart studying Building Vocabulary: Word Roots, Affixes, and Reference\nMaterials. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and \nother study tools.\n\n\nBuilding Vocabulary: Word Roots, Affixes, and Reference ... \nLearn key phrases and vocabulary for the speaking test. Complete IELTS\nListening practice tests. Understand key question strategies for IELTS \nReading. But that's not all IELTS 7 Plus has to offer you. Also included in\nthe course are quizzes, practice actives and assignments.\n\n\nIELTS 7 Plus: Complete IELTS Preparation [Academic] \| Udemy\n\n\n \n\nWith answers. LEARN TEACH MYEC eBOOKS. Two plus two still makes four. ...\nSpeaking: Telephone: Vocabulary Quiz Telephone Vocabulary Quiz. \nThis quiz tests your understanding of words listed on the Telephone Vocabulary\npage. 1. If someone leaves you a message on voicemail, you have to \n_____ it.\n\n\nTelephone Vocabulary Quiz \| Speaking \| EnglishClub \nLearn Persian vocabulary, phrases and words FAST with TONS of FREE lessons!\nAlways Updated. You also get BONUS Audio Lessons here at \nPersianPod101.\n\n\nLearn Persian with Free Vocabulary Lists \| PersianPod101\n\n\n \n\nLearn German vocabulary, phrases and words FAST with TONS of FREE lessons!\nAlways Updated. You also get BONUS Audio Lessons here at \nGermanPod101.\n\n\nLearn German with Free Vocabulary Lists \| GermanPod101\n\n\n \n\n\u201cIn your vocabulary, Gentlemen, creditor and enemy appear to be39 synonimous\nterms\u2014the support of public credit and corruption of similar \nimport\u2014an enlarged and liberal construction of the constitution for the public\ngood and for the maintenance of the due energy of the national \nauthority of the same meaning with usurpation and a ...\n\n\nEnclosure: [Objections and Answers Respecting the\n\n\n \n\n...\n\n\n \n\nTV and news 1 1 common \u2013 rare 4 Students\u2019 own answers. Vocabulary (page 8) 2\nnoisy \u2013 quiet 3 boring \u2013 exciting 1 1 d 4 f 7 a 4 clean \u2013 dirty 2 e 5 c \n8 b Vocabulary (page 6) 5 easy \u2013 difficult 3 g 6 i 9 h 1 1 get up 6 far \u2013 near\n2 1 camera 2 have breakfast 7 heavy \u2013 light 2 audience 3 get the bus 8 \nsafe \u2013 dangerous 3 remote ...\n\n\n(PDF) Hardygould janet english plus 3 workbook answer key ...\n\n\nHi. Could someone please check my answers? I appreciate it ... \nLearn Japanese vocabulary, phrases and words FAST with TONS of FREE lessons!\nAlways Updated. You also get BONUS Audio Lessons here at \nJapanesePod101.\n\n\n \n\nHey guys, John here, here to help you lads. I don\u2019t want you to just cheat,\nplease use the answer I provided to check your work. With that said, here \nare the answers. I got 100% 1. -1/10 2. 1 3. -a^2 4. 5^11 5. -4 6. Q^18 7.\nvocab. improving vocabulary skills textbook chapter 7 sentence check 2 \nand final check answers\n\n\nLearn Japanese with Free Vocabulary Lists \| JapanesePod101\n\n\n \n\nUltimate Word Finder Worksheet Generator . This word search worksheet\ngenerator fits up to 15 entered words into a grid of letters. This is an \nultimate vocabulary builder tool, make sure that students carry a dictionary\nwith them in case if they don't understand the meaning of any word.\n\n\nFree English Worksheet Generators for Teachers and Parents\n\n\n \n\nLearn Thai vocabulary, phrases and words FAST with TONS of FREE lessons!\nAlways Updated. You also get BONUS Audio Lessons here at \nThaiPod101.\n\n\nLearn Thai with Free Vocabulary Lists \| ThaiPod101\n\n\n \n\nThe Vocabulary Builder Workbook. If you want to improve your writing and\nspeaking skills, Chris Lele's The Vocabulary Builder Workbook can help.\n\n\n \n\nPage 1/2\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3506229, "type": "text", "content": "99\n\n\n# GRE Vocabulary: Free Resources on the Internet\n\n\nThe Internet is a great resource for vocabulary. And, I\u2019m not just talking\nabout those New York \nTimes articles with challenging words \u2013 many sites offer a word of the day,\nor, better yet, an entire \nwrite-up on a word (the latter is courtesy of The New York Times).\n\n\nBy immersing yourself in a world of words, you will allow your brain to pick\nup more words than when \nyou simply subject it to a deck of flashcards. That is, varying backdrops keep\nyour brain alert, so that it \nis more likely to hold a vocabulary word in long-term memory.\n\n\nSo, check out these links, and they should help you develop a stronger\nvocabulary that will definitely \ncome in handy on the day of your exam:\n\n\n# http://magoosh.com/gre\n\n\nWe have Vocabulary Wednesday videos and word lists every week, in the style of\nthe word lists above, \nso be sure to check in for blog posts about everything on the GRE\u2014not just\nvocab, but Math and Writing \nand the rest of the Verbal section as well, and leave us comments with\nsuggestions for themes of word \nlists or any other GRE study tips you\u2019d like to see!\n\n\n# http://gre.magoosh.com/flashcards\n\n\nThis is our free 1000+ word vocabulary flashcard site. It\u2019s pretty awesome\u2014 it\nincludes all of the words \nin this eBook, and many more. It utilizes adaptive learning to make sure the\nwords really stick! It\u2019s also \navailable as an iPhone or Android app, so you can flip through flashcards and\nreview no matter where \nyou are \uf04a.\n\n\n# http://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/category/word-of-the-day/\n\n\nThis helpful word-of-the-day does more than just define a word. It cites the\nword as used in context \nfrom The New York Times galaxy of articles. These articles generally tend to\nbe a trove of other useful \nwords, so your word-of-the-day can become words-of-the-day\u2026make sure, though,\nto have \nwordnik.com open, so as to get even more context on a word. Wordnik, you ask?\n\n\n# http://www.wordnik.com/\n\n\nI\u2019ve already trumpeted the wonders of wordnik.com elsewhere on this site. But,\nif you didn\u2019t catch \nthose posts, here is the quick rundown: any word (and by any, I mean any) you\ncan think of is defined, \nalong with a plethora of examples taken from a gamut of sources (from\nShakespeare to the last Yahoo \narticle). If you want context on a word, this is the place to get it.\n\n\n# http://www.dictionary.com/\n\n\nSuggestions for this eBook? \nLeave us a comment here: http://magoosh.com/gre/2012/gre-vocabulary-ebook\n\n\n \nhttp://gre.magoosh.com/\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1451111, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='0' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>b) Chase, Becky Tarver. Pathways: Listening, Speaking and Critical Thinking. Heinley ELT;<br>2nd Edition, 2018.<br>c) Skillful Level 2 Reading & Writing Student's Book Pack (B1) Macmillan Educational.<br>d) Hewings, Martin. Cambridge Academic English (B2). CUP, 2012.<br>e) Chaturvedi, P. D. and Chaturvedi Mukesh. The Art and Science of Business<br>Communication: Skills, Concepts, Cases and Applications. 4Ed. Pearson, 2017.</p>\n<h1 id='1' style='font-size:18px'>S ample Web Resources</h1>\n<br><table id='2' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>Grammar / Listening / Writing 1-language.com http://www.5minuteenglish.com/ https://www.englishpractice.com/ Grammar/Vocabulary English Language Learning Online http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/ Free Rice Vocabulary Game</td><td>Reading https://www.usingenglish.com/comprehension/ https://www.englishclub.com/reading/short- Merriam-Webster \u2013 Perfect pronunciation</td></tr><tr><td>http://www.better-english.com/ http://www.nonstopenglish.com/ https://www.vocabulary.com/ BBC Vocabulary Games</td><td>stories.htm https://www.english-online.at/ Listening https://learningenglish.voanews.com/z/3613 http://www.englishmedialab.com/listening.html Speaking https://www.talkenglish.com/ BBC Learning English \u2013 Pronunciation tips Exercises</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">All Skills</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">https://www.englishclub.com/ http://www.world-english.org/ http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/</td></tr></table>\n<footer id='3' style='font-size:18px'>***</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3061687, "type": "text", "content": "# MATERIALS FOR \nLANGUAGE TEACHERS\n\n\n \n\n# Tips for Teaching with \nCALL\n\n\n \n\nCarol A. Chapelle and Joan Jamieson\n\n\n \n\nThis practical reference book links \nspeci\ufb01 c techniques for using Computer- \nAssisted Language Learning (CALL) with \ncontemporary CALL research. The book \nand CD-ROM demonstrate why and how \nto use CALL to teach vocabulary, grammar, \nreading, writing, listening, speaking, \ncommunication skills, and content-based \nlanguage.\n\n\nText w/ CD-ROM\n\n\n \n\n978 0 132 40428 0\n\n\nTeacher Training Through \nVideo\n\n\n \n\n# Series Editor: K Lynn Savage\n\n\n \n\nNow digitally enhanced, this classic teacher- \ntraining video series shows teachers, \ntrainers, and trainees how to design effective \nESL lessons. Includes 12 segments on how \nto use speci\ufb01 c ESL techniques.\n\n\n \n\nTeacher Training Through Video 978 0 132 41844 7\n\n\nTeaching English in the \nPrimary Classroom\n\n\n \n\nSusan Halliwell\n\n\n \n\nProvides a valuable insight into how children \nlearn language and how teachers can \nachieve a positive and uninhibited attitude to \nlanguage learning in the classroom.\n\n\nTeaching English in the Primary Classroom 978 0 582 07109 4\n\n\nThe Primary English \nTeacher\u2019s Guide\n\n\n \n\n# Second Edition\n\n\n \n\nJane Brewster and Gail Ellis with Denis \nGirard\n\n\n \n\nThis de\ufb01 nitive guide for primary teachers, \nteacher trainers and trainees covers the \nmost recent developments in language \nlearning theories and approaches.\n\n\nPrimary English Teacher\u2019s Guide, The 978 0 582 44776 9\n\n\nTeaching English to \nChildren\n\n\n \n\nWendy A Scott and Lisbeth H Ytreberg\n\n\n \n\nA handy resource book with lots of practical \nadvice on lesson planning and classroom \norganisations.\n\n\nTeaching English to Children\n\n\nLanguage Assessment \nPrinciples and Classroom \nPractice\n\n\n \n\nH Douglas Brown\n\n\n \n\nLanguage Assessment looks at essential \nprinciples for assessment, as well as the \ncritical tools that you need for fair, effective \nevaluation in the classroom.\n\n\nLanguage Assessment\n\n\n \n\nTeaching by Principles \nAn Interactive Approach to \nLanguage Pedagogy\n\n\n \n\nH Douglas Brown\n\n\n978 0 582 74606 0\n\n\n978 0 130 98834 8\n\n\n \n\nThis methodology text considers practical \nclassroom techniques and activities as a \nfoundation for research on second language \nacquisitions.\n\n\nTeaching by Principles 978 0 136 12711 6\n\n\nPrinciples of Language \nLearning and Teaching\n\n\n \n\nH Douglas Brown\n\n\n \n\nThe best-selling classic, now in its \ufb01 fth \nedition, provides a comprehensive, up-to- \ndate analysis of the theoretical foundations \nof foreign and second language teaching.\n\n\n \n\nPrinciples of Language Learning and Teaching 978 0 131 99128 6\n\n\nMaking it Happen\n\n\n \n\nPatricia A Richard-Amato\n\n\n \n\nThis exciting new edition of a classic, \nbest-selling text lays a solid foundation for \ncreating meaningful interaction in the second \nlanguage classroom.\n\n\n \n\nMaking it Happen\n\n\n \n\n978 0 130 601933 3\n\n\nPHOTOCOPIABLES\n\n\n \n\nPenguin English \nPhotocopiables\n\n\n \n\nSeries Editor: Peter Watcyn-Jones\n\n\n \n\nLiven up your lessons and stimulate active \nlanguage learning with Penguin English \nPhotocopiables \u2013 resource books \ndesigned with busy teachers in mind.\n\n\n \n\n# Test Your\u2026\n\n\n \n\nSeries Editor: Peter Watcyn-Jones\n\n\n \n\n60 tests in each book with tips on effective \nlearning and answer keys. Practise key \nlanguage areas and skills using a variety of \ntest types.\n\n\nBoost Your Vocabulary\n\n\n \n\nChris Barker\n\n\n \n\nA four-level series to help secondary \nstudents boost their vocabulary.\n\n\n1000+ Pictures for \nTeachers to Copy\n\n\n \n\nAndrew Wright\n\n\n \n\nIntroduces easy-to-learn techniques for \nsimple and effective drawing.\n\n\n \n\n1000+ Pictures for Teacher\u2019s to Copy 978 0 175 56878 9\n\n\nTest Your Vocabulary\n\n\n \n\nSeries Editor: Peter Watcyn-Jones\n\n\n9\\. Methodology.indd Sec1:98 2/9/09 13:21:34\n\n\n \n\nWords: \nA User\u2019s Guide \nStewart Clark, Graham\n\n\n60 tests practise the most essential \nvocabulary at each of the \ufb01 ve levels. \nIllustrations, varied activities, word lists, \nlearner-tips and answer keys help motivate \nlearners and consolidate language.\n\n\n \n\nPointon An \naccessible and invaluable reference \nideal for students, business people \nand advanced learners of English, \nthis is a usage guide for the twenty- \n\ufb01 rst century.\n\n\n \n\nContrasting over 5000 words, \nWords: A User\u2019s Guide is laid out \nin dictionary format, with numerous \nexamples and illustrations.\n\n\n \n\nAs well as providing valuable \nguidance for everyday reference, \nthe book contains pronunciation \nadvice and information on writing \ndocuments such as CVs, letters and \nbusiness emails.\n\n\n978 1 405 85915 8\n\n\n \n\nBook\n\n\n98\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 25164, "type": "text", "content": "Access Free Answers To Vocabulary Power Plus Book 3\n\n\nThe author is a test-prep expert and this workbook helps you identify root\nwords and make associations between roots and a variety of words.. The \nlessons in the book get progressively harder to help you grow.\n\n\n15 Best Books for Improving and Building Vocabulary\n\n\n \n\nWe post the puzzles and the answers daily, so you will never miss a beat.\nDaily Wordscapes Puzzle Answers for Today. Here is the link if you would \nlike to see the solutions for the Wordscapes Daily Puzzle for July 6 2021. You\ncan find the answers for previous days here, Wordscapes Daily Puzzles.\n\n\nWordscapes Cheat and Answers : Answers For All Levels!\n\n\n \n\nPlus check out our vocabulary resources for kids, including our Words of the\nWeek, modeled on the popular Buzzwords feature! We'd love to stay in \ntouch! If you're an adult and you'd like to give us feedback or find out more\nabout our upcoming parent/educator-focused newsletter, head over to \nour open survey .\n\n\nCopyright code: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.\n\n\nPage 2/2\n\n\nCopyright : rockstyle.es\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1665876, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='0' style='font-size:14px'>Aptis Candidate Guide 50</header>\n<h1 id='1' style='font-size:20px'>Final checklist</h1>\n<br><p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>We hope that these notes have helped you prepare for your Aptis or Aptis Advanced test. Here is a checklist to make sure<br>you are fully prepared:</p>\n<p id='3' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf097 Review the different grammar parts:<br>http://englishagenda.britishcouncil.org/sites/ec/\ufb01les/books-british-council-eaquals-core-<br>inventory.pdf.<br>\uf097 Visit the LearnEnglish website to prepare for the grammar and vocabulary test:<br>http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en.<br>\uf097 Visit the English Club to prepare for the vocabulary test:<br>www.englishclub.com.<br>\uf097 Review the section 'How to take an online test' and pay particular attention to the section on the<br>sound recording.<br>\uf097 Do a practice test so that you are familiar with the test structure and software:<br>www.britishcouncil.org/exams/aptis.<br>\uf097 Practise your English skills at every opportunity. Listen to English radio (e.g. BBC World Service),<br>watch English-language television and \ufb01lms and read the graded readers (e.g. Cambridge, Penguin,<br>Macmillan and Headway).<br>\uf097 Read the tips in this booklet on how to prepare for each test.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3334501, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='198' style='font-size:22px'>Grammar & VOcabuLary</header>\n<figure><img id='199' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(69,160); bottom-right:(331,391)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='200' style='font-size:20px'>really Learn 100<br>Phrasal Verbs</h1>\n<br><p id='201' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Second Edition<br>INTERmEdIaTE<br>B1 TO C1</p>\n<br><p id='202' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>A revised and updated edition of this<br>teach-yourself workbook on 100<br>essential phrasal verbs.</p>\n<br><p id='203' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>n\tEach page focuses on one verb \u2013 every<br>page follows the same format for ease<br>of use.<br>n\tStudy the examples then check the<br>meaning and grammar.<br>n\tPractise using each verb in the<br>exercises.<br>n\tBuild your vocabulary with the special<br>sections on related nouns and<br>adjectives, synonyms, and opposites.<br>n\tReview pages bring groups of verbs<br>together for recycling and revision.<br>n\tReference key for answers, meanings,<br>and extra grammar tips.</p>\n<br><p id='204' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>978 0 19 431744 3 Really Learn 100 Phrasal Verbs, Second<br>Edition</p>\n<h1 id='205' style='font-size:20px'>really Learn 100<br>more Phrasal Verbs</h1>\n<br><figure><img id='206' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(360,160); bottom-right:(612,347)\" /></figure>\n<p id='207' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>INTERmEdIaTE<br>B1 TO C1</p>\n<br><p id='208' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Test It, Fix It<br>PRE-INTERmEdIaTE, INTERmEdIaTE, aNd<br>UPPER-INTERmEdIaTE<br>Kenna Bourke</p>\n<p id='209' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Volume 2 of the successful teach-<br>yourself workbook on phrasal verbs.</p>\n<p id='210' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>978 0 19 431745 0 Really Learn 100 more Phrasal Verbs</p>\n<br><p id='211' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Test-yourself books for exam, business,<br>and general English students.</p>\n<p id='212' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>See alSo Oxford Phrasal Verbs</p>\n<p id='213' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>really Learn 100<br>Phrasal Verbs for<br>business</p>\n<br><p id='214' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>dictionary, New Edition PaGE 68</p>\n<p id='215' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>INTERmEdIaTE<br>B1 TO C1</p>\n<br><p id='216' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The only test-yourself books that tell<br>students why they make grammar and<br>vocabulary mistakes \u2013 and give them<br>the tools they need to fix them.</p>\n<p id='217' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>A companion volume to Really learn<br>100 Phrasal Verbs, focusing on 100<br>phrasal verbs that are commonly used<br>in business.</p>\n<br><p id='218' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>n\tTwenty 4-page units per book, each<br>on a different topic.</p>\n<br><p id='219' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>n\tTwo complete tests, with answers<br>and tips, in every unit.<br>n\tTwenty Review pages, with helpful<br>notes for reference.<br>n\tPerfect for bite-sized self study.</p>\n<p id='220' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The book teaches the verbs by first<br>presenting each one in authentic<br>business contexts and then giving<br>learners opportunities to practise them.</p>\n<br><p id='221' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>3\t</p>\n<p id='222' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Test It, Fix It</p>\n<br><p id='223' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Extra student<br>resources online</p>\n<p id='224' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>vOCABUlARy<br>978 0 19 4389976 Pre-Intermediate<br>978 0 19 4389983 Intermediate<br>BUSinESS</p>\n<p id='225' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>FCE</p>\n<br><p id='226' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>978 0 19 439206 8 Business Grammar<br>978 01 9 439205 1 Business Vocabulary</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	How would you reformat a list of educational resources to separate those that offer vocabulary building from those that include test preparation? What criteria would you use to categorize each resource?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 54, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["format reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 3465988, "type": "text", "content": "Times (15 December 2004). Further details of Triad\u2019s alleged tampering are\navailable in two letters \nfrom Congressional Representative John Conyers to Triad o\ufb03cials, available \nat http://www.house.gov/conyers , and also in Preserving Democracy: What Went\nWrong in Ohio, \nDetailed Findings, C.3: \u201cTriad GSI\u2013Using a \u2018Cheat Sheet to Cheat the Voters in\nHocking and Other \nCounties,\u201d pp. 81-87. The December 30th lawsuit \ufb01led by the Green and\nLibertarian parties lists \ufb01ve \ncounties in which tabulating-machine tampering was carried out by Triad, and\none in which the \ntampering was carried out by a Diebold technician.\n\n\n25 The December 30th lawsuit \ufb01led by the Green and Libertarian parties lists\nsix counties in which, \ndespite sample-recount discrepancies, the Board of Elections refused to\nconduct full recounts. Two \n\ufb02agrant cases of impropriety in the recount are narrated in Preserving\nDemocracy: What Went \nWrong in Ohio, C.5.b: \u201cIrregularities in Applying the Full Hand-Count\nRequirement\u201d:\n\n\n\u201cIn Monroe County, the 3% hand-count failed to match the machine count twice.\nSubsequent runs on \nthat machine matched neither each other nor the hand count. The Monroe County\nBoard of Elections \nsummoned a repairman from Triad to bring a new machine and the recount was\nsuspended and \nreconvened for the following day. On the following day, a new machine was\npresent at the Board of \nElections o\ufb03ce and the old machine was gone. The Board conducted a test run\nfollowed by the 3% \nhand-counted ballots. The results matched this time and the Board conducted\nthe remainder of the \nrecount by machine.\u201d\n\n\n\u201cIn Fair\ufb01eld County, the hand recount of the 3% test sample did not match the\nmachine count, even \nafter two attempts. The Board suspended the recount and stated that Secretary\nBlackwell \nrecommended that the recount should begin again \u2018from scratch.\u2019 The Green\nrecount observers \nwere then told that it was 4:00 PM, the building was closed, and all had to\nleave. The Republican \nrecount observers, however, were allowed to stay in a conference room for an\nadditional ten minutes \nor so for a private discussion. When the Board reconvened a few days later, it\nannounced that it \nwould be conducting a machine count of the county\u2019s votes. When a Green Party\nobserver objected, \nshe was told by the Board that she was not allowed to speak.\u201d\n\n\n# 26 Swanson, \u201cThe Media and the Ohio Recount.\u201d\n\n\n27 \u201cText of Fundraising Letter from Ohio Secretary of State Kenneth\nBlackwell,\u201d available as an \nappendix to Bob Fitrakis, Steve Rosenfeld and Harvey Wasserman, \u201cThe \u2018Crime of\nNovember 2\u2019: The \nhuman side of how Bush stole Ohio, and why Congress must investigate rather\nthan ratify the \nElectoral College (Part Two of Two),\u201d The Free Press (5 January \n2005), http://www.freepress.org/departments/display/19/2005/1067\n\n\n28 Melvin Butch Hollowell and Len Nieho\ufb00, \u201cLocal Comment: To even consider\nsuppressing the vote \nshames a democracy,\u201d Detroit Free Press (27 July \n2004), http://www.freep.com/voices/columnists/eholl27_20040727.htm . For a\nmainstream account \nof election-day vote suppression in Ohio, see Michael Powell and Peter Slevin,\n\u201cSeveral Factors \nContributed to \u2018Lost\u2019 Voters in Ohio,\u201d The Washington Post (15 December 2004):\nA1, available \nat Yurica Report: News Intelligence \nAnalysis,\nhttp://www.yuricareport.com/ElectionAftermath04/Factors%20ContributedToLostVotersInO \nhio.html . For a very useful listing of materials relating to vote suppression\nand electoral fraud, \nsee Election 2004, http://shadowbox.i8.com/stolen.htm\n\n\n29 Fitrakis, Rosenfeld, and Wassermann, \u201cOhio\u2019s o\ufb03cial recount ends amidst new\nevidence of fraud, \ntheft and judicial contempt mirrored in New Mexico,\u201d The Free Press (31\nDecember \n2004), http://www.freepress.org/departments/display/19/2004/1057\n\n\n \n\| 19\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 720122, "type": "text", "content": "10\n\n\nonly. \nuse \npersonal \nFor \n07/31/19. \nat \nwww.liebertpub.com \nfrom \nNERL \nInstitute \nPolytechnic \nRensselaer \nby \nDownloaded\n\n\n \nGARVEY AND MASKAL\n\n\nnews. Biases are an inescapable fact of human cognition \n(Gigerenzer and Goldstein, 1996; Kahneman, 2011); hence, \nsimilar explanations can be applied to both experts and lay \npeople. That is, by the same logic, one could argue experts\u2019 \nbiases inure them to the steady stream of positive AI news, \nwhile making them exceptionally sensitive to the occasional \nnegative article, which would become overrepresented in \ntheir mental model of \u2018\u2018AI news\u2019\u2019 and create the perception of \na biased media.\n\n\n \n\nA more parsimonious explanation for negative public \nperceptions of AI is that the technology actually does pose \nconsiderable risks to many people, and that the public is \nrightly concerned (Didier et al., 2015). Consider how after \nearly denials (Williams, 2015), some major tech leaders are \nnow conceding that AI does pose risks, such as Google CEO \nSundar Pichai, who recently acknowledged that fears about \nAI are \u2018\u2018very legitimate\u2019\u2019 (Romm et al., 2018).\n\n\n \n\nLeading AI experts are warning about the military risks \n(Bohannon, 2015b; FLI, 2015). Senior politicians and gov- \nernment of\ufb01cials argue that AI threatens political democracy \n(Graham, 2017; Nemitz, 2018). Reckless corporate behavior \nhas already led to the \ufb01rst pedestrian death by driverless car \n(Lee, 2018; Wakabayashi, 2018). ML has been shown to \nsystematically reproduce biases in its training data (Caliskan \net al., 2017), and such algorithmic biases have entrenched \ndiscriminatory practices in range of social settings, from \ncriminal sentencing (Angwin et al., 2016; Matacic, 2018) to \nfacial recognition (Buolamwini and Gebru, 2018). In- \nvestigative journalists have shown how AI allows advertisers \nto discriminate by race, gender, and other categories (Angwin \nand Parris Jr., 2016; Angwin et al., 2017).\n\n\n \n\nFinally, business people, technical experts, \ufb01nancial in- \nstitutions, think tanks, governments, and much of the public \nagree that AI puts jobs at risk (Acemoglu and Restrepo, 2017; \nArntz et al., 2016; Brynjolfsson and Mitchell, 2017; Dutton \net al., 2018; Frey and Osborne, 2013; Ma et al., 2015; Pew \nResearch Center, 2014; World Economic Forum, 2018).\n\n\n \n\nWhat about machine takeovers and killer robots? It does \nnot appear to be the public\u2019s primary concern. One survey \nof 2000 American adults found that their \u2018\u2018top fear or con- \ncern about possible A.I. threats or risks\u2019\u2019 was \u2018\u2018A.I. taking \njobs\u2019\u2019 (30%), rather than \u2018\u2018A.I. turning against us\u2019\u2019 (8.8%) or \n\u2018\u2018AI taking control\u2019\u2019 (6.8%) (SYZYGY, 2017). Indeed, even \nJames Cameron, director of the Terminator movies, sug- \ngests shifting attention to more quotidian instantiations of \nAI technology and their social impacts:\n\n\n \n\nPeople ask me: \u2018\u2018Will the machines ever win against hu- \nmanity?\u2019\u2019 I say: \u2018\u2018Look around in any airport or restaurant \nand see how many people are on their phones. The machines \nhave already won.\u2019\u2019 (Belloni and Kit, 2017)\n\n\n \n\nAs we look around, it is worth asking what \u2018\u2018digital health\u2019\u2019 \nmeans\u2014and ought to mean\u2014in this burgeoning Age of AI, \nwhere a certain class of machines has \u2018\u2018already won.\u2019\u2019 What \nrole should AI play in childhood development as screens \nbecome \ufb01xtures in peoples\u2019 lives at ever earlier ages, espe- \ncially as it becomes clear that screen time correlates with \nadverse effects on young people (Hunt et al., 2018; Turel, \n2019; Twenge et al., 2018, 2019)? How ought guidelines for \ndigital entertainment be set, when even a site as seemingly \ninnocuous as YouTube is now known to use AI to maximize \nscreen time by tantalizing viewers with increasingly polar-\n\n\n \n\nizing and extreme videos (Cook, 2018; Lewis, 2018; Nicas, \n2018; Tufekci, 2018)? Should private initiatives to put screens \nin public schools (Kardaras, 2016; Toyama, 2015) not be \nreconsidered in light of the fact that Silicon Valley elites are \nincreasingly restricting their own children\u2019s use of handheld \ndigital electronics (Bowles, 2018)?\n\n\n \n\nAt a minimum, we suggest that \u2018\u2018digital health\u2019\u2019 should \nbe construed broadly enough to consider these and related \nquestions about the role of AI technologies in human life. \nIndeed, it seems to us that digital health cannot be understood \noutside the context of AI technologies, with their potential \nbene\ufb01ts and manifold risks. This context suggests an orienta- \ntion for the digital health research agenda. If AI poses signif- \nicant risks to a nontrivial fraction of humanity (Garvey, \n2018b), then we suggest that future research in digital health \ncould make the greatest impact by adopting a perspective \nof \u2018\u2018thoughtful partisanship\u2019\u2019 (Woodhouse et al., 2002) and \nexplicitly focusing on the needs of those groups at greatest risk.\n\n\n \n\nBecause those at-risk populations are often also those least \nable to in\ufb02uence political decision making and technological \nR&D; (Lindblom and Woodhouse, 1993), research oriented \naround their concerns will help to counteract the well- \ndocumented tendency for new technologies, especially in \nmedicine, to disproportionately bene\ufb01t the wealthy and am- \nplify social inequality (Sarewitz and Woodhouse, 2003; \nWoodhouse and Sarewitz, 2007). We recommend science \nand technology policies for promoting \u2018\u2018digital health\u2019\u2019 to be \nreoriented accordingly.\n\n\n \n\nFor digital health to be more than the next bump in the \nhype cycle, a systems perspective that includes critical social \nscience and public engagement as inputs will be crucial. AI \nis increasingly a part of ordinary life, and the public is in- \ncreasingly familiar with it. Explaining away public concerns \nabout AI as mere fear of the Terminator, stoked by an un- \nscrupulous or sensationalist media, poses a barrier to greater \npublic engagement with AI by reproducing the \u2018\u2018de\ufb01cit mod- \nel\u2019\u2019 of the public\u2019s understanding of science (Bauer et al., \n2007; Fujigaki, 2009; Ziman, 1991), which too often assumes \n\u2018\u2018lay publics are only capable of taking sentimental, emo- \ntional, and intellectually vacuous positions\u2019\u2019 (Wynne, 2001).\n\n\n \n\nHumane futures in digital health and the responsible ad- \nvancement of AI technologies require that the concerns of \nan informed public be heard, addressed, and incorporated into \nresearch, design, deployment, and operation. For that to \nhappen, open, transparent, and deliberative interaction be- \ntween AI innovators, news media, government of\ufb01cials, civic \nleaders, and diverse publics is essential.\n\n\nConclusions\n\n\n \n\nUsing the sentiment scores calculated by the Google Cloud \nNLP tool, we found that the majority of AI news coverage \nfrom the sources we examined is positive. If this tool is re- \nliable and accurate, and if our news sources are representa- \ntive, then our \ufb01nding that a majority of AI news coverage is \npositive refutes the hypothesis that most media coverage of \nAI is negative. This casts doubt on the validity of the be- \nlief, which we have called the \u2018\u2018Terminator Syndrome,\u2019\u2019 that \nnegative media coverage is largely to blame for negative \npublic perceptions of AI. Although our results alone are un- \nlikely to terminate the Terminator Syndrome, we hope they \ncontribute to facilitating greater public engagement with AI.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 97451, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='17' style='font-size:18px'>Read Free Sample Letter<br>Requesting Missing Doents<br>From Physician ...<br>documents</h1>\n<p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>LAFD received complaints that a top<br>official was drunk on duty. Some say it<br>was covered up<br>Officials conducted a hand recount of a<br>statistically significant ballot sample at<br>that time ... response to a public records<br>Page 27/28</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 720121, "type": "text", "content": "only. \nuse \npersonal \nFor \n07/31/19. \nat \nwww.liebertpub.com \nfrom \nNERL \nInstitute \nPolytechnic \nRensselaer \nby \nDownloaded\n\n\n \n9\n\n\n \n\nSENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF THE NEWS MEDIA ON AI\n\n\nscienti\ufb01c information, had \ufb01ve articles with a negative \naverage sentiment of -0.2. Our qualitative analysis of the \narticles found no evidence of unfair negative bias. The sen- \ntiment score in the latter site was brought low by articles \nabout real problems facing AI at the moment, with two on \nthe \u2018\u2018reproducibility crisis\u2019\u2019 emerging in AI (\u2018\u2018Missing data \nhinder replication of arti\ufb01cial intelligence studies,\u2019\u2019 2/15/ \n2018, -0.3 and \u2018\u2018Arti\ufb01cial intelligence faces reproducibility \ncrisis,\u2019\u2019 2/15/2018, -0.2) and one on the authoritarian polit- \nical applications of AI in China (\u2018\u2018China\u2019s massive invest- \nment in arti\ufb01cial intelligence has an insidious downside,\u2019\u2019 \n2/8/2018, -0.8).\n\n\n# Contextualizing the \ufb01ndings\n\n\n \n\nOur most salient \ufb01nding that AI news coverage, by and \nlarge, is robustly positive casts doubt on the belief (Guizzo \nand Ackerman, 2016; Scharre, 2017; Shead, 2018; Williams, \n2015) that negative public perceptions of AI can be explained \nby negative media coverage of AI. There are, however, ca- \nveats.\n\n\n \n\nFirst, we acknowledge that quantitative scoring of emo- \ntional \u2018\u2018sentiment\u2019\u2019 is a reductive construction that fails to \ncapture contextual nuance. One could argue the score says \nmore about the programmers who created the tool than the \ntext it processes, making this entire exercise meaningless. \nHowever, sentiment analysis tools, including Google\u2019s, are \nused widely online and in industry for market forecasting and \nother forms of analysis. For example, the AI Index 2017 and \n2018 included a sentiment analysis of AI media coverage \n(Shoham et al., 2017, 2018). Shoham et al. (2017) found \npositive AI articles outnumbered negative during 2013\u201317, \nalthough most articles were neutral (2017: 25).\n\n\n \n\nShoham et al. (2018) extended those results, adding that \n\u2018\u2018AI articles have become less neutral and more positive, \nparticularly since early 2016, when articles went from 12% \npositive in January 2016 to 30% positive in July 2016,\u2019\u2019 \nwhere it has remained since. However, the AI Index results \ndo not bear a strong burden of proof because the provenance \nof the data used is unclear. It was obtained from a business \nanalytics \ufb01rm (Trendkite.com), but beyond that, no infor- \nmation is provided regarding the number of articles analyzed, \ntheir sources, or the methods used. This study thus improved \non the AI Index study by conducting a sentiment analysis of \nthe AI news media coverage over a longer period, while \nproviding transparency on data, sources, and methodology.\n\n\n \n\nSecond, the accuracy of Google\u2019s sentiment analysis tool \ncan certainly be questioned. We acknowledge that other \nsentiment analysis tools might provide more nuanced scores. \nThe Google tool itself is a black box that does not explain \nhow sentiments are weighted, although our examination of \nthe most negative articles revealed some of its idiosyncrasies. \nFor example, consider the following article that received one \nof the lowest sentiment scores (-0.9):\n\n\n \n\nIn Kingdom of Cockroaches, Leaders Are Made, Not Born\u2014 \nAn international team of scientists has created arti\ufb01cial \nroaches to study \u2018\u2018collective intelligence.\u2019\u2019 (NYT, 12/7/2004).\n\n\n \n\nIn this case, the low score is almost certainly an artifact of \nthe Google\u2019s NLP tool, which most likely assigns very low \nvalues to the word \u2018\u2018cockroaches.\u2019\u2019 It seems unlikely that \nthis article contributed signi\ufb01cantly to negative public per- \nceptions of AI.\n\n\n \n\nHowever, many of the lowest scoring articles were indeed \nnegative, covering a range of controversial issues highly \nrelevant to AI today: billion-dollar theft of corporate IP \n(NYT, 2/24/17); Facebook\u2019s attempt to predict which users \nare at risk of suicide (CNBC, 2/21/18); failed safety systems \nin driverless cars resulting in a pedestrian\u2019s death (NYT, \n3/21/18); the poor performance of AI-powered hedge funds \n(Investopedia.com, 3/14/18); issues of consent raised by sex \nrobots (NYT, 7/17/17); sexual misconduct by AI executives \n(The Hill, 12/16/17); the malicious use of AI (Reason.com, \n2/21/18); the threat of authoritarian AI technologies in China \n(Meta\ufb01lter.com, 12/15/17); and so on.\n\n\n \n\nAlthough the Google NLP sentiment analysis tool is ar- \nguably a simple one, it is not immediately clear that more \ncomplex tools are necessarily appropriate to answering the \nquestions posed by our study about the sentiment of media \ncoverage of AI. For example, Fast and Horvitz (2017) con- \nducted a far more costly and comprehensive analysis of \nAI coverage in the NYT over the period 1986\u20132016. Using \ncrowdsourcing and ML classi\ufb01ers, they attempted to measure \n\u2018\u2018optimism versus pessimism\u2019\u2019 and \u2018\u2018engagement,\u2019\u2019 as well as \na number of hopes for and concerns about AI. However, the \nrelevant results of this sophisticated study con\ufb01rm our own: \n\u2018\u2018In general, AI has had consistently more optimistic than \npessimistic coverage over time, roughly two to three times \nmore over the 30-year period\u2019\u2019 (Fast and Horvitz, 2017).\n\n\n \n\nMoreover, in their sophisticated technical analysis, Fast \nand Horvitz collapse the social dimension of their data\u2014 \nparagraphs of text from the NYT\u2014to stand in for public belief \nitself. For example, they interpret an increase in one classi- \n\ufb01er, \u2018\u2018ethical concerns about AI,\u2019\u2019 to \u2018\u2018suggest an increase \nin public belief that we may soon be capable of building \ndangerous AI systems\u2019\u2019 (Fast and Horvitz, 2017: 967). This \nstudy, by contrast, acknowledges the possibility of difference \nbetween media representations and alleged public beliefs. \nIndeed, that appears to be the case with AI: despite robustly \npositive media coverage, concerns about the technology are \nwidespread among the public.\n\n\n \n\nThird, it is certainly possible that studies on larger datasets \ncould potentially contest our \ufb01ndings. Future studies should \nanalyze sentiment from many more news sources, perhaps \ncontrolling for ideology by surveying across the political \nspectrum. Ethnographic research is needed to better explore \nthe process by which ordinary people make sense of prom- \nissory technologies like AI, and the role that news media \nplays in that understanding. However we leave that to future \nstudies on the subject matter.\n\n\n \n\nHaving addressed those points, we now ask the follow- \ning: If most AI news is positive, why then is a majority of \nthe public allegedly worried about and distrustful of AI? We \nconsider three hypotheses.\n\n\n \n\nWe agree it is possible that despite the mostly positive \nnews coverage, a small number of highly sensational, \u2018\u2018fear- \nmongering\u2019\u2019 articles could have a disproportionate effect on \npublic perceptions of AI. Cognitive or other biases might cause \nextremely negative stories (e.g., Strange, 2015) to outweigh \nthe preponderance of less remarkable positive stories in the \npublics\u2019 judgment. However, plausible, the burden of proof \nlies with those who would advance such a hypothesis.\n\n\n \n\nMoreover, the principle of symmetry (Bloor, 1991) urges \ncaution in invoking bias to explain public perceptions with- \nout considering its role in experts\u2019 own perceptions of AI\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3118439, "type": "text", "content": "# Charged with Illegal Staring\n\n\n \n\n# Alex Claridge\n\n\nThere was a time (it seems long ago now) when the \nreports from magistrates\u2019 courts were \ncornerstone of decent local newspapers. No \nlonger, it seems. The conversion of local papers to \njoyless online offerings chasing \u2018breaking news\u2019 or \nharvesting stories from social media means few today \nconsider it a good use of time to send reporters to court. \nThis is a terrible loss to the papers and to the people \nwho buy them. But not only that. I cut my teeth as a \nrookie reporter nearly two decades ago and found the \ncourts to be a source of entertainment it is otherwise \nimpossible to manufacture.\n\n\n \n\nTake for example the bloke who decided to answer \nhis mobile phone as he sat in the dock listening to the \ndetails of his crime: \u2018Hi. No, no, I\u2019m just in court at \nthe moment.\u2019 As the magistrate tore into him, he raised \nhis hand to stall her and continued, \u2018Well, there\u2019s some \nsalmon in the fridge.\u2019 Or what about the silver-haired \nbusinessman who roared down the M20 for 10 miles \nwithout stopping as the police frantically blue-lighted \nhim. The 70-year-old later explained to the court that \nhe was late for his Channel Tunnel service, adding that \nhe assumed the police knew this and were providing \nan escort to Folkestone to ensure he made it. Then \nthere was the defendant who said he couldn\u2019t possibly \nbe guilty of stealing two turkeys from a supermarket \nbecause the store was offering a buy-one-get-one-free \ndeal on the day of the theft.\n\n\n \n\nSitting in court I\u2019ve seen every sort of crank, \nreprobate and social misfit occupy the dock. I\u2019ve \nwitnessed inebriates fall asleep during proceedings, \nlooked on as a man facing fraud charges feigned a \nheart attack and seen a man strike his co-defendant \nwith a crutch.\n\n\n \n\nThe reluctance of regional publishers to send their \nreporters to hearings frustrates that principle which \nunderpins court reporting: \u2018Not only must Justice be \ndone; it must also be seen to be done.\u2019 This explains \nwhy for many a defendant, the punishment handed \ndown by the court seems insignificant in the light of the \nreport of their behaviour appearing in the local paper.\n\n\n \n\nThis was no better demonstrated than by the drunk \nwho got himself thrown out of the pub directly next \nto Margate police station. Sensibly, he decided to kick \noff outside, prompting a couple of officers to walk the \n30 yards from their front desk and march him back the \nother way under arrest for being drunk and disorderly. \nAt court, he admitted the offence but had obviously\n\n\n \n\nspied me scribbling away on the press bench. After the \nprosecutor\u2019s opening remarks, the defendant was asked \nwhether he had anything he wanted to say. \u2018Well, yes, \nI have actually,\u2019 he said. \u2018I would just like to exercise \nmy right for this not to go in the newspaper.\u2019 The clerk \nwearily informed him that he had no such right. \u2018That \nis bang out of order,\u2019 he raged from the dock. \u2018I am a \nlaw-abiding member of the community and last time \nthis happened they put it in the paper and made me \nlook stupid.\u2019\n\n\n \n\nAt another court, a 20-year-old cleaner pleaded guilty \nto stealing jewellery worth \u00a31,500 from a client. After \nseeing a report about his crime in the paper, the thief \nwisely took to Facebook to voice his displeasure at \nsuch a public slight upon his character. \u2018They didn\u2019t \nask my permission to do this,\u2019 he complained. \u2018My \nhuman rights have been breached. End of!\u2019 His mother \ntook to the site to point out her son\u2019s error, providing \nthe newspaper with a glorious opportunity to report \nthe exchange between the two. The crook\u2019s words \neven spawned a minor craze in the town as drinkers, \nfinishing their pints, would slam their glasses on the \ntable and cry, \u2018End of!\u2019\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3492893, "type": "text", "content": "For females who reported sexual abuse, 54%17 \nreported they had also been drinking alcohol at \nthe time of the abuse (Roche et al., 2007).\n\n\n# 3.1.2.5 Homicide and Alcohol Consumption\n\n\n \n\nPrevious research into homicide has shown a \nstrong association with alcohol consumption \n(Carcach & Conroy, 2001; Dearden & Payne, \n2009; Makkai & Payne, 2003). Darke (2011) has \nnoted that it is important to examine not only \nthe risk of committing alcohol-related homicide, \nbut also the victimology in such incidents. There \nare also issues with how such data is reported, \nwith toxicology and the location of homicide \nrarely disseminated (Darke, 2011).\n\n\n \n\nUsing the Australian Institute of Criminology \n(AIC) National Homicide Monitoring Program\u2019s \n(NHMP) database, the link between alcohol \nand homicide was investigated by Carcach \nand Conroy (2001). The authors reported that \nbetween 1989 and 1999, 13% of all homicides \nthat occurred in Australia were the result of \nan alcohol-related altercation or argument, \ninvolving either a victim or offender (or both) \nwho was under the influence of alcohol. \nHomicides involving a male offender and \nvictim were 4.9 times more likely to have been \ninitiated by an alcohol-related altercation, and \nhomicides involving a victim between 25 and 34 \nyears of age were twice as likely to be alcohol- \nrelated (Carcach & Conroy, 2001). Additionally, \nhomicides in recreational settings were 5.9 \ntimes as likely to be the end result of an alcohol- \nrelated altercation (Carcach & Conroy, 2001).\n\n\n \n\nAn examination of solved homicides using the \nAIC\u2019s NHMP database for a six year period18, \nfound 47% of homicides (729) to be alcohol- \nrelated19 (Dearden & Payne, 2009). The time \nperiods with the highest probability of alcohol-\n\n\n17 Forty percent of these women reported they had \nconsumed only alcohol, and 14% reported they had \nconsumed both alcohol and other drugs (Roche et al., \n2007). \n18 Between 1 July 2000 and 30 June 2006 (Dearden & \nPayne, 2009). \n19 Homicides were classed as alcohol-related if the \nvictim\u2019s toxicology analysis identified alcohol in their \nblood stream during the post-mortem and/or the police \nindicated in their report that the offender was drunk or \nhad been consuming alcohol at the time of the incident \n(Dearden & Payne, 2009).\n\n\n \n\ninvolved homicides were between 6 pm and 12 \nam (56%) and 12 am and 6 am (57%). Homicides \nthat occurred on Saturdays and Sundays \nalso had the highest probability of alcohol \ninvolvement (60% and 54% respectively), and \neight in every 10 homicides which took place in \nrecreational venues and 63% that occurred in \npublic spaces (e.g., on streets) involved alcohol. \nThe authors also reported that homicides \nwith victims aged 18 to 29 (54%) and 30 to 39 \nyears (53%) were statistically more likely to \nhave involved alcohol. A meta-analysis of 61 \nindependent studies across 13 countries (mainly \nthe United States) on homicide victims and \ntheir toxicology revealed that 48% of homicide \nvictims tested positive for alcohol, and around a \nthird (33% with 0.0820 as the threshold, and 35% \nwith 0.1021 as the threshold) were deemed to be \nintoxicated at the time of the homicide (Kuhns \net al., 2011).\n\n\n# 3.1.2.6 Road Trauma and Alcohol Consumption\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 669739, "type": "text", "content": "\u2022 Responding officers should document suspect's statement \non if sexual contact occurred, including how consent \nwas obtained.34\n\n\n\u2022 Consider evidence that the suspect was encouraging a \nvictim\u2019s alcohol or drug use or using their state for victim \nselection. This can show planning and premeditation on the \npart of the perpetrator.35\n\n\n\u2022 Pay attention to evidence that the suspect was \naware of the victim\u2019s intoxication and inability to give \ninformed consent.36 37\n\n\n\u2022 To corroborate the victim\u2019s account, look for other victims in \nthe victim\u2019s and suspect\u2019s social circles as IR or DAFR can be \nrepeated by a suspect. Explain to the victim why you may \nbe contacting their friends and acquaintances.\n\n\n\u2022 If the suspect was also drinking or using drugs, review \nevidence to demonstrate who was in control of the \nsituation, e.g. witness statements about if the victim was \nmore intoxicated than the suspect or who was providing the \ndrugs or drinks. Did the suspect offer to \u201crescue\u201d the victim \nby taking her home? 38\n\n\nConsider whether drug screening of the \n4\\. victim and the perpetrator would be \nhelpful in documenting DAFR.\n\n\nLaw Enforcement\n\n\n\u2022 If the victim reports they were drugged by the perpetrator, \nexplain the option to order a timely full drug screening of \nthe victim\u2019s blood and urine (first urine post-assault is the \nbest).39 If illegal substances are identified during testing, \nensure the victim is not held criminally accountable.\n\n\n\u2022 Due to delayed reporting, drug screening is often negative, \nwhich should be expected.40 Do not wait for the results of \nthe drug screen before investigating. Don\u2019t rely only on the \nresults of the drug screen for your case.\n\n\n \n\n# Advocacy\n\n\n\u2022 Explore whether your law enforcement agency utilizes drug \nscreening or possible DAFR cases.\n\n\n\u2022 Explain the protocol and practice in your local community \nto the victim.\n\n\n\u2022 Discuss the benefits and potential risks of alcohol and/or \ndrug testing.41\n\n\n\u2022 Educate the victim that most toxicology testing comes back \nnegative due to delayed reporting. Negative toxicology \nreports are not unusual and are not a reason to discount the \nvictim's story.42\n\n\nProsecution\n\n\n\u2022 Consider whether drug screening evidence will be useful as \npart of your case strategy.\n\n\n \n\nIf the victim is still under the influence \n5\\. of drugs and/or alcohol\n\n\nLaw Enforcement\n\n\n\u2022 Delay taking a written statement.43\n\n\n \n\nAdvocacy\n\n\n\u2022 Encourage the victim to delay making critical choices or \ndecisions while under the influence of drugs or alcohol.\n\n\n \n\n# ENDNOTES\n\n\n1 International Association of Chiefs of Police. (2015). National law\nenforcement leadership initiative on\n\n\n \n\nviolence against women. Retrieved from:\nhttps://www.theiacp.org/projects/national-law-en- \nforcement-leadership-initiative-on-violence-against-women \n2 Horvath, M. A. H., & Brown, J. M. (eds). (2009). Rape: Challenging\ncontemporary thinking. Collompton: \nWillan Publishing. Retrieved from\nhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/265022077_From_ \nAlcohol_and_drugs_in_rape_and_sexual_assault \n3 Abbey, A., Zawacki, T., Buck, P. O., Clinton, A. M., & McAuslan, P. (n.d.)\nAlcohol and sexual assault. \nNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Retrieved from\nhttps://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/ \npublications/arh25-1/43-51.htm\n\n\n \n\n4 Ibid.\n\n\n \n\n5 Research Institute on Addictions. (Spring 2014). Research Institute on\nAddictions (RIA) reaching \nothers: Alcohol and sexual assault. University of Buffalo. Retrieved from\nhttp://www.buffalo.edu/ \ncontent/dam/www/ria/PDFs/ES11-AlcoholandSexualAssault.pdf\n\n\n \n\n6 Testa, M., & Livingston, J. A. (2009). Alcohol consumption and women\u2019s\nvulnerability to sexual\n\n\n \n\nvictimization: Can reducing women\u2019s drinking prevent rape? Substance Use &\nMisuse, 44(9-10),\n\n\n \n\n# 1349\u20131376. http://doi.org/10.1080/10826080902961468\n\n\n \n\n7 Research Institute on Addictions. Research Institute on Addictions reaching\nothers.\n\n\n \n\n8 Abbey, Alcohol and sexual assault.\n\n\n \n\n9 Campbell, R. (2012). Transcript \"The Neurobiology of Sexual Assault.\" NIJ\nResearch for the Real World \nSeminar. Retrieved from https://nij.gov/multimedia/presenter/presenter-\ncampbell/pages/pre- \nsenter-campbell-transcript.aspx\n\n\n12 Johnson, S. A. (2017). Intoxicated perpetrators of sexual assault and rape\nknow what they are doing \ndespite intoxication: What the literature has to say. Journal on Forensic\nScience & Criminal \nInvestigation, 1(4). doi:10.19080/jfsci.2017.01.555570. Retrieved from\nhttps://juniperpublishers. \ncom/jfsci/pdf/JFSCI.MS.ID.555570.pdf\n\n\n \n\n10 Abbey, Alcohol and sexual assault. \n11 Abbey, Alcohol and sexual assault.\n\n\n13 Abbey, Alcohol and sexual assault.\n\n\n \n\n14 Kilpatrick, D. G., Resnick, H.S., Ruggiero, K. J., Conoscenti, L. M., &\nMcCauley, J. (2007). Drug-facil- \nitated, incapacitated, and forcible rape: A national study. Medical University\nof South Carolina \nNational Crime Victims Research & Treatment Center. Retrieved from\nhttps://www.ncjrs.gov/ \npdffiles1/nij/grants/219181.pdf\n\n\n \n\n15 Prendergast, W. E. (2004). Treating Sex Offenders: A guide to clinical\npractice with adults, clerics,\n\n\n \n\nchildren, and adolescents. London: Routledge.\n\n\n \n\n16 Paul, E. L., & Hayes, K. A. (2002). The casualties of \u2018casual\u2019 sex: A\nqualitative exploration of the\n\n\n \n\nphenomenology of college students\u2019 hookups. Journal of Social and Personal\nRelationships,\n\n\n17 Archambault, J., & Lonsway, K. A. (2017). Preliminary investigation:\nGuidelines for first responders.\n\n\n \n\n19(5), 639-661.\n\n\nEnd Violence Against Women International (EVAWI). Retrieved from\nhttp://www.evawintl.org/\n\n\n \n\nlibrary/DocumentLibraryHandler.ashx?id=40\n\n\n \n\n18 International Association of Chiefs of Police, National law enforcement\nleadership initiative on\n\n\n \n\nviolence against women.\n\n\n \n\n19 Lonsway, K. A., Jones-Lockwood, A., & Archambault, J. (2017). Breaking\nbarriers: The role of com- \nmunity-based and system-based victim advocates. End Violence Against Women\nInternational \n(EVAWI). Retrieved from\nhttp://www.evawintl.org/library/DocumentLibraryHandler.ashx?id=31 \n20 Scalzo, T. (2007). Prosecuting alcohol-facilitated sexual assault. National\nDefense Attorney Association.\n\n\n \n\n#\nhttp://www.ndaa.org/pdf/pub_prosecuting_alcohol_facilitated_sexual_assault.pdf\n\n\n \n\n21 Archambault, Preliminary investigation. \n22 Scalzo, Prosecuting alcohol-facilitated sexual assault. \n23 International Association of Chiefs of Police, National law enforcement\nleadership initiative on\n\n\n \n\nviolence against women.\n\n\n \n\n24 Ibid. \n25 Archambault, Preliminary investigation. \n26 Scalzo, Prosecuting alcohol-facilitated sexual assault. \n27 Minnesota Coalition Against Sexual Assault. (2010). Alcohol and drug\nfacilitated sexual as- \nsault. Sexual Violence Justice Institute. Retrieved from\nhttp://www.mncasa.org/assets/PDFs/ \nsvji_facts_2_3033876240.pdf \n28 International Association of Chiefs of Police, National law enforcement\nleadership initiative on\n\n\n \n\nviolence against women.\n\n\n \n\n29 Ibid.\n\n\n \n\n30 Archambault, Preliminary investigation. \n31 Lonsway, Breaking barriers. \n32 Scalzo, Prosecuting alcohol-facilitated sexual assault. \n33 Testa, Alcohol consumption and women\u2019s vulnerability to sexual\nvictimization. \n34 International Association of Chiefs of Police, National law enforcement\nleadership initiative\n\n\n \n\non\n\n\n \n\nviolence against women.\n\n\n \n\n35 Archambault, J., Lonsway, K. A., & Keenan, S. (2006). Effective report\nwriting: Using the language of \nnon-consensual sex. End Violence Against Women International (EVAWI).\nRetrieved from http:// \nolti.evawintl.org/images/docs/REPORT%20WRITING%205-15-12.pdf \n36 International Association of Chiefs of Police, National law enforcement\nleadership initiative on\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 812981, "type": "text", "content": "# No. 2] Falsehoods and the First Amendment 395\n\n\ni n some terrible misconduct, or that a candidate for public office is cor- \nrupt, many people will think that the statement would not have been \nmade unless it had some basis in fact. On this view, there is fire wher- \never there is smoke. And even if most of us are not so credulous and do \nnot adhere to such a rule, the mere presence of a false statement can \nleave a cloud of suspicion, a kind of negative feeling or affective after- \neffect that can ultimately influence our beliefs and behavior.45 If we \nhear, \u201cPolitian Jones never committed assault,\u201d our minds will none- \ntheless associate Jones with assault. In the terms of a metaphor often \nused in behavioral science, the parts of our mind that make fast and \nintuitive choices and that are sometimes driven by emotion (often \ncalled \u201cSystem 1\u201d) might credit the false statement, even if the slower, \nmore deliberative, and more calculative parts (\u201cSystem 2\u201d) do not.46\n\n\n \n\nIt is true and important that any effort to regulate speech will create \na chilling effect.47 Punish people for spreading falsehoods, and you will \nfind yourself chilling truth. In Alvarez, Justice Breyer noted that \u201cthe \nthreat of criminal prosecution for making a false statement can inhibit \nthe speaker from making true statements, thereby \u2018chilling\u2019 a kind of \nspeech that lies at the First Amendment\u2019s heart.\u201d48 Suppose, for exam- \nple, that a law will hold people accountable if they circulate a false \nstatement about a presidential candidate. To be sure, it is good if peo- \nple \u2014 voters as well as the candidate personally \u2014 are not injured as a \nresult of that false statement. But that very law will discourage others \nfrom disclosing, on the basis of credible evidence, the fact that a candi- \ndate has done something wrong or even terrible.49\n\n\n \n\nBut there is a countervailing consideration. Sometimes a chilling \neffect can be an excellent safeguard. Without such an effect, the mar- \nketplace of ideas will allow many people to spread damaging false- \nhoods about both individuals and institutions. 50 If false statements \ncreate serious problems, it is important to ensure that the fear of a \nchilling effect does not itself have a chilling effect on public discussion \nor social practices. Some falsehoods can hurt or even ruin individual \nlives. For all these reasons, it is sensible to hope that social norms and\n\n\n45\\. See Danielle Polage, The Effect of Telling Lies on Belief in the Truth,\n13 EUROPE\u2019S J. \nPSYCHOL. 633, 639 (2017). \n46\\. See DANIEL KAHNEMAN, THINKING, FAST AND SLOW 20 (2011). \n47\\. A classic discussion is Frederick Schauer, Fear, Risk and the First\nAmendment: Un- \nraveling the \u201cChilling Effect,\u201d 58 B.U. L. REV. 685 (1978). \n48\\. United States v. Alvarez, 567 U.S. 709, 733 (2012) (Breyer, J.,\nconcurring). \n49\\. In Alvarez, the dissenting opinion insisted: \u201cThe lies covered by the\nStolen Valor Act \nhave no intrinsic value and thus merit no First Amendment protection unless\ntheir prohibition \nwould chill other expression that falls within the Amendment\u2019s scope.\u201d Id. at\n750 (Alito, J., \ndissenting). \n50\\. See Vosoughi et al., supra note 7, at 1147.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 669737, "type": "text", "content": "Shifting Sexual Assault Evidence-Based Knowledge and Practices for Law\nEnforcement, Prosecution, and Advocacy\n\n\n \n\n# Briefing Sheet: Alcohol and/or Drugs\n\n\nCASE CIRCUMSTANCE\n\n\nVictim and/or suspect consumed alcohol and/or drugs.\n\n\nMISINFORMATION\n\n\n\u2022 Belief that victims who engage in alcohol and/or drug \nuse are at least somewhat to blame for the assault.\n\n\n\u2022 Belief that victims who lie about alcohol and/or drug \nuse cannot be trusted to tell the truth about the \nsexual assault.\n\n\n\u2022 Belief that it is impossible to know what really \nhappened if both the victim and suspect \nconsumed alcohol and/or drugs.\n\n\n\u2022 Belief that if a victim is drunk or high, sexual advances \nthat would be inappropriate under other circumstances \nbecome appropriate.\n\n\n\u2022 Belief that women who drink are more willing to have \nconsensual sex and, therefore, less likely to be raped.\n\n\n\u2022 Belief that, if a victim is an addict, that they were \nlikely exchanging sex for drugs or money and were \nnot assaulted.\n\n\n\u2022 Belief that perpetrators are not responsible for their \nsexual aggression if they were under the influence of \nalcohol or drugs.\n\n\n \n\nBARRIERS TO INVESTIGATION, \nPROSECUTION, OR ADVOCACY\n\n\n \n\n\n \n\n\u2022 The victim may self-blame, making statements that \nexpress some responsibility for the assault and/or \nprovide excuses for the suspect\u2019s actions.\n\n\n\u2022 Female victims face a double standard: men are held \nless responsible for their behavior while drinking, while \nwomen are held more responsible.\n\n\n\u2022 The victim cannot remember the assault, or their \nmemory of the assault is fragmented, disjointed, or \nnon-linear.\n\n\n\u2022 The victim says they were not drinking and/or denies \nany illegal alcohol or drug use.\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 The victim is not honest about the amount of drugs \nand/or alcohol they consumed.\n\n\n\u2022 The victim did not aggressively push the suspect away \nand there were no signs of a struggle.\n\n\n\u2022 The victim did not leave the situation when they had \nthe opportunity.\n\n\n\u2022 The victim delays reporting due to alcohol and/or \ndrug use.\n\n\n\u2022 The suspect was under the influence of alcohol and/or \ndrugs and states that sex was consensual.\n\n\n\u2022 \"He said, she said\" (or more broadly: \u201cthe victim said \nand the suspect said\u201d) may add complexity but is not \nan excuse to end an investigation.\n\n\n\u2022 The victim may have been forced to do some sexual \nacts under the influence of drugs and/or alcohol that \nthey are ashamed of and may not want to talk about.\n\n\nCompendium of Resources \nfor Sexual Assault (CORSA)\n\n\n \n\nSee back for more \ninformation\n\n\n07\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 669738, "type": "text", "content": "CURRENT SCIENCE TO \nINFORM PRACTICE\n\n\n\u2022 Drinking and/or drug use increases victim vulnerability, \nnot culpability.1\n\n\n\u2022 Alcohol is the most common date rape drug.2\n\n\n\u2022 Approximately 50% of sexual assaults involve alcohol \nconsumption by the perpetrator, victim, or both.3\n\n\n\u2022 Research shows that drinking increases the risk of sexual \nassault. However, heavy alcohol consumption by the \nvictim and/or offender never \u201ccauses\u201d or justifies \nsexual assault.4\n\n\n\u2022 Studies indicate that depictions of sex and alcohol by \nthe media lead to the misperception that women who \ndrink are sexually willing.5\n\n\n\u2022 Incapacitated Rape (IR) occurs when the victim \nvoluntarily uses drugs or alcohol and then experiences \nunwanted sexual acts when they are unaware of their \nactions or are too intoxicated to provide consent.6\n\n\n\u2022 Victims who engage in alcohol or drug use commonly \nmake delayed reports or do not report at all because \nthey fear they will be judged or not believed.7\n\n\n\u2022 The negative effects of alcohol and/or a drugs on \ncognition may result in victims experiencing:\n\n\n\u00bb Difficulty recalling details of (or the entire) trauma \nor recalling it in a chronological, logical or non- \nfragmented manner.8 9\n\n\n \n\n\u00bb A reduced ability to evaluate risk, i.e., a clearly risky \nsituation does not seem risky to a victim engaged in \nalcohol or drug use.10\n\n\n\u2022 Alcohol and/or drug use can lead to motor impairments \nreducing a person\u2019s ability to physically resist \neffectively.11\n\n\n\u2022 Perpetrators are still responsible for criminal activity \neven if they were high or drunk.12\n\n\n\u2022 Perpetrators may purposefully select victims who are \nhigh or drunk.13\n\n\n\u2022 Drug and Alcohol Facilitated Rape (DAFR) occurs when \nthe perpetrator deliberately gives the victim drugs \nwithout their permission or tries to get them drunk, and \nthen commits an unwanted sexual act involving oral, \nanal, or vaginal penetration. The victim is unaware of \ntheir actions or is too intoxicated to provide consent.14\n\n\n\u2022 Research on rapists reveals some commonalities \nincluding: heavy alcohol use; hostility towards women; \nbelief in rape myths; lack of empathy; identity and \nboundary confusion; mental manipulation tendencies; \nand a misperception of women\u2019s friendliness as \nsexual interest.15\n\n\n\u2022 One study found that heavy drinking in men occurs \nalongside other identified risk factors for sexual \naggression including impulsivity, narcissism, a lack of \nempathy, delinquency, enjoyment of casual sex, hostile \nmasculinity, and peer norms that encourage forced sex.16\n\n\n \n\nPROMOTING \nBEST PRACTICES\n\n\n\u2022 It is a best practice that otherwise unlawful use of alcohol \nor drugs by the victim in the current encounter should not \nbe a matter for a separate police investigation. Research or \nclarify if your local area is implementing (or can implement) \nthis best practice.17\n\n\n\u2022 Develop rapport with the victim and encourage them to be \nhonest about any drug and/or alcohol use so that it later \ncannot be used to discredit them.18 19 20\n\n\n\u2022 Reassure the victim that they did not cause or deserve the \nassault due to their alcohol and/or drug use.21 22\n\n\n\u2022 Reassure the victim that you take the complaint seriously, then \nfollow through.23\n\n\nBe aware of signs that drugs and alcohol were \n1\\. involved, or that the victim was unable to provide \nactive consent.\n\n\n\u2022 Explore whether the victim experienced any loss of memory, \ndisorientation, slurred speech, dizziness, confusion, severe \nillness or hallucinations, reduced inhibitions, or impaired \nmotor functioning.24\n\n\nLaw Enforcement\n\n\n\u2022 Pay attention to evidence, such as the victim\u2019s state of \nincapacitation as reported by eyewitnesses, or photos/videos \non social media. 25 26 27\n\n\nProsecution\n\n\n\u2022 Utilize an expert witness to explain the physical signs/ \nsymptoms and brain trauma of drug and/or \nalcohol impairment.28\n\n\nAdvocacy\n\n\n\u2022 Educate the victim about the impact of alcohol and/or drugs \nand the nature of trauma on the brain.\n\n\nA victim's memory may be fragmented \n2\\. due to the alcohol, drug use and/or trauma.\n\n\nLaw Enforcement/Prosecution\n\n\n\u2022 Speak to witnesses to establish timeframes, confirm unusual \nbehavior, provide critical facts, and identify potential sources \nof information.29\n\n\nAdvocacy\n\n\n\u2022 Normalize this experience and address the victim\u2019s anxieties \nand fears regarding these fragmented memories.\n\n\n\u2022 Discuss the victim\u2019s concerns regarding illegal alcohol \nor drug use.30 31 32\n\n\nFocus on the suspect\u2019s possible predatory behavior \n3\\. rather than the victim\u2019s character or behavior.\n\n\nLaw Enforcement/Prosecution\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n \n\nVictim\u2019s incapacitation from alcohol or drugs can be a case \nfact or proof of victim selection, rather than a reason to doubt \nor drop the case.33\n\n\n08\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Given that some people alleged a cover-up, how might this affect the public’s perception if it was reported alongside both the incident of an official being drunk on duty and a recount being conducted?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 56, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 63168, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='29' style='font-size:20px'>Acces PDF Om 906 La Engine Specs</h1>\n<p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Mercedes MBE 906 Diesel Engine \| Reviva<br>Hello I have a 2003 MBE Model 0M 906 LA S.N.<br>3MBXH6.37DJA. 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Don't Buy A Diesel Before Watching This video.</p>\n<br><p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>2015 Mercedes Benz S550 Full Review, Interior, Exterior, Lights, Engine</p>\n<br><p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>101:</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 63166, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='17' style='font-size:20px'>Acces PDF Om 906 La Engine Specs</h1>\n<p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Bookmark File PDF Mercedes Om906la Engine Specs<br>We are coming again, the other heap that this site<br>has. To resolution your curiosity, we have enough<br>money the favorite mercedes om906la engine specs<br>autograph album as the unconventional today. This is<br>a record that will acquit yourself you even<br>supplementary to pass thing. 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It was<br>jointly developed by<br>Daimler-Benz and<br>MAN in the mid 1970s<br>and built jointly while<br>preserving company s ...<br>Page 23/31</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2918887, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Download Ebook<br>Mercedes Engine<br>401<br>OM 403, OM 422, OM<br>424, OM444LA, and<br>OM936. Page 1 of 1.</p>\n<p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>400 series of Mercedes-<br>Benz diesel engines,<br>online shop ...<br>The OM441A Four-<br>stroke diesel engine<br>manufactured by<br>Mercedes-Benz has a<br>volume of 10,965 cubic<br>centimeters (657 cubic<br>inches). This is the third<br>Page 8/31</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Compare and contrast the specifications of OM 906 LA with a model from the related engines such as OM 460 based on their likely applications and capacities.	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 57, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["tabular reasoning"]}
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Replace any safety device that is worn or defective. v Reinstall all covers correctly before returning the machine to the customer. v Fan louvers on the machine help to prevent overheating of internal components. Do not obstruct fan louvers or cover them with labels or stickers. 2 ThinkPad T61 and T61p (14.1-inch) Hardware Maintenance</p>\n<p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>ThinkPad T61 and T61p (14.1-inch) Hardware Maintenance Manual</p>\n<br><p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>1. Check that the operating system has no failure and is installed correctly. 2. Reinstall the operation system. Excluded from boot order. v Enter the BIOS Setup Utility and add the device in boot order. ThinkPad T61 and T61p (15.4-inch widescreen) Page 56: Beep Symptoms</p>\n<p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>LENOVO THINKPAD T61 SERVICE MANUAL Pdf Download \| ManualsLib</p>\n<br><p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Page 8 Read this first \u00ae ThinkPad T61 Service and Troubleshooting Guide Route the cables of an ac adapter, a mouse, a keyboard, a printer, or any other electronic device, or communication lines, so that they cannot be walked on, tripped over, pinched by your computer or other objects, or in any way subjected to treatment that could disturb the operation of your computer.</p>\n<p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>LENOVO THINKPAD T61 7659 USER MANUAL Pdf Download.</p>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>About this manual. This manual contains service and reference information for the following. ThinkPad \u00ae products. ThinkPad T61. MT MT 1959, 6377, 6378, 6379, 6480 ...</p>\n<p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>IBM ThinkPad T61, ThinkPad R61, ThinkPad R61I Service Manual</p>\n<br><p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Thinkpad T61 Service Troubleshooting Guide is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly Our digital library hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one Merely said, the Thinkpad T61 Service Troubleshooting</p>\n<p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Read Online Thinkpad T61 Service Troubleshooting Guide</p>\n<br><p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Thinkpad T61 Service Troubleshooting Guide is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. 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This manual comes under the<br>category Laptops and has been rated by 1 people with an<br>average of a 7.5. This manual is available in the following<br>languages: English.</p>\n<p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>User manual Lenovo ThinkPad T15 (130 pages)</p>\n<br><p id='33' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>manual This manual contains service and reference information<br>for the following ThinkPad\u00ae products. ThinkPad T500 MT 2055,<br>2056, 2081, 2082, 2083, 2087, 2088, 2089, 2241, 2242, 2243,<br>2246, 2247, and 2261 ThinkPad W500 MT 4058, 4061, 4062,<br>4063, 4064, and 4065 Use this manual along with the advanced<br>diagnostic tests to troubleshoot problems. The manual is divided<br>into sections as follows: v The common</p>\n<p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>ThinkPad T500 and W500 Hardware Maintenance Manual</p>\n<br><p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>ThinkPad laptops. The ThinkPad is one of best laptop for any<br>business and the ThinkPad T410 has been no exception. At<br>Lenovo, we continue to improve and update our products for<br>you\u2014new cutting-edge features, upgraded productivity<br>enhancements, faster, more powerful processors, and expanded<br>memory and storage.</p>\n<p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>ThinkPad T410 Laptop \| Business Laptop \| Lenovo US</p>\n<br><p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Database contains 41 Lenovo ThinkPad T400 Manuals (available<br>for free online viewing or downloading in PDF): Gu\u00eda de<br>despliegue, Hardware maintenance manual, Guide de<br>d\u00e9ploiement, Setup manual, Hardware manual, \u0420\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<br>\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, Guia de con\ufb01gura\u00e7\u00e3o, Initial setup,<br>Implementierungshandbuch, Notice, Setup poster, Service<br>manual, Deployment manual, Maintenance manual, Operation &<br>user\u2019s manual.</p>\n<footer id='38' style='font-size:14px'>Page 3/4</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3218010, "type": "text", "content": "# Ebooks Thinkpad T60 User Manual.pdf\n\n\n# Thinkpad T60 User Manual\n\n\nLenovo THINKPAD T60 - Manuals \| ManualsLib ThinkPad T60/T60p \nHardware Maintenance Manual Lenovo Laptop T60 User Guide \| \nManualsOnline.com Lenovo THINKPAD T60 - Manuals and User \nGuides, Desktop ... Lenovo THINKPAD T60 - Manuals \| ManualsLib \nT60 T60p Hardware Maintenance Manual - Lenovo widescreen) \nHardware Maintenance Manual ThinkPad T60/T60p Hardware \nMaintenance Manual Lenovo Laptop T60 User Guide \| \nManualsOnline.com T60 Manual T60 User Manual - \ngalileoplatforms.com Thinkpad T60 User Manual - tariff.ldpr.ru Ibm \nThinkpad Laptop Manual - inoxnhatrang.net Lenovo User Guide S - \nwindyturkiye.com T60 T60p Hardware Maintenance Manual - Lenovo \nThinkPad T60/T60p Hardware Maintenance Manual T60 User Manual - \ngalileoplatforms.com Thinkpad T60 User Manual - tariff.ldpr.ru Ibm \nT60 User Manual - maintenance.nten.org T60 User Manual - \ncategories.cofoce.gob.mx ThinkPad T61 and T61p (14.1-inch) \nHardware Maintenance Manual Overview - ThinkPad T60, T60p - \nKelsusIT Ibm Thinkpad Manuals Lenovo User Guide S - \nwindyturkiye.com\n\n\nManuals and User Guides for Lenovo THINKPAD T60 -. We have \n45 Lenovo THINKPAD T60 - manuals available for free PDF \ndownload: Hardware Maintenance Manual, Guide De D\u00e9ploiement, \nDeployment Manual, Implementierungshandbuch, Gu\u00eda De \nDespliegue, Supplementary Manual, Service Och Fels\u00f6kning, \nManual De D\u00e9ploiement, Guida Alla Distribuzione, Manual ...\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2355603, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='39' style='font-size:20px'>Bookmark File PDF Lenovo Thinkpad Manual</h1>\n<p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Lenovo ThinkPad T400 Manuals and User Guides, Desktop</p>\n<br><h1 id='41' style='font-size:18px'>...</h1>\n<br><p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The ThinkPad X13 Yoga Gen 1 (starts at $971; $1,447 as tested)<br>is Lenovo's elite 13.3-inch 2-in-1 convertible notebook for<br>business. Though it bears a first-generation label, this model is a<br>...</p>\n<p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Copyright code: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.</p>\n<footer id='44' style='font-size:16px'>Page 4/4</footer>\n<p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Copyright : sestopotere.it</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2355597, "type": "text", "content": "# Bookmark File PDF Lenovo Thinkpad Manual\n\n\ndrop-down menu. Click Knowledge Base & Guides on the left side \nof the navigation page. Note: The Product Home tab also \ncontains links to the product manuals. Select the User Guides \ntab at the top of the page.\n\n\nHow to find and view manuals for Lenovo products ...\n\n\n \n\nUser Guide - ThinkPad E14, E15 (HTML) > laptops-and-netbooks \n> thinkpad-edge-laptops > E14 (Type 20RA, 20RB) Laptop \n(ThinkPad)\n\n\n(English) User Guide - ThinkPad E14, E15 (HTML) - Lenovo\n\n\n \n\n# ...\n\n\n \n\nManuals and User Guides for Lenovo ThinkPad T400. We have 44 \nLenovo ThinkPad T400 manuals available for free PDF download: \nHardware Maintenance Manual, Maintenance Manual, Service \nAnd Troubleshooting Manual, Setup Poster, Service Manual, \nImplementierungshandbuch, Manual De D\u00e9ploiement, Guida Alla \nDistribuzione, Deployment Manual, Gu\u00eda De Despliegue, Manual, \nUser Manual, Notice, Initial Setup, Setup Manual\n\n\n# Lenovo ThinkPad T400 Manuals \| ManualsLib\n\n\n \n\nView and Download Lenovo ThinkPad 11e user manual online. \nThinkPad 11e laptop pdf manual download. Also for: Thinkpad \nyoga 11e.\n\n\nLENOVO THINKPAD 11E USER MANUAL Pdf Download \| \nManualsLib\n\n\n \n\nView and Download Lenovo ThinkPad X131e user manual online. \nThinkPad X131e laptop pdf manual download.\n\n\nLENOVO THINKPAD X131E USER MANUAL Pdf Download \| \nManualsLib\n\n\n \n\nUser Guide - Thinkpad T490 (HTML) > laptops-and-netbooks > \nthinkpad-t-series-laptops > T490 Type 20Q9, 20QH Laptop \n(ThinkPad)\n\n\n(English) User Guide - Thinkpad T490 (HTML) - Lenovo ...\n\n\n \n\nView & download of more than 36041 Lenovo PDF user manuals, \nservice manuals, operating guides. Desktop, Laptop user \nmanuals, operating guides & specifications\n\n\n \n\nPage 2/4\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1945, "type": "text", "content": "# File Type PDF Lenovo S10 3s User Manual\n\n\nOperation & user\u2019s manual (2 pages) 10: Lenovo IdeaPad S10-3S \n6 Cell Li Battery Manuals ...\n\n\nLenovo Manuals and User Guides - all-guidesbox.com \nRam upgrade Lenovo ideapad s10-3s\n\n\nCopyright code: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.\n\n\n# Copyright : thepopculturecompany.com\n\n\n \nPage 4/4\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}]	How would you determine the latest version of the Lenovo IdeaPad S10-3s User Guide if multiple versions are available on different databases?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 59, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["tabular reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 2845857, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='34' style='font-size:14px'>WECIL Safeguarding & Child Protection Policy. Approved on 07/06/2021</header>\n<p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>young person is happy for this to happen. Contact should be<br>relevant to their age and understanding and adults should remain<br>sensitive to any discomfort expressed verbally or non-verbally by<br>the child or young person. Staff should therefore use their<br>professional judgement at all times.</p>\n<p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>P arents and carers should be informed of the need for appropriate<br>physical contact during activities and request for their consent<br>should be sought in advance.</p>\n<p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>P hysical contact should never be secretive, or for the gratification<br>of the adult, or represent a misuse of authority. If a member of staff<br>believes that an action by them or a colleague could be<br>misinterpreted, or if an action is observed which is possibly abusive<br>the incident and circumstances should be immediately reported to<br>the DSLCYP. Extra caution may be required where it is known that<br>a child or young person has suffered previous abuse or neglect.<br>Staff need to be aware that the child or young person may associate<br>physical contact with such experiences. They also should recognise<br>that these children may seek out inappropriate physical contact. In<br>such circumstances staff should deter the child sensitively and help<br>them to understand the importance of personal boundaries.</p>\n<p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>C hildren and young people with disabilities may require more<br>physical contact to assist their everyday learning. The<br>arrangements should be understood and agreed by all concerned,<br>justified in terms of the child or young person\u2019s needs, consistently<br>applied and open to scrutiny.</p>\n<h1 id='39' style='font-size:20px'>4.17 Physical Intervention</h1>\n<p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>P hysical intervention should never be used as a first reaction to<br>difficult or challenging behaviour. Staff should make all efforts to<br>diffuse or de-escalate the situation using strategies in the positive<br>behaviour and physical intervention plans. If a member of staff<br>feels that a child or young person is a danger to them or other<br>children and young people, then all efforts should be made to<br>create a safe environment for everybody involved, this could<br>include evacuating the area to allow the child or young person<br>space.</p>\n<footer id='41' style='font-size:16px'>35</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2845769, "type": "text", "content": "WECIL Safeguarding & Child Protection Policy. Approved on 07/06/2021\n\n\nyoung person is happy for this to happen. Contact should be \nrelevant to their age and understanding and adults should remain \nsensitive to any discomfort expressed verbally or non-verbally by \nthe child or young person. Staff should therefore use their \nprofessional judgement at all times.\n\n\nP arents and carers should be informed of the need for appropriate \nphysical contact during activities and request for their consent \nshould be sought in advance.\n\n\nP hysical contact should never be secretive, or for the gratification \nof the adult, or represent a misuse of authority. If a member of staff \nbelieves that an action by them or a colleague could be \nmisinterpreted, or if an action is observed which is possibly abusive \nthe incident and circumstances should be immediately reported to \nthe DSLCYP. Extra caution may be required where it is known that \na child or young person has suffered previous abuse or neglect. \nStaff need to be aware that the child or young person may associate \nphysical contact with such experiences. They also should recognise \nthat these children may seek out inappropriate physical contact. In \nsuch circumstances staff should deter the child sensitively and help \nthem to understand the importance of personal boundaries.\n\n\nC hildren and young people with disabilities may require more \nphysical contact to assist their everyday learning. The \narrangements should be understood and agreed by all concerned, \njustified in terms of the child or young person\u2019s needs, consistently \napplied and open to scrutiny.\n\n\n# 4.17 Physical Intervention\n\n\nP hysical intervention should never be used as a first reaction to \ndifficult or challenging behaviour. Staff should make all efforts to \ndiffuse or de-escalate the situation using strategies in the positive \nbehaviour and physical intervention plans. If a member of staff \nfeels that a child or young person is a danger to them or other \nchildren and young people, then all efforts should be made to \ncreate a safe environment for everybody involved, this could \ninclude evacuating the area to allow the child or young person \nspace.\n\n\n35\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3220041, "type": "text", "content": "\u2022 avoid any inappropriate discussion and insensitive, disparaging or sarcastic\ncomments or jokes, \nwhether that be verbal or written down, including via email and social media.\n\n\n\u2022 avoid physical contact with a Safeguarded Apprentice.\n\n\n\u2022 ensure permission is sought from the Safeguarded Apprentice and their\nparent/guardian to take \nphotographs, films or any other image of them, and make clear how they will be\nused\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 use discretion in conduct with non-safeguarded Apprentices and consult with\nthe SCA or DSL if \nin doubt.\n\n\nMost importantly, following any incident where a Guild member feels their\nactions or comments \nhave been misconstrued, they must discuss the matter with the DSL or DDSL\n\n\n \n\nIt is strongly recommended that Apprentice Master correspondence and\ncommunications with the \nSafeguarded Apprentice is shared with the Apprentice\u2019s family so that the\n\u2018mentoring\u2019 relationship is \nfully understood and supported, especially while the Apprentice is in\nattendance at school or college.\n\n\nOnline Manual Final, 1st May 2021\n\n\n \n8 \| P a g e\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 395237, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='61' style='font-size:20px'>Better Communication, Better Care: Provider Tools to Care for Diverse Populations<br>Resources to Assist Communication with a Diverse Patient Population Base</header>\n<h1 id='62' style='font-size:22px'>4.</h1>\n<br><h1 id='63' style='font-size:22px'>NON- VERBAL COMMUNICATION AND PATIENT CARE</h1>\n<br><p id='64' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>rev. 2004 (A04 Pg. 1 of 2)</p>\n<br><p id='65' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Non-verbal communication is a subtle form of communication that takes place in the initial three<br>seconds after meeting someone for the first time and can continue through the entire interaction.<br>Research indicates that non-verbal communication accounts for approximately 65% of a<br>communication episode. Non-verbal communication can impact the success of communication more<br>acutely than the spoken word. Our culturally informed unconscious framework evaluates gestures,<br>appearance, body language, the face, and how space is used. Yet, we are rarely aware of how<br>persons from other cultures perceive our nonverbal communication or the subtle cues we have used to<br>assess the person.</p>\n<p id='66' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The following are case studies that provide examples of non-verbal miscommunication that can<br>sabotage a patient-provider encounter. Broad cultural generalizations are used for illustrative purposes.<br>They should not be mistaken for stereotypes. A stereotype and a generalization may appear similar, but<br>they function very differently. A stereotype is an ending point; no attempt is made to learn whether the<br>individual in question fits the statement. A generalization is a beginning point; it indicates common<br>trends, but further information is needed to ascertain whether the statement is appropriate to a<br>particular individual.</p>\n<p id='67' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Generalizations can serve as a guide to be accompanied by individualized in-person assessment. As a<br>rule, ask the patient, rather than assume you know the patient\u2019s needs and wants. If asked, patients will<br>usually share their personal beliefs, practices and preferences related to prevention, diagnosis and<br>treatment.</p>\n<br><h1 id='68' style='font-size:20px'>Eye Contact</h1>\n<br><p id='69' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Ellen was trying to teach her Navaho patient, Jim Nez, how to live with his newly<br>diagnosed diabetes. She soon became extremely frustrated because she felt she was<br>not getting through to him. He asked very few questions and never met her eyes. She<br>reasoned from this that he was uninterested and therefore not listening to her.1</p>\n<p id='70' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>It is rude to meet and hold eye contact with an elder or someone in a position of authority such as<br>health professionals in most Latino, Asian, American Indian and many Arab countries. It may be also<br>considered a form of social aggression if a male insists on meeting and holding eye contact with a<br>female.</p>\n<br><h1 id='71' style='font-size:20px'>Touch and Use of Space</h1>\n<br><p id='72' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>A physician with a large medical group requested assistance encouraging young female patients to<br>make and keep their first well woman appointment. The physician stated that this group had a high no-<br>show rate and appointments did not go as smoothly as the physician would like.</p>\n<p id='73' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Talk the patient through each exam so that the need for the physical contact is</p>\n<p id='74' data-category='footnote' style='font-size:16px'>1, 2 Galanti, G. (1997). Caring for Patients from Different Cultures. University of Pennsylvania Press.<br>Hall, E.T. (1985). Hidden Differences: Studies in International Communication. Hamburg: Gruner & Jahr.<br>Hall, E.T. (1990). Understanding Cultural Differences. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.</p>\n<footer id='75' style='font-size:18px'>Non- Verbal Communication and Patient Care<br>(A04 Pg. 1 of 2)(cid:10) rev. 2004</footer>\n<br><footer id='76' style='font-size:18px'>Page 8 of 84</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2715641, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='87' style='font-size:20px'>SHSC Safeguarding Policy</h1>\n<p id='88' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>S HSC Physical Contact</p>\n<br><p id='89' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Physical contact during sailing activities should always be intended to meet the child\u2019s needs, NOT the adults. The adult<br>will probably use appropriate contact when the aim is to assist in development of the skill or for safety reasons. Examples<br>where adults may need to make physical contact with a child to support them are as follows:</p>\n<p id='90' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\uf0b7 First Aid situations where the casualty may need to be moved or supported into a position or may need their wetsuit /<br>raingear taken off for CPR/ AED access and will abide by the UN Convention of \u201cAssumed Consent\u201d to conduct basic life<br>support to the casualty.<br>\uf0b7 Spotting a trainee on a trapeze simulator in case they sailor slips off the deck, it is important to be standing in a secure<br>stance with an open hand-held between the shoulder blades to prevent the person from hitting their head-first on to the<br>ground.<br>\uf0b7 Assisting a person to zip up the back of the wetsuit or assisting with a heel hook to get the wetsuit off the ankle when<br>someone is too cold post water activity. This should be done in an open area where others can support the child if<br>needed.<br>\uf0b7 Lifting, pulling or dragging a person over the side of a rescue boat or dinghy in a man overboard recovery scenario, when<br>the person asks or needs assistance to get back into or onto the vessel. It is important to ensure your own safety first<br>and apply correct lifting techniques as per manual handling training and where possible utilise equipment such as hoists,<br>slings, ladders, ropes to assist first.<br>\uf0b7 Physical movement or manipulation of the trainee to demonstrate how to perform a manoeuvre using kinaesthetic<br>methodology such as lifting a person\u2019s foot to feel the power affecting a windsurfing board or turning a hand with a tiller<br>exercise.</p>\n<br><p id='91' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>There are many other examples and variations of the above that involve physical contact which occur as part of the sport<br>and the following considerations should always be followed:</p>\n<p id='92' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\uf0b7 All contact should be in an open environment with the permission and understanding of the participant, when not<br>possible another adult or some other children should attend to support and bare witness as appropriate facilitating the<br>persons privacy and dignity<br>\uf0b7 Contact should be determined by the age and developmental stage of the participant - Don\u2019t do something that a child<br>can do for themselves<br>\uf0b7 Never engage in inappropriate touching such as touching of groin, genital areas, buttocks, breasts or any other part of<br>the body that might cause a child distress or embarrassment</p>\n<h1 id='93' style='font-size:14px'>Toileting/Intimate Care</h1>\n<br><p id='94' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Children with specific toileting/intimate care needs: Where a child or young person is considering attending at or<br>participating at any activities or sailing camps organised by SHSC that has specific toileting needs, it may be necessary<br>that prior to such attendance or participation, that a meeting is held between the Children\u2019s Officer, Senior Instructor/<br>Member, the child or young person wishing to attend along with the child\u2019s parents/guardians where the needs of the<br>child should be addressed and agreement reached that those needs can be met. SHSC accepts that it is fundamental to<br>those who may be involved with the intimate care of the child, agree practices which are acceptable to the club/centre,<br>the child and the parents/guardian. While it may be feasible for the child concerned to have a personal care assistant,<br>practices agreed should be sufficiently flexible to cover unforeseen situations, e.g. if personnel care assistant involved in<br>assisting the child are absent.</p>\n<footer id='95' style='font-size:16px'>7</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 433992, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='76' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>[167] A. WILSKA. On the vibrational sensitivity in different regions of the body surface. Acta<br>Physiologica Scandinavica, 31(2-3):285-289, 1954.</p>\n<p id='77' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>[168] D. Wing. Quotation, Tekscan Inc., October 2008.</p>\n<p id='78' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>[169] C. Wisneski, H. Ishii, A. Dahley, M. Gorbet, S. Brave, B. Ullmer, and P. Yarin. Ambient<br>displays: Turning architectural space into an interface between people and digital information.<br>In Cooperative buildings: Integrating information, organization, and architecture, pages 22-<br>32. Springer, 1998.</p>\n<p id='79' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>[170] W. Wong and M. S. Wong. Detecting spinal posture change in sitting positions with tri-axial<br>accelerometers. Elsevier Gait & Posture, 27(1): 168-171, 2008.</p>\n<p id='80' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>[171] D. D. Woods. The alarm problem and directed attention in dynamic fault management.<br>Ergonomics, 38(ll):2371-2393, November 1995.</p>\n<p id='81' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>[172] L. Xu, G. Chen, J. Wang, R. Shen, and S. Zhao. A sensing cushion using simple pressure<br>distribution sensors. In Multisensor Fusion and Integration fo r Intelligent Systems (MFI),<br>2012 IEEE Conference on, pages 451-456. IEEE, 2012.</p>\n<p id='82' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>[173] S. Yohanan, M. Chan, J. Hopkins, H. Sun, and K. E. MacLean. Hapticat: Exploration of<br>affective touch. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces,<br>IC M I\u201905, pages 222-229, October 2005.</p>\n<p id='83' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>[174] S. Yohanan and K. E. MacLean. The haptic creature project: Social hum an-robot interaction<br>through affective touch. Proceedings o f the A IS B 2008 Symposium on the Reign of Catz &<br>Dogs: The Second A ISB Symposium on the Role of Virtual Creatures in a Computerised<br>Society, 1:7-11, April 2008.</p>\n<p id='84' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>[175] J. J. Young, H. Z. Tan, and R. Gray. Validity of haptic cues and its effect on priming visual<br>spatial attention. 11th International Symposium on Haptic Interfaces fo r Virtual Environment<br>and Teleoperator Systems, pages 166-170, 2003.</p>\n<p id='85' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>[176] Y. J. Zheng and J. B. Morrell. A vibrotactile feedback approach to posture guidance. IEEE<br>Haptics Symposium, pages 351-358, 2010.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 205001, "type": "text", "content": "# BrosnaCan Academy of Irish Dance \nAPPROPRIATE PHYSICAL CONTACT IN DANCE \nMay 2020\n\n\n# Physical Contact\n\n\nTeaching Irish dancing is a physical activity and appropriate physical contact\nbetween students \nand teachers in class is essential to dance training. Teachers can make\nphysical contact with a \nstudent to illustrate a concept or to adjust a student\u2019s alignment (especially\nwith the younger \nstudents). Irish dancing posture often requires adjustment of the rib-cage and\nthe buttock area \nsimultaneously and it is sometimes necessary to touch the inner thigh,\nespecially with younger \nstudents.\n\n\nWhen teaching jumps, teachers will be demonstrating with students in ways\nwhich will involve \nsupporting and lifting. In choreographic teaching, teachers demonstrate\npositions and movements \nto the students by moving parts of the students\u2019 bodies and by moving dancers\nin relation to each \nother: this often involves a considerable amount of physical contact with\nstudents.\n\n\nBrosnaCan Academy recognises that such physical contact is a potentially\ncomplex area; and the \nAcademy also fully recognises its responsibilities for safeguarding students\nand teachers and for \nprotecting their welfare.\n\n\n \n\nThe following principles and procedures are in place to fulfil the Academy\u2019s\nobligations:\n\n\ni) Contact by the teacher is made with particular awareness of the needs of\neach individual, to \nassist the dancer in correcting placement. \nii) All teachers will treat any physical contact with relevant sensitivity and\ncare, and with due \nregard for the wishes of the student. \niii) Contact will not involve force or the use of any instrument. \niiii) Teachers will be mindful of location and avoid situations where they are\nisolated with a \nstudent; all classes are held in studios and dance areas with windows. \niiii) Students are encouraged to discuss any worries with any teacher or\nparents. \niiiii) Both students and teachers are encouraged to report any concerns to the\nDesignated \nSafeguarding Lead.\n\n\nUpdated: May 2020 Next Review: April 2021\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 217805, "type": "text", "content": "# Your EYES \nas a Tool\n\n\n\u00b7 Eyes are the window to the \nsoul and can be used as tender \nhands with those who are fearful \nof touch\n\n\n\u00b7 Do not worry about the person\u2019s \nfleeting glances\n\n\n \n\n\u00b7 Imagine that your eyes are \nhands and arms and, thus, reach \nout to the person\n\n\n\u00b7 Move your gaze into the person\u2019s \neyes without scaring the person\n\n\n \n\n\u00b7 Recognize that the person might \nsee your eyes as fists. So, go \nslowly and softly as if tenderly \ntouching the person\u2019s soul\n\n\n\u00b7\n\n\n \n\nYour gaze should be:\n\n\n \n\nSOFT SLOW \nLOVING WARM\n\n\n\u00b7\n\n\n \n\nWhen there seems to be fear or \nits possibility, gaze off to the side \nor slightly downward to avoid \nscaring the person.\n\n\n \n\n# Your HANDS \nas Tools\n\n\n\u00b7 Touch is a concrete sign of love and \na concrete way to teach abstractions\n\n\n \n\n\u00b7 At times, avoid touch due to the \nperson\u2019s life-story, culture, or \nreligious beliefs\n\n\n \n\n\u00b7 When you use touch, do so: \nSoftly \u2022 Slowly \u2022 Predictably \nReady to back off at any moment\n\n\n \n\n\u00b7 As you touch, explain its meaning \n\u201cThis means we are good \u2026 \nWe are friends \u2026\u201d\n\n\n \n\n\u00b7 If appropriate, use an embrace as a \nsymbol and ritual of companionship \nand community in all daily comings \nand goings. If not, find your own ritual.\n\n\n \n\n\u00b7\n\n\n \n\nDescribe touch as a sign of \nfriendship and deep caring.\n\n\n \n\n\u00b7\n\n\n \n\nYou are dealing with fear. If you \ndecide that touch would be good, \ntouch the person as if you were \ntouching the wings of an angel - with \nthe utmost softness, almost not \ntouching, quietly, carefully, and slowly \nwithout provoking any rejection.\n\n\n \n\n\u00b7 If you decide that is best not to use \ntouch, use your other tools as if they \nwere tender hands - words, eyes, \nand presence.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1064436, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>deal of conversation. I wanted to get back, in some way, to the stage of reading at which written<br>words still possessed the power of speech. And so our base of operations was our own<br>relationship; and since Jose early came to trust me, I was able to do something which, simple as<br>it may sound, was of the utmost importance: I made the real, the deeper base of our relationship a<br>matter of physical contact. I could put my arm around his shoulders, or hold his arm, or sit close<br>to him so that our bodies touched, or lean over the page so that our heads almost touched. Adults,<br>and especially adult Americans, are not used to this kind of touching, except of course as it<br>expresses affection. Children, however, and adults of other cultures, touch and hold and lean and<br>press quite as a matter of course. The importance of this contact to a child experiencing problems<br>with reading can hardly be overestimated. Jose was frequently at some sort of border line in his<br>sense of himself: struggling to comprehend, or to cope with his shame and frustration, or to cope<br>with the excitement of dashes of understanding. Little eddies of anxiety moved around and<br>around him--yet he was not thrown back, in his need for support, upon attitudes or emotions; our<br>physical contact gave him security. Nor was it my body be- side his that meant so much, but the<br>fact that the presence of my body vivified his awareness of his. He knew where he was: he was<br>in his skin; and when the little bursts of panic made his head swim or his eyes turn glassy, he did<br>not have to run away or reject the task in tote. He could gather himself together, because his real<br>base - his body --was still there. I know that in the course of our lessons I committed errors and<br>God Knows how many omissions, yet this physical base was so important and so reliable that it<br>provided all kinds of leeway. It took the sting (though not the seriousness) out of my rebukes, it<br>expressed a concern I could not have put into words, it gave a reality and continuity to sessions<br>which were some- times of the most ephemeral content. If one single formula were capable of<br>curing the db of our present methods of education, it would be this physical formula: bring the<br>bodies back. This statement, I know, is incomprehensible to many persons, especially to those<br>who, reading the word \"body,\" think not of the bodies of persons, but of I various ideologies of<br>The Body. This is not the place to amplify this thought. Let me point out, however, that among<br>children all important feelings, desires, and interests take physical forms. The one great physical<br>phenomenon of the public schools consists precisely of squirming in the chairs. If the coercive<br>discipline were relaxed, what a wealth of motion there would be! And how rational and<br>productive would be the procedures which might arise from taking these physical manifestations<br>quite seriously!</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3434515, "type": "text", "content": "# 1\\. Greet without \nphysical contact\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Given that contact should be made without instruments and with sensitivity, how would you ensure postural corrections are communicated effectively if physical contact were not permitted?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 60, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 254381, "type": "text", "content": "FEATURES & INTERVIEWS EXHIBITION REVIEWS OPINION WATCH & LISTEN FAIRS & EVENTS\nSHOP SIGN IN JOIN FRIEZE\n\n\nInfinite Lives\n\n\n# Featured in\n\n\n \n\n# Issue 176\n\n\n \n\nThe online anthropology of Jon Rafman\n\n\n\u2018I\u2019m with them, dancing in the shit,\u2019 says Jon Rafman. It\u2019s an expression of\nresolute solidarity with\n\n\n \n\nG BY GARY ZHEXI ZHANG IN FEATURES \| 16 DEC 15\n\n\nthe virtual revellers who populate his work, from the denizens of Second Life\nto the \u2018furry\u2019\n\n\n \n\nfetishists of 4chan. Rafman is an amateur anthropologist of sorts, a curious\nfl\u00e2neur who walks\n\n\nthe cheaply rendered lands of Second Life and the virtual pathways of Google\nStreet View. In the\n\n\n \n\nRafman\u2019s earlier video works found him trudging for miles on end (a\nperformance in itself ) along\n\n\n \n\namongst the digital subaltern, pausing to sigh at the scenery of a virtual\nsublime.\n\n\nformer, he plays the part of a rambling voyeur, using as his avatar the \u2018Kool-\nAid Man\u2019 \u2013 a smiling,\n\n\n \n\nhuman-sized pitcher of iced red beverage that is the mascot of the popular US\npowdered drink\n\n\n \n\nmix. Rafman\u2019s version strolls through the servers of Second Life in search of\nnothing in particular,\n\n\n \n\nbut discovering all things playful and perverted. Best known for smashing\nthrough walls in TV\n\n\nA Man Digging, 2013, video still\n\n\nThe fleeting nature of internet temporality means that it is connectivity,\nrather than content,\n\n\n \n\nwhich matters. Subcultures burgeon and die away, producing ruins at an\nexponential rate; entire\n\n\n \n\ncommunal lifeworlds razed with a hastily erased search history, leaving only\nsedimentary traces of\n\n\n \n\nmacros and memes buried deep within the layers of a collective, vernacular\nmemory \u2013 all but\n\n\nthere \u2018since the good old days\u2019). After all, 4chan\u2019s notoriety peaked in the\nlate 2000s, its resident\n\n\n \n\nforgotten with the last of the \u2018oldfags\u2019 (to borrow 4chan\u2019s term for veteran\nusers who have been\n\n\n\u2018betamales\u2019 having probably migrated over to Reddit, the popular news and\nmessaging board\n\n\n \n\nbetter known to the wider world as the internet\u2019s strident misogyny machine.\nAnd, inevitably, as\n\n\n \n\ninternet culture grew more public, it became more homogenous, more censorious,\nmore \u2018safe for\n\n\n \n\nwork\u2019. Back at Zabludowicz, I find myself wondering how many of Rafman\u2019s fans\nshare his affinity\n\n\n \n\nwith the loners he appropriates, and how many are here for the brief ironic\nthrill of the weird-porn\n\n\n \n\naesthetic brought into the white cube. (\u2018Furries are so WEIRD! Japanese porn\nis so CREEPY!\u2019\n\n\n \n\nmocked one 4chan user.) These marginalized desires, reified across virtual\nworlds \u2013 the mindless,\n\n\n \n\nplayful anarchy of the internet troll; the joy of \u2018crushing\u2019 \u2013 they were there\nall along: pale, white\n\n\n \n\nand angry, their desperate irony streaked with hard-earned sincerity. Social\nmores aside, Rafman\u2019s\n\n\n \n\nanthropological digs evoke a desirous digital underworld where one can pierce\nthe stultifying\n\n\n \n\nennui of asocial reality with ecstatic jouissance; where endemic cultural\npessimism is matched by\n\n\n \n\na sweet, terrifying vitality.\n\n\nThere is a sense that Rafman is constantly between places, cultures,\ngenerations: the indignant\n\n\nfondly about the golden days of legendary troll-lair Encyclopedia Dramatica\n(2004\u201311) and, at 34,\n\n\n \n\na \u2018digital native\u2019, but grew up through the highs and lows of web 2.0\nutopianism. He reminisces\n\n\n \n\ngeekery of net culture and the saccharine swank of the vernissage. He\u2019s a\ngeneration too old to be\n\n\ndecades, an obsessive witness to the death of so many languages, cultures and\nformats \u2013 from\n\n\n \n\nthis, Rafman is an ideally positioned observer of the transition to digitality\nover the last few\n\n\n \n\ntells me he\u2019s \u2018on the verge\u2019 of having to leech off a younger generation to\nremain relevant. Given all\n\n\nthe dead technologies that produced them.\n\n\n \n\nvideo-game arcades (actual places!) to VR headsets \u2013 a catalogue of archaic\nsocial practices and\n\n\nreplicants, \u2018ang3l\u2019 and \u2018spider_\u2019: \u2018You have to learn how to look. How to open\nyourself to the data\n\n\n \n\nA slew of recent work turns from the grimy software of online desire to the\naffective hardware of\n\n\nperhaps; for lost futures past; for a vintage tomb we just can\u2019t stop raiding.\nThe entire video,\n\n\n \n\nthe gooey techno-pagan climax. Nostalgia for what is harder to pin down: for\nantiquated tech,\n\n\ndigitally produced, was re-recorded to vhs and is displayed on a massive Sony\nTrinitron: the\n\n\n \n\ncirca Blade Runner (1982). Across the screen, a chatroom conversation plays\nout between two lost\n\n\n\u2026\u2019 An ironic varnish of oily nostalgia drips from the work \u2013 from the sexy\ncyber-noir heroine to\n\n\n \n\nsomewhere between the warm softcore haze of Just Jaeckin\u2019s Emmanuelle (1974)\nand the\n\n\n \n\ndystopian visions of Chris Marker\u2019s La Jet\u00e9e (1962), cut like a tourist-board\nmontage for an LA\n\n\n \n\ndead media and dirty matter. The atmospheric textures in his film Neon\nParallel 1996 (2015) sit\n\n\n \n\nStill Life (Betamale) (with Oneohtrix Point Never), 2015, video still\n\n\npromise of blue-lit hover-cars on cruise control turned out to be our present\nzombie neoliberalism\n\n\n \n\nDynamics \u2013 juxtaposed with shots of a glistening neon metropolis. Funny to\nthink that the\n\n\nand a weaponized robot dog. Neon Parallel 1996 is its own fetish film of\nsorts. Rafman introduced\n\n\n \n\nthrough Rafman\u2019s work come invariably tinged with disappointment. The film\nfeatures viral clips\n\n\n \n\nof \u2018BigDog\u2019 \u2013 an intelligent canine robot designed by Google\u2019s military r&d;\ncompany, Boston\n\n\nreplete with a smooth tenor-synth demo. \u2018ang3l\u2019 cryptically types: \u2018I came to\nretrace my steps.\u2019\n\n\n \n\nobsolete A/V display turned primordial Kubrickian monolith. The strains of\nromanticism that run\n\n\nit as \u2018A Lost Vaporwave Classic\u2019, \u2018a rescue of the present\u2019, an endless\narchaeology of the recent past,\n\n\nFilmic fragments evoke cycles of libidinal investment turning in on\nthemselves, flows of personal\n\n\n \n\nand historical desire, utopian fantasies short-circuited by the inescapable\npresent of capital. Even\n\n\nhaunt us from the archives.\n\n\n \n\nas we untether from our bodies and upload ourselves into the cloud, spectral\ndreams of futurity\n\n\nDesire, like data, circulates in and out of the machine; through glancing\nflirtations, leaking radio\n\n\n \n\nsignals, hormonal changes, financial flows. Erysichthon (2015), named after\nthe Greek king cursed\n\n\n \n\nwith insatiable hunger, is an intense mood poem on circulation. Against a\nkinetic electronic\n\n\nMainsqueeze manifest themselves again in the perpetual motion machine of\nErysichthon. Rafman\n\n\n \n\nvirtualized desire towards something more systemic in nature. The fetish\ndynamics of\n\n\n \n\nwith Still Life (Betamale) and there\u2019s a sense that his interests are shifting\nfrom the fringes of\n\n\na gleaming cgi data centre, to the workhouses that power the matrix. In Sticky\nDrama (2015), a\n\n\n \n\nover gravely intoning something about dead ends. Rafman says it completes the\ntrilogy that began\n\n\nintimates the closed, artificial nature of networked worlds whilst pointing,\nvia fluid shots of\n\n\n \n\nsoundtrack, shots involving drone footage and an autophagic snake are\naccompanied by a voice-\n\n\nLive Action Role Play (LARP) short film that Rafman made in London this summer\n\u2013 again\n\n\n \n\ncollaborating with Lopatin, who provides the soundtrack \u2013 the usual virtual\nconstructions are\n\n\ncosmetics and green gunk flung in abundance.\n\n\n \n\nreversed: real kids playing 4chan-inspired characters enact an ad-hoc gang\nwar, with latex\n\n\nthat figures as a shorthand for the gelatinous excess of virtual materiality.\nTreacly instantiations\n\n\n \n\nYou Are Standing in an Open Field (Gale) 2015, archive pigment\n\n\nAn ectoplasm-like substance recurs throughout Rafman\u2019s recent works, the\ncharacteristic 3d gloop\n\n\nmedium communicating between material and immaterial worlds \u2013 the entropic\nwaste of\n\n\n \n\n\u2018ectoplasm\u2019 was coined to denote lumpy reifications of paranormal energy,\nexuding from the\n\n\n \n\nreflected in his ever-mutable practice: he says he\u2019s now working on a\nscreenplay. The word\n\n\ntransmission, splurging out at the seams. At the London show, its viscid forms\nare rendered in\n\n\n \n\nprint, polystyrene, resin, 1.5 x 2.3 m\n\n\nof an essentially fluid morphology, not unlike Rafman himself, whose\nattention-deficit world is\n\n\nmarble outdoor sculptures flanking the entrance, splattered across the set of\nSticky Drama, and the\n\n\n \n\nconstitutive stuff of the CG-inspired busts that line Sculpture Garden (Hedge\nMaze) (2015),\n\n\n \n\nleading up to Rafman\u2019s minotaur, a glutinous gold-leafed biomorph. Sculpture\nGarden comprises\n\n\n \n\nan artificial labyrinth filling an entire room at Zabludowicz, with a much-\nlauded Oculus Rift\n\n\nsublimely illusive territory. New digital depths for the voyeur to plumb, no\ndoubt. In Rafman\u2019s\n\n\n \n\nvirtual reality experience at its centre: it\u2019s a seductive, if somewhat\ndecorative, glimpse into\n\n\nwords: \u2018If you have a shitty life, a shitty job, no lover, why not live in the\nvirtual world?\u2019\n\n\n1 h\n\n\nJon Rafman is an artist based in Montreal, Canada. He has recently had solo\nexhibitions at Zabludowicz Collection,\n\n\n \n\nLondon, UK; Mus\u00e9e d\u2019art contemporain de Montreal, Canada; Contemporary Art\nMuseum, St. Louis, USA; Palais de\n\n\n \n\nTokyo, Paris, France; and Saatchi Gallery, London. His work is on show at the\n13th Biennale de Lyon, France, until\n\n\n \n\nc\n\n\n3 January, and in 2015 was included in the 6th Moscow Biennial, Russia;\n\u2018Digital Conditions\u2019 at Kunstverein\n\n\n \n\nh t t\n\n\nFor Precious Okoyomon, Everything is a Annie Ernaux: \u2018The Young Man of Venice\u2019\nAlvaro Barrington\u2019s Next Move An Alternative Art History of the 1990s\n\n\nPRESS LEGALS INSTAGRAM\n\n\n \n\nABOUT MEMBERSHIP FAQS FACEBOOK Sign up for email updates on the latest frieze\ntalks, fairs and events.\n\n\n \n\nTHE COMPANY HELP FOLLOW US\n\n\nPARTNERS PRIVACY POLICY TWITTER\n\n\n \n\nm\n\n\n \n\nm\n\n\n \n\nr\n\n\n \n\nt p : : / / j j o n\n\n\n \n\n/\n\n\n \n\nh\n\n\n \n\na\n\n\n \n\no\n\n\n \n\nf\n\n\n \n\n/\n\n\n \n\na\n\n\n \n\nn\n\n\nHannover, Germany; \u2018The Future of Memory\u2019, Kunsthalle Wien, Austria; and\n\u2018Private Settings: Art After The\n\n\nFebruary.\n\n\n \n\nInternet\u2019, MOMA Warsaw, Poland. His solo exhibition at Westf\u00e4lischer\nKunstverein, Munster, Germany, opens in\n\n\n \n\nt\n\n\n \n\np\n\n\nTAGS\n\n\n \n\n4\n\n\n \n\no\n\n\nMonograph , Jon Rafman , Gary Zhexi Zhang , Technology , Internet ,\nZabludowicz Collection , Seventeen , Zac Feuer/Mesler ,\n\n\nSHARE THIS\n\n\n \n\n/\n\n\n \n\np\n\n\n \n\nn\n\n\nFuture Gallery\n\n\n \n\nn r a f m a n . . c o m / 4 c h a n . . p d f f\n\n\nG\n\n\n \n\nd\n\n\n \n\na\n\n\n \n\nc\n\n\nGARY ZHEXI ZHANG\n\n\n \n\nGary Zhexi Zhang is an artist and writer based in New York, USA.\n\n\nFrieze Frieze Frieze Frieze\n\n\n \n\n# MORE LIKE THIS\n\n\nSUBSCRIBE TO OUR NEWSLETTER\n\n\n \n\n# Nonstop Poem\n\n\nEnter your email here\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1497720, "type": "text", "content": "For example, millennials (25-35 year olds) are an ideal \naudience for educational narratives. They engage well with \nall types of informative media like explainer videos, \npodcasts, infographics, fact memes, and so on. This group \nconstitutes the majority of GTTO followers and sharers. On \nthe other hand, it has been more difficult to engage with \nyounger audiences, 16-25 year olds in particular, due to a \nvariety of factors. First, the choice of platform is key. Today, \nyoungsters are more active on Instagram and TikTok than on \nFacebook and Twitter, where we communicate with video \nclips and cartoons. But the choice of content creators \nmatters. Within GTTO, content is designed by millennials. \nThis is something that we have become mindful of, and \nuptake will likely increase if we work directly with younger \ncontent creators.\n\n\nExcerpts from the Fantastic Trolls \nand How to Fight Them guide. (below)\n\n\n \n\nOne engagement technique used within the GTTO project \nis empowering young people to be producers instead of \nconsumers. Two years ago, coinciding with the season finale \nof Game of Thrones, we launched a campaign called Game \nOf Trolls,5 to help young people tackle online hate in an \ninstructive, actionable way. Deciding to fight fire with \nfire, we recruited trolls to join our ranks and train them \nin \u2018positive trolling\u2019 through a series of hands-on tips on \nFacebook and Instagram. Then, our so-called Army of Good \nTrolls respond to calls for help submitted via the hashtag \n#TrollWithLove.6 The campaign reached close to 1 million \npeople on Facebook with the help of Facebook Ad Credits, \nwhich were critical to the success of the campaign. \nThis shows how synergy between CSOs and social \nmedia platforms can result in powerful, broadly visible \ncounternarratives. However, it also highlights one of the \nchallenges faced by CSOs in mitigating online hate: without \nthe support of the platform we could not have afforded the \ncampaign. Creating effective counternarratives is not only \nabout good ideas and demographics, but also about \n(financial) resources and tools to put them into practice.\n\n\n \n\nThere are many other reasons why counternarratives might \nsucceed or fail. In GTTO, we constantly review and adapt our \nstrategy, not only because we want to improve as first-line \npractitioners, but also because the effectiveness of \ntechniques changes over time. As target audiences widen \nand expand their interests, so too must the content that \nthey want to engage with and how. In the overview (right) \nare some practice-based insights that we have learned \nthroughout this process:\n\n\n1 2 5 \| T E X T G A I N A N D M E D I A D I V E R S I T Y I N S T I T U T E\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1533947, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='0' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>term Web 2.0 to describe a trend in the use of Web<br>technology that aimed to create communities for<br>information sharing and collaboration.4 In 2006,<br>Jenkins gave the name \u201cparticipatory culture\u201d<br>to these communities.5 Here we have people<br>taking part, working together creatively, sharing<br>and contributing freely, supporting each other,<br>feeling a sense of belonging, and believing in the<br>importance of their contributions, to the extent<br>that they would want some say in the way these<br>are used. New technology then supported their<br>creativity, as in YouTube; made possible new levels<br>of collaboration, with Wikipedia a prime example;<br>and drove attitudinal change \u2013 hence the \u201cAge of<br>Participation\u201d.</p>\n<p id='1' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Yet what extended this participatory revolution<br>beyond technology-lovers to affect all of our lives<br>was not the technology itself, but the evolution of<br>early examples of collaborative software into what<br>became known as \u201csocial media\u201d, described as:</p>\n<p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>...the tools and platforms people use to publish,<br>converse and share content online. The tools include<br>blogs, wikis, podcasts, and sites to share photos and<br>bookmarks. An important component of social media<br>is the idea of social networking\u20266</p>\n<p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>In practice, technology and media must be viewed<br>together. Thus, the absolutely world-changing<br>event came with the evolution of small hand-<br>held computers with multi-media facilities into<br>powerful smartphones \u2013 with the sale of the<br>first iPhones in 2007, the Android operating<br>system following in 2008 and the iPad in 2010.7<br>These allowed people on the move \u201cto connect,<br>communicate globally, and customise their<br>experiences to their own preferences and needs,<br>[ensuring] public expectations of participation<br>have taken root in every fertile inch of our<br>human culture8 \u2013 you could connect to your<br>social networks anywhere, anytime, in a media<br>environment unlike anything ever experienced<br>before. This combination of smartphone and<br>social media is now a worldwide phenomenon,<br>ubiquitous in our daily lives \u2013 \u201cshaping the ways<br>we think, work, play, experience, communicate<br>and consume\u201d.9 It has had a profound impact<br>on many aspects of society, including directly<br>on cultural institutions such as museums, and<br>on their audiences. The impact on museums is<br>extensive, including:</p>\n<br><p id='4' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Museums\u2019 reach, and audience, are now<br>global. There is, therefore, potential for<br>museums to achieve a huge increase in access<br>to their collections. But this brings with it<br>an expectation both of immediate access to<br>comprehensive and deliverable information,<br>and of interpretation relating to those<br>collections.<br>\u2022 The internet is not only a means of access to<br>content; it also acts as a forum for creative<br>collaboration.<br>\u2022 The digital revolution brings with it enormous<br>new learning opportunities \u2013 building and<br>practicing new skill-sets and democratising<br>creativity.<br>\u2022 Museum users are demanding a much more<br>participative experience \u2013 to immerse<br>themselves in the \u201cmuseum experience\u201d,<br>to explore together, to engage actively with<br>content, to personalise their experiences, to<br>take part, to encounter different perspectives,<br>to decide for themselves.<br>\u2022 Extending the participative approach, younger<br>audiences expect to use collections, not just<br>access images and information on them \u2013 and<br>the way that they act is ensuring that the<br>borders between the physical and virtual are<br>gradually disappearing.</p>\n<p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>In response, museums need to match the<br>innovation seen in technological and software<br>development with an equally innovative approach<br>to the user experience, including by<br>developing new models of engagement.</p>\n<p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>What we are already achieving: the immersive<br>museum environment</p>\n<br><p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The core societal change in recent decades has<br>been the ongoing rise of the well-educated,<br>well-paid professional classes, reflecting the<br>overwhelming change in the job market in the<br>developed world from industry and manual labour<br>towards services. Their growing affluence and<br>consumerism are the driving forces in developed<br>society, and are underpinned by rising leisure<br>time, expanding educational opportunities, the<br>merger of high with popular culture, the spread of<br>the use of television and then the internet, and the<br>democratisation of travel.</p>\n<p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Museums know these professional classes<br>well \u2013 they are the baby boomers who, with</p>\n<footer id='9' style='font-size:18px'>11</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3008011, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>If there ever was an artist interested in finding his own pathways through the established canon<br>of artistic and scientific history it would be Paul Laffoley (born Cambridge, MA, 1940; lives and<br>works in Boston). Laffoley\u2019s paintings, executed with great precision, visualize complex<br>networks of information such that they function like infographics totalizing cosmic and earth-<br>bound worlds. Nature\u2019s encoding in computer-based systems finds its apogee in the highly<br>processed 3-D renderings of Brenna Murphy (born Edmonds, Washington 1986; lives and<br>works in Portland, Oregon). Her work evokes a futuristic prosthetic consciousness that bears<br>some resemblance in its subject matter to ThinkStrong (2013) by Josh Kline (born Philadelphia,<br>1979; lives and works in New York), a commentary on emergent trends that embrace and<br>promote synthetic life. Speculation about the encoding of sexual and gender identity in an<br>increasingly synthetic world is at the heart of Margaret Lee\u2019s (born Bronx, NY 1980; lives and<br>works in New York) sculptural studies of the readymade and its replicas.</p>\n<p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>O n the other hand, Michael Portnoy (born Washington D.C. 1971; lives and works in New<br>York) is interested in encryption, or how digital information from one image (in his case, the<br>vegetable of the future) can be concealed into that of another image (kale). Two decades from<br>now, the decryption key to Portnoy\u2019s humorous Kalochromes (2014) will be provided and the<br>vegetable of 2034 will be unveiled. Revelation is the subject of Roman \u0160t\u011btina\u2019s (born Kada\u0148<br>1986; lives and works in Prague) replica of a Brussels-style curtain used by Czech Radio<br>between the years 1965-1980 to listen to and approve of stereo radio programs and equipment.<br>Gabriel Sierra\u2019s (born San Juan Nepomuceno, Colombia, 1975; lives and works in Bogota)<br>sculpture operates as a cipher, the size and placement of his materials subtly suggest other<br>positions, placements, and relationships evoked in the installation of artworks that comprise the<br>exhibition itself.</p>\n<p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>T ina Kukielski is an independent curator and writer based in New York. Her recent projects<br>include co-curating the acclaimed international exhibition the 2013 Carnegie International;<br>Antoine Catala: Distant Feel (both at the Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh); Ugo Mulas: A<br>Sensitive Surface (Lia Rumma, Milan and Naples); and editor of the recent collaborative<br>monograph of Ramin Haerizadeh, Rokni Haerizadeh and Hesam Rahmanian (Kunsthalle<br>Z\u00fcrich/Mousse). Kukielski held a curatorial position at the Whitney Museum of American Art<br>from 2002-2010 where she organized solo museum exhibitions with artists Sadie Benning, Corin<br>Hewitt, Omer Fast, Taryn Simon, and Sara VanDerBeek and wrote about the work of Gordon<br>Matta-Clark and William Eggleston among others. Kukielski is also a contributor to Artforum,<br>Mousse Contemporary Art Magazine and The Exhibitionist.</p>\n<p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>F or press inquiries, please contact Cassandra Robinson at crobinson@jamescohan.com or at<br>212-714-9500.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1533868, "type": "text", "content": "openaccess.city.ac.uk/17280/1/Ntalla%2C%20Irida- \nRedacted.pdf. p. 2.\n\n\n10\\. Richards, Greg, ed. 2001. Cultural Attractions in \nEuropean Tourism. Wallingford: CABI Publishing. \n11\\. See for example Poon, Auliana. 1993. Tourism, \nTechnology and Competitive Strategies. Wallingford: CAB \nInternational; Sharpley, Richard. 1996. \u2018Tourism and \nConsumer Culture in Post-Modern Society\u2019. In Proceedings \nof the Tourism and Culture: Towards the 21st Century \nConference, edited by Mike Robinson, Nigel Evans, and Paul \nCallaghan, 203\u2013215. Sunderland: Centre for Travel and \nTourism/Business Education Publishers.\n\n\n12\\. Pine, B. Joseph, and James H. Gilmore. 1999. The \nExperience Economy. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business \nSchool Press. p. 35.\n\n\n13\\. Culture24. 2018. \u2018A Culture of Lates\u2019. https://www. \nkeepandshare.com/doc/8215333/a-culture-of-lates-lo- \nres-culture24-pdf-2-0-meg?da=y.\n\n\n14\\. Thrive. 2019. \u2018Building New Audiences for Museums \nwith the Late Shift\u2019. Belfast. https://wewillthrive.co.uk/ \nresources/case-studies/building-new-audiences-for- \nmuseums-with-the-late-shift.\n\n\n15\\. Borun, Minda, J. Dritsas, J.I. Johnson, N.E. Peter, \nK.F. Wagner, K. Fadigan, A. Jangaard, E. Stroup, and A. \nWenger. 1998. Family Learning in Museums: The PISEC \nPerspective. Philadelphia: The Franklin Institute; Miles, \nRoger S. 1986. \u2018Museum Audiences\u2019. International Journal \nof Museum Management and Curatorship, no. 5: 73\u201380; \nBlud, L.M. 1990. \u2018Social Interaction and Learning among \nFamily Groups Visiting a Museum\u2019. Museum Management \nand Curatorship 9 (1): 43\u201351; Rosenfeld, Sherman, and \nAmelia Terkel. 1982. \u2018A Naturalistic Study of Visitors at an \nInteractive Mini-Zoo\u2019. Curator 25: 187\u2013212; Black, Graham. \n2016\\. \u2018Remember the 70% Sustaining \u201ccore\u201d Museum \nAudiences\u2019. Museum Management and Curatorship 31 (4): \n386\u2013401.\n\n\n16\\. Falk, John H., and Lynn D. Dierking. 2000. Learning \nfrom Museums: Visitor Experiences and the Making of Meaning. \nWashington: Whalesback; Packer, Jan, and Roy Ballantyne. \n2005\\. \u2018Solitary vs Shared Learning: Exploring the Social \nDimension of Museum Learning\u2019. Curator 48 (2): 177\u201392.\n\n\n17\\. Denver Art Museum. \u2018Kids & Their Grownups: New \nInsights on Developing Dynamic Museum Experiences for \nthe Whole Family\u2019. 2017. https://denverartmuseum.org/ \nabout/research-reports. p. 3.\n\n\n18\\. Vergeront, Jeanne. 2013. \u2018Creativity and Museums\u2019. \nMuseum Notes (blog). 13 March 2013. https://museumnotes. \nblogspot.co.uk/2013/03/creativity-and-museums.html.\n\n\n19\\. Santoro, Nadine. 2017. \u2018Queer British Art at the Tate\u2019. \nThe Observer, 28 June 2017. https://fordhamobserver. \ncom/32348/london/queer-british-art-at-the-tate/.\n\n\n \n\n20\\. Geffrye Museum. n.d. \u2018Working and Engaging with \nYoung People: A Tool-Kit\u2019. London: https://geffrye- \nmuseum.org.uk/Download.ashx?id=25293. Accessed 5 \nAugust 2019.\n\n\n21\\. Katrikh, Mark. 2018. \u2018Creating Safe Spaces for Visitors \nand Staff in Museum Programs\u2019. Journal of Museum \nEducation 43 (1): 7\u201315. p. 8.\n\n\n22\\. MacBride, quoted in National Museums Northern \nIreland. 2018. \u2018Ulster Museum Opens New Troubles \nGallery\u2019. 2018. https://www.nmni.com/news/ulster- \nmuseum-opens-new-troubles-gallery. Accessed 22 \nNovember 2019.\n\n\n23\\. \u2018Ugly Renaissance Babies: The Kids Aren\u2019t Alright\u2019. n.d. \nAccessed 1 September 2019. https://uglyrenaissancebabies. \ntumblr.com.\n\n\n24\\. National Museums Northern Ireland. 2018. \u2018Ulster \nMuseum Opens New Troubles Gallery\u2019. https://www.nmni. \ncom/news/ulster-museum-opens-new-troubles-gallery. \nAccessed 5 August 2019.\n\n\n25\\. Collins, Jim, and Jerry I. Porras. 2011. Built to Last: \nSuccessful Habits of Visionary Companies. New York: \nHarperBusiness.\n\n\n26\\. Jefferson, 2019:20.\n\n\n16\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2886185, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Disman\u2019s piece will explore the complicated relationship the artist has with passing as<br>both heterosexual and as white, and how this affects how she navigates the world in<br>relation to her personal identity as a queer non-white woman, versus her perceived<br>identity. The performance will consist of a meditation on the feeling one gets directly<br>before falling, or during the fall itself: not quite in one state or the other, but occupying<br>the spaces in between. Disman\u2019s work plays with the tension of these dualities; of feeling<br>stuck while simultaneously in transition between categories, always in flux but never<br>residing. Both preceding and following the performance a single cube of ice will melt on<br>a plinth each day for the duration of the exhibition. The ice is intended to stand in for a<br>precarious body in Disman\u2019s absence. It takes on multiple states as it melts, moving from<br>solid, to liquid and then eventually, evaporating into the air. In this way the flux that<br>Disman attempts to perform with her physical body is mirrored by the ice as it melts.2</p>\n<p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>D isman\u2019s performance explores the complex facet of queer identity in relation to<br>visibility versus invisibility, and what it means for one\u2019s ability to pass as straight<br>(normal), and whether passing is even desired. Queer theorist Sarah Schulman<br>describes the act of \u2018coming out\u2019 as \"a process of self-interrogation in opposition to<br>social expectation that has no parallel in heterosexual life\u201d.3 Michael Warner refers<br>to the process as \u201citself a political strategy,\u201d adding that \u201cqueer people are a kind<br>of social group fundamentally unlike others, a status group only insofar as they are<br>not a class\u201d.4</p>\n<p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>I nspired by the ever-expanding world of virtual social environments, Bronwen Deurbrouck<br>and Quinn Robertson\u2019s interactive avatar modification installation is a queer response to<br>the history of normative character creation in digital media. The installation consists of<br>several monitors arranged in a \u201cU\u201d formation, displaying character/avatar modification<br>processes from a number of different virtual games. In the centre of the semi circle<br>stands a computer monitor and mouse connected to software developed by the artists<br>that allows the user to explore genderqueer and non-binary identity creation through<br>customizable avatars. The work opens up a broadened range of possibilities in the<br>creation of post-gender, post-human bodies while providing a refreshing take on non-<br>normative bodies within gaming culture; virtual spaces in which binary choices pervade.</p>\n<p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>P eter Rahul\u2019s video installation Modem Mantra ponders the spiritual connection between<br>the physical and digital self. The digitally produced video plays on an antique CRTC<br>monitor highlighting the connection between past and present. The work displays a<br>meditating figure, made up of vividly coloured pixels, floating within the frame,<br>abstracting completely then reappearing. Although silent, the pace of the video is set to<br>an Internet dial up tone, bringing to mind the meditative and nostalgic mantra of a<br>generational misfit; the 90s child who neither identifies as online or offline.</p>\n<p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>B y queering the binary divisions of constructed normative identities, these works begin to<br>dismantle the hierarchical power structures that enforce them. Here, normal assumes a</p>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0</p>\n<br><p id='15' data-category='footnote' style='font-size:14px'>2 The sculptural component of this work is a collaborative piece between Disman and Dani\u00e8le Bourque under the name<br>DnA.<br>3 Schulman, Sarah. Ties Tthat Bind: Familial Homophobia and Its Consequences. New York: The New York Press, 2009.<br>Print.<br>4 Warner, Michael. \u201cFrom Fear of a Queer Plant.\u201d The material queer: a LesBiGay cultural studies reader. 1st ed. Donald E.<br>Morton. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1996. Print.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1330706, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='59' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1 http://www.pewinternet.org/Presentations/2010/Apr/U<br>588163 niversity-of-Minnesota.aspx<br>McKarrow, R. E. (1993). Critical rhetoric and the possibility Rheingold, H. (2009). A mini-course on network and social<br>of the subject. In I. H. Angus & L. Langsdorf (Eds.), network literacy. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from<br>The critical turn: Rhetoric and philosophy in post- http://howardrheingold.posterous.com/a-min-course-<br>modern discourse (pp. 51-67). Carbondale, IL: on-network-and-social-network-li<br>Southern Illinois University Press. Ringrose, J., Gill, R., Livingstone, S., & Harvey, L. (2012).<br>McLuhan, M. (1994). Understanding media: The extensions A qualitative study of children, young people and \u2018sex-<br>of man. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ting\u2019 (pp. 1-75). London: National Society for the<br>Mirzoeff, N. (2002). The visual culture reader (2nd ed.). Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC).<br>New York: Routledge. Roberts, D. F., Foehr, U. G., & Rideout, V. (2005).<br>Mitra, A., & Watts, E. (2002). Theorizing cyberspace: The Generation M: Media in the lives of 8-18 year-olds<br>idea of voice applied to the Internet discourse. New (pp. 140). Washington, DC: Kaiser Family<br>Media & Society, 4(4), 479-498. Foundation. Retrieved October 26, 2012 http://www<br>Moscardelli, D. M., & Liston-Heyes, C. (2004). Teens surf- .kff.org/entmedia/upload/Generation-M-Media-in-the-<br>ing the net: How do they learn to protect their privacy? Lives-of-8-18-Year-olds-Report.pdf<br>Journal of Business and Economics Research, 2(9), Russell, A., Ito, M., Richmond, T., & Tuters, M. (2008).<br>43-56. Place: The networking of public space. In K.<br>O\u2019Sullivan, P. B. (2000). Communication technologies in an Varnelis (Ed.), Networked publics. Cambridge, MA:<br>educational environment: Lessons from a historical MIT Press.<br>perspective. In R. A. Cole (Ed.), Issues in Web-based Said, E. W. (1983). The world, the text, and the critic.<br>pedagogy: A critical primer (pp. 49-64). Westport, CT: Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.<br>Greenwood Press. Schrock, A., & boyd, d. (2008). Online threats to youth:<br>Oblinger, D. G., & Oblinger, J. L. (2005). Educating the net Solicitation, harassment, and problematic content (Vol.<br>generation. Washington DC: Educause. 2010). Cambridge, MA: Berkman Center for Internet<br>Ochoa, X., & Duval, E. (2008). Quantitative analysis of and Society at Harvard University. Retrieved October<br>user-generated content on the web. Paper presented at 26, 2012 http://www.zephoria.org/isttf/ISTTF-<br>the First International Workshop on Understanding LitReviewDraft.pdf<br>Web Evolution, Beijing, China. Retrieved October 26, Sefton-Green, J. (2006). Youth, technology, and media cul-<br>2012 from http://journal.webscience.org/34/ tures. In J. Green & A. Luke (Eds.), Review of research<br>Palfrey, J., & Gasser, U. (2008). Born digital: Understand- in education 30, 2006 (Vol. 30, pp. 279-306).<br>ing the first generation of digital natives. New York: Washington: American Educational Research<br>Basic Books. Association.<br>Palfrey, J., Sacco, D. T., & boyd, d. (2008). Enhancing child Selwyn, N. (2003). \u2018Doing it for the kids\u2019: Re-examining<br>safety and online technologies: Research advisory children, computers, and the \u2018information society.\u2019<br>board report for the Internet safety technical task force. Media, Culture & Society, 27, 351-378.<br>[Cambridge, MA: The Berkman Center for Internet Shaw, C., & Chase, M. (1989). The imagined past: History<br>and Society at Harvard University.] Durham, NC: and nostalgia. New York: St. Martin\u2019s Press.<br>Carolina Academic Press. Retrieved October 26, 2012 Spivak, G. C. (1988). Can the subaltern speak? In C. Nelson<br>from http://www.cap-press.com/pdf/1997.pdf & L. Grossberg (Eds.), Marxism and the interpretation<br>Poster, M. (1997). CyberDemocracy: Internet and the public of culture (pp. 271-313). London: Macmillan.<br>sphere. In D. Porter (Ed.), Internet culture (pp. 201- Subrahmanyam, K., & Greenfield, P. (2008). Online com-<br>213). London: Routledge. munication and adolescent relationships. Children and<br>Poyntz, S. R. (2006). Independent media, youth agency, and Electronic Media, 18(1), 119-146.<br>the promise of media education. Canadian Journal of Tapscott, D. (1998). Growing up digital: The rise of the net<br>Education, 29(1), 154-175. generation. New York: McGraw-Hill.<br>Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On Therborn, G. (1980). The ideology of power and power of<br>the Horizon, 9(5), 1-6. ideology. London: Verso.<br>Press, A., & Livingstone, S. (2006). Taking audience Thurman, N. J. (2008). Forums for citizen journalists?<br>research into the age of new media: Old problems and Adoption of user generated content initiatives by<br>new challenges. In M. White & J. Schwoch (Eds.), online news media. New Media & Society, 10(1),<br>Questions of method in cultural studies (pp. 175-220). 139-157.<br>London: Blackwell. Turkle, S. (1995). Life on the screen: Identity in the age of<br>Rainie, L., & Wellman, B. (2010). The rise of networked the Internet. New York: Simon and Schuster.<br>individuals Retrieved August 20, 2010, from</p>\n<br><h1 id='60' style='font-size:18px'>COMMUNICATION RESEARCH TRENDS</h1>\n<br><footer id='61' style='font-size:18px'>VOLUME 31 (2012) NO. 4 \u2014 21</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2886182, "type": "text", "content": "Disman\u2019s piece will explore the complicated relationship the artist has with\npassing as \nboth heterosexual and as white, and how this affects how she navigates the\nworld in \nrelation to her personal identity as a queer non-white woman, versus her\nperceived \nidentity. The performance will consist of a meditation on the feeling one gets\ndirectly \nbefore falling, or during the fall itself: not quite in one state or the\nother, but occupying \nthe spaces in between. Disman\u2019s work plays with the tension of these\ndualities; of feeling \nstuck while simultaneously in transition between categories, always in flux\nbut never \nresiding. Both preceding and following the performance a single cube of ice\nwill melt on \na plinth each day for the duration of the exhibition. The ice is intended to\nstand in for a \nprecarious body in Disman\u2019s absence. It takes on multiple states as it melts,\nmoving from \nsolid, to liquid and then eventually, evaporating into the air. In this way\nthe flux that \nDisman attempts to perform with her physical body is mirrored by the ice as it\nmelts.2\n\n\nD isman\u2019s performance explores the complex facet of queer identity in relation\nto \nvisibility versus invisibility, and what it means for one\u2019s ability to pass as\nstraight \n(normal), and whether passing is even desired. Queer theorist Sarah Schulman \ndescribes the act of \u2018coming out\u2019 as \"a process of self-interrogation in\nopposition to \nsocial expectation that has no parallel in heterosexual life\u201d.3 Michael Warner\nrefers \nto the process as \u201citself a political strategy,\u201d adding that \u201cqueer people are\na kind \nof social group fundamentally unlike others, a status group only insofar as\nthey are \nnot a class\u201d.4\n\n\nI nspired by the ever-expanding world of virtual social environments, Bronwen\nDeurbrouck \nand Quinn Robertson\u2019s interactive avatar modification installation is a queer\nresponse to \nthe history of normative character creation in digital media. The installation\nconsists of \nseveral monitors arranged in a \u201cU\u201d formation, displaying character/avatar\nmodification \nprocesses from a number of different virtual games. In the centre of the semi\ncircle \nstands a computer monitor and mouse connected to software developed by the\nartists \nthat allows the user to explore genderqueer and non-binary identity creation\nthrough \ncustomizable avatars. The work opens up a broadened range of possibilities in\nthe \ncreation of post-gender, post-human bodies while providing a refreshing take\non non- \nnormative bodies within gaming culture; virtual spaces in which binary choices\npervade.\n\n\nP eter Rahul\u2019s video installation Modem Mantra ponders the spiritual\nconnection between \nthe physical and digital self. The digitally produced video plays on an\nantique CRTC \nmonitor highlighting the connection between past and present. The work\ndisplays a \nmeditating figure, made up of vividly coloured pixels, floating within the\nframe, \nabstracting completely then reappearing. Although silent, the pace of the\nvideo is set to \nan Internet dial up tone, bringing to mind the meditative and nostalgic mantra\nof a \ngenerational misfit; the 90s child who neither identifies as online or\noffline.\n\n\nB y queering the binary divisions of constructed normative identities, these\nworks begin to \ndismantle the hierarchical power structures that enforce them. Here, normal\nassumes a\n\n\n \n\n\n \n\n2 The sculptural component of this work is a collaborative piece between\nDisman and Dani\u00e8le Bourque under the name \nDnA. \n3 Schulman, Sarah. Ties Tthat Bind: Familial Homophobia and Its Consequences.\nNew York: The New York Press, 2009. \nPrint. \n4 Warner, Michael. \u201cFrom Fear of a Queer Plant.\u201d The material queer: a\nLesBiGay cultural studies reader. 1st ed. Donald E. \nMorton. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1996. Print.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1844296, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='1' style='font-size:18px' alt=\"22 Jun 2017 INTERVIEW\nStudio Visit: Gordon Cheung\n'Most abstraction wasn\u2019t really talking about the wider\nhistory of art, humanity and civilisations. It was an\ninsular type of dialogue about the medium itself.' Using\nspray and acrylic paint, sand, digital algorithms, and\npages from the Financial Times that he has been\ncollecting for more than twenty years, Gordon\nCheung's multi-layered works add a new dimension to\nour traditional understanding of what painting is, and\ncan be. Words by Gemma Padley\nPhotographs \u00a9 Tim Smyth.\nFollowing the success of his recent exhibition Unknown Knowns at Edel\nAssanti, the London-based artist discusses how and why he makes his\nartworks that explore myriad themes, including the mechanics of power,\ngeopolitics, and the birth of modern capitalism.\nof painting\u201d painting\u201d\nthat your aim is to \u201cexpand the language of\naim\n\u201cexpand\nthe\nlanguage\nYou\u2019ve said that\nsaid\nyour\nYou\u2019ve\nto\nis\nway to \u201csimulate\u201d painting. What do do\nto\nas a way\na\ncollage as\nuse collage\nWhat\nand that you use\n\u201csimulate\u201d\npainting.\nyou\nthat\nand\nyou mean by this? this?\nby\nmean\nyou\nWhen I was at art school in the mid-nineties, it was during the digital\ncommunications revolution. The internet was becoming available\u2013\ncyberspace, digital frontiers, information superhighways and so on. For me,\nthis was a really fascinating moment that I wanted to capture through my\nwork, through this fairly archaic form of art: painting. Most abstraction\nwasn\u2019t really talking about the wider history of art, humanity and\ncivilisations. It was an insular type of dialogue about the medium itself. I\nwanted to sidestep that by removing paint and then substituting that with\nwhat I was compelled to react to, which was the stu\ufb00 of the everyday,\nmaps and the stock listings of the Financial Times\u2013information. So I\nfunnelled this into the language I was creating. It was this idea of\nquestioning what sort of landscape we now dominantly exist in. The\nlandscape I felt I existed in was the concrete jungle and this information\nlandscape on a global scale.\nwork with materials in those early years? years?\nHow did you work\nyou\nmaterials\nthose\nHow\nin\nwith\ndid\nearly\nBy shredding newspaper I created materials from the everyday\u2013what I felt\nwas the \u201cpigment\u201d of information. I would collage maps and newsprints\ntogether to create works in their own right, and go to the photocopying\nmachine, and while scanning a work, move it, which created smears. From\nthose smears that looked like paint marks, I\u2019d cut them out and collage\nthem together to form virtual paintings. It was a kind of ground-zeroing of\nthe way I thought about painting. From there I began to look at the\nstructure of what it means to paint\u2013that meant questioning brush strokes,\n\ufb02atness, formal concerns that were parallel to the dominant intellectual\ndiscourse at the time, which was framed around the death of painting. I\nwas trying to resolve that in my mind.\nstill work with pages from the Financial Times . How? How?\nAnd you still\nFinancial\npages\nthe\nfrom\nAnd\nTimes.\nyou\nwith\nwork\nThe works are initially constructed on a computer. I\u2019ll create spaces in the\ncomposition where I don\u2019t know how they\u2019re going to play out. Sheets of\nstock listings in the Financial Times are coated with a special varnish that\nallows me to print onto them. The image on a computer is gridded up and\neach of those grids is printed and then jigsawed back onto the canvas. And\nthen, because it\u2019s an imperfect process, there are usually some scratch\nmarks that need to be reprinted. So you end up with patchworks of the\nimage, but I like the patchwork because it\u2019s like pixels. The work is marked\nout and areas I\u2019ve left open are spray painted or painted in. You\u2019re\ngrappling with the pictorial tensions of the work and \ufb01ghting a little bit\nagainst the composition you set out for yourself in order to create more\nvisual interest, certain visual weights, lightness or heaviness. You\u2019re\npushing and pulling at the language to try and get it into an interesting\nform.\nof the glitch which involves, in in\nYou also play around with this idea of\nplay\nglitch\nwhich\nthis\nYou\nthe\nwith\ninvolves,\naround\nidea\nalso\nan open source algorithm. How How\nsource\nessence, re-organising pixels using an\npixels\nopen\nessence,\nusing\nalgorithm.\nre-organising\ninform your work? work?\ndoes this inform\nyour\ndoes\nthis\nThe glitch is a mistake or what we think of as a mistake in the technology\nwe use. How it visually manifests itself is as a distortion of the image. My\nfascination with it is, in that moment of the glitch, it reveals the\ntechnological or mechanical reproduction, the breakdown of the illusion of\nthe image, and the focus on the screen. So what you have is this multi-\ndimensional experience.\na previous interview you talked about how your work \u201cmoves in in\nIn a\nwork\ntalked\nyou\nprevious\nIn\n\u201cmoves\ninterview\nyour\nhow\nabout\nthe illusion of the image\u201d. How does does\nversus the\nthe\nof physicality versus\nout of\nphysicality\nHow\nillusion\nand out\nand\nimage\u201d.\nof\ntension between the physical and virtual play out through your your\nvirtual\nthrough\nphysical\nbetween\nout\nthe\nthe tension\nplay\nand\nthe\nwork? work?\nThere\u2019s a lot of physicality in my work with the surfaces\u2013the sandy textures\nand how they\u2019re spray painted in such a manner that they almost\ndematerialise into these moonscape forms. Or the way certain paint marks\nare made by building up stratas of newspaper and paint, and then slicing\nthrough that to create slithers of paint and newspaper that can be used to\nconstruct palm leaves. So there is this constant relationship between an\nillusion of something and the way it\u2019s been made. From a distance a\npainting will look like a conventional painting, so you have the illusion, but\nas you get up close to it, it starts to break down into its material\ncomponents and you\u2019re literally deconstructing it, asking questions about\nhow it is made, trying to perceive how that surface has been constructed.\nYou\u2019re also hopefully being encouraged to deconstruct the interwoven\nnarratives.\nin your work are complex and wide-ranging\u2013from the the\nare\nThe themes in\nwide-ranging\u2013from\ncomplex\nthemes\nand\nyour\nThe\nwork\nof power and geopolitics to technological technological\npower\nmechanics of\nand\nto\nmechanics\ngeopolitics\n\u201cshifting empires and civilisations\u201d, the the\ncommunication systems, \u201cshifting\ncommunication\nand\nempires\ncivilisations\u201d,\nsystems,\nthe birth of modern capitalism. What do you you\n\u201ctechno-sublime\u201d, and the\nand\n\u201ctechno-sublime\u201d,\ncapitalism.\nbirth\ndo\nof\nWhat\nmodern\nthrough your work? work?\nto convey through\nwant to\nconvey\nyour\nwant\nThe \ufb01nancial crisis of 2008 was the catalyst for me to look at the\ndevelopment of capitalism and civilizations. I was trying to comprehend\nhow something like that\u2013the \ufb01nancial crisis\u2013can happen on a global scale.\nIt led me to research subprime mortgages and the complex \ufb01nancial\ninstruments that were being used to produce concentrated wealth. And\nthen, of course, the corruption in that system as well and the way our\ngovernments have allowed those people to get away with essentially global\nfraud. I also looked at the history of \ufb01nancial bubbles, and that led me to\nthe \ufb01rst recorded bubble\u2013over the sale and trade of tulips during the Dutch\nGolden Age. That led me to look at the evolution of capitalism all the way\nthrough to Communist China. A lot of the exhibition at Edel Assanti was\ncentred on the South China Sea and the arti\ufb01cial islands, China\u2019s new silk\nroad and its Belt and Road initiative [to boost trade and economic growth].\nThe works I\u2019m making now continue that theme\u2013the re-ignition of the silk\nroads.\nResearch seems to play an important part in your work. How is is\nseems\nplay\nin\nimportant\nHow\nan\nto\nResearch\nyour\npart\nwork.\nyour work multi-layered, both in a literal and metaphorical sense? sense?\na\nand\nwork\nliteral\nyour\nboth\nmulti-layered,\nin\nmetaphorical\nWhen you\u2019re doing research, it\u2019s constant. You do it because you\u2019re\ninterested in something. Eventually, the build up of interest becomes so\nstrong that you\u2019re compelled to construct the work, creating a conceptual\narmature from which you can start \ufb02eshing out its visual form. You push\nforward, re\ufb01ning the composition, the pictorial tensions, and the\nconceptual rigour (or not). You\u2019re trying to shape the emotional spaces in\nthe work as well. Art is, for me, going back to that feeling of being\ncompelled to re\ufb02ect something about our human condition in the\ncivilisation that we exist in. Constants in the work are existential questions\nof what it means to live in the way we do. How that manifests is through\nthe threading together of all these interests I have. Ultimately, the works\nare expressions of my perspective, but I hope there are enough multiple\ndimensions within them that anyone can bring their own narratives and\nideas and engage with the inner conversations they might have through\nthe surfaces and symbols I create.\nPhotographs \u00a9 Tim Smyth.\nShare with\nMORE TO READ\nBEST OF\nJoin These Artist-Led Online\nClasses for Less Than a Fiver\nFrom Grayson Perry\u2019s Art Club to feminist life drawing,\nthese artists are sharing their expertise in a time of\nisolation.\nREAD MORE\nCONTEMPORARY CLASSICS\nIs Your Face Still Your Own in\nthe Digital Boom of Social\nDistancing?\nThe Monkey Sel\ufb01e preceded an era of rampant self-\ndocumentation within the digital realm. Will it lead to a\nlongterm loss of control?\nREAD MORE\nSTAY THE FUCK HOME\nSales of Prints and Editions\nO\ufb00er a Lifeline to Artists\nDuring the Crisis\nArtists have come together to raise funds for their\ncommunity amidst the pandemic, with initiatives\nranging from the 2020Solidarity project to the\n#ArtistSupportPledge.\nREAD MORE\nINVESTIGATION\nDigital Disintegration: Why\nArtists Are Rejecting \u201cNew\u201d\nTechnology\nAs artists continue to explore the limits of tech in their\nwork, why have some embraced the glitches of the\nNet Art aesthetic?\nREAD MORE\nKeep in the loop\nEnter email SUBSCRIBE\nGet our weekly newsletter straight to your inbox\nHUNGRY FOR MORE? ALL EDITORIALS\nSTAY THE FUCK HOME INVESTIGATION STAY THE FUCK HOME STAY THE FUCK HOME\nA Nostalgia-Soaked The Website How Will the Animal Crossing Is\nExploration of Designers Bringing Art Coronavirus Crisis Keeping Art\nDesktop Computer Galleries to Life Online A\ufb00ect Emerging Communities Alive in\nDesign Artists and Galleries? Lockdown\nBEST OF INSTAGRAM OF THE MONTH CONTEMPORARY CLASSICS CONTEMPORARY CLASSICS\nGet to Know Artists Bored at Home? These Pipilotti Rist Undercuts Calm Amidst a\nIntimately with These Mind-Bending Photos Modern Femininity Storm: The De\ufb01ant\nNew Monographs Transform the With Dreamlike Impact of an Iconic\nEveryday Rebellion Protest Image\" data-coord=\"top-left:(250,527); bottom-right:(2328,29411)\" /></figure>\n<p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>In this issue we meet \ufb01ve artists who visualize the way</p>\n<br><p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>in which humans interact, and the chasms that exist</p>\n<br><p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Issue 43: A World Apart</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1533969, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='0' style='font-size:16px' alt=\"Active engagement with the exhibition included\ndiscussion of selected works on display and\ncreating artworks inspired by it. Many of the\nparticipants had never visited the Gallery before\nso this was an opportunity to become familiar\nwith the space. Before their visits, together with\nenvironmental artist Ashleigh Downey I called in\nto see the students in their learning and after-\nschool environments. In an activity directly\ninspired by Mark Dion\u2019s artistic practice,2 we\nintroduced the themes and ideas of the exhibition\nand assisted the young people in creating field\nnotebooks which they later used for sketching and\nnote-taking at the Hugh Lane. These pre-visits\nhelped to establish interpersonal connections\nwith museum staff, fostering a sense of familiarity\nthat allowed them to feel welcome when they\nentered the Gallery space. In this way they\nestablished a sense of ownership vis \u00e1 vis the\ninstitution, thus also effectively expanding the\nGallery\u2019s stakeholder base and increasing its social\npermeability.\" data-coord=\"top-left:(147,78); bottom-right:(1155,733)\" /></figure>\n<p id='1' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Fifth year students, from Beneavin de la Salle College in<br>Finglas, sketch The Old Crow by Mark Dion.<br>Credit:\tKimberly\tGriffith</p>\n<p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The jumping-off point for this project, inspired<br>by Dion\u2019s artistic practice, was an exploration of<br>curiosity. Through direct engagement with Our<br>Plundered Planet, participants explored their own<br>natural curiosities, sharing their unique stories<br>and interpretations of the works on display.<br>Their engagement was enabled by our package of<br>kinesthetic learning techniques3, that began with<br>a Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS) tour4 during<br>which they shared their interpretations on key<br>artworks in the exhibition. These participant-<br>driven discussions, rich in ideas and analyses,<br>were recorded for inclusion in a forthcoming<br>podcast inspired by the teens\u2019 insights. Following<br>this, they participated in artist-led workshops,<br>building on the long-held museum tradition of<br>gallery sketching to create artworks inspired by<br>their interpretations. This was an opportunity<br>both to experiment with new mediums and to<br>allow their minds to work through and develop<br>their discussions on the exhibition\u2019s themes.<br>Through these meaningful interactions with a</p>\n<br><p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>working artist, their connections to the Gallery<br>were strengthened.</p>\n<p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Dion\u2019s 2018 exhibition, Theatre of the Natural<br>World, at London\u2019s Whitechapel Gallery, was a<br>critical meditation on the history of the scientific<br>institutions and bodies of literature that have<br>described and so fixed our understandings of the<br>natural world. In his artworks, Dion endeavours<br>to de-institutionalize the ways in which humans<br>have historically generated and shared knowledge,<br>questioning their authority in claiming to be the<br>last word on the way we understand the world and<br>our place in it.5 If recent events are any indication,<br>this democratization of knowledge and power will<br>allow humanity to effect positive change on our<br>environment for future generations. Increasingly,<br>cultural spaces like the Hugh Lane Gallery are<br>realizing the benefits of engaging their youngest<br>stakeholders beyond solely getting them through<br>their doors. Young people are the inheritors of our<br>planet and it is up to our cultural institutions to<br>listen to them, learn from them, and work with<br>them in order to create a sustainable model, both<br>for preserving our past, and ensuring our future.</p>\n<footer id='5' style='font-size:20px'>31</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Given that Jon Rafman's work aligns with both older digital natives and younger audiences, how might his exhibition strategy differ to appeal to these distinct demographic groups?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 63, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 1632385, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='71' style='font-size:14px'>Advances in Printing and Media Technology, Vol. XLIII(III) \u2013 3: Colour, 57\u201364</header>\n<h1 id='72' style='font-size:20px'>4. Conclusions</h1>\n<p id='73' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The results of the print trials show that packaging printers can significantly lower the amount of ink with-<br>out sacrificing visual design aspects. Use of appropriate color profiles enables designers and prepress to<br>work with the best suitable combination of maximum ink limit and black separation. In this specific proof-<br>of-concept, a maximum ink limit of 220 % was sufficient to reproduce the needed color gamut. In the up-<br>coming months more proof-of-concept print runs are planned to check these findings.</p>\n<p id='74' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>References</p>\n<br><p id='75' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>2011-11-14_EuPIA_Guideline_for_Food_Packaging_Inks_-_November_2011__corr_July_2012.<br>Balasubramanian, R. and Eschbach, R., 2001. Reducing Multi-Separation Color Moir\u00e9 by a Variable Undercolor<br>Removal and Gray Component Replacement Strategy. Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, 45(2),<br>pp. 152\u2013160.<br>Graindourze, M., 2014. Low Migration Inkjet Ink Technology for Printing of Food Packaging, RTE Food<br>Packaging Seminar Stuttgart, 24th September 2014.<br>ISO12647-2:2004, Graphic technology: Process control for the production of half-tone colour separations, proof<br>and production prints Part 2: Offset lithographic processes.<br>Ivory, N., 2014. Safe Use of Radiation Cured Inks and Varnishes. RTE Food Packaging Seminar Stuttgart,<br>24th September 2014.<br>Kang, B.-H., Cho, M.-K., Choh H.-K. and Kim C.-Y., 2005. Black Color Replacement using Gamut Extension<br>Method, NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference. 2005 International Conference on Digital Printing Technologies.<br>pp. 384\u2013386.<br>Kisilev P., Sivan Y., Aharon M., Keshet R., Staelin C., Braverman G. and Harush S., 2011. Local Gray Component<br>Replacement Using Image Analysis. 19th Color and Imaging Conference Proceedings, pp. 234\u2013238.<br>Klump, S., 2014. Head of Packaging Quality and Safety Nestl\u00e9, Nestl\u00e9 Food Packaging Safety \u201cManaging Risk\u201d,<br>RTE Food Packaging Seminar Stuttgart, 24th September 2014.<br>PrintIP Research Report (FOGRA, PTS, VIGC, AIDO, CELABOR), 2013.<br>Qiao, Y., Ernst, L., 2013. (RICOH), Printer Ink Limit Optimalization, (ICC-meeting, Frankfurt).<br>Whitehead, C., 2014. Migration of Chemicals from Food Packaging and the Printing Inks used. Proceedings of<br>the 41st International Research Conference of iarigai, 7\u201310 September 2014, Swansea, Wales, UK: Advances in<br>Printing and Media Technology, Vol. XLI(I), Ed. by Nils Enlund and Mladen Lovre_ek, ISBN 978_3_9870704_0_3,<br>ISSN 2409_4201, Darmstadt MMXIV.<br>Wu, T.-L., Wu ,Y.-H. and Huang Y.-C., 2004. A Table-Based Ink-Reducing Approach with Estimating Ink<br>Limitation of Media and Gray Component Replacement for Printing Devices. NIP20: International Conference</p>\n<br><p id='76' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>on Digital Printing Technologies, pp. 483\u2013486.</p>\n<footer id='77' style='font-size:20px'>64</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1632257, "type": "text", "content": "Advances in Printing and Media Technology, Vol. XLIII(III) \u2013 4: Design, 91\u2013100\n\n\nReferences\n\n\n \n\nAdams II, R.M., Sharma, A. and Suffoletto, J.J., 2008. Color Management\nHandbook: A Practical Guide. PIA/GAFT \nPress. \nBVDM, 2003. Altona Test Suite \u2013 Application Kit. Wiesbaden: German Printing\nand Media Industries Federation \n(bvdm), Print & Media Forum AG. \nChung, R., Chun, E., Sigg, F., and Costa, T., 2004. Test Targets 4.0: A\nCollaborative effort exploring the use of \nscientific methods for color imaging and process control, RIT Scholar Works\n2004. Rochester Institute of \nTechnology. \nChung, R., 2005. Color Repeatability of Spot Color Printing. In: TAGA 2005\nProceedings, pp. 42\u201353. \nChung, R., Hsu, F. and Liu, W., 2007. Achieving Color Agreement: Evaluating\nthe Options. In: Proceedings of the \n34th International Research Conference of iarigai, Advances in Printing and\nMedia Technology, September 9\u201312, \n2007\\. Grenoble, France. Darmstadt: iarigai. \nDrew, J. and Meyer, S., 2006. Color Management for Logos \u2013 A comprehensive\nGuide for Graphic Designers. \nRotoVision, chapter 7, pp. 147\u2013189. \nEisemann, L., 2000. Pantone\u2019s Guide to Communicating with Color. How Books. \nFOGRA, 2010. Fundamantals for the standardization of spot colours in offset\nprinting: Uwe Bertholdt Fogra \nResearch report no. 32.158. Fogra. \nGreen, P., 1995. Understanding Digital Color. Graphic Arts Technical\nFoundation. \nIEC, 1999. International Electrotechnical Commission IEC 61966-2-1:1999.\nMultimedia systems and equipment \nColour measurement and management \u2013 Part 2-1: Colour management - Default RGB\ncolour space \u2013 sRGB. \nInterbrand, 2015. Best Global Brands 2015: Creating and managing brand value.\n[online] Interbrand. \nAvailable at: . \nISO 12647-2:2013 Graphic technology \u2014 Process control for the production of\nhalftone colour separations, \nproof and production prints Part 2: Offset lithographic processes. \nISO 12647-3:2013 Graphic technology \u2014 Process control for the production of\nhalftone colour separations, \nproof and production prints Part 3: Coldset offset lithography on newsprint. \nISO 12647-6:2012 Graphic technology \u2014 Process control for the production of\nhalftone colour separations, \nproof and production prints Part 6: Flexographic printing. \nMeittamo, M., 2010. Colour Management of the Brand Colour. Helsinki Metropolia\nUniversity of Applied \nSciences, Degree Programme in Media Technology. Final Year Project. \nSangmule, S.L., Lovell, V., Pekarovicova, A. and Fleming, P.D., 2010. Digital\nProofing of Spot Colors for Flexo \nPackaging. In: TAGA 2010 Proceedings, pp. 445\u2013460. \nSchmidt, K.W., 2013. CMYK GUIDE Composing Colors. Copenhagen: Grafisk\nKommunikation ApS. \nSeymour, J., 2013. Evaluation of Reference Materials for Standardization of\nSpectrophotometers. In: TAGA \n2013 Proceedings, pp. 355\u2013379. \nSharma, A., 2004. Understanding Color Management. Thomson Delmar Learning. \nShendye, A., Fleming, P.D., Pekarovicova, A. and Deshpande, K., 2011. Study of\nVisual-Instrumental Agreement \nin Different Color Spaces for Colors Close to Boundary of Quadrants in\nCIELab* Color Space.In: TAGA 2011 \nProceedings, pp. 187\u2013199. \nSperry, J. and O\u2019Hara, L.; 2007. An Evaluation of Generic Output Profiles for\nn-Color Printing. In: TAGA 2007 \nProceedings, pp. 257\u2013263. \nStokes, M., Chandrasekar, S. and Motta, R., 1996. A Standard Default Color\nSpace for the Internet \u2013 sRGB, \nVersion 1.10. [online] The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), \nAvailable at:. \nVIGC, 2008. Study on spectrophotometers reveals: instrument accuracy can be a\nnightmare, Turnhout, \nBelgium: VIGC (Vlaams Innocatiecentrum voor Grafische Communicatie, Flemish\nInnovation Center for \nGraphic Communication).\n\n\n100\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 939665, "type": "text", "content": "# Ac(cid:78)no(cid:90)ledgments\n\n\nThe authors wish to express their appreciation to the following individuals\nand \norganizations: Mr. Bob Henry of Iggesund Paperboard Company for donating the \nInvercote T and the Invercote G paper; Mr. William Li of Eastman Kodak Company \nfor his advice on soft proo(cid:191)ng work(cid:192)ow in Adobe Photoshop.\nThey also want to \nrecognize RIT School of Media Sciences for providing the academic environment \nthat enable students and faculty to excel and learn.\n\n\n# Literature Cited\n\n\nCGATS.21 (2012), Graphic technology \u2014 Printing from digital data across\nmultiple \ntechnologies \u2014 Part 1: Principles\n\n\nChung, Robert (2011), \u201cSubstrate Correction in ISO 12647-2,\u201d TAGA Proceedings, \npp. 34-47\n\n\nChung, R. and Tian, Quanhui (2011), \u201cEffect of Paper Containing OBA on Printed \nColors,\u201d Test Targets 10, pp. 19-26\n\n\nChung, Robert (2013), \u201cMatching Proof and Print Under the In(cid:192)uence of\nOBA,\u201d \nProceedings of the 40th IARIGAI Research Conference, Advances in Printing and \nMedia Technology, Vol. XL, pp. 275-282\n\n\nISO/DIS 3664 (2008), Graphic technology and photography - Viewing conditions \nISO/DIS 12646 (2006), Graphic technology (cid:177) Displays for color\nproo(cid:191)ng (cid:177) \nCharacteristics and viewing conditions\n\n\nISO/DIS 13655 (2009), Graphic technology - Spectral measurement and\ncolorimetric \ncomputation for graphic arts images\n\n\nISO/CD 14861.2 (2011), Graphic technology - Requirements for color soft\nproo(cid:191)ng \nsystems\n\n\nBrunner, Felix (1987), System Brunner PCP Picture Contrast Pro(cid:191)le,\nImage Contrast \nDetermine the Acceptance of Color Tolerance,\u201d TAGA Proceedings, pp. 256-263\n\n\n154 2015 TAGA Proceedings\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2263240, "type": "text", "content": " \n\n24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30 13/12/03 1:36 PM Page 28\n\n\nLet\u2019s elaborate on the two kinds of \ntransforms (or intents) that are of \nmost interest in the graphic arts\u2014 \nthe perceptual intent and the colori- \nmetric intent. (Although we will not \ngo into detail, you should be aware \nthat colorimetric intents can be used \nin two ways\u2013absolute and relative.) \nIf we start with the scanned image of \na chrome and its input profile, it has \na much larger color gamut and tone \nscale (even when converted to the \nreflection PCS) than we can repro- \nduce on the printed sheet. It also has \na different color gamut (larger in \nsome areas and smaller in others) \nthan we can display on a monitor. \nBut it is the responsibility of the \nsource to define this full gamut and \ntone scale relative to the PCS.\n\n\nHowever, when we output this color \nimage data we usually want to \nmodify both the gamut and tone \nscale to provide a \u201cbest fit\u201d to the \navailable output. This is the job of \nthe perceptual transforms in the des- \ntination profile. The color gamut of \nnewsprint printing is smaller than \nthat of Grade 1 sheetfed printing. \nProofing systems may have even \nlarger gamuts and CRT or LCD dis- \nplays are different (larger some \nplaces and smaller others) than \nprinted gamuts or each other. \nPerceptual transforms are intended \nto adjust the color data so that the \ngamut in the PCS is rendered (using \ngamut and tone scale mapping) in a \npleasing way within the available \ngamut of the device color space. \nTherefore each output (or class of \noutputs) needs its own destination \nprofile. However, these all work \nbetween PCS and device and are \nindependent of the source (in this \ncase the scanner) profiles.\n\n\nIf we want to transform color data \nbetween devices without changing \nthe color (only the device code \nvalues) we use the colorimetric \ntransforms in the profile. In graphic \narts we typically use a perceptual \ntransform to convert an image from\n\n\n \n\nthe large gamut PCS to the available \ntone scale and gamut of our chosen \nprinting process. We then may want \nto send this final image data to a \nproofing device which does NOT \nproduce the same color from the \nsame input values or may even have \na different (larger) gamut. Here we \nwould use a colorimetric transform \nfrom device to PCS (from the \nprinting process profile) and a PCS \nto device colorimetric transform \nfrom the proofer profile. The colors \nstay the same but the device values \nchange (CMYK values to the \nprinting process may be very dif- \nferent from the values needed by the \nproofing device to produce the same \ncolor output).\n\n\nAnother issue to keep in mind is that \nCMYK destination profiles also \ncarry instructions (transforms) for \ncolor separation and black genera- \ntion. More about the impact of this \nlater.\n\n\nThe basis of all profile transforms \nis something called characterization \ndata. Characterization data is \nnothing more than a table of infor- \nmation that relates the code values \nof a device to the color equivalents \nof those code values.\n\n\nMeasuring the colorimetric values \n(CIELAB data) of a printed sheet \nand relating them to the CMYK \nvalues that produced them is charac- \nterization data. Scanning an IT8 \ncolor target and relating the color \nvalues of the target to the scanner \ncode values (RGB) is characteriza- \ntion data for a scanner. It is impor- \ntant to note that characterization \ndata is worthless unless the device \nsettings and process control tools are \nin place so that the scanner, proofer, \nor printing device will produce con- \nsistent results. More about charac- \nterization data later also.\n\n\nHow is color management used? \nLet\u2019s look first at CMYK data. If we \nhave CMYK data that has been pre-\n\n\n \n\npared for a specific printing condi- \ntion\u2014SWOP, for example\u2014and we \nwant to proof it we have several \noptions. We can use a proof ing \ndevice that has colorants very close \nto the SWOP inks and that has been \ncalibrated to mimic the tone repro- \nduction and overprints of SWOP \nprinting. In many situations that is \nthe way a halftone proofing device \nlike the Kodak Approval works. \nHowever, if we have an inkjet \nproofer or other device that does not \ndirectly emulate SWOP printing \nconditions but has a color gamut \nthat matches or exceeds the SWOP \ngamut we can use color manage- \nment to transform the data into the \nform required. The colorimetric \ndevice to PCS transform of a SWOP \nprof ile can convert the CMYK \nprinting data into PCS. The PCS to \ndevice colorimetric transform from \nthe profile of our proofing device \ncan then transform the PCS data \ninto the device values for the \nproofer that will produce the same \ncolor that the CMYK values would \nproduce in SWOP printing. \nHowever, because the color separa- \ntion technique and black printer are \ndefined in the PCS to device trans- \nform (even for a colorimetric trans- \nform) these will not be the same in \nthe proof as on the printed sheet. \nThis is generally not a problem for \nnon-halftone proof ing systems. \nThere are ways that the characteris- \ntics of the black printer can be pre- \nserved but we will leave that to \nanother article.\n\n\nCharacterized Printing Conditions\n\n\n \n\nWe have already mentioned charac- \nterization data, but what are charac- \nterized printing conditions. The \nterm reference printing conditions \nhas sometimes been used instead of \ncharacterized printing conditions \nbut both refer to the same thing. Our \ndefinition is the same as the one \nused in the PDF/X standards and is \n\u201cprinting condition (offset, gravure, \nflexographic, direct, etc.) for which \nprocess control aims are defined\n\n\n28 IPA Bulletin\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 138734, "type": "text", "content": "tone values of the near-neutral scale (or any other C,M,Y triplet). In\naddition, \nthe IDEAlliance Print Properties Committee is recommending that the \ncolorimetric values associated with this scale be included as part of the \ndocumentation associated with characterization data. This has been done for\nthe \nthree Technical Reports in preparation by CGATS which document the new \nGRACoL and SWOP characterization data.\n\n\nT he same color analysis tools can be used with the characterization data for\nthe \nprinting system being calibrated to determine the C, M, and Y tone values \nneeded to match the colorimetry of the near-neutral scale or the reference \nprinting condition being matched.\n\n\nT he differences between these tone values required by the printing system to \nmatch the colorimetry of the steps of the near-neutral scale and the C, M, ad\nY \ninput values of the near-neutral scale (shown in Table 1) create the\ncorrection \ncurve needed to accomplish the necessary calibration.\n\n\nI n a similar, but simpler fashion, a correction curve can be computed for the \nblack channel. The tone values used for the black are the same as the tone \nvalues for cyan used in the near-neutral scale.\n\n\n \n\n# Press Calibration\n\n\nP ress calibration is simply the systematic application of the correction\ncurves \ndetermined above to all content data on an individual C, M, Y and K channel \nbasis. This is typically accomplished using plate-setter curves, but may also\nbe \naccomplished in the RIP or using any other digital data manipulation step \navailable in the particular workflow being used.\n\n\n \n\n# Process Control\n\n\nA s mentioned above, where the reference characterization data has been \nprepared to produce good gray balance for a reference near-neutral scale the \nprinting process can be monitored using gray balance in addition to, or in\nplace \nof, using tone value curves and tone value increase.\n\n\nW here this method of process control is used it is useful to print the near-\nneutral \nscale as a control bar along with a single color black scale that matches the\ntone \nvalues shown for cyan in the near-neutral scale.\n\n\nW here this is being done the concept of neutral print density (NPD) is a\nuseful \ntool to monitor the lightness relationship of the neutral curve. NPD is\ndefined \nusing the equation\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 138735, "type": "text", "content": "NPD = LOG 10 ( Y S ) \u2212 LOG 10 ( Y )P\n\n\nWhere\n\n\n \n\nYS is the CIE Y value of the sample, and \nYP is the CIE Y value of the paper or substrate.\n\n\nI t is important to note that NPD is mathematically equal to paper relative\nvisual \ndensity as defined in ISO 5-3.\n\n\nT his allows the near-neutral scale to be monitored using colorimetric data. \nSimilar computations and control can also be accomplished for the black scale \nusing colorimetric data.\n\n\n \n\nSummary\n\n\nThere are no hard and fast rules which dictate which method of press\ncalibration \nis preferred. However, in general the use of device-links as the calibration \nmethod will find wider applicability in those printing and proofing\ntechnologies \nthat use colorants that differ from the traditional inks specified in ISO\n2846. It \nis also expected that the color characterization of printing done with extreme \nnon-periodic screens will differ sufficiently from traditional\ncharacterization \ndata that the use of device-links as the calibration method will be required.\n\n\nT he use of either the tone value increase curve or the near-neutral scale \ncalibration techniques will find greatest applicability in those printing\nprocesses \nwhere the printing colorants and processes are similar to the processes and \ncolorants used to create the reference printing condition.\n\n\nW e believe that the near-neutral scale method will offer advantages over the \ntone value increase approach. In particular this method will offer the\ngreatest \nadvantage where it is combined with characterization data that produces good \ngrey balance for the tone values of the reference near-neutral scale and grey \nbalance is used as a process control tool.\n\n\nT here may also be some situations where the most effective calibration can be \nachieved by a combination of the application of neutral scale tone value \ncorrection curves followed by the application of ICC device link profiles.\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 138736, "type": "text", "content": "# Selected Bibliography\n\n\nISO 5.3, Photography \u2014 Density measurements \u2014 Part 3: Spectral conditions\n\n\nI SO 2846-1, Graphic technology \u2014 Colour and transparency of printing ink sets \nfor four-colour printing \u2014 Part 1: Sheet-fed and heat-set web offset\nlithographic \nprinting\n\n\nI SO 2846-2, Graphic technology \u2014 Colour and transparency of printing ink sets \nfor four-colour-printing \u2014 Part 2: Coldset offset lithographic printing\n\n\nI SO 2846-3, Graphic technology \u2014 Colour and transparency of printing ink sets \nfor four-colour-printing \u2014 Part 3: Publication gravure printing\n\n\nI SO 2846-4, Graphic technology \u2014 Colour and transparency of printing ink sets \nfor four-colour-printing \u2014 Part 4: Screen printing\n\n\nI SO 2846-5, Graphic technology \u2014 Colour and transparency of printing ink sets \nfor four-colour printing \u2014 Part 5: Flexographic printing\n\n\nI SO 12642-1, Graphic technology \u2014 Input data for characterization of 4-colour \nprocess printing \u2014 Part 1:Initial data set\n\n\nI SO 12642-2, Graphic technology \u2014 Input data for characterization of 4-colour \nprocess printing \u2014 Part 2:Expanded data set\n\n\nI SO 12647-1, Graphic technology \u2014 Process control for the production of half- \ntone colour separations, proof and production prints \u2014 Part 1: Parameters and \nmeasurement methods\n\n\nI SO 12647-2, Graphic technology \u2014 Process control for the manufacture of \nhalf-tone colour separations, proof and production prints \u2014 Part 2: Offset \nlithographic processes\n\n\nI SO 12647-3, Graphic technology \u2014 Process control for the manufacture of \nhalf-tone colour separations,proofs and production prints \u2014 Part 3: Coldset \noffset lithography and letterpress on newsprint\n\n\nI SO 12647-4, Graphic technology \u2014 Process control for the production of half- \ntone colour separations, proofs and production prints \u2014 Part 4: Publication \ngravure printing\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1632428, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='14' style='font-size:14px'>Advances in Printing and Media Technology, Vol. XLIII(III) \u2013 4: Design, 91\u2013100</header>\n<p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>4. Determination of acceptable color deviations</p>\n<p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>4.1 Closest match within the same process</p>\n<p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>When measuring Brand Colors and other Spot Colors it is recommendable to use the \u0394E2000 formula since<br>this is created to display a numeric value for the specific color difference that the human eye perceives,<br>independent of the color hue and saturation.</p>\n<p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Since there is no official ISO-standard for Brand Colors or Spot Colors and thus no standard for acceptable<br>color deviation tolerances for specific Brand Colors, then the Brand Owner or the Graphic Arts Designer<br>themselves must determine which color deviations can be accepted in each case \u2013 for each Brand Color.</p>\n<p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>However, some of the process standards within the ISO 12647-family specify some informative deviation<br>tolerances. ISO 12647-2:2013 and ISO 12647-3: 2013 specify informative deviation tolerance of 3.5 \u0394E2000<br>for the chromatic solid process colors CMY produced in lithographic offset while ISO 12647-6:2012 specify<br>a variation tolerance of less than 1.5 \u0394E2000 for Spot Colors produced in flexographic printing.<br>It should also be taken into account that the inaccuracy between measuring devices and the differences in<br>paper within the same batch alone can cause a deviation of 1\u20132 \u0394Eab (BVDM, 2003).</p>\n<p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Fogra suggests that the uniform deviation tolerance for Spot Colors in offset printing should be 2.5 \u0394E2000<br>(FOGRA, 2010, p. 10).</p>\n<p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>In Belgium customer demands a maximum \u0394Eab of 2, for quality print jobs (VIGC, 2008).</p>\n<p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Thus, based on the above, it should be possible to expect a maximum color difference of 3 \u0394E2000 for any<br>Brand Color reproduced within the same process.</p>\n<h1 id='23' style='font-size:20px'>4.2 Closest match across substrates and technologies</h1>\n<p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>If the Designer and the Brand Owner only have specified one Brand Color name with no further informa-<br>tion and if they expect that this Brand Color is to be reproduced on all substrate types in all reproductive<br>technologies, then the Brand Owner have to accept the closest possible color match between the Brand<br>Color and the chosen substrate and reproduction technology.</p>\n<p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>In view of the aforementioned studies a method is proposed to determine specific color deviation toler-<br>ances for a specific Brand Color.</p>\n<caption id='26' style='font-size:16px'>Table 3: Determination of closest match to the Brand Color Pantone 151 C</caption>\n<br><table id='27' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td rowspan=\"2\"></td><td rowspan=\"2\">Color Name</td><td colspan=\"3\">CIELAB</td><td colspan=\"3\">Color Differences</td></tr><tr><td>L</td><td>a</td><td>b</td><td>\u0394Eab</td><td>\u0394E2000</td><td>\u0394H*ab</td></tr><tr><td>PANTONE FORMULA GUIDE Coated</td><td>151 C</td><td>69.68</td><td>47.27</td><td>78.51</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>PANTONE FORMULA GUIDE Uncoated</td><td>151 U</td><td>72.00</td><td>48.07</td><td>62.04</td><td>16.7</td><td>6.4</td><td>9.9</td></tr><tr><td>PANTONE COLOR BRIDGE Coated</td><td>151 CP</td><td>67.88</td><td>32.91</td><td>66.77</td><td>18.6</td><td>5.5</td><td>6.9</td></tr><tr><td>PANTONE COLOR BRIDGE Uncoated</td><td>151 UP</td><td>71.14</td><td>30.68</td><td>47.58</td><td>35.1</td><td>8.3</td><td>2.2</td></tr><tr><td>PANTONE + CMYK Coated</td><td>P 24-7 C</td><td>66.66</td><td>33.70</td><td>61.22</td><td>22.2</td><td>5.6</td><td>3.1</td></tr><tr><td>PANTONE + CMYK Uncoated</td><td>P 17-8 U</td><td>69.87</td><td>33.02</td><td>53.74</td><td>28,6</td><td>6.4</td><td>0.7</td></tr><tr><td>PANTONE GoeGuide Coated</td><td>13-1-5 C</td><td>72.53</td><td>44.93</td><td>78.49</td><td>3.7</td><td>2.4</td><td>2.0</td></tr><tr><td>PANTONE GoeGuide Uncoated</td><td>7-1-7 U</td><td>74.23</td><td>44.39</td><td>75.51</td><td>6.2</td><td>3.6</td><td>0.9</td></tr></table>\n<footer id='28' style='font-size:20px'>98</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2263248, "type": "html", "content": "<br><p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30 13/12/03 1:36 PM Page 28</p>\n<p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Let\u2019s elaborate on the two kinds of<br>transforms (or intents) that are of<br>most interest in the graphic arts\u2014<br>the perceptual intent and the colori-<br>metric intent. (Although we will not<br>go into detail, you should be aware<br>that colorimetric intents can be used<br>in two ways\u2013absolute and relative.)<br>If we start with the scanned image of<br>a chrome and its input profile, it has<br>a much larger color gamut and tone<br>scale (even when converted to the<br>reflection PCS) than we can repro-<br>duce on the printed sheet. It also has<br>a different color gamut (larger in<br>some areas and smaller in others)<br>than we can display on a monitor.<br>But it is the responsibility of the<br>source to define this full gamut and<br>tone scale relative to the PCS.</p>\n<p id='51' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>However, when we output this color<br>image data we usually want to<br>modify both the gamut and tone<br>scale to provide a \u201cbest fit\u201d to the<br>available output. This is the job of<br>the perceptual transforms in the des-<br>tination profile. The color gamut of<br>newsprint printing is smaller than<br>that of Grade 1 sheetfed printing.<br>Proofing systems may have even<br>larger gamuts and CRT or LCD dis-<br>plays are different (larger some<br>places and smaller others) than<br>printed gamuts or each other.<br>Perceptual transforms are intended<br>to adjust the color data so that the<br>gamut in the PCS is rendered (using<br>gamut and tone scale mapping) in a<br>pleasing way within the available<br>gamut of the device color space.<br>Therefore each output (or class of<br>outputs) needs its own destination<br>profile. However, these all work<br>between PCS and device and are<br>independent of the source (in this<br>case the scanner) profiles.</p>\n<p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>If we want to transform color data<br>between devices without changing<br>the color (only the device code<br>values) we use the colorimetric<br>transforms in the profile. In graphic<br>arts we typically use a perceptual<br>transform to convert an image from</p>\n<br><p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>the large gamut PCS to the available<br>tone scale and gamut of our chosen<br>printing process. We then may want<br>to send this final image data to a<br>proofing device which does NOT<br>produce the same color from the<br>same input values or may even have<br>a different (larger) gamut. Here we<br>would use a colorimetric transform<br>from device to PCS (from the<br>printing process profile) and a PCS<br>to device colorimetric transform<br>from the proofer profile. The colors<br>stay the same but the device values<br>change (CMYK values to the<br>printing process may be very dif-<br>ferent from the values needed by the<br>proofing device to produce the same<br>color output).</p>\n<p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Another issue to keep in mind is that<br>CMYK destination profiles also<br>carry instructions (transforms) for<br>color separation and black genera-<br>tion. More about the impact of this<br>later.</p>\n<p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The basis of all profile transforms<br>is something called characterization<br>data. Characterization data is<br>nothing more than a table of infor-<br>mation that relates the code values<br>of a device to the color equivalents<br>of those code values.</p>\n<p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Measuring the colorimetric values<br>(CIELAB data) of a printed sheet<br>and relating them to the CMYK<br>values that produced them is charac-<br>terization data. Scanning an IT8<br>color target and relating the color<br>values of the target to the scanner<br>code values (RGB) is characteriza-<br>tion data for a scanner. It is impor-<br>tant to note that characterization<br>data is worthless unless the device<br>settings and process control tools are<br>in place so that the scanner, proofer,<br>or printing device will produce con-<br>sistent results. More about charac-<br>terization data later also.</p>\n<p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>How is color management used?<br>Let\u2019s look first at CMYK data. If we<br>have CMYK data that has been pre-</p>\n<br><p id='58' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>pared for a specific printing condi-<br>tion\u2014SWOP, for example\u2014and we<br>want to proof it we have several<br>options. We can use a proof ing<br>device that has colorants very close<br>to the SWOP inks and that has been<br>calibrated to mimic the tone repro-<br>duction and overprints of SWOP<br>printing. In many situations that is<br>the way a halftone proofing device<br>like the Kodak Approval works.<br>However, if we have an inkjet<br>proofer or other device that does not<br>directly emulate SWOP printing<br>conditions but has a color gamut<br>that matches or exceeds the SWOP<br>gamut we can use color manage-<br>ment to transform the data into the<br>form required. The colorimetric<br>device to PCS transform of a SWOP<br>prof ile can convert the CMYK<br>printing data into PCS. The PCS to<br>device colorimetric transform from<br>the profile of our proofing device<br>can then transform the PCS data<br>into the device values for the<br>proofer that will produce the same<br>color that the CMYK values would<br>produce in SWOP printing.<br>However, because the color separa-<br>tion technique and black printer are<br>defined in the PCS to device trans-<br>form (even for a colorimetric trans-<br>form) these will not be the same in<br>the proof as on the printed sheet.<br>This is generally not a problem for<br>non-halftone proof ing systems.<br>There are ways that the characteris-<br>tics of the black printer can be pre-<br>served but we will leave that to<br>another article.</p>\n<p id='59' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Characterized Printing Conditions</p>\n<br><p id='60' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>We have already mentioned charac-<br>terization data, but what are charac-<br>terized printing conditions. The<br>term reference printing conditions<br>has sometimes been used instead of<br>characterized printing conditions<br>but both refer to the same thing. Our<br>definition is the same as the one<br>used in the PDF/X standards and is<br>\u201cprinting condition (offset, gravure,<br>flexographic, direct, etc.) for which<br>process control aims are defined</p>\n<footer id='61' style='font-size:14px'>28 IPA Bulletin</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1632379, "type": "html", "content": "<br><table id='25' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">ICC\u2212profile</td><td rowspan=\"2\">maximum ink limit</td><td colspan=\"2\">Color deviation (DE2000)</td><td colspan=\"4\">ink consumption difference</td></tr><tr><td>average</td><td>maximum</td><td>Cyan</td><td>Magenta</td><td>Yellow</td><td>Black</td></tr><tr><td>ISOcoated_v2_eci</td><td>330 %</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>reference</td><td>reference</td><td>reference</td><td>reference</td></tr><tr><td>Coated Fogra 39 (Adobe)</td><td>330 %</td><td>2</td><td>4</td><td>8 %</td><td>9 %</td><td>9 %</td><td>\u221210 %</td></tr><tr><td>Coated_Fogra39L_VIGC_320</td><td>320 %</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>\u221215 %</td><td>\u221216 %</td><td>\u221220 %</td><td>7 %</td></tr><tr><td>ISOcoated_v2_300_eci</td><td>300 %</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>\u22124 %</td><td>\u22124 %</td><td>\u22125 %</td><td>2 %</td></tr><tr><td>Coated_Fogra39L_VIGC_300</td><td>300 %</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>\u221217 %</td><td>\u221218 %</td><td>\u221222 %</td><td>7 %</td></tr><tr><td>Coated_Fogra39L_VIGC_280</td><td>280 %</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>\u221218 %</td><td>\u221218 %</td><td>\u221223 %</td><td>8 %</td></tr><tr><td>Coated_Fogra39L_VIGC_260</td><td>260 %</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>\u221220 %</td><td>\u221220 %</td><td>\u221226 %</td><td>8 %</td></tr><tr><td>Coated_Fogra39L_VIGC_240</td><td>240 %</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>\u221224 %</td><td>\u221224 %</td><td>\u221230 %</td><td>9 %</td></tr><tr><td>Coated_Fogra39L_VIGC_230</td><td>230 %</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>\u221227 %</td><td>\u221226 %</td><td>\u221234 %</td><td>10 %</td></tr><tr><td>Coated_Fogra39L_VIGC_220</td><td>220 %</td><td>1</td><td>3</td><td>\u221230 %</td><td>\u221229 %</td><td>\u221238 %</td><td>10 %</td></tr><tr><td>Coated_Fogra39L_VIGC_210</td><td>210 %</td><td>2</td><td>4</td><td>\u221235 %</td><td>\u221233 %</td><td>\u221243 %</td><td>11 %</td></tr><tr><td>Coated_Fogra39L_VIGC_200</td><td>200 %</td><td>2</td><td>6</td><td>\u221240 %</td><td>\u221237 %</td><td>\u221248 %</td><td>12 %</td></tr></table>\n<footer id='26' style='font-size:20px'>58</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	If a printing system uses a non-traditional ink set that deviates from those specified in ISO 2846-1, what calibration method should be applied, and why might this be necessary?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 65, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 3128647, "type": "html", "content": "<br><p id='60' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>In the other three sections of Table 3, we report<br>the accuracy of the evaluated methods on all the syn-<br>thetic datasets (where we vary the number of anomalies,<br>the % of Gaussian noise, and the anomaly subsequence<br>length (cid:96)). We note that the accuracy of the discord dis-<br>covery techniques substantially improves, since in this<br>case most anomalies correspond to rare and isolated<br>subsequences (i.e., di\ufb00erent from one another). Even in<br>these cases, NormA is clearly superior to the competi-<br>tors. In contrast to GV, STOMP and DAD, NormA\u2019s<br>performance is stable for increasing noise.</p>\n<br><p id='61' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Regarding LSTM-AD, we note that in general it<br>is more accurate than the discord based algorithms.<br>Nevertheless, we stress that LSTM-AD only achieves<br>this performance, because (contrary to the rest of the<br>techniques) it bene\ufb01ts from a training phase on labeled<br>data. However, in several situations labeled data are not<br>available (and extremely expensive to generate). Even<br>as such though, LSTM-AD cannot match the perfor-<br>mance of NormA. Since we would expect a supervised<br>algorithm to perform at least as good as an unsuper-<br>vised one, these results suggest that supervised methods<br>still have lots of potential for improvement.</p>\n<br><p id='62' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Regarding LOF, we observe that it does not perform<br>well in our context. Isolation Forest achieves better per-<br>formance, but not as good as NormA.</p>\n<br><p id='63' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Overall, we observe that NormA is more accurate<br>than all competitors (with very few exceptions, for which<br>its performance is still very close to the best one), in all<br>the settings we used in our evaluation. Furthermore, we<br>note that the performance of NormA-smpl is in almost<br>all cases equal to that of NormA-SJ, or very close to it.</p>\n<br><p id='64' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>[Critical Di\ufb00erence Diagram] After rejecting the<br>null hypothesis using the Friedman test, we use the<br>pairwise Post-Hoc Analysis using a Wilcoxon signed-<br>rank test [59] to test and produce the critical di\ufb00erence<br>diagram for the algorithms and datasets of Table 3. The<br>critical di\ufb00erence diagram with \u03b1 = 0.05 (Figure 8)<br>shows that NormA-SJ and NormA-smpl are the overall<br>winners, with NormA-SJ and NormA-smpl being sig-<br>ni\ufb01cantly better than all previous algorithms.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2917532, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='128' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>of the Extract Method instances only looking at the \ufb01rst<br>recommendation (Top-1) for each method.</p>\n<br><p id='129' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Two central \ufb01ndings come from the results in Figure 2:</p>\n<p id='130' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>\u2022 There are two well-de\ufb01ned groups of similarity<br>coe\ufb03cients: (i) ine\ufb00ective coe\ufb03cients\u2014namely Jac-<br>card, Sorenson, and Sokal and Sneath 2\u2014that,<br>independently of the considered dependency sets,<br>achieved a maximum Top-1 recall of 28.7%; and<br>(ii) e\ufb00ective coe\ufb03cients\u2014namely Ochiai, PSC, and<br>Kulczynski\u2014that achieved recall values above 80%.</p>\n<br><p id='131' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>\u2022 If we consider a single strategy to compute dependency<br>sets (i.e., just T, just V, or just P), we can infer that<br>dependency sets considering just Types (T) are more<br>e\ufb00ective. However, combining dependency sets can<br>slightly increase the recall achieved by just T. For ex-<br>ample, both PSC and Kulczynski achieved their maxi-<br>mum recall value using the dependency sets for types,<br>variables, and packages (i.e., TVP).</p>\n<p id='132' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>In summary, the combination of the Kulczynski coe\ufb03cient<br>and the TVP dependency sets achieved the maximal recall<br>value. Using such combination, we could provide correct<br>recommendations for 12 out of 14 Extract Method instances<br>(85.7%) using only the \ufb01rst recommendation (Top-1). More-<br>over, the recall increases to 100% on Top-2.</p>\n<br><p id='133' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>4.4.3 RQ #3: What is the impact of the minimal num-<br>ber of statements threshold on the provided<br>Extract Method recommendations?</p>\n<br><p id='134' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Considering that after exploring the RQ #2 our approach<br>was set up to use the Kulczynski coe\ufb03cient and the TVP de-<br>pendency sets, this third research question investigates the<br>impact of the minimal threshold parameter (K) on the re-<br>call results achieved by this particular setup. Figure 3 shows<br>the Top-n recall values with the minimal thresholds ranging<br>from 1 to 6. As can be inferred, the optimal choice for the<br>minimal threshold is indeed 3 statements (the value used<br>when investigating the RQ #2). For example, the Top-2<br>recall decreases from 100% (K=3) to 22% (K=6).</p>\n<p id='135' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Recall</p>\n<br><figure data-category='chart'><img id='136' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"1.0\nTop 3\nTop 2\n0.8 Top 1\n0.6\n0.4\n0.2\n0.0\nK=1 K=2 K=3 K=4 K=5 K=6\" data-coord=\"top-left:(195,1034); bottom-right:(508,1310)\" /></figure>\n<p id='137' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Figure 3: Top n recall using di\ufb00erent values of K</p>\n<p id='138' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>4.4.4 RQ #4: What is the precision of the proposed<br>approach?</p>\n<br><p id='139' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>In the previous research questions, we used recall to guide<br>central design decisions in our approach (RQ #2) and to</p>\n<br><p id='140' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>evaluate the relevance of the minimal size threshold param-<br>eter (RQ #3). However, as usual, any recall measure should<br>be complemented by measures of precision.</p>\n<br><p id='141' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>When reasoning about precision, it is important to report<br>that our approach generates a large number of recommen-<br>dations, so it heavily depends on the ranking function to<br>\ufb01lter out non-relevant ones. Speci\ufb01cally for MyWebMarket,<br>we generate 951 valid recommendations, which correspond<br>to 35.2 recommendations/method on average.</p>\n<br><p id='142' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Figure 4 shows the overall precision and recall of our ap-<br>proach, for di\ufb00erent threshold values of the scoring function.<br>In this case, we \ufb01rst removed from the rank all recommen-<br>dations with a ranking score less than a given threshold (x-<br>axis). Therefore, the removed recommendations were not<br>considered when measuring the presented precision results<br>(y-axis). We can observe that when evaluating all recom-<br>mendations, our overall precision is very low, usually less<br>than 20%, unless we set up a minimum score above 0.8.<br>But, in this case, recall faces a signi\ufb01cant decrease, falling<br>below 30%. In fact, Figure 4 shows that there is no score<br>threshold that gives high precision without sacri\ufb01cing recall.<br>This fact is mainly due to the existence of a large number of<br>similar recommendations (with also similar scores) for the<br>same method on the rank.</p>\n<figure data-category='chart'><img id='143' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"1.0 Precision\nRecall\n0.8\n0.6\n0.4\n0.2\n0.0\n0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0\nScore\" data-coord=\"top-left:(724,678); bottom-right:(1093,1014)\" /></figure>\n<p id='144' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Figure 4: Precision and recall by score threshold<br>(MyWebMarket)</p>\n<p id='145' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>This \ufb01rst observation led us to adopt the strategy of lim-<br>iting the number of recommendations for a single method on<br>the rank. For example, we may consider only the Top-1 rec-<br>ommendation of each method. Figure 5 shows the precision-<br>recall curves in this case. These curves show the precision<br>and recall achieved by presenting the Top-k elements in the<br>rank. In other words, the curve shows how precision and re-<br>call vary as the maintainer proceeds with the examination of<br>the recommendations in our ranking, starting from the top-<br>ranked recommendation. We can observe that by using the<br>Top-1 strategy it is possible to achieve an overall precision<br>of 50.0%, while preserving a high recall (85.7%).</p>\n<br><p id='146' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Moreover, we also computed a second type of precision,<br>considering just the recommendations related to methods<br>that have a valid Extract Method instance in the oracle.<br>This precision, which we referred to as method-level pre-<br>cision, would correspond to a use case where a developer</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1651571, "type": "text", "content": "# Accepted for publication in Naval Research Logistics 53 (2006)\n\n\nBased on the pre-tournament rankings from each source, we evaluated each based \non its ability to predict outcomes of tournament games. We first tested naive\n\u201cbest team \nwins\u201d predictions, and counted (1) the number of games for which the method\u2019s\npre- \ntournament rankings predicted the correct winner, (2) the number of games in\nwhich the \nhigher-ranked team won. These two counts were different because of the\npossibility of \nmultiple upsets. For example, if two second-round opponents were both upset\nwinners in \nthe first round, then metric (1) would give a score of zero but metric (2)\ncould give a \nscore of 1 if the second-round winner was the higher-ranked of the two upset-\nwinners. \nWe report the results of both metrics because they both give information\nregarding the \nquality of the ranking system. Note that because Vegas point spreads are\ngenerated \ngame-by-game, they do not give full pre-tournament predictions (metric (1)),\nbut would \nbe expected to have a predictive advantage under metric (2) because they have\nmore \ngames of input data.\n\n\n \n\nTable 1 shows the performance of the various prediction methods according to\nthe \ntwo metrics, based on their performance over six seasons: 1999-2000 through\n2004-2005. \nThe LRMC model was more successful at picking the winners of tournament games\nthan \nany of the other rankings. Note that fractional results indicate the presence\nof ties in the \nranking (for example, when two #1 seeds play each other each is considered to\nbe \u00bd of \nthe predicted seeding-method winner).\n\n\n \n\nTable 1. Performance of models on two metrics of prediction quality, 1999-2000\nthrough 2004-2005 \nseasons (378 total games).\n\n\n \n\nTable 2 shows the one-tailed significance test results when comparing the LRMC \nmodel with each of the others with regard to game-by-game predictions (row 2\nof Table \n1). We used a one-tailed version of McNemar\u2019s test (essentially a binomial\ntest that takes \ninto account only those games where the two methods\u2019 predictions differ). The\ntests \nindicate that LRMC is better than AP, ESPN, RPI, Seed, Sagarin, KG, and\nSheridan at \nthe 0.05 level of significance or better. Only Massey (0.13) and Vegas (0.31)\nhad \nsignificance levels worse than 0.05. Note that the difference between the\nnumber of \ngames predicted correctly by LRMC and by the other methods is, in some cases,\nslightly \ndifferent between Tables 1 and 2. The reason is that games predicted by one\nmethod or \nthe other as \u201ceven\u201d (i.e., a zero-point spread, equal team rankings, or equal\nteam ratings) \nare given a value of \u00bd in Table 1 (i.e., \u00bd of a correct prediction) whereas\nthose games are \nthrown out of the comparison in McNemar\u2019s test.\n\n\n \n\nIt is not surprising that our method is not significantly better than game-by-\ngame \nLas Vegas odds. Oddsmakers use additional information: player unavailability\n(due to \ninjury, suspension, ineligibility, and illness), matchups (either player-\nvs.-player or team-\n\n\n12\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2428331, "type": "html", "content": "<table id='72' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td></td><td>0.5 min</td></tr><tr><td>0.350 0.325 0.300 0.275</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.35 0.30</td><td>1 min</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.25</td><td>2 min</td></tr><tr><td>0.40</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.35</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.30</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>min</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.225</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.200</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.175</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.150</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>12 min</td></tr><tr><td>0.20</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.18 0.16 0.14</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>30</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>min</td></tr><tr><td>0.22 0.20</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.18 0.16</td><td></td></tr></table>\n<br><figure><img id='73' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"60 min\n0.35\n0.30\n0.25\n0.20\n90 min\n0.35\n0.30\n0.25\n0.20\n120 min\n0.35\n0.30\n0.25\n0.20\n180 min\n0.35\n0.30\n0.25\n0.20\n360 min\n0.35\n0.30\n0.25\n0.20\n0.15\n720 min\n0.40\n0.35\n0.30\n0.25\n0.20\" data-coord=\"top-left:(376,111); bottom-right:(627,576)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='74' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Fig. 5: Time series trend analysis with different \u2206\u2019s, which<br>are indicated on the top of each sub-\ufb01gure, where the x-axis<br>represents time and the y-axis is the trend of similarity scores<br>S(Fi, Fi+1).</p>\n<p id='75' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>group of \u2206\u2019s are highly correlated with each other, but<br>different groups are little correlated with each other.</p>\n<p id='76' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>min min min min<br>min min min min min<br>min min min<br>0.5 1 2 9 12 30 60 90 120 180 360 720</p>\n<br><table id='77' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>0.5 min</td><td>1</td><td>0.96</td><td>0.8</td><td>0.72</td><td>0.43</td><td>0.08</td><td>\u22120.06</td><td>0.03</td><td>0.05</td><td>0.06</td><td>0.18</td><td>0.16</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1 min</td><td>0.96</td><td>1</td><td>0.9</td><td>0.76</td><td>0.43</td><td>\u22120.05</td><td>\u22120.14</td><td>\u22120.02</td><td>0.03</td><td>0.03</td><td>0.13</td><td>0.15</td><td>0.8</td></tr><tr><td>2 min</td><td>0.8</td><td>0.9</td><td>1</td><td>0.73</td><td>0.33</td><td>\u22120.19</td><td>\u22120.23</td><td>\u22120.04</td><td>\u22120.03</td><td>0.03</td><td>0.11</td><td>0.18</td><td>0.6</td></tr><tr><td>9 min</td><td>0.72</td><td>0.76</td><td>0.73</td><td>1</td><td>0.68</td><td>\u22120.17</td><td>\u22120.32</td><td>\u22120.16</td><td>\u22120.04</td><td>0.01</td><td>0.1</td><td>0.12</td><td>0.4</td></tr><tr><td>12 min</td><td>0.43</td><td>0.43</td><td>0.33</td><td>0.68</td><td>1</td><td>0.05</td><td>\u22120.15</td><td>\u22120.08</td><td>0.01</td><td>\u22120.06</td><td>0.19</td><td>0.2</td><td>0.2</td></tr><tr><td>30 min</td><td>0.08</td><td>\u22120.05</td><td>\u22120.19</td><td>\u22120.17</td><td>0.05</td><td>1</td><td>0.63</td><td>0.51</td><td>0.31</td><td>0.28</td><td>0.33</td><td>0.36</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>60 min</td><td>\u22120.06</td><td>\u22120.14</td><td>\u22120.23</td><td>\u22120.32</td><td>\u22120.15</td><td>0.63</td><td>1</td><td>0.72</td><td>0.59</td><td>0.44</td><td>0.44</td><td>0.29</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>90 min</td><td>0.03</td><td>\u22120.02</td><td>\u22120.04</td><td>\u22120.16</td><td>\u22120.08</td><td>0.51</td><td>0.72</td><td>1</td><td>0.68</td><td>0.56</td><td>0.44</td><td>0.38</td><td>\u22120.2</td></tr><tr><td>120 min</td><td>0.05</td><td>0.03</td><td>\u22120.03</td><td>\u22120.04</td><td>0.01</td><td>0.31</td><td>0.59</td><td>0.68</td><td>1</td><td>0.66</td><td>0.52</td><td>0.28</td><td>\u22120.4</td></tr><tr><td>180 min</td><td>0.06</td><td>0.03</td><td>0.03</td><td>0.01</td><td>\u22120.06</td><td>0.28</td><td>0.44</td><td>0.56</td><td>0.66</td><td>1</td><td>0.62</td><td>0.36</td><td>\u22120.6</td></tr><tr><td>360 min</td><td>0.18</td><td>0.13</td><td>0.11</td><td>0.1</td><td>0.19</td><td>0.33</td><td>0.44</td><td>0.44</td><td>0.52</td><td>0.62</td><td>1</td><td>0.6</td><td>\u22120.8</td></tr><tr><td>720 min</td><td>0.16</td><td>0.15</td><td>0.18</td><td>0.12</td><td>0.2</td><td>0.36</td><td>0.29</td><td>0.38</td><td>0.28</td><td>0.36</td><td>0.6</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='78' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Fig. 6: Correlation matrix of daily frequency trends.</p>\n<p id='79' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Summarizing the preceding discussion, we draw:</p>\n<br><p id='80' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u22121</p>\n<p id='81' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Insight 2: In order to fully characterize the evolution of<br>the attack-victim bipartite graphs, the defender only needs to<br>consider a couple of time resolutions: a small time window<br>(e.g., \u2206 = 12 minutes) and a large time window (\u2206 = 90<br>minutes), where the speci\ufb01c window size may depend on the<br>size of the honeypot.</p>\n<br><p id='82' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>3) LRD Analysis: Table IV presents three Hurt parameters:<br>the average variant method (RS), the difference aggregate<br>variance method (AGV), and the Peng\u2019s method (Peng), which<br>are obtained by using estimator fArma with respect to different<br>\u2206\u2019s. We observe that the time series exhibit LRD, except<br>that the Hurst parameter based on the RS method is 0.4, but<br>the Hurst parameters estimated by the other two methods are<br>all greater than 0.5, indicating LRD. We further use the</p>\n<br><table id='83' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td>\u2206</td><td>0.5</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>9</td><td>12</td><td>30</td></tr><tr><td>RS</td><td>0.70</td><td>0.71</td><td>0.70</td><td>0.61</td><td>0.56</td><td>0.64</td></tr><tr><td>AGV</td><td>0.71</td><td>0.74</td><td>0.77</td><td>0.77</td><td>0.77</td><td>0.91</td></tr><tr><td>Peng</td><td>0.62</td><td>0.61</td><td>0.60</td><td>0.56</td><td>0.56</td><td>0.53</td></tr><tr><td>\u2206</td><td>60</td><td>90</td><td>120</td><td>180</td><td>360</td><td>720</td></tr><tr><td>RS</td><td>0.40</td><td>0.67</td><td>0.66</td><td>0.71</td><td>0.94</td><td>0.68</td></tr><tr><td>AGV</td><td>0.80</td><td>0.82</td><td>0.97</td><td>0.84</td><td>0.75</td><td>0.69</td></tr><tr><td>Peng</td><td>0.60</td><td>0.60</td><td>0.59</td><td>0.61</td><td>0.65</td><td>0.55</td></tr></table>\n<br><caption id='84' style='font-size:22px'>TABLE IV: The Hurst parameters with different \u2206\u2019s.</caption>\n<table id='85' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td>\u2206</td><td>H \u02c6</td><td>Z1</td><td>H0</td><td>Z2</td><td>Ha</td></tr><tr><td>0.5</td><td>0.743</td><td>6.540</td><td>true</td><td>6.344</td><td>true</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>0.707</td><td>5.297</td><td>true</td><td>4.680</td><td>true</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>0.682</td><td>4.625</td><td>true</td><td>4.178</td><td>true</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>0.820</td><td>0.467</td><td>false</td><td>0.380</td><td>false</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>0.793</td><td>0.743</td><td>false</td><td>0.448</td><td>false</td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>0.542</td><td>1.423</td><td>false</td><td>1.086</td><td>false</td></tr><tr><td>60</td><td>0.599</td><td>1.693</td><td>true</td><td>1.693</td><td>true</td></tr><tr><td>90</td><td>0.606</td><td>1.327</td><td>false</td><td>1.326</td><td>false</td></tr><tr><td>120</td><td>0.602</td><td>0.555</td><td>false</td><td>0.555</td><td>false</td></tr><tr><td>180</td><td>0.566</td><td>1.325</td><td>false</td><td>1.325</td><td>false</td></tr><tr><td>360</td><td>0.714</td><td>0.486</td><td>false</td><td>0.486</td><td>false</td></tr><tr><td>720</td><td>0.548</td><td>1.239</td><td>false</td><td>1.124</td><td>false</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='86' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>TABLE V: Test results for spurious LRD with different \u2206\u2019s.</p>\n<p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Smoothly Varying Trend test [13] to test whether the times<br>series exhibit spurious LRD or not. Table V summarizes the<br>results, where Z1 > 1.517 and Z2 > 1.426 means the null<br>hypothesis H0 is true (i.e., the time series exhibits spurious<br>LRD). In summary, we draw:</p>\n<br><p id='88' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Insight 3: The time window size affects whether the time<br>series exhibits LRD. Because LRD implies that a time series<br>can be accurately predicted [1], [2], [14], [15], [3], the<br>defender needs to be conscious in selecting \u2206.</p>\n<br><p id='89' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>IV. RELATED WORK</p>\n<br><p id='90' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>The present study falls into the \ufb01eld of cybersecurity data<br>analytics, which is an indispensable pillar in the broader<br>framework of Cybersecurity Dynamics [16], [17], [1], [2],<br>[14], [15], [3], [18], [19]. In contrast to previous studies<br>on cybersecurity data analytics that focus on univariate [1],<br>[20], [2], [14], [15], [21] or multivariate time series [18],<br>[3], the framework focuses on analyzing the evolution of<br>the attacker-victim relation graphs, which are bipartite graphs<br>in the real-world dataset. Honeypot-captured datasets have<br>analyzed from other perspectives, such as: visualizing the ports<br>that are observed in honeypot datasets [22]; characterizing<br>attack probing activities [23]; clustering attacks [24], [25],<br>[26], [27]; modeling attack inter-arrival times [28], [29];<br>predicting/forecasting attack rates [1], [2], [14], [15], [3];<br>detecting cyber attacks (e.g., malware, botnets) [30], [31], [32],<br>[33], [34], [35], [36], [37].</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2917517, "type": "text", "content": "of the Extract Method instances only looking at the \ufb01rst \nrecommendation (Top-1) for each method.\n\n\n \n\nTwo central \ufb01ndings come from the results in Figure 2:\n\n\n\u2022 There are two well-de\ufb01ned groups of similarity \ncoe\ufb03cients: (i) ine\ufb00ective coe\ufb03cients\u2014namely Jac- \ncard, Sorenson, and Sokal and Sneath 2\u2014that, \nindependently of the considered dependency sets, \nachieved a maximum Top-1 recall of 28.7%; and \n(ii) e\ufb00ective coe\ufb03cients\u2014namely Ochiai, PSC, and \nKulczynski\u2014that achieved recall values above 80%.\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 If we consider a single strategy to compute dependency \nsets (i.e., just T, just V, or just P), we can infer that \ndependency sets considering just Types (T) are more \ne\ufb00ective. However, combining dependency sets can \nslightly increase the recall achieved by just T. For ex- \nample, both PSC and Kulczynski achieved their maxi- \nmum recall value using the dependency sets for types, \nvariables, and packages (i.e., TVP).\n\n\nIn summary, the combination of the Kulczynski coe\ufb03cient \nand the TVP dependency sets achieved the maximal recall \nvalue. Using such combination, we could provide correct \nrecommendations for 12 out of 14 Extract Method instances \n(85.7%) using only the \ufb01rst recommendation (Top-1). More- \nover, the recall increases to 100% on Top-2.\n\n\n \n\n4.4.3 RQ #3: What is the impact of the minimal num- \nber of statements threshold on the provided \nExtract Method recommendations?\n\n\n \n\nConsidering that after exploring the RQ #2 our approach \nwas set up to use the Kulczynski coe\ufb03cient and the TVP de- \npendency sets, this third research question investigates the \nimpact of the minimal threshold parameter (K) on the re- \ncall results achieved by this particular setup. Figure 3 shows \nthe Top-n recall values with the minimal thresholds ranging \nfrom 1 to 6. As can be inferred, the optimal choice for the \nminimal threshold is indeed 3 statements (the value used \nwhen investigating the RQ #2). For example, the Top-2 \nrecall decreases from 100% (K=3) to 22% (K=6).\n\n\nRecall\n\n\nFigure 3: Top n recall using di\ufb00erent values of K\n\n\n4.4.4 RQ #4: What is the precision of the proposed \napproach?\n\n\n \n\nIn the previous research questions, we used recall to guide \ncentral design decisions in our approach (RQ #2) and to\n\n\n \n\nevaluate the relevance of the minimal size threshold param- \neter (RQ #3). However, as usual, any recall measure should \nbe complemented by measures of precision.\n\n\n \n\nWhen reasoning about precision, it is important to report \nthat our approach generates a large number of recommen- \ndations, so it heavily depends on the ranking function to \n\ufb01lter out non-relevant ones. Speci\ufb01cally for MyWebMarket, \nwe generate 951 valid recommendations, which correspond \nto 35.2 recommendations/method on average.\n\n\n \n\nFigure 4 shows the overall precision and recall of our ap- \nproach, for di\ufb00erent threshold values of the scoring function. \nIn this case, we \ufb01rst removed from the rank all recommen- \ndations with a ranking score less than a given threshold (x- \naxis). Therefore, the removed recommendations were not \nconsidered when measuring the presented precision results \n(y-axis). We can observe that when evaluating all recom- \nmendations, our overall precision is very low, usually less \nthan 20%, unless we set up a minimum score above 0.8. \nBut, in this case, recall faces a signi\ufb01cant decrease, falling \nbelow 30%. In fact, Figure 4 shows that there is no score \nthreshold that gives high precision without sacri\ufb01cing recall. \nThis fact is mainly due to the existence of a large number of \nsimilar recommendations (with also similar scores) for the \nsame method on the rank.\n\n\nFigure 4: Precision and recall by score threshold \n(MyWebMarket)\n\n\nThis \ufb01rst observation led us to adopt the strategy of lim- \niting the number of recommendations for a single method on \nthe rank. For example, we may consider only the Top-1 rec- \nommendation of each method. Figure 5 shows the precision- \nrecall curves in this case. These curves show the precision \nand recall achieved by presenting the Top-k elements in the \nrank. In other words, the curve shows how precision and re- \ncall vary as the maintainer proceeds with the examination of \nthe recommendations in our ranking, starting from the top- \nranked recommendation. We can observe that by using the \nTop-1 strategy it is possible to achieve an overall precision \nof 50.0%, while preserving a high recall (85.7%).\n\n\n \n\nMoreover, we also computed a second type of precision, \nconsidering just the recommendations related to methods \nthat have a valid Extract Method instance in the oracle. \nThis precision, which we referred to as method-level pre- \ncision, would correspond to a use case where a developer\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 398895, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='48' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The 2D plots visualizing the results are placed into the appendix. The lines correspond to the performance characteristics of different estimation<br>methods. The dots visualize the 95% confidence intervals of the performance characteristics. By looking at the confidence intervals we can see if<br>one method is significantly better than another.</p>\n<p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Based on the simulation results we make the following conclusions:</p>\n<p id='50' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\uf0b7 In terms of TP, CE and VA, uniformly over most parameter specifications, Lasso performs better than Forward / Backward Cross-<br>Validation, and Forward / Backward Cross-Validation performs substantially better than the other methods, based on p-values, AIC and<br>BIC.</p>\n<p id='51' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\uf0b7 In terms of FP, uniformly over most parameter specifications, Lasso performs substantially worse than Forward / Backward Cross-<br>Validation and Forward / Backward Cross-Validation performs substantially worse than the other methods.</p>\n<p id='52' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\uf0b7 The results for Forward / Backward P-values, Forward / Backward AIC and Forward / Backward BIC are comparable. The relative<br>differences between the performance characteristic are not big. Nonetheless, sometimes the differences are statistically significant. We<br>will describe some of these cases in detail below.</p>\n<p id='53' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\uf0b7 In terms of TP, Forward / Backward BIC systematically underperforms Forward / Backward AIC, choosing too simplistic models on a small<br>data set of 100 observations.</p>\n<p id='54' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\uf0b7 In terms of FP, Forward / Backward AIC systematically underperforms Forward / Backward BIC, choosing too liberal models, containing<br>noisy, useless predictors.</p>\n<p id='55' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>\uf0b7 In terms of CE and VA, for most specifications, there is no statistically significant difference between Forward / Backward P-values,<br>Forward / Backward AIC and Forward / Backward BIC.</p>\n<p id='56' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\uf0b7 The performance is best when there is only one true predictor to select. The performance deteriorates rapidly with the number of true<br>predictors increasing from 1 to 10. Lasso and Forward / Backward Cross-Validation are more robust to this increase than the other<br>methods.</p>\n<p id='57' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\uf0b7 The performance is insensitive to the correlation between true predictors unless this correlation is really high, e.g. 0.7 - 0.9.</p>\n<p id='58' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>\uf0b7 The 9 estimation methods have approximately the same sensitivity to increases in the signal-to-noise ratio, except for increases at the<br>lower end of the signal-to-noise, where Forward / Backward Cross-Validation and Lasso benefit more.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 135399, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='45' style='font-size:14px'>1858</header>\n<br><p id='46' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>C. Chen et al.</p>\n<br><p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(cid:3)</p>\n<br><p id='48' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>k uT Qui subject to (cid:4)ui(cid:4)2 = 1, ui (cid:11) 0, 1 \u2264 i \u2264 K and uT uj =<br>maxu1,...,uK i =1 i<br>i<br>0, 1 \u2264 i (cid:6)= j \u2264 K. Simulation analyses show that this formulation results in<br>accurate communities. However, we have not found an e\ufb03cient algorithm and<br>future research is needed in this direction.</p>\n<p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>7. Appendix</p>\n<p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>In this section, we give proofs of our theoretical results. Before proving the main<br>theorem, we \ufb01rst give some lemmas.</p>\n<br><p id='51' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Lemma 7.1. Under the assumptions of DCSBM, we have</p>\n<br><p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(cid:13) (cid:14)</p>\n<br><p id='53' data-category='equation'>$$\\mathrm{l}\\mathrm{\\bfE}\\,(W(S)\|{\\bf c})=\\sum_{k=1}^{K}n r_{k}^{d}(S)\\left(\\sum_{l=1}^{K}n r_{l}^{d}(S)p_{k l}\\right)\\;\\;a n d$$</p>\n<br><p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Proof. Under the assumptions of DCSBM, we have</p>\n<p id='55' data-category='equation'>$$\\mathbb{E}(A_{i j}\|c_{i}=k,c_{j}=l)=\\mathbb{E}(\\theta_{i}\|c_{i}=k)\\mathbb{E}(\\theta_{j}\|c_{j}=l)p_{k l}={\\frac{\\pi_{k}^{d}}{\\pi_{k}}}{\\frac{\\pi_{l}^{d}}{\\pi_{l}}}p_{k l}.$$</p>\n<br><p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>So we have</p>\n<br><p id='57' data-category='equation'>$$\\begin{array}{l l}{{\\mathbb{E}(W(S)\|\\mathbf{c})=\\sum_{k=1}^{K}\\sum_{l=1}^{K}\\sum_{i\\in S_{k,j}\\in S_{l}}^{\\mathrm{K}}\\frac{\\mathbb{E}(A_{i j}\|\\mathbf{c})}{\\pi_{k}}}}\\\\ {{}}&{{=\\sum_{k=1}^{K}\\sum_{l=1}^{K}\\sum_{i\\in S_{k,j}\\in S_{l}}^{d}\\frac{\\pi_{k}^{d}}{\\pi_{k}}\\frac{\\pi_{l}^{d}}{\\pi_{l}}p_{k l}=\\sum_{k=1}^{K}n r_{l}^{d}(S)p_{k l}),}}\\end{array}$$</p>\n<br><p id='58' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>and</p>\n<p id='59' data-category='equation'>$$\\begin{array}{l l}{\\mathbb{E}(V(S)\|\\mathbf{c})=\\sum_{k=1}^{K}\\sum_{l=1}^{K}\\sum_{i\\in S_{k},j\\in G_{l}}^{K}\\mathbb{E}(A_{i j}\|\\mathbf{c})}\\\\ {\\displaystyle=\\sum_{k=1}^{K}\\sum_{l=1}^{K}\\sum_{i\\in S_{k},j\\in G_{l}}^{K}{\\frac{\\pi_{k}^{d}}{\\pi_{k}}}{\\frac{\\pi_{l}^{d}}{\\pi_{l}}}p_{k l}=\\sum_{k=1}^{K}\\sum_{l=1}^{K}\\sum_{l=1}^{N}\\sum_{i=1}^{N}\\sum_{i=1}^{K}\\sum_{i=1}^{N}\\sum_{i\\neq M_{i}}^{S}\\sum_{i\\neq j\\neq j\\neq N}\\cdots{\\frac{\\Gamma_{i}^{M}}{\\pi_{i}^{d}}}\\end{array}$$</p>\n<p id='60' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>We need Cherno\ufb00\u2019s inequality [9] and Hoe\ufb00ding\u2019s inequality [11] to prove<br>Theorem 3.1.</p>\n<br><p id='61' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Lemma 7.2. (Cherno\ufb00 \u2019s inequality) Let X1, ..., Xn be independent random<br>variables with</p>\n<br><p id='62' data-category='equation'>$$\\mathbb{P}(X_{i}=1)=p_{i},\\;\\mathbb{P}(X_{i}=0)=1-p_{i}.$$</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 135398, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='35' style='font-size:14px'>L0-penalized graph Laplacian</header>\n<br><header id='36' style='font-size:14px'>1857</header>\n<p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>However, when t is large, it is hard to see the di\ufb00erence. Therefore, we further (cid:12)<br>consider only p-values less than 0.1 and de\ufb01ne ratior = \|{\u2212 log10 p-value > t}\|<br>t<br>\|{\u2212 log10 p-value > 1}\| for any threshold t \u2265 1. The new ratio curves are shown<br>in Figure 5, right panel. We can now clearly see that L0LapT is always above<br>other methods.</p>\n<figure><img id='38' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(287,380); bottom-right:(879,619)\" /></figure>\n<caption id='39' style='font-size:14px'>Fig 5. GO enrichment analysis.</caption>\n<p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>6. Conclusion and discussion</p>\n<p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>In this paper, we propose a community detection method by maximizing a<br>tightness criterion. This method does not require a known community number<br>and it can detect communities in networks with outliers. We prove a consis-<br>tency result for DCSBM with or without outliers. Simulation studies and real<br>data applications show that the proposed method generally performs better<br>than other available algorithms. One problem we found is that although the<br>proposed method generally gives more accurate estimation of the community<br>number, when networks contain more noise or when the network is too sparse,<br>it still cannot give a very accurate estimate of community number. In addition,<br>the statistical test used in this paper is based on permutation. Although simu-<br>lation shows that this permutation works well in general in terms \ufb01ltering false<br>communities, we were not able to develop theoretical guarantees for this test.</p>\n<br><p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The ADMM Algorithm 1 cannot guarantee a global maximum. Recently, a<br>few paper showed that global optimizer could be identi\ufb01ed by local adjustments<br>[36]. These methods could be generalized to our optimization problem (2.4) and<br>deserve future research. If the community number K is known, the tightness (cid:2)<br>(cid:2)<br>criterion (2.1) can be generalized to a partition of V . Assume V = G1 ... GK<br>is a partition of V , de\ufb01ne</p>\n<p id='43' data-category='equation'>$$\\psi(G_{1},...,G_{K})=\\sum_{i=1}^{K}\\frac{W(G_{i})}{V(G_{i})}.$$</p>\n<br><p id='44' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>True communities should have a large \u03c8(G1, ..., GK ) and we may detect com-<br>munities by maximizing \u03c8(G1, ..., GK) over all partitions of V . Similarly, this<br>optimization problem can be approximated by the Graph Laplician problem</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1651603, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='58' style='font-size:18px'>Accepted for publication in Naval Research Logistics 53 (2006)</header>\n<p id='59' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>LRMC\u2019s advantage increased to 11% over the second-best method, and 18% over the<br>average of the other eight methods. When the upset bonus was included, LRMC\u2019s<br>advantage was even greater, 14% over the second-best method and 19% over the average.</p>\n<h1 id='60' style='font-size:18px'>points</h1>\n<br><table id='61' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td>Pool Type</td><td>AP</td><td>ESPN</td><td>Seed</td><td>RPI</td><td>Massey</td><td>Sagarin</td><td>KG</td><td>Sheridan</td><td>LRMC</td></tr><tr><td>One point</td><td>236</td><td>235\u00bd</td><td>235\u00bc</td><td>229</td><td>242</td><td>229</td><td>231\u00bd</td><td>244\u00bd</td><td>248</td></tr><tr><td>per game 2round-1</td><td>541</td><td>531\u00bd</td><td>495</td><td>465</td><td>534</td><td>520</td><td>519</td><td>565</td><td>632</td></tr><tr><td>points seed\u00d72round-1</td><td>1194\u00bd</td><td>1192\u00bd</td><td>1115</td><td>1104</td><td>1232</td><td>1155</td><td>1188\u00bd</td><td>1247</td><td>1454</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='62' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Table 6. Total pool score of models using best-team-wins prediction method, 1999-2000 through 2004-<br>2005 seasons.</p>\n<p id='63' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>In addition to the results reported in Table 6, we also tested the maximum score<br>estimator model of Caudill [8], another deterministic method. Based on seedings, it uses<br>historical data to predict outcomes (so, for example, if 14th seeds beat 3rd seeds more<br>often than vice versa, it will make this prediction instead). Its performance was worse<br>than that of just selecting the higher seeds (Seed).</p>\n<br><p id='64' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Tables 7, 8, and 9 compare the dynamic programming-based predictions using<br>each ranking method and each ranking-to-probability formula; the final row of each table<br>show the best-team-wins method for purposes of comparison. Again, the results are<br>clear. Regardless of which method is used to derive probabilities from the rankings, the<br>LRMC results are superior. In fact, in every case, even the worst LRMC result (without<br>dynamic programming) is superior to the best result obtained from any of the other<br>rankings, using any of the probability models, with or without dynamic programming.<br>Thus, we can conclude that for the scoring systems we tested, although selecting a good<br>probability model and using dynamic programming both can improve the results, it is<br>more important to begin with a good ranking system. The dynamic program added to<br>LRMC is especially effective in the most complex pool scoring model we tested, where<br>upset incentives are more likely to make picking the better team a suboptimal strategy.</p>\n<br><table id='65' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td></td><td>AP</td><td>ESPN</td><td>Seed</td><td>RPI</td><td>Massey</td><td>Sagarin</td><td>KG</td><td>Sheridan</td><td>LRMC</td></tr><tr><td>Ratio of rankings [19]</td><td>242</td><td>240</td><td>241</td><td>235</td><td>242</td><td>238</td><td>236</td><td>247</td><td>250</td></tr><tr><td>Linear, \u03b10 = 0.5 [19]</td><td>243</td><td>238</td><td>241</td><td>235</td><td>238</td><td>240</td><td>236</td><td>246</td><td>251</td></tr><tr><td>Linear, \u03b10 and \u03b11 fit [20]</td><td>242</td><td>238</td><td>241</td><td>236</td><td>241</td><td>240</td><td>235</td><td>246</td><td>249</td></tr><tr><td>Exponential, \u03b20 = 0 [20]</td><td>243</td><td>240</td><td>241</td><td>236</td><td>231</td><td>241</td><td>237</td><td>244</td><td>254</td></tr><tr><td>Exponential, \u03b20 and \u03b21 fit [20]</td><td>241</td><td>238</td><td>241</td><td>236</td><td>241</td><td>240</td><td>237</td><td>247</td><td>251</td></tr><tr><td>Normal CDF [7]</td><td>239</td><td>241</td><td>241</td><td>232</td><td>240</td><td>237</td><td>238</td><td>245</td><td>253</td></tr><tr><td>Seed probit [2]</td><td>---</td><td>---</td><td>240</td><td>---</td><td>---</td><td>---</td><td>---</td><td>---</td><td>---</td></tr><tr><td>Best-team-wins</td><td>236</td><td>235\u00bd</td><td>235\u00bc</td><td>229</td><td>242</td><td>229</td><td>231\u00bd</td><td>244\u00bd</td><td>248</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='66' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Table 7. Total one-point-per-game pool score of models using ranking-based dynamic programming<br>prediction methods and best-team-wins, 1999-2000 through 2004-2005 seasons.</p>\n<footer id='67' style='font-size:18px'>16</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2509576, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='43' style='font-size:18px'>A General Framework For Detecting Anomalous Inputs to DNN Classi\ufb01ers</header>\n<p id='44' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Table 6: Ablation experiment - performance of different p-value normalization and aggregation methods, and the effect of includ-<br>ing/excluding layer pairs. The multinomial test statistic is used in all cases.</p>\n<br><table id='45' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">Normalization method</td><td rowspan=\"2\">Aggregation method</td><td colspan=\"2\">SVHN, PGD ((cid:15) = 1/255)</td><td colspan=\"2\">SVHN, CW (con\ufb01dence = 0)</td><td colspan=\"2\">CIFAR-10, PGD ((cid:15) = 1/255)</td><td colspan=\"2\">CIFAR-10, CW (con\ufb01dence = 0)</td></tr><tr><td>average precision</td><td>pAUC-0.2</td><td>average precision</td><td>pAUC-0.2</td><td>average precision</td><td>pAUC-0.2</td><td>average precision</td><td>pAUC-0.2</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">p-values from layers & layer pairs (\u00a74.2.A)</td><td>Fisher</td><td>0.7382</td><td>0.8025</td><td>0.9631</td><td>0.9213</td><td>0.7710</td><td>0.7790</td><td>0.9664</td><td>0.9377</td></tr><tr><td>HMP</td><td>0.7296</td><td>0.7966</td><td>0.9611</td><td>0.9171</td><td>0.7614</td><td>0.7705</td><td>0.9653</td><td>0.9344</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">p-values from layers</td><td>Fisher</td><td>0.7393</td><td>0.8005</td><td>0.9634</td><td>0.9214</td><td>0.7734</td><td>0.7781</td><td>0.9667</td><td>0.9380</td></tr><tr><td>HMP</td><td>0.7247</td><td>0.7925</td><td>0.9591</td><td>0.9140</td><td>0.7538</td><td>0.7617</td><td>0.9616</td><td>0.9315</td></tr><tr><td>Multivariate p-value (aK-LPE, \u00a74.2.B)</td><td>None</td><td>0.7161</td><td>0.7840</td><td>0.9559</td><td>0.9042</td><td>0.7437</td><td>0.7518</td><td>0.9650</td><td>0.9296</td></tr></table>\n<p id='46' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Table 7: Ablation experiment: effect of including only the last few layers for detection.</p>\n<table id='47' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">Normalization method</td><td rowspan=\"2\">Aggregation method</td><td rowspan=\"2\">Layers included</td><td colspan=\"2\">SVHN, PGD ((cid:15) = 1 / 255)</td><td colspan=\"2\">SVHN, CW (con\ufb01dence = 0)</td><td colspan=\"2\">CIFAR-10, PGD ((cid:15) = 1 / 255)</td><td colspan=\"2\">CIFAR-10, CW (con\ufb01dence = 0)</td></tr><tr><td>average precision</td><td>pAUC-0.2</td><td>average precision</td><td>pAUC-0.2</td><td>average precision</td><td>pAUC-0.2</td><td>average precision</td><td>pAUC-0.2</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"4\">p-values from layers & layer pairs (\u00a74.2.A)</td><td rowspan=\"4\">Fisher</td><td>All</td><td>0.7382</td><td>0.8025</td><td>0.9631</td><td>0.9213</td><td>0.7710</td><td>0.7790</td><td>0.9664</td><td>0.9377</td></tr><tr><td>Final (logits)</td><td>0.6347</td><td>0.7396</td><td>0.9141</td><td>0.8538</td><td>0.7399</td><td>0.7636</td><td>0.9664</td><td>0.9371</td></tr><tr><td>Last 2</td><td>0.6440</td><td>0.7431</td><td>0.9213</td><td>0.8599</td><td>0.7410</td><td>0.7650</td><td>0.9688</td><td>0.9401</td></tr><tr><td>Last 3</td><td>0.6847</td><td>0.7674</td><td>0.9388</td><td>0.8857</td><td>0.7473</td><td>0.7657</td><td>0.9660</td><td>0.9358</td></tr></table>\n<h1 id='48' style='font-size:20px'>E.3. Results on the FGSM Attack</h1>\n<br><p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Figure 8 presents the average precision of the different de-<br>tection methods as a function of the (cid:96)2 norm of perturbation<br>for the FGSM attack method. It is clear that both variants<br>of JTLA outperform the other methods, consistent with the<br>trend observed on other attacks in \u00a7 6.</p>\n<p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>E.4. Evaluation of Partial Area Under the ROC Curve</p>\n<br><p id='51' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Here we compare the performance of methods using pAUC-<br>0.2, a metric calculating the partial area under the ROC<br>curve for FPR below 0.2. Comparing the area under the<br>entire ROC curve can lead to misleading interpretations be-<br>cause it includes FPR values that one would rarely choose<br>to operate in. Therefore, to re\ufb02ect realistic operating con-<br>ditions, we chose a maximum FPR of 0.2. Recall that for<br>the PGD attack we vary the proportion of adversarial sam-<br>ples along the x-axis because most of the samples from this<br>attack have the same perturbation norm.</p>\n<br><p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>On the CIFAR-10 dataset (Figure 9), we observe that JTLA<br>has better performance than the other methods in most cases.<br>On the adaptive attack, Mahalanobis has slightly better<br>performance than JTLA with the multivariate p-value esti-<br>mation method (aK-LPE). We make similar observations on<br>the SVHN dataset (Figure 10), with a minor exception on<br>the adaptive attack where the Odds method performs better<br>than JTLA as the perturbation norm increases.</p>\n<br><p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>On the MNIST dataset (Figure 11), we observe some differ-<br>ent trends in the performance compared to the other datasets.<br>On the CW and FGSM attacks, the methods Odds and<br>Trust perform comparably or slightly better than JTLA<br>(particularly the variant based on Fisher\u2019s method). On the</p>\n<br><p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>adaptive attack, the performance of JTLA based on Fisher\u2019s<br>method decreases signi\ufb01cantly as the perturbation norm in-<br>creases. On the other hand, the variant of JTLA based on<br>the aK-LPE method outperforms the other methods on this<br>attack. We think that this contrast in performance is due to<br>the fact that the adaptive attack samples were optimized to<br>fool the variant of JTLA based on Fisher\u2019s method. Also, at-<br>tack samples with higher perturbation norm are more likely<br>to be successful. On the PGD attack, Odds outperforms<br>the other methods, but the pAUC-0.2 of all methods, ex-<br>cept LID and DKNN, are higher than 0.95 in this case. We<br>conjecture that the good performance of most methods on<br>MNIST could be due to the simplicity of the input space<br>and the classi\ufb01cation problem.</p>\n<p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>E.5. Results on the MNIST Dataset</p>\n<br><p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>In Figure 12, we compare the average precision of different<br>methods on the MNIST dataset for the CW, PGD, and adap-<br>tive attacks (results for the FGSM attack were presented<br>in Appendix E.3). We observe that Odds has good perfor-<br>mance on this dataset, outperforming JTLA in some cases.<br>The method Trust (which uses the pre-logit, fully con-<br>nected layer) also performs well on this dataset. This could<br>be due to the fact that on the MNIST dataset, the attack<br>samples exhibit very distinctive patterns at the logit and pre-<br>logit DNN layers, which are the focus of the methods Odds<br>and Trust. We note that Odds and Trust do not carry<br>over this good performance to all datasets and attacks. Also,<br>both variants of JTLA perform well in the low perturbation<br>norm regime.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	If the ratio for L0LapT is always above other methods when considering P-values less than 0.1, how would the performance ranking change if you were to include P-values greater than 0.1?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 70, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 3426368, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='48' style='font-size:14px'>Engage With The Emerging</header>\n<br><p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 2 0 - 2 1</p>\n<p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Consolidated Notes to the financial Statements</p>\n<br><p id='51' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(All amounts in Rs. Mn unless otherwise stated)</p>\n<table id='52' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value - recurring fair value measurements at 31 March 2020</td><td>Level 1</td><td>Level 2</td><td>Level 3</td><td>Total</td></tr><tr><td>Financial assets</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Financial Investments at FVPL</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mutual funds</td><td>137</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>137</td></tr><tr><td>Financial Investments at OCI</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Derivatives designated as hedges</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts</td><td>-</td><td>12</td><td>-</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td>Total financial assets</td><td>137</td><td>12</td><td>-</td><td>149</td></tr><tr><td>Financial Liability</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Derivatives designated as hedges</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts</td><td>-</td><td>(276)</td><td>-</td><td>(276)</td></tr><tr><td>Other financial liabilities</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Financial liability for future acquisition</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>1,994</td><td>1,994</td></tr><tr><td>Total financial Liability</td><td>-</td><td>(276)</td><td>1,994</td><td>1,718</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>There is also a financial liability for future acquisition measured at fair value using level 3 inputs.</p>\n<br><p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Level 1: Level 1 hierarchy includes financial instruments measured using quoted prices. This includes listed equity instruments,<br>traded bonds and mutual funds that have quoted price. The fair value of all equity instruments (including bonds) which are traded in<br>the stock exchanges is valued using the closing price as at the reporting period. The mutual funds are valued using the closing NAV.<br>Level 2: The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market (for example, traded bonds, over-the-counter<br>derivatives) is determined using valuation techniques which maximize the use of observable market data and rely as little as<br>possible on entity-specific estimates. If all significant inputs required to fair value an instrument are observable, the instrument is<br>included in level 2.<br>Level 3: If one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in level 3. This is<br>the case for unlisted equity securities, contingent consideration and indemnification asset included in level 3.<br>The Group\u2019s policy is to recognize transfers into and transfers out of fair value hierarchy levels at the end of reporting period.</p>\n<br><p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>(ii) Valuation technique used to determine fair value</p>\n<br><p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Specific valuation techniques used to value financial instruments include:</p>\n<br><p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>- The use of quoted market prices for similar instruments.<br>-Derivative financial instruments are valued based on quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that<br>are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.<br>- The fair value of the remaining financial instruments is determined using discounted cash flow analysis.<br>Inputs used in the valuation models<br>(a) Financial liability for future acquisition-<br>(i) Revenue inputs - Based on past performance and management\u2019s expectations of market development.<br>(ii) Budgeted operating margin - Based on past performance and management\u2019s expectations for the future.<br>(iii) Pre-tax discount rates - Reflect specific risks relating to the relevant geography in which they operate.</p>\n<br><p id='58' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>hence classified under Level 3 hierarchy</p>\n<br><p id='59' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Quantitative details of input used in valuation of financial liability for future acquisition</p>\n<br><table id='60' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td></td><td>31 March 2021</td><td>31 March 2020</td></tr><tr><td>Revenue (% annual growth rate)</td><td>10%</td><td>10%-20%</td></tr><tr><td>Budgeted operating margin (%)</td><td>25%</td><td>25%-40%</td></tr><tr><td>Pre-tax discount rate (%)</td><td>19.5%</td><td>9% - 19.5%</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='61' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>If the revenue/ budgeted operating margin unobservable inputs used in the valuation of Level 3 financial liability for future acquisition<br>had been 1% change than management\u2019s estimates at 31 March 2021, does not have significant impact in its value and other equity.</p>\n<br><p id='62' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>(iv) Movement of Financial liability for future acquisition</p>\n<br><table id='63' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>Particulars</td><td>31-Mar-21</td></tr><tr><td>Opening future acquisition liability</td><td>1,994</td></tr><tr><td>Additional stake acquisition payout (Refer note 39 and 40)</td><td>(1,427)</td></tr><tr><td>Fair value through other equity</td><td>141</td></tr><tr><td>Closing future acquisition liability</td><td>708</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='64' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>(b) Forward Contracts</p>\n<br><p id='65' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Derivative financial instruments are valued based on quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that<br>are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.</p>\n<br><p id='66' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>28 (i) Hedging activities and derivatives</p>\n<br><p id='67' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The Company\u2019s exposure to the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates relates primarily to the Company\u2019s operating activities<br>(when revenue or expense is denominated in a foreign currency) and the Company\u2019s net investments in foreign subsidiaries.</p>\n<footer id='68' style='font-size:20px'>193</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 186314, "type": "text", "content": "regarding such actions refer to the FTC's Complaint of Competition. As noted\nabove and above, \nHTC is at least responsible for any and all of the liability or claims we may\nand hereby disclaim \nthat HEXO has liability for your misuse, abuse, destruction, alteration or any\nother loss or injury \nor liability that HTC knows of. Your acceptance of or use of the HTC products\nis in no way \nlimited by U.S. trade agreements, agreements of similar provisions in other\ncountries or foreign \njurisdictions. HTC reserves the right, and any waiver of liability not in\nHTC's sole discretion, the \nsole method of relief available in the particular case. By following any of\nour high probability etf \ntrading pdf) in which the average trader buys or sells at roughly 20.3% higher\nor so and then \nhas to decide how to choose his or her next trading window. Of course there\nare caveats. It's \nharder to predict when a price is likely to rise than it is when it is likely\nto drop; for example, the \ndifference between the highest and lowest price will be quite modest for\neveryone (the highest \nis expected when it hits $100) and the lowest level is known as an expected\nmarket price at the \nmoment when the next price rises at around 14,500 or so points. However, we\ncould not predict \nhow much of an overall trend the price will go since at different levels every\nsingle time this \ntrend is occurring, it could be even more different. The actual market level\nwill vary in many \nways like the differences in market value between countries versus stocks or\nbonds. It gives \nmore insight into what kind of performance that currency would actually\nachieve. When our \nprediction is complete there is only limited reason to expect that we will\nfind in the medium \nterm. If our forecast is to achieve a higher level of expected and expected\nmarket price then a \nsignificant increase in our price range would lead to further declines but\nthis would most likely \ntake the amount to $100. What we're doing here is showing how much of an\naverage risk that an \nincrease in or decrease in the level of price might cause will actually be\nsmall if it's a large over \nlong time horizons\u00e2\u20ac\u201donly $5. I am very confident that this is an example of\nthe kinds of market \nscenarios that we predict in the upcoming months. The key question we need to\nask regarding \nprice prediction are not what you want to bet on. Some stocks have huge\ndownside upside, \nothers haven't. A high expected and expected market price will almost always\nresult in losses, \nbut, in contrast, a lower-low margin and a lower margin are good ways to\ninvest in futures, in \nterms of their performance. My hope is that these \"big trades\" come to\nfruition in mid February \nor early March so we know for sure that the best, best strategy we will make\nat predicting the \nprice is not too much bet. Also, even though we've written down all our long-\nterm forecasts at \nthe end of this post, I do believe this is still at it and I'm in some way\naware of several people \nwho feel that a higher value bet is better bet today at the same time their\nlong-term goals are \ndifferent. I won't say that the above mentioned scenarios can be \"just that.\nIt actually has the \npotential to play into some pretty interesting long-term trends\". However it's\ngreat for investors, \nnot just for traders but for anyone not in positions with a big portfolio who\nwants to trade in any \nstocks. high probability etf trading pdf? You'll notice our PDF is way easier\nto understand. \nThere are other things wrong with this spreadsheet, the reason for which is\nthat in the \"DOTC\" \nportion of The Future is not the DOTC portion. That, together, means when the\nsame chart is \nincluded every 10,20 or so seconds, they have all different numbers to\ncalculate when they \nshould or should not be compared. It's not quite the same graph. So a new note\nthat will save \nus the trouble is the next chart that shows you all the \"real\" value: In this\nchart, the difference \nbetween \"stock\" and \"debt\" is more than twice what it looks like from real\nprice across every \nchart. Even the chart below has nothing, but most people wouldn't have the\ntime nor the skill to \nread all these information out. We are doing some serious calculations on our\nside too with a \nbig chart that is clearly wrong, but also we are learning something new. Do\nyou think in this \nway, or do not, that if we did something for the future and all those charts\nwe were reading \nweren't true predictions and we wouldn't see every thing, then the system\nwouldn't function as I \ndescribed, except maybe for the value \"good\" on our charts? I will show you\nhow and what \ndoes this point not point out to we. Now what would this point about our\nfuture predictions do? \nWhat is it you want to know about the future that I didn't yet have before we\nsee it as something \nvery different? To be fair, if anything, we can still keep on the same\nprinciple that our \nforecasters said was at one point not the case. Anyway, here are some\nadditional observations \nfrom the beginning: --When it comes down the road for everyone, the future\ncould be defined in \nvarious ways. However, the chart \"not in existence\" is an absolute statement\nthat you cannot \nchange to a different chart of \"what was present during 2012/2013\" except one.\n--A more \nimportant thing to bear in mind is we could start talking about two very\nsimilar scenarios. \nImagine that the most optimistic forecaster or their boss would predict a\ncertain economic \nactivity over three months straight over the course of a few years. In such a\nscenario, the \"bad\" \nperiod would be far past (in those three months) then the new period and the\nlong-run \"good\" \nperiod would be the \"bad\". I have taken it away but I will try to explain in\nsome more detail to \nhave a clearer way of being clear where I am with all my thought: You could\nchange the \n\"outliner date\" from today or tomorrow to the worst year imaginable with some\nhelp with how\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2682136, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='77' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Fair value valuation bases</p>\n<table id='78' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td colspan=\"6\">Financial instruments measured at fair value using a valuation technique with significant unobservable inputs \u2013 Level 3</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan=\"3\">Assets</td><td colspan=\"2\">Liabilities</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Trading Assets AED000</td><td>Derivatives AED000</td><td>Total AED000</td><td>Derivatives AED000</td><td>Total AED000</td></tr><tr><td>Trading Assets</td><td>285,862</td><td>\u2014</td><td>285,862</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Other Derivatives</td><td>\u2014</td><td>9,466</td><td>9,466</td><td>9,993</td><td>9,993</td></tr><tr><td>At 31 Dec 2020</td><td>285,862</td><td>9,466</td><td>295,328</td><td>9,993</td><td>9,993</td></tr><tr><td>Trading Assets</td><td>293,706</td><td>\u2014</td><td>293,706</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Other Derivatives</td><td>\u2014</td><td>20,740</td><td>20,740</td><td>1,782</td><td>1,782</td></tr><tr><td>At 31 Dec 2019</td><td>293,706</td><td>20,740</td><td>314,446</td><td>1,782</td><td>1,782</td></tr></table>\n<br><h1 id='79' style='font-size:20px'>Derivatives</h1>\n<br><p id='80' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>OTC (i.e. non-exchange traded) derivatives are valued using valuation models. Valuation models calculate the present value of expected<br>future cash flows, based upon \u2018no-arbitrage\u2019 principles. For many vanilla derivative products, such as interest rate swaps and European<br>options, the modelling approaches used are standard across the industry. For more complex derivative products, there may be some<br>differences in market practice. Inputs to valuation models are determined from observable market data wherever possible, including<br>prices available from exchanges, dealers, brokers or providers of consensus pricing. Certain inputs may not be observable in the market<br>directly, but can be determined from observable prices via model calibration procedures or estimated from historical data or other<br>sources.</p>\n<p id='81' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Reconciliation of fair value measurements in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy</p>\n<br><p id='82' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Movement in Level 3 financial instruments</p>\n<br><table id='83' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td></td><td colspan=\"2\">Assets</td><td>Liabilities</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Trading Assets AED000</td><td>Derivatives AED000</td><td>Derivatives AED000</td></tr><tr><td>At 1 Jan 2020</td><td>293,706</td><td>20,740</td><td>1,782</td></tr><tr><td>Total gain/(losses) recognised in profit or\u00a0loss</td><td>(7,844)</td><td>(4,749)</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>\u2013 net income/(expense) from financial instruments held for trading or managed on a fair value basis</td><td>(7,844)</td><td>(4,749)</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Purchases</td><td>\u2014</td><td>16,229</td><td>16,290</td></tr><tr><td>Sales</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Settlements</td><td>\u2014</td><td>(22,754)</td><td>(8,079)</td></tr><tr><td>Transfers in \u00a0</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>At 31 Dec 2020</td><td>285,862</td><td>9,466</td><td>9,993</td></tr><tr><td>Unrealised (losses) recognised in profit or loss relating to assets and liabilities held at 31\u00a0Dec 2020</td><td>(7,844)</td><td>(4,749)</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>\u2013 net expense from financial instruments held for trading or managed on a fair value basis</td><td>(7,844)</td><td>(4,749)</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>At 1 Jan 2019</td><td>293,698</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Total losses recognised in profit or\u00a0loss</td><td>8</td><td>(6,815)</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>\u2013 net income/(expense) from financial instruments held for trading or managed on a fair value basis</td><td>8</td><td>(6,815)</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Purchases</td><td>\u2014</td><td>31,789</td><td>1,782</td></tr><tr><td>Sales</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Settlements</td><td>\u2014</td><td>(4,234)</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Transfers in \u00a0</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>At 31 Dec 2019</td><td>293,706</td><td>20,740</td><td>1,782</td></tr><tr><td>Unrealised gains/(losses) recognised in profit or loss relating to assets and liabilities held at 31\u00a0Dec 2019</td><td>\u2014</td><td>(6,815)</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>\u2013 net expense from financial instruments held for trading or managed on a fair value basis</td><td>\u2014</td><td>(6,815)</td><td>\u2014</td></tr></table>\n<p id='84' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Effect of changes in significant unobservable assumptions to reasonably possible alternatives</p>\n<p id='85' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Sensitivity of Level 3 fair values to reasonably possible alternative assumptions</p>\n<br><table id='86' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td></td><td></td><td colspan=\"4\">31 Dec 2020</td><td colspan=\"4\">31 Dec 2019</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td colspan=\"2\">Reflected in profit or loss</td><td colspan=\"2\">Reflected in OCI</td><td colspan=\"2\">Reflected in profit or loss</td><td colspan=\"2\">Reflected in OCI</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Favourable changes</td><td>Un- favourable changes</td><td>Favourable changes</td><td>Un- favourable changes</td><td>Favourable changes</td><td>Un- favourable changes</td><td>Favourable changes</td><td>Un- favourable changes</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Footnotes</td><td>AED000</td><td>AED000</td><td>AED000</td><td>AED000</td><td>AED000</td><td>AED000</td><td>AED000</td><td>AED000</td></tr><tr><td>Derivatives and trading assets</td><td>1</td><td>\u2014</td><td>(7,973)</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>224</td><td>(11,388)</td><td>173</td><td>(84)</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td></td><td>\u2014</td><td>(7,973)</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>224</td><td>(11,388)</td><td>173</td><td>(84)</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>1 Derivatives and trading assets are presented as one category to reflect the manner in which these instruments are risk-managed.</p>\n<footer id='88' style='font-size:18px'>HSBC Bank Middle East Limited \u2013 UAE Operations Financial Statements 2020 25</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 186313, "type": "text", "content": "High probability etf trading pdf for a single account, which gives us a \"large\nnumber of small\" \naccounts on every financial market, and a few on just 10 major markets. The\nresult gives us a lot \nof information in a single, non-transparent pdf. This report by TPG is the\nsecond most recent \nthat shows the effectiveness of derivatives in the euro area since 2008 at 1%)\nis not too unusual \n(because more \"expert\" firms are still very much involved). But a more\nthorough look shows \nthat at their peak of 1%) in 2013, about 95% of financial firms engaged in\nsecurities and \nderivatives trades, the majority of which were highly liquid. To our\nknowledge, none of them are \nprofitable. Another important finding of the study, according to the French\neconomist Nefarie \nDesmollers, is that derivatives were a way of managing risky assets and to put\npressure on \ntrading rates because of the need for firms to keep those risky assets under\nan effective market \ncap. So whether we are losing too much value over time at the global level or\nwe can just see a \npattern there is \"more evidence,\" according to Nefarie Desmollers here. He\nwrites that for every \n1/0.01 of an increase in interest rates we would feel \"foolish and fearful,\"\nand the global \"bub,\" \nas one commentator dubbed last fall for being \"so big we are willing to have\nthem down there at \none drop.\" So if you've made money, then you've done something, we suspect, by\nusing these \nfinancial trading firms! It might not be quite as good as that in the early\ndays, but a lot to see, if \nyou are lucky. high probability etf trading pdf/web site, no ads. You cannot\nuse the web site \ndirectly or from third parties. Copyright (c) 2015 A/V (AFAW Legal). All\nrights reserved. No use \nor modification of the content. You have the right to modify it at any time,\nfrom without it, and \nyou have every right to terminate any of our rights under this agreement - see\nhere: \neff.org/legal/claims/en-us-notification_faqs/rightsviolations/ The U.S.\nSecurities and Exchange \nCommission, Inc does not endorse and does not represent any of the members of\nHeterodox \nInvestment (hereinafter referred to as HIF or \"HIP\".), its affiliates,\nsubsidiaries and staff in any \nway or for any reason, including: false statements made under any and all\napplicable laws, \nincluding without limitation the SEC's Anti-Money Laundering Act, a US Supreme\nCourt \ndecision, a court of competent jurisdiction, a U.S. federal court, a law of\nthe United States of \nAmerica, a U.N. Court of Convention on Contracts for the Protection of\nLiterary, Scientific, \nCultural, and Unauthorized Activities (USCLU) and numerous federal, state and\nlocal laws. 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In particular\nHEXO may use and \nreproduce for or in derivative works, logos, concepts and designs or logos or\nconcepts or data \nused in HEXO's advertising, in other media on which it operates, or in digital\nforms or websites \nhosted or operated by HEXO (\"HTC Products\"), without prior notice for\nmarketing purposes. \nSuch use includes making modifications on sites other than our own, in digital\ncontent. HTC is \nan independent contractor, partner, distributor and participant in these\nagreements. \nFurthermore, HTC disclaims warranties to you as a consequence of its use or\nacceptance of \nthese other deals or products. HTC may in some instances deny warranty on\nthose terms \nexcept under certain circumstances in accordance with the federal securities\nlaws, laws of the \nterritory in which the HTC Company resides, and the laws of any state or other\njurisdiction the \nsame for any non-compliance with the laws thereof, including a court order on\nany such \nwarranty or breach of law. HTC does not warrant that the HTC Company will do.\nThis is \nexpressly agreed to between HTC and you through HTC's confidential and all-\nknowable website. \nHTC further disclaims and reserves the right to terminate your usage or access\nto HTC Products \nanyhow at any time, without prior notice. In some cases there is no charge for\nany damages, \nincluding and in kind damages arising from damages for any direct or indirect\ncause of action \nby or against HTC, HTC, their parent or subsidiary, their officers, directors,\nsupervisors and \nemployees, subsidiaries, affiliates, agents, officials and subsidiaries,\nwhether direct or indirect, \nbetween HTC, them or their affiliates. When a patent or other work is claimed,\nwe are in charge \nof filing such court actions on HTC or on the actual damages to be caused and\nassessed within \nthe terms of those patents. This includes direct costs of litigation in our\ncountry, court costs \nand judgments. HTC is not responsible or liable for injuries, death or\nproperty injuries arising \narising from negligence in conducting and using the trial services. HTC is not\nliable for \ndamages or any damages, or for any damage to or effects that result from the\nuse of our \nservices, if any, involving an improper use of HTC's service and HTC disclaims\nits warranties \nthat such use will not cost HTC any harm or the loss of profits. The FTC\nand/or court decisions\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3449210, "type": "text", "content": "26 CZARNIKOW ANNUAL REVIEW 2020\n\n\nThis sugar consumption decline was most \nobvious in areas with severe lockdowns \n(e.g. Europe, China) and in countries \nwhere soft drinks are sweetened with \nsugar. We did not see, for example, a \nsignificant decline in the USA, where \nhigh-fructose corn syrup is the dominant \nsweetener in soft drinks.\n\n\nWhen the initial lockdowns ended, sugar \nconsumption rebounded in many \ncountries and consumer patterns have \nadapted to the \u2018new normal\u2019, with some \nevidence of people treating themselves \nto small luxuries (such as treats with high \nsugar content) more often during the \npandemic. We anticipate sugar \nconsumption will strengthen in 2021, \nbut it is not yet clear if 2019 levels will \nreturn; we are keeping an open mind.\n\n\nIncreased regulation around sugar \nconsumption\n\n\n \n\nPrior to COVID-19, we were already seeing \nan increasing trend towards health-related \nregulation in the food and beverage \nindustry \u2013 be it through sugar taxation or \nrestrictions on advertising. There had also \nbeen a significant move towards product \nreformulation (recipes and pack sizes) to \nregulate sugar levels. With a link between \nhigh COVID-19 morbidity rates and people \nwith underlying health conditions, \nincluding obesity and diabetes, we will be \nwatching closely to see if regulation is \ntightened further.\n\n\n# ENERGY\n\n\n \n\nIn 2020, we took the decision to \nconsolidate all energy-related revenues \nand from 2021 this new line will \nencompass all revenue contributions \nfrom ethanol, electricity and biomass. \nThis raises the profile of our focus on \nrenewable energy internally and externally \nand supports the expansion of \ncounterparty activity elsewhere in the \nGroup, both regionally and through our \nsustainability programme, VIVE. During the \nyear we equipped ourselves to offer the \nfull range of services for these products \nincluding off-taking, trade finance, risk \nmanagement, logistics, corporate finance, \nanalysis and sustainability verification. \nOur clients are already benefiting from \nupstream and downstream synergies.\n\n\nIn 2020, our performance reflected early \nand promising potential in the renewable \nenergy space. We financed over 300k m3 of \nethanol, as part of US$70 million of \ninventory finance solutions.\n\n\n \n\nIn early 2021, we secured 600,000Mwh of \nenergy deals and our first 40,000 metric \ntonnes of biomass (derived from cane \nbagasse) off-taking, all of which were \nbooked for 2021.\n\n\nIPOs in Brazil\u2019s sugar and ethanol sector\n\n\n \n\nHigh liquidity in the capital markets, low \nfixed income interest rates and the \ndevaluation of the Brazilian real have \ndriven investors looking for higher returns \nto the Brazilian Stock Exchange. After \naveraging close to 60,000 points for ten \nyears, the IBOVESPA is currently at historic \nhighs of over 120,000 points.\n\n\nInvestor interest has been widespread \nacross all commodities markets, and the \nraw sugar price has already more than \ndoubled in the past 11 months. Activity \nhas been fuelled by speculation of higher \ninflation rates and the return of a \ncommodity \u2018super cycle\u2019, driven largely by \nChinese demand for commodities. \nWhether demand at this scale can be \nsustained with such high prices is yet to be \ndetermined.\n\n\nNonetheless, more liquidity has entered the \nexchange market and created an interesting \nenvironment for companies looking to go \npublic, especially for those with exposure to \nthe commodities sector. We foresee greater \nIPO activity in the sugar and ethanol sectors \nand are closely monitoring potential \nimpacts.\n\n\nDERIVATIVES\n\n\n \n\nIn 2020, our derivatives business \naccounted for 6.9% of revenue-generating \nbusiness. Our Derivatives team is \nrecognised for its value-driven ethos and \nimplementation of practical solutions to \nassist our clients in managing their price \nrisk and positions. Given the high-price \nand high-volatility market conditions \nduring the reporting period, our strong, \nsteady revenue growth from our \nderivatives business reflects our \ncapabilities and experience.\n\n\nThe year 2020 was marked by a strong \ndevaluation in emerging market \ncurrencies, especially the Brazilian real. \nWith the cost of sugar and ethanol \nproduction far more competitive in local \ncurrency, hedging in local currency \nfollowed suit. Czarnikow delivered a \nnumber of hedging solutions for \nproducers, combining commodities and \ncurrencies that supported the \nperformance of our derivatives line.\n\n\n \n\nADVISORY\n\n\n \n\nIn 2020, our Advisory business \u2013 \ncomprising analysis, corporate finance \nand risk management services \u2013 \naccounted for 10.7% of revenue- \ngenerating business, representing an \nincrease of 59.7%.\n\n\nOur advisory services had a highly \nsuccessful year. Our Corporate Finance \nteam completed several deals with a focus \non co-generation, debt restructuring and \nM&A.; Since its launch in April 2019, our \nclient-facing app and portal Czapp has \nexpanded its functionality, allowing clients \nto access market news and data, interact \nwith live data, and, soon, to view and \nmanage trades through the app. Czapp\u2019s \ngrowing popularity is reflected by a 70% \nincrease in user numbers in 2020.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2892995, "type": "text", "content": " \n\n# Business Performance\n\n\n \n\n# Equities business\n\n\n \n\n# Derivatives segment volumes & market share\n\n\n \n\n# Derivative Volume Market Share1\n\n\n\u2022 ISEC derivative ADTO decreased by 4% YoY, up 16% \nsequentially\n\n\n\u2022 Derivative market share increased by 30bps in Jun\u201921 \ncompared to Mar\u201921 when phase 2 was implemented\n\n\n1\\. Combined market share for retail and institutional clients\n\n\n \n28\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 186315, "type": "text", "content": "best to set up an alternate scenario (like for instance in an actual future,\nthe year the market \ncrash which I am seeing now is being discussed in other papers etc., or some\nother day that I \nhave yet to make). A new chart would need a very different understanding on\nthis chart, an \napproach that is different from the previous. By the way, \"new market data\" is\na lie. \"new data\" \nwould not be used in creating what is called the \"market hypothesis\". There\nisn't even any use \nof the term from 2009 in that sense anymore. Just in that way there is really\nno question that \nthere is some connection with which I will leave no question and as we\nmentioned above, these \nobservations were not made in 2012. --There have been some other mistakes I am\naware of \nabout the last \"DOTC\" chart (i.e., we are now back to real value instead of\n\"market value\"). I will \nshow why here in time, as much as we still don't know, but our forecast of\n\"market value has \nbeen corrected slightly with my calculations, as some people did before, but\nother people were \nable to continue to make incorrect predictions in the past and that may seem\nsmall because, \nsay, I started out to believe in the \"newness\" of Bitcoin as early as 2009 to\n2008 before the \nmarket crashed and it really only had real value for the foreseeable future.\nThe numbers say it, \nno! All of that was correct as a first approximation by the way in real time\nin 1998! If you use \n2008 time frame that means a new record was added, but that time frame is a\nfalse positive, not \nfalse! So we have changed the price of bitcoin over the past 10 years with a\n\"fair and realistic \nexpectation by a more reasonable approach\". - We are seeing lots of\nspeculators trying to put \nout some ideas even as others put out some of their speculative claims because\nnobody knows \nhow to make the change without causing the world to panic just like the ones\nwe are doing now. \nPeople who take part in these discussions are speculators, who are trying to\nfind some solution \nfrom which to avoid falling into a dark alley. - \"market value's correction\"\nand \"the future of \ncommodities high probability etf trading pdf? It would make sense to get this\none online, so feel \nfree to add the PDF form (which you should do at the time there is not enough\nspace but to \ndouble-check if it is the right pdf format to get it to that number). If using\nit to sell it and get \nother services from this page, use either the trading terms, or the trading\nprice in your profile \nbelow. (All prices should be at the lowest, highest, and the last six decimal\nplaces that are not \nincluded on pages 15-26 to provide even more depth at the bottom, although\nthis is only part of \nan understanding if one looks up this on google or this Google Marketable page\nin a search) \nSome questions to consider, as mentioned in the below chart What the odds are\nthere is a high \nprobability trader would be doing bad or extremely bad online. If it is\npossible (not necessarily \npossible) to see where stocks went from here, if there are real buyers and\nsellers (like on this \nGoogle Marketable link), then you wouldn't find the highest/worst seller for\nthat particular year \nWhat if the trade goes over all the stocks, if prices have fallen or rebuts\nbeen strong (because \nprices are still falling), and trades are only selling one or the other? No\nmatter how it turns out, \nwhat you are going to see may become what you see. The bottom line you get for\nthat particular \ntrading point is that it is going to happen. This is true on all levels\n(examples, reviews and \nreviews of high/high rates, the value of any services, a good percentage of\ntrades, and whether \nor not a firm will ever buy something), and that is the point I want to add. I\nwas hoping this \nwould explain my own position. When I read about some bad traders who are\nmaking this \nhappen and how people got hurt from these trades, some of these were bad\nbecause I had little \nor no experience online in high/high conditions. However, because this was not\nhappening on a \ndaily basis, I started seeing the positives in it for myself within a month or\nso, which I don't \nthink does mean I should just stop blogging now. For now, I do not own this\npage or write about \nthe situation, but I have seen over the course of an extremely long time\nsomething quite terrible \nhappened online, and I'm doing the best I can for my fellow investors and\nmyself by staying \naway from it forever. This is because trading it is a process that has been\ngoing on since the \ndays of internet pioneers like Wikipedia (which was much tougher to explain\nthan in Google) \nand there have always were plenty of those because they were difficult to\nexplain. I would like to \ndo this just in case others will come across things like those before me in\nthe future. Please \nhelp me with those and those are probably all ways that I'm able to help some\npeople and have \nno plans (see this thread where I made such an excellent point of posting the\npost, or this \nReddit post where the same post I published as a forum thread got quite\nquickly up in front of \nmy eyes). (This is a simple way of getting an educated opinion: just try\nlooking up the number \nby looking up the names and dates and not just putting the first letter. There\nare many better \nlooking and clearer ways) (For that topic, or any topic to get out to the\ncommunity with more, I \nwill attempt to keep my post as simple as possible. The amount of comments\nthat get posted or \nreplies has changed since I published it so, as always, please consider\ndropping any comments \nfrom other places they are not covered in post.) Also, I was trying to tell\npeople about an \ninvestment account created around 5th November 2011 that only sold between\n1700 & 1800 \nGMT and was being held under \"hold in order to make sure that these are going\nto be able to \nwithdraw this investment\". It just so happens that I made a blog post on that\nday. While I don't\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 186316, "type": "text", "content": "own it, in my post over a month ago I didn't post anything about how this post\nmight be made to \nbe a little bit more transparent but the reason for keeping my post clear and\nconcise just so \npeople would know how these are being handled is because of having done just\nthat post on 11 \nminutes ago. Here are two links to some of the best post summaries on this\nthread. high \nprobability etf trading pdf?s. No worries. For this purpose and only because I\nthink trading has \nits problems: If one wishes be honest with the general public and the general\npopulation, I \nwould say trading has its problems, but not in this case because people buy\nshares that they \nshould not trade, and this is exactly the type of things traders and traders\nare so interested in \ncreating that the actual financial system actually uses them, namely, trading\nthem. So I'm going \nto take this problem up until now from a point where it seems that everybody\ndoesn't even buy \nor sell shares: what is the case in this case where everybody is like, 'Well\nthey'll sell something \nfor $100 and I'll let my wife go', \"Oh my god, I don't really want to deal\nwith everyone else\", and \nthey all have their problem. But now you see something, so clearly different;\nlike \"I don't want to \ntalk about everybody, so I'm just happy that he's done with his wife\", that\ngives us even more \nroom to think for one's own good. I also believe it will create people who buy\nmore shares. Like, \nmaybe someone will create an exchange with that share; there's still a gap, so\nthis gives more \nroom. So this is exactly my problem. So I also believe that the market will\nalways generate a lot \nof interesting and interesting things: \"The people buying are the same because\nthey bought it \non eBay and everyone got their first one free. People buy shares. That gives a\ngood return to \ninvestors.\" If people have so many new items each which is useful, there'll\nalways exist a place \nto add them later on in the future, and that way even people just now buy all\nof the things they \nhave. The first option would be that a very popular player will give out lots\nof cards so it's \nsomething the markets, in which it's not impossible, because these people\nactually use these \nitems. So that person will eventually get it; it'll still buy it but its not\nvery many, it's just too \nsmall. But this gets complicated even as the individual person becomes more\nvaluable; and in \nthese cases this person gets stuck, not trading, since he will have no\ntradeable items for it. So \nyou only have to get a couple-a-day things that everybody uses every day with\nthe \naverage-body; and this will eventually grow stronger; I'm not saying the\naverage person will \nnever, but just one-size, only use it; I only know that in real-world usage as\nthe actual market \ngrows, which is very good, it will grow stronger and stronger for the trader.\nWhat happened \nrecently in Canada? They only use one tradeable asset at a time, so that every\nsingle person \nuses that for a few months. Now just in Canada, it goes as one tradeable asset\nat a time, so that \nevery single stock gets one, but now it's much bigger; this is actually\nbecause a lot of the \ncompanies that I mentioned are going to be big and huge. But even in the short\nrun it's so big \nthat everybody uses the asset and it ends up getting larger. So it's not easy\nsimply because the \nnew people in Canada that I mentioned didn't buy a bunch of goods or a lot of\nstuff, you know \nthey're very easy to use, that even in just a few minutes every buyer doesn't\neven need to trade \na single thing. The problem is that the most simple solution is that they all\nget one \"totale\" and \nthen a \"nope,\" etcetera. No such problems exist. I am afraid that this will\ncreate a world of \nproblems too. So all that this stuff is making our economy do and doesn't work\nis what it is \u00e2\u20ac\u201c \na market that people now understand: it all depends on who you think is\nthinking about the \nproblem you're trying to solve. So when it gets more and more interesting:\nmore and more \npeople want all sorts of products and even if these products are useful then\npeople will also get \nthem. But this all gets complicated because some people actually use very\nlarge quantities \n(often for simple things, usually even to buy coffee) so they will never get a\nhuge stock because \nthey won't sell their goods. Now this is where all the problems that I\nmentioned are going to get \nsolved. So even this, though, does still require some solutions. In Canada\nthat's something \nvery, very easy to understand, and I would like to see a broader discussion\ngoing forward. So \nhopefully in the meantime people don't see this going to a \"realisation\" level\nlike in the US for \nexample. I don't expect that people will actually create these very large\nexchanges, though, not \na single one will create such exchanges at some point, though (though). Not\nthat that's going to \nhappen all the time, after all, there is only so much you can do in a small\ncommunity.\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 694548, "type": "text", "content": "Fixing Global Finance 55\n\n\n \n\n# 5\n\n\n# Financial Derivatives and the Globalization of Risk\n\n\nA derivative product is a contract, the value of which depends on (i.e., \n\u201cderived\u201d from) the price of some underlying asset (e.g., an interest level \nor stock market index). Financial derivatives are financial contracts whose \nvalue is based upon the value of other underlying financial assets such as \nstocks, bonds, mortgages or foreign exchange. They are contractual \nagreements for future exchange of assets whose present value are equal. \nHowever, the value of the derivatives will change over the term of the \ncontract as market valuation change the value of each side of the contract. \nThe key element in these derivatives is that one can buy and sell all the risk \nof an underlying asset without trading the asset itself.\n\n\n \n\nTrading in derivatives related to raw minerals and goods dates back to \n17th century, as witnessed in the case of tulip bulbs in Holland and rice in \nJapan. The financial derivatives began in 1972 with currency trading. Stock- \nindex futures trading began in 1982, and trading in interest-rate futures \ncommenced in 1988.\n\n\n# The Exponential Growth\n\n\n \n\nDerivatives market grew exponentially during the 1990s and quintupled \nbetween 2002 and 2008. Interest rates instruments dominate the world of \nfinancial derivatives, accounting for 71 percent of global notional value. \nAt present, financial derivative markets are not restricted to developed \ncountries alone. A number of developing countries allow trading in \nfinancial derivative instruments.\n\n\n \n\nTrading in financial derivatives products is also distance-less and \nborderless. Financial derivatives are either transacted over-the-counter \n(OTC) or traded at exchanges. The global OTC derivatives trading is \nconcentrated in the UK and US. The UK alone accounted for 43 percent of \nglobal turnover in 2007. There are specialist exchanges (e.g., London \nInternational Financial Futures Exchange) in which financial derivatives\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1676589, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='19' style='font-size:16px'>Table of Contents</header>\n<p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>18.COMMODITY AND OTHER DERIVATIVE CONTRACTUAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES</p>\n<p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Strategic Use of Derivatives</p>\n<p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>We transact in derivative instruments, such as options, swaps, futures and forward contracts, to manage commodity price and interest rate risk. See Note 17<br>for a discussion of the fair value of derivatives.</p>\n<p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Commodity Hedging and Trading Activity \u2014 We utilize natural gas and electricity derivatives to reduce exposure to changes in electricity prices primarily<br>to hedge future revenues from electricity sales from our generation assets. We also utilize short-term electricity, natural gas, coal, fuel oil, uranium and emissions<br>derivative instruments for fuel hedging and other purposes. Counterparties to these transactions include energy companies, financial institutions, electric utilities,<br>independent power producers, oil and gas producers, local distribution companies and energy marketing companies. Unrealized gains and losses arising from<br>changes in the fair value of derivative instruments as well as realized gains and losses upon settlement of the instruments are reported in our statements of<br>consolidated income (loss) in operating revenues and fuel, purchased power costs and delivery fees in the Successor period and net gain from commodity hedging<br>and trading activities in the Predecessor period.</p>\n<p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Interest Rate Swaps \u2014 Interest rate swap agreements are used to reduce exposure to interest rate changes by converting floating-rate interest rates to fixed<br>rates, thereby hedging future interest costs and related cash flows. Unrealized gains and losses arising from changes in the fair value of the swaps are reported in<br>our statements of consolidated income (loss) in interest expense and related charges.</p>\n<p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Financial Statement Effects of Derivatives</p>\n<br><p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Substantially all derivative contractual assets and liabilities are accounted for under mark-to-market accounting consistent with accounting standards related<br>to derivative instruments and hedging activities. The following tables provide detail of derivative contractual assets and liabilities as reported in our consolidated<br>balance sheets at December 31, 2018 and 2017 . Derivative asset and liability totals represent the net value of the contract, while the balance sheet totals represent<br>the gross value of the contract.</p>\n<p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>December 31, 2018</p>\n<br><table id='28' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td></td><td colspan=\"2\">Derivative Assets</td><td colspan=\"2\">Derivative Liabilities</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Commodity Contracts</td><td>Interest Rate Swaps</td><td>Commodity Contracts</td><td>Interest Rate Swaps</td><td>Total</td></tr><tr><td>Current assets</td><td>$ 707</td><td>$ 22</td><td>$ 1</td><td>$ \u2014</td><td>$ 730</td></tr><tr><td>Noncurrent assets</td><td>54</td><td>55</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>109</td></tr><tr><td>Current liabilities</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>(1,374)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(1,376)</td></tr><tr><td>Noncurrent liabilities</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>(238)</td><td>(32)</td><td>(270)</td></tr><tr><td>Net assets (liabilities)</td><td>$ 761</td><td>$ 77</td><td>$ (1,611)</td><td>$ (34)</td><td>$ (807)</td></tr></table>\n<p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>December 31, 2017</p>\n<br><table id='30' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td></td><td colspan=\"2\">Derivative Assets</td><td colspan=\"2\">Derivative Liabilities</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Commodity Contracts</td><td>Interest Rate Swaps</td><td>Commodity Contracts</td><td>Interest Rate Swaps</td><td>Total</td></tr><tr><td>Current assets</td><td>$ 190</td><td>$ \u2014</td><td>$ \u2014</td><td>$ \u2014</td><td>$ 190</td></tr><tr><td>Noncurrent assets</td><td>30</td><td>22</td><td>2</td><td>4</td><td>58</td></tr><tr><td>Current liabilities</td><td>\u2014</td><td>(4)</td><td>(216)</td><td>(4)</td><td>(224)</td></tr><tr><td>Noncurrent liabilities</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>(102)</td><td>\u2014</td><td>(102)</td></tr><tr><td>Net assets (liabilities)</td><td>$ 220</td><td>$ 18</td><td>$ (316)</td><td>$ \u2014</td><td>$ (78)</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='31' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>At December 31, 2018 and 2017 , there were no derivative positions accounted for as cash flow or fair value hedges.</p>\n<footer id='32' style='font-size:20px'>145</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Given that derivative use peaked at 1% involvement in 2013, compare this level of involvement across the years to deduce the trend.	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 80, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["tabular reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 3632487, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(ix) In the event of any amendment or waiver of a provision of this<br>Disclosure Agreement, a description of such amendment or waiver in the next Annual Report,<br>and in each case shall include, as applicable, a narrative explanation of the reason for the<br>amendment or waiver and its impact on the type (or, in the case of a change in accounting<br>principles, on the presentation) of financial information or operating data being presented by the<br>Issuer. In addition, if the amendment relates to the accounting principles to be followed in<br>preparing financial statements: (i) notice of such change shall be given in the same manner as for<br>a Listed Event under Section 6(b); and (ii) the Annual Report for the year in which the change is<br>made should present a comparison (in narrative form and also, if feasible, in quantitative form)<br>between the financial statements as prepared on the basis of the new accounting principles and<br>those prepared on the basis of the former accounting principles.</p>\n<br><p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>To the extent any of the items set forth in subsections (i) through (vii) above are included<br>in the Audited Financial Statements referred to in subsection (viii) above, they do not have to be<br>separately set forth (unless Audited Financial Statements are being delivered more than 180 days<br>after the close of the Issuer's Fiscal Year pursuant to Section 3(a) hereof). Any or all of the items<br>listed above may be incorporated by reference from other documents, including limited offering<br>memorandums and official statements of debt issues of the Issuer or related public entities,<br>which have been submitted to the MSRB or the SEC. If the document incorporated by reference<br>is a final limited offering memorandum or official statement, it must be available from the<br>MSRB. The Issuer shall clearly identify each such other document so incorporated by reference.</p>\n<br><p id='39' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(b) The Issuer and each Obligated Person agree to supply, in a timely fashion,<br>any information reasonably requested by the Dissemination Agent that is necessary in order for<br>the Dissemination Agent to carry out its duties under this Disclosure Agreement. The Issuer<br>acknowledges and agrees that the information to be collected and disseminated by the<br>Dissemination Agent will be provided by the Issuer, Obligated Persons and others. The<br>Dissemination Agent's duties do not include authorship or production of any materials, and the<br>Dissemination Agent shall have no responsibility hereunder for the content of the information<br>provided to it by the Issuer, an Obligated Person or others as thereafter disseminated by the<br>Dissemination Agent.</p>\n<br><p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(c) Any Annual Financial Information containing modified operating data or<br>financial information is required to explain, in narrative form, the reasons for the modification<br>and the impact of the change in the type of operating data or financial information being<br>provided.</p>\n<p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>5. Quarterly Reports.</p>\n<p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(a) Each Obligated Person (other than the Issuer), or the Developer or the<br>Builder on behalf of any other Obligated Person that fails to execute an Assignment (as<br>hereinafter defined), shall provide an electronic copy of the Quarterly Report to the<br>Dissemination Agent no later than fifteen (15) days prior to the Quarterly Filing Date. Promptly<br>upon receipt of an electronic copy of the Quarterly Report, but in any event within ten (10) days<br>after receipt thereof, the Dissemination Agent shall provide a Quarterly Report to the Repository.</p>\n<footer id='43' style='font-size:14px'>6</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 159939, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='115' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>1 .2836 NOTIFICATIONS OF MONITORING, REPORTING & RECORDKEEPING.</p>\n<h1 id='116' style='font-size:14px'>5</h1>\n<br><h1 id='117' style='font-size:14px'>6</h1>\n<br><h1 id='118' style='font-size:14px'>7</h1>\n<br><h1 id='119' style='font-size:14px'>8</h1>\n<h1 id='120' style='font-size:14px'>9</h1>\n<br><p id='121' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>10</p>\n<p id='122' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>11</p>\n<br><p id='123' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>12</p>\n<br><p id='124' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>13</p>\n<br><p id='125' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>14</p>\n<p id='126' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>17</p>\n<br><p id='127' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>18</p>\n<br><p id='128' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>19</p>\n<br><p id='129' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>20</p>\n<p id='130' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>21</p>\n<br><p id='131' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>22</p>\n<br><p id='132' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>23</p>\n<br><p id='133' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>24</p>\n<br><p id='134' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>25</p>\n<br><p id='135' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>26</p>\n<br><p id='136' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>27</p>\n<br><p id='137' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>28</p>\n<p id='138' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>29</p>\n<br><p id='139' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>30</p>\n<br><p id='140' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>31</p>\n<br><p id='141' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>32</p>\n<br><p id='142' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>33</p>\n<br><p id='143' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>2 The CO2 authorized account representative for a CO2 budget unit shall submit written notice to<br>3 the Division and the Administrator in accordance with 40 CFR 75.61.</p>\n<p id='144' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>34</p>\n<br><p id='145' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>35</p>\n<br><h1 id='146' style='font-size:16px'>4 .2837 RECORDKEEPING AND REPORTING.</h1>\n<p id='147' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>36</p>\n<br><p id='148' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>(a) General provisions. The CO2 authorized account representative shall comply with all<br>recordkeeping and reporting requirements in this Rule, the applicable recordkeeping and<br>reporting requirements under 40 CFR 75.73 and with the requirements of 15A N.C.A.C.<br>2D .2808(e).</p>\n<p id='149' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>(c) Certification applications. The CO2 authorized account representative shall submit an<br>application to the Division within 45 days after completing all CO2 monitoring system<br>initial certification or recertification tests required under Rule .2834 including the<br>information required under 40 CFR 75.63 and 40 CFR 75.53(g) and (h).</p>\n<br><p id='150' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>(b) Monitoring plans. The owner or operator of a CO2 budget unit shall submit a monitoring<br>plan in the manner prescribed in 40 CFR 75.62.</p>\n<p id='151' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>15 (d) Quarterly reports. The CO2 authorized account representative shall submit quarterly<br>16 reports, as follows:</p>\n<br><p id='152' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>(1) The CO2 authorized account representative shall report the CO2 mass<br>emissions data for the CO2 budget unit, in an electronic format prescribed<br>by the Administrator unless otherwise prescribed by the Division for each<br>calendar quarter.</p>\n<br><p id='153' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>(2) The CO2 authorized account representative shall submit each quarterly<br>report to the Division or its agent within 30 days following the end of the<br>calendar quarter covered by the report. Quarterly reports shall be submitted<br>in the manner specified in Subpart H of 40 CFR part 75 and 40 CFR<br>75.64. Quarterly reports shall be submitted for each CO2 budget unit (or<br>group of units using a common stack), and shall include all of the data and<br>information required in Subpart G of 40 CFR part 75, except for opacity,<br>heat input, NOx, and SO2 provisions.</p>\n<br><p id='154' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>(3) Compliance certification. The CO2 authorized account representative shall<br>submit to the Division or its agent a compliance certification in support of<br>each quarterly report based on reasonable inquiry of those persons with<br>primary responsibility for ensuring that all of the unit\u2019s emissions are<br>correctly and fully monitored. The certification shall state that:</p>\n<br><p id='155' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The monitoring data submitted were recorded in accordance with the<br>applicable requirements of this Subpart and 40 CFR part 75,<br>including the quality assurance procedures and specifications;</p>\n<footer id='156' style='font-size:20px'>Page 52</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 130864, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='89' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(a) All churches which are not General Council a\ufb03liated shall be NCAG a\ufb03liated.</p>\n<p id='90' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(b) Churches having NCAG a\ufb03lia6on shall recognize an obliga6on to the NCAG, shall<br>maintain proper doctrinal standards, and shall be seeking to achieve spiritual and<br>\ufb01nancial maturity.</p>\n<p id='91' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(c) NCAG a\ufb03liated churches shall operate under the Cons6tu6on and/or Bylaws provided<br>by NCAG.</p>\n<p id='92' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(d) NCAG a\ufb03liated churches shall \ufb01le a quarterly report of ac6vi6es, or as prescribed by the<br>Board of Trustees.</p>\n<h1 id='93' style='font-size:14px'>SECTION 5. CHURCH PLANTING</h1>\n<p id='94' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Church plan6ng shall be under the supervision of the Superintendent who shall appoint<br>directors and consultants as needed. A new church plant or recogni6on of an exis6ng church<br>applying for NCAG or General Council a\ufb03lia6on shall require the approval of the Board of<br>Trustees.</p>\n<h1 id='95' style='font-size:14px'>SECTION 6. PREROGATIVES AND OBLIGATIONS</h1>\n<br><p id='96' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(a) A General Council a\ufb03liated church shall be self-governing, hold property in its own<br>name, call its own minister, and administer its programs as necessary and proper.</p>\n<p id='97' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(b) A NCAG a\ufb03liated church shall be deeded to and held in the name of the NCAG.</p>\n<p id='98' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(c) No property of a NCAG church which is held in the name of NCAG shall be mortgaged or<br>in any way encumbered without a two-thirds vote of the congrega6on and \ufb01nal approval<br>of the Board of Trustees.</p>\n<p id='99' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(d) The pastor of a NCAG a\ufb03liated church shall be elected by the local assembly according<br>to the Cons6tu6on and/or Bylaws for NCAG A\ufb03liated Churches.</p>\n<h1 id='100' style='font-size:14px'>S ECTION 7. AFFILIATION REVERSAL</h1>\n<br><p id='101' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(a) A General Councill a\ufb03liated church whose ac6ve vo6ng membership shall decrease to<br>less than twenty, or which for other good and su\ufb03cient reasons shall disqualify as a<br>General Council church, shall revert to NCAG a\ufb03lia6on.</p>\n<p id='102' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(b) General Council a\ufb03liated churches which shall revert to NCAG a\ufb03lia6on shall be<br>expected to return to their former status through provisions as herein stated.</p>\n<p id='103' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>SECTION 8. INTERVENTION OF THE NCAG IN A LOCAL ASSEMBLY</p>\n<footer id='104' style='font-size:14px'>17</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2176527, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='2' style='font-size:20px'>INTRODUCTION</h1>\n<h1 id='3' style='font-size:16px'>MONTANA ANNUAL AFFILIATED INTEREST REPORT</h1>\n<p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>A ttached is the 2015 Affiliated Interest Report. This report covers affiliate transactions for the<br>year 2014.</p>\n<p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>T his report is offered to satisfy the Affiliated Interest Reporting requirements agreed upon in the<br>Stipulation and Report of Qwest Corporation, Inc. and the Montana Consumer Counsel approved<br>by the Montana Public Service Commission in Order No. 5354g, issued February 4, 1994.</p>\n<p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>T he requirements under this agreement are:</p>\n<p id='7' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Annual Reporting of intrastate amounts paid by QC to affiliates and by affiliates to QC;</p>\n<p id='8' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Information regarding creation and dissolution of affiliates whose operations affect Montana,<br>and new or changed affiliate contracts having a Montana intrastate effect of $250,000 or<br>more;</p>\n<p id='9' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 A list of intrastate dollar amounts charged to Montana for research performed by Advanced<br>Technologies;</p>\n<p id='10' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Information from QC's cost manual pursuant to Part 64 rules; (Due to the FCC forbearance<br>(FCC 08-203), 2007 was the last cost manual filed);</p>\n<p id='11' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Annual balance sheets and income statements;</p>\n<p id='12' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 FCC reports under the Automated Reporting Management Information System (ARMIS) (Due<br>to the FCC forbearance (FCC 08-203), 2007 reports were the last reports filed.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 130863, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='75' style='font-size:14px'>SECTION 1. CLASSIFICATION OF ASSEMBLIES</h1>\n<p id='76' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Churches of the NCAG shall be classi\ufb01ed as General Council a\ufb03liated, NCAG a\ufb03liated, parent<br>a\ufb03liated, and coopera6ng assemblies.</p>\n<h1 id='77' style='font-size:14px'>SECTION 2. QUALIFICATIONS FOR GENERAL COUNCIL AFFILIATION</h1>\n<br><p id='78' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(a) Churches which desire to a\ufb03liate with the General Council of the Assemblies of God<br>shall have at least twenty vo6ng members.</p>\n<p id='79' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(b) Churches desiring a\ufb03lia6on must have an adequate number of spiritually quali\ufb01ed<br>members to \ufb01ll the o\ufb03ces of the church called for in its Cons6tu6on and/or Bylaws.</p>\n<p id='80' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(c) Churches desiring a\ufb03lia6on must recognize their obliga6on to the Fellowship as a whole,<br>maintain proper doctrinal standards, and must have achieved spiritual and \ufb01nancial<br>maturity. The church must accept all current and long-term \ufb01nancial obliga6ons, and<br>thereby release NCAG from all loan guarantees rela6ng to the Assembly.</p>\n<p id='81' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(d) A\ufb03liated churches shall adopt a Cons6tu6on and Bylaws sa6sfactory to NCAG and to the<br>General Council of the Assembly of God, and must agree to be governed by them.</p>\n<p id='82' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(e) Churches which shall have meet the quali\ufb01ca6ons for a\ufb03lia6on shall be approved by the<br>Board of Trustees, which shall provide a\ufb03lia6on procedures as outlined in General<br>Council Bylaws ARTICLE VI. ASSEMBLIES.</p>\n<p id='83' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>SECTION 3. PROCEDURE FOR GENERAL COUNCIL AFFILIATION</p>\n<p id='84' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(a) An exis6ng mature church that desires to a\ufb03liate with the General Council of the<br>Assemblies of God shall apply to the Superintendent\u2019s o\ufb03ce for guidance and assistance.<br>The Superintendent\u2019s o\ufb03ce shall provide an approved applica6on form and procedural<br>instruc6ons.</p>\n<p id='85' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(b) The applica6on for General Council a\ufb03lia6on shall be presented to the Board of Trustees<br>for approval with an o\ufb03cial governance document; i.e., Cons6tu6on and/or Bylaws,<br>acceptable to the NCAG.</p>\n<p id='86' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(c) Upon approval by the Board of Trustees, the applica6on for a\ufb03lia6on shall be forwarded<br>to the general secretary of The General Council of the Assemblies of God. Recogni6on of<br>a\ufb03lia6on shall occur under receipt by the assembly of a leVer of recogni6on and a<br>Cer6\ufb01cate of A\ufb03lia6on issued by the General Secretary.</p>\n<p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>SECTION 4. QUALIFICATIONS FOR NCAG AFFILIATION</p>\n<footer id='88' style='font-size:14px'>16</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 130865, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='105' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(a) While the right of a local assembly to self-government is a basic General Council<br>principle, it is also recognized that the assembly has a responsibility to the NCAG and<br>General Council; and both councils have a responsibility to the assembly. Some of the<br>circumstances which require interven6on by the NCAG o\ufb03ciary include:</p>\n<p id='106' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>1. Division resul6ng in disrup6on.</p>\n<p id='107' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>2. Assump6on of dictatorial authority by a pastor of board.</p>\n<p id='108' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>3. Prolonged absence of pastoral leadership.</p>\n<p id='109' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>4. Devia6on or departure from Assemblies of God doctrines, principles, and prac6ces.</p>\n<p id='110' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>5. AVempts to disa\ufb03liate from the Assemblies of God fellowship.</p>\n<p id='111' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>6. Any ac6vity that brings reproach upon the Assemblies of God.</p>\n<h1 id='112' style='font-size:14px'>(b) Interven6on Procedure</h1>\n<p id='113' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The NCAG o\ufb03ciary has the right to meet with the board or congrega6on. NCAG<br>interven6on may also be ini6ated in the following ways:</p>\n<p id='114' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>1. Request of the pastor.</p>\n<p id='115' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(c) NCAG Policy of Preserva6on for A\ufb03liated Churches</p>\n<p id='116' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>If a situa6on arises which require NCAG ini6a6ve and involvement, the Superintendent,<br>in consulta6on with the Board of Trustees, shall meet with the o\ufb03cial board, pastor,<br>and/or congrega6on to assist the church. The Execu6ve CommiVee may bring the church<br>under NCAG supervision with Board of Trustees approval if such an occasion arises in<br>which they feel it necessary to preserve the assembly. The church shall have the right of<br>appeal according to the General Council Cons6tu6on ARTICLE XI. Local Assemblies,<br>Sec6on 1, c.</p>\n<h1 id='117' style='font-size:14px'>ARTICLE XVI. PROPERTY RIGHTS</h1>\n<h1 id='118' style='font-size:14px'>SECTION 1.</h1>\n<br><p id='119' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>All property, real or chaVel, shall be taken, held, sold, transferred, or conveyed in the corporate<br>name of the NCAG or any of its subsidiaries; i.e., NCAG, or any of its subsidiaries\u2019 names, and<br>shall be under the management of the Board of Trustees.</p>\n<h1 id='120' style='font-size:14px'>SECTION 2.</h1>\n<footer id='121' style='font-size:14px'>18</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3645432, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='80' style='font-size:20px'>80</header>\n<br><p id='81' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>1 tional Aeronautics and Space Administration shall provide<br>2 to the Committees on Appropriations of the House of Rep-<br>3 resentatives and the Senate a quarterly report on the sta-<br>4 tus of balances of appropriations at the account level. For<br>5 unobligated, uncommitted balances and unobligated, com-<br>6 mitted balances the quarterly reports shall separately<br>7 identify the amounts attributable to each source year of<br>8 appropriation from which the balances were derived. For<br>9 balances that are obligated, but unexpended, the quarterly<br>10 reports shall separately identify amounts by the year of<br>11 obligation.<br>12 (b) The report described in subsection (a) shall be<br>13 submitted within 30 days of the end of the first quarter<br>14 of fiscal year 2013, and subsequent reports shall be sub-<br>15 mitted within 30 days of the end of each quarter there-<br>16 after.<br>17 (c) If a department or agency is unable to fulfill any<br>18 aspect of a reporting requirement described in subsection<br>19 (a) due to a limitation of a current accounting system,<br>20 the department or agency shall fulfill such aspect to the<br>21 maximum extent practicable under such accounting sys-<br>22 tem and shall identify and describe in each quarterly re-<br>23 port the extent to which such aspect is not fulfilled.<br>24 SEC. 508. Any costs incurred by a department or</p>\n<br><h1 id='82' style='font-size:18px'>BILLS</h1>\n<br><p id='83' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>with</p>\n<br><p id='84' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>25 agency funded under this Act resulting from, or to pre-</p>\n<br><p id='85' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>DSK4VPTVN1PROD</p>\n<br><p id='86' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>on</p>\n<br><p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>mstockstill VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:32 May 14, 2012 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00080 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\\BILLS\\H5326.PCS H5326</p>\n<br><footer id='88' style='font-size:16px'>HR 5326 PCS</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 130866, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='122' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(a) Real property, for the use or bene\ufb01t of the en6re NCAG, shall not be purchased or sold<br>unless \ufb01rst authorized by a majority vote of the membership present at any regular or<br>special session of the council.</p>\n<p id='123' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(b) Such property may be leased, mortgaged, or rented as the need arises when authorized<br>by a majority vote of the Board of Trustees.</p>\n<h1 id='124' style='font-size:14px'>SECTION 3.</h1>\n<br><p id='125' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(a) Other property, real of chaVel, acquired for the purpose of promo6ng and establishing<br>NCAG a\ufb03liated churches may be sold, transferred, leased, rented, conveyed, or<br>mortgaged in the corporate name of NCAG when authorized by a majority vote the<br>Board of Trustees. All proceeds received from the property shall be used at the<br>discre6on of the Board of Trustees.</p>\n<p id='126' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(b) The proper6es of all churches not a\ufb03liated with the General Council shall be held in the<br>corporate name of the NCAG which shall have full power and authority to take and hold<br>such property, whether gil or purchase. Upon a\ufb03lia6on with the General Council, the<br>6tle of all property, real and personal (whether gil or purchase), and all indebtedness<br>thereupon, immediately, and automa6cally shall be transferred to and vested in the<br>o\ufb03cial name of the duly recognized General Council a\ufb03liated church.</p>\n<p id='127' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>SECTION 4. Church property rever6ng to the NCAG, because of a local assembly ceasing to<br>func6on as a church body, may be sold, transferred, leased, mortgaged, rented, or conveyed in<br>the corporate name of the NCAG while authorized by a two-thirds vote of the Board of Trustees.<br>All proceeds received from such property shall be used at the discre6on of the Board of<br>Trustees.</p>\n<p id='128' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>SECTION 5. When required, the Assistant Superintendent/Secretary shall aVach a cer6\ufb01ed copy<br>of the minutes of the mee6ng in which authoriza6on for conveyance, lease, contract, or<br>mortgage shall have been authorized by vote of the membership of the NCAG, Board of<br>Trustees, or the Execu6ve O\ufb03cers as the case may be. Such a cer6\ufb01cate shall be held to be<br>conclusive evidence thereof.</p>\n<h1 id='129' style='font-size:14px'>SECTION 6.</h1>\n<br><p id='130' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(a) In the event this NCAG shall cease to func6on for the purposes herein set forth, then all<br>property, real or chaVel, and all assets remaining aler sa6sfying debts and obliga6ons<br>shall revert to the parent body. The General Council of the Assemblies of God, a<br>Missouri not-for-pro\ufb01t corpora6on with headquarters at Spring\ufb01eld, Missouri. The<br>General Council of the Assemblies of God shall have full authority to sell such property<br>and to use the proceeds for the extension of the work of the Assemblies of God.</p>\n<p id='131' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(b) In the event of cessa6on, its board of trustees shall transfer all proper6es and any<br>remaining assets, in accordance with the foregoing provisions, within one year aler the</p>\n<footer id='132' style='font-size:14px'>19</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 130867, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='133' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>date of such cessa6on. If such transfer is not made within the 6me prescribed above or<br>if the aforesaid General Council shall be unable or unwilling to accept the aforesaid<br>transfer, then disposi6on thereof shall be made by the court of the county in which the<br>NCAG headquarters o\ufb03ce is located, providing that in such case, proceeds of dissolu6on<br>shall be distributed to organiza6ons having purposes nearest the purposes of the<br>Assemblies of God.</p>\n<h1 id='134' style='font-size:14px'>ARTICLE XVII. NCAG DIVISIONS</h1>\n<h1 id='135' style='font-size:14px'>SECTION 1.</h1>\n<p id='136' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>NCAG shall be comprised of eight (8) geographical regions as determined by the NCAG O\ufb03cers<br>in consulta6on with the Board of Trustees and reported to the cons6tuency.</p>\n<h1 id='137' style='font-size:14px'>SECTION 2. Non-Regional Ethnic Fellowships.</h1>\n<h1 id='138' style='font-size:14px'>NCAG recognizes the following Ethnic Fellowships:</h1>\n<p id='139' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(a) Hispanic Fellowship, which shall consist of the en6re Hispanic popula6on of the state.</p>\n<p id='140' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(b) Na6ve American Fellowship, which shall consist of the en6re Na6ve American<br>popula6on of the state.</p>\n<p id='141' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Directors of NCAG Ethnic Fellowships shall be nominated by the Superintendent in consulta6on<br>with the Execu6ve CommiVee and ra6\ufb01ed by the ministers and church delegates present at a<br>duly called mee6ng of that fellowship.</p>\n<h1 id='142' style='font-size:14px'>ARTICLE XVIII. LOAN FUND</h1>\n<h1 id='143' style='font-size:14px'>SECTION 1. AUTHORIZATION</h1>\n<p id='144' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>NCAG, is authorized to create and operate a Church Loan Fund and other such funds for the<br>primary purpose of making loans to Assemblies of God churches and related en66es for church<br>construc6on, rebuilding, remodeling, and other such needs. The funds may be operated within<br>NCAG, or through a separate non-pro\ufb01t corpora6on, the directors or trustees of which are<br>appointed by the Execu6ve CommiVee and ra6\ufb01ed by the Board of Trustees.</p>\n<h1 id='145' style='font-size:14px'>SECTION 2. LOAN COMMITTEE</h1>\n<p id='146' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>For the funds operated within NCAG, there shall be a loan commiVee, or commiVees, of at least<br>three members, each appointed by the Execu6ve CommiVee and ra6\ufb01ed by the Board of<br>Trustees. The loan commiVee members shall serve for terms of three years. The \ufb01rst<br>appointment shall be as follows: one member shall serve for one year; one member shall serve</p>\n<footer id='147' style='font-size:14px'>20</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2351137, "type": "text", "content": "The Chairman stated that the Parish Council had been advised that the EA would\nnot remove \nfallen trees from the river unless they proved to be a flood risk. \nThe Chairman reported that he had been advised that someone had caught the\nowner of a \ntransit van in the layby next to the river dumping rubbish into the river.\nThis had been reported \nto NCC with details of the number plate.\n\n\n# 5 /19 MINUTES\n\n\nM embers were asked to approve the notes of the Parish Council meeting held on\n15 April 2019.\n\n\nI n relation to Minute 80/10 it was agreed that the situation regarding the\nSouthcroft Stables \napplication would be checked.\n\n\nF urther to Minute 81/18 it was reported that the bid from the Playing Fields\nhad not been \nsuccessful. The reasons required examination and the bid would be re-submitted\nlater. \nIn relation to Minute 82/19 (ii) regarding events cost recovery, Councillor\nBrown mentioned that \nthis would have an adverse impact on events such as the Northumbrian Gathering\nfrom next \nyear as they would have to pay for the road closures. \nFurther to Minute 85/18 it was reported that the handrail had been installed\nat the War Memorial \nand this had been met with approval. \nCouncillor Towns mentioned the reference to potholes that had been reported\nvia the NCC \nwebsite. He had been advised that the first stretch of Ulgham Lane was\nscheduled for a full \nprogramme of repairs. This could result in a short-term closure or traffic\nmanagement.\n\n\n# E SOLVED \u2013 The minutes be approved.\n\n\n# 6 /19 APPOINTMENTS TO OUTSIDE BODIES\n\n\nR ESOLVED - The following appointments to outside bodies were agreed:\n\n\n( i) Sisters Wind Farm Community Benefits Fund Committee \u2013 Councillor J Scott \n(ii) Ulgham Village Committee \u2013 All Councillors were members of this Committee\nthrough \nthe UVA or Playing Fields.\n\n\n \n\n(iii Druridge Bay Regeneration Partnership \u2013 Councillors Mrs H Shaw and Mrs L\nNewman \n(This Partnership had not met for some time and it was agreed to investigate\nthis further to see \nif it should be wound up).\n\n\n7 /19 ANNUAL GOVERNANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY RETURN 2018-19\n\n\nA copy of the Annual Governance and Accountability Return (AGAR) for 2018-19\nhad been \ncirculated to Councillors. Councillors were asked to consider and agree the\nvarious sections of \nAGAR and to approve the draft annual accounts for 2018-19.\n\n\n2\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	An NCAG church logs its activities quarterly but is advised to transition to an annual reporting system instead. What impacts might this decision have on its affiliation adherence?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 81, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["temporal reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 2645942, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='12' style='font-size:14px'>TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS OF AMBULATION</h1>\n<br><header id='13' style='font-size:16px'>25</header>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>the same temporal pattern will result. ITSACORR and SMA ignore the possibility that<br>substantial positive lag 1 autocorrelation can occur from a variety of processes other than<br>an AR(1), such as higher-order stochastic processes, linear or curvilinear functions with<br>fixed parameters, or non-linear functions with variable parameters. For example, neither<br>approach considers adaptation to self-monitoring characterised by a curvilinear<br>deterministic trend with an early slope that levels out (e.g., Haynes & Wilson, 1979;<br>Matevey, Rogers, Dawson, & Tudor-Locke, 2006; Matyas & Greenwood, 1997), or<br>habituation to self-monitoring, which is usually non-linear, characterised by smooth,<br>negatively accelerating curves (e.g., Mazur & Hastie, 1978; Thurstone, 1930).<br>ITSACORR and SMA make no allowances for these temporal patterns, assuming a linear<br>baseline model, which is concerning as self-monitoring is a frequently applied in<br>psychological research (Elliot, Miltenberger, Kaster-Bundgaard, & Lumley, 1996).<br>Importantly, simulations conducted by Borckardt et al. (2008) and Crosbie (1993, 1995)<br>failed to generate series based on alternative models capable of producing lag 1<br>autocorrelation, and ignored the need for autocorrelation at all available lags to be<br>considered to capture the true nature of a series (Matyas & Greenwood, 1997). For<br>example, failing to investigate autocorrelation at later lags, such as lag 7, precludes the<br>possibility of identifying weekly cyclicity, which reportedly exists in walking patterns<br>(e.g., Togo et al., 2008; Tudor-Locke et al., 2004). When seasonal cycles are not<br>removed, the residual variance will be of a larger magnitude than if seasonality was<br>controlled. Consequently, this impacts the power to detect intervention effects, resulting<br>in decreased sensitivity of analysis.</p>\n<br><p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>While SMA and ITSACORR include control for lag 1 autocorrelation, there is<br>no attempt to control for series that have autocorrelation at later lags such as second-order<br>stochastic processes with moving average or autoregressive components, or linear and<br>non-linear deterministic models. Theoretically, controlling lag 1 autocorrelation when the</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2645574, "type": "text", "content": "18\n\n\n \n\nTIME-SERIES ANALYSIS OF AMBULATION\n\n\n \n\nof serial dependence, which is likely if there are carryover effects, can\ndisrupt this \napproach: randomisation designs depend on the assumption of no carryover\neffects \n(Edgington & Onghena, 2007; Kazdin, 1980). However, there appears to be no\nallowance \nfor detecting serial dependence before applying randomisation tests nor any\nmethod for \ntesting the validity of the model assumed for representation of the\nintervention effect. \nPrior investigations of the temporal form of the intervention effect for the\ntarget response \nwould thus be useful for this approach.\n\n\n \n\nImplicitly assumed time-series models are also evident in the split-middle \nmethod of trend estimation (White, 1974; White & Haring, 1980). This approach\ndivides \nthe baseline into two subphases before fitting a trend line through the median\nvalues of \nthe two halves (Edgington, 1987). The trend line is projected into the\nintervention phase, \ndetermining statistical significance by applying a binomial test comparing the\nproportion \nof observations above and below the line in both phases (Kazdin, 1982; Tukey,\n1978; \nWhite, 1974; White & Haring, 1980). A disadvantage of this approach is the\nassumed \nlinear trend continuing into the intervention phase (Ottenbacher, 1992)\nwithout \nconsidering possible other trends (i.e., curvilinear, logarithmic) or\nacknowledging the \nunlikelihood of a persistently increasing or decreasing linear trend. If the\nassumed linear \nmodel is an incorrect representation of the temporal pattern, this would\nintroduce \nadditional serial dependence and invalidate the use of the binomial\ndistribution, with \npositive (negative) autocorrelation increasing (decreasing) the probability of\nType I error \n(Crosbie, 1987).\n\n\n1.5.2 Other Suggestions to Bypass Model Identification\n\n\n \n\nGiven the reluctance to collect lengthy baselines in applied settings (Kazdin, \n1984; Marsh & Shibano, 1984), and despite the theoretical requirement for\nsound model \nidentification (see Section 1.4), analytic strategies have been suggested for\nbypassing this\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 843791, "type": "text", "content": "Nutrients 2020, 12, 3199\n\n\n \n7 of 17\n\n\nAdditional mixed e\ufb00ect linear regression models (with repeated measures for\ntasks 2 and 3) were \nconducted for shopping time to make successful food choices (excluding the\nintroductory task) taking \ninto consideration the labeling conditions, the di\ufb00erent task types, task\norder and consumers\u2019 HL levels. \nFor each task, two regression models on shopping time for successful food\nchoices were run, one for \ncomparison between control and FOPL arms combined, and another for the FOPL\narms (using arm1 as \nbaseline). Overall comparisons of shopping time to make successful food\nchoices combining all 3 tasks \ntogether were then conducted using regression models for comparison between\ncontrol and FOPL \narms combined, and another for the FOPL arms (using arm1 as baseline).\nDistributions of shopping \ntimes were not normally distributed, so the modeling procedure was also\nperformed on Box-Cox \ntransformed data and Wilcoxon nonparametric measures were used to con\ufb01rm the\nsigni\ufb01cance of the \ntreatment e\ufb00ect (Control vs. FOPL combined and for each FOPL arm).\n\n\n# 2.8.2. Eye Tracking Data Analysis\n\n\n \n\nResults for objective 2, attentional capture of FOPL, were examined by\nevaluating the time spent \non AOI for all participants and participants with positive \ufb01xations on AOI, by\nFOPL arm, task type \n(introductory task excluded), overall, and by success and failure. Eye-\ntracking data for TTTFF on AOI \non the front and back of food packages were compared between the FOPL arms for\neach task type. \nThis analysis was repeated for those who made successful food selections. Eye-\ntracking data was \nanalyzed to show if and for how long participants looked at the FOPL when\nmaking their food choices. \nInterview responses were compared to determine e\ufb03cacy of speci\ufb01c FOPL design\nelements for quick \nand easy guidance and food decision-making.\n\n\n \n\nEye-tracking data were skewed and required square root transformation to\nincrease data normality. \nBox-Cox transformation method was applied to the shopping time to increase\nnormality. A regression \nmodel was \ufb01tted with the transformed time set to be the response variable.\nCovariates of interest \nincluded study group (main e\ufb00ect), HL (candidate variable), and the order of\ntrials (for speci\ufb01c and \n\ufb01ndability tasks). For non-speci\ufb01c tasks we used the classical regression\nmodel as there was only \none trial. There were repeated trials for speci\ufb01c and \ufb01ndability tasks, so\nmixed e\ufb00ect modeling with \nrepeated measures (on the order of trials) together with unstructured\ncovariance matrix was used. \nThe p-values and signi\ufb01cance status of the e\ufb00ects were examined based on the\ntype 3 analysis of \ne\ufb00ects. Final model selection was based on the p-values of the e\ufb00ects, thus\nonly the main e\ufb00ect and the \nsigni\ufb01cant candidate e\ufb00ects were kept in the \ufb01nal model. Based on the \ufb01nal\nmodel, we also used Least \nSquared means pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni\u2019s adjustment to study the\ndi\ufb00erence between \nthe FOPL arms. Box-Cox transformations for participants with positive \ufb01xations\nwere used to analyze \nthe total time spent on FOPL and NFt. The modeling analysis was conducted for\neach of the three \ntasks overall and for success only. The results were con\ufb01rmed by Wilcoxon\nrank-sum tests.\n\n\n# 2.8.3. Interview Data Analysis\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1411467, "type": "text", "content": "5.3.5 Sensitivity analyses to confirm the results obtained from CEHQ-FFQ data\n\n\n \n\nSeveral sensitivity analyses were conducted to confirm the cross-sectional and\nlongitudinal \nresults described above. Since a parent from another country can influence the\ndietary \nhabits of the whole family, the first analysis was the adjustment for having\nat least one \nimmigrant parent. In addition, I adjusted for physical activity, which was not\nincluded in the \nmain model and which was assessed as the average number of hours spent playing \noutdoors, or the number of days spent in sports clubs every week. This\nadjustment helped \nme understand that energy expenditure did not affect the results. Since\nchildren\u2019s diet was \nreported by parents, I also adjusted for the number of meals consumed at home,\nas a proxy \nfor the number of meals under parental supervision. This analysis was\nnecessary because \nschool meals were not available in all countries or all ages. These\nadjustments confirmed \nboth cross-sectional and longitudinal results. In cross sectional analyses,\nresults were \nconfirmed to be non-statistically-significant for both WtHR and waist\ncircumference, \nwhereas for the association between the MDS and overweight including obesity\nthe results \nproduced an HR of 0.85 but 95% confidence intervals varied slightly between\n(0.76; 0.95) \nand (0.77; 0.94). Larger variations were observed for the percent fat mass\nwhere beta \nestimates varied between -0.16 (95% CI: -0.31; -0.01) and -0.25 (95% CI:\n-0.48; -0.02). Small \nvariations in both HR and 95% confidence intervals were observed for\nlongitudinal \nanalyses. More details about these results have been given in supplementary\ntables 1 and \n2 in Tognon et al. (2014a). \nThe longitudinal association with % fat mass became statistically significant\nafter\n\n\n \n\nadjustment for physical activity (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.76; 0.98, p = 0.045).\nExclusion of \nchildren characterised by the highest 5% of BMI, waist circumference, WtHR or\n% fat mass \n(according to which outcome was analysed) also confirmed all results.\n\n\n73\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2645557, "type": "text", "content": "TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS OF AMBULATION\n\n\n \n1\n\n\n# 1 CHAPTER ONE\n\n\n# 1.1 Overview\n\n\n \n\nThe aim of the current study was to examine the individual time-series of\ndaily \nstep counts accumulated by a sample of independently-living older adults over\na lengthy \nperiod in order to: characterise the naturally occurring temporal patterns,\nidentify the form \nand temporal patterns of the intervention response, and examine issues central\nto the \ndevelopment of a valid method for the statistical analysis of individual\nintervention \neffects. Specifically:\n\n\n \n\n1\\. Whether or not the walking data produced a homogeneous form of time- \nseries, and the consequences of the nature of the time-series for the \ndetection and evaluation of an intervention; \n2\\. The phase duration required to reflect the true temporal nature of the \nbehaviour; \n3\\. Whether the temporal pattern observed during intervention differed to that \nof baseline; \n4\\. The magnitude of intervention effect sizes for individuals; and, \n5\\. The ability of intervention gains to be maintained at a follow-up phase.\n\n\nCollecting and subsequently examining a lengthy series of observations\nprovides \nan opportunity to address a number of unresolved issues within time-series\nanalysis. For \nexample, there is a lack of consensus regarding the management of data\nexhibiting serial \ndependence, the necessity of model identification, and the techniques for\ndetecting \nintervention effects (Sections 1.3 and 1.4). Despite considerable support in\nthe literature \n(e.g., APA Presidential Task Force on Evidence-Based Practice, 2006; Barlow &\nHersen, \n1984; Kazdin, 1982, 1984, 1992; Skinner, 1938) single-case designs (SCDs)\nrepresent an\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 95647, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='53' style='font-size:14px'>\t</h1>\n<p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>impact on the older parents\u2019 morale. In light of the above studies, I aim to highlight<br>such intergenerational bonding through the lens of everyday life eating practices, with<br>reference to specific contextual life circumstances between an adult migrant son and<br>an ageing left-behind mother.</p>\n<p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Methodological Reflection: An autoethnographic vignette</p>\n<p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Personal feelings, beliefs and experiences are reflexive resources for researchers to<br>interpret meanings of social life (see Berger, 2015). Being an ethnographer and a<br>migrant son, I am in a position that has enabled me to make links between my<br>academic knowledge and my intimate experience and bonding with my parents.<br>Within this particular position, I am able to understand how my personal life and<br>relations are (re)shaped by everyday practices and interaction with members of my<br>family. Such an autoethnographic approach appears productive for me to make sense<br>of the complex interpersonal relations and different layers of socio-cultural meanings<br>underpinning our everyday practices that help construct our identities and<br>interpersonal relations within the family. Ettorre (2017:4) acknowledges that, \u2018doing<br>autoethnography, we give way to an intimate, intermediate space, which includes<br>ambiguity, uncertainty and equivocality.\u2019 I particularly appreciate Ettorre\u2019s (2017)<br>endorsement of autoethnography as a feminist methodological approach, in which the<br>story in an autoethnography is shared by the teller and the people in the story. The<br>story is \u2018a living, embodied crossroads of words, flesh, emotions, interpretations and<br>humanity\u2019 (Ettorre, 2017:6). Such an approach has enabled me to reflect on my own<br>biography in light of the intergenerational relations between my mother and myself in</p>\n<p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\t</p>\n<br><footer id='58' style='font-size:14px'>8\t</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 95648, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='59' style='font-size:14px'>\t</h1>\n<p id='60' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>developing reflexive interpretations and new insights into my mother\u2019s choice of<br>food, situated within a globally inflected socio-cultural context.</p>\n<p id='61' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>I selected a single episode of an everyday conversation with my mother about her<br>choice of food1, as an autoethnographic \u2018vignette\u2019 (see Humphreys, 2005:842). It has<br>become an intimate moment for me to capture personal, contextual and relational<br>meanings, derived from my position as an adult migrant son. It has also enabled me to<br>maintain a culturally reflexive analysis within a particular moment of the life course<br>that was shared between my mother and myself. Thus, the relationship of a left-<br>behind mother and a migrant son was constituted through active reflection on the<br>meaningful conversation in the \u2018vignette\u2019. In turn, I was able to make sense of myself<br>and of my mother (Ellis et al., 2011).</p>\n<p id='62' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Equally of significance, Ellis (2007) emphasises the notion of \u2018relational ethics\u2019 in<br>autoethnography with intimate others, such as family members, alongside the more<br>established procedural and situational ethics (see Guillemin and Gillam, 2004). As she<br>maintains, \u2018relational ethics requires researchers to act from our hearts and minds, to<br>acknowledge our interpersonal bonds to others, and initiate and maintain<br>conversations\u2019 (Ellis, 2007:4). She also highlights the importance of acknowledging<br>\u2018the reality and practice of changing relationships with our research participants over<br>time\u2019 (ibid.). This resonates with my own experience of talking to my mother about<br>the everyday food consumption, in relation to our changing life circumstances. It is<br>underlined by an ethical consideration based on reflexivity (see Ellis et al., 2011;<br>Humphreys, 2005), thus approaching the story with care and respect. For example, I<br>understand that my mother is getting older and my responsibility of looking after her</p>\n<p id='63' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\t</p>\n<br><footer id='64' style='font-size:14px'>9\t</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2645758, "type": "text", "content": "TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS OF AMBULATION 202 \nbarrier to adoption relates to the psychology of adherence, in particular how\nto use the \navailable technology to engage an individual in longer term self-monitoring to\nachieve \nlifestyle change. For instance, the frequency of SMS messaging, social media\ninteraction, \nthe design of appropriate \u201capps\u201d to prompt the participant, or how to overcome\nthe \nresistance of individuals to engage in long-term self-monitoring are issues\nyet to be \nresolved, with the potential applications of available technology remaining\nunrealised. \nImportantly, despite assumptions to the contrary, there is evidence that older\nadults accept \nnew forms of mobile communication services and wireless devices, and can\nrapidly adapt \nto its use with adequate training (Mikkonen, V\u00e4yrynen, Ikonen, & Heikkil\u00e4,\n2002). \nAttention should be directed at solving the problem of longer term adherence\nto \nmonitoring and maintenance of behaviour change rather than investigating\napproximately \nvalid statistical methods that will permit shorter phase durations.\n\n\n6.2.5 Abbreviated Versions of Baseline\n\n\nWhile the problems associated with relying on brief baselines can be\nanticipated, \nthe analyses of the current study investigated the magnitude by which an\nanalyst would be \nmistaken with reference to a four week intervention and lengthy baseline. As\nreported in \nChapter Four, investigation of short baselines of one or two weeks indicated\nthe tendency \nto exaggerate the absolute value of lag 1 autocorrelation which is likely to\nlead to an \ninappropriate adjustment for a fictitious effect, such as assuming an AR(1).\nWhile this \nmay be due in part to sample size effects on estimation of autocorrelation\n(Huitema & \nMcKean, 1991), the solution is not simply one of adjusting the estimation\nformula as \nthere were other serial dependencies present in the full baseline series that\nrequired \nmodelling (Chapter Two). The tendency to overcorrect autocorrelation by model \noverfitting is problematic (Greenwood & Matyas, 1990; Huitema, 1988),\npotentially \nintroducing trends that were not evident in the raw data, reducing the\naccuracy of t-tests,\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 569265, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='48' style='font-size:14px'>Cauble\u00a0et\u00a0al. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth (2021) 21:521</header>\n<br><header id='49' style='font-size:14px'>Page 5 of 13</header>\n<h1 id='50' style='font-size:18px'>Breastfeeding and\u00a0introduction of\u00a0solids</h1>\n<br><p id='51' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>At two weeks, two months, four months, and six<br>months postpartum, women were sent a REDCap<br>(REDCap, RRID:SCR_003445) [16, 17] survey. Women<br>answered questions regarding breastfeeding, use of for-<br>mula, and introduction or use of solid foods. This infor-<br>mation was used to classify breastfeeding status and<br>to assess timing of solid food introduction. For infants<br>less than four months of age, exclusive breastfeed-<br>ing was defined using the World Health Organization<br>(WHO) guidelines, which state that exclusively breast-<br>fed infants only receive human milk. No other liquids<br>or solids are given, not even water, with the exception<br>of oral rehydration solutions, drops/syrups, minerals,<br>or medicine [18]. We altered our definition of exclusive<br>breastfeeding after four months to encompass infants<br>being provided human milk only (no formula) but also<br>receiving solid foods. This was based on current recom-<br>mendations from the AAP stating that in combination<br>with providing only human milk, solid foods can begin<br>between four and six months of age, with developmen-<br>tal readiness as a guide [19]. If women did not meet the<br>criteria for \u201cexclusive breastfeeding\u201d but were offering</p>\n<br><p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>human milk to some extent, they were classified as \u201cany<br>breastfeeding.\u201d</p>\n<p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Structured interviews</p>\n<br><p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Immediately following intervention completion and at<br>six months postpartum, a structured interview was com-<br>pleted by those who participated in the intervention<br>to understand maternal acceptance of the intervention<br>including benefits and potential improvements. Struc-<br>tured interview questions are displayed in Table\u00a03.</p>\n<p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Data analysis</p>\n<br><p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Frequencies and proportions were calculated for all<br>categorical variables. Means and standard deviations<br>were calculated for all continuous variables. Continu-<br>ous variables were checked for normality. Exact bino-<br>mial confidence intervals were calculated for rates of<br>exclusive breastfeeding and any breastfeeding, and<br>x2<br>or Fisher\u2019s exact tests were used to compare rates<br>between groups. Mean duration and 95% CI of exclu-<br>sive breastfeeding and introduction of solids were<br>obtained via Kaplan\u2013Meier survival curves. An intent-<br>to-treat analysis was conducted, including any subjects</p>\n<h1 id='57' style='font-size:16px'>Table 3 Structured Interview Questions</h1>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2645935, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='24' style='font-size:16px'>18</header>\n<br><p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS OF AMBULATION</p>\n<br><p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>of serial dependence, which is likely if there are carryover effects, can disrupt this<br>approach: randomisation designs depend on the assumption of no carryover effects<br>(Edgington & Onghena, 2007; Kazdin, 1980). However, there appears to be no allowance<br>for detecting serial dependence before applying randomisation tests nor any method for<br>testing the validity of the model assumed for representation of the intervention effect.<br>Prior investigations of the temporal form of the intervention effect for the target response<br>would thus be useful for this approach.</p>\n<br><p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Implicitly assumed time-series models are also evident in the split-middle<br>method of trend estimation (White, 1974; White & Haring, 1980). This approach divides<br>the baseline into two subphases before fitting a trend line through the median values of<br>the two halves (Edgington, 1987). The trend line is projected into the intervention phase,<br>determining statistical significance by applying a binomial test comparing the proportion<br>of observations above and below the line in both phases (Kazdin, 1982; Tukey, 1978;<br>White, 1974; White & Haring, 1980). A disadvantage of this approach is the assumed<br>linear trend continuing into the intervention phase (Ottenbacher, 1992) without<br>considering possible other trends (i.e., curvilinear, logarithmic) or acknowledging the<br>unlikelihood of a persistently increasing or decreasing linear trend. If the assumed linear<br>model is an incorrect representation of the temporal pattern, this would introduce<br>additional serial dependence and invalidate the use of the binomial distribution, with<br>positive (negative) autocorrelation increasing (decreasing) the probability of Type I error<br>(Crosbie, 1987).</p>\n<p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>1.5.2 Other Suggestions to Bypass Model Identification</p>\n<br><p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Given the reluctance to collect lengthy baselines in applied settings (Kazdin,<br>1984; Marsh & Shibano, 1984), and despite the theoretical requirement for sound model<br>identification (see Section 1.4), analytic strategies have been suggested for bypassing this</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	If the research timeline extended over a period where the mother's choice of food changed significantly, how should the researcher approach the analysis to maintain temporal accuracy?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 84, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["temporal reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 221120, "type": "text", "content": "Housing Authority of the City of Austin\n\n\n \nHousing Choice Voucher Program\n\n\nwarped boards must be re-secured and made level. If they cannot be leveled,\nthey \nmust be replaced.\n\n\n \n\nA ll floors must be in a finished state. Raw wood or unsealed concrete is not \npermitted.\n\n\n \n\nA ll floors should have some type of base shoe, trim, or sealing for a\n\"finished \nlook.\" Vinyl base shoe is permitted.\n\n\n \n\n# S inks\n\n\n \n\nA ll sinks and commode water lines must have shut off valves, unless faucets\nare \nwall mounted.\n\n\n \n\n# All sinks must have functioning stoppers.\n\n\n \n\n# Toilets\n\n\n \n\nA ll worn or cracked toilet seats and tank lids must be replaced and the\ntoilet tank \nlid must fit properly.\n\n\n \n\n# S ecurity\n\n\n \n\nI f window security bars or security screens are present on windows that are \nrequired for egress, they must be equipped with a quick release system. The \nowner is responsible for ensuring that the family is instructed on the use of\nthe \nquick release system.\n\n\n \n\n8 -I.C. LIFE THREATENING CONDITIONS [24 CFR 982.404(a); FR Notice 1/18/17]\n\n\n \n\nHUD requires HACA to define life threatening conditions and to notify the\nowner or the family \n(whichever is responsible) of the corrections required. The responsible party\nmust correct life \nthreatening conditions within 24 hours of PHA notification.\n\n\n \n\nHACA Policy\n\n\n \n\nThe following are considered life threatening conditions:\n\n\n \n\nGas leak \u2013 This includes natural gas and propane supplied to the unit that is \nactively leaking.\n\n\nAny electrical problem or condition that could result in shock or fire\n\n\n \n\nS tructural damage \u2013 Damage to the unit, or any part of the unit, that appears\nto \ncompromise the stability of the structure.\n\n\nM ajor plumbing leaks or flooding, waterlogged ceiling or floor in imminent \ndanger of falling\n\n\n \n\nAbsence of a working heating system when outside temperature is below 60 \ndegrees Fahrenheit.\n\n\n \n\nAbsence of a functioning toilet in the unit\n\n\nrevised December 17, 2020\n\n\n \nPage222\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3538261, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='47' style='font-size:20px'>28</header>\n<br><header id='48' style='font-size:22px'>ITEMS COVERED UNDER THE WORKMANSHIP WARRANTY COVERAGE</header>\n<h1 id='49' style='font-size:18px'>7.4 RESILIENT FLOORING</h1>\n<br><table id='50' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>Deficiency</td><td>Nail pops appear on the surface of resilient flooring.</td></tr><tr><td>Construction Performance Guidelines</td><td>Readily apparent nail pops are deficiencies.</td></tr><tr><td>Builder Responsibility</td><td>Correct nail pops that have caused damage to the floor material, and repair or replace damaged floor covering in the affected area. Builder is not responsible for color and pattern variations or discontinued patterns of the manufacturer.</td></tr><tr><td>Exclusions</td><td>None.</td></tr><tr><td>Deficiency</td><td>Depressions or ridges appear in the resilient flooring due to subfloor irregularities.</td></tr><tr><td>Construction Performance Guidelines</td><td>Readily apparent depressions or ridges exceeding 1/8 inch are a deficiency. The ridge or depression measurement is taken as the gap created at one end of a 6 inch straight edge placed over the depression or ridge with 3 inches on one side of the deficiency held tightly to the floor.</td></tr><tr><td>Builder Responsibility</td><td>Take required action to bring the deficiency within acceptable tolerances, so as to not be readily visible. Builder is not responsible for discontinued patterns or color variations in the floor covering, your neglect or abuse or installations performed by others.</td></tr><tr><td>Exclusions</td><td>None.</td></tr><tr><td>Deficiency</td><td>Resilient flooring or base loses adhesion.</td></tr><tr><td>Construction Performance Guidelines</td><td>Resilient flooring or base that lifts, bubbles or becomes unglued is a deficiency.</td></tr><tr><td>Builder Responsibility</td><td>Repair or replace resilient flooring or base as required. Builder is not responsible for discontinued patterns or color variations.</td></tr><tr><td>Exclusions</td><td>None.</td></tr><tr><td>Deficiency</td><td>Seams or shrinkage gaps show at resilient flooring joints.</td></tr><tr><td>Construction Performance Guidelines</td><td>Gaps in excess of 1/32 inch in width in resilient floor covering joints are deficiencies. Where dissimilar materials abut, a gap in excess of 1/16 inch is a deficiency.</td></tr><tr><td>Builder Responsibility</td><td>Repair or replace the resilient flooring to meet the Construction Performance Guidelines. Builder is not responsible for discontinued patterns or color variations of floor covering. Proper repair can be affected by sealing gap with seam sealer.</td></tr><tr><td>Exclusions</td><td>None.</td></tr></table>\n<br><h1 id='51' style='font-size:18px'>7.5 HARDWOOD OR LAMINATE FLOORING</h1>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3067077, "type": "text", "content": "Metal pan landings and metal pan treads, when used, shall be secured in place\nbefore \nfilling with concrete or other material. As per OSHA Standard. 1926.1052 \n(b) (5)\n\n\nTreads for temporary service shall be made of wood or other solid material,\nand shall \nbe installed the full width and depth of the stair. As per OSHA Standard.\n1926.1052 (b) \n(3)\n\n\nStairwell systems and handrails shall be so surfaced as to prevent injury to\nemployees \nfrom punctures or lacerations, and to prevent snagging of clothing. As per\nOSHA \nStandard. 1926.1052 ( c ) (8)\n\n\nPart 37 \u2013 Steel Erection\n\n\nPermanent floors shall be installed so there are not more than eight stories\nbetween the \nerection floor and the uppermost permanent floor, except when structural\nintegrity is \nmaintained by the design. As per OSHA Standard. 1926.750 (l)\n\n\nDuring skeleton steel erection, a tightly planked temporary floor shall be\nmaintained \nwithin two stories or thirty (30) feet, whichever is less, below and directly\nunder that \nportion of each tier of beams on which any work is being performed. As per\nOSHA \nStandard. 1926.750 (b) (2) (i)\n\n\nDuring skeleton steel erection, where the requirements of the preceding\nparagraph \ncannot be met, and where scaffolds are not used, safety nets shall be\ninstalled and \nmaintained whenever the potential fall distance exceeds two (2) stories or\ntwenty-five \n(25) feet. As \nper OSHA Standard. 1926.750 (b) (l) (ii)\n\n\nA safety railing of Yz inch wire rope or equivalent shall be installed around\nthe perimeter \nof all temporarily floored buildings, approximately forty-two \n(42) inches high, during structural steel assembly. As per OSHA Standard.\n1926.750 \n(b) (l) (iii)\n\n\nPart 38 \u2013 Wall Openings\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1852913, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='83' style='font-size:18px'>Sanitary Condition</h1>\n<br><p id='84' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The dwelling unit and its equipment must be in sanitary condition and free of vermin and rodent<br>infestation. The unit must have adequate barriers to prevent infestation.</p>\n<br><h1 id='85' style='font-size:18px'>Smoke Detectors</h1>\n<br><p id='86' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Smoke detectors must be installed in accordance with and meet the requirements of the National<br>Fire Protection Association Standard (NFPA) 74 (or its successor standards). If the dwelling unit<br>is occupied by any person with a hearing impairment, smoke detectors must have an appropriate<br>alarm system as specified in NFPA 74 (or successor standards).</p>\n<br><h1 id='87' style='font-size:18px'>Hazards and Heath/Safety</h1>\n<br><p id='88' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The unit, interior and exterior common areas accessible to the family, the site, and the<br>surrounding neighborhood must be free of hazards to the family's health and safety.</p>\n<footer id='89' style='font-size:14px'>\u00a9 Copyright 2019 Nan McKay & Associates<br>Unlimited copies may be made for internal use</footer>\n<br><footer id='90' style='font-size:18px'>Page 8-25</footer>\n<br><footer id='91' style='font-size:14px'>Admin Plan 6/1/19</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 221121, "type": "text", "content": "Housing Authority of the City of Austin\n\n\n \nHousing Choice Voucher Program\n\n\n# Any other serious deficiency deemed to be potentially life threatening.\n\n\nI f an owner fails to correct life threatening conditions as required by HACA,\nHACA will enforce \nthe HQS in accordance with HUD requirements. See 8-II-G.\n\n\nI f a family fails to correct a family caused life threatening condition as\nrequired by HACA, \nHACA will enforce the family obligations. See 8-II.H.\n\n\n \n\n# 8-I.D. OWNER AND FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES [24 CFR 982.404]\n\n\n \n\n# Family Responsibilities\n\n\n \n\nThe family is responsible for correcting the following HQS deficiencies:\n\n\n \n\n# Tenant-paid utilities not in service\n\n\n \n\n# Failure to provide or maintain appliances owned by the family.\n\n\n \n\nDamage to the unit or premises caused by a household member or guest beyond\nnormal wear \nand tear that result in a breach of HQS. \"Normal wear and tear\" is defined as\nitems which \ncould not be charged against the tenant's security deposit under state law or\ncourt practice.\n\n\n \n\n# Owner Responsibilities\n\n\n \n\nThe owner is responsible for all HQS violations not listed as a family\nresponsibility above, even \nif the violation is caused by the family's living habits (e.g., vermin\ninfestation). However, if the \nfamily's actions constitute a serious or repeated lease violation the owner\nmay take legal action to \nevict the family.\n\n\n8-I.E. SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CHILDREN WITH ENVIRONMENTAL \nINTERVENTION BLOOD LEAD LEVEL [24 CFR 35.1225;FR Notice 1/13/17; \nNotice PIH 2017-13]\n\n\n \n\nIf HACA is notified by a public health department or other medical health care\nprovider, or \nverifies information from a source other than a public health department or\nmedical health care \nprovider, that a child of less than 6 years of age, living in an HCV-assisted\nunit has been \nidentified as having an environmental intervention blood lead level, HACA must\ncomplete a risk \nassessment of the dwelling unit within 15 calendar days after being notified\nby a public health \ndepartment or other medical health care provider. The risk assessment must be\ncompleted in \naccordance with program requirements, and the result of the risk assessment\nmust be \nimmediately provided to the owner of the dwelling unit. In cases where the\npublic health \ndepartment has already completed an evaluation of the unit, this information\nmust be provided to \nthe owner.\n\n\n \n\nWithin 30 days after receiving the risk assessment report from HACA, or the\nevaluation from the \npublic health department, the owner is required to complete the reduction of\nidentified lead- \nbased paint hazards in accordance with the lead-based paint regulations [24\nCFR 35.1325 and \n35.1330]. If the owner does not complete the \u201chazard reduction\u201d as required,\nthe dwelling unit is \nin violation of HQS and HACA will take action in accordance with Section\n8-II.G.\n\n\nrevised December 17, 2020\n\n\n \nPage223\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2692601, "type": "text", "content": "# Lewis G. Migliore - lgmtcs@optilink.us\n\n\nT o prevent the later pain and suffering of flooring failure, the two things \nyou should do are 1) get a calcium chloride test kit to determine the \namount of moisture moving through the concrete slab and 2) get an \nalkaline test kit. Either of these products can be purchased at a flooring \nsupply or home store. You should also have a meter which measures the \ntemperature and humidity of the airspace. All test results must be \nrecorded for any unfortunate future problems, which hopefully you\u2019ll \navoid by paying attention to what has to be done on the front end first. \nRush or eliminate any necessary steps and you\u2019re bound to have a \nproblem arise. This is not a surprise you want to have.\n\n\nI f you have high levels of either moisture or pH, there are some actions you \ncan take. There are some concrete sealers that can be used which may \nlessen the moisture AND pH to acceptable levels\u2026 but there are no \nguarantees! Be careful\u2026 choosing the wrong sealer can make a bad \nsituation worse! So be sure to purchase a sealer that is compatible with \nthe flooring adhesive.\n\n\nT he popularity of wood and its beauty cannot be denied. In commercial \nspace you have to remember what wood will naturally do. It will dent, \nscratch, gouge, the finish will dull or wear off, it will expand and contract, \nit can be chipped and marred. Spiked high heels, a small stone in the \nsole of a shoe or in the wheel of a delivery cart, items or packages \ndragged across the floor, will all damage the wood and this is what wood \ndoes. All the things you can do to a tree in the forest you can do to the \nwood floor. Maintenance cannot be done with wet mopping; this will \ncause dimensional changes in the product that are self induced. Wood is \nalso noisy and will require more care. Carpet, in contrast, will hide dust \nand soil. Wood will magnify these things because it sits on top of the floor. \nWood is a beautiful flooring material that requires care in a commercial \nenvironment. Know what you\u2019re using, how it will or should perform and \nhow it should be cared for before specifying, selling or installing this \nproduct. And never take the chance of installing wood in an\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3214860, "type": "text", "content": "# TECHNICAL INFORMATION \nCOMMUNICATION\n\n\n# Quality and Continuous Improvement\n\n\n \n\n# S ituation:\n\n\nT wo pieces of wood have been added to the bottom of the units to protect the\nbase pan from short- \nforking damage. These pieces of wood are secured with brackets and screws.\n\n\n \n\n# T echnical Information:\n\n\nT he two pieces of wood must be removed before installation. For each piece of\nwood, there are three \nmetal support brackets, each secured to the baserail with two screws to secure\nthe wood in place. \nRemove the 12 mounting screws as shown in (Figure 1). Discard the wood and\nbrackets. Failure to \nremove the wood and brackets will interfere with the ductwork installation.\nWhen forking from the \nside, ensure the forks remain level until full engagement before tilting.\nFailure to do so could result in \nthe forks going between the wood and base.\n\n\nOnly trained and qualified personnel should design, install, repair and\nservice HVAC systems and equipment. All national standards and safety codes \nmust be followed when designing, installing, repairing and servicing HVAC\nsystems and equipment. It is the responsibility of the Dealer to ensure local \ncodes, standards, and ordinances are met.\n\n\n \n1\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2692695, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='0' style='font-size:18px'>Lewis G. Migliore - lgmtcs@optilink.us</h1>\n<figure><img id='1' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(190,150); bottom-right:(605,437)\" /></figure>\n<p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>T o prevent the later pain and suffering of flooring failure, the two things<br>you should do are 1) get a calcium chloride test kit to determine the<br>amount of moisture moving through the concrete slab and 2) get an<br>alkaline test kit. Either of these products can be purchased at a flooring<br>supply or home store. You should also have a meter which measures the<br>temperature and humidity of the airspace. All test results must be<br>recorded for any unfortunate future problems, which hopefully you\u2019ll<br>avoid by paying attention to what has to be done on the front end first.<br>Rush or eliminate any necessary steps and you\u2019re bound to have a<br>problem arise. This is not a surprise you want to have.</p>\n<p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>I f you have high levels of either moisture or pH, there are some actions you<br>can take. There are some concrete sealers that can be used which may<br>lessen the moisture AND pH to acceptable levels\u2026 but there are no<br>guarantees! Be careful\u2026 choosing the wrong sealer can make a bad<br>situation worse! So be sure to purchase a sealer that is compatible with<br>the flooring adhesive.</p>\n<p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>T he popularity of wood and its beauty cannot be denied. In commercial<br>space you have to remember what wood will naturally do. It will dent,<br>scratch, gouge, the finish will dull or wear off, it will expand and contract,<br>it can be chipped and marred. Spiked high heels, a small stone in the<br>sole of a shoe or in the wheel of a delivery cart, items or packages<br>dragged across the floor, will all damage the wood and this is what wood<br>does. All the things you can do to a tree in the forest you can do to the<br>wood floor. Maintenance cannot be done with wet mopping; this will<br>cause dimensional changes in the product that are self induced. Wood is<br>also noisy and will require more care. Carpet, in contrast, will hide dust<br>and soil. Wood will magnify these things because it sits on top of the floor.<br>Wood is a beautiful flooring material that requires care in a commercial<br>environment. Know what you\u2019re using, how it will or should perform and<br>how it should be cared for before specifying, selling or installing this<br>product. And never take the chance of installing wood in an</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1418867, "type": "text", "content": "# F LOORING DISCLAIMER:\n\n\n \n\n# Owner and installer responsibilities\n\n\n \n\nWood is a natural material that possesses certain unique characteristics.\nSustainable Lumber Co. \nflooring manufactures in accordance with the highest standards of quality and\ncraftsmanship. \nStandard trade practice allows up to 5% margin of error for natural\nimperfections and \nmanufacturing defects.\n\n\n \n\nThe following requirements are the responsibility of the floor\u2019s owner, even\nif the owner is \nabsent at the time of installation:\n\n\n\u2022 Prior to installation, the installer and owner must ensure that the work\nenvironment and \nsubfloors meet or even exceed minimal specification listed in the Sustainable\nLumber Co. \ninstallation guide.\n\n\n\u2022 Prior to installation, the installer and owner should conduct a final\ninspection of grade, \ncolor, manufacturing, and finish quality of boards to ensure that the floor\nconforms to the \npurchased product.\n\n\n\u2022 During installation, the installer should not use boards that raise doubts\nabout the grade, \ncolor, manufacturing quality or finish. Sustainable Lumber Co. will replace\nonly \ndefective boards, not exceeding the 5% margin of error allowed by industry\nstandards.\n\n\n\u2022 Sustainable Lumber Co. shall in no case be liable of installer\u2019s lack of\njudgment or poor \nquality of installation.\n\n\n\u2022 Once installed, all boards are considered as having been accepted by the\ninstaller and \nowner, even if owner is absent at time of installation.\n\n\n \n\nExclusions due to certain inherent properties of wood\n\n\n \n\nWood expands and contracts according to variations in humidity. Even if\nflooring is properly \ninstalled, narrow gaps and slight distortions can occur. Moreover, exposure to\nlight alters the \ncolor of all wood species. Areas covered with area rugs, furniture,\nconstruction paper, and any \nother light blocking objects will result in color variations.\n\n\n \n\n# Exclusive provision for all our flooring lines\n\n\n \n\nOur flooring lines are designed for a rustic appeal. Appearance of certain\ncharacteristics visible \nat time of purchase or developing over time, including but not limited to, the\nfollowing:\n\n\n\u2022 Pronounced color variations\n\n\n\u2022 Color fading\n\n\n\u2022 Mineral streaks\n\n\n\u2022 Open and closed knots\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1849283, "type": "text", "content": "follow all installation instructions and flash times for \nnon-porous substrates.\n\n\n# G YPSUM BASED SUBSTRATES\n\n\n \n\nGypsum-based substrates must have a minimum \ncompressive strength of 3500 PSI. Gypsum substrates \nthat do not meet this requirement may have one coat \nof the Excelsior MM-100 installed to improve the top \nlayer bonding strength of the substrate. Substrate must \nbe structurally sound and firmly bonded to the subfloor \nbelow. Any cracked or fractured areas must be \nremoved and repaired with a compatible patch or \nrepair product. Follow instructions for installation over a \ngypsum substrate. New or existing gypsum substrates \nmay require the substrate has a primer or sealer \napplied just prior to finished floor being installed. \nFollow all manufacturers\u2019 recommendations regarding \npreparation for resilient flooring installation.\n\n\n# W OOD SUBSTRATES\n\n\n \n\nWood substrates must be prepared in accordance with \nASTM F1482. Prior to installation, moisture retardant \nsheeting with a maximum rating of 1.0 perm must be \ninstalled beneath the wood subfloor, overlapped at \nleast 8\u201d. Other wood subfloor materials, such as OSB, \nlauan, particleboard, chipboard or cementitious tile \nbacker boards, are not acceptable subfloors. Avoid \npreservative treated and fire-retardant plywood, as \nsome may be manufactured with resins or adhesives \nthat may cause discoloration or staining of the flooring. \nThis also includes plywood sheathing designed for long \nlasting exposure to exterior climates. These also could \ncontain resins/waxes that could stain or be considered \nbond breakers. Always refer to those manufactures \nrecommendations. If the subfloor materials mentioned \nabove are already installed or the wood substrate is old \nand not repairable, the use of multi-ply Underlayment \nGrade plywood at a minimum of \u00bc\u201d thick with a fully \nsanded face will be required. Wood subfloor deflection, \nmovement, or instability will cause the flooring \ninstallations to release, buckle or become distorted. As \nsuch, do not use plastic or resin filler to patch cracks. \nDo not use cement or rosin coated nails and staples or \nsolvent-based construction adhesives to adhere the \nplywood. Only install over a properly constructed \nsleeper system (wood subfloor system over concrete, \nconsult the technical department for further details) and \ndo not install directly over Sturd-I-Floor panels.\n\n\n# M ETAL SUBSTRATES\n\n\n \n\nMetal substrates must be thoroughly sanded/grinded \nand cleaned of any residue, oil, rust and/or oxidation. \nSubstrate must be smooth, flat and sound. Install \nflooring material within 12 hours after sanding/grinding \nto prevent re-oxidation. Excessive deflection in the \nmetal floor can cause a bond failure between the \nadhesive and the metal substrate.\n\n\n \n\nU-705\n\n\n \n\nURETHANE WET-SET ADHESIVE \nINSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS and TECHNICAL DATA\n\n\nMetal substrates are considered non-porous \u2013 make \nsure adhesive can be used over non-porous substrates \nand follow all installation instructions and flash times \nfor non-porous substrates.\n\n\nE XISTING FLOORING SUBSTRATES\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Suppose a housing unit's floor has raw wood exposed and needs base shoe installation; how many corrective actions are required to meet the housing standards?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 85, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 884840, "type": "html", "content": "<table id='20' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>Book Title</td><td>Date</td><td>Time Read</td><td>Parent Initial</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Page 1 Total Hours</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 884841, "type": "html", "content": "<table id='21' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>Book Title</td><td>Date</td><td>Time Read</td><td>Parent Initial</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Page 2 Total Hours</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 41070, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='8' style='font-size:18px'>Get Free Channel Direct 2<br>Workbook</h1>\n<p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Page 5/15</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 41069, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='6' style='font-size:18px'>Get Free Channel Direct 2<br>Workbook</h1>\n<p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Page 4/15</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1345409, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='44' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(557,175); bottom-right:(727,404)\" /></figure>\n<p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The bus leaves school at 14:30. It takes 70 minutes to get to Mulalo\u2019s house.</p>\n<br><p id='46' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>3. a) What time will he arrive at home? (Give your answer in the 24-hour format).<br>b) Convert your answer to the 12-hour format.</p>\n<p id='47' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>4. Mark leaves for work at 07:45. He arrives at 08:10. How long did it take him to<br>get there? (Give your answer in minutes).</p>\n<p id='48' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>5. Lebogang goes for a walk around her neighbourhood at 4:20 p.m. She gets back<br>home at 5:40 p.m. How long did she walk for? (Give your answer in hours and<br>minutes).</p>\n<p id='49' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>6. Russel \ufb01nishes soccer practice at 4:00 p.m. It takes him 10 minutes to walk<br>home. He then spends 80 minutes doing his homework.</p>\n<p id='50' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>a) What time will Russel \ufb01nish his homework? (Give your answer in the 12-<br>hour format).<br>b) Convert your answer to the 24-hour format.</p>\n<figure><img id='51' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(514,984); bottom-right:(768,1155)\" /></figure>\n<p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Ewald\u2019s hockey practice starts at 15:10 and ends at 16:30.</p>\n<br><p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>7.</p>\n<br><p id='54' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>a) How long was his hockey practice? (Give your answer in hours and min-<br>utes).<br>b) If it takes him 40 minutes to get home from hockey, what time will he arrive<br>at home? (Give your answer in the 12-hour format)</p>\n<p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>SOLUTION</p>\n<p id='56' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>1. First add the hours: 07:00 + 2 hours = 9:00<br>Then add the minutes:<br>45 minutes + 30 minutes = 75 minutes<br>75 minutes = 60 minutes and 15 minutes = 1 hour and 15 minutes<br>Calculate the total time elapsed:<br>9:00 + 1 hour 15 minutes = 10:15<br>So the bell will ring for break at 10:15.</p>\n<footer id='57' style='font-size:18px'>Chapter 3. Conversions and time</footer>\n<br><footer id='58' style='font-size:18px'>115</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2324176, "type": "html", "content": "<table id='35' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan=\"2\">Lower Division</td><td colspan=\"2\">Upper Division</td><td colspan=\"2\">Total</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Var. Name</td><td>Response Options</td><td>Count</td><td>%</td><td>Count</td><td>%</td><td>Count</td><td>%</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"9\">19b. If #19a is greater than 0: About how much of the assigned reading in your selected course section do you think the typical student completes?</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"5\">freading</td><td rowspan=\"5\"></td><td>None</td><td>12</td><td>14</td><td>6</td><td>4</td><td>18</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>Some</td><td>52</td><td>60</td><td>87</td><td>57</td><td>139</td><td>58</td></tr><tr><td>Most</td><td>21</td><td>24</td><td>54</td><td>36</td><td>75</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>All</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>5</td><td>3</td><td>6</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>86</td><td>100</td><td>152</td><td>100</td><td>238</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"9\">20. In an average 7-day week, about how many hours do you think the typical student in your selected course section spends doing each of the following?</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"9\">a. Preparing for class (studying, reading, writing, doing homework or lab work, analyzing data, rehearsing, and other academic activities)</td><td rowspan=\"9\">ftmprep</td><td>0</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>8</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>1-5</td><td>63</td><td>68</td><td>105</td><td>66</td><td>168</td><td>67</td></tr><tr><td>6-10</td><td>14</td><td>15</td><td>23</td><td>14</td><td>37</td><td>15</td></tr><tr><td>11-15</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>16</td><td>10</td><td>22</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td>16-20</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>9</td><td>6</td><td>10</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>21-25</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>4</td><td>3</td><td>5</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>26-30</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>More than 30 hours</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>92</td><td>100</td><td>160</td><td>100</td><td>252</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"9\">b. Participating in co-curricular activities (organizations, campus publications, student government, fraternity or sorority, intercollegiate or intramural sports, etc.)</td><td rowspan=\"9\">ftmcocurr</td><td>0</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>19</td><td>12</td><td>25</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>1-5</td><td>47</td><td>53</td><td>85</td><td>56</td><td>132</td><td>55</td></tr><tr><td>6-10</td><td>27</td><td>30</td><td>34</td><td>22</td><td>61</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>11-15</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>11</td><td>7</td><td>17</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>16-20</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>5</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>21-25</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>26-30</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>More than 30 hours</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>89</td><td>100</td><td>153</td><td>100</td><td>242</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"9\">c. Working for pay on campus</td><td rowspan=\"9\">ftmworkon</td><td>0</td><td>19</td><td>22</td><td>53</td><td>36</td><td>72</td><td>31</td></tr><tr><td>1-5</td><td>29</td><td>33</td><td>39</td><td>27</td><td>68</td><td>29</td></tr><tr><td>6-10</td><td>15</td><td>17</td><td>26</td><td>18</td><td>41</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td>11-15</td><td>12</td><td>14</td><td>19</td><td>13</td><td>31</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td>16-20</td><td>12</td><td>14</td><td>7</td><td>5</td><td>19</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>21-25</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>26-30</td><td>0 0</td><td>0 0</td><td>0 0</td><td>0</td><td>0 0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>More than 30 hours</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>87</td><td>100</td><td>147 150</td><td>100</td><td>234</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"15\">d. Working for pay off campus</td><td rowspan=\"15\">ftmworkoff</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>4</td><td>3</td><td>5</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>1-5</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>12</td><td>8</td><td>18</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>6-10</td><td>14</td><td>16</td><td>22</td><td>14</td><td>36</td><td>15</td></tr><tr><td>11-15</td><td>19</td><td>22</td><td>30</td><td>19</td><td>49</td><td>21</td></tr><tr><td>16-20</td><td>29</td><td>34</td><td>38</td><td>25</td><td>67</td><td>28</td></tr><tr><td>21-25</td><td>10</td><td>12</td><td>15</td><td>10</td><td>25</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>26-30</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>16</td><td>10</td><td>18</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>More than 30 hours</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>17</td><td>11</td><td>21</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td>Total 0</td><td>85</td><td>100</td><td>154</td><td>100</td><td>239 74</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>30 49</td><td>35 58</td><td>ftmservice 44 96</td><td>29 64</td><td>145</td><td>31 62</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>More than 30 hours</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>235</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1-5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>3 0 100</td><td>9</td><td>4 0 0 100</td></tr><tr><td>6-10 11-15 Total</td><td>4 1 1 85</td><td>5 1 1 100</td><td>5 3 2</td><td>2 1</td><td>4 3 0</td><td>e. Doing community service or volunteer work 2 1 0</td></tr><td>16-20 21-25 26-30</td><td>0 0</td><td>0 0</td><td>0 0</td><td>0 0 0</td></table>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2098249, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='119' style='font-size:14px'>Curriculum Information Booklet 2021-2022</header>\n<br><header id='120' style='font-size:14px'>\| 23</header>\n<p id='121' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>In addition to all the exams, students complete a variety<br>of coursework tasks throughout the I/GCSE programme<br>all of which contribute to the final grade they receive.</p>\n<h1 id='122' style='font-size:18px'>H O M E W O R K</h1>\n<h1 id='123' style='font-size:14px'>Homework is set in order to:</h1>\n<br><p id='124' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Reinforce and consolidate work covered in the lesson.<br>\u2022 Encourage independent, reflective and collabora-<br>tive learning.<br>\u2022 Develop knowledge and understanding.<br>\u2022 Prepare material for future work.<br>\u2022 Complete Coursework and Internal Assessments.</p>\n<p id='125' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The assignments are to be manageable and varied in<br>task, outcome or length.</p>\n<h1 id='126' style='font-size:14px'>Year 10 & 11 Homework Guide</h1>\n<table id='127' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>Subject</td><td>Maximum time to be spent on homework per week by stu- dents in each subject</td><td>Number of tasks that can be set per week</td></tr><tr><td>English</td><td>90 Minutes</td><td>Two</td></tr><tr><td>Maths</td><td>90 Minutes (usual- ly three shorter tasks)</td><td>Three</td></tr><tr><td>Biology, Chemistry, Physics (Double Award)</td><td>40 Minutes for each subject</td><td>Once</td></tr><tr><td>Biology, Chemistry, Physics (Triple Award)</td><td>50 minutes for each subject</td><td>Once</td></tr><tr><td>Single Science Students</td><td>25 minutes for each task</td><td>Two (One per teacher)</td></tr><tr><td>Option Subjects</td><td>50 Minutes</td><td>One</td></tr></table>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1345408, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='27' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(666,174); bottom-right:(920,344)\" /></figure>\n<p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>7. A plane trip (with stopovers) from South Africa to China takes 38 hours. How<br>many days and hours does the trip take?</p>\n<p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Think you got it? Get this answer and more practice on our Intelligent Practice Service</p>\n<p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>1. 24DM 2. 24DN 3. 24DP 4. 24DQ 5. 24DR 6. 24DS<br>7. 24DT</p>\n<h1 id='31' style='font-size:14px'>www.everythingmaths.co.za</h1>\n<br><h1 id='32' style='font-size:14px'>m.everythingmaths.co.za</h1>\n<h1 id='33' style='font-size:20px'>Calculating elapsed time</h1>\n<br><h1 id='34' style='font-size:16px'>EMG3Z</h1>\n<p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Being able to do calculations with time is a very useful skill to have. It is important<br>to know how to plan and organise your time on a daily basis. For example, if it takes<br>you a certain amount of time to walk to school, what time must you leave home in the<br>morning to arrive in time for class? Or, if you need to help cook dinner at 7pm, how<br>much time do you have to \ufb01nish your homework?</p>\n<p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>In this section we will look at how to calculate elapsed time. When doing calculations<br>like this, we add the units of time separately, and don\u2019t forget to be careful when<br>working with remainders!</p>\n<p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Worked example 12: Calculating elapsed time</p>\n<p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>QUESTION</p>\n<p id='39' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>1. School starts at 07:45. You are in class for 2 hours 30 minutes. What time will<br>the bell ring for \ufb01rst break? Give your answer in the 24-hour format.</p>\n<br><p id='40' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>2. Palesa starts cooking dinner at 6:00 p.m. She has to leave for her choir practice<br>in 1 hour and 45 minutes.</p>\n<p id='41' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>a) What time must she leave? (Give your answer in the 12-hour format).<br>b) Convert your answer to the 24-hour format.</p>\n<footer id='42' style='font-size:16px'>114</footer>\n<br><footer id='43' style='font-size:16px'>3.4. Reading and calculating time</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1156710, "type": "html", "content": "<table id='36' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Example</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Problem Among a species of tropical birds, 30 out of every 50 birds are female. If a certain bird sanctuary has a population of 1,150 of these birds, how many of them would you expect to be female?</td></tr><tr><td>Let x = the number of female birds in the sanctuary. 30 female birds x female birds in sanctuary = 50 birds 1 ,150 birds in sanctuary</td><td>Determine the unknown item: the number of female birds in the sanctuary. Assign a letter to this unknown quantity. Set up a proportion setting the ratios equal.</td></tr><tr><td>30 \u00f7 10 3 = 50 \u00f7 10 5 3 x = 5 1 ,150</td><td>Simplify the ratio on the left to make the upcoming cross multiplication easier.</td></tr><tr><td>3 \u2022 1,150 = 5 \u2022 x 3,450 = 5x</td><td>Cross multiply.</td></tr><tr><td>690 5 3,450 x = 690 birds Answer You would expect 690 birds in the sanctuary to be female.</td><td>What number when multiplied by 5 gives a product of 3,450? You can find this value by dividing 3,450 by 5.</td></tr></table>\n<table id='37' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Example</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Problem It takes Sandra 1 hour to word process 4 pages. At this rate, how long will she take to complete 27 pages?</td></tr><tr><td>4 pages 27 pages = 1hour x hours</td><td>Set up a proportion comparing the pages she types and the time it takes to type them.</td></tr><tr><td>4 \u2022 x = 1 \u2022 27</td><td>Cross multiply.</td></tr><tr><td>4x = 27</td><td>Y ou are looking for a number that when it is multiplied by 4 will give you 27.</td></tr><tr><td>6.75</td><td>You can find this value by dividing 27 by 4.</td></tr><tr><td>4 27.00 = 6.75 hours</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>x Answer 27 pages.</td><td>It will take Sandra 6.75 hours to complete</td></tr></table>\n<footer id='38' style='font-size:20px'>4.17</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 41071, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='10' style='font-size:18px'>Get Free Channel Direct 2<br>Workbook</h1>\n<p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Page 6/15</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}]	If each page of the workbook takes 2 hours to complete, how many total hours are needed to finish all the workbook pages?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 86, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["numerical reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 452932, "type": "text", "content": "7.01.47 Bariatric Surgery \nPage 22 of 94\n\n\nReview of Evidence \nSystematic Reviews\n\n\n \n\nSG may be performed as a stand-alone procedure or in combination with a\nmalabsorptive \nprocedure, such as the BPD with BPD-DS. It has also been proposed as the first\nstep in a 2-stage \nprocedure, with gastric bypass or BPD as the second stage.\n\n\nN umerous recent systematic reviews have compared SG and RYGB with regard to\neffects on \nweight, comorbidities, and complications.52,53,54,55,56,57,\n\n\nG u et al (2020) completed a meta-analysis of the medium- and long-term\neffects of laparoscopic \nSG and RYGB (Table 4).52, The evaluation included 9038 patients from 28\nstudies. Overall, 5 year \nfollow-up results revealed that laparoscopic RYGB was associated with an\nimprovement in \npercentage of EWL and remission of T2D, hypertension, and dyslipidemia as\ncompared to \nlaparoscopic SG. Han et al. (2020) also published a systematic review and\nmeta-analysis involving \n18 studies (N=2917) that compared weight loss and comorbidity resolution\nbetween laparoscopic \nSG and RYGB (Table 4).53, Results from this analysis revealed no significant\ndifference in EWL or T2D \nresolution between the 2 procedures. Laparoscopic RYGB was found to be\nsuperior to SG with \nregard to dyslipidemia, hypertension, and GERD management; however, patients\nwho \nunderwent laparoscopic SG experienced fewer postoperative complications and\nreoperation \nrates.\n\n\nS harples et al (2020) performed a systematic review and meta-analysis\nevaluating long-term (5 \nyears) outcomes of RYGB and SG (Table 4).54, Overall, both RYGB and SG\nresulted in sustained \nweight loss and comorbidity control with RYGB associated with a greater\npercent EWL, improved \ndyslipidemia outcomes, and a reduced incidence of GERD (Table 5).\n\n\nS henoy et al (2020) published a systematic review and meta-analysis of 9\nstudies that compared \nlaparoscopic SG and RYGB in 2240 elderly (>55 years) patients.55, Results\nrevealed no significant \ndifferences between the 2 bariatric procedures with regard to the rate of\nearly complications \n(3.6% LSG versus 5.8% LRYGB; p=0.15) and mortality (0.1% versus 0.8%; p=0.27).\nAdditionally, there \nwas no difference in EWL between the procedures at 1 year (Table 5); however,\nthe authors \nrecommended SG for high-risk elderly patients due to the reduced mortality and\ncomplication \nrates with this procedure. Another systematic review and meta-analysis by Xu\net al. (2020) \ninvolving 19 studies also concluded that SG was the preferable option for\nelder obese patients 60 \nyears and older as it was found to be non inferior to RYGB with regard to\nefficacy, but overall had \nan improved safety profile.58,\n\n\nO sland et al. (2017) published a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs\ncomparing \nlaparoscopic vertical SG with RYGB (Table 4).59, The literature search,\nconducted from 2000 to \nNovember 2015, identified 9 RCTs for inclusion (N=865 patients). Four trials\nwere included in meta- \nanalyses comparing percent EWL between the 2 groups. Results at both 6- and\n12-month follow- \nups showed that the procedures are comparable (Table 5). Osland et al. (2020)\nrecently \npublished a continuation of their work that focused exclusively on long-term\n(5 year) weight \noutcomes of laparoscopic vertical SG versus RYGB.60, This systematic review\nand meta-analysis \nincluded 5 studies (SG=520; RYGB=508) and results revealed that a\nstatistically significant BMI loss \nwas seen with both SG: -11.37 kg/m2 (range: -6.3 to -15.7 kg/m2) and RYGB:\n-12.6 kg/m2 (range: - \n9.5 to -15.4 kg/m2) at 5 years. However, differences in reporting parameters\nlimit the ability to \nreliably compare outcomes using statistical methods and the results may have\nbeen impacted \nby large dropout rates and per protocol analyses of the 2 largest included\nstudies.\n\n\nA systematic review by Juodeikis and Brimas (2017) summarized evidence on\nlong-term results \nafter SG (Table 3).61, Reviewers included an RCT and 19 retrospective studies,\nwith a total of 2713 \npatients who received SG. Mean preoperative BMI was 46.9 kg/m2. Mean duration\nof follow-up \nranged from 5 to 11 years, and mean proportion of patients followed for 5\nyears was 68.5%. \nSeventeen studies (N=1501 patients) reported 5-year follow-up data. At 5\nyears, resolution of T2D, \narterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, OSA, gastroesophageal reflux disease\n(GERD), and\n\n\nReproduction without authorization from Blue Shield of California is\nprohibited\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 12423, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='39' style='font-size:18px'>186</header>\n<br><header id='40' style='font-size:14px'>Crohn's Disease</header>\n<p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Laparoscopic resection with transcolonic specimen extraction</p>\n<br><p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Eshuis and colleagues [49] reported a series of ten patients affected by Crohn\u2019s disease who<br>underwent to entirely laparoscopic ileocolic resection with endoscopic transcolonic<br>specimen removal. The procedure was possible only for small inflammatory mass (<7-8 cm)<br>and needed longer operative time; infectious complications were high with 2<br>intraabdominal abscesses and patients did not perceived benefits in terms of body image<br>respect to conventional laparoscopic surgery. Thus, based on these findings, benefits of<br>laparoscopic resection followed by endoscopic transcolonic specimen extraction are unclear<br>and the technique doesn\u2019t seem as safe as conventional laparoscopic surgery.</p>\n<p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>7. References</p>\n<br><p id='44' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>[1] Milsom JW. Laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of Crohn\u2019s disease. Surg Clin North<br>Am 2005; 85: 25-34.<br>[2] Hasegawa H, Watanabe M, Nishibori H, Okabayashi K, Hibi T, Kitajima M. Laparoscopic<br>surgery for recurrent Crohn\u2019s disease. Br J Surg 2003; 90: 970-973.<br>[3] Casillas S, Delaney CP. Laparoscopic surgery for inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Surg<br>2005; 22: 135-142.<br>[4] Bemelman WA, Slors JF, Dunker MS et al. Laparoscopic-assisted vs open ileocolic<br>resection for Crohn\u2019s disease \u2013 a comparative study. Surg Endosc 2000; 14: 721-725.<br>[5] Milsom JW, Hammerhofer KA, Bohm B et al. Prospective, randomized trial comparing<br>laparoscopic vs conventional surgery for refractory ileocolic Crohn\u2019s disease. Dis<br>Colon Rectum 2001; 44: 1-8.<br>[6] Benoist S, Panis Y, Beaufour A, Bouhnik Y, Matuchansky C, Valleur P. Laparoscopic<br>ileocecal resection in Crohn\u2019s disease \u2013 a case-matched comparison with open<br>resection. Surg Endosc 2003; 17: 814-818.<br>[7] Maartense S, Dunker MS, Slors FM et al. Laparoscopic-assisted versus open ileocolic<br>resection for Crohn\u2019s disease \u2013 a randomized trial - . Ann Surg 2006; 243: 143-149.<br>[8] Tan JJY, Tjandra JJ. Laparoscopic surgery for Crohn\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis. Dis Colon<br>Rectum 2007; 50(1): 1-10.<br>[9] Dosman AS, Melis M, Fichera A. Metaanalysis of trials comparing laparoscopic and open<br>surgery for Crohn\u2019s disease. Surg Endosc 2005; 19: 1549-1555.<br>[10] Tilney HS, Constantinides VA, Heriot AG et al. Comparison of laparoscopic and open<br>ileocecal resection for Crohn\u2019s disease: a meta analysis. Surg Endosc 2006; 20:1036-<br>1044.<br>[11] Schwenk W, Bohm B, Muller JM. Postoperative pain and fatigue after laparoscopic or<br>conventional colorectal resections. A prospective randomized trial. Surg Endosc<br>1998; 12(9): 1131-1136.<br>[12] Braga M, Vignali A, Zuliani W et al. Metabolic and functional results after laparoscopic<br>colorectal surgery: a randomized, controlled trial. Dis Colon Rectum 2002; 45(8):<br>1070-1077.<br>[13] Lezoche E, Feliciotti F, Paganini AM, Guerrieri M, Campagnacci R, De Sanctis A.<br>Laparoscopic colonic resections versus open surgery: a prospective non-<br>randomized study on 310 unselected cases. Hepatogastroenterology 2000; 47: 697-<br>708.</p>\n<footer id='45' style='font-size:14px'>www.intechopen.com</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2794941, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\uf0b7 Roux-en-Y bypass</p>\n<br><p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>T he Roux-en-Y Gastric bypass (RYGBP) creates a small gastric pouch (restrictive<br>element) joined to the jejunum, bypassing the duodenum and proximal jejunum<br>(Malabsorptive). The limited evidence available suggests that weight loss following<br>gastric bypass is greater than vertical banded gastroplasty or adjustable gastric<br>banding. Bowel obstruction is increasingly recognized as an important complication<br>after gastric bypass. Capella et al found an unanticipated high incidence of bowel<br>obstruction after laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery.5</p>\n<br><p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>\uf0b7 Surgical approaches may be either open or laparoscopic procedures.</p>\n<br><h1 id='58' style='font-size:20px'>Laparoscopic procedure</h1>\n<br><p id='59' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>o Small incision<br>o Hospital stay is 1-3 days<br>o Return to work 5-10 days<br>o Technically more difficult<br>o Less pain<br>o Less chance of hernias</p>\n<br><h1 id='60' style='font-size:20px'>Open procedure</h1>\n<br><p id='61' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Large incision<br>Hospital stay of about 5 days<br>Return to work in about 4 weeks<br>Greater risk of infection<br>More painful<br>Herniation more likely</p>\n<br><h1 id='62' style='font-size:14px'>\uf0b7 Open procedures</h1>\n<br><p id='63' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Open surgery was the original intervention, but the advent of laparoscopic procedures<br>has caused a minor surgical revolution. A group of open surgeons compared more than<br>25,000 open cases of RYGBP with reported series of laparoscopic RYGBP.6 They<br>concluded that the open procedure was safer, cheaper, shorter operating time, led to<br>fewer re-operations, and caused less complications (particularly small bowel<br>obstruction), while producing similar long-term weight loss.</p>\n<h1 id='64' style='font-size:14px'>\uf0b7 Laparoscopic procedures</h1>\n<br><p id='65' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>B oth procedures can be done laparoscopically and patients tend to favour it, but<br>technically the Roux.en-Y is more difficult by this method and therefore requires a<br>particular degree of skill. Reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay and shorter<br>time off work are obvious benefits of laparoscopy, but conversions and/or reoperations<br>in 25% of the patients indicate that laparoscopic Roux-en-Y (LRYGBP) at present must<br>be considered an investigational procedure. The procedure has been increasing in<br>popularity, but outcomes are compromised by small numbers of patients, longer<br>operative times and seemingly higher initial complication rates compared to the<br>traditional open procedure. The minimally invasive LRYGBP continues to be a<br>challenge even to the most experienced laparoscopic surgeons. Laparoscopic banding,<br>however, is an easier operation, especially in the hands of surgeons doing good<br>numbers of operations.</p>\n<br><h1 id='66' style='font-size:20px'>5 . Evidence of Clinical Effectiveness</h1>\n<br><p id='67' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>5 .1 A 2004 Cochrane review of 18 trials involving 1891 subjects concluded that, on<br>average, morbidly obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery lost 23-28kg more<br>weight at 2 years than patients who were managed non-surgically. Impact on co-<br>morbidities is significant. Buchwald et al recently conducted a systematic review of<br>22,094 patients. 86% resolved or improved diabetes, 79% resolved or improved<br>hypertension, 84% resolved or improved obstructive sleep apnoea and there was<br>improvement in hyperlipidaemia. Malabsorptive and mixed Malabsorptive/restrictive<br>procedures have been shown to be more effective in terms of weight loss and<br>controlling diabetes than restrictive procedures.7</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2228951, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='78' style='font-size:18px'>Ihn\u00e1t\u00a0et\u00a0al. BMC Surg (2021) 21:272</header>\n<br><header id='79' style='font-size:18px'>Page 7 of 8</header>\n<p id='80' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>the difference in direct costs between the study groups.<br>However, there were also some minor factors affecting<br>the difference in direct costs such as differences in oper-<br>ating theatre time and length of hospital stay.</p>\n<br><p id='81' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>The present study was focused on the investigation of<br>medical outcomes and cost analysis of L-APPE with dif-<br>ferent methods of appendix stump closure. The strengths<br>of the study are: study design (prospective controlled<br>randomized clinical trial), the standardized surgical tech-<br>nique performed by experienced laparoscopic surgeons<br>in a tertiary teaching hospital and the precise assessment<br>of medical outcomes and cost analysis. Nevertheless, the<br>study had several limitations: the study sample size was<br>not calculated by a statistician prior to the study, the<br>limited sample size could have been the cause of selec-<br>tion bias and the data regarding costs reflects the current<br>economic situation in healthcare system of the Czech<br>Republic (external validity of this data is very limited).<br>However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the largest<br>trial investigating the technical modifications of appen-<br>dix stump closure during L-APPE.</p>\n<br><p id='82' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>In conclusion, L-APPE presents a well-established sur-<br>gical technique in the treatment of acute appendicitis.<br>According to our study outcomes, all technical modifi-<br>cations of appendix stump closure are comparable with<br>regards to postoperative complications. The opera-<br>tive time is significantly longer when the endoloop is<br>employed for stump closure; the stapler technique is sig-<br>nificantly the most expensive. Taking all these facts into<br>account, hem-o-lok clips seem to have the potential for<br>becoming the preferred method of securing the appendix<br>base during L-APPE.</p>\n<p id='83' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Acknowledgements<br>None.</p>\n<h1 id='84' style='font-size:16px'>Authors\u2019 contributions</h1>\n<br><p id='85' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>PI created a study design and wrote the manuscript. MT randomize patients<br>and interpreted the study data. LT performed literature research and helped<br>study data interpretation. LIR wrote the manuscript and analyzed the data. OO<br>corrected the manuscript and helped with study organization. SD super-<br>vised the clinical study and corrected the manuscript. All authors read and<br>approved the final manuscript.</p>\n<p id='86' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Funding</p>\n<br><p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Supported by Ministry of Health, Czech Republic\u2014conceptual development<br>of research organization (FNOs/2019).</p>\n<p id='88' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Availability of data and materials</p>\n<br><p id='89' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from<br>the corresponding author on reasonable request.</p>\n<p id='90' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Declarations</p>\n<p id='91' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Ethics approval and consent to participate</p>\n<br><p id='92' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The study was approved by ethics committee of the University Hospital<br>Ostrava (ref. number 449/2018) and was performed in accordance with the<br>ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its subsequent<br>amendments. Written informed consent were obtained from all included</p>\n<br><p id='93' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>patients; anonymity was ensured. The trial (CAS study) was registered on<br>http:// www. clini caltr ials. gov (trial identifier NCT03750032).</p>\n<p id='94' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Consent for publication<br>Not applicable.</p>\n<p id='95' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Competing interests<br>The authors declare no competing interests.</p>\n<p id='96' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Author details</p>\n<br><p id='97' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>1 Department of Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava, 17.listopadu 1790,<br>Ostrava 708 52, Czech Republic. 2 Department of Forensic Medicine, University<br>Hospital Ostrava, 17.listopadu 1790, Ostrava 708 52, Czech Republic. 3 Depart-<br>ment of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava, 17.listopadu<br>1790, Ostrava 708 52, Czech Republic. 4 Department of Oncosurgery, Faculty<br>of Medicine, Commenius University Bratislava, Spitalska 24, Bratislava 813 72,<br>Slovakia.</p>\n<p id='98' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Received: 4 December 2020 Accepted: 25 May 2021</p>\n<h1 id='99' style='font-size:16px'>References</h1>\n<br><p id='100' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>1. Ohtani H, Tamamori Y, Arimoto Y, Nishiguchi Y, Maeda K, Hirakawa K.<br>Meta-analysis of the results of randomized controlled trials that com-<br>pared laparoscopic and open surgery for acute appendicitis. J Gastroin-<br>test Surg. 2012;16:1929\u201339.<br>2. National Surgical Research Collaborative. Multicentre observational<br>study of performance variation in provision and outcome of emergency<br>appendicectomy. Br J Surg. 2013;100:1240\u201352.<br>3. McCoy AC, Gasevic E, Szlabick RE, Sahmoun AE, Sticca RP. Are open<br>abdominal procedures a thing of the past? An analysis of graduating<br>general surgery residents\u2019 case logs from 2000 to 2011. J Surg Educ.<br>2013;70:683\u20139.<br>4. Li X, Zhang J, Sang L, Zhang W, Chu Z, Li X, et al. Laparoscopic versus<br>conventional appendectomy\u2014a meta-analysis of randomized controlled<br>trials. BMC Gastroenterol. 2010;10:129.<br>5. Dai L, Shuai J. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in adults and<br>children: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. United Eur Gastroenterol J.<br>2017;4:542\u201353.<br>6. Sauerland S, Jaschinski T, Neugebauer EA. Laparoscopic versus open<br>surgery for suspected appendicitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.<br>2010;6:CD001546.<br>7. Guller U, Hervey S, Purves H, Muhlbaier LH, Peterson ED, Eubanks S, et al.<br>Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: outcomes comparison based<br>on a large administrative database. Ann Surg. 2004;239:43\u201352.<br>8. Matyja M, Strza\u0142ka M, Rembiasz K. Laparoscopic appendectomy, cost-<br>effectiveness of three different techniques used to close the appendix<br>stump. Pol Przegl Chir. 2015;7(12):634\u20137.<br>9. Mannu GS, Sudul MK, Bettencourt-Silva JH, Cumber E, Li F, Clark AB, et al.<br>Closure methods of the apendix stump for complications during laparo-<br>scopic appendectomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;11:CD006437.<br>10. Costa-Navarro D, Jimenes-Fuertes M, Illian-Riquelme A. Laparoscopic<br>appendectomy: quality care and cost effectiveness for today\u2019s economy.<br>World J Emerg Surg. 2013;8(1):45.<br>11. Gomes CA, Junior CS, de Peixoto RO, Netto JM, Gomes CC, Gomes FC.<br>Appendiceal stump closure by metal endoclip in the management of<br>complicated acute appendicitis. World J Emerg Surg. 2013;8:35.<br>12. Delibegovi\u0107 S, Mehmedovic Z. The influence of the different forms of<br>appendix base closure on patient outcome in laparoscopic appendec-<br>tomy: a randomized trial. Surg Endosc. 2018;32(5):2295\u20139.<br>13. Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA. Classification of surgical complica-<br>tions: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and<br>results of a survey. Ann Surg. 2004;240:205\u201313.<br>14. Guaitoli E, Gallo G, Cardone E, Conti L, Famularo S, Formisano G, et al.<br>Consensus statement of the italian polispecialistic society of young<br>surgeons (SPIGC): diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis. J Invest<br>Surg. 2020; 1\u201315 [Online ahead of print].</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1513415, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='88' style='font-size:16px'>Faddan\u00a0et\u00a0al. Afr J Urol (2020) 26:73</header>\n<br><header id='89' style='font-size:16px'>Page 6 of 6</header>\n<p id='90' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>19. Dindo D, Clavien P (2008) What is a surgical complication? World J Surg<br>32(6):939\u2013941<br>20. Rozet F, Jaffe J, Braud G et al (2007) A direct comparison of robotic-<br>assisted versus pure laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a single-institu-<br>tion experience. J Urol 178(2):478\u2013482<br>21. Ficarra V, Novara G, Artibani W et al (2009) Retropubic, laparoscopic, and<br>robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: a systematic review and cumulative<br>analysis of comparative studies. Eur Urol 55(5):1037\u20131063<br>22. Bhayani SB, Pavlovich CP, Strup SE et al (2004) Laparoscopic radical<br>prostatectomy: a multi-institutional study of conversion to open surgery.<br>Urology 63(1):99\u2013102</p>\n<br><p id='91' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>23. Sarhan A, Shabsigh A (2015) The impact of surgical technique on<br>unplanned reoperation after open and minimally invasive radical<br>prostatectomy: analysis of the NSQIP database. J Am College Surg 221(4,<br>Supplement 1):S174</p>\n<p id='92' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Publisher\u2019s Note</p>\n<br><p id='93' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in pub-<br>lished maps and institutional affiliations.</p>\n<p id='94' data-category='list'></p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1513404, "type": "text", "content": "Faddan et al. Afr J Urol (2020) 26:73\n\n\n \nPage 5 of 6\n\n\nThe unplanned reoperation (UR) within 30 days of rad- \nical prostatectomy was 1.2%. Unplanned reoperation was \nsignificantly lower in the minimally invasive radical pros- \ntatectomy (MIRP) group (1.1% vs. 1.5%, P value 0.01). \nBleeding, wound dehiscence, and acute retention were \nthe most common indications for UR. In our study, the \nreoperation rate was 12.7% (Table 4); the main causes for \nunplanned reoperations were SSIs 42%, lymphocele 36%, \nbleeding complications 8%, and others 4% [23].\n\n\n \n\nThere are some limitations in our study such as com- \nparing the RALRP, LRP, and RRP performed by different \nsurgeons with variable experience. Another limitation of \nthis current study was that it was designed to compare \nonly the perioperative and pathological and not the func- \ntional results. As it is a retrospective review of our data- \nbase, non-randomization and even selection bias might \nimpact our study.\n\n\n# 5 Conclusion\n\n\n \n\nOur results and the published data show that RALRP and \nLRP are followed by a significantly lower complication \nrate. However, the patients\u2019 factors, selection bias, and \nsurgical experience likely impact perioperative outcomes \nand complications.\n\n\n# Abbreviations\n\n\n \n\nPCa: prostate cancer; RP: radical prostatectomy; RRP: radical retropubic \nprostatectomy; LRP: laparoscopic radical prostatectomy; RALRP: robot-assisted \nlaparoscopic radical prostatectomy; BMI: body mass index; PSA: prostate-spe- \ncific antigen; LNDs: lymph node dissection; SSIs: surgical site infections;\nPSMs: \npositive surgical margins; MIRP: minimally invasive radical prostatectomy; UR: \nunplanned reoperation.\n\n\nAcknowledgements \nNone.\n\n\n# Authors\u2019 contributions\n\n\n \n\nAAF developed the concept of the manuscript and contributed to drafting \nand revision. MMS developed the concept of the manuscript and contributed \nto drafting and revision. MG developed the concept of the manuscript and \ncontributed to drafting and submission. YA developed the concept of the \nmanuscript and contributed to drafting and revision. DKO developed the \nconcept of the manuscript and critical revision. NM developed the concept \nof the manuscript and critical revision. AK developed the concept of the \nmanuscript and revision. AMA developed the concept of the manuscript and \nrevision. PF developed the concept of the manuscript and critical revision.\nKPJ \ndeveloped the concept of the manuscript and critical revision. All authors\nread \nand approved the final manuscript and revisions for submission.\n\n\nFunding\n\n\n \n\nNone.\n\n\nAvailability of data and material\n\n\n \n\nThe datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from \nthe corresponding author on reasonable request.\n\n\nEthics approval and consent to participate\n\n\n \n\nThe need for approval for this study was waived by the Ethics committees at \nAssiut, Kiel, and Martin-Luther universities and Al Qassimi Hospital, based on \nits retrospective nature.\n\n\n \n\nConsent for publication \nDone and approved.\n\n\nCompeting interests \nThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\n\n\nAuthor details\n\n\n \n\n1 Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Assiut University, \nAssiut 71516, Egypt. 2 Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, Univer- \nsity Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. 3 Department \nof Urology and Kidney Transplantation Center, Martin-Luther University, Halle \n(Saale), Germany. 4 Department of Urology, MOH-Al Qassimi Hospital, Sharjah, \nUnited Arab Emirates.\n\n\nReceived: 10 December 2019 Accepted: 12 October 2020\n\n\n# References\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2228934, "type": "text", "content": "Ihn\u00e1t et al. BMC Surg (2021) 21:272\n\n\n \nPage 3 of 8\n\n\n45 mm stapling device (Ethicon, Endosurgery, Cincinnati, \nOH).\n\n\n \n\nIn all patients, the appendix was inserted into the pro- \ntective plastic bag and removed via the suprapubic port. \nThe appendix stumps were not invaginated in our study \npatients; drainage of the abdominal cavity was performed \naccording to the preference of the operating surgeon. The \ndecision to drain the abdominal cavity was done after \nextraction of the appendix, mostly in patients with gan- \ngrenous appendicitis. Broad-spectrum antibiotics were \nadministered in patients with gangrenous appendicitis \nfor 7 days.\n\n\n# Data collection\n\n\n \n\nAll data were collected prospectively during the study. \nThe demographic and clinical data of all study patients \n(age, gender, BMI, ASA classification) were recorded \ninto a study database. The intraoperative complications \nand operative time were assessed on the 1st day after the \nsurgery. The postoperative complications were evalu- \nated during patient follow-up at the outpatient surgical \ndepartment one month after the surgery. The postop- \nerative surgical complications were graded according \nto the Clavien-Dindo Classification [13]. The follow-up \nof the study patients ended a month after surgery. Data \nregarding cost analysis of L-APPE of all study patients \nwere extracted from the hospital economic database \nand recorded into a study database. The direct costs of \nL-APPE were calculated as the sum of all expenses asso- \nciated with every diagnostic and therapeutic procedure \nwhich had been realized during patient\u2019s hospital stay \n(costs of laboratory and imaging examinations, operat- \ning room time, costs of anaesthesia and surgery including \nall used medical devices, cost of hospital stay). The costs \nof surgical devices (stapler, endoloop, clips, 12-mm port, \nendobag) were calculated as the true cost paid by the \nhospital (the real prices which the hospital paid to the \nprovider). The costs of hospital stay were calculated using \nan average cost of hospitalization per day. For all study \npatients, the hospital received payments from health \ninsurance companies based on the current healthcare \npayment system CZ-DRG (Czech Diagnosis\u2014Related \nGroup system).\n\n\n# Statistical analysis\n\n\n \n\nThe acquired data underwent analysis by means of \ndescriptive statistics. The differences between the sub- \ngroups were tested using a Chi-square test for categorical \nvariables, Anova (Analysis of Variance) and Kruskal\u2013 \nWallis rank sum test for continuous variables (relative \nfrequencies). The statistical analysis was conducted using \nSTATISTICA 10. A level of significance of \u03b1 0.05 was \n= \nconsidered statistically significant.\n\n\n \n\nResults\n\n\n \n\nIn total, 212 patients underwent L-APPE at University \nHospital Ostrava within the study period. Of these, 28 \npatients (13.2%) were excluded due to the study design \nand exclusion criteria and 4 patients (1.9%) were lost to \nfollow-up (Fig. 1). There were 19 patients excluded due \nto peroperative findings of necrosis or advanced inflam- \nmatory changes in the area of appendix stump\u2014surgery \nwas completed laparoscopically in all these patients \n(laparoscopic appendectomy using a stapler was per- \nformed in 84.2% of patients, laparoscopic ileocecal \nresection in 15.8% of these patients). 9 patients were \nexcluded due to the conversion to laparotomy upon the \ndiscovery of severe diffuse peritonitis peroperatively. In \ntotal, 180 study patients underwent analysis.\n\n\n \n\nThe mean age of study patients was 35.8 16.9 years \n\u00b1 \n(mean SD); there were 103 (57.2%) women and 77 \n\u00b1 \n(42.8%) men. The vast majority of patients were pre- \noperatively classified as ASA class I or II; the mean \nBMI was 25.7 4.2 kg/m2. Detailed data regarding \n\u00b1 \ndemographics and clinical characteristics of the study \npatients are presented in Table 1. The most frequent \ntype of inflammation was phlegmonous appendicitis \n(62.2% of study patients).\n\n\n \n\nData regarding perioperative outcomes (opera- \ntive time, hospital stay, intraoperative and postop- \nerative complications) are presented in Table 2. The \nmean operative time was 42.0 13.0 min. The short- \n\u00b1 \nest time was noted in the hem-o-lok subgroup of \npatients (37.9 12.5 min); the differences in operative \n\u00b1 \ntimes between study subgroups were statistically sig- \nnificant (p 0.0088). The mean length of hospital stay \n= \n(3.6 1.7 days) was comparable in all our study sub- \n\u00b1 \ngroups (p 0.969).\n\n\n \n\n= \nThere were 7 (11.7%) intraoperative complications in \nthe stapler subgroup of patients. All these complications \n(bleeding from the stapler line) were easy to manage sur- \ngically\u2014via application of metal clip. No intraoperative \ncomplications were noted in the endoloop and hem-o-lok \nsubgroups.\n\n\n \n\nA 30-day postoperative morbidity was manifested in \n6.1% of the study patients; all postoperative complica- \ntions were surgical. The prevalence of postoperative \ncomplications in the study subgroups was comparable \n(p 0.7173). In 8 (4.4%) patients, superficial SSI (Surgi- \n= \ncal Site Infection) was detected and classified as grade I \naccording to Clavien-Dindo classification. All superficial \nSSIs were of wounds localised in the suprapubic region. \nDeep SSI was noted in 3 (1.7%) patients and classified \nas grade IIIb Clavien-Dindo classification. There was no \nmortality reported in our study group. There were no \nreoperations or readmissions to hospital during a 30-day \npostoperative period in our study patients.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1437899, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>CONCLUSIONs</p>\n<p id='26' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u009b\u202f Robotic surgery enables a larger percentage of<br>patients previously operated by laparotomy to<br>undergo minimally invasive surgery<br>\u009b\u202f Low rate of intraoperative complications<br>\u009b\u202f Low rate of conversions<br>\u009b\u202f Acceptable rate of postoperative complications<br>\u009b\u202f Introducing a new techniques entails both<br>expected and unexpected challenges<br>\u009b\u202f Robot related complications decreased with time<br>\u009b\u202f Overall rate and rate of serious postoperative<br>complications decreased<br>\u009b\u202f Teamwork</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 453035, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='89' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>7.01.47 Bariatric Surgery<br>Page 18 of 94</p>\n<p id='90' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>c. To assess longer-term outcomes and adverse events, single-arm studies that capture<br>longer periods of follow-up and/or larger populations were sought.<br>d. Studies with duplicative or overlapping populations were excluded.</p>\n<p id='91' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>R eview of Evidence<br>Systematic Reviews</p>\n<br><p id='92' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>A 2005 Blue Cross Blue Shield Association Technology Evaluation Center (TEC) Assessment<br>focused on laparoscopic gastric bypass, which intends to reproduce the open procedure via<br>minimally invasive techniques.45, This technically complex surgery requires a dedicated team and<br>a relatively high degree of skill and experience in laparoscopic technique. This Assessment<br>reviewed 7 comparative trials of the open gastric bypass and laparoscopic gastric bypass,<br>including 3 RCTs. Also, 18 large clinical series of laparoscopic gastric bypass were included. The<br>Assessment concluded that weight loss at 1 year was similar for laparoscopic and open gastric<br>bypass approaches.45, Longer follow-up periods were less well-reported but appeared to be<br>similar for both approaches. While comparisons of complication rates were less certain, some<br>patterns were evident and consistent across the data examined. The profile of adverse events<br>differed between the 2 approaches, with each having advantages and disadvantages.<br>Laparoscopic gastric bypass offered a less invasive procedure associated with decreased<br>hospital stay and earlier return to usual activities. Mortality might be lower with the laparoscopic<br>approach, although both procedures had mortality rates less than 1%. Postoperative wound<br>infections and incisional hernias were also less frequent with laparoscopic gastric bypass.<br>However, anastomotic problems, gastrointestinal tract bleeding, and bowel obstruction<br>appeared to be higher with the laparoscopic approach, though not markedly higher. Given<br>these data, the overall benefit-risk profile for these 2 approaches appeared to be similar.</p>\n<p id='93' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Y an et al. (2016) published a systematic review of RCTs comparing gastric bypass with medical<br>treatment in obese patients (i.e., BMI \u226530 kg/m2) who had T2D.46, The primary study outcome was<br>remission of T2D, which was reported in 5 of the 6 studies. A pooled analysis found a significantly<br>higher remission rate after gastric bypass than after medical treatment (odds ratio [OR], 76.37;<br>95% CI, 20.70 to 271.73; p<0.001). Also, a pooled analysis found a significantly lower final BMI in the<br>gastric bypass group than in the medical treatment group (MD = -6.54 kg/m2; 95% CI, -9.28 to -<br>3.80 kg/m2; p<0.001).</p>\n<h1 id='94' style='font-size:20px'>O bservational Studies</h1>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1513412, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='49' style='font-size:14px'>Faddan\u00a0et\u00a0al. Afr J Urol (2020) 26:73</header>\n<br><header id='50' style='font-size:14px'>Page 4 of 6</header>\n<caption id='51' style='font-size:16px'>Table 4 Overall and\u00a0specific complications after\u00a0RPs</caption>\n<br><table id='52' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td></td><td>RALP</td><td>RRP</td><td>LRP</td><td>Total</td><td>P value</td></tr><tr><td>Total complicated cases: No. (%)</td><td>47 (38.2)</td><td>118 (53.6)</td><td>24 (47.1)</td><td>189 (48)</td><td>.023</td></tr><tr><td>Open conversion: No. (%)</td><td>3 (2.4)</td><td>0</td><td>2 (3.9)</td><td>5 (1.3)</td><td>< .0001</td></tr><tr><td>Vascular injuries: No. (%)</td><td>2 (1.6)</td><td>1 (0.5)</td><td>1 (2)</td><td>4 (1)</td><td>.450</td></tr><tr><td>Rectal injury: No. (%)</td><td>2 (1.6)</td><td>4 (1.8)</td><td>1 (2)</td><td>7 (1.8)</td><td>.986</td></tr><tr><td>Anastomotic insufficiency: No. (%)</td><td>10 (8.1)</td><td>38 (17.3)</td><td>13 (25.5)</td><td>61 (15.5)</td><td>.009</td></tr><tr><td>Hemorrhagic complications: No. (%)</td><td>4 (3.3)</td><td>1 (0.5)</td><td>0</td><td>5 (1.3)</td><td>.058</td></tr><tr><td>Postoperative urinary retention: No. (%)</td><td>0</td><td>2 (0.9)</td><td>1 (2)</td><td>3 (0.8)</td><td>.372</td></tr><tr><td>Lymphocele: No. (%)</td><td>10 (8.1)</td><td>25 (11.4)</td><td>1 (2)</td><td>36 (9.1)</td><td>.099</td></tr><tr><td>Thromboembolic complication: No. (%)</td><td>2 (1.6)</td><td>4 (1.8)</td><td>1 (2)</td><td>7 (1.8)</td><td>.986</td></tr><tr><td>Urinary tract infections: No. (%)</td><td>1 (0.8)</td><td>4 (1.8)</td><td>0</td><td>5 (1.3)</td><td>.499</td></tr><tr><td>SSIs: No. (%)</td><td>5 (4.1)</td><td>28 (12.7)</td><td>2 (3.7)</td><td>35 (8.9)</td><td>.011</td></tr><tr><td>Ileus: No. (%)</td><td>3 (2.4)</td><td>2 (0.9)</td><td>1 (2)</td><td>6 (1.5)</td><td>.520</td></tr><tr><td>Transfusion: No. (%)</td><td>7 (5.7)</td><td>11 (5)</td><td>2 (3.9)</td><td>20 (5.1)</td><td>.887</td></tr><tr><td>Postoperative urethral stricture: No. (%)</td><td>1 (0.8)</td><td>2 (0.9)</td><td>1 (2)</td><td>4 (1)</td><td>.768</td></tr><tr><td>Postoperative ureteral stricture: No. (%)</td><td>0</td><td>1 (0.5)</td><td>0</td><td>1 (0.3)</td><td>.673</td></tr><tr><td>Death: No. (%)</td><td>0</td><td>2 (0.9)</td><td>0</td><td>2 (0.5)</td><td>\u2013</td></tr><tr><td>Reoperations rates: No. (%)</td><td>9 (7.3)</td><td>37 (16.8)</td><td>4 (7.8)</td><td>50 (12.7)</td><td>.022</td></tr><tr><td>Readmission rates with 3 months: No. (%)</td><td>6 (4.9)</td><td>12 (5.5)</td><td>2 (3.9)</td><td>20 (5.1)</td><td>.897</td></tr></table>\n<p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>shorter operating time; however, they likely to have anas-<br>tomotic insufficiency and longer catheter time.</p>\n<h1 id='54' style='font-size:20px'>4 Discussion</h1>\n<br><p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The minimally invasive RP has comparable cancer con-<br>trol outcomes of open prostatectomy, besides faster con-<br>valescence, decreased blood loss and transfusion rates,<br>decreased postoperative pain, and shorter catheteriza-<br>tion time [10\u201312]. The techniques for LRP have been<br>well developed and refined the learning curve becomes<br>shorter than once reported [13].</p>\n<br><p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Between 1962 and 2002, the average life expectancy in<br>the German population increased from 67.1 to 75.6\u00a0years<br>in men and from 72.7 to 81.3\u00a0 years in women with an<br>average gain of approximately 2.2\u00a0 years per decade in<br>both genders [14]. The mean age of men that underwent<br>RP in our study was 67.4 6.7\u00a0 years at the time of sur-<br>\u00b1<br>gery; these men generally had a life expectancy of at least<br>10\u00a0years.</p>\n<br><p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Regarding the BMI, approximately 68% of our patients<br>were overweight and obese, so they had an increased risk<br>of morbidity and mortality according to the literature<br>[15].</p>\n<br><p id='58' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The available literature suggests that the duration of<br>RP procedures decreases with surgeon experience and<br>skill; however, the operating time is longer in RALRP<br>compared to other RP, thus also in all publications due<br>to docking time and learning curve and time which may<br>reach about 60\u00a0min [16].</p>\n<br><p id='59' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>RALRP eases the performance of watertight urethra-<br>vesical anastomosis allows for earlier removal of the<br>Foley catheter. The average time until catheter removal in<br>the RALRP series is 6 to 12\u00a0days that matches our results<br>[17].</p>\n<br><p id='60' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Hospitalization time after surgery remains one of the<br>critical components to medical expenditures for a given<br>surgical procedure and is considered an indicator of a<br>quick recovery and constitutes one of the criteria that<br>patients use to evaluate the success of the surgery. As in<br>our study, a statistically significant difference between<br>groups was found for the length of hospital stay in favor<br>of RALRP.</p>\n<br><p id='61' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>PSMs after RP are uniformly considered an adverse<br>outcome associated with the failure of the surgery to<br>achieve the cure of the PCa [18]. Our data show that<br>patients who underwent RRP were more likely to have<br>PSMs; however, this can be attributed to the inclusion of<br>higher stage and nodal disease in the RRP group.</p>\n<br><p id='62' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The data presented in the literature showed that the<br>perioperative parameters and the main complications<br>rates are better in RALRP than the other types which<br>match with our study; others reported longer hospitaliza-<br>tion and catheterization times, and higher complication<br>rate with RALRP [19\u201321].</p>\n<br><p id='63' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Open conversion from a minimally invasive approach<br>to an open procedure, due to failure to progress or<br>uncertainty of dissection planes, usually occurs during a<br>surgeon\u2019s early experience and not considered a compli-<br>cation by many [22].</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	If you had to evaluate the safety of laparoscopic resection compared to conventional surgery based on the complications reported, what factors would you compare?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 94, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 1818664, "type": "text", "content": "F O R M A T\n\n\n# CHAPTER PAGES\n\n\n \n\n# Next, we\u2019re going to separate all the chapters.\n\n\n \n\nThis will be really important later when we start adding headers \nand footers.\n\n\n \n\nSo put the cursor before any of the text, go to \u201cPage Layout\u201d \n>> \u201cBreaks\u201d and \u201cNext Page.\u201d\n\n\nIf you\u2019ve done this right, the first page will say \u201cFirst page \nFooter, Section 1\u201d and the top of the next page will say \u201cFirst Page \nHeader, Section 2.\u201d\n\n\n75\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2929035, "type": "html", "content": "<br><footer id='414' style='font-size:18px'>1<br>2<br>3<br>4<br>5<br>6<br>7<br>8<br>9<br>10<br>11<br>12<br>13<br>14<br>15<br>16<br>17<br>18<br>19<br>20<br>21<br>22<br>23<br>24</footer>\n<p id='415' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(6) Pages 21 - 24</p>\n<br><footer id='416' style='font-size:18px'>23</footer>\n<br><footer id='417' style='font-size:18px'>24</footer>\n<br><footer id='418' style='font-size:18px'>1<br>2<br>3<br>4<br>5<br>6<br>7<br>8<br>9<br>10<br>11<br>12<br>13<br>14<br>15<br>16<br>17<br>18<br>19<br>20<br>21<br>22<br>23<br>24<br>25</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 919181, "type": "html", "content": "<br><header id='6' style='font-size:18px'>CONTENTS</header>\n<table id='7' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td colspan=\"3\">22 . . . . . .</td><td>. . . 74</td><td>43 . .</td><td></td><td></td><td>. . .</td><td>. . . . 127</td></tr><tr><td>23 .</td><td>. . .</td><td>. . . .</td><td>.</td><td>76</td><td></td><td>44 . . . .</td><td></td><td>. . . . . 130</td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>. .</td><td>. . . . .</td><td>. .</td><td>79</td><td>45</td><td>. . . .</td><td>.</td><td>. . . . 134</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>. .</td><td>. . . . . .</td><td>. 82</td><td></td><td>46</td><td>. .</td><td>. . .</td><td>. . . . 139</td></tr><tr><td>26 . . .</td><td>.</td><td>. . . .</td><td>.</td><td>85</td><td></td><td>47 . . .</td><td>.</td><td>. . . . . 142</td></tr><tr><td>27 . . .</td><td>. .</td><td>. . .</td><td>.</td><td>89</td><td></td><td>48 . . .</td><td>. .</td><td>. . . . 144</td></tr><tr><td>28 . . . . .</td><td></td><td>.</td><td>. . .</td><td>92</td><td></td><td>49 . . . . .</td><td></td><td>. . . . 147</td></tr><tr><td>29 . .</td><td>.</td><td>. . .</td><td>. . .</td><td>94</td><td></td><td>50 . . .</td><td>. . . . .</td><td>. 149</td></tr><tr><td>30 . . .</td><td></td><td>. . . .</td><td>. .</td><td>96</td><td></td><td>51 . . . .</td><td>. . . .</td><td>. 151</td></tr><tr><td>31 . . . .</td><td></td><td>. .</td><td>. . .</td><td>98</td><td>52</td><td>. .</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>32 . . . .</td><td></td><td></td><td>. .</td><td>101</td><td></td><td></td><td>. . .</td><td>. . . . 155</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>. . .</td><td>. .</td><td>105</td><td>53</td><td>.</td><td>. . . . .</td><td>. . . . 158</td></tr><tr><td>33 . 34 . . .</td><td>. . .</td><td>. . . .</td><td>. . . .</td><td>107</td><td>54</td><td>. .</td><td>. . .</td><td>. . . 161</td></tr><tr><td>. . . . .</td><td></td><td>.</td><td>. . . .</td><td>109</td><td>55</td><td>. . . .</td><td>.</td><td>. . . . 164</td></tr><tr><td>35</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>56</td><td>. . . .</td><td>.</td><td>. . . . 168</td></tr><tr><td>36 . . . .</td><td></td><td>. .</td><td>. . . 110 .</td><td>111</td><td>57</td><td>. . .</td><td>. . . .</td><td>. . 170</td></tr><tr><td>37 . .</td><td>.</td><td>. . .</td><td>. . . .</td><td>.</td><td></td><td>58 . . . .</td><td>. .</td><td>. . . 177</td></tr><tr><td>38 . .</td><td>. .</td><td>. .</td><td>113</td><td></td><td></td><td>.</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>39 . .</td><td>. .</td><td>. .</td><td>. . .</td><td>116</td><td></td><td>59 .</td><td>. . .</td><td>. . . . 181</td></tr><tr><td>40 . .</td><td>.</td><td>. . .</td><td>. . .</td><td>119</td><td></td><td>60 .</td><td>. . . . .</td><td>. . . 184</td></tr><tr><td>41 . . .</td><td></td><td>. . .</td><td>. . .</td><td>122</td><td>61</td><td>.</td><td>. . . . . .</td><td>. . 186</td></tr><tr><td>42 . . .</td><td></td><td>. . . . .</td><td>.</td><td>124</td><td>62</td><td>. .</td><td>. . . .</td><td>. . . 189</td></tr></table>\n<footer id='8' style='font-size:18px'>3</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1818674, "type": "text", "content": "F O R M A T\n\n\nBecause this is the first page of a new section, and we\u2019ve \nselected \u201cDifferent First Page\u201d this page should be blank, with no \nheaders and footers, so you can style it like the first Chapter Page.\n\n\n \n\nIn Word, it\u2019s hard to line up everything exactly. The best way \nto get it 100% consistent is to select and copy from just above \nthe first paragraph to the top of the page, including all the spaces \nand Chapter Header, and then pasting it the first page of the next \nchapter. That\u2019s also a little faster than redoing everything manually. \nThen I can just change the text to \u201cChapter Two\u201d.\n\n\n \n\nThe following pages in the book should have the same headers \nand footers, and the page numbers should be automatic. So all \nyou need to do is skip through and adding \u201cNext Page\u201d breaks \nbetween every chapter, and styling the chapter pages.\n\n\n85\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2098439, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='112' style='font-size:18px'>5/12/2021</header>\n<figure><img id='113' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(134,193); bottom-right:(597,542)\" /></figure>\n<br><header id='114' style='font-size:14px'>49</header>\n<figure><img id='115' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(134,655); bottom-right:(595,995)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='116' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>51</p>\n<figure><img id='117' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(134,1113); bottom-right:(596,1451)\" /></figure>\n<br><footer id='118' style='font-size:14px'>53</footer>\n<br><figure><img id='119' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(677,195); bottom-right:(1138,541)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='120' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>50</p>\n<figure><img id='121' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(676,650); bottom-right:(1137,996)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='122' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>52</p>\n<figure><img id='123' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(677,1113); bottom-right:(1137,1452)\" /></figure>\n<br><footer id='124' style='font-size:14px'>54</footer>\n<footer id='125' style='font-size:18px'>9</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 49781, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='10' style='font-size:18px'>Get Free Do Poklidn Mod Under The Never Sky 3</h1>\n<p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Page 6/7</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2747955, "type": "text", "content": "front page\n\n\nFigure 4: Layout of a good document, heuristic for the number of pages of a\ngood \ndocument is 4 \u2264 nrof pages \u2264 20\n\n\norganizations tend to make documents with up to 10 pages of overhead infor- \nmation. Many people are interrupted by phone, calendar, e-mail, or person\nbefore \nreaching page three. The overhead de facto inhibits people to read the\ncontents of \nbadly written documents3.\n\n\n \n\nThe contents of a well written document ought to be optimized to get the \nessential information transferred. The reader community exists of different\npeople, \nwith differing reading and learning styles. To get information across the\ninfor- \nmation must be visualized (diagrams), structured and summarized (tables and\nlists) \nand, to a limited extend, explained in text.\n\n\n \n\nOnce a document start its life cycle, the next risk is that the document keeps \ngrowing Authors have the tendency to transform comments and critiques of\nreaders \nin explaining text. Unfortunately, large sections of text hide the key\ninformation, \nand violation of the maximum of 20 pages gets probable. It is better to\ntranslate \nthe comments and critiques back into an improved diagram, table or list.\nAuthors \nhave to \ufb01nd the root cause of reader comments. For example an unclear diagram \ngives rise to misunderstanding.\n\n\n \n\nAnother frequent occurring trap is the extension of a document with missing \ncontext information. For instance, if the higher level speci\ufb01cation is\nmissing, parts \nof that speci\ufb01cation are included in the lower level speci\ufb01cation. An\neffective \ncounter measure for this trap is to write the speci\ufb01cation structure, showing\nthe \ncontext and enabling to write the context later step by step. This strategy\nresults in \ndocuments that are more focused, have a better cohesion internally, and have\nless \ncoupling with other documents.\n\n\n \n\nThe heuristic mentioned in Figure 4 is that a good document should have 4 or \nmore pages. This minimum should trigger people with the question if the infor- \nmation in a very small document has a right of existence on its own. The ratio \noverhead versus payload for very small documents is unbalanced. There are a \nsmall documents were the small size is appropriate.\n\n\n3Often the situation is much worse than described here. In name of\n\u201cstandardization\u201d these \ncounterproductive layouts are made mandatory, forcing everyone to create\nthresholds for readers!\n\n\nGerrit Muller \nGranularity of Documentation \nMarch 27, 2021 version: 1.2\n\n\n \nUSN-SE \npage: 7\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2747964, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='81' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>front page</p>\n<br><figure data-category='chart'><img id='82' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"1. aap\ntitle\n2. noot\nidentification 3. mies\nauthor history diagrams\nlists\ndistribution changes\nstatus\nand ca 50%\nreview\ntables text\nmeta information contents\nmax 2 pages 2..18 pages\" data-coord=\"top-left:(406,275); bottom-right:(833,459)\" /></figure>\n<p id='83' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Figure 4: Layout of a good document, heuristic for the number of pages of a good<br>document is 4 \u2264 nrof pages \u2264 20</p>\n<p id='84' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>organizations tend to make documents with up to 10 pages of overhead infor-<br>mation. Many people are interrupted by phone, calendar, e-mail, or person before<br>reaching page three. The overhead de facto inhibits people to read the contents of<br>badly written documents3.</p>\n<br><p id='85' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>The contents of a well written document ought to be optimized to get the<br>essential information transferred. The reader community exists of different people,<br>with differing reading and learning styles. To get information across the infor-<br>mation must be visualized (diagrams), structured and summarized (tables and lists)<br>and, to a limited extend, explained in text.</p>\n<br><p id='86' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Once a document start its life cycle, the next risk is that the document keeps<br>growing Authors have the tendency to transform comments and critiques of readers<br>in explaining text. Unfortunately, large sections of text hide the key information,<br>and violation of the maximum of 20 pages gets probable. It is better to translate<br>the comments and critiques back into an improved diagram, table or list. Authors<br>have to \ufb01nd the root cause of reader comments. For example an unclear diagram<br>gives rise to misunderstanding.</p>\n<br><p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Another frequent occurring trap is the extension of a document with missing<br>context information. For instance, if the higher level speci\ufb01cation is missing, parts<br>of that speci\ufb01cation are included in the lower level speci\ufb01cation. An effective<br>counter measure for this trap is to write the speci\ufb01cation structure, showing the<br>context and enabling to write the context later step by step. This strategy results in<br>documents that are more focused, have a better cohesion internally, and have less<br>coupling with other documents.</p>\n<br><p id='88' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>The heuristic mentioned in Figure 4 is that a good document should have 4 or<br>more pages. This minimum should trigger people with the question if the infor-<br>mation in a very small document has a right of existence on its own. The ratio<br>overhead versus payload for very small documents is unbalanced. There are a<br>small documents were the small size is appropriate.</p>\n<p id='89' data-category='footnote' style='font-size:18px'>3Often the situation is much worse than described here. In name of \u201cstandardization\u201d these<br>counterproductive layouts are made mandatory, forcing everyone to create thresholds for readers!</p>\n<p id='90' data-category='footnote' style='font-size:16px'>Gerrit Muller<br>Granularity of Documentation<br>March 27, 2021 version: 1.2</p>\n<br><footer id='91' style='font-size:20px'>USN-SE<br>page: 7</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2293588, "type": "text", "content": " \n\nTABLE OF CONTENTS \n(continued)\n\n\nPage\n\n\n \n\n58\n\n\n \n\n58\n\n\n \n\n58\n\n\n \n\n59\n\n\n \n\n59\n\n\n \n\n60\n\n\n \n\n60\n\n\n \n\n60\n\n\n \n\n60\n\n\n61\n\n\n \n\n61\n\n\n61\n\n\n \n\n62\n\n\n \n\n62\n\n\n \n\n63\n\n\n \n\n66\n\n\n \n\n66\n\n\n \n\n67\n\n\n \n\n68\n\n\n \n\n69\n\n\n \n\n70\n\n\n \n\n70\n\n\n \n\n70\n\n\n \n\n71\n\n\n \n\n71\n\n\n \n\n71\n\n\n \n\n72\n\n\n \n\n72\n\n\n \n\n72\n\n\n \n\n72\n\n\n \n\n72\n\n\n \n\n73\n\n\n \n\n73\n\n\n \n\n73\n\n\n \n\n74\n\n\n \n\n74\n\n\n \n\n75\n\n\n-ii-\n\n\n \n\n77\n\n\n \n\n78\n\n\n \n\n78\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 49780, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='8' style='font-size:18px'>Get Free Do Poklidn Mod Under The Never Sky 3</h1>\n<p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Page 5/7</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}]	Assume that the pages are organized into a sequence and each section spans multiple pages. If a section starts on page 5 and ends on page 6, which portions of the document does this section cover in terms of total pages?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 99, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 3511514, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='0' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Curriculum Vita<br>September 2014</p>\n<p id='1' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>I nstructor: Janice LaMendola<br>Academic Department: Curriculum and Instruction</p>\n<p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>U niversity Address: Curriculum and Instruction<br>Texas A&M University-Commerce<br>PO Box 3011<br>Commerce, TX 75429-3011</p>\n<p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>U niversity Email: Janice.LaMendola@tamuc.edu</p>\n<p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>EDUCATION</p>\n<p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Masters of Science Early Childhood Education<br>Texas A&M University \u2013 Commerce, 2010</p>\n<p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>B . A. Business Administration<br>University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 1994</p>\n<p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>A ssociates of Arts in Business<br>Kankakee Community College, 1991</p>\n<p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>TEACHING EXPERIENCE</p>\n<p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>1 996-Present, Early Childhood Educator, Greenhill School<br>2009-present Kindergarten Teacher<br>1997-2008 Primer Teacher<br>1996-97 Lucinda Carter Teaching Fellow</p>\n<p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>1 995-1996, Substitute Teacher, Carrollton-Farmers Branch ISD</p>\n<p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>RESEARCH GRANTS AND AWARDS</p>\n<p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>2 012 Preschool Teacher of the Year, Academy of Arts and Sciences<br>2 012 Alumni Ambassador, Curriculum and Instruction, Texas A&M- Commerce</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1207797, "type": "text", "content": "AS: Drama\n\n\n \n\nCaryl Churchill, Andrew Bovell and Moises Kaufman. \nA range of writing processes will be explored, leading \nto a variety of end-products \u2013 for example, from \nscene-work to the development of treatment for multi- \nmedia performance; from dramaturgical and/or \ncritical approaches to script analysis to the \ndevelopment of short play scripts. Participants will \nconsider the place of playwriting in the drama/theatre \nclassroom and pedagogical implications.\n\n\n# A AU20D Traditional Theatre: Styles and Conventions\n\n\nThis course examines the importance and role of \ntraditional theatre in Asian and Western contexts \nsuch as Kathakali, Noh, Greek and Commedia \ndell\u2019Arte, with particular emphasis on the \nperformance styles and conventions that continue to \nbe used in contemporary intercultural and \ninterdisciplinary theatre and drama practice. It \nengages students in research, practice and \ndiscussion on the historical, political, theoretical, \npractical and philosophical relevance of traditional \ntheatre, drawing from a range of resources that \ninclude performance theory, published texts, audio- \nvisual recordings, live performances and practical \nworkshops. Student teachers will learn how to \ncritically approach, analyse and apply these materials \nas contemporary learners, and draw from, apply and \ncreate workshop performances that experiment with \ntraditional elements, styles and conventions.\n\n\nA AU20E Devising Theatre: Methods and Practices\n\n\nThis course will engage student teachers in \ncontemporary approaches for devising theatre that \ninclude improvisation, storytelling, scene-building and\n\n\n267\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2063928, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='8' style='font-size:14px'>(page 2 of 2)<br>Andmarikis@gmail.com<br>(419) 571-9358</header>\n<br><p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>1638 W. Granville Ave. Apt. 3<br>Chicago, IL</p>\n<br><h1 id='10' style='font-size:20px'>ANDREW MARIKIS</h1>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Curriculum Vitae</p>\n<table id='12' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td colspan=\"2\">RESUME CONTINUED ON SECOND PAGE</td></tr><tr><td>TEACHING ARTISTRY</td><td>ADVENTURE STAGE CHICAGO CHICAGO, IL TEACHING ARTIST FEBRUARY 2014 TO JANUARY 2018 \u25cf Collaborated with classroom teachers to create original residency curriculum that extended classroom goals for SEL and critical literacy through creative dramatics \u25cf Worked as teaching artist in classrooms from grades two through six to write, tell, and dramatize original student stories TRAILBLAZERS LEAD TEACHER & CAMP COUNSELOR JUNE 2014 TO SEPTEMBER 2017 \u25cf Guided the creation and performance of original plays with an ensemble of middle- and high-school-aged artists alongside adult artists by facilitating community conversations, developing critical literacy, and teaching performance and ELA skills \u25cf Designed logistical structure and curriculum for a, eight-week, full-day theatre summer camp for grades 4 through 12 \u25cf Facilitated and taught theatre, critical literacy, and SEL skills in collaboration with another Co-Lead Counselor for a full-time summer day camp WRITERS THEATRE GLENCOE, IL TEACHING ARTIST DECEMBER 2016 TO AUGUST 2019 \u25cf Designed and implemented customized curriculum for an arts residency in collaboration with a classroom teacher to support classroom SEL, arts, and language arts learning targets with creative dramatics \u25cf Provided valuable PD to classroom teachers in the ongoing use of creative dramatics in their classrooms FILAMENT THEATRE CLEVELAND, OH TEACHING ARTIST & THEATRE ARTIST APRIL 2016 TO PRESENT \u25cf In collaboration with other teaching artists, designs week-long camp curriculum for young people between third and eighth grade. \u25cf Acted in, improvised in, and designed guidelines for productions for young adults GREAT LAKES THEATER FESTIVAL CLEVELAND, OH ACTOR TEACHER AUGUST 2005 TO JUNE 2007 \u25cf Taught drama, ELA, and SEL skills to grades PreK through 12 through classroom residencies that implemented creative dramatics to extend classroom learning</td></tr><tr><td>ADDITIONAL EDUCATION & CERTIFICATIONS</td><td>BALDWIN-WALLACE UNIVERSITY BEREA, OH BACHELOR OF ARTS IN THEATRE AND ENGLISH DECEMBER 2004 AMERICAN RED CROSS PEDIATRIC CPR / FIRST AID CERTIFIED, CURRENT</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TECHNICAL & SPECIAL SKILLS</td><td>PROFICIENT IN: Microsoft Suite (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, & Outlook); Google Suite (Classroom, Sheets, Slides, Docs, & Drive); Remote communication technologies (Zoom, Skype); Audio/Video editing (iMovie, WeVideo, Youtube) EXCELLENT AT: Remote and hybrid teaching, Student engagement, Public speaking, Acting, Directing, & Creative dramatics, curriculum design</td></tr></table>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 874205, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='94' style='font-size:16px'>James B. McCarthy, Ed.M, MFA</h1>\n<br><h1 id='95' style='font-size:16px'>Curriculum Vitae</h1>\n<p id='96' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Our Common Voice: Animals and Humans Together<br>Stripes and Stars<br>Rhymes and Reasons: A John Denver Retrospective<br>Spine Tinglers<br>Wacky Wisdom: Fools and Tricksters<br>Beyond Endurance: Shackleton<br>When I First Came To This Land: Immigrant Stories</p>\n<h1 id='97' style='font-size:20px'>Playwriting\t\r \u00a0</h1>\n<h1 id='98' style='font-size:14px'>W hen the Wild Smiled 1994</h1>\n<br><p id='99' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>An original work which brings four stories of animals helping people to the stage. A bear from<br>the Arctic, a tiger in China, a crane from the US and a python from Africa each provide<br>friendship in a person\u2019s time of need. Each story is set in a style inspired by indigenous traditions.<br>Written and performed in partial fulfillment of the MFA at the University of Hawaii.</p>\n<h1 id='100' style='font-size:14px'>H ow the King Found Christmas 1990</h1>\n<br><p id='101' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Written in rhymed verse, this short play tells the tale of a once-merry King whose disillusionment<br>with Christmas is dispelled through the playing out of The Cherry Tree Carol by his clownis court<br>magicians. Also features original settings for several other traditional carols. Written and<br>performed at Flint Hill School.</p>\n<h1 id='102' style='font-size:14px'>P haraoh\u2019s Dilemma</h1>\n<br><p id='103' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>1989</p>\n<br><p id='104' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>This vignette, set in the time of Rameses the Great, reflects the challenge of maintaining<br>governmental stability while cutting back on expenditures and revenues. Written as curriculum<br>aid to focus discussion about America\u2019s changing role in global issues, during residency at<br>Governor\u2019s School on Public Issues and the Future of New Jersey.</p>\n<h1 id='105' style='font-size:14px'>C omic Sketches</h1>\n<br><h1 id='106' style='font-size:14px'>1976-80</h1>\n<br><p id='107' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>A series of absurdist comedy pieces written in collaboration with Edward Morgan (Appalachian<br>Voices, The Calhoun\u2019s Last Ride, The Salmon in the Many-Colored Land) while working at<br>A.R.E Camp. Also, I Got That Lizard, Platypus Professors, and A Surreal Shovelful.</p>\n<p id='108' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Playwriting as Principal Writer Leading Children\u2019s Ensemble or Class in Creating/Adapting a Play</p>\n<p id='109' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>T he Three Sillies 1994</p>\n<br><p id='110' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>A suitor finds that there are people in the world siller than his in-laws. (Written with, and for<br>performance by, eight- and nine-year-olds).<br>Orphan Boy and the Elk Dog 1994<br>A Blackfoot tale of the discovery of horses. (Written with, and for performance by, eight- and<br>nine-year-olds).<br>The Amazing Bone 1994<br>A talking bone saves a girl-pig\u2019s life. Play features a chorus of voices as the bone. (Written with,<br>and for performance by, eight- and nine-year-olds).<br>The Magic Python 1994<br>Using children as a cave that dances and a singing snake, this piece was written with and<br>performed by ten through twelve-year-olds.<br>The Magician\u2019s Problem 1994</p>\n<h1 id='111' style='font-size:16px'>\t\r \u00a0</h1>\n<br><footer id='112' style='font-size:16px'>6\t\r \u00a0</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 101792, "type": "text", "content": "# TEACHING EXPERIENCE\n\n\n2001-current Commerce ISD Theatre Arts I, II, III and IV, Film Studies\n(2014-current), Theatre \nArts Grades 7 & 8 (2002-2003), Communication Applications (2004-2014), World\nGeography \nStudies (2001-2002) and UIL Campus Coordinator (2002-current)\n\n\n1 998-2001 Booker T Washington School for the Performing and Visual Arts\nDallas, Texas \nAdvanced Playwriting II & III, Communication Applications (2000-2001)\n\n\n1 990-1991 Tarrant County College-Northeast Campus, Hurst, Texas Adjunct\nTheatre \nAppreciation and Individual Studies Project-Costuming\n\n\n1 989-1990 East Texas State University, Commerce, Texas Adjunct Introduction\nto Public \nSpeaking\n\n\n1 981-1983 East Texas State University, Commerce, Texas Graduate Assistant\nIntroduction to \nPublic Speaking and Costume Shop Supervisor\n\n\n# AWARDS AND RECOGNITIONS\n\n\n2 010 Commerce High School Teacher of the Year as selected by the Sophomore\nClass \n2009 Commerce High School Teacher of the Year \nApril 2006 Commerce High School Teacher of the Month\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 874195, "type": "text", "content": "# James B. McCarthy, Ed.M, MFA\n\n\n \n\n# Curriculum Vitae\n\n\nOur Common Voice: Animals and Humans Together \nStripes and Stars \nRhymes and Reasons: A John Denver Retrospective \nSpine Tinglers \nWacky Wisdom: Fools and Tricksters \nBeyond Endurance: Shackleton \nWhen I First Came To This Land: Immigrant Stories\n\n\n# Playwriting\n\n\n# W hen the Wild Smiled 1994\n\n\n \n\nAn original work which brings four stories of animals helping people to the\nstage. A bear from \nthe Arctic, a tiger in China, a crane from the US and a python from Africa\neach provide \nfriendship in a person\u2019s time of need. Each story is set in a style inspired\nby indigenous traditions. \nWritten and performed in partial fulfillment of the MFA at the University of\nHawaii.\n\n\n# H ow the King Found Christmas 1990\n\n\n \n\nWritten in rhymed verse, this short play tells the tale of a once-merry King\nwhose disillusionment \nwith Christmas is dispelled through the playing out of The Cherry Tree Carol\nby his clownis court \nmagicians. Also features original settings for several other traditional\ncarols. Written and \nperformed at Flint Hill School.\n\n\n# P haraoh\u2019s Dilemma\n\n\n \n\n1989\n\n\n \n\nThis vignette, set in the time of Rameses the Great, reflects the challenge of\nmaintaining \ngovernmental stability while cutting back on expenditures and revenues.\nWritten as curriculum \naid to focus discussion about America\u2019s changing role in global issues, during\nresidency at \nGovernor\u2019s School on Public Issues and the Future of New Jersey.\n\n\n# C omic Sketches\n\n\n \n\n# 1976-80\n\n\n \n\nA series of absurdist comedy pieces written in collaboration with Edward\nMorgan (Appalachian \nVoices, The Calhoun\u2019s Last Ride, The Salmon in the Many-Colored Land) while\nworking at \nA.R.E Camp. Also, I Got That Lizard, Platypus Professors, and A Surreal\nShovelful.\n\n\nPlaywriting as Principal Writer Leading Children\u2019s Ensemble or Class in\nCreating/Adapting a Play\n\n\nT he Three Sillies 1994\n\n\n \n\nA suitor finds that there are people in the world siller than his in-laws.\n(Written with, and for \nperformance by, eight- and nine-year-olds). \nOrphan Boy and the Elk Dog 1994 \nA Blackfoot tale of the discovery of horses. (Written with, and for\nperformance by, eight- and \nnine-year-olds). \nThe Amazing Bone 1994 \nA talking bone saves a girl-pig\u2019s life. Play features a chorus of voices as\nthe bone. (Written with, \nand for performance by, eight- and nine-year-olds). \nThe Magic Python 1994 \nUsing children as a cave that dances and a singing snake, this piece was\nwritten with and \nperformed by ten through twelve-year-olds. \nThe Magician\u2019s Problem 1994\n\n\n#\n\n\n \n6\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 874196, "type": "text", "content": "# James B. McCarthy, Ed.M, MFA\n\n\n \n\n# Curriculum Vitae\n\n\nThis wonderful story by a group of five through seven-year-olds featured a\ntime machine, a \nbrontosaurus and an ocean. Each was made up of children using motions and\nsounds appropriate \nto the entity in question.\n\n\n \n\nThe Waltz 1993 \nBased on the story by Dorothy Parker, this slapstick dance routine was created\nin collaboration \nwith and performed by high school seniors at the Governor\u2019s School on Public\nIssues. \nHershel and the Hanukkah Goblins 1991 \nAn elaboration of Eric A. Kimmel\u2019s children\u2019s story. Written with and\nperformed by sixth \nthrough eighth graders for Flint Hill School\u2019s second annual Winter Holiday\nCelebration. \nHow the Grinch Stole Christmas 1991 \nDr Seuss for the stage. Written with and performed by sixth through eighth\ngraders for Flint Hill \nSchool\u2019s second annual Winter Holiday Celebration. \nChristmas in the Trenches 1989 \nA staged version of the true story told in John McCutcheon\u2019s song \u201cChristmas\nin the Trenches.\u201d \nWritten with, and performed by, fifty sixth-grade boys for St Stephen\u2019s\nSchool\u2019s first-ever \nChristmas play.\n\n\nP laywriting as Principal Writer/Facilitator of Performances Focused on\nRaising Social Concerns \n(all work at Governor\u2019s School on Public Issues and the Future of New Jersey)\n\n\n# W all of the Missing\n\n\n \n\nPoetry and movement montage about the plight of missing persons in Central\nAmerica. \nDeveloped with students. \nThe Journey \nFull-length recreation based on Joseph Campbell\u2019s monomyth work. Written with\nstudents. \nRide On (Tubman and Parks) \nDramatic work about two leaders in the African-American struggle. \nFreedom Everywhere (Voices of Tienanmen Square, Minutemen, Warsaw Ghetto) \nDramatic work based on the heroes of young people around the world, throughout\nhistory. \nDeveloped with students. \nThe Common Strength \nSeven ordinary people and the models for heroism that they inspire. Developed\nwith students. \nO Beautiful for Spacious Skies? \nIn the Family \nMosaic \nBring it With You\n\n\nP laywriting: Story Development and Research for Collaborative Works with\nPrincipal Writers\n\n\n# D -Force\n\n\n \n\nDeveloped story, format, and characters as well as writing foundational\nsketches for University of \nHawaii Youth Theatre production. Principal writer: Eric Shmiedl. \nValley of the Doll\u2019s House \nPart of writing team for post-modern full-length reworking of Ibsen\u2019s A Doll\u2019s\nHouse. Created \noriginal material and edited the work of other ensemble members. Principal\nwriter: Debra \nMargolin. \nNative Voices, Native Earth \nWorked with ensemble to adapt Native American stories for performance in\nVirginia schools \nthrough Young Audiences of Virginia. Principal writer: Edward Morgan.\n\n\n\n\n\n \n7\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 101791, "type": "text", "content": "Curriculum Vita for \nKarri N. Anderson \nJanuary 2017\n\n\nA cademic Department: Theatre\n\n\nU niversity Address: Theatre \nPerforming Arts Center \nTexas A&M; University-Commerce \nPO Box 3011 \nCommerce, TX 75429-3011\n\n\nO ffice Phone: 903-886-3756 x808 \nUniversity Email Address: karri.anderson@tamuc.edu\n\n\nEDUCATION\n\n\n2 001-2003 Texas A&M; University-Commerce \u2013 Certification Secondary Theatre\nArts (Grades \n6-12), Secondary Speech (Grade 6-12), and Special Education (Grades EC-12)\n\n\n1 981-1983 East Texas State University, Commerce, Texas \u2013 Master of\nScience/Theatre\n\n\n1 979-1981 East Texas State University, Commerce, Texas \u2013 Bachelor of\nScience/Theatre and \nEnglish (Double Major), graduated with High Honors, Honors Thesis No. 289 \u200bL\nillian Hellman: A \nComparative Study Of Her Life And Writings , writing as Karri Nichols.\n\n\n1 977-1979 -Richland College-Dallas County Community College District, Dallas,\nTexas \u2013 \nAssociate of Arts/General Studies\n\n\nTEXAS EDUCATOR CERTIFICATES\n\n\nS econdary Theatre Arts Grades (6-12) expires 2021 \nSecondary Speech Communications Grades (6-12) expires 2021 \nSpecial Education Grades (EC-12) expires 2021\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3076803, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='103' style='font-size:20px'>P L A Y W R I T I N G</h1>\n<h1 id='104' style='font-size:22px'>Producing<br>P L A Y W R I G H T S</h1>\n<h1 id='105' style='font-size:18px'>by Amanda Davison</h1>\n<br><p id='106' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>In and dramatic literature, the Master of Arts<br>addition to the study of theatre history<br>in Theatre program at UMKC offers an<br>educational track which emphasizes playwriting.<br>Sydney Harvey enrolled this past year in the<br>graduate theatre department to focus on writing<br>plays like her most recent one, Falling in Love on<br>Stage. A Kansas City native, Sydney says of her<br>hometown, \u201cThe theatre culture in this town is<br>magnificent and feels like one giant community of<br>creative minds inspiring each other. I am excited<br>to produce my own work and see it performed in<br>the city where I live.\u201d</p>\n<br><p id='107' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Andrew Hagerty, who graduated with his<br>M.A. in Theatre in spring of 2016, says about his<br>experience studying playwriting under Professor<br>Frank Higgins, \u201cHis teaching style was really<br>conducive to helping my creativity expand and<br>learning how to apply fundamental philosophies<br>to my own process and beliefs. I was able to dig<br>in and discover what is theatrically important to<br>me, and I was able to share that with audiences.\u201d<br>Among Andrew\u2019s other accomplishments, this<br>past year the Shawnee Mission Education</p>\n<br><figure><img id='108' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(620,109); bottom-right:(1539,636)\" /></figure>\n<p id='109' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Foundation commissioned him to write a play<br>for the hearing impaired. His play, We Share<br>a Language, was performed by students from<br>Westridge Middle School and the Kansas School<br>for the Deaf in American Sign Language with<br>shadow interpreting.</p>\n<br><p id='110' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The playwriting class is unique in that it is<br>open to students at the university from various<br>disciplines. Sabrina Verozci, a Creative Writing<br>graduate student, has achieved considerable<br>success as a result of Frank Higgins\u2019 methods.<br>Sabrina says, \u201cFrank Higgins is just amazing to<br>work with. I\u2019ve never had a teacher who was so<br>generous with his time and resources.\u201d Her play<br>The Fledgling is a finalist in the Adirondack</p>\n<br><p id='111' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Marica Davis and Catherine Mungai in A Night of Growing Up<br>by Andrew Hagerty at UMKC, The Playwright Project<br>photo by micah thompson</p>\n<p id='112' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Shakespeare Company\u2019s 2016 Dramatic<br>Writing contest and is being workshopped at<br>the HAMLET Conference in upstate New York<br>this October.</p>\n<p id='113' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>\u201cThe theatre culture in this<br>town is magnificent and feels<br>like one giant community<br>of creative minds inspiring<br>each other.\u201d</p>\n<br><p id='114' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>\u2013 Sydney Harvey,<br>Playwriting</p>\n<footer id='115' style='font-size:16px'>25</footer>\n<br><footer id='116' style='font-size:14px'>UMKCTHEATRE.ORG</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1850944, "type": "text", "content": "Professor, Secondary and Higher Education, and Director, Center for Community \nCollege Education, Texas A&M; University-Commerce, 2002-2005. \nAssociate Professor, Secondary and Higher Education, and Director, Center for \nCommunity College Education, Texas A&M; University-Commerce, 1998- \n2002. \nAssistant Professor, Secondary and Higher Education, and Director, Center for \nCommunity College Education, Texas A&M; University-Commerce, 1992- \n1998. \nAdjunct Instructor, Humanities, Rio Salado Community College, Phoenix, AZ,\n1992. \nAdjunct Instructor, Communication, Gateway Community College, Phoenix, AZ, \n1991. \nIntern, Maricopa County Community College District, Phoenix, AZ, 1989-1990, \n1991-1992. \nGraduate Assistant, Bureau of Educational Research and Services, Arizona State \nUniversity, Tempe, AZ, 1989-1990, 1991-1992. \nCoordinator of Staff Development, Maricopa County Community College District, \nPhoenix, AZ, 1990-1991. \nIntern, Arizona Department of Education, Phoenix, AZ, 1990. \nAdjunct Instructor, Communication, Rio Salado Community College, Phoenix, AZ, \n1989. \nAssistant Professor, Theatre and Communication, Henderson State University, \nArkadelphia, AR, 1985-1988. \nAdjunct Instructor, Theatre, Yavapai College, Prescott, AZ, 1984. \nInstructor, Theatre and Communication, Prescott High School, Prescott, AZ,\n1981- \n1985.\n\n\n \n\n# P rofessionally Related\n\n\n \n\nEditorial review board, Teaching & Learning: The Journal of Natural Inquiry\nand \nReflective Practice, 1997-present. \nBook Review Editor, Journal of Faculty Development, 1997-present. \nConsulting Editor, ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Reports, 1997-2001. \nReviewer, Allyn & Bacon, John Wiley & Sons, Community College Review, ASHE, \nJournal of Higher Education, New Directions for Community Colleges. \nConsultant--Evaluation Task Force, Postsecondary Integration of Applied \nMethodology Project, Texas State Technical College, 1998-99. \nConsultant--strategic planning, Northeast Texas Community College, 1996.\n\n\nCOMMITTEE MEMBERSHIPS\n\n\nUniversity\n\n\n \n\nChair, Graduate Council Committee on Curriculum, 2014-present \nChair, Graduate Council Committee on Administration, 2008-2011 \nChair, Graduate Studies and Research ad hoc hearing committee, 2009 \nVice-Chair, Graduate Council, 2002-2005; 2006-2008. \nChair, Graduate Council Committee on Graduate Faculty, Research, &\nInstruction, \n2000-2005\n\n\n2\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Karri N. Anderson has held different teaching roles since 1981. Given her experiences at Commerce ISD and other institutions, determine which of her teaching roles involved instructing in theatrical playwriting.	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 105, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 23337, "type": "text", "content": "# EPRS Vulnerability of unaccompanied and separated child migrants\n\n\nmigrants, including children. This can lead to serious restrictions on their\nhuman rights, \nincluding restricted access to services such as education, housing and\nhealthcare in the \nreceiving state. An example of this is where countries require registration\nwith a \ngovernment authority to access certain public services, thus inhibiting access\nfor \nindividuals not regularly residing within that state. Due to lack of\ninformation, \ninterpretation and guidance, migrant children may experience restricted access\nto such \nservices. In many countries, unaccompanied and separated children are\nroutinely denied \nentry, or detained by border or immigration officials. In other cases, they\nare admitted \nbut are denied access to asylum procedures or their asylum claims are not\nhandled in an \nage and gender-sensitive manner. Applying for family reunification may also be\ndeterred. \nMany such children are granted only temporary status, which ends when they\nturn 18, \nand there are few effective return programmes.\n\n\n \n\nFigure 2: Children on the Move Globally in 2015 (absolute numbers)\n\n\n \n\n# Date Source: Unicef (2016).\n\n\n \n\nUnicef has calculated that more than 100 countries worldwide are detaining\nchildren for \nmigration-related reasons. The exact number of children who face detention\nsolely \nbecause of their migration status is not known, but detention\u2019s lasting\nconsequences for \nchildren are clearly documented. In 2012, the Committee on the Rights of the\nChild \nemphatically condemned the practice of detention of a child because of their\nor their \nparent\u2019s migration status, stating that it constitutes a child-rights\nviolation and always \ncontravenes the principle of the best interests of the child. The lack of a\nbest-interests \ndetermination procedure may also lead to a number of human rights violations,\nincluding \nthe detention of children and their deportation, as well as the separation of\nchildren from \ntheir parents, contrary to the principle of family unity, provided for in the\nPreamble and \nArticles 9 and 10 of the CRC. In its General Comment No 6 (2005) on the\ntreatment of \nunaccompanied and separated children outside their countries of origin, the\nCommittee \non the Rights of the Child stated that unaccompanied and separated children\nshould not, \nas a general rule, be detained, and detention cannot be justified solely on\nthe basis of \ntheir migratory or residence status, or lack thereof, nor should children be\ncriminalised \nsolely for reasons of irregular entry or presence in a country. States should\ninstead \nappoint a guardian as soon as the unaccompanied or separated child is\nidentified, and \nmaintain such guardianship arrangements until the child has either reached the\nage of \nmajority or has permanently left the territory and/or jurisdiction of the\nstate.\n\n\n \n\nThe international legal framework for children\u2019s rights\n\n\n \n\nThe Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and its optional protocols \nSeveral international treaties afford children\u2019s rights that are, or can be,\naffected during \nor after the migration process. At the foundation of the international\nframework for \nchildren\u2019s rights is the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), which\nprescribes\n\n\nMembers' Research Service\n\n\n \nPage 5 of 12\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2081810, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='78' style='font-size:20px'>Detention of children</h1>\n<h1 id='79' style='font-size:20px'>General principles</h1>\n<br><p id='80' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Article 11 of the recast Reception Conditions Directive also contains specific provisions on the detention<br>of children. ECRE reiterates that children should never be detained as this is never in their best interests.117<br>Their double vulnerability, stemming firstly from their inherently vulnerable status as asylum seekers and<br>secondly as children, and specific needs are decisive factors which must take priority over considerations<br>of immigration control.118</p>\n<p id='81' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>While ECRE opposes the detention of children and would have preferred a clear ban on the detention of<br>asylum-seeking children in the Directive, it is acknowledged that Article 11 of the recast Reception Condi-<br>tions Directive emphasises the exceptional nature of this particularly vulnerable group by stating that minors<br>are only detained \u201cas a measure of last resort\u201d and where alternatives to detention cannot effectively be<br>applied and \u201cfor the shortest period of time\u201d. Moreover, both with regard to accompanied and unaccompa-<br>nied children Article 11(2) and (3) impose a positive obligation on Member States to undertake \u201call efforts\u201d<br>to release them and place them in accommodation suitable for minors.119 ECRE urges Member States to<br>transpose these obligations in such way as to respect the best interests of the child.120 If nevertheless, Mem-<br>ber States choose to maintain the possibility to detain asylum-seeking children, ECRE reminds Member<br>States that also CPT standards emphasise, owing to the particular vulnerability of a child, the need to ob-<br>serve additional safeguards whenever a child is detained, particularly in those cases where the children are<br>separated from their parents or other carers, or are unaccompanied, without parents, carers or relatives.121</p>\n<h1 id='82' style='font-size:20px'>Accompanied children</h1>\n<br><p id='83' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>In the case of children accompanied by their families, the primordial importance of keeping the family to-<br>gether has been stressed not only as a component of the best interests principle, but also as an integral part<br>of Article 3 ECHR protection.122 Yet the prescriptions of the \u201cbest interests\u201d principle carry particularly strong<br>weight against detaining families with children. The burden of proof that it is in a child\u2019s best interests to be<br>placed in detention with his or her family members rather than being free, is entirely on the State authorities<br>and would be highly onerous to discharge. Even where a child is accompanied, it is crucial to recall that<br>the ECtHR has sanctioned detention in places inappropriate to meet the needs of children under Article 3.123</p>\n<h1 id='84' style='font-size:20px'>Unaccompanied children</h1>\n<br><p id='85' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Under Article 11(3), unaccompanied children are only to be detained \u201cin exceptional circumstances\u201d. While<br>the recast Reception Conditions Directive does not define the exceptional circumstances or specify how<br>they differ from the last-resort approach taken for other minors, the best interests principle should be the<br>central point of reference for justifying the legality of detention. Read appropriately, the principle leaves very<br>narrow scope for Member States to detain unaccompanied children, as doing so adversely affects their<br>physical and mental health, precludes their access to education and exacerbates their vulnerability.124 As<br>will be discussed below, in ECRE\u2019s view, detention would never amount to \u201caccommodation suitable for<br>minors\u201d, as required by Article 24(2)(d) of the recast Reception Conditions Directive. Moreover, the deten-<br>tion of unaccompanied children in premises not suitably adapted to their needs has been sanctioned as</p>\n<p id='86' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>117.\u200a ECRE, Reception and Detention in light of the Charter, 82.<br>118.\u200a ECRE, Amicus Curiae in Bilalova v Poland, par. 26, citing ECtHR, Tarakhel v Switzerland, Application No<br>29217/12, Judgment of 4 November 2014, par. 99, Mayeka and Mitunga v Belgium, par. 55 and Popov v France,<br>Application No 39472/07, Judgment of 19 April 2012, par. 91.<br>119.\u200a ECRE, 2011 RCD Comments, 16-17.<br>120.\u200a Article 3 CRC; Article 24(2) EU Charter; Articles 11(2) and 23(2) recast Reception Conditions Directive.<br>121.\u200a These include that as soon as possible after the presence of a child becomes known to the authorities, a profes-<br>sionally qualified person should conduct an initial interview, in a language the child understands. An assessment<br>should be made of the child\u2019s particular vulnerabilities, including from the standpoints of age, health, psychosocial<br>factors and other protection needs, including those deriving from violence, trafficking or trauma. Steps should be<br>taken to ensure a regular presence of, and individual contact with, a social worker and a psychologist in estab-<br>lishments holding children in detention. See CPT, CPT Standards, CPT/Inf/E (2002) Rev 1. 2015, par. 99.<br>122.\u200a ECtHR, Tarakhel v Switzerland, par. 120.<br>123.\u200a ECtHR, Kangaratnam v Belgium, Application No 15297/09, Judgment of 13 December 2011.<br>124.\u200a For an overview of reports on the situation of unaccompanied children, see ECRE, 2011 RCD Comments, 17.</p>\n<footer id='87' style='font-size:16px'>27</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 103189, "type": "text", "content": "Conflict of Interest: The author has no conflicts of \ninterest to disclose.\n\n\nReferences\n\n\n1\\. International Organization for Migration. World migration \nreport 2020. International Organization for Migration, \nGeneva, 2019. \n2\\. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Summary of the \nnotification of the status of foreign workers as of October \n2019\\. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/newpage_09109.html \n(accessed October 26, 2020). (in Japanese) \n3\\. Ministry of Justice. Refugee status application \nand recognition in 2019. http://www.moj.go.jp/isa/ \ncontent/930005069.pdf (accessed October 26, 2020). (in \nJapanese) \n4\\. Immigration Services Agency of Japan. The number \nof unauthorized foreign nationals as of July 1, \n2019\\. http://www.moj.go.jp/isa/publications/press/ \nnyuukokukanri04_00084.html (accessed December 29,\n\n\n(173)\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1356353, "type": "text", "content": "Older children found phone contact difficult and many caregivers reported\nchildren becoming \ndetached from their imprisoned parent. This in turn was difficult for the\nparent in prison to \ndeal with. Many caregivers reported that the parent in prison was suffering\nfrom low mood, \nanxiety or depression, and they found their children\u2019s distress almost too\nmuch to bear. In \nsome instances, this caused parents to stop all contact with their children,\nwhich of course \ncompounded and amplified the children\u2019s distress.\n\n\n# P hysical and Mental Health\n\n\n\u201cMy 12 year old has just started to make herself sick after eating, and \nwhen you ask her why she\u2019s doing it she says, \u2018I miss my Dad and nobody \nunderstands\u2019\u201d.\n\n\nT he deterioration of the parent and child relationship led to a number of\nchanges in children\u2019s \nphysical and mental health and well-being which were experienced across the\nstudy cohort.\n\n\n12\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3480329, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Karen De Valois, Emeritus Professor<br>Stephen Palmer, Emeritus Professor<br>Ervin Hafter, Emeritus Professor<br>Philip Cowan, Emeritus Professor<br>Dan Slobin, Emeritus Professor<br>Carolyn Cowan, Emeritus Professor<br>Donald A. Riley, Emeritus Professor<br>Eric Hesse, Professor<br>Mary Main, Professor<br>Allison Harvey, Professor<br>Robert Knight, Professor<br>Lance Kriegsfeld, Professor<br>Iris Mauss, Professor<br>Sheri Johnson, Professor<br>Dacher Keltner, Professor<br>Lucia Jacobs, Professor<br>Ozlem Ayduk, Professor<br>Frederic Theunissen, Professor<br>Stephen Hinshaw, Professor<br>Ann Kring, Professor<br>Aaron Fisher, Assistant Professor<br>Mahesh Srinivasan, Assistant Professor<br>Mark Ho, Postdoc<br>Sarah Metz, Postdoc<br>Christine Mullarkey, Staff member</p>\n<br><p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>John Schindel, Staff member<br>Cynthia Baker-Smith, Staff member<br>Arlene Diaz, Staff member<br>R. Harumi Quinones, Staff member<br>Vivian Hoang, Staff member<br>Elizabeth Peele, Staff member<br>Jennifer Pearlstein, Graduate student<br>Catherine Berner, Staff member<br>Isaac Mirzadegan, Staff member<br>Paul Connor, Graduate student<br>Peter Soyster, Graduate student<br>Daniel Stancato, Graduate student<br>Stephen Antonoplis, Graduate student<br>Shoshana Jarvis, Graduate student<br>Amanda Perez, Graduate student<br>Devon Sandel, Graduate student<br>Daniel Lurie, Graduate student<br>Frances Nkara, Graduate student<br>Paul Connor, Graduate student<br>Alice Hua, Graduate student<br>Arianna Benedetti, Graduate student<br>Kaley Curtis, Graduate student<br>Susan Mauskopf, Graduate student<br>Samy Abdel-Ghaffar, Graduate student<br>Catherine Anicama, Graduate student</p>\n<h1 id='8' style='font-size:14px'>Sources:</h1>\n<p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>C haudry, A. (2011). Children in the aftermath of immigration enforcement. The Journal of the<br>History of Childhood and Youth , 4 (1), 137-154.<br>\u200b<br>Dreby, J. (2012). The burden of deportation on children in Mexican immigrant families. Journal<br>of Marriage and Family ,74, 829-845. Doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2012.00989x<br>\u200b<br>Hofer, M. A. (2006). Psychobiological Roots of Early Attachment. Current Directions in<br>Psychological Science , 15(2), 84\u201388. doi:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2006.00412.x<br>\u200b<br>Pascuzzo, K., Moss, E., & Cyr, C. (2015). Attachment and Emotion Regulation Strategies in<br>Predicting Adult Psychopathology. SAGE Open , 5, 215824401560469.<br>\u200b<br>doi:10.1177/2158244015604695<br>Robjant, K., Hassan, R., & Katona, C. (2009). Mental health implications of detaining asylum<br>seekers: systematic review. The british journal of psychiatry , 194 (4), 306-312.<br>\u200b \u200b<br>Robjant, K., Robbins, I., & Senior, V. (2009). Psychological distress amongst immigration<br>detainees: A cross sectional questionnaire study. British journal of clinical psychology ,<br>- \u200b<br>48 (3), 275-286.<br>\u200b</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1438642, "type": "text", "content": "4 Considerations\n\n\n134\\. It is in the best interests of children who are in a closed detention\nenvironment \nfor them to be removed from such an environment as quickly as possible. If\nthere \nare countervailing reasons for keeping families in closed detention, these\nneed \nto be clearly articulated and balanced against the best interests of the\nchildren. \nIn any such exercise, the best interests of children need to be the subject of\nactive \nconsideration and given weight as a primary consideration.\n\n\n \n\n135\\. These legal obligations were also reflected in guidelines promulgated by\nvarious \nMinisters for Immigration over the period of the family\u2019s detention. Each of\nthose \nguidelines identified families with young children as a priority case for\nreferral \nto the Minister as soon as practicable in order to ensure that any detention\nof \nchildren was for the shortest appropriate period of time.\n\n\n \n\n136\\. In response to my preliminary view in this matter, the Department said:\n\n\n \n\nThe Department acknowledges that the Ministerial guidelines in operation at\nthe \ntime indicated priority was to be given to cases involving minor children and\ntheir \naccompanying family members, and submissions should be provided to the\nMinister \nas soon as reasonably practicable. It was also the Minister\u2019s expectation that\nthe \nprinciple of family unity be maintained unless significant circumstances\nwarranted \na residence determination being made which would split a family unit.\n\n\n \n\n137\\. However, the Department also appeared to suggest that it had a\ndiscretion as to \nwhether or not it would decide to assess a person to see if they met the\nguidelines \nissued by the Minister. In the same submission, the Department said:\n\n\n \n\nMinisterial intervention policy does not provide for automatic assessment\nagainst \nthe Minister\u2019s intervention guidelines or the referral of cases to the\nMinister under \nthe Minister Intervention powers for persons in detention. Rather, only cases\nthat \nare assessed as meeting the Ministerial guidelines are referred for the\nMinister\u2019s \nconsideration. The Department refers cases to the Minister where it is\nassessed that \nthe case meets the Ministerial intervention guidelines.\n\n\n \n\nIt is not a legal requirement that a detention case be considered against the \nguidelines, or be referred to the Minister.\n\n\n \n\n138\\. The submission that the Department could, at its discretion, decide not\nto \nassess detainees against the guidelines is a surprising one. While the\nMinister\u2019s \nintervention powers are non-compellable, the guidelines issued by the Minister \nto the Department are clear in their terms. Each of the relevant guidelines\nreferred \nto above contained words to the following effect: \u2018the purpose of these\nguidelines \nis to \u2026 inform officers of the Department \u2026 when to refer a case to me for the \nconsideration of exercising\u2019 the relevant powers.\n\n\n \n\n139\\. In any event, the Department did assess this family against the\nguidelines but \nthen decided not to make a referral to the Minister, despite the family\nmeeting \nthe criteria for referral. As noted above, the first internal referral for\nassessment \nagainst the community detention guidelines was made on 14 January 2013, \napproximately a month after the family had arrived in Australia on 14 December \n2012.\n\n\n30\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 103187, "type": "text", "content": "Global Health & Medicine. 2021; 3(3):171-174.\n\n\n \nwww.globalhealthmedicine.com\n\n\n \n\nGlobal Health & Medicine. 2021; 3(3):171-174.\n\n\neach across five subscales (emotional problems, conduct \ndisorders, hyperactivity, peer problems, and prosocial \nbehavior) rated on a three-point scale from 0 (not true) \nto 2 (certainly true) by the parents or teachers of the \nchildren. Each subscale score ranges from 0 to 10. The \nsum of four subscale scores excluding prosocial behavior \nprovides a \"total difficulties\" score ranging from 0 to \n40\\. The SDQ has been translated, validated, and made \navailable in more than 80 languages (https://sdqinfo. \norg/).\n\n\n \n\nThe characteristics of the participants and their \nfamilies included age, sex, country of origin, marital \nstatus, length of stay in Japan, cohabitants, engagement \nin a paid job, refugee application, detention experience \nin Japan, perceived social capital and support in Japan, \nand children's age, sex, and schooling. Perceived social \ncapital and support were assessed based on a total of four \nquestions (10,11). Social capital was assessed through \ntwo questions concerning social trust and mutual aid \nrated on a five-point scale, with responses of \"yes\" \nand \"somewhat\" categorized as \"yes\". Social support \nwas assessed through two yes/no questions concerning \nemotional and instrumental support. The questionnaire \nwill be made available upon request to the author.\n\n\n \n\niv) Analysis. First, the characteristics of participants \nand families with and without parental detention in Japan \nwere described. Then, children's psychosocial wellbeing \nscores were compared between families with and without \nparental detention to examine the potential association of \nparental detention with children's wellbeing. Mean scale \nscore differences and 95% confidence intervals between \nthe two groups of children were estimated in multilevel \nregression analyses controlling for the covariates of \nchild's age and sex at the individual level and the family \nat the group level. Multilevel analyses were used to \nconsider a clustered structure of the data (i.e., children \nwithin the family).\n\n\nKey findings and discussion\n\n\nThere were 49 participants/families that met the inclusion \ncriteria. Participants' mean age was 42 years, 29 (59%) \nwere males, 37 (76%) came from Asian countries, 45 \n(92%) were married, 35 (71%) had spent 10 years or \nlonger in Japan, and the median number of cohabitants \nwas four. Of the 49 families, 28 (57%) had at least one \nparent engaged in a paid job in Japan, 30 (61%) had at \nleast one parent in the process of refugee application, \n28 (57%) had at least one parent who had ever been \ndetained in Japan, and 13 of 28 reported that the length \nof detention was one year or longer. Regarding the \nparticipants' perception of social capital and support, 14 \n(29%) and 15 (31%) perceived social trust and mutual \naid in the community, respectively, and 32 (65%) and \n31 (63%) perceived emotional and instrumental support \nin their social network, respectively. In the 49 families, \nthere were 85 children aged 4-17 years subject to the\n\n\n \n\nsubsequent analyses. Their mean age was nine years, and \n37 (44%) were males. All school-aged children were in \nschool.\n\n\n \n\nTable 1 compares the characteristics mentioned above \nbetween the families with and without parental detention, \nshowing discernable differences by length of stay in \nJapan and refugee application. Families with parental \ndetention had spent a longer time in Japan and had more \nrefugee applications than their counterparts. Table 2 \nshows the mean scale score of psychosocial wellbeing \namong children in families with and without parental \ndetention, and the estimated mean differences between \nthese two groups. Children in families with parental \ndetention had significantly higher scores, especially \non the subscale of emotional problems, than their \ncounterparts, while there was no significant difference on \nthe subscale of prosocial behavior.\n\n\n \n\nPsychosocial wellbeing of children in families with \nparental detention appeared to be worse than that of \ntheir counterparts among asylum seekers and migrant \nworkers in Japan. This finding is consistent with \nprevious studies (7,8). So, it is plausible that parental \ndetention would potentially harm children's wellbeing\n\n\nTable 1. Characteristics of participants and their \nhouseholds by parental detention in Japana\n\n\n \n\nSD: standard deviation, IQR: interquartile range. aHouseholds were \nclassified as \"ever detained\" if either parent had ever been detained \nin Japan. bYes if either parent had a paid job. cYes if either parent was \napplying for refugee status.\n\n\n(172)\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 103188, "type": "text", "content": "Global Health & Medicine. 2021; 3(3):171-174.\n\n\n \nwww.globalhealthmedicine.com\n\n\nTable 2. Mean scores of children's psychosocial wellbeinga by parental\ndetention, and mean difference estimated in multilevel \nregression analysesb\n\n\n \n\nCI: confidence interval. aMeasured using the Strength and Difficulties\nQuestionnaire. bControlling for child's age and sex at the individual level\nand \nhousehold at the group level. The analyses excluded two children whose sex was\nnot reported. cTotal difficulties score is the sum of subscale scores \nexcluding prosocial behavior.\n\n\nin migrant populations in Japan, posing an unescapable \nquestion: is it still justifiable to let innocent children \nsacrifice their fundamental right to be with their parents? \nJapan's immigration policy should be considerate to the \nwellbeing of migrant children.\n\n\n \n\nThis study had several limitations. First, it is \ndifficult to make causal inferences regarding the \nrelationship between parental detention and children's \nwellbeing because changes in wellbeing before, during, \nand after parental detention were not examined; instead, \nthe study involved a cross-sectional comparison \nof the wellbeing of children in families with and \nwithout parental detention. Yet, this does not entirely \nnegate the potential effect of parental detention on \nchildren's wellbeing, given that parental detention \nwas independent of children's wellbeing. Therefore, \nthe wellbeing of children in families with and without \nparental detention could have been comparable before \nparental detention, unless children in families with \nparental detention tended to have any predisposing \nfactors affecting their wellbeing. If wellbeing was \ncomparable before parental detention, differences in the \nwellbeing of children in the two types of families might \nhave been due, at least in part, to parental detention.\n\n\n \n\nSecond, children's psychosocial wellbeing was \nassessed by their parents. While this is the standard \nassessment method for the SDQ, one might assume that \nthe evaluation of children's wellbeing was influenced \nby the wellbeing of the parents, and the magnitude \nof this influence was greater for those who had ever \nbeen detained than those who had never been detained; \nconsequently, children's wellbeing scores were inflated \nin the former. However, the subscale scores rated by \nthose who had ever been detained were not evenly \ngreater than the scores rated by those never detained. \nThis might imply that even if the subscale scores were \nsomewhat inflated, they still reflected the potential \neffects of parental detention.\n\n\n \n\nThird, the sample size was too small to analyze \nthe relationship between length of parental detention \nand children's wellbeing. Moreover, as there were no \nfamilies where a parent was in detention during the \nstudy period, the impact of current detention could \nnot be examined. Such analyses will help establish\n\n\n \n\ncausality. Finally, the participants were recruited \nthrough non-governmental organizations, so those \nnot accessible were not included in this study. It is \nuncertain whether they were better off, not requiring \nany support, or hidden for legal reasons. Besides, about \nhalf of those contacted did not reply. It is also uncertain \nwhether their characteristics were different from the \nparticipants'. In any case, the findings have important \nimplications for immigration policy in light of child \nprotection.\n\n\n \n\nIn conclusion, psychosocial wellbeing of children in \nfamilies with parental detention was worse than that of \ntheir counterparts among asylum seekers and migrant \nworkers in Japan. More attention should be paid to the \nwellbeing of migrant children in Japan's immigration \npolicy.\n\n\nAcknowledgements\n\n\nThe author would like to thank all participants for their \ntime in completing the questionnaire survey and the \nJapan Association for Refugees for their assistance in \nrecruiting the participants.\n\n\nFunding: None.\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 425552, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='0' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Original research</p>\n<br><h1 id='1' style='font-size:20px'>Longitudinal increases in childhood depression<br>symptoms during the COVID-19\u00a0lockdown</h1>\n<br><p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Giacomo Bignardi , Edwin S Dalmaijer , Alexander L Anwyl- Irvine ,<br>Tess A Smith , Roma Siugzdaite , Stepheni Uh , Duncan E Astle</p>\n<p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>MRC Cognition and Brain<br>Sciences Unit, University of<br>Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</p>\n<p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Correspondence to</p>\n<br><h1 id='5' style='font-size:16px'>ABSTRACT</h1>\n<p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Dr Duncan E Astle, MRC<br>Cognition and Brain Sciences<br>Unit, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK;<br>Duncan. Astle@ mrc- cbu. cam.<br>ac. uk</p>\n<p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Received 31 July 2020<br>Revised 12 October 2020<br>Accepted 5 November 2020<br>Published Online First<br>9\u00a0December\u00a02020</p>\n<br><p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Objective There has been widespread concern that<br>so- called lockdown measures, including social distancing<br>and school closures, could negatively impact children\u2019s<br>mental health. However, there has been little direct<br>evidence of any association due to the paucity of<br>longitudinal studies reporting mental health before and<br>during the lockdown. This present study provides the first<br>longitudinal examination of changes in childhood mental<br>health, a key component of an urgently needed evidence<br>base that can inform policy and practice surrounding the<br>continuing response to the COVID-19 pandemic.<br>Methods Mental health assessments on 168 children<br>(aged 7.6\u201311.6 years) were taken before and during the<br>UK lockdown (April\u2013June 2020). Assessments included<br>self- reports, caregiver reports, and teacher reports. Mean<br>mental health scores before and during the UK lockdown<br>were compared using mixed linear models.<br>Results A significant increase in depression symptoms<br>during the UK lockdown was observed, as measured by<br>the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS)<br>short form. CIs suggest a medium- to- large effect size.<br>There were no significant changes in the RCADS anxiety<br>subscale and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire<br>emotional problems subscale.<br>Conclusions During the UK lockdown, children\u2019s<br>depression symptoms have increased substantially,<br>relative to before lockdown. The scale of this effect<br>has direct relevance for the continuation of different<br>elements of lockdown policy, such as complete or partial<br>school closures. This early evidence for the direct impact<br>of lockdown must now be combined with larger scale<br>epidemiological studies that establish which children are<br>most at risk and tracks their future recovery.</p>\n<p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>BACKGROUND</p>\n<br><p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>What is already known on this topic?</p>\n<p id='11' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u25ba Due to a lack of prospective studies with<br>before- lockdown assessments, the impacts<br>of physical distancing and school closures on<br>children\u2019s mental health is unclear.<br>\u25ba Adolescence is a developmental period where<br>mental health may be particularly vulnerable to<br>reduced peer interaction and loneliness.<br>\u25ba Existing research in adult populations suggests<br>deteriorations in mental health during the<br>lockdown policies in different countries.</p>\n<p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>What this study adds?</p>\n<p id='13' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u25ba Changes in three mental health scales before<br>and during the lockdown are analysed used<br>mixed linear models in a UK cohort of 8\u201312 year<br>olds.<br>\u25ba Depression symptoms increased during<br>lockdown, with CIs suggesting a medium- to-<br>large standardised mean difference, even when<br>controlling for age at assessment.<br>\u25ba Changes in anxiety and emotional problems<br>were small and not statistically significant,<br>suggesting that depression may be particularly<br>susceptible.</p>\n<p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u00a9 Author(s) (or their<br>employer(s)) 2021. Re- use<br>permitted under CC BY.<br>Published by BMJ.</p>\n<br><p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the UK<br>Government implemented a national \u2018lockdown\u2019<br>involving school closures and social distancing.<br>There has been widespread concern that these<br>measures will negatively impact child and adoles-<br>cent mental health.1\u20133 To date, however, there is<br>relatively little direct evidence of this. This is in<br>part due to the paucity of studies including pre-<br>lockdown baseline data. Longitudinal changes<br>within the same individuals represent the most<br>direct way of quantifying the association between<br>the onset of lockdown and children\u2019s mental health.</p>\n<br><p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>clinically meaningful deteriorations in anxiety,<br>mental health and well- being during lockdown.4\u20137<br>One study suggests younger and lower income indi-<br>viduals have been more affected.8 However, one<br>longitudinal study from a large Dutch probability<br>sample of adults found a very small, non- significant<br>change in depression and anxiety, measured with<br>the five- item Mental Health Index.9</p>\n<p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>To cite: Bignardi\u00a0G,<br>Dalmaijer\u00a0ES, Anwyl- Irvine\u00a0AL,<br>et\u00a0al. Arch Dis Child<br>2021;106:791\u2013797.</p>\n<br><p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Far less is known about how young children<br>have coped during lockdown, though evidence is<br>rapidly emerging for adolescents. A large, longitu-<br>dinal study of 13\u201314 year olds in the UK reported<br>a mixed pattern of changes in well- being, depres-<br>sion and anxiety in April/May 2020 compared<br>with October 2019.10 Self- reported well- being and<br>anxiety slightly improved during the lockdown<br>compared with before. However, the analyses do<br>not control for age at assessment or report mean<br>change scores for depression and anxiety for the<br>whole sample.</p>\n<br><p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>There is good reason to suspect that the imple-<br>mentation of a lockdown has negatively impacted<br>children\u2019s mental health. Early evidence from<br>adult cohort studies suggests that there have been</p>\n<br><p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>How the lockdown measures impact children\u2019s<br>mental health may depend on a variety of factors.<br>Loneliness in children is associated with subsequent</p>\n<br><footer id='21' style='font-size:14px'>Bignardi G, et\u00a0al. Arch Dis Child 2021;106:791\u2013797. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2020-320372</footer>\n<br><p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>791</p>\n<br><footer id='23' style='font-size:22px'>Arch Arch Arch Arch<br>Dis Dis Dis Dis<br>Child: Child: Child: Child:<br>first first first first<br>published published published published<br>as as as as<br>10.1136/archdischild-2020-320372 10.1136/archdischild-2020-320372 10.1136/archdischild-2020-320372 10.1136/archdischild-2020-320372<br>on on on on<br>9 9 9 9<br>December December December December<br>2020. 2020. 2020. 2020.<br>Downloaded Downloaded Downloaded Downloaded<br>from from from from<br>http://adc.bmj.com/ http://adc.bmj.com/ http://adc.bmj.com/ http://adc.bmj.com/<br>on on on on<br>September September September September<br>19, 19, 19, 19,<br>2021 2021 2021 2021<br>by by by by<br>guest. guest. guest. guest.<br>Protected Protected Protected Protected<br>by by by by<br>copyright. copyright. copyright. copyright.</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 425541, "type": "text", "content": "Original research\n\n\n \n\n# Longitudinal increases in childhood depression \nsymptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown\n\n\n \n\nGiacomo Bignardi , Edwin S Dalmaijer , Alexander L Anwyl- Irvine , \nTess A Smith , Roma Siugzdaite , Stepheni Uh , Duncan E Astle\n\n\nMRC Cognition and Brain \nSciences Unit, University of \nCambridge, Cambridge, UK\n\n\nCorrespondence to\n\n\n \n\n# ABSTRACT\n\n\nDr Duncan E Astle, MRC \nCognition and Brain Sciences \nUnit, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK; \nDuncan. Astle@ mrc- cbu. cam. \nac. uk\n\n\nReceived 31 July 2020 \nRevised 12 October 2020 \nAccepted 5 November 2020 \nPublished Online First \n9 December 2020\n\n\n \n\nObjective There has been widespread concern that \nso- called lockdown measures, including social distancing \nand school closures, could negatively impact children\u2019s \nmental health. However, there has been little direct \nevidence of any association due to the paucity of \nlongitudinal studies reporting mental health before and \nduring the lockdown. This present study provides the first \nlongitudinal examination of changes in childhood mental \nhealth, a key component of an urgently needed evidence \nbase that can inform policy and practice surrounding the \ncontinuing response to the COVID-19 pandemic. \nMethods Mental health assessments on 168 children \n(aged 7.6\u201311.6 years) were taken before and during the \nUK lockdown (April\u2013June 2020). Assessments included \nself- reports, caregiver reports, and teacher reports. Mean \nmental health scores before and during the UK lockdown \nwere compared using mixed linear models. \nResults A significant increase in depression symptoms \nduring the UK lockdown was observed, as measured by \nthe Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) \nshort form. CIs suggest a medium- to- large effect size. \nThere were no significant changes in the RCADS anxiety \nsubscale and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire \nemotional problems subscale. \nConclusions During the UK lockdown, children\u2019s \ndepression symptoms have increased substantially, \nrelative to before lockdown. The scale of this effect \nhas direct relevance for the continuation of different \nelements of lockdown policy, such as complete or partial \nschool closures. This early evidence for the direct impact \nof lockdown must now be combined with larger scale \nepidemiological studies that establish which children are \nmost at risk and tracks their future recovery.\n\n\nBACKGROUND\n\n\n \n\nWhat is already known on this topic?\n\n\n\u25ba Due to a lack of prospective studies with \nbefore- lockdown assessments, the impacts \nof physical distancing and school closures on \nchildren\u2019s mental health is unclear. \n\u25ba Adolescence is a developmental period where \nmental health may be particularly vulnerable to \nreduced peer interaction and loneliness. \n\u25ba Existing research in adult populations suggests \ndeteriorations in mental health during the \nlockdown policies in different countries.\n\n\nWhat this study adds?\n\n\n\u25ba Changes in three mental health scales before \nand during the lockdown are analysed used \nmixed linear models in a UK cohort of 8\u201312 year \nolds. \n\u25ba Depression symptoms increased during \nlockdown, with CIs suggesting a medium- to- \nlarge standardised mean difference, even when \ncontrolling for age at assessment. \n\u25ba Changes in anxiety and emotional problems \nwere small and not statistically significant, \nsuggesting that depression may be particularly \nsusceptible.\n\n\n\u00a9 Author(s) (or their \nemployer(s)) 2021. Re- use \npermitted under CC BY. \nPublished by BMJ.\n\n\n \n\nIn response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the UK \nGovernment implemented a national \u2018lockdown\u2019 \ninvolving school closures and social distancing. \nThere has been widespread concern that these \nmeasures will negatively impact child and adoles- \ncent mental health.1\u20133 To date, however, there is \nrelatively little direct evidence of this. This is in \npart due to the paucity of studies including pre- \nlockdown baseline data. Longitudinal changes \nwithin the same individuals represent the most \ndirect way of quantifying the association between \nthe onset of lockdown and children\u2019s mental health.\n\n\n \n\nclinically meaningful deteriorations in anxiety, \nmental health and well- being during lockdown.4\u20137 \nOne study suggests younger and lower income indi- \nviduals have been more affected.8 However, one \nlongitudinal study from a large Dutch probability \nsample of adults found a very small, non- significant \nchange in depression and anxiety, measured with \nthe five- item Mental Health Index.9\n\n\nTo cite: Bignardi G, \nDalmaijer ES, Anwyl- Irvine AL, \net al. Arch Dis Child \n2021;106:791\u2013797.\n\n\n \n\nFar less is known about how young children \nhave coped during lockdown, though evidence is \nrapidly emerging for adolescents. A large, longitu- \ndinal study of 13\u201314 year olds in the UK reported \na mixed pattern of changes in well- being, depres- \nsion and anxiety in April/May 2020 compared \nwith October 2019.10 Self- reported well- being and \nanxiety slightly improved during the lockdown \ncompared with before. However, the analyses do \nnot control for age at assessment or report mean \nchange scores for depression and anxiety for the \nwhole sample.\n\n\n \n\nThere is good reason to suspect that the imple- \nmentation of a lockdown has negatively impacted \nchildren\u2019s mental health. Early evidence from \nadult cohort studies suggests that there have been\n\n\n \n\nHow the lockdown measures impact children\u2019s \nmental health may depend on a variety of factors. \nLoneliness in children is associated with subsequent\n\n\n \nBignardi G, et al. Arch Dis Child 2021;106:791\u2013797.\ndoi:10.1136/archdischild-2020-320372\n\n\n \n\n791\n\n\n \nArch Arch Arch Arch \nDis Dis Dis Dis \nChild: Child: Child: Child: \nfirst first first first \npublished published published published \nas as as as \n10.1136/archdischild-2020-320372 10.1136/archdischild-2020-320372\n10.1136/archdischild-2020-320372 10.1136/archdischild-2020-320372 \non on on on \n9 9 9 9 \nDecember December December December \n2020\\. 2020. 2020. 2020. \nDownloaded Downloaded Downloaded Downloaded \nfrom from from from \nhttp://adc.bmj.com/ http://adc.bmj.com/ http://adc.bmj.com/\nhttp://adc.bmj.com/ \non on on on \nSeptember September September September \n19, 19, 19, 19, \n2021 2021 2021 2021 \nby by by by \nguest. guest. guest. guest. \nProtected Protected Protected Protected \nby by by by \ncopyright. copyright. copyright. copyright.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	If children’s wellbeing was comparable before parental detention occurred, what reasoning can be applied to understand the changes observed in children’s wellbeing post-detention?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 108, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["temporal reasoning"]}
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John<br>Finnemore, Joseph B Franzini \u2013 PDF Free Download</p>\n<p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>[PDF] Fluid Mechanics with Engineering Applications By ...</p>\n<br><p id='31' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The eighth edition of White\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2s Fluid Mechanics offers students a clear and comprehensive<br>presentation of the material that demonstrates the progression from physical concepts to<br>engineering applications and helps students quickly see the practical importance of fluid mechanics<br>fundamentals.</p>\n<footer id='32' style='font-size:14px'>Page 3/5</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1673066, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='0' style='font-size:20px'>Read Online Cengel Fluid<br>Mechanics 3rd Edition</h1>\n<br><p id='1' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Fundamentals and Applications Third<br>Edition Yunus A. \u0413\u2021engel & John M.<br>Cimbala McGraw-Hill, 2013 Chapter 9<br>DIFFERENTIAL ANALYSIS OF FLUID<br>FLOW PROPRIETARY AND<br>CONFIDENTIAL This Manual is the<br>proprietary property of The McGraw-<br>Hill Companies, Inc.</p>\n<p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>(PDF) Fluid Mechanics - Fundamentals<br>and Applications ...<br>Fluid Mechanics Fundamentals and<br>Applications: Third Edition - Ebook<br>written by Yunus Cengel, John<br>Cimbala. 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Click Download or Read Online \nButton to get Access Fluid Mechanics\n\n\n \n\n# Page 10/28\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1545015, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='0' style='font-size:20px'>File Type PDF Fluid Mechanics With Engineering Applications Solution Manual</header>\n<p id='1' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Fluid Mechanics With Engineering Applications Solution Manual</p>\n<br><p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Getting the books fluid mechanics with engineering applications solution manual now is not type of challenging means. You could not without help going past books accrual or library or borrowing from your connections to edit them. 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The closest thing you can do is use the Authors dropdown in the navigation bar to browse by authors\u2014and even then, you\u2019ll have to get used to the terrible user interface of the site overall.</p>\n<p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Fluid Mechanics With Engineering Applications</p>\n<br><p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>There is a broader coverage of all topics in this edition of Fluid Mechanics with Engineering Applications. Furthermore, this edition has numerous computer-related problems that can be solved in Matlab and Mathcad.</p>\n<p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Fluid Mechanics With Engineering Applications: Finnemore ...</p>\n<br><p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Sign in. Fluid Mechanics With Engineering Applications By Franzini 10th. Edition.pdf - Google Drive. Sign in</p>\n<p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Fluid Mechanics With Engineering Applications By Franzini ...</p>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Fluid Mechanics With Engineering Applications Paperback \u2013 January 1, 2011 by Finnemore (Author) 3.9 out of 5 stars 10 ratings. See all 2 formats and editions Hide other formats and editions. Price New from Used from ...</p>\n<p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Fluid Mechanics With Engineering Applications: Finnemore ...</p>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Fluid Mechanics with Engineering Applications. Properties of fluids fluid statics basics of fluid flow energy considerations in steady flow momentum and forces in fluid flow similitude and dimensional analysis steady incomprehensible flow in pressure conduits forces on immersed bodies steady flows in open channels</p>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>fluid measurements unsteady-flow problems steady flow of compressible fluids idea/flow mathematics hydraulic machinery-turbines.</p>\n<p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>[PDF] Fluid Mechanics with Engineering Applications ...</p>\n<br><p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Fluid Mechanics With Engineering Applications was written by E.John Finnemore and Joseph B.Franzini is published by Tata M/G. This book is well known and well respected in the civil engineering market and has a following among civil engineers.</p>\n<p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>[PDF] Fluid Mechanics with Engineering Applications By ...</p>\n<br><p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Download Fluid Mechanics With Engineering Applicationsor Read Fluid Mechanics With Engineering Applications onlinebooks in PDF, EPUB and Mobi Format. Click Download or Read Online Button to get Access Fluid Mechanics With Engineering Applications ebook. Please Note: There is a membership site you can get</p>\n<br><p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>UNLIMITED BOOKS, ALL IN ONE PLACE.</p>\n<p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>PDF Download Fluid Mechanics With Engineering Applications ...</p>\n<br><p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Fluid Mechanics With Engineering Applicationswas written by E.John Finnemore and Joseph B.Franzini is publishedby Tata McGraw Hill Education. This book is well known and well respected in the civil engineering market and has a following among civil engineers.</p>\n<p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Fluid Mechanics with Engineering Applications Book (PDF ...</p>\n<br><p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Visit the post for more. [PDF] Fluid Mechanics With Engineering Applications By E. John Finnemore, Joseph B Franzini Book Free Download</p>\n<p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>All journal articles featured in Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics vol 14 issue 1. Log in \| Register Cart. 2019 Impact Factor. 5.800 Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics. 2019 Impact Factor. 5.800 Search in: Advanced search. Submit an article. New content alerts RSS. ...</p>\n<br><p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>[PDF] Fluid Mechanics With Engineering Applications By E ...</p>\n<p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics ...</p>\n<br><p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Applications of Fluid Mechanics in Refrigerators and Air Conditioners: The fluids used in refrigerators and air-conditioners are known as refrigerants. The refrigerant absorbs the heat from evaporator, which is at a low temperature and distributes that heat to the atmosphere, which is at a high temperature. In air</p>\n<br><p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>conditioners, the refrigerant absorbs room heat and throws it in to the atmosphere keeping the room cool.</p>\n<p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Fluid Mechanics With Engineering Applications Answers Solution Manual</p>\n<br><p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Applications Of Fluid Mechanics In Practical Life ...</p>\n<p id='31' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(PDF) Fluid Mechanics With Engineering Applications ...</p>\n<br><p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Fluid mechanics is the study of fluid behavior (liquids, gases, blood, and plasmas) at rest and in motion. Fluid mechanics has a wide range of applications in mechanical and chemical engineering, in biological systems, and in astrophysics. In this chapter fluid mechanics and its application in biological systems are</p>\n<br><p id='33' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>presented and discussed.</p>\n<p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>In almost whole of the world, \u201cFluid Mechanics with Engineering Applications by Finnemore and Franzini\u201d is used as a textbook, the book is written in very simple English with practical applications along with thousands of practical field oriented numerical to test the knowledge and judgment of the fluid engineer.</p>\n<br><p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Fluid Mechanics - an overview \| ScienceDirect Topics</p>\n<p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Download Fluid Mechanics By E. 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This book is well \nknown and well respected in the civil \nengineering market and has a following \namong civil engineers.\n\n\n \n\n# Page 9/28\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3339479, "type": "html", "content": "<br><p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>of 84mb epub book fluid. media like a pdf, word, ppt, txt, zip, rar,.. fluid mechanics streeter 9th edition pdf free. streeter v l and wylie e b fluid mechanics mcgraw hill. highway engineering book by s k khanna free download.. a textbook of fluid mechanics - r. k. bansal - google</p>\n<p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>84mb Epub Book Fluid Mechanics Streeter 9th Edition</p>\n<br><p id='31' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>1-16 of over 4,000 results for Books: Science, Nature & Math: Engineering & Technology: Mechanical & Materials Engineering: Fluid Mechanics Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Fluids: S. I. 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Juxtaposes examples that differ in many ways but are the same in defining features,</td></tr><tr><td>1.1.05</td><td>so that students can generalize to new examples and learn to discriminate same/different when faced with new examples.</td></tr><tr><td>1.1.06</td><td>Plans lessons, depending on size and content of unit, so that important ideas or skills are studied or practiced on several occasions rather than all at once.</td></tr><tr><td>1.1.07</td><td>Selects lesson content that builds on prior learning.</td></tr><tr><td>1.1.08</td><td>Uses routines, presentations, practice, review, memorization, application and homework, as appropriate, to organize instruction into clearly defined segments.</td></tr><tr><td>1.1.09</td><td>Designs instruction that shows relationships among content and ideas and points out opportunities for transfer.</td></tr><tr><td>1 .1.10</td><td>Knows about the ways to organize information for students, including:</td></tr></table>\n<p id='4' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Outlines and graphic organizers that depict relationships of central ideas,<br>super-ordinate concepts, subordinate concepts and coordinate concepts;<br>\u2022 Study guides that call attention to key ideas and address literal,<br>interpretive, and applied levels of comprehension;<br>\u2022 Concept guides that link new information and previously learned material;<br>\u2022 Methods for identifying cause-effect relationships and temporal sequences and to<br>compare and contrast situations;</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2157471, "type": "text", "content": "# Constraints Constraints\n\n\n \n\n# (cid:1) (cid:1) Security Security \n(cid:1) \nSecurity\n\n\n \n\n(cid:1) (cid:1) Landmines / UXOs UXOs \n(cid:1) Landmines / \nLandmines / UXOs\n\n\n \n\n(cid:1) (cid:1) Access to information (current and baseline) baseline) \n(cid:1) Access to information (current and \nAccess to information (current and baseline)\n\n\n \n\n(cid:1) (cid:1) Site access access \n(cid:1) Site \nSite access\n\n\n \n\n(cid:1) (cid:1) Time period period \n(cid:1) Time \nTime period\n\n\n \n\n(cid:1) (cid:1) Financial resources resources \n(cid:1) Financial \nFinancial resources\n\n\n \n\n(cid:1) (cid:1) Identification of local expertise expertise \n(cid:1) Identification of local \nIdentification of local expertise\n\n\n \n\n(cid:1) (cid:1) Logistics and accomodation accomodation \n(cid:1) Logistics and \nLogistics and accomodation\n\n\n \n\n(cid:1) (cid:1) Language and ethnicity ethnicity \n(cid:1) Language and \nLanguage and ethnicity\n\n\n \n\n(cid:1) (cid:1) Sampling equipment limitations limitations \n(cid:1) Sampling equipment \nSampling equipment limitations\n\n\n \n\n(cid:1) (cid:1) UN framework framework \n(cid:1) UN \nUN framework\n\n\n \n\n(cid:1) (cid:1) Policitcal considerations considerations \n(cid:1) Policitcal \nPolicitcal considerations\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3379697, "type": "html", "content": "<br><h1 id='1' style='font-size:20px'>Useful Things to Consider</h1>\n<br><h1 id='2' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 Is your topic doable?</h1>\n<br><p id='3' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Do you have the tools? data? equipment?<br>\u2022 Do you have/can you acquire the skills?<br>\u2022 What is your metric of success?<br>\u2022 What will you compare against?</p>\n<br><h1 id='4' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 Do you have a story to tell?</h1>\n<br><p id='5' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Why my topic is new<br>\u2022 Why my topic is scientifically exciting<br>\u2022 Why solving my topic will help the world</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 26772, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='0' style='font-size:20px'>File Type PDF Principles Of Management Mcqs With Answers</header>\n<header id='1' style='font-size:22px'>Principles Of Management Mcqs With Answers</header>\n<br><p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>If you ally infatuation such a referred principles of management mcqs with answers book that will come up with the money for you worth, get the very best seller from us currently from several preferred authors. 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The Mississippi Library Commission serves as a free public library service for eligible Mississippi residents who are unable to read ...</p>\n<p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>grammar in context proficiency level english 1992 hugh, gettys fisica 2 pdf, geography by a b savadi, graphic design principi di progettazione e applicazioni per la stampa lanimazione e il web, gospel of mark ignatius study bible rsv the ignatius catholic study bible 2nd catholic edition revised standard version, goko rm8008 manual english german deutsch s by yoneda mineki, greco antico vocabolario greco italiano etimologico e ragionato, getting</p>\n<br><p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>started with hysys oli oli support center, go math grade 4 teacher edition answers, green mars mars trilogy book 2, going green celestial mates science fiction alien romance vialea book 2, geography grade 12 data handling question paper, glencoe grammar and language workbook grade 6 answer key, give me this mountain adrian rogers sermon outlines, getty, gli itinerari in moto pi belli deuropa, grabaciones de maria elena walsh partituras y musica,</p>\n<br><p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>gramatica c level 2 pp 203 207 answers, greta grintosa, gooch argument 2nd edition, greek and latin words unit 7 answers, george daniels watchmaker, gifted hands ben carson wordpress, ginocchio manuale di riabilitazione ediz illustrata, getulio dos anos de formacao a conquista do poder 1882 1930 lira neto, goals based wealth management an integrated and practical approach to changing the structure of wealth advisory practices wiley finance,</p>\n<br><p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>grammar in context 1 third edition student book, grande traversee du massif central chamina com, grammatica neerlandese di base, griffiths introduction to electrodynamics solutions pdf zip, grade 9 academic english eng 1d, geo factsheet geography, getting started with sharepoint framework development</p>\n<p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Copyright code: cf28963f76c8b7fb0679b1ee17e44895.</p>\n<p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Page 1/1</p>\n<p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Copyright : dokuro.it</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3379656, "type": "text", "content": " \n\n# Follow Your Heart (and Head)\n\n\n# Love your topic!\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Sets the course for your next 2-3 years \n\u2022 Determines, in part, opportunities o\ufb00ered to you upon graduation \n\u2022 May work in same/related area for years\n\n\n \n\n# Is there funding for you to work in the area?\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Working as a TA \n\u2022 Working as an RA \n\u2022 Having a university/government/industry/\u2026 scholarship/grant\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 815952, "type": "text", "content": "# Early Career\n\n\n\u2022 to discuss issues of diversity and inclusion in STEM \nfields, \n\u2022 to provide career advice to graduate students and \nyoung faculty, and \n\u2022 to promote the work of mathematicians from \ntraditionally underrepresented groups.\n\n\n \n\nAll these goals center on shedding light and highlight- \ning the human side of mathematics\u2014the side that is often \nunderplayed, ignored, and even rejected in the dominant \nnarrative. Through Horizons we hope to challenge this \noften oversimplified narrative and expose the many layers \nof truth beneath the identity of a mathematician.\n\n\n \n\nWe organized four to six lunch seminars every semes- \nter ranging over a large variety of topics. A sample list \nof past events include Making Mathematics Accessible \nfor Students with Disabilities, The Lonely Reality of an \nAcademic Dreamer (from an undocumented first-gener- \nation college student to a professor at Williams College), \nGender Differences in Recognition for Group Work, etc.5 \nIn these seminars, our speakers shared their own journey \nin academia, talked about their experiences in mentoring \nstudents and developing curricula that meet students\u2019 \nneeds, presented their research on how diversity (or the \nlack thereof) affects the STEM community, and hosted \ndiscussions on why diversity and inclusion are essential to \nsustaining the development of mathematical community. \nMeanwhile, to provide more guidance, support, and out- \nreach opportunities for young scholars, we also organized \nevents like \u201cHow to create a website,\u201d \u201cInfo session for \ngraduate students,\u201d \u201cMeeting the new postdocs,\u201d \u201cWhat\u2019s \nhappening at ICERM,\u201d6 etc.\n\n\n \n\nHorizons receives funding from the Brown math depart- \nment, Brown University Faculty Lectureship Funds, ICERM, \nand faculty grants to run the seminar. These funds allow us \nto cover the speakers\u2019 travel and accommodation expenses \nand provide free pizza and beverages at the seminar to \nattract more participants.\n\n\n \n\n# Teaching & Diversity Seminar\n\n\n \n\nWith an organizing committee of three graduate students \n(Vanessa, Marissa, and Simone), this seminar had similar \ngoals to the Horizons seminar\u2019s of discussing issues of \ndiversity and inclusion while also promoting engagement \nwith these issues through professional development related \nto teaching. We organized four seminars per semester with \nthe following goals:\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 to discuss issues of diversity and inclusion in STEM \nfields;\n\n\n5These talks were given by Tilak Ratnanather (Johns Hopkins University), \nPamela Harris (Williams College), and Heather Sarsons (Harvard Uni- \nversity), respectively. \n6ICERM stands for The Institute for Computational and Experimental \nMathematics, a research institute located in downtown Providence, RI.\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 to provide a safe space for graduate students to \nbring their full identities to the mathematics \ncommunity; and \n\u2022 to promote self-reflection and conversations about \nthe role of inclusion, equity, and justice in the \nclassroom.\n\n\n \n\nWe developed our seminar under the umbrella of our \ndepartment\u2019s graduate AWM chapter because it allowed \nus to be supported by the structure of an established \norganization. By bringing people with expertise into this \nspace it became more than just a space for us to be in \ncommunity with one another; it was also a space for us to \nlearn. We brought in speakers from within and outside our \ncampus community to give talks on relevant topics such \nas \u201cRehumanizing mathematics: A vision for the future,\u201d \n\u201cNavigating culture in the classroom,\u201d \u201cAddressing equity \nand inclusion in mentoring relationships,\u201d \u201cChanging the \n\u2018face\u2019 of mathematics,\u201d and many more.7\n\n\n \n\nThe AWM Teaching and Diversity seminar receives fund- \ning to bring in outside speakers through our AWM Student \nChapter\u2019s departmental support.\n\n\n \n\nStarting Your Own Seminar Series\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2157572, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='59' style='font-size:22px'>Constraints Constraints</h1>\n<br><h1 id='60' style='font-size:20px'>(cid:1) (cid:1) Security Security<br>(cid:1)<br>Security</h1>\n<br><p id='61' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>(cid:1) (cid:1) Landmines / UXOs UXOs<br>(cid:1) Landmines /<br>Landmines / UXOs</p>\n<br><p id='62' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(cid:1) (cid:1) Access to information (current and baseline) baseline)<br>(cid:1) Access to information (current and<br>Access to information (current and baseline)</p>\n<br><p id='63' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>(cid:1) (cid:1) Site access access<br>(cid:1) Site<br>Site access</p>\n<br><p id='64' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>(cid:1) (cid:1) Time period period<br>(cid:1) Time<br>Time period</p>\n<br><p id='65' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>(cid:1) (cid:1) Financial resources resources<br>(cid:1) Financial<br>Financial resources</p>\n<br><p id='66' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>(cid:1) (cid:1) Identification of local expertise expertise<br>(cid:1) Identification of local<br>Identification of local expertise</p>\n<br><p id='67' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>(cid:1) (cid:1) Logistics and accomodation accomodation<br>(cid:1) Logistics and<br>Logistics and accomodation</p>\n<br><p id='68' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>(cid:1) (cid:1) Language and ethnicity ethnicity<br>(cid:1) Language and<br>Language and ethnicity</p>\n<br><p id='69' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>(cid:1) (cid:1) Sampling equipment limitations limitations<br>(cid:1) Sampling equipment<br>Sampling equipment limitations</p>\n<br><p id='70' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>(cid:1) (cid:1) UN framework framework<br>(cid:1) UN<br>UN framework</p>\n<br><p id='71' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>(cid:1) (cid:1) Policitcal considerations considerations<br>(cid:1) Policitcal<br>Policitcal considerations</p>\n<br><figure><img id='72' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1250,202); bottom-right:(1628,1193)\" /></figure>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1481712, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='72' style='font-size:18px'>PD/Cloud Computing</h1>\n<br><p id='73' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>[Elective]</p>\n<h1 id='74' style='font-size:14px'>Topics:</h1>\n<br><p id='75' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Internet-Scale computing</p>\n<br><p id='76' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u25e6 Task partitioning (cross-reference PD/Parallel Algorithms, Analysis, and Programming)<br>\u25e6 Data access<br>\u25e6 Clusters, grids, and meshes</p>\n<br><p id='77' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Cloud services</p>\n<br><p id='78' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u25e6</p>\n<br><p id='79' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Infrastructure as a service</p>\n<br><p id='80' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(cid:5) Elasticity of resources<br>(cid:5) Platform APIs</p>\n<br><p id='81' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u25e6 Software as a service<br>\u25e6 Security<br>\u25e6 Cost management</p>\n<br><p id='82' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022</p>\n<br><p id='83' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Virtualization (cross-reference SF/Virtualization and Isolation and OS/Virtual Machines)</p>\n<br><p id='84' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u25e6 Shared resource management<br>\u25e6 Migration of processes</p>\n<br><p id='85' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Cloud-based data storage</p>\n<br><p id='86' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u25e6 Shared access to weakly consistent data stores<br>\u25e6 Data synchronization<br>\u25e6 Data partitioning<br>\u25e6 Distributed \ufb01le systems (cross-reference IM/Distributed Databases)<br>\u25e6 Replication</p>\n<h1 id='87' style='font-size:14px'>Learning outcomes:</h1>\n<br><p id='88' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>1. Discuss the importance of elasticity and resource management in cloud computing. [Familiarity]<br>2. Explain strategies to synchronize a common view of shared data across a collection of devices.<br>[Familiarity]<br>3. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using virtualized infrastructure. [Familiarity]<br>4. Deploy an application that uses cloud infrastructure for computing and/or data resources.<br>[Usage]<br>5. Appropriately partition an application between a client and resources. [Usage]</p>\n<h1 id='89' style='font-size:18px'>PD/Formal Models and Semantics</h1>\n<br><h1 id='90' style='font-size:20px'>[Elective]</h1>\n<h1 id='91' style='font-size:14px'>Topics:</h1>\n<br><p id='92' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Formal models of processes and message passing, including algebras such as Communicating<br>Sequential Processes (CSP) and pi-calculus<br>\u2022 Formal models of parallel computation, including the Parallel Random Access Machine<br>(PRAM) and alternatives such as Bulk Synchronous Parallel (BSP)<br>\u2022 Formal models of computational dependencies<br>\u2022 Models of (relaxed) shared memory consistency and their relation to programming language<br>speci\ufb01cations<br>\u2022 Algorithmic correctness criteria including linearizability<br>\u2022 Models of algorithmic progress, including non-blocking guarantees and fairness<br>\u2022 Techniques for specifying and checking correctness properties such as atomicity and freedom<br>from data races</p>\n<footer id='93' style='font-size:16px'>95</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2573889, "type": "text", "content": " \n\nThe different modules described here make extensive use of \nthe lexicon component of the ontology\n((cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:8)(cid:19)(cid:6)(cid:17)(cid:2)(cid:21)(cid:13)(cid:5)(cid:9)(cid:30)(cid:31)(cid:19)(cid:14)(cid:2)$ \n(cid:19)(cid:13)(cid:6)(cid:19)(cid:5)\n(cid:2)(cid:17)!(cid:5)(cid:21)(cid:13)(cid:17)(cid:21)(cid:23)(cid:21)(cid:26)\"(cid:5)(cid:19)(cid:13)(cid:26)(cid:2)(cid:13)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:14)(cid:2)(cid:13)(cid:26)).\nThe most prevalent use is \nthe distinction between English and German. In the future \nwe envision that one may produce more adaptive Web sites \nmaking use of the explicit lexicon. For instance, we will be \nable to produce short descriptions when the context is suffi- \nciently narrow, (cid:19)(cid:4)(cid:26)(cid:4)(cid:5)working with ambiguous\nacronyms like \nASP (e.g. active server pages (cid:1)(cid:16)(cid:4)(cid:5)active service\nproviders).\n\n\nSEMANTIC RANKING\n\n\n \n\nThis section describes the architecture component \u201eSeman- \ntic Ranking\u201c which has been developed in the context of \nour framework. First, we will introduce and motivate the \nrequirement for a ranking approach with a small example. \nSecond, we will show how the problem of semantic ranking \nmay be reduced to the comparison of two knowledge bases. \nQuery results are reinterpreted as \u201equery knowledge bases\u201c \nand their similarity to the original knowledge base without \naxioms yields the basis for semantic ranking. Thereby, we \nreduce our notion of similarity between two knowledge \nbases to the similarity of concept pairs.\n\n\n \n\nLet us assume the following ontology:\n\n\n \n\n1: Person::Object [worksIn =>> Project]. \n2: Project::Object[hasTopic =>> Topic]. \n3: Topic::Object[subtopicOf =>> Topic]. \n4: FORALL X,Y,Z Z[hasTopic \u2212>>Y] <\u2212\n\n\n \n(1)\n\n\nX[subtopicOf \u2212>>Y] and Z[hasTopic \u2212>>X].\n\n\n \n\nTo give an intuition of the semantic of the F-Logic state- \nments, in line 1 one finds a concept definition for a Person\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 815957, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='19' style='font-size:22px'>Early Career</h1>\n<p id='20' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022 to discuss issues of diversity and inclusion in STEM<br>fields,<br>\u2022 to provide career advice to graduate students and<br>young faculty, and<br>\u2022 to promote the work of mathematicians from<br>traditionally underrepresented groups.</p>\n<br><p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>All these goals center on shedding light and highlight-<br>ing the human side of mathematics\u2014the side that is often<br>underplayed, ignored, and even rejected in the dominant<br>narrative. Through Horizons we hope to challenge this<br>often oversimplified narrative and expose the many layers<br>of truth beneath the identity of a mathematician.</p>\n<br><p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>We organized four to six lunch seminars every semes-<br>ter ranging over a large variety of topics. A sample list<br>of past events include Making Mathematics Accessible<br>for Students with Disabilities, The Lonely Reality of an<br>Academic Dreamer (from an undocumented first-gener-<br>ation college student to a professor at Williams College),<br>Gender Differences in Recognition for Group Work, etc.5<br>In these seminars, our speakers shared their own journey<br>in academia, talked about their experiences in mentoring<br>students and developing curricula that meet students\u2019<br>needs, presented their research on how diversity (or the<br>lack thereof) affects the STEM community, and hosted<br>discussions on why diversity and inclusion are essential to<br>sustaining the development of mathematical community.<br>Meanwhile, to provide more guidance, support, and out-<br>reach opportunities for young scholars, we also organized<br>events like \u201cHow to create a website,\u201d \u201cInfo session for<br>graduate students,\u201d \u201cMeeting the new postdocs,\u201d \u201cWhat\u2019s<br>happening at ICERM,\u201d6 etc.</p>\n<br><p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Horizons receives funding from the Brown math depart-<br>ment, Brown University Faculty Lectureship Funds, ICERM,<br>and faculty grants to run the seminar. These funds allow us<br>to cover the speakers\u2019 travel and accommodation expenses<br>and provide free pizza and beverages at the seminar to<br>attract more participants.</p>\n<br><h1 id='24' style='font-size:22px'>Teaching & Diversity Seminar</h1>\n<br><p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>With an organizing committee of three graduate students<br>(Vanessa, Marissa, and Simone), this seminar had similar<br>goals to the Horizons seminar\u2019s of discussing issues of<br>diversity and inclusion while also promoting engagement<br>with these issues through professional development related<br>to teaching. We organized four seminars per semester with<br>the following goals:</p>\n<br><p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022 to discuss issues of diversity and inclusion in STEM<br>fields;</p>\n<p id='27' data-category='footnote' style='font-size:16px'>5These talks were given by Tilak Ratnanather (Johns Hopkins University),<br>Pamela Harris (Williams College), and Heather Sarsons (Harvard Uni-<br>versity), respectively.<br>6ICERM stands for The Institute for Computational and Experimental<br>Mathematics, a research institute located in downtown Providence, RI.</p>\n<br><p id='28' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022 to provide a safe space for graduate students to<br>bring their full identities to the mathematics<br>community; and<br>\u2022 to promote self-reflection and conversations about<br>the role of inclusion, equity, and justice in the<br>classroom.</p>\n<br><p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>We developed our seminar under the umbrella of our<br>department\u2019s graduate AWM chapter because it allowed<br>us to be supported by the structure of an established<br>organization. By bringing people with expertise into this<br>space it became more than just a space for us to be in<br>community with one another; it was also a space for us to<br>learn. We brought in speakers from within and outside our<br>campus community to give talks on relevant topics such<br>as \u201cRehumanizing mathematics: A vision for the future,\u201d<br>\u201cNavigating culture in the classroom,\u201d \u201cAddressing equity<br>and inclusion in mentoring relationships,\u201d \u201cChanging the<br>\u2018face\u2019 of mathematics,\u201d and many more.7</p>\n<br><p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The AWM Teaching and Diversity seminar receives fund-<br>ing to bring in outside speakers through our AWM Student<br>Chapter\u2019s departmental support.</p>\n<br><p id='31' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Starting Your Own Seminar Series</p>\n<br><p id='32' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>1. Reach out to members of your department to form<br>an organizing team (e.g., graduate students, postdocs,<br>faculty, etc.).<br>2. Discuss the mission and vision for the seminar, choose<br>a format (e.g., meeting time and frequency), and set<br>goals to accomplish.<br>3. Explore available funding opportunities for external<br>speakers and refreshments.<br>4. Brainstorm a list of speakers to invite that are within<br>your budget (ask colleagues for suggestions).<br>5. Extend an invitation to the speaker early and be as<br>flexible as you can.<br>6. Promote, promote, promote! Advertise within and<br>outside your department broadly.</p>\n<br><p id='33' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Suggestions for Topics and Speakers</p>\n<br><p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>If you\u2019re struggling to come up with a list of speakers for<br>your seminar, there are many creative ways to add more<br>names to your list. Take a look at some of the many blogs<br>hosted by the AMS. For example, the AMS blog inclusion/<br>exclusion has articles written by many mathematicians who<br>have thought a lot about creating inclusive math spaces.<br>You can also find experts in math education who are<br>skilled at interfacing with mathematicians by looking at<br>the speaking list for conferences such as the annual Critical<br>Issues in Mathematics Education workshop series at MSRI.<br>You don\u2019t need to start from scratch; there are successful</p>\n<p id='35' data-category='footnote' style='font-size:16px'>7Dr. Rochelle Guti\u00e9rrez (College of Education, University of Illinois at<br>Urbana-Champaign), graduate student and faculty panel, Dr. Daniel<br>Wong (Director of Mentoring and Bridge Programs for Diversity, Equity &<br>Inclusion), Dr. Candice Price (University of San Diego).</p>\n<footer id='36' style='font-size:18px'>1832</footer>\n<br><footer id='37' style='font-size:14px'>Notices of the AmericAN mAthemAticAl society</footer>\n<br><footer id='38' style='font-size:18px'>Volume 66, Number 11</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Imagine you are organizing a seminar based on the related topics. If you can only choose one topic from each clear domain (e.g., geography, grammar, finance), what constraints would you consider in this selection process?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 118, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 47339, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='12' style='font-size:16px'>air-tight advertising</h1>\n<br><h1 id='13' style='font-size:20px'>CONSTANT PRESSURE<br>FURNITURE</h1>\n<h1 id='14' style='font-size:14px'>Product code: GL-SE-004</h1>\n<h1 id='15' style='font-size:14px'>Application:</h1>\n<br><p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Air-tight inflatable furniture is outdoor<br>must-have! Inflatable cushions, pouffes or<br>armchairs will definately enrich every event<br>and make it easy to remember your brand for<br>a long time.</p>\n<h1 id='17' style='font-size:14px'>Technical information:</h1>\n<br><p id='18' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(cid:31) Inner layer - 300gsm polyurethan<br>(cid:31) Outer layer - 220\u2013297gsm coated<br>polyester fabric<br>(cid:31) Printing technique: high quality UV printing</p>\n<h1 id='19' style='font-size:14px'>The set includes:</h1>\n<br><p id='20' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(cid:31) electric pump<br>(cid:31) set of ropes and pegs<br>(cid:31) repair kit<br>(cid:31) carrying bag</p>\n<footer id='21' style='font-size:18px'>32</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 17716, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='17' style='font-size:14px'>Balloon Print India<br>the group of toycoon inflatables</header>\n<br><h1 id='18' style='font-size:20px'>Our manufacturing Unit</h1>\n<figure><img id='19' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(2,90); bottom-right:(215,251)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='20' style='font-size:16px'>Plant 1</h1>\n<br><figure><img id='21' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(246,88); bottom-right:(529,306)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='22' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(564,81); bottom-right:(817,271)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='23' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(57,287); bottom-right:(164,428)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='24' style='font-size:16px'>Plant 2</h1>\n<br><figure><img id='25' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(247,282); bottom-right:(475,451)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='26' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(546,278); bottom-right:(676,462)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='27' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(736,276); bottom-right:(845,449)\" /></figure>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 47319, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='8' style='font-size:16px'>pneumatic advertising</header>\n<br><h1 id='9' style='font-size:20px'>PNEUMATIC INFLATABLE<br>AIRBOARD</h1>\n<h1 id='10' style='font-size:14px'>Product code: GL-SE-004</h1>\n<h1 id='11' style='font-size:14px'>Application:</h1>\n<br><p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Pneumatic inflatable airboard is a portable advertising solution<br>of increasing significance. It is multipurpose carrier - it can be<br>a large format surface for outdoor cinemas and promotional<br>content billboard.</p>\n<h1 id='13' style='font-size:14px'>Technical information:</h1>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(cid:31) Frame - 300gsm PVC - coated polyester fabric of excellent<br>parameters such as high tear strength and tensile strength,<br>outstanding water proofing, bending strength, temperature<br>and UV resistance<br>(cid:31) Material is also available with FR B1 certificate. Colour of the<br>frame material is available in predefined chart.<br>(cid:31) Advertising area: 300gsm mesh banner<br>or<br>(cid:31) Display area (for outdoor cinema) - microrubber-coated<br>PVC material available in white<br>(cid:31) Printing technique: high quality UV / solvent printing (mesh<br>banner)</p>\n<h1 id='15' style='font-size:14px'>The set includes:</h1>\n<br><p id='16' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(cid:31) air-blower built in the base<br>(cid:31) set of guy ropes and pegs<br>(cid:31) carrying bag</p>\n<br><footer id='17' style='font-size:18px'>12</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 47272, "type": "text", "content": "pneumatic advertising\n\n\n \n\n# PNEUMATIC INFLATABLE \nGATE\n\n\n# Product code: GL-SE-004\n\n\n# Application:\n\n\n \n\n'Start' and 'finish' gate markings play significant \nrole in every sport or cultural events however \ntheir largest advantage is still underappreciated. \nThey are the background of pictures published \nin newspapers, TV news, on websites and social \nmedia sites. It is a powerful advertising tool.\n\n\n# Technical information:\n\n\n \n\n(cid:31) 300gsm PVC - coated polyester fabric of \nexcellent parameters such as high tear \nstrength and tensile strength, outstanding \nwater proofing, bending strength, \ntemperature and UV resistance \n(cid:31) Material is also available with FR B1 \ncertificate \n(cid:31) Printing technique: high quality UV printing\n\n\n# The set includes:\n\n\n \n\n(cid:31) air-blower built in the base \n(cid:31) set of guy ropes and pegs \n(cid:31) carrying bag\n\n\n6\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 47313, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='83' style='font-size:16px'>pneumatic advertising</header>\n<br><h1 id='84' style='font-size:20px'>PNEUMATIC INFLATABLE<br>GATE</h1>\n<h1 id='85' style='font-size:14px'>Product code: GL-SE-004</h1>\n<h1 id='86' style='font-size:14px'>Application:</h1>\n<br><p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>'Start' and 'finish' gate markings play significant<br>role in every sport or cultural events however<br>their largest advantage is still underappreciated.<br>They are the background of pictures published<br>in newspapers, TV news, on websites and social<br>media sites. It is a powerful advertising tool.</p>\n<h1 id='88' style='font-size:14px'>Technical information:</h1>\n<br><p id='89' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(cid:31) 300gsm PVC - coated polyester fabric of<br>excellent parameters such as high tear<br>strength and tensile strength, outstanding<br>water proofing, bending strength,<br>temperature and UV resistance<br>(cid:31) Material is also available with FR B1<br>certificate<br>(cid:31) Printing technique: high quality UV printing</p>\n<h1 id='90' style='font-size:14px'>The set includes:</h1>\n<br><p id='91' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(cid:31) air-blower built in the base<br>(cid:31) set of guy ropes and pegs<br>(cid:31) carrying bag</p>\n<br><figure><img id='92' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"POLYGONAL\nGATE\nRECTANGULAR\nGATE\nARCH\nGATE\" data-coord=\"top-left:(657,153); bottom-right:(1724,1146)\" /></figure>\n<p id='93' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>6</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 17715, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='6' style='font-size:16px'>Balloon Print India</h1>\n<br><p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>the group of toycoon inflatables</p>\n<br><h1 id='8' style='font-size:16px'>Sky Balloons</h1>\n<br><h1 id='9' style='font-size:22px'>Our manufacturing products</h1>\n<figure><img id='10' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(14,100); bottom-right:(272,220)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='11' style='font-size:20px'>In\ufb02atables</h1>\n<figure><img id='12' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(16,250); bottom-right:(92,338)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='13' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(100,245); bottom-right:(174,339)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='14' style='font-size:18px'>Mini In\ufb02atables</h1>\n<figure><img id='15' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(7,365); bottom-right:(286,489)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='16' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"Air Dancers\nAir \ufb01ll Costumes\nIn\ufb02atable Arches\nBalloon prinng\nProduct lunch In\ufb02atables\" data-coord=\"top-left:(310,136); bottom-right:(877,443)\" /></figure>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 47278, "type": "text", "content": "pneumatic advertising\n\n\n \n\n# PNEUMATIC INFLATABLE \nAIRBOARD\n\n\n# Product code: GL-SE-004\n\n\n# Application:\n\n\n \n\nPneumatic inflatable airboard is a portable advertising solution \nof increasing significance. It is multipurpose carrier - it can be \na large format surface for outdoor cinemas and promotional \ncontent billboard.\n\n\n# Technical information:\n\n\n \n\n(cid:31) Frame - 300gsm PVC - coated polyester fabric of excellent \nparameters such as high tear strength and tensile strength, \noutstanding water proofing, bending strength, temperature \nand UV resistance \n(cid:31) Material is also available with FR B1 certificate. Colour of the \nframe material is available in predefined chart. \n(cid:31) Advertising area: 300gsm mesh banner \nor \n(cid:31) Display area (for outdoor cinema) - microrubber-coated \nPVC material available in white \n(cid:31) Printing technique: high quality UV / solvent printing (mesh \nbanner)\n\n\n# The set includes:\n\n\n \n\n(cid:31) air-blower built in the base \n(cid:31) set of guy ropes and pegs \n(cid:31) carrying bag\n\n\n \n12\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 47274, "type": "text", "content": " \n\n# PNEUMATIC INFLATABLE \nTENT\n\n\n# Product code: GL-SE-004\n\n\n# Application:\n\n\n \n\nFirst and main role of tents is customer service \npoint. It is an excellent solution during outdoor \nevents where constant electricity supply is \nprovided. It is also an appealing and compact \nalternative from frame tents\n\n\n# Technical information:\n\n\n \n\n(cid:31) 300gsm PVC - coated polyester fabric of \nexcellent parameters such as high tear \nstrength and tensile strength, outstanding \nwater proofing, bending strength, \ntemperature and UV resistance \n(cid:31) Material is also available with FR B1 \ncertificate \n(cid:31) Printing technique: high quality UV printing\n\n\n# The set includes:\n\n\n \n\n(cid:31) air-blower built in the base \n(cid:31) set of guy ropes and pegs \n(cid:31) carrying bag\n\n\n \n\n# pneumatic advertising\n\n\n8\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 47327, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='85' style='font-size:16px'>air-tight advertising</h1>\n<br><h1 id='86' style='font-size:20px'>CONSTANT PRESSURE<br>SPHERE-SHAPED BALLOON</h1>\n<h1 id='87' style='font-size:14px'>Product code: GL-SE-004</h1>\n<h1 id='88' style='font-size:14px'>Application:</h1>\n<br><p id='89' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Sphere-shaped balloons could be filled up with<br>helium or air and they provide remarkable<br>advertising carrier as a perfect addition to any<br>outdoor event.</p>\n<h1 id='90' style='font-size:14px'>Technical information:</h1>\n<br><p id='91' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(cid:31) Inner layer - 300gsm polyurethan<br>(cid:31) Outer layer - 220\u2013297gsm coated<br>polyester fabric<br>(cid:31) Printing technique: high quality UV printing</p>\n<h1 id='92' style='font-size:14px'>The set includes:</h1>\n<br><p id='93' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(cid:31) electric pump<br>(cid:31) set of ropes and pegs<br>(cid:31) repair kit<br>(cid:31) carrying bag</p>\n<footer id='94' style='font-size:18px'>20</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 47310, "type": "html", "content": "<br><h1 id='26' style='font-size:22px'>table of contents</h1>\n<p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>4\u20135</p>\n<br><h1 id='28' style='font-size:18px'>Pneumatic inflatable balloon</h1>\n<br><h1 id='29' style='font-size:14px'>22\u201323</h1>\n<br><p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Constant pressure inflatable zeppelin</p>\n<h1 id='31' style='font-size:18px'>Pneumatic inflatable gate</h1>\n<br><p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Constant pressure inflatable gate</p>\n<br><p id='33' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>6\u20137 24\u201325</p>\n<p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Pneumatic inflatable tent</p>\n<br><p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>8\u20139 26\u201327</p>\n<br><p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Constant pressure inflatable tent</p>\n<p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Pneumatic inflatable pillar</p>\n<br><p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>10\u201311 28\u201329</p>\n<br><h1 id='39' style='font-size:18px'>Sinus tent</h1>\n<p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Pneumatic inflatable airboard</p>\n<br><p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>12\u201313 30\u201331 Constant pressure inflatable pillar</p>\n<h1 id='42' style='font-size:18px'>Windman (skydancer)</h1>\n<br><h1 id='43' style='font-size:16px'>14\u201315 32\u201333 Constant pressure furniture</h1>\n<p id='44' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Frame tent</p>\n<br><h1 id='45' style='font-size:16px'>16\u201317 34 Other customized air-tight shapes</h1>\n<p id='46' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Other customized shapes</p>\n<br><p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>18 35</p>\n<p id='48' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>19 36\u201339</p>\n<br><p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Colour chart of the material<br>for pneumatic advertising</p>\n<p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>20\u201321</p>\n<br><p id='51' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Constant pressure sphere-shaped balloon</p>\n<br><p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Colour chart of the material</p>\n<br><p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>for constant pressure advertising</p>\n<p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Vento flags</p>\n<p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>40</p>\n<br><p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Flagpole bases</p>\n<p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>3</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	How might the presence of specific inflatable products like 'Air Dancers' influence the company's promotional strategies?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 121, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 1887342, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='47' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"Active involvement of the farmers\nParticipatory\nFarmers learn from other IPM\nfarmers\nNot classroom training\nPractical\nActive involvement of the farmers\nGroup meetings\nRegular meetings Throughout cropping season\nGuided by IPM facilitator\nAESA based IPM\ntraining for farmers Learning through Design studies to solve problems\nfield experiments\nLearning by doing\nProblem oriented Farmers choose topics\nLearning about crop ecology\nUnderstanding role of beneficial insects\" data-coord=\"top-left:(236,177); bottom-right:(865,590)\" /></figure>\n<h1 id='48' style='font-size:20px'>B . Field scouting</h1>\n<br><p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>AESA requires skill. So only the trained farmers can undertake this exercise. However, other<br>farmers also can do orchard scouting in their own orchards at regular intervals to monitor the<br>major pest situation.</p>\n<br><p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Surveillance on pest occurrence in the main orchard should commence soon after tree<br>establishment and at weekly intervals thereafter. In orchard, select five spots randomly. Select<br>five random plants at each spot for recording counts of insects as per procedure finalized for<br>individual insects.</p>\n<h1 id='51' style='font-size:20px'>S ampling in fruit crops:</h1>\n<p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>A person doing sampling is known as an inspector or scout. The fruit crops are perennial in<br>nature and before starting the surveillance process an inspector or scout who is going to<br>implement the activity should know about the nature of crop as well as different crop stages and<br>its growth stages. Knowing crop and its nature helps in identifying the important pests and<br>diseases because the pests and diseases infest and infect, respectively, certain stage or part of<br>the plant.</p>\n<h1 id='53' style='font-size:20px'>Sampling patterns:</h1>\n<p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>D ifferent methods of sampling are reported and being utilized for sampling in crops as well as in<br>fruit plants such as random, scattered etc. However, some of them are specific to the<br>crop/disease/pests and growth stage (some of them are to be utilized at initial stage and/or for<br>subsequent plant growth stage). Also the sampling methods may differ based on the nature and<br>requirement of the study such as estimating disease incidence and/or disease severity. For a<br>common orchard study, the assessment methods should not only be easy and quick in use for a<br>wide range of conditions, but also adequately reliable, reproducible, and accurate/precise.<br>However, this is not always possible. Generally, in fruit crops the following sampling patterns<br>are used:</p>\n<footer id='55' style='font-size:20px'>15</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 31785, "type": "text", "content": "# S UCTION- \nTRAPPING \nRESULTS\n\n\n \n\nT he information below relates to suction-trap samples collected during \nBulletin Week 14: 30/6-6/7.\n\n\n \n\n\uf0b7 Generally aphid flight activity as monitored by the suction-traps was \ndown this week, with the exception of the cereal aphids. \n\uf0b7 All three cereal aphids increased this week, particularly in Scotland, \nbut for the time of year accumulated numbers are low. There are \nreports of the first winter barley crops being harvested in the south. \n\uf0b7 Numbers of the peach\u2013potato aphid (Myzus persicae) fell almost \neverywhere this week, with just a minor hotspot persisting at \nWellesbourne. \n\uf0b7 The potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) was caught in low \nnumbers at seven sites. \n\uf0b7 The pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) has been caught at nine sites \nwith a hotspot at Wellesbourne. Field reports indicate colonies \npresent in many pea and bean crops. \n\uf0b7 The mealy cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) was caught at \neight sites in central and southern England. \n\uf0b7 The black bean aphid, (Aphis fabae), was caught in nine suction- \ntraps this bulletin week with a hotspot at Writtle (13).\n\n\n# S uction-trap sites\n\n\n \n\nThe tables below show current and accumulated totals with comparisons to\nprevious years. \u2018/\u2019 indicates that identifications have not \nbeen completed and \u2018*\u2019 indicates where totals have been corrected\nproportionally to seven days, fewer days\u2019 samples having been \nidentified.\n\n\n \nRose\u2013grain aphid (Metopolophium dirhodum)\n\n\nT he rose\u2013grain aphid was caught at eleven sites this week, and was increasing\nat five sites, with hotspots at \nStarcross (63), Dundee (85) and Wellesbourne (49). Accumulated numbers are\nbelow average everywhere \nexcept Starcross.\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 31787, "type": "text", "content": "# Peach\u2013potato aphid (Myzus persicae)\n\n\n \n\nThe peach\u2013potato aphid was caught at nine sites this week, with numbers\ndecreasing at most sites. There \nwas a hotspot at Wellesbourne (79).\n\n\n \n\nPotato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae)\n\n\n \n\nThe potato aphid was caught at seven sites this week in low numbers.\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 31786, "type": "text", "content": "# Bird cherry\u2013oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi)\n\n\n \n\nThe bird cherry\u2013oat aphid was caught at eleven sites this week, with numbers\nincreasing at eight sites, with \nhotspots at Dundee (72) and Gogarbank (66). The accumulated numbers remain\nwell below average.\n\n\n \n\n# Grain aphid (Sitobion avenae)\n\n\n \n\nThe grain aphid was caught at eleven sites, with increases at nine of these\nsites since last week, and \nhotspots at Wellesbourne (72), Rothamsted (83), Writtle (71) and Starcross\n(60).\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3174536, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='0' style='font-size:16px'>AHDB Aphid News ( 24th June 2016 No.13)</h1>\n<br><figure><img id='1' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1101,116); bottom-right:(1199,238)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='2' style='font-size:20px'>APHID ALERT SUMMARY</h1>\n<p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>This alert summarises up-to-date results from the Rothamsted/SASA suction-trap (ST) network and the FERA yellow<br>water-pan trap (YWT) network. Further details of the ST results can be found below and further details of the YWT<br>results can be found at www.potato.org.uk/online-toolbox/aphid-monitoring.</p>\n<br><p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>GENERAL \u2013 More stop/start weather as the weather pattern returned to warm and wet, resulting in a drop in aphid<br>flight activity compared to the previous week\u2019s big highs. However, temperatures were 1\u00b0C above normal and hence<br>aphid numbers already on the crop will be building, as will the number of natural enemies trying to keep them in<br>check.</p>\n<br><h1 id='5' style='font-size:14px'>WINTER AND SPRING CEREALS</h1>\n<br><p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Numbers of the cereal aphids in the suction-traps were again relatively stable this week, but the accumulated<br>numbers of the bird cherry\u2013oat aphid remain above the 10yr mean for this stage in the year. Field reports indicate<br>that cereal aphid numbers in the crop are below the threshold for control, and no reports of spraying have been<br>received. The threshold is 66% of tillers infested from GS61 to two weeks before the end of grain filling. Most damage<br>occurs when grain aphids colonise the ears between GS 61-73.</p>\n<br><h1 id='7' style='font-size:14px'>POTATOES</h1>\n<br><p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Numbers of the peach\u2013potato aphid (Myzus persicae) are down, but remain high in the midlands (ST+YWT) and<br>northern England (YWT). Virus pressure is very high in the midlands and northern England and moderate in most of<br>Scotland, East Anglia and southwest England, principally due to the numbers of peach\u2013potato aphids. The potato<br>aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) and the glasshouse and potato aphid (Aulacorthum solani) have been caught in low<br>numbers in both ST and YWT.</p>\n<br><p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Numbers of non-colonising vectors of PVY and PVA are also contributing to the overall virus pressure. These include<br>the willow-carrot aphid and the leaf curling plum aphid in northern regions, the mealy cabbage aphid in the midlands<br>and the bird cherry-oat aphid in parts of Scotland. Although relatively low at present, the other cereal aphids and the<br>black bean aphid may also pose a threat later on. Further regional information on potato virus vectors can be<br>accessed here: www.potato.org.uk/online-toolbox/aphid-monitoring.</p>\n<br><h1 id='10' style='font-size:14px'>WINTER and SPRING OILSEED RAPE</h1>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Peach\u2013potato aphid and mealy cabbage aphid numbers in both ST and YWT are down, but remain high in the<br>midlands and are thought to be moving away from maturing winter OSR. Field reports indicate mealy cabbage aphid<br>numbers are below the threshold of >4% plants infested before petal fall in spring OSR.</p>\n<br><h1 id='12' style='font-size:14px'>FIELD BRASSICAS and LEAFY VEGETABLES</h1>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Peach\u2013potato aphid and mealy cabbage aphid numbers in both ST and YWT are down, but remain high in the<br>midlands. A single currant-lettuce aphid (Nasonovia ribisnigri) was caught at the Wellesbourne ST this week. Brassica<br>growers thoughts will be dominated by the recent exceptionally high numbers of diamondback moths arriving in the<br>UK and their resultant offspring see link :- http://www.rothamsted.ac.uk/news-views/exceptionally-high-numbers-<br>diamondback-moths-are-arriving-uk</p>\n<br><h1 id='14' style='font-size:14px'>CARROTS and PARSNIPS</h1>\n<br><p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The willow carrot aphid was caught at most sites this week, with numbers increasing in the North, but falling<br>elsewhere. Numbers of parsnip aphids were down (Cavariella pastinaceae at Preston 22, Wellesbourne 2, York 12 and<br>Wye 2) and (Cavariella theobaldi at Preston 6 and Starcross 1).</p>\n<br><p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>PEAS and BEANS</p>\n<br><p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The pea aphid was caught at 11 ST sites this week, with highest numbers at Wellesbourne (28) and Kirton (24).<br>Combining peas should be sprayed when around 20% of plants are infested and vining peas when 15% are infested.<br>The black bean aphid has been caught in YWT samples from all English regions, but, with the exception of a hotspot<br>at Starcross, seems rather shy of the STs so far. The threshold for black bean aphid in field and broad beans is 10%<br>colonisation at early flowering and 5% infested to prevent virus transmission.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 416763, "type": "text", "content": "AESA based IPM \u2013 Sugarcane\n\n\n\u2022 Rats: Count number of plants aff ected by rats. \n\u2022 Weeds: Observe weeds in the fi eld and their intensity. \n\u2022 Water: Observe the water situation of the fi eld. \n\u2022 Weather: Observe the weather condition.\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 While walking in the fi eld, manually collect insects in plastic bags. Use a\nsweep net to collect additional \ninsects. Collect plant parts with disease symptoms. \n\u2022 Find a shady place to sit as a group in a small circle for drawing and\ndiscussion. \n\u2022 If needed, kill the insects with some chloroform (if available) on a piece\nof cotton. \n\u2022 Each group will fi rst identify the pests, defenders and diseases collected. \n\u2022 Each group will then analyze the fi eld situation in detail and present\ntheir observations \nand analysis in a drawing (the AESA drawing). \n\u2022 Each drawing will show a plant representing the fi eld situation. The\nweather condition, water level, disease \nsymptoms, etc. will be shown in the drawing. Pest insects will be drawn on one\nside. Defenders (benefi cial \ninsects) will be drawn on another side. Write the number next to each insect.\nIndicate the plant part \nwhere the pests and defenders were found. Try to show the interaction between\npests and defenders. \n\u2022 Each group will discuss the situation and make a crop management\nrecommendation. \n\u2022 The small groups then join each other and a member of each group will now\npresent their analysis in front \nof all participants. \n\u2022 The facilitator will facilitate the discussion by asking guiding questions\nand makes sure that all participants \n(also shy or illiterate persons) are actively involved in this process. \n\u2022 Formulate a common conclusion. The whole group should support the decision\non what \nfi eld management is required in the AESA plot. \n\u2022 Make sure that the required activities (based on the decision) will be\ncarried out. \n\u2022 Keep the drawing for comparison purpose in the following weeks.\n\n\n \n\n# Data recording\n\n\n \n\nFarmers should record data in a notebook and drawing on a chart. \n\u2022 Keeping records of what has happened help us making an analysis and draw\nconclusions\n\n\n \n\n# Data to be recorded\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Plant growth (weekly) : Height of plant; Number of leaves \n\u2022 Crop situation (e.g. for AESA) : Plant health; Pests, diseases, weeds;\nNatural enemies; Soil conditions; \nIrrigation; Weather conditions \n\u2022 Input costs : Setts / planting material; Fertilizer; Pesticides; Labour \n\u2022 Harvest : Yield (Kg/acre) ; Price of produce (Rs./Kg)\n\n\n \n\nSome questions that can be used during the discussion\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Summarize the present situation of the fi eld? \n\u2022 What crop management aspect is most important at this moment? \n\u2022 Is there a big change in crop situation compared to last visit? What kind of\nchange? \n\u2022 Is there any serious pest or disease outbreak? \n\u2022 What is the situation of the benefi cial insects? \n\u2022 Is there a balance in the fi eld between pests and defenders? \n\u2022 Were you able to identify all pests and diseases? \n\u2022 Do you think the crop is healthy? \n\u2022 What management practices are needed at this moment? \n\u2022 When will it be done? Who will do it? Make sure that responsibilities for\nall activities are being discussed. \n\u2022 Are you expecting any problems to emerge during the coming week such as\ncongenial weather conditions \nfor pest buildup? \n\u2022 What problems? How can we avoid it? How can we be prepared? \n\u2022 Summarize the actions to be taken.\n\n\n8\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 31788, "type": "text", "content": "# Mealy Cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae)\n\n\n \n\nThe mealy cabbage aphid was caught at eight sites this week, with hotspots at\nWellesbourne (21), Writtle \n(17) and Starcross (19). Accumulated numbers are well below the 10-year means.\n\n\n \n\n# Willow carrot aphid (Cavariella aegopodii)\n\n\n \n\nThe willow carrot aphid was caught at seven sites this week, with numbers low\neverywhere.\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1370926, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='86' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>until the last individual from the cohort of 30 molted to the adult stage. Adult aphids<br>were observed daily and newly born offspring counted and removed until the last<br>adult from the cohort died.</p>\n<br><p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Life history parameters of instar-specific and total developmental period<br>(days or degree-days), age-specific survival (percentage) and fecundity (number of<br>progeny per female), gross reproductive rate (mean number of offspring produced<br>per female per lifetime without regard to female survival), net reproductive rate<br>(mean number of offspring produced per female accounting for the female survival),<br>finite rate of increase (rate of population growth), doubling time, and intrinsic rate of<br>increase were measured. In this analysis, the first day as nymph was set as the<br>first pivotal age and age increments were set to 1 day. The intrinsic rate of increase<br>(r) was determined by iteratively solving the Euler equation, \u03a3 e-rxlxmx = 1, where x is<br>the age in days (including immature stages), r is the intrinsic rate of increase, and lx<br>is the proportion of individuals alive at time x of an original cohort (including<br>immature mortality). The variable mx is the mean number of offspring produced per<br>surviving aphid during the age interval x (1 day). The life table parameters,<br>including gross reproductive rate (GRR = \u03a3mx), net reproductive rate (R0 = \u03a3lxmx),<br>finite rate of increase (\u03bb = er, a discrete form of the intrinsic rate of increase), and<br>doubling time (DT = ln2/r) were calculated using the methods described by<br>Andrewartha and Birch (1954). After computing the intrinsic rate of increase (r) for<br>the original data (rall), the jackknife method (Meyer et al. 1986) was used to estimate<br>the standard error of the calculated life table statistics, including GRR, R0, \u03bb, GT,<br>and DT. One-way analysis of variance and least significant difference procedure (P<br>< 0.05) were used to measure variation in instar developmental periods and instar-<br>specific survival.</p>\n<br><p id='88' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>To monitor the temperatures that aphids experienced, two, four-probe<br>HOBO\u00ae weather dataloggers (model H08-006-04, Onset Computer Corp., Bourne,<br>MA) were installed in the cotton field for the duration of the field study. The two<br>dataloggers were installed on two separate plants, with temperature probes at four<br>identical locations on each plant to estimate the actual temperature experienced by<br>aphids across various strata within the plant. One of the temperature recording<br>sites was on the undersurface of cotton leaves at the fifth node from the top of the<br>plant. Degree-days were computed above a developmental threshold of 6.26\u00baC<br>(Parajulee 2007).</p>\n<br><p id='89' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Field Population Dynamics. Thirty-two homogeneous cotton plants were<br>selected when plants began fruiting (all plants with a match-head square), and each<br>plant was monitored daily for naturally colonized abundance of cotton aphids.<br>Cotton aphid age structure was not quantified. Daily population dynamics of cotton<br>aphids were monitored for 108 days (30 June to 16 October) in 2003 and 80 days<br>(16 July to 4 October) in 2004. Test plants were monitored for cotton aphids at four<br>specific positions within the plant canopy to examine the within-plant distribution of<br>cotton aphids and identify an indicator leaf position for sampling aphids. Sampling<br>positions were 1) second leaf from the top of the plant (T2), 2) fifth leaf from the top<br>of the plant (T5), 3) a leaf approximately at the mid-canopy of the plant (M), and 4)<br>second leaf from the base of the plant (B2). In addition to the four selected potential<br>indicator leaves on each of the 30 plants, six selected plants were monitored daily<br>for whole-plant aphid counts for the entire monitoring period. It is to be noted that<br>the sampling position within the plant canopy remained constant, but the actual leaf<br>sampled changed as the season progressed and plants attained newer nodes.</p>\n<footer id='90' style='font-size:14px'>105</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 595782, "type": "text", "content": "# 1st June 2018\n\n\nT his news sheet summarises up-to-date results from the Rothamsted/SASA\nsuction-trap (ST) network and the FERA yellow water- \npan trap (YWT) network.\n\n\nG ENERAL \u2013 With the wet but warm weather, aphid diversity has increased this\nweek. Total numbers have fallen largely due to a \nreduction in the numbers of the Common Sycamore Aphid (Drepanosiphum\nplatanoidis).\n\n\n# C EREALS\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Numbers of cereal aphids in the suction-traps increased slightly this week.\nThe accumulated numbers are mostly below the \n10yr mean for this stage in the year. \n\u2022 No field reports have been received this week. The thresholds to justify\ninsecticide sprays for direct feeding damage is for \n50% of tillers to be infested before GS61. Spring cereals remain at potential\nrisk from BYDV up to GS31. \n\u2022 Monitoring crops is advised.\n\n\n \n\n# POTATOES\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 The peach\u2013potato aphid (Myzus persicae) have been caught throughout the\nsouth of England in the suction-traps and in \nthe Midlands in the yellow water-pan traps. \n\u2022 The potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) was caught at nine sites in low\nnumbers this bulletin week in the suction-traps \nand in low numbers from the Midlands and South west in the yellow water-pan\ntraps. \n\u2022 Virus pressure is high in the Midlands, moderate in East Anglia and low in\nAngus and Perthshire, Northern England and the \nSouth West. \n\u2022 Numbers of non-colonising vectors of PVY and PVA such as the willow-carrot\naphid are increasing and may contribute to \nthe overall virus pressure. \n\u2022 Although relatively scarce at present, cereal aphids and the black bean\naphid may also pose a threat later. Further regional \ninformation on potato virus vectors and the FERA yellow water-pan trap (YWT)\nnetwork can be accessed here: \nwww.potato.org.uk/online-toolbox/aphid-monitoring.\n\n\n \n\nOILSEED RAPE, FIELD BRASSICAS and LEAFY VEGETABLES\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Peach\u2013potato aphids (Myzus persicae) have been caught throughout the south\nof England in the suction-traps and in the \nMidlands in the yellow water-pan traps. Tests show that Turnip yellows virus\npressure was high but lower than normal for \nthis time of year. \n\u2022 Low numbers of the mealy cabbage aphid were caught in ST sites across\nEngland. \n\u2022 Single currant-lettuce aphids (Nasonovia ribisnigri) were caught at Hereford\nand Rothamsted ST this week.\n\n\n \n\n# CARROTS\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 The willow carrot aphid was caught at thirteen sites this week with the\nhighest numbers at Broom\u2019s Barn (704) and Writtle \n(239).\n\n\n \n\n# PEAS and BEANS\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 The pea aphid was caught in low numbers at five sites this week and included\nfirst arrivals at Edinburgh (24/5), Preston \n(27/5), Writtle (25/5), Silwood (25/5), Wye (25/5) and Starcross (22/5). \n\u2022 No field reports of pea aphid have been received so far. Combining peas\nshould be sprayed when around 20% of plants are \ninfested and vining peas when 15% are infested. \n\u2022 A few black bean aphids have been caught in our traps, but no field reports\nyet. The threshold for black bean aphid in field \nand broad beans is 10% colonisation.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1370931, "type": "html", "content": "<figure data-category='chart'><img id='17' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(107,101); bottom-right:(789,1105)\" /></figure>\n<br><caption id='18' style='font-size:18px'>F ig. 5. Daily cotton aphid population dynamics on cotton leaves representing<br>specific within-plant strata, 2004.</caption>\n<footer id='19' style='font-size:14px'>110</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	If the monitoring for aphid populations occurs weekly, determine the potential implications of a single week's data on long-term crop management strategies.	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 123, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["temporal reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 1693510, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='60' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>6 STEPS TO ISO CERTIFICATION</p>\n<figure><img id='61' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(6,250); bottom-right:(1247,612)\" /></figure>\n<table id='62' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td></td><td>STEP 1 Enquiry Complete the Company Profile Questionnaire including selecting relevant management standards, outlining the scope of certification, number of staff and operational sites. This information will give our certification team an overview of your business so we can provide you with a non-binding fee proposal and your Certification Audit Programme.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>STEP 2 Fee Proposal, Certification Terms and Conditions We will provide you with a fee proposal outlining your Certification Audit Programme, including mandatory audit days for the certificate cycle, cost, and terms. You will need to accept the Fee Proposal, including our Certification Terms & Conditions and return the registration application prior to scheduling the audit.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>STEP 3 GAP Analysis (optional) To ensure you are ready for your certification, we recommend you complete a Gap-Assessment and provide it to our Auditor Consultants prior to the Stage 1 audit. If you feel you are ready, you should commence the next steps towards the registration process. If you are unsure of the business's readiness, you can book one of our audit consultants to conduct a gap analysis against the basic requirements of the standard(s). This will give you comfort that your organisation is ready for certification. The gap analysis is optional at any time.</td></tr></table>\n<footer id='63' style='font-size:14px'>ISO CERTIFICATIONS v01.2021</footer>\n<br><footer id='64' style='font-size:14px'>page 5 of 10</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1029685, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='69' style='font-size:14px'>M.J.M. Bottema et al.</header>\n<br><header id='70' style='font-size:14px'>Marine Policy 132 (2021) 104658</header>\n<p id='71' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>the basis of their capacity to successfully comply [42]. In other cases,<br>membership is based on a farmer\u2019s own technical and organizational<br>capabilities to join a group and comply to the individual farm standards.<br>If farmers do not conform to the certification standards and/or refrain<br>from taking the necessary corrective action in the manner prescribed by<br>the audit, they can be removed from the unit of certification [12,39,41].<br>In all instances groups are made up of spatially non-contiguous members<br>and are located in areas interspersed with non-members.</p>\n<br><p id='72' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Accountability of group members is prescribed through three types<br>of written agreements designed to formalize trust through binding<br>commitments, with the \u2018group\u2019 as the unit of certification. First, indi-<br>vidual farmers sign a written agreement to conform to the farm-level<br>standards. Second, the \u2018group\u2019 signs a written agreement with the<br>standard owner (ASC, GAA or GLOBALG.A.P.). Third, the \u2018group\u2019 signs a<br>written agreement with the certification body, responsible for con-<br>ducting the conformity assessments [12,39,41]. The \u2018group\u2019 then has the<br>authority to exercise control, to ensure compliance, and is accountable<br>for the collective performance of its members toward the standard<br>owner.</p>\n<br><p id='73' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Verification in the programs reviewed is organized through both<br>internal and external conformity assessment. First, internal verification<br>is conducted through an audit of the ICS and inspection of farms by<br>qualified inspectors officially appointed by the group [12,39,41].<br>External verification consists of an ICS audit, an on-site assessment of<br>the group management office and farm inspections, all carried out by a<br>third-party certification auditor. For the internal verification process, all<br>members are audited annually. However, for the external verification<br>process, only a sample of farmers is audited. For BAP and GLOBALG.A.<br>P., the square root of all farmers in the group plus one must be inspected,<br>so that 100% of the farms are externally inspected over a period of five<br>years [12,41]. For ASC, the auditor scores groups on the maturity of<br>their ICS, which feeds into the calculation of the audits sample size [39].</p>\n<br><p id='74' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>All the programs reviewed include guidelines and checklists for<br>operating and auditing the ICS, as well as for imposing sanctions on<br>farmers for non-conformity [12,39,41]. By prescribing these guidelines,<br>the ultimate control over the non-conformity is kept under the external<br>control of the standard holder. This also reinforces a rigid system of<br>control over verification and indicates limited trust in farmers to orga-<br>nize verification themselves.</p>\n<br><p id='75' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Verification takes place largely at farm-level, within a sample of<br>farmers that are selected to represent the group. Only for the Biodiver-<br>sity Environmental Impact Assessment and participatory Social Impact<br>Assessments required for some ASC farm standards [43], and the<br>biodiversity-inclusive Environmental Impact Assessment and Environ-<br>mental Risk Assessment for GLOBALG.A.P.\u2019s farm standard [44], is data<br>also collected beyond individual farms.</p>\n<h1 id='76' style='font-size:18px'>4.2. BAP\u2019s Biosecurity Area Management Standard</h1>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 242800, "type": "text", "content": "Issue 1.2 (28/08/19)\n\n\n# ANNEX FOR GlobalG.A.P: GGN 4063061339980\n\n\nH IDDENFJORD \nFutaklettur 1\n\n\n# 3 60 Sandavagur\n\n\nO ption: Option 1 Multisite without QMS \nDate certificate issued: 22-May-2020 \nProduction Sites #\n\n\n# P roduct Handling Units (PHUs) (If any)\n\n\n \n\n[Godskingarvirkid, Bryggjan 11, 380 Sorvagur, Scope: Aquaculture, Parallel\nOwnership: NO]\n\n\nThis certificate is the property of Acoura Marine Ltd, and is issued subject\nto the Acoura Certification Regulations. This certificate and all copies or\nreproductions of the certificate shall be returned or destroyed \non request by Acoura Marine. This certificate itself does not constitute\nevidence that a particular product supplied by the certificate holder is\nGlobalG.A.P certified. Products offered, shipped or sold by the \ncertificate holder can only be considered covered by the scope of this\ncertificate when the required GlobalG.A.P. claim is clearly stated on invoices\nand shipping documents. To check its validity telephone \n+44 (0)131 335 6620, or write to Acoura Marine, 6 Redheughs Rigg, Edinburgh,\nEH12 9DQ, Scotland, United Kingdom. Reg. SC313289\n\n\n \nPage 2 of 2\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1965878, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='46' style='font-size:14px'>Non-Food Packaging Module (HPC420)</header>\n<p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>In order for the Module to be included within the audit program, additional time will be needed<br>for assessing the Module. It is expected that at least an additional half-day (0,5 man-day; 4 hours)<br>will be required to complete the auditing against the requirements of the Module. The CB shall<br>indicate the expected additional time requirements at the time of planning and/or confirming the<br>on-site audit.</p>\n<p id='48' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Where the CB offers multi-site sampling, a sampling program can be used to audit the Module in<br>accordance with Annex 1. The ISO 22003 and IAF MD 1 requirements shall be applied for the use<br>of the multi-site auditing of the Module.</p>\n<br><p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Multi-site sampling is only allowed on the Module provided that:</p>\n<br><p id='50' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>1. The Module is audited annually at the central organization; and,<br>2. The annual internal audit program of the central organization, including the Module, shall<br>include all sites of the organization.</p>\n<p id='51' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Compliance with the requirements of the Module shall be assessed as integrated part of the<br>audit against the requirements of FSSC 22000-Quality. The Module is expected to be integrated<br>into the on-site audit program as appropriate.</p>\n<p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The result of the audit against the requirements of the module shall be used as the basis for an<br>addendum to the FSSC 22000-Quality audit report. The auditor(s) shall assess the nature and<br>severity of any nonconformities.</p>\n<p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>For each nonconformity (NC), a clear concise statement of the requirement, the NC, grade of the<br>NC and the objective evidence shall be written.</p>\n<p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Nonconformities shall be managed in accordance FSSC 22000 scheme requirements.</p>\n<p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The template for the addendum for the Module audit report is contained in Annex 2. In the<br>\u201cRemark\u201d section, conformance of compliance or noncompliance shall be detailed. Non<br>applicable clauses shall be motivated.</p>\n<p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>A written summary of the nonconformities discussed at the closing meeting will be documented<br>by the auditor, either at the closing meeting or within 2 working days after completion of the<br>audit.</p>\n<br><p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>At the closing meeting, the (lead) auditor shall present the findings and discuss all<br>nonconformities that have been identified during the audit including the nonconformities against<br>the Module.</p>\n<footer id='58' style='font-size:14px'>Version: 1.0 \| October 2020</footer>\n<br><footer id='59' style='font-size:14px'>6 of 26</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 216056, "type": "text", "content": "Assessing ISO 9001:2015\n\n\n \n\n# Internal Audit Guidance\n\n\nYour organization may already have in place an ISO 9001:2008 compliant \nquality management system or you might be running an uncertified \nsystem. If this is the case, you will want to determine how closely your \nsystem conforms to the requirements ISO 9001:2015.\n\n\n \n\nThe results of a gap analysis exercise will help to determine the differences, \nor gaps, between your existing management system and the new \nrequirements. Not only will the analysis template help you to identify the \ngaps, it will also allow you to recommend how those gaps should be filled.\n\n\n \n\nThe gap analysis output also provides a valuable baseline for the \nimplementation process as a whole and for measuring progress. Try to \nunderstand each business process in the context of each of the \nrequirements by comparing different activities and processes with what \nthe standard requires. At the end of this activity you will have a list of \nactivities and processes that comply and ones that do not comply. The \nlatter list now becomes the target of your implementation plan.\n\n\n \n\n# System Audits\n\n\n \n\nThe system audits are best undertaken using the internal audit checklist. \nThis type of audit focuses on the organization\u2019s quality management \nsystem as a whole, and compares the planning activities and broad system \nrequirements to ensure that each clause or requirement has been \nimplemented.\n\n\n \n\n# Process Audits\n\n\n \n\nThe process audit is an in-depth analysis which verifies that the processes \ncomprising the management system are performing and producing in \naccordance with desired outcomes. The process audit also identifies any \nopportunities for improvement and possible corrective actions. Process\n\n\nCopyright \u00a9 2016 Endeavour Technical Ltd\n\n\n \n\naudits are used to concentrate on any special, vulnerable, new or high-risk \nprocesses.\n\n\n \n\n# Product Audits\n\n\n \n\nThe product audit may be a series of audits, at appropriate stages of \ndesign, production and delivery to verify conformity to any specified \nproduct requirements, such as dimensions, functionality, packaging and \nlabelling, at a defined frequency.\n\n\n \n\n# Internal Audit Programme\n\n\n \n\n# Implementing the Audit Programme\n\n\n \n\nDuring the early stages of implementing ISO 9001:2015, or any other \nmanagement system standard, the internal audit programme often focuses \non ensuring that any compliance issues or non-conformities are discovered \nand rectified prior to the Certification Body assessment.\n\n\n \n\nHowever, once your organization becomes certified, the audit programme \nmust evolve. The focus of the internal audit programme should be re- \ndirected, away from 'elemental' compliance with ISO 9001:2015, to an \naudit strategy that considers the 'status and importance' of each process \ncomprising the quality management system. This is one of the most \ndisregarded aspects of ISO 9001:2015.\n\n\nHas your internal audit programme been developed on an annual calendar \nthat forecasts which aspects of your QMS are going to be audited? If so, \nyou should begin programming your internal audits by basing the audit \nfrequency upon current process performance data, feedback from \ncustomers, etc., to ensure that you are focusing on the risks and issues that \nare on Top management's radar.\n\n\nPage 5 of 12\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1965847, "type": "text", "content": " \n\n1\\. INTRODUCTION\n....................................................................................................................................\n3 \n2\\. HPC 420\n................................................................................................................................................\n3 \n3\\. CERTIFICATION BODY\n...........................................................................................................................\n3 \n4\\. RELATIONSHIP WITH ICOMPLIANCE\n......................................................................................................\n3 \n5\\. AIM OF THE MODULE\n...........................................................................................................................\n4 \n6\\. SCOPE OF THE MODULE\n........................................................................................................................\n4 \n7\\. FSSC 22000-QUALITY\n............................................................................................................................\n4 \n8\\. FOOD CHAIN CATEGORY\n.......................................................................................................................\n4 \n9\\. AUDITOR QUALIFICATION\n.....................................................................................................................\n4 \n9.1 MODULE QUALIFICATION AND COMPETENCE REQUIREMENTS\n............................................................... 5 \n9.2 MAINTAINING AUDITOR QUALIFICATION\n.................................................................................................\n5 \n10\\. EXEMPTIONS ON THE BASIS OF RISK\n.....................................................................................................\n5 \n11\\. COMMUNICATION BY THE ORGANIZATION\n...........................................................................................\n5 \n12\\. ADDITIONAL AUDIT TIME CALCULATION\n...............................................................................................\n6 \n13\\. MULTI-SITE AUDITING\n..........................................................................................................................\n6 \n14\\. THE ON-SITE AUDIT\n..............................................................................................................................\n6 \n14.1 GENERAL\n..............................................................................................................................................\n6 \n14.2 REPORTING\n..........................................................................................................................................\n6 \n14.3 COMMUNICATION TO THE ORGANIZATION\n.........................................................................................\n6 \n14.4 DECISION\n..............................................................................................................................................\n7 \n14.5 ADDENDUM DOCUMENT\n.....................................................................................................................\n7 \n14.6 UNANNOUNCED AUDIT\n........................................................................................................................\n7 \n15\\. REQUIREMENTS\n....................................................................................................................................\n7 \n15.1 GENERAL\nREQUIREMENTS....................................................................................................................\n7 \n15.2 DOCUMENTATION\n...............................................................................................................................\n7 \n15.3 PRODUCT AND PROCESS CONTROL\n......................................................................................................\n8 \n15.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING\n.......................................................................................................\n10 \n15.5 COMPLAINTS\n......................................................................................................................................\n11 \n15.6 PREREQUISITES\n..................................................................................................................................\n11 \n15.7 GRAPHIC DESIGN AND ARTWORK\n......................................................................................................\n15 \n15.8 PRINT CONTROL\n.................................................................................................................................\n16 \n15.9 PERSONNEL\n........................................................................................................................................\n18 \nANNEX 1\n......................................................................................................................................................\n19 \nMULTI-SITE REQUIREMENTS\n............................................................................................................................\n19 \nANNEX 2\n......................................................................................................................................................\n20 \nSUMMARY OF REQUIREMENTS\n........................................................................................................................\n20 \nANNEX 3\n......................................................................................................................................................\n26 \nADDENDUM TEMPLATE\n....................................................................................................................................\n26\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1965875, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='7' style='font-size:14px'>Non-Food Packaging Module (HPC420)</header>\n<p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>FSSC 22000 has supported a project to develop a Non-Food Packaging Module (HPC 420). This<br>project has been initiated on request of Procter & Gamble (P&G) and ALPLA.</p>\n<p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The Non-Food Packaging Module (HPC 420) (hereafter: The Module) was drafted by a FSSC<br>22000-P&G working group based on a set of requirements supplied by iCompliance members<br>and is intended to be used in combination with FSSC 22000-Quality:</p>\n<p id='10' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>1. To certify packaging manufacturers who manufacture food packaging and non-food<br>packaging materials; and,<br>2. To certify the total Food Safety Management System of the manufacturing site.</p>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>By applying the Module both the food and non-food manufacturing processes are covered by<br>certification.</p>\n<br><p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The Module is an additional module that covers the HPC 420 (non-food) requirements that are<br>not covered by FSSC 22000-Quality.</p>\n<p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>FSSC 22000-Quality including the Module could be used to audit a packaging manufacturing site<br>that manufactures food and non-food packaging material. The Food Safety Management System<br>(FSMS) of the site is audited against FSSC 22000-Quality including the Module.</p>\n<p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>FSSC 22000 participated in the project to develop the Module in order to serve the needs of<br>packaging manufacturers to certify the total FSMS of the site. The scope of the Foundation FSSC<br>22000 is limited to food safety and quality management systems. Therefore, the Module will be<br>owned and managed by the Foundation HPC 420. This Foundation will also retain the copyright<br>and provide the Certification Bodies licenses for the use of the Module.</p>\n<p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>A Certification Body (CB) that wishes to offer certification services against the Module shall have:</p>\n<br><p id='16' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>1. A valid accreditation against FSSC 22000 (preferably FSSC 22000-Quality);<br>2. A valid accreditation against ISO 9001;<br>3. A license with the FSSC 22000 Foundation and the HPC 420 Foundation.</p>\n<p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The HPC Module is accepted by the new platform iCompliance. The Module audit report shall be<br>accepted by all iCompliance members. The aim of the Module is to integrate the needs of all<br>brand owners participating in the iCompliance initiative. The advantage is that the FSSC 22000-<br>Quality audit including the Module (and audit report) replaces second party audits that are<br>conducted by iCompliance members.</p>\n<br><p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The iCompliance Initiative is intended to drive value in the supply chain through trust,<br>collaboration, inclusion, continuous improvement and openness. It provides an efficient and<br>collaborative way to ensure the quality of raw materials, components and products that will give<br>consumers the positive product experience and safety they deserve.</p>\n<footer id='19' style='font-size:14px'>Version: 1.0 \| October 2020</footer>\n<br><footer id='20' style='font-size:14px'>3 of 26</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1965853, "type": "text", "content": "Non-Food Packaging Module (HPC420)\n\n\nThe decision of compliance with the Module will be determined independently by\nthe CB \nmanagement, following a technical review of the module audit report and the\n\u2018closing out\u2019 of \nnonconformities within the appropriate timeframe. The organization will be\ninformed of the \ncertification decision following the review.\n\n\nAn organization that complies shall receive an addendum to the FSSC 22000\ncertificate.\n\n\n \n\nThe CB shall issue an addendum in accordance with the template(s) set out by\nthe Foundation \n(see Annex 3).\n\n\nThe HPC 420 logo shall be used by the CB on the addendum.\n\n\n \n\nDates shown on the addendum shall be as follows:\n\n\n \n\na) Decision date: \nc) issue date: \nd) valid until.\n\n\nWhere the Module is audited as part of an unannounced audit, the requirements\nwill be assessed \nas an integral part of the audit.\n\n\nCompliance to the Module can only be achieved if the site is also fully\ncompliant with the \nrequirements of FSSC 22000-Quality packaging.\n\n\n# GUIDANCE TO THE REQUIREMENT\n\n\n \n\nThe organization shall have a valid FSSC 22000-Quality Packaging certificate\nand the audit against \nthe Module is integrated with a scheduled FSSC 22000-Quality Packaging audit.\n\n\n1\\. The most senior production or operation manager on site shall participate\nin the opening \nand closing meetings of the audit. \n2\\. The site shall have a genuine, current hard copy or electronic version of\nthe FSSC 22000 \nscheme and the Module available.\n\n\nElectronic files, records, data and systems shall be suitably protected and\nbacked up. A test of the \nsystem shall be carried out at least once per year, or whenever any\nsignificant changes are made \nto the system.\n\n\nGUIDANCE TO THE REQUIREMENT\n\n\n \n\nAs part of an effective management system the site shall have a system in\nplace that is suitable to \nenable recovery of documents and documented information in a force majeure\nsituation, such as \npower failure affecting electronic stock management systems. Back-up systems\nshall be suitably \nprotected against any situation which may put data at risk.\n\n\nVersion: 1.0 \| October 2020\n\n\n \n7 of 26\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 242799, "type": "text", "content": "Issue 1.2 (28/08/19)\n\n\n# Certificate of Conformity\n\n\n \n\n# GlobalG.A.P Number: 4063061339980 \nAcoura Marine Membership Number: AM010377\n\n\nIssued To: \nHiddenfjord \nFutaklettur 1\n\n\n# 360 Sandavagur\n\n\nThe Annex contains details of the producers and production sites/product\nhandling units included in the \nscope of this certificate. Acoura Marine declares that the production of the\nproducts mentioned on this \ncertificate has been found to be compliant in accordance with the standard:\n\n\n \n\nGlobalG.A.P. IFA Control Points and Compliance Criteria v5.3-GFS (21st\nFebruary 2020) - All \nFarm Base and Aquaculture Base - Finfish\n\n\n \n\nGLOBALG.A.P General Regulations version 5.3-GFS February 2020\n\n\nCountry of Production: Faroe Islands\n\n\nCertification Option: Option 1 Multisite without QMS\n\n\n \n\nThe current status of this certificate is always displayed at\nhttp://www.globalgap.org/search\n\n\nValid From: 19-May-2020 \nDate Certificate Issued: 17-May-2021\n\n\nMartin Gill \nManaging Director \nAcoura Marine\n\n\n \n\nValid To: 18-Sep-2021 \nDate of Certification Decision: 19-May-2020\n\n\nThis certificate is the property of Acoura Marine Ltd, and is issued subject\nto the Acoura Certification Regulations. This certificate and all copies or\nreproductions of the certificate shall be returned or destroyed \non request by Acoura Marine. This certificate itself does not constitute\nevidence that a particular product supplied by the certificate holder is\nGlobalG.A.P certified. Products offered, shipped or sold by the \ncertificate holder can only be considered covered by the scope of this\ncertificate when the required GlobalG.A.P. claim is clearly stated on invoices\nand shipping documents. To check its validity telephone \n+44 (0)131 335 6620, or write to Acoura Marine, 6 Redheughs Rigg, Edinburgh,\nEH12 9DQ, Scotland, United Kingdom. Reg. SC313289\n\n\n \nPage 1 of 2\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1965850, "type": "text", "content": "Non-Food Packaging Module (HPC420)\n\n\nThe Module in association with FSSC 22000-Quality packaging is designed to:\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Reduce the need for multiple brand supplier audits; \n\u2022 Demonstrate effective management of safety and quality throughout\nproduction; \n\u2022 Demonstrate effective change management controls; \n\u2022 Provide confidence to customers.\n\n\nThe use of the Module is voluntary but subject to customer mandate. It is\napplicable to \norganizations that manufacture packaging and packaging materials.\n\n\nThe Module shall not apply to packaging or materials that do not undergo any\nprocess at the site \naudited, nor to activities relating to traders/brokers, wholesale,\nimportation, distribution or \nstorage outside the direct control of the company.\n\n\n \n\nWhere the Module is requested, the scope statement shall include all of the\napplicable processes \non site. It is not possible to select processes and/or products to exclude\nfrom the scope of \ncertification.\n\n\nThis Module is an additional Module that is intended to be used in combination\nwith FSSC 22000- \nQuality (Packaging).\n\n\n \n\nAlternatively organizations that are FSSC 22000 (packaging) certified in\ncombination with a \nseparate ISO 9001 (packaging) certification, may also participate in the\nprogram provided that the \norganization has a valid FSSC 22000 certificate and valid ISO 9001\ncertificate, (both) issued by the \nsame CB that will provide the certification services against the Module.\n\n\nThe use of the Module is limited to FSSC 22000-Quality certified organizations\nwith food chain \ncategory I1 (Production of packaging and packaging material) supporting the\nscope statement.\n\n\nThe assessment against the requirements of the Module shall be conducted by\nFSSC 22000 \nqualified auditors who shall additionally meet the Module qualification\nrequirements.\n\n\nThe CB shall have a system and documented procedures for selecting, training,\nevaluating, \nqualification and maintenance of qualification of the auditor.\n\n\n1 Food chain category according to ISO 22003:2013, Annex A. \nVersion: 1.0 \| October 2020 4 of 26\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	If the option for the GlobalG.A.P compliance is 'Option 1 Multisite without QMS', what additional steps would be necessary to include a Quality Management System (QMS) in the next certification cycle?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 127, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 2602238, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='33' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(126,231); bottom-right:(1144,1383)\" /></figure>\n<footer id='34' style='font-size:14px'>Dogs and Cats Online User Guide \| Microchipping practices</footer>\n<br><footer id='35' style='font-size:14px'>20</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2602210, "type": "text", "content": "Dogs and Cats Online User Guide \| Microchipping practices\n\n\n \n15\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 261222, "type": "html", "content": "<br><p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>1st Dam<br>FOXY BLUE by Credit Winner. First colt. From 1 previous foal, dam of:<br>Tantivy Tantivy (M) BT2:00.1s-\u201920 (E L Titan). Now 2 and racing.<br>2nd Dam<br>SOUTH BAY 3,1:59; BT1:57.4s ($46,916) by Striking Sahbra. 4 wins at 3 and 4. At 2, second in<br>elim. Ontario Sires S. - Gold at Mohawk; third in elim. Ontario Sires S. - Gold at Mohawk. At 3,<br>second in Final Late Closer at Balmoral. From 5 foals, dam of 2 winners, 1 in 2:00, including:<br>BAY VIEW (M) 2,1:58.4f; BT1:54.3f ($24,292) (Yankee Glide). Winner at 2. At 3, third in leg<br>Pennsylvania Sires S. at Pocono.<br>Lady Esmeralda (M) (Angus Hall). Now 2.<br>3rd Dam<br>PJ NAOMI by Sierra Kosmos. From 11 foals, dam of 10 winners, 1 in 1:55, 9 in 2:00, including:<br>SERGEANT YORK 2,1:56.2; 4,1:54.2f; BT1:54.1f ($329,139) (Duke Of York). 9 wins, 2 thru<br>4. At 2, winner elim. Ontario Sires S. - Gold at Mohawk, Flamboro Breeders S., elim. and<br>Final Balanced Image S. at Hanover; second in elim. Ontario Sires S. - Gold at Grand<br>River, Mohawk, leg Ontario Sires S. - Grassroots at Georgian; third in Final Ontario Sires<br>S. - Gold at Grand River, Mohawk. At 3, winner Bud Light S.; second in Ontario Sires S. -<br>Super Final at Woodbine, leg Ontario Sires S. - Grassroots at Flamboro, Windsor; third in<br>leg Ontario Sires S. - Grassroots at Kawartha.<br>VIC SMITH 2,1:56; 3,1:55.3; BT1:54.1 ($227,725) (Yankee Glide). 7 wins at 2 and 3. At 2,<br>winner leg (2) and Final New Jersey Sires S. at Meadowlands, leg Kindergarten Classic<br>Ser. at Lexington, Vernon (2); second in leg Kindergarten Classic Ser. at Lexington, Final<br>Kindergarten Classic Ser. at Vernon; third in New Jersey Futy. At 3, winner leg New Jersey<br>Sires S. at Meadowlands; second in leg New Jersey Sires S. at Meadowlands.<br>SOUTHERN SENORITA (M) 3,1:58.2; BT1:56.1s ($181,615) (Yankee Paco). Winner at 3. At<br>2, second in leg Early Closer at Lexington; third in Kentucky Stbd. Sale Co. T., elim.<br>Ontario Sires S. - Gold at Grand River, leg Early Closer at Lexington. At 3, winner elim.<br>Ontario Sires S. - Gold at Woodbine; second in Ontario Sires S. - Super Final at<br>Woodbine, Final Ontario Sires S. - Gold at Flamboro, Woodbine; third in elim. Ontario<br>Sires S. - Gold at Flamboro. Dam of GUCCIO 2,1:55.4; 3,1:52.1; 4,1:51.1f ($1,021,809),<br>LAGERFELD 2,1:55.3f; 3,1:53.2f ($794,830), TOSCA 2,2:02.1h; 3,1:56.2 ($118,754),<br>FERRAGAMO 2,Q1:57.2f; 3,1:55f, BIDENSKY 2,1:55.3f-'20, DIXIELAND DELITE<br>3,1:55.4f, WIND STROLL 2,1:59.2; 3,1:55.4, COUSIN BEA 2,2:00.1f; 3,1:57.2f. Grandam<br>of WINDY CORNER 2,1:55.3f ($207,576), DAB HANOVER 2,1:53.4 ($152,045),<br>CARUSO 2,1:54.1-'20, SOUND CHECK 2,1:58.2f, EVENING STROLL 2,Q1:59f-'20.<br>GO WES YOUNG MAN 3,2:00.1f; 4,1:58f; BT1:56.4s ($114,420) (Wesgate Crown). 17 wins,<br>3 thru 9. At 3, third in leg Ontario Sires S. - Grassroots at Grand River, Hanover.<br>CANTERBURY (M) 3,2:04.1h; 4,1:59.3h; BT1:57.1s ($75,541) (Mr Vic). 20 wins, 3 thru 5.<br>JACK LITTEN 3,1:56.2; BT1:55.2s ($56,357) (Muscle Mass). 3 wins at 3. At 3, winner leg<br>Ontario Sires S. - Grassroots at Mohawk (2), Semi-Final Ontario Sires S. - Grassroots at<br>Mohawk; second in leg Ontario Sires S. - Grassroots at Hanover, Final Ontario Sires S. -<br>Grassroots at Mohawk; third in leg Ontario Sires S. - Gold at Rideau Carleton, leg Ontario<br>Sires S. - Grassroots at Mohawk.<br>SOUTH BAY (M) 3,1:59; BT1:57.4s ($46,916) (Striking Sahbra). As above.<br>JANE O'DONNELL (M) 3,Q1:58f; BT1:57.1s ($30,756) (S J's Photo). 2 wins at 3. At 3, third<br>in leg Pennsylvania Sires S. at The Meadows.<br>AUNT LOTTIE (M) 3,1:56.4 ($14,796) (Kadabra). 2 wins at 3. At 3, second in leg Ontario<br>Sires S. - Grassroots at Georgian. Dam of HICKMAN COUNTY 3,1:57.2-'20.<br>4th Dam<br>NONPARIEL M by Florida Pro. From 10 foals, dam of 7 winners, 1 in 1:55, 5 in 2:00, including:<br>DON BOSS VITA 2,Q2:05.4h; 3,1:57.4; 1:52.1 ($324,137) (Donerail). 15 wins, 3 thru 6. At 2,<br>second in New Jersey Futy., leg New Jersey Sires S. - Green Acres at Freehold; third in<br>leg New Jersey Sires S. at Freehold (2), elim. Harold R. Dancer Mem. At 3, second in<br>Dickerson Cup. At 4, winner leg Super Bowl Ser. at Meadowlands; second in cons. Super<br>Bowl Ser. at Meadowlands. At 6, winner leg and Final Su Mac Lad Ser. at Meadowlands.<br>STRIKING GENIUS 4,1:55.2z ($185,862) (Striking Sahbra). 46 wins, 4 thru 10. At 4, winner<br>leg and Final Late Closer at Colonial; second in leg Late Closer at Colonial. At 5, second in<br>leg Hiram Woodruff Ser. at Meadowlands.<br>Producers: Rosa Parks 3,2:03.2 (dam of MOVEMENT 2,Q2:04.4f; 3,1:58.3f; 1:53.1f-<br>$296,595), Keystone Nook (grandam of CELEBRITY COWBOY 3,1:55; 1:53.3f-$383,445).<br>Next Dam - Noreen Hanover 2,2:06.2f (Super Bowl-NOBLE IMAGE 4,2:02.3-Noble Victory)<br>STAKES ENGAGEMENTS</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 261221, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='0' style='font-size:22px'>205</header>\n<br><header id='1' style='font-size:18px'>Barn F<br>Row A-D</header>\n<br><p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Consigned by Hickory Lane Horse Farm, Findlay, Ohio<br>HUNTIN BLUE SKIES</p>\n<br><p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>(OHIO ELIGIBLE)<br>BAY COLT Foaled March 20, 2019<br>Reg. No. 7T625 Microchip No. 985141001310689</p>\n<br><table id='4' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>What The Hill 3,1:51.4 ------------------</td><td>Muscle Hill 3,1:50.1 ---------------------</td><td>Muscles Yankee 3,1:52.2 Yankee Blondie 3, 1:59.4f Contessa 4,Q2:02.4</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>K T Cha Cha 4,1:55.1 ------------------</td><td>Angus Hall 3,1:54.3 Celtic</td></tr><tr><td>HUNTIN BLUE SKIES</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Credit Winner 3,1:54 --------------------</td><td>American Winner 3,1:52.3 Lawn Tennis</td></tr><tr><td>Foxy Blue -----------------------------------</td><td></td><td>Striking Sahbra 3,1:56</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>South Bay 3,1:59 -------------------------</td><td>Pj Naomi</td></tr></table>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2602225, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='20' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(124,252); bottom-right:(1141,1442)\" /></figure>\n<footer id='21' style='font-size:14px'>Dogs and Cats Online User Guide \| Microchipping practices</footer>\n<br><footer id='22' style='font-size:14px'>7</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2602212, "type": "text", "content": "Dogs and Cats Online User Guide \| Microchipping practices\n\n\n \n17\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2602221, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='8' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(143,210); bottom-right:(1091,1326)\" /></figure>\n<footer id='9' style='font-size:14px'>Dogs and Cats Online User Guide \| Microchipping practices</footer>\n<br><footer id='10' style='font-size:14px'>3</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 261223, "type": "html", "content": "<br><table id='6' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>Arden Downs</td><td>Bluegrass</td><td>Breeders Crown</td><td>Buckeye Stallion</td><td>Currier & Ives</td><td>Great Midwest</td></tr><tr><td>Hambletonian</td><td>Hoosier S.</td><td>Horseman #113</td><td>Int'l. Stallion</td><td>Ohio Sires</td><td>Ohio Breeders</td></tr><tr><td>Ohio Fair Fund</td><td>Ohio State Fair</td><td>Old Oaken Bucket</td><td>Parshall Futy.</td><td>Standardbred</td><td>Swedish Breeders</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Ralph Wilfong</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2602215, "type": "text", "content": "Dogs and Cats Online User Guide \| Microchipping practices\n\n\n \n20\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2602222, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='11' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(136,247); bottom-right:(1090,1292)\" /></figure>\n<footer id='12' style='font-size:14px'>Dogs and Cats Online User Guide \| Microchipping practices</footer>\n<br><footer id='13' style='font-size:14px'>4</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Considering the registration and microchip numbers, which one has more digits, and by how many?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 128, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["numerical reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 2896829, "type": "html", "content": "<br><header id='13' style='font-size:18px'>PostedonAuthorea10Sep2020\u2014Thecopyrightholderistheauthor/funder.Allrightsreserved.Noreusewithoutpermission.\u2014https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159969604.44729989\u2014Thisapreprintandhasnotbeenpeerreviewed.Datamaybepreliminary.</header>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>in head of pancreas. (Fig 1). The Superior mesenteric vein and portal vein were free. (Fig 2). The tumour<br>could be excised with a margin of compressed pancreatic tissue around it. (Fig 3) There was a small breach<br>in capsule during removal with resultant spill of tumour locally. Postoperatively patient recovered well.<br>Patient was tolerating full orally by 5thpostoperative day. On 14th postoperative day patient developed pain<br>in abdomen. Serum Lipase was raised (2190.5 U/lit) and ultrasound revealed heterogeneously echogenic<br>cystic lesion in head of pancreas 3.7 x 4.1 cm size with perilesional edema. The child responded well to<br>conservative management and serum Lipase decreased along with cystic lesion. Postoperatively the serum<br>Alpha-fetoprotein decreased to 11 ng/ml. The child is now one month postop and is scheduled to receive<br>abdominal radiation.</p>\n<br><p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The histopathological report showed malignant epithelial tumour showing acinar di\ufb00erentiation. Margins<br>were tumour free with compressed benign pancreatic tissue seen around the tumour. The pathology report<br>had a comment that the earlier diagnosis of pancreatoblastoma was made considering the tumour cell char-<br>acteristics and the age of the child. However absence of squamous rest in the multiple sections studied rule<br>out the possibility of pancreatoblastoma. Possibility of neuroendocrine cell tumour was also ruled out by<br>absence of synaptophysin and CD 56 expression and insigni\ufb01cant chromogranin expression.</p>\n<br><p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Discussion:</p>\n<br><p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The pancreatic tumours in paediatric population are rare. The incidence of malignant pancreatic tumours in<br>children was 0.18 per 1,00,000 people in United State of America in 2008.5 The tumours may be endocrine,<br>exocrine or sarcomas.10,11 The rarity of these tumours limit our understanding of the pathophysiology and the<br>clinical course and hence the appropriate management of the tumours. There are no standardised protocols<br>and hence the management has to be individualised according to the given conditions.9</p>\n<br><p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Among the paediatric pancreatic malignancies pancreatoblastoma is the most common tumour in children<br>less than 10 year of age. The usual age of presentation is 4- 5 years.3 They usually tend to present as large<br>abdominal masses followed by pain in abdomen.12 Serum alpha feto protein is elevated in 68% to 94% of<br>patients. Although it is of no diagnostic value, it has utility in terms of marker of response to chemotherapy<br>and of recurrence in postoperative period.8 The treatment is complete resection of the lesion.13 The resection<br>may include excision, pancreaticoduodenectomy, and distal pancreatectomy depending on the site of the<br>lesion. For unresectable lesions neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the form of PLADO is generally recommended<br>as these tumours have shown sensitivity to this regimen.8,9Histopathologically they exhibit dense cellularity<br>with characteristic \u201csquamoid corpuscles\u201d.2 The 15 year survival rate in children is reported to be 61%.5</p>\n<br><p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Acinar cell carcinomas are rare pancreatic neoplasms accounting for 1-2% of all pancreatic malignancies.<br>In children the incidence is 7.2% of all pancreatic malignancies.14 Acinar cell carcinomas are generally seen<br>in children more than 10 years of age.15 The most common site for acinar cell carcinoma is tail (41% of<br>cases) followed by head (32% of cases) of the pancreas. They usually present with large palpable masses and<br>abdominal discomfort.14 Grossly they have circumscribed expansile growth pattern and invasion of common<br>bile duct is less frequent. Jaundice is rarely seen.12 The classic \u201cLipase hypersecretion syndrome\u201d has not<br>been observed in children.16 Serum alpha feto protein has been observed to be elevated in all patients of acinar<br>cell carcinomas. It has been hypothesized that alpha feto protein production in pancreatic tumours is related<br>to acinar di\ufb00erentiation.6 Acinar cell carcinoma in children has overlapping features with pancreatoblastoma<br>and may closely resemble neuroendocrine tumours. Squamous nests which are absent in acinar cell carcinoma<br>are considered the feature essential for the diagnosis of pancreatoblastoma.2</p>\n<br><p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Although pancreatoblastoma is predominantly a tumour of infancy and childhood and acinar cell carcinoma<br>is of adults, exceptions to the above are well documented.17,18 Acinar cell carcinoma occurring in childhood<br>has considerable clinical as well as pathological overlap making the diagnosis di\ufb03cult. Often the diagnosis<br>is made by pathologist on the basis of the age of the patient.18In our patient the same has happened. A<br>thorough literature search revealed only three cases of acinar cell carcinoma in 4 year old child and less.19, 20<br>To the best of our knowledge this is only the fourth case of acinar cell carcinoma in such a young child.<br>The preoperative diagnosis in our patient was pancreatoblastoma and as imaging features suggested the non</p>\n<footer id='21' style='font-size:14px'>2</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1925894, "type": "text", "content": "Articles\n\n\nLate mortality and chronic health conditions in long-term \nsurvivors of early-adolescent and young adult cancers: \na retrospective cohort analysis from the Childhood Cancer \nSurvivor Study\n\n\nEugene Suh, Kayla L Stratton, Wendy M Leisenring, Paul C Nathan, Jennifer S\nFord, David R Freyer, Jennifer L McNeer, Wendy Stock, \nMarilyn Stovall, Kevin R Krull, Charles A Sklar, Joseph P Neglia, Gregory T\nArmstrong, Kevin C Oeffinger, Leslie L Robison, Tara O Henderson\n\n\n \n\n# Summary\n\n\n \n\nBackground Treatment outcomes among survivors of cancer diagnosed during\nadolescence and early young adulthood \nhave not been characterised independently of survivors of cancers diagnosed\nduring childhood. We aimed to describe \nchronic health conditions and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among\nsurvivors of early-adolescent and young \nadult cancer.\n\n\nMethods The Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) is a retrospective cohort\nstudy with longitudinal follow-up of \n5-year survivors diagnosed with cancer before the age of 21 years at 27\nacademic institutions in the USA and Canada \nbetween 1970 and 1999. We evaluated outcomes among survivors of early-\nadolescent and young adult cancer (aged \n15\u201320 years at diagnosis) and survivors diagnosed at age younger than 15 years\n(matched on primary cancer diagnosis, \nincluding leukaemia, lymphoma, CNS tumours, neuroblastoma, Wilms tumour, soft-\ntissue sarcomas, and bone \ncancer) by comparing both groups to siblings of the same age. Mortality was\nascertained with the National Death \nIndex. Chronic health conditions were classified with the Common Terminology\nCriteria for Adverse Events. \nStandardised mortality ratios (SMRs) were estimated with age-specific, sex-\nspecific, and calendar year-specific \nUS rates. Cox proportional hazard models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for\nchronic health conditions and 95% CIs.\n\n\nFindings Among 5804 early-adolescent and young adult survivors (median age 42\nyears, IQR 34\u201350) the SMR compared \nto the general population for all-cause mortality was 5\u00b79 (95% CI 5\u00b75\u20136\u00b72) and\namong 5804 childhood cancer survivors \n(median age 34 years; 27\u201342), it was 6\u00b72 (5\u00b78\u20136\u00b76). Early-adolescent and young\nadult survivors had lower SMRs for \ndeath from health-related causes (ie, conditions that exclude recurrence or\nprogression of the primary cancer and \nexternal causes, but include the late effects of cancer therapy) than did\nchildhood cancer survivors (SMR 4\u00b78 [95% CI \n4\u00b74\u20135\u00b71] vs 6\u00b78 [6\u00b72\u20137\u00b74]), which was primarily evident more than 20 years\nafter cancer diagnosis. Early-adolescent and \nyoung adult cancer survivors and childhood cancer survivors were both at\ngreater risk of developing severe and disabling, \nlife-threatening, or fatal (grade 3\u20135) health conditions than siblings of the\nsame age (HR 4\u00b72 [95% CI 3\u00b77\u20134\u00b78] for early \nadolescent and young adult cancer survivors and 5\u00b76 [4\u00b79\u20136\u00b73] for childhood\ncancer survivors), and at increased risk of \ndeveloping grade 3\u20135 cardiac (4\u00b73 [3\u00b75\u20135\u00b74] and 5\u00b76 [4\u00b75\u20137\u00b71]), endocrine (3\u00b79\n[2\u00b79\u20135\u00b71] and 6\u00b74 [5\u00b71\u20138\u00b70]), and \nmusculoskeletal conditions (6\u00b75 [3\u00b79\u201311\u00b71] and 8\u00b70 [4\u00b76\u201314\u00b70]) when compared\nwith siblings of the same age, although \nall these risks were lower for early-adolescent and young adult survivors than\nfor childhood cancer survivors.\n\n\nInterpretation Early-adolescent and young adult cancer survivors had higher\nrisks of mortality and severe and life \nthreatening chronic health conditions than the general population. However,\nearly-adolescent and young adult cancer \nsurvivors had lower non-recurrent, health-related SMRs and relative risks of\ndeveloping grade 3\u20135 chronic health \nconditions than childhood cancer survivors, by comparison with siblings of the\nsame age, which were most notable \nmore than 20 years after their original cancer. These results highlight the\nneed for long-term screening of both childhood \nand early-adolescent and young adult cancer survivors.\n\n\nFunding National Cancer Institute and American Lebanese-Syrian Associated\nCharities.\n\n\nCopyright \u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.\n\n\nIntroduction\n\n\n \n\nNearly 70 000 adolescents and young adults aged \n15\u201339 years are diagnosed with cancer annually in the \nUSA.1 Almost 80% of these adolescents and young adults \nwill survive more than 5 years after their cancer \ndiagnosis.2 As such, survivors of adolescent and young\n\n\nLancet Oncol 2020; 21: 421\u201335\n\n\n \n\nPublished Online \nFebruary 14, 2020 \nhttps://doi.org/10.1016/ \nS1470-2045(19)30800-9\n\n\n \n\nSee Comment page 327\n\n\n \n\nLoyola University Chicago \nHealth Sciences, Maywood, IL, \nUSA (E Suh MD); \nFred Hutchinson Cancer \nResearch Center, Seattle, WA, \nUSA (K L Stratton MS, \nProf W M Leisenring ScD); \nThe Hospital for Sick Children, \nUniversity of Toronto, \nToronto, ON, Canada \n(Prof P C Nathan MD); Hunter \nCollege and The Graduate \nCenter, City University of \nNew York, New York, NY, USA \n(Prof J S Ford PhD); Children\u2019s \nHospital Los Angeles, \nLos Angeles, CA, USA \n(Prof D R Freyer DO); \nDepartment of Pediatrics \n(T O Henderson MD, \nJ L McNeer MD), Department of \nMedicine (Prof W Stock MD), \nUniversity of Chicago, Chicago, \nIL, USA; The University of Texas \nMD Anderson Cancer Center, \nHouston, TX, USA \n(Prof M Stovall PhD); St Jude \nChildren\u2019s Research Hospital, \nMemphis, TN, USA \n(Prof K R Krull PhD, \nProf G T Armstrong MD, \nProf L L Robison PhD); Memorial \nSloan Kettering Cancer Center, \nNew York, NY, USA \n(Prof C A Sklar MD); University \nof Minnesota, Minneapolis, \nMN, USA (Prof J P Neglia MD); \nand Duke University School of \nMedicine, Durham, NC, USA \n(Prof K C Oeffinger MD)\n\n\nadult cancer represent a population with a substantial \nnumber of potential life-years saved who remain at risk \nof developing long-term morbidity or dying prematurely \nbecause of their previous cancer treatments.\n\n\n \n\nCorrespondence to:\n\n\nIn 2006, the Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology \nProgress Review Group (PRG), supported by the National\n\n\n \n\nDr Tara O Henderson, University \nof Chicago Comer Children\u2019s \nHospital, Chicago, IL 60615, USA \nthenderson@peds.bsd. \nuchicago.edu\n\n\nwww.thelancet.com/oncology Vol 21 March 2020\n\n\n \n421\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 127484, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='24' style='font-size:14px'>Sri Lanka Journal of Medicine Vol. 30 No.1, 2021</header>\n<br><h1 id='25' style='font-size:20px'>Plasmacytosis in a young girl</h1>\n<p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>During the next one-year period the lymph nodes<br>gradually enlarged, and her general condition<br>became poor. She developed chronic cough,<br>nocturnal fever with sweating and weight loss.<br>There was no hemoptysis. She was thoroughly<br>investigated in the respiratory unit where ultra<br>sound scan abdomen was normal and the neck<br>scan showed left anterior and upper cervical<br>lymphadenopathy with largest measuring 36x18<br>mm. ESR was 148 mm. Chest x-ray was normal.<br>Mantoux test and sputum acid fast bacilli were<br>negative. Serology for Epstein-Barr and Human<br>immune deficiency viruses were negative. Contrast<br>enhanced computed tomography did not show<br>internal lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly,<br>pleural effusions or ascites.</p>\n<p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>S he underwent a repeat cervical lymph node<br>biopsy which showed florid reactive lymphoid<br>follicular hyperplasia and no evidence of<br>toxoplasmosis, granulomata or malignancy.<br>Serology for toxoplasma, ANA, anti-double<br>stranded DNA and rheumatoid factor were</p>\n<figure><img id='28' style='font-size:16px' alt=\"Figure 1: Bone marrow with marked\" data-coord=\"top-left:(116,823); bottom-right:(551,1153)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>plasmacytosis</p>\n<figure><img id='30' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(124,1212); bottom-right:(552,1505)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='31' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Figure 3: Lymph node showing dense<br>infiltrate of mature plasma cells in the<br>interfollicular region</p>\n<br><p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>negative. It was decided to go ahead with a bone<br>marrow aspiration and biopsy. Bone marrow<br>aspiration revealed a marked increase in mature<br>large plasma cells accounting for 50% of the<br>nucleated cells [Figure 1]. Trephine biopsy showed<br>that plasma cells were collected mainly around<br>perivascular areas. No atypical lymphoid<br>infiltrates, parasitic inclusions, granulomata or<br>caseation. Immunohistochemistry revealed both<br>kappa and lambda positive polyclonal plasma cells.<br>Serum protein electrophoresis and<br>immunofixation showed marked polyclonal<br>hypergammaglobulinemia [Figure 2] with the<br>presence of both kappa and lambda fractions. With<br>these new findings the lymph nodes were re-<br>analyzed with deep sections. There was a dense<br>diffuse infiltrate of mature plasma cells in the<br>interfollicular region which confirmed plasma cell<br>variant of Castleman disease [Figure 3] Complete<br>diagnosis was made as multicentric Castleman<br>disease (MCD) with pseudo myelomatous<br>plasmacytosis in the marrow.</p>\n<figure><img id='33' style='font-size:16px' alt=\"Figure 2: Serum protein electrophoresis\n(SPE) with marked\nhypergammaglobulinaemia\" data-coord=\"top-left:(671,815); bottom-right:(1131,1257)\" /></figure>\n<footer id='34' style='font-size:18px'>118</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 127485, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='35' style='font-size:14px'>Sri Lanka Journal of Medicine Vol. 30 No.1, 2021</header>\n<br><h1 id='36' style='font-size:20px'>Plasmacytosis in a young girl</h1>\n<p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>P atient was treated with single agent vincristine<br>1.2 mg/m2 weekly for 18 weeks and radiotherapy<br>to cervical lymph nodes - 40 gray 20 fractions over<br>4 weeks. During the period of chemotherapy her<br>hepatorenal functions, white cell and platelet<br>counts remained normal. She had a moderate<br>anemia with negative direct Coomb\u2019s test which<br>was managed with symptomatic blood<br>transfusions. She tolerated the treatment well and<br>went into complete remission.</p>\n<p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>A fter 2 years, she developed multiple petechiae all<br>over the body. No lymphadenopathy. On further<br>investigation she was found to have severe<br>thrombocytopenia with counts below 10x109/L.<br>Coagulation profile was normal. Bone marrow<br>aspiration and biopsy were repeated which<br>showed normal active marrow with normal<br>megakaryocytes and normal plasma cells which<br>confirmed immune mediated thrombocytopenia<br>(ITP). She developed excessive bleeding from the<br>marrow biopsy site as well as heavy menstrual<br>bleeding and required platelet and blood<br>transfusions. She was treated with intravenous<br>immunoglobulin and prednisolone. During the<br>course of prednisolone, she developed marked<br>hyperglycaemia with severe acidosis and<br>diagnosed to have diabetic ketoacidosis and<br>required intensive care. She recovered from all the<br>complications and went into complete remission<br>of ITP. She is off steroids and now on regular follow<br>up.</p>\n<h1 id='39' style='font-size:20px'>D ISCUSSION</h1>\n<p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>C astleman Disease (CD) is a rare,<br>lymphoproliferative disease with incompletely<br>understood etiology [1][8][9]. The disease was first<br>reported by Dr Benjamin Castleman in 1954 [3][9].<br>It is considered a distinct clinico-pathological entity<br>with massive non-malignant proliferation of<br>lymphoid tissue [1][9]. Four etiological<br>hypotheses, including autoimmune,<br>autoinflammatory, neoplastic, and pathogenic<br>mechanisms are proposed as pathophysiology of<br>CD, which are now being actively investigated by<br>Castleman Disease Collaborative Network (CDCN)<br>[10]. Bulk of the evidence points toward an<br>autoimmune aetiology or faulty immune</p>\n<br><p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>regulation [1][9]. It has broad spectrum of<br>symptoms and a course of disease [1].</p>\n<p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>C D exhibits several histological patterns. The<br>hyaline vascular variant is characterized by<br>abnormal follicles with regressed germinal centers<br>surrounded by widened mantle zones composed<br>of small lymphocytes in an onion ring-like<br>arrangement. The plasma cell variant is<br>characterized by hyperplastic germinal centers and<br>a massive accumulation of polyclonal plasma cells<br>in the interfollicular region. Marked vascular<br>proliferation in the interfollicular region is present<br>in both variants. The bone marrow may show<br>marked increase in polyclonal plasma cells as<br>occurred in our patient [7]. Mixed forms<br>demonstrate the presence of both hyaline vascular<br>and plasma cell elements [4].</p>\n<p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>C D consists of two clinical categories; unicentric<br>(UCD) and multicentric (MCD). Unicentric form is<br>usually asymptomatic and presents as a localized<br>mass. Multicentric type is characterized by<br>systemic symptoms, fever with chills, anemia,<br>generalized lymphadenopathy and with a more<br>aggressive behaviour. Our patient had multicentric<br>disease with systemic symptoms and involvement<br>of multiple cervical lymph nodes. MCD commonly<br>occurs at fourth to sixth decade. Our patient\u2019s age<br>is an unusual age for the disease.</p>\n<p id='44' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>B one marrow involvement in MCD and<br>characteristic morphologic findings within the<br>bone marrow is reported in Human Herpes virus<br>(HHV)-8 and HIV positive patients [7]. It is not<br>common to encounter in a 17-year-old in the<br>absence of HIV.</p>\n<p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>T reatment of MCD is challenging, and outcomes<br>can be poor because no uniform treatment<br>guidelines exist [10]. Monoclonal antibodies to<br>interleukin-6 and its receptor, allow for more<br>targeted disease-specific intervention with<br>improved response rates and more durable<br>disease control [11]. Low-dose single-agent<br>chemotherapy such as intermittent etoposide/<br>/rituximab/ vinblastine or combination<br>chemotherapy, such as CHOP (cyclophosphamide,<br>doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) [11]<br>[12] are used when anti-IL-6 therapies are not</p>\n<footer id='46' style='font-size:18px'>119</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 179505, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='0' style='font-size:16px'>Poster Presentations</header>\n<p id='1' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Case report: A three-day-old infant presented to the neonatal<br>ward at Dr George Mukhari Hospital and was assessed as having<br>an enlarged clitoris. The mother was 28 years of age, and had not<br>used any medications during pregnancy and had no evidence of<br>virilisation. An examination of the infant revealed no abnormalities<br>other than an enlarged clitoris of 1.8 cm, with no palpable gonads,<br>and a normal anal orifice. The birthweight was 3.3 kg, and the length<br>and head circumference were normal for gestational age. The infant<br>was not dehydrated, with normal BP. A pelvic ultrasound confirmed<br>the presence of a uterus. A working diagnosis of DSD was made<br>owing to congenital adrenal hyperplasia. 17-\u03b1-hydroxyprogesterone<br>levels at age five days were 16 nmol/l, with testosterone levels of<br>0.1 nmol/l. Repeat 17-\u03b1-hydroxyprogesterone levels at one month<br>of age were 2.5 nmol/l. Chromosomes results were 46 XX. The infant<br>was referred to the urologist, who performed a clitoral reduction. A<br>biopsy of the clitoral body revealed a lipoma. The external genitalia<br>appearance was satisfactory one month postoperatively.</p>\n<br><p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Conclusion: Lipomas of the vulva are rare and typically occur in<br>adults. The clitoromegaly that was observed raised suspicions of DSD,<br>which turned out to be incorrect.</p>\n<br><p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>CP11. Pseudohypoparathyroidism type IA:<br>the Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital series</p>\n<br><p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>V Nicolaou, R Shires<br>Chris Hani Baragwamnath Academic Hospital; and University of the<br>Witwatersrand</p>\n<br><p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Objective: Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is a rare disorder (1:100<br>000), first described in 1942 by Albright et al. It is characterised by<br>hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia due to resistance to<br>the parathyroid hormone (PTH). Various types of PHP have been<br>described. It may be due to an abnormality involving the \u03b1-subunit of<br>the stimulatory G-protein, i.e. type I, or a defect involving adenylate<br>cyclase, i.e. type II. Type IA is the most common, and is associated with<br>a typical phenotype, known as Albright\u2019s hereditary osteodystrophy<br>(AHO). The objective was to report the first cohort of PHP-IA patients<br>in the South African population.</p>\n<br><p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Method: Eight black patients, five females and three males, aged<br>six months to 28 years at the time of initial presentation, attending<br>the Endocrine Clinic at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital,<br>were studied.</p>\n<p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Their presenting symptoms, family history, phenotypic characteristics,<br>biochemical and hormonal profiles and radiological findings were<br>documented.</p>\n<br><p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Results: Patients were initially hypocalcaemic, with elevated PTH<br>levels. Regarding other markers of hormone resistance, TSH levels<br>were raised in five of the patients in the presence of normal thyroid<br>hormone levels (62.5%), and luteinising hormone (LH) levels were<br>elevated in three patients (37.5%). All of the patients had one or more<br>features of AHO, but only three (37.5%) had brachymetacarpalia.<br>Intracranial calcifications were documented in six patients (75%) by<br>CT scanning.</p>\n<br><p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Conclusion: This is the first documented cohort of patients with PHP<br>in South Africa.</p>\n<br><p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>CP12. A rare case of Cushing\u2019s syndrome<br>S Akerman, E Delport<br>Steve Biko Academic Hospital</p>\n<p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>A 42-year-old male patient was referred by a specialist physician<br>with features of Cushing\u2019s syndrome, as well as recently diagnosed<br>hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical features<br>included moon facies, a dorsicervical hump, telangiectasia,<br>proximal myopathy, centripetal obesity and purple striae. Special<br>investigations revealed an elevated 24-hour urinary-free cortisol<br>with elevated midnight salivary cortisol, and failure to suppress using<br>the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test. ACTH values were<br>also elevated. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a normal<br>pituitary gland with only a right-sided antrochoanal polyp of 1.5 x 1<br>cm, that extended into the middle ethmoidal cells. Contrasted CTs<br>of the chest and abdomen to evaluate for an ectopic ACTH focus<br>were performed and found to be normal. A technetium-99m<br>scan was then performed which demonstrated a mass in the right<br>paranasal area with somatostatin receptors. Surgical removal and a<br>histopathological examination confirmed it to be an ACTH-secreting<br>adenoma.</p>\n<p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>CP13. Are African children with diabetes adequately<br>supported by their families?</p>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>FPR de Villiers</p>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, MEDUNSA Campus of<br>the University of Limpopo, Pretoria</p>\n<br><p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Objectives: Coping with diabetes control is difficult for newly<br>diagnosed and experienced patients; the former because of the<br>complex technical requirements that they suddenly have to face,<br>and the latter because of constant repetition in respect of tests,<br>insulin administration and dietary vigilance. Some of our patients<br>have stored insulin inappropriately or measured it incorrectly. Children<br>need to be able to give their own insulin or conduct home blood<br>glucose monitoring without help before they can be expected to<br>cope with such complex tasks. The objective was to establish whether<br>or not patients are adequately supported by their family in terms of<br>giving injections and conducting monitoring.</p>\n<br><p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Method: Patients attending the paediatric and young adult diabetic<br>clinics were interviewed. Permission was granted by the ethics<br>committee and informed consent obtained.</p>\n<br><p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Results: Forty subjects were interviewed. Ages varied from 7-31 years.<br>Twenty-five were younger than 18 years of age. The duration of<br>diabetes varied from three months to 10 years in paediatric patients.<br>Of 25 patients, 17 measured the insulin themselves, while five mothers<br>did so. Twenty children then administered the injection. The dosages<br>were checked in seven cases. The mothers of four children younger<br>than 10 years measured their insulin, but the children injected it<br>themselves. Eight of the nine children aged 1-15 years measured<br>and injected their insulin themselves. However, the dosages were<br>checked by an adult in only two cases.</p>\n<br><p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Conclusion: It is appropriate that older children take responsibility for<br>measuring and injecting their insulin. However, younger children do<br>not seem to be sufficiently supported by their families.</p>\n<footer id='19' style='font-size:14px'>JEMDSA 30 2014 Volume 19 No 1</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 234577, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='26' style='font-size:16px'>www.jasn.org BRIEF COMMUNICATION</header>\n<p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The phenotypic pro\ufb01le is summarized in<br>Table 2. The disease \ufb01rst manifested in<br>adolescence, typically with mild to mod-<br>erate proteinuria with no or mild edema.<br>However, advanced CKD was present in<br>almost half of patients at time of diagno-<br>sis and progression to ESRD occurred in<br>22 of the 26 patients within a median of 9<br>(interquartile range 0\u201344) months from<br>diagnosis. Hematuria was present at<br>time of diagnosis in 25% of patients, in-<br>cluding one case with a chief complaint<br>of macroscopic hematuria accompanied<br>by only trace proteinuria. FSGS was di-<br>agnosed in all biopsies, including two<br>differentiated as collapsing and tip lesion<br>subtypes.</p>\n<br><p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Signs and symptoms compatible with<br>neurologic dysfunction were reported<br>in six patients (Supplemental Table 1).<br>Mild mental retardation and agora-<br>phobia were each present in one case<br>and two siblings had primary nocturnal<br>enuresis. Three patients developed<br>electroencephalogram-con\ufb01rmed sei-<br>zures, including two while on dialysis.<br>One subject was eventually diagnosed<br>with hypertension-related reversible</p>\n<br><p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>posterior encephalopathy whereas the<br>other two require continued anticonvul-<br>sive therapy. One patient presented with<br>retinitis pigmentosa. No histories of<br>hearing problems, cardiomyopathy,<br>muscle weakness, optical nerve atrophy,<br>or hematologic or endocrinologic abnor-<br>malities were reported in any patient.<br>Serum lactate was episodically elevated<br>in 4 of 11 patients tested, and transient<br>creatine kinase elevation was noted in<br>two patients during episodes of AKI.</p>\n<br><p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The clinical phenotype of ADCK4-<br>related glomerulopathy was compared<br>with the phenotypes of the two most<br>common genetic podocytopathies, i.e.,<br>NPHS2- and WT1-associated nephrop-<br>athies (Figure 1, Table 2). Patients with<br>ADCK4-related glomerulopathy were<br>signi\ufb01cantly older at time of diagnosis,<br>with no cases manifesting before 5 years<br>of age, and they presented with less se-<br>vere proteinuria and less edema than<br>WT1- or NPHS2-associated disease. Hy-<br>pertension was less common than in<br>WT1 nephropathy. FSGS was the histo-<br>pathologic diagnosis in all biopsied<br>ADCK4 cases, whereas diagnoses other</p>\n<br><p id='31' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>than FSGS were commonly observed at<br>time of diagnosis in NPHS2 (Mesangio-<br>proliferative GN, Minimal change GN)<br>and WT1 nephropathy (diffuse mesa-<br>ngial sclerosis). In ADCK4 patients, ad-<br>vanced CKD at time of diagnosis was<br>more prevalent than in NPHS2. Of pa-<br>tients with ADCK4 disease, 38.5% pre-<br>sented with CKD5, compared with<br>15.6% of WT1 and 2.9% of NPHS2 cases<br>(P,0.001). Whereas 47% of WT1 and<br>36% of NPHS2 patients progressed to<br>ESRD before reaching 10 years of age,<br>ESRD occurred almost exclusively in<br>the second decade of life in ADCK4<br>nephropathy (Figure 1). However, CKD<br>progression was much faster during ad-<br>olescence in ADCK4 than in WT1 and<br>NPHS2 nephropathy, resulting in similar<br>cumulative ESRD rates (.85%) for the<br>three genetic forms of SRNS in the third<br>decade of life. Neurologic de\ufb01cits were<br>more frequent in ADCK4 disease. Renal<br>and urinary tract malformations oc-<br>curred almost exclusively in WT1. Other<br>congenital anomalies, mostly heart<br>structural defects, were anecdotally re-<br>ported in all groups.</p>\n<caption id='32' style='font-size:18px'>Table 2. Comparison of clinical characteristics at time of diagnosis and prospective kidney survival of patients with ADCK4-<br>related SRNS versus patients with NPHS2- and WT1-related glomerulopathy from the PodoNet Registry8</caption>\n<br><table id='33' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td></td><td>ADCK4 SRNS</td><td>NPHS2 SRNS</td><td>WT1 SRNSd</td></tr><tr><td>n</td><td>26</td><td>140</td><td>66</td></tr><tr><td>Age at \ufb01rst reported manifestation, years</td><td>14.1 (10.8\u201317.0)</td><td>3.4 (1.1\u20136.6)d</td><td>2.0 (0.7\u20135.4)d</td></tr><tr><td>Asymptomatic, incidental diagnosis</td><td>26.9%</td><td>22.9%</td><td>28.1%</td></tr><tr><td>Edema (none/mild/moderate/severe)</td><td>54/42/4/0%</td><td>48/17/16/19%</td><td>47/19/24/10%</td></tr><tr><td>Proteinuria (subnephrotic/nephrotic range)</td><td>57.1/43.9%</td><td>14.9/85.1%d</td><td>19.4/80.6%c</td></tr><tr><td>Hematuria</td><td>25.0%</td><td>44.0%</td><td>26.3%</td></tr><tr><td>Hypertension</td><td>30.8%</td><td>15.7%</td><td>41.5%b</td></tr><tr><td>CKD stage 3\u20135</td><td>46.1%a</td><td>13.6%a,d</td><td>23.4%a,b</td></tr><tr><td>including RTT:</td><td>26.9%a</td><td>2.9%a,d</td><td>15.6%a</td></tr><tr><td>Age at start of RRT, years</td><td>16.1 (13.7\u201318.0)a</td><td>12.9 (7.6\u201319.4)a,d</td><td>10.9 (2.3\u201317.0)a,d</td></tr><tr><td>Histopathological diagnosis</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FSGS/global glomerulosclerosis</td><td>61.5%</td><td>49.3%</td><td>45.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Diffuse mesangial sclerosis</td><td>0</td><td>0.7%</td><td>33.3%d</td></tr><tr><td>Mesangioproliferative GN</td><td>0</td><td>12.9%</td><td>4.5%</td></tr><tr><td>Minimal change GN</td><td>0</td><td>10.7%</td><td>1.5%</td></tr><tr><td>Other</td><td>0</td><td>5.0%</td><td>3.0%</td></tr><tr><td>No data/ not performed</td><td>38.5%</td><td>21.4%</td><td>13.7%</td></tr><tr><td>Neurologic abnormalities (seizures, NI, behavioral problems)</td><td>24.0%</td><td>5.0%c</td><td>6.1%bb</td></tr><tr><td>Congenital organ abnormalities</td><td>CAKUT 4.0%</td><td>CAKUT 0%</td><td>CAKUT 42.2%d</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Other 8.0%</td><td>Other 5.7%</td><td>Other 4.5%</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Data are given as median (interquartile range) or percentage. Sixty-one of the patients with WT1 mutations were previously described by Lipska et al. (2014)9<br>aPercentages given are relative to all observation with information on a speci\ufb01c variable.</p>\n<br><p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>bP,0.05.</p>\n<br><p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>cP,0.01.</p>\n<br><p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>dP,0.001.</p>\n<footer id='38' style='font-size:14px'>J Am Soc Nephrol 27: 63\u201368, 2016</footer>\n<br><footer id='39' style='font-size:16px'>ADCK4-Related Glomerulopathy 65</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 127483, "type": "html", "content": "<br><footer id='21' style='font-size:18px'>117</footer>\n<footer id='22' style='font-size:16px'>Accepted revised version: 2021-05-29</footer>\n<br><footer id='23' style='font-size:16px'>Published: 2021-06-30</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2503964, "type": "text", "content": "BMC Cancer 2004, 4:82\n\n\n \nhttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/4/82\n\n\nWhile some studies have found that younger patients \nhave worse clinical outcomes than older patients [3-7], \nothers report younger patients have a more favorable \nprognosis, or that there is no relationship between out- \ncome and age [8-10]. Various explanations have been \ngiven for these conflicting results, including small num- \nbers of patients comprising the study population, differ- \nences in patient selection criteria and differences in the \nage groupings used in the analyses. Moreover, it has long \nbeen debated whether breast cancer diagnosed at a young \nage is a clinically and etiologically distinct disease from \nbreast cancer diagnosed later in life. Some researchers \nreported that tumors in younger women were of higher \ngrade, higher proliferation fraction, had more vascular \ninvasion, and expressed fewer estrogen and progesterone \nreceptors compared to tumors in older women [11-14]. It \nis important for clinicians to clarify the existing contro- \nversy as to whether aggressive treatment for young women \nwith breast cancer is justified.\n\n\nBreast cancer is the most frequent cancer in Korean \nwomen and its incidence is increasing [15]. Breast cancer \nin young Korean women is a serious problem, with the \nproportion of young age-onset breast cancer much higher \nthan in western countries. According to the 2002 annual \nreport of the Korean central cancer registry, breast cancers \nthat developed before the age of 35 comprised 9.5% of all \nbreast cancers [16].\n\n\nThe aim of the present study was to retrospectively inves- \ntigate clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in \na large, ethnically homogeneous group of young breast \ncancer patients (less than 35 years old) treated with the \nsame strategy at a single institution.\n\n\n# Methods\n\n\n \n\nA retrospective review was performed of the medical \nrecords of all consecutive primary invasive breast cancer \npatients (not including phyllodes tumor) undergoing cur- \native surgery in the Department of Surgery, Seoul National \nUniversity Hospital between January 1990 and December \n1999\\. Patients with distant metastasis detected at the time \nof surgery or within 4 months of surgery were excluded. \nThose patients whose surgical margins were positive for \nmalignancy were also excluded. Patients' records were \nreviewed for the following: age of onset, family history of \nbreast cancer in 1st or 2nd degree relatives, histological \ntype of cancer, tumor size in pathology reviews, axillary \nlymph node status, histological grade (HG: Scarff-Bloom- \nRichardson classification), nuclear grade (NG: Black's \nnuclear grade), type of surgical procedure and adjuvant \ntherapy administered. Disease was staged according to the \nAmerican Joint Committee of Cancer (AJCC) system [17]. \nThe 'younger' group was defined as patients less than 35 \nyears old at the time of breast cancer diagnosis. Expression\n\n\n \n\nof immunohistochemical tumor markers such as estrogen \nreceptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and c-erbB2 \nwere determined in over 70% of cases. The expression was \ndetermined in assays performed immediately after surgery \nfor each case. The primary antibodies for ER (DAKO, \nGlostrup, Denmark), PR (DAKO, Glostrup, Denmark) \nand c-erbB2 (Novocastra, Newcastle, UK) have been pre- \nviously characterized. A cut-off value of 10% or more pos- \nitively stained cells out of total cells in ten high-power \nfields was used in the classification of ER, PR and c-erbB2 \nexpression levels.\n\n\nStatistical analysis\n\n\n \n\nThe \u03c72 test (Pearson statistic) was used to determine the \ndifferences in clinicopathological features between the \ntwo groups of patients. The follow-up duration was calcu- \nlated from the date of diagnosis until the date of death or \nlast contact. The disease-free survival was the time \nbetween diagnosis and confirmation of disease recur- \nrence. The overall survival was the time between diagnosis \nand death as a result of any cause, regardless of recurrence \nevents. Survival estimates were computed using the Kap- \nlan-Meier method [18] and the differences between sur- \nvival times were assessed by means of the log rank test \n[19]. Multivariate analyses were carried out using Cox's \nproportional hazards model [20]. All statistical analyses \nwere carried out using the SPSS (version 10.0) software \npackage (Chicago, IL, USA).\n\n\n# Results\n\n\n \n\nA total of 2040 patients were eligible for this study, of \nwhich 256 (12.5%) were aged <35 at the time of diagno- \nsis. The median follow-up was 74 months. Histology \nshowed the incidence of medullary carcinoma was signif- \nicantly higher than ductal carcinoma in the younger group \n(p = 0.018). There was a significantly higher incidence of \nnuclear grade 3 in the younger group than in the older \ngroup (p = 0.015). Axillary lymph node status, the most \nprominent prognostic factor in breast cancer, was not sig- \nnificantly different between the two age groups. Also, nei- \nther the family history of breast cancer in 1st or 2nd degree \nrelatives, T stage, histological grade, c-erbB2 expression, \nnor ER or PR status were different between the two groups \n(Table 1). Frequencies of ER and PR positivity were low, \nand frequency of c-erbB2 positivity was high, in both age \ngroups compared to frequencies reported in western pop- \nulations and other Asian studies [21-23].\n\n\nThe proportion of breast-conserving surgery compared to \nmastectomy was similar in both groups. Axillary lymph \nnode dissection, at least to the first Berg level [24], was \nperformed in 250 (97.7%) younger patients and 1735 \n(97.3%) older patients. No sentinel lymph node proce- \ndure was performed. Adjuvant radiation therapy was \nadministered to patients who underwent breast-conserv-\n\n\nPage 2 of 8 \n(page number not for citation purposes)\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2503978, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='85' style='font-size:18px'>BMC Cancer 2004, 4:82</header>\n<br><header id='86' style='font-size:18px'>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/4/82</header>\n<h1 id='87' style='font-size:22px'>Competing interests</h1>\n<br><p id='88' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The author(s) declare that they have no competing<br>interests.</p>\n<p id='89' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Table 5: Multivariate analysis for predictors of recurrence based<br>on the Cox proportional hazards regression model after<br>exclusion of patients >50 years old.</p>\n<br><table id='90' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>Variables</td><td>HR</td><td>95% Confidence interval</td><td>p</td></tr><tr><td>Age <35 years</td><td>1.8</td><td>1.17\u20132.81</td><td>0.008</td></tr><tr><td>Tumor size \u2265 2 cm</td><td>1.7</td><td>1.06\u20132.84</td><td>0.028</td></tr><tr><td>Lymph node-positive</td><td>4.2</td><td>2.64\u20136.82</td><td><0.001</td></tr><tr><td>Nuclear grade 3</td><td>1.0</td><td>0.60\u20131.91</td><td>0.810</td></tr><tr><td>Histological grade 3</td><td>1.0</td><td>0.58\u20131.89</td><td>0.883</td></tr><tr><td>ER</td><td>1.1</td><td>0.71\u20131.78</td><td>0.625</td></tr><tr><td>PR</td><td>2.0</td><td>1.27\u20133.37</td><td>0.004</td></tr><tr><td>c-erbB2</td><td>1.4</td><td>0.97\u20132.21</td><td>0.069</td></tr></table>\n<h1 id='91' style='font-size:22px'>Authors' contributions</h1>\n<br><p id='92' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>WH selected cases, reviewed medical records, analyze<br>data, and drafted the manuscript. SWK participated in the<br>data collection and input. IAP carried out the pathological<br>diagnosis and immunohistochemistry. DK performed the<br>statistical analysis. SWK, YKY, SKO, KJC, and DYN con-<br>ceived of the study, and participated in its design and<br>coordination. All authors read and approved the final<br>manuscript.</p>\n<h1 id='93' style='font-size:22px'>Acknowledgements</h1>\n<br><p id='94' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>This work was supported by a grant from the Korea Health 21 R&D<br>Project. Ministry of Health & Welfare, R.O.K (01-PJ3-PG6-01GN07-0004).</p>\n<p id='95' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>We thank former surgical fellows of Seoul National University for their<br>contribution to breast cancer patient database.</p>\n<h1 id='96' style='font-size:22px'>References</h1>\n<br><p id='97' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>1. Winchester DP: Breast cancer in young women. Surg Clin North<br>Am 1996, 76:279-287.<br>2. Chung M, Chang HR, Bland KI, Wanebo HJ: Younger women with<br>breast carcinoma have a poorer prognosis than older<br>women. Cancer 1996, 77:97-103.<br>3. de la Rochefordiere A, Asselain B, Campana F, Scholl SM, Fenton J,<br>Vilcoq JR, Durand JC, Pouillart P, Magdelenat H, Fourquet A: Age as<br>prognostic factor in premenopausal breast carcinoma. Lancet<br>1993, 341:1039-1043.<br>4. Fowble BL, Schultz DJ, Overmoyer B, Solin LJ, Fox K, Jardines L, Orel<br>S, Glick JH: The influence of young age on outcome in early<br>stage breast cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1994, 30:23-33.<br>5. Nixon AJ, Neuberg D, Hayes DF, Gelman R, Connolly JL, Schnitt S,<br>Abner A, Recht A, Vicini F, Harris JR: Relationship of patient age<br>to pathologic features of the tumor and prognosis for<br>patients with stage I or II breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1994,<br>12:888-894.<br>6. Albain KS, Allred DC, Clark GM: Breast cancer outcome and<br>predictors of outcome: are there age differentials? J Natl Can-<br>cer Inst Monogr 1994, 16:35-42.<br>7. Xiong Q, Valero V, Kau V, Kau SW, Taylor S, Smith TL, Buzdar AU,<br>Hortobagyi GN, Theriault RL: Female patients with breast car-<br>cinoma age 30 years and younger have a poor prognosis: the<br>M.D. Anderson Cancer Center experience. Cancer 2001,<br>92:2523-2528.</p>\n<br><p id='98' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>8.</p>\n<p id='99' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>9.</p>\n<p id='100' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>30.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 127482, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='0' style='font-size:16px'>DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/sljm.v30i1.280</header>\n<br><header id='1' style='font-size:16px'>Sri Lanka Journal of Medicine Vol. 30 No.1, 2021</header>\n<h1 id='2' style='font-size:22px'>Sri Lanka Journal of Medicine</h1>\n<br><header id='3' style='font-size:22px'>SLJM</header>\n<p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Citation: Panditha Gunwardena VC, Siribaddana AD & Hilmi AJ, et al., 2021. Case of a young girl with marked bone marrow<br>plasmacytosis,Sri Lanka Journal of Medicine, 30(1), pp 117-121<br>DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/sljm.v30i1.280</p>\n<br><h1 id='5' style='font-size:20px'>Case Report</h1>\n<h1 id='6' style='font-size:22px'>Case of a young girl with marked bone marrow plasmacytosis.</h1>\n<p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>P anditha Gunwardena VC1, Siribaddana AD2, Hilmi AJ 3, Rathnayake RMP4 & Weerasooriya GCM 5</p>\n<p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>1Department of Haematology, National Hospital Kandy.<br>2Respiratory Unit, National Hospital Kandy<br>3Oncology and radiotherapy unit, National Hospital Kandy<br>4Department of Pathology, National Hospital Kandy<br>5Haematology Unit, National Hospital Kandy</p>\n<br><p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Correspondence: Panditha Gunwardena V C<br>Consultant Haematologist, Department of<br>Haematology, National Hospital Kandy.<br>Email: drvishchan@yahoo.com</p>\n<br><h1 id='10' style='font-size:14px'>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2357-6155</h1>\n<p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Abstract</p>\n<p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Marked plasmacytosis in the bone marrow is a rare finding in young people. If present it is secondary to an<br>underlying disease condition. Castleman disease is a rare form of lymphoproliferative disorder. Due to its<br>rarity, it is not frequently considered in the differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathy. As in any other<br>lymphoproliferative disorder Castleman disease can also be associated with various immune mediated<br>cytopenia. This case report is on a teenager with persistent lymphadenopathy of whom the presence of<br>marked bone marrow plasmacytosis led to the diagnosis of plasma cell type Castleman disease which went<br>into complete remission with single agent vincristine and radiotherapy with subsequent severe immune<br>thrombocytopenia during follow up.</p>\n<p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>K eywords: Plasmacytosis, Castleman, lymphadenopathy, vincristine, polyclonal</p>\n<h1 id='14' style='font-size:20px'>I NTRODUCTION</h1>\n<p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>M arked plasmacytosis in bone marrow is a rare<br>finding in young people. We report a case of a<br>teenager with persistent lymphadenopathy of<br>whom the detection of the underlying disease was<br>aided by the presence of marked plasmacytosis in<br>the bone marrow.</p>\n<p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>C ASE REPORT</p>\n<p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>A 17-year-old girl presented with left cervical<br>lymphadenopathy for few weeks\u2019 duration. There<br>was no fever, cough, throat pain, oronasal or</p>\n<br><p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>otolaryngeal symptoms. The nodes were small and<br>non-tender. No other lymphadenopathy. No lung<br>signs or hepatosplenomegaly. Complete blood<br>count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-<br>reactive proteins were normal. Cervical lymph<br>node biopsy was performed and histology showed<br>reactive changes. Viral serology for Epstein-Barr<br>was negative. Anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) was<br>negative. Mantoux test was negative.<br>Symptomatic treatment was given and she was<br>discharged from the hospital.</p>\n<p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY)</p>\n<footer id='20' style='font-size:16px'>Received: 2021-02-19</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}]	If Castleman Disease typically presents in the fourth to sixth decade of life, how unusual is it for a 17-year-old to be diagnosed with this disease?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 130, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["temporal reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 206344, "type": "text", "content": "Manual for Complex Litigation, Fourth\n\n\n \n\n\u00a7 13.11\n\n\nWithout touching on the merits, the judge can focus the parties\u2019 attention on \nthe likely cost of litigating the case to conclusion, in fees, expenses, time,\nand \nother resources. Other helpful measures include scheduling settlement confer- \nences, directing or encouraging reluctant parties, insurers, and other\npotential \ncontributors to participate, suggesting and arranging for a neutral person to \nassist negotiations, targeting discovery at information needed for settlement, \nand promptly deciding motions whose resolution will lay the groundwork for \nsettlement.399\n\n\n \n\nJudges may be particularly helpful in identifying and encouraging consid- \neration of nonmonetary solutions. Where, for example, the parties contem- \nplate a continuing relationship, the court can stimulate thought about innova- \ntive and mutually bene\ufb01cial arrangements for the future that may pave the way \nfor agreement on monetary terms. Drawing on experience and common sense, \na judge may see opportunities for compromise not apparent to the parties and \nguide their negotiations toward solutions they might not otherwise discover.\n\n\n \n\nSettlement efforts, however, should not delay or divert the pretrial process; \nboth can and should operate effectively on parallel tracks. Nor should settle- \nment efforts be permitted to impair the parties\u2019 perception of judicial\nfairness \nand impartiality. Some judges participate actively in settlement discussions\nof a \ncase, as well as handling pretrial activity and trial if the case does not\nsettle. \nOthers are uncomfortable in what they view as a dual role. Occasionally, the \nparties request that the assigned judge participate in settlement discussions, \nwaiving the right to seek recusal.400 Such involvement, however, might affect \nthe parties\u2019 con\ufb01dence in the judge\u2019s ability to try the case impartially.\nThus, \nmany judges rarely engage in substantive settlement negotiations in cases they \nare expected to try, particularly by bench trial.401 Instead, they bring in\nanother \njudge or other neutral person for settlement purposes. In some large\nlitigation, \nthe parties are willing to pay for the services of a skilled mediator. See\nsection \n13.15.\n\n\n \n\nJudicial participation in settlement negotiations demands patience and a \nwillingness to listen. One obstacle may be removed only to reveal another. The \njudge should not become, or allow counsel and the parties to become, discour- \naged, but should seek openings and opportunities not readily apparent. Parties \nmay signal their expectations and limits in subtle ways. Often their true\nobjec- \ntives remain hidden from all but the most attentive listener. An observant \njudge can open channels for effective communication.\n\n\n168\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 62356, "type": "text", "content": " \n\nparty are fairly considered in the evaluation. Many times, \nthe neutral evaluator has sufficient experience to anticipate \nthe missing party\u2019s best points, at least in general terms, \nbut there is always a risk that key facts may be difficult to \nanticipate and may be missed. The party or parties com- \nmissioning the evaluation need to take care to accurately \nrepresent the positions and best arguments of the non- \nparticipating party if the objective is to obtain the mot \naccurate and useful evaluation that reflects the actual mer- \nits of the dispute. On occasion, this is done by assigning \none member of the legal team to act as surrogate opposing \ncounsel, making the nonparticipating party\u2019s arguments \nas effectively as possible, to best assure that the resulting \nevaluation has fully considered both sides\u2019 positions.\n\n\n \n\nLimited forms of neutral evaluation can also be uti- \nlized in a wide variety of other formats to meet the needs \nof a particular case. For example, JAMS panelists report \nsuccessful experiences in commercial disputes rendering \nmany types of nonbinding evaluations, such as:1\n\n\n\u2022 mock arguments to test trial strategies and themes; \n\u2022 presentations to a panel of retired judges to predict \nlikely jury reactions to the dispute; \n\u2022 neutral evaluation of proposed expert testimony; \n\u2022 mock summary judgment arguments; \n\u2022 neutral prefiling appraisal of contemplated claims; \n\u2022 neutral appraisal of contemplated appeals; and \n\u2022 mock appellate arguments.\n\n\nIt is also possible to incorporate neutral evaluation \ndirectly into an ongoing mediation process.\n\n\n \n\nKen Gibbs, a JAMS mediator in Los Angeles, calls the \nprocess he has developed \u201cMediation-Evaluation.\u201d If the \nmediation reaches an impasse, the mediator, together with \ncounsel, develops a list of the issues where an evaluation \nis likely to be helpful in promoting resolution. The medi- \nator then takes on the role of evaluator, and the parties \nmake informal presentations regarding their respective \npositions on those issues. These presentations are similar \nto those described earlier\u2014a mix of presenters including \nkey fact witnesses, experts, and counsel. After rendering \nthe evaluation, the mediator can then resume mediation \nand seek to obtain a final resolution of the dispute. Medi- \nation-Evaluation has had particular success in matters \ninvolving public entities, insurance carriers, and publicly \ntraded corporations that need \u201csomething in the file\u201d to \njustify expanded settlement authority.\n\n\n \n\nThe clear advantage of Mediation-Evaluation is that \nthe mediator/evaluator has already obtained a basic \ngrounding in the dispute and its context through the pre- \nceding mediation process, so the evaluation can probably \nproceed more quickly and at less cost than if a different \nindividual is utilized to provide the evaluation. But this \nstructure has limitations and risks also. There is signifi- \ncant risk that while acting as the mediator, the mediator/ \nevaluator has obtained confidential information from one \nor both sides that would not be shared in an evaluation\n\n\nFall 2020\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 756777, "type": "text", "content": "you might be trying the case. This involves a balancing act: trying to be\ncandid on the one hand, \nyet holding back information on the other hand, in the event the matter may go\nto trial.\n\n\n \n\nOften, mediators will permit each lawyer to present a truncated \"opening\nstatement\" in a \nplenary session. Its purpose is two-fold: (1) to set a framework for the\nmediator to reach a \nfavorable evaluation, and (2) to present to the other litigants, unfiltered\nthrough their counsel, the \nstrengths of your client's case.\n\n\nEstablishing one's position on the relative litigation risks, however, is only\nthe beginning \nstep in the lawyer's role at mediation. Once the lawyer establishes the\nstrengths of the legal case, \nthe lawyer needs to work to facilitate an agreed upon resolution. Especially\nwith some clients, the \nlawyer must explain why he/she will pivot from that of an advocate to a\nnegotiator at this stage of \nthe proceedings and what the client should expect at mediation. [A copy of The\nAmerican Bar \nAssociation, Section of Dispute Resolution, pamphlet \"Preparing for Complex\nCivil Mediation\" \n(2012) is attached as Exhibit B hereto. This document was developed as a guide\nto distribute to \nclients to assist them in understanding the mediation process, but may also\nserve as a useful primer \nfor lawyers.]\n\n\n\u00a9 Franke, Sessions & Beckett LLC \nA Maryland Estates and Trusts Law Firm\n\n\n \n7\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 206220, "type": "text", "content": "Manual for Complex Litigation, Fourth\n\n\n \n\n\u00a7 11.33\n\n\n\u2022 Prefiling conferences and requiring leave of court for \ufb01ling of reply or \nsupplemental briefs, or motions for reconsideration, will help avoid \nuseless or unnecessary briefing. \n\u2022 Prompt rulings from the bench will often help avoid unnecessary liti- \ngation activity. \n\u2022 Some judges issue tentative rulings on motions in advance of the mo- \ntion hearing. If the parties reject the rulings, they can direct their ar- \nguments at the hearing to specific issues. \n\u2022 Multiparty litigation requires particular attention to scheduling. \nCounsel should inform the court as soon as possible of any motion to \nbe \ufb01led, with sufficient time for opposing counsel to respond and the \ncourt to review submissions in advance. Discourage expedited mo- \ntions unless they concern matters that will delay further proceedings if \nnot resolved. It is sometimes best to specially set multiparty motions \nrather than schedule them as part of a regular motion docket or calen- \ndar call of the court; such motions also may be combined with other \nstatus conferences in the litigation.\n\n\n# 11.33 Identifying, Defining, and Resolving Issues\n\n\n \n\nThe process of identifying, de\ufb01ning, and resolving issues begins at the ini- \ntial conference. The attorneys should confer and submit a tentative statement \nof disputed issues in advance, agreed on to the extent possible (see section \n11.11). The conference is an opportunity for the judge to learn about the\nmate- \nrial facts and legal issues and for counsel to learn about the opponent\u2019s case \nand gain a better perspective on their own. The judge should be willing to ad- \nmit ignorance and ask even basic questions. Questions should probe into the \nparties\u2019 claims and defenses and seek speci\ufb01c information. Rather than accept\na \nstatement that defendant \u201cwas negligent\u201d or \u201cbreached the contract,\u201d the judge \nshould require the attorneys to describe the material facts they intend to\nprove \nand how they intend to prove them.\n\n\n \n\nThe judge should also inquire into the amount of damages claimed and the \nproposed proof and manner of computation, including the evidence of causa- \ntion and the speci\ufb01c nature of any other relief sought (data that may also be \nsubject to mandatory prediscovery disclosure, see section 11.13). The defense \nshould identify the speci\ufb01c allegations and claims it disputes, the speci\ufb01c\nde- \nfenses it will raise, and the proof it will offer. This process helps identify\nthe \ngenuine disputes and may facilitate admissions and stipulations between the \nparties. The parties may, for example, be able to stipulate to the\nauthenticity of \ndocuments or the accuracy of underlying statistical or technical data while\nre- \nserving the right to dispute assumptions, interpretations, or inferences drawn\n\n\n44\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 997544, "type": "text", "content": "# SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA \nCOUNTY OF LOS ANGELES\n\n\n# (Rule 3.274 new and effective July 1, 2011)\n\n\n# NEUTRAL EVALUATION\n\n\n# 3.280 SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF NEUTRAL EVALUATION\n\n\n \n\nA \u201cneutral evaluator\u201d is an objective, experienced attorney with expertise in\nthe subject \nmatter of the case. The neutral evaluator will convene an informal meeting of\nclients and counsel \nwhere the following occurs: \n(1) Each side, (through counsel, clients or witnesses), will present evidence\nand \nargument supporting its case, (without regard to rules of evidence and without\ndirect or cross- \nexamination of witnesses). The neutral may ask questions in the interests of\nclarity and efficiency \nduring a party\u2019s presentation. \n(2) After the initial presentations, the neutral evaluator may ask substantive\nquestions \nand raise issues. Thereafter, each side may present a responsive presentation. \n(3) Following the presentations and questioning, the neutral evaluator will\nidentify \nareas of agreement and disagreement, clarify and focus the issues, and\nencourage the parties to enter \ninto procedural and substantive stipulations. \n(4) The neutral evaluator must prepare an evaluation outside the presence of\nthe \nparties, which may include: \n(A) An estimate, where feasible, of the likelihood of liability and the dollar \nrange of damages, if any; \n(B) An assessment of the relative strengths and weaknesses of each party\u2019s \ncase; and \n(C) The reasoning that supports these assessments. \n(5) The neutral evaluator must offer to present the evaluation to the parties,\nwho may \nthen ask either to: \n(A) Hear the evaluation (which must be presented if any party so requests), \n(B) Conduct focused discovery or make additional disclosures, or \n(C) Postpone hearing the evaluation in order to engage in settlement \ndiscussions facilitated by the evaluator, which may be conducted in separate\nmeetings with each side. \nAny such settlement discussions do not constitute mediation under the court\u2019s\nADR Program. \n(6) If settlement discussions do not occur or do not resolve the case, the\nneutral \nevaluator may: \n(A) Help the parties devise a plan for sharing additional information and/or \nconducting the key discovery that will expeditiously equip the parties to\nenter meaningful settlement \ndiscussions or position the case for disposition by motion or trial;\n\n\nPage 95 of 225 \nLOCAL RULES - Effective July 1, 2011\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 756783, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>with assessment of strengths and weaknesses, predictions about<br>likely court results, and recommendation of specific proposals or<br>options for settlement. In some respects, evaluative mediation<br>becomes an almost inevitable phenomenon when lawyers act as<br>mediators, even when they are trained in a facilitative model.<br>According to Kovach and Love, lawyers \"revert to their default<br>adversarial mode, analyzing the legal merits of the case in order to<br>move towards settlement.\"</p>\n<p id='51' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>A s more lawyers become involved in representing parties in<br>mediation, they influence the mediator selection process and have a<br>tendency to gravitate toward evaluative mediators, particularly in<br>court-connected programs. This is not an unexpected development<br>given the empirical findings that cases are more likely to settle when<br>mediators offer their views regarding the merits of a case. But<br>evaluative mediation is, in effect, a watered down version of<br>adjudication. Lawyers know this and prepare accordingly. A<br>leading mediation advocacy text advises lawyers: \"If you know in<br>advance that your mediator will evaluate, you should develop a plan<br>for securing a favorable evaluation. The most likely scenario is that<br>the lawyers' plans will include the usual strategic tactics associated<br>with adjudication such as holding back information, appearing<br>inflexible, or presenting positional arguments intended to influence<br>the mediator.16</p>\n<p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>A lthough meant as a scathing rebuke of the corruption of \"pure\" mediation, it actually is a<br>reasonably good description of the process.</p>\n<p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Mediation is, of course, a negotiation. As such, it must work towards satisfying to some<br>degree the needs of all parties. But, and this is an important quote but, it is a negotiation conducted<br>against the backdrop of litigation risk. What motivates the parties in this negotiation is the<br>downside cost of not settling the matter.</p>\n<p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>This is not just a financial calculus but may involve continuing harm to family ties which<br>may be a consideration separate from the financial aspects. Indeed, estates and trusts litigation<br>often involves deep emotions because of the family relationships involved.</p>\n<p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The Lawyer's Role</p>\n<p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Communicating the strengths of the client's legal position and the weakness of the opponent<br>is one role of the lawyer in mediation. This generally means that some discovery would be needed<br>before mediation is likely to be successful. It also means that if the case does not settle at<br>mediation, one must be careful not to give the other party too much of a tactical insight into how</p>\n<p id='57' data-category='footnote' style='font-size:16px'>16 Id. at 83-4. As noted above, Orphans' Court approved mediators are supposed to be trained in general mediation<br>technique and have subject matter expertise.</p>\n<br><footer id='58' style='font-size:18px'>6</footer>\n<footer id='59' style='font-size:14px'>\u00a9 Franke, Sessions & Beckett LLC<br>A Maryland Estates and Trusts Law Firm</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 206294, "type": "text", "content": "\u00a7 11.6\n\n\n \nManual for Complex Litigation, Fourth\n\n\n \n\n# 11.54 Other Referrals\n\n\n \n\nOther possible resources in complex litigation include referral to a private \nor public technical agency, use of an advisory jury of experts in a nonjury\ncase, \nand consultation with a con\ufb01dential advisor to the court.289 Caution is recom- \nmended in experimenting with such procedures\u2014absent statutory authoriza- \ntion or a party\u2019s stipulation\u2014in cases in which, if the court of appeals finds \nreversible error, a lengthy and costly retrial might be required. Referrals to \ncourt-appointed experts, special masters, and magistrate judges authorized by \nstatute or rule are adequate in most cases to provide the needed assistance.\nThe \njudge should consider innovative uses of recognized procedures to make the \nprocess more fair and efficient when complicated issues are involved, such as \nappointing a team of experts to serve under Rule 706, but not to the extent of \ndisplacing the parties\u2019 right to a resolution of disputes through the\nadversary \nprocess.290\n\n\n# 11.6 Final Pretrial Conference/Preparation for Trial\n\n\n \n\n.61 Date and Place of Trial 119 \n.62 Reevaluation of Jury Demands 120 \n.63 Structure of Trial 121\n\n\n \n\n.631 Consolidation 121 \n.632 Separate Trials 122 \n.633 Special Verdicts and Interrogatories 123\n\n\n \n\n.64 Procedures to Expedite Presentation of Evidence 124\n\n\n \n\n.641 Statements of Facts and Evidence 124 \n.642 Pretrial Rulings on Objections 124 \n.643 Disclosure of and Objections to Digital Evidence and Illustrative Aids\n126 \n.644 Limits on Evidence 127 \n.645 Use of Courtroom Technology to Facilitate Evidence Presentation 127\n\n\n \n\n.65 Proposed Jury Instructions 128 \n.66 Briefs and Final Pretrial Motions 129 \n.67 Final Pretrial Order 129\n\n\nThe purposes of the \ufb01nal pretrial conference, explicated in Federal Rule of \nCivil Procedure 16(a), are to \u201cimprov[e] the quality of the trial through more \nthorough preparation\u201d and to \u201cfacilitat[e] the settlement of the case.\u201d These \nends take on special importance in complex litigation and are embodied in \nRule 16(d), which requires that\n\n\n118\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 207353, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='23' style='font-size:14px'>\u00a7 22.2</header>\n<br><header id='24' style='font-size:14px'>Manual for Complex Litigation, Fourth</header>\n<p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022 Would a court-appointed expert, panel of experts, technical advisor, or<br>special master be of assistance to the trier of fact?1059 Determine whether<br>there are less costly methods or alternative ways for the court to man-<br>age the expert testimony, such as joint meetings of the parties\u2019 experts<br>to identify the sources of differences in their approaches to the same<br>questions.</p>\n<br><p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The information discussed above will help in devising a plan for managing the<br>litigation. A threshold question is whether to aggregate cases for pretrial<br>management or to proceed on a case-by-case basis.</p>\n<p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>1059. See generally Laural L. Hooper, Joe S. Cecil & Thomas E. Willging, Neutral Science<br>Panels: Two Examples of Panels of Court-Appointed Experts in the Breast Implants Product<br>Liability Litigation (Federal Judicial Center 2001) [hereinafter FJC Study, Neutral Science<br>Panels] (comparison of methods two judges used to appoint scientific experts to assist in<br>resolving mass tort litigation); FJC Study, Special Masters, supra note 704 (reporting empirical<br>findings about the incidence of using special master in various types of cases and describing the<br>appointment and use of such masters); Ellen E. Deason, Court-Appointed Expert Witnesses:<br>Scientific Positivism Meets Bias and Deference, 77 Or. L. Rev. 59 (1998) (examining the uses and<br>pitfalls of appointing experts, especially difficulties in assuring neutrality and counteracting the<br>tendency to defer to an appointed expert); Joe S. Cecil & Thomas E. Willging, Accepting<br>Daubert\u2019s Invitation: Defining a Role for Court-Appointed Experts in Assessing Scientific Validity,<br>43 Emory L.J. 995 (1994) (reporting results of an empirical study of judicial use of court-<br>appointed experts, identifying purposes and problems relating to the appointments, and<br>describing a pretrial procedure to identify expert issues early in the litigation).</p>\n<footer id='28' style='font-size:16px'>354</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1392389, "type": "text", "content": "PLJ216 Pease p14-15 12/9/08 15:35 Page 14\n\n\nC O N S T R U C T I O N U P D AT E\n\n\n \n\n# Mediation: assessing \na little-used tool\n\n\nEarly neutral evaluation can be a useful option for those \nconsidering mediation. Ian Pease outlines the pros and cons\n\n\nIan Pease is an associate \npartner at Davies Arnold \nCooper, specialising in \nconstruction and \nengineering law\n\n\n \n\nI cess. Ask any practitioner what first \nt has certainly been a marketing suc- \noccurs to them when they hear the \nwords alternative dispute resolution \n(ADR) and, without doubt, they\u2019ll tell \nyou it\u2019s mediation. The Centre for \nEffective Dispute Resolution (CEDR) \nhas been its propagandist for the last 18 \nyears and mediation has now won the \nimprimatur of the civil court system, as I \ndiscussed in my article last month.\n\n\nAchilles heel\n\n\n \n\nThe process does, however, have one \nmajor flaw: it is consensual \u2013 you settle \nthe dispute if you want to settle it. True, \nthe mediator is there to use their skill to \nexplore the possibilities as to how that \nmay happen, but nevertheless the horses, \nthough they may be brought to water, \nmight not drink.\n\n\n \n\nMediation calls for both sides to have \na realistic appreciation of the objective \nmerits of their cases, and that, very \noften, is just not the case, leading to a \nfailure to settle. Why that should be so \nwas brought home to me by a recent \nconversation I had with the manager of \na company that had supplied me with a \nnew fitted bedroom. To cut a long story \nshort, it was not as it appeared in either \nthe showroom or the catalogue, and in \nthe end we negotiated (without media- \ntion, I should add) a reduction in the \nprice as compensation. However, what \nsurprised me somewhat was how the \nmanager indicated he\u2019d deal with the \n\u2018refund\u2019. It was to be dealt with surrep- \ntitiously, so that the detailed facts should \nnot reach his area manager.\n\n\n \n\nAs a manager you get no kudos at \nall for revealing why a contract may \nhave gone wrong, particularly if you \nhave been involved in it and may, to a \ngreater or lesser extent, have caused the\n\n\n \n\nproblems in the first place. Of course, \nthis situation need not be a conscious \ndeception, each side may only have par- \ntial information and that may skew its \nviewpoint. Also, it may simply be that \nsubjectively the manager, putting the \nbest on a bad situation, chooses to \nemphasise certain facts to their seniors \nover others, all of which leads to a fail- \nure to objectively analyse the pros and \ncons of the dispute. Hence when they \nchoose (or are nudged by the courts) to \nenter into mediation, it turns out not to \nbe a success.\n\n\nMediation\u2019s little-used helper\n\n\n \n\nAll forms of ADR divide into one of \ntwo sorts: those where some third party \nmakes a decision for the protagonists (eg \narbitration, mini-trial, expert determina- \ntion), and those where the parties \nultimately make their own settlement \n(mediation, for example). There is, how- \never, a form of ADR that is written into \nboth the Commercial Court\u2019s and the \nTechnology and Construction Court\u2019s \n(TCC) guides that is capable of aiding the \nchances that a subsequent mediation (or \ncommercial settlement) will be successful. \nIt is called early neutral evaluation (ENE) \nand, as the name suggests, involves an \nexperienced independent third party \n(often a High Court judge) considering \nthe parties\u2019 cases and giving their non- \nbinding view of the merits. The basis of \nthe process is to inform the parties rather \nthan to act as a form of evidence in future \nproceedings; to that end the process is \nconducted on a without-prejudice basis \nand the evaluator has no further contact \nwith the case, as either judge or witness.\n\n\n \n\nAs to the procedures followed by the \nevaluator, much depends upon what \nthey and the parties decide is appropri- \nate. However, where the evaluator is a\n\n\n14 Property Law Journal\n\n\n \n22 September 2008\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 62355, "type": "text", "content": "Decisiveness is a quality appropriate to a neutral evalua- \ntor that is frequently overlooked. Having gone through the \nexercise, the parties deserve and presumably want an evalu- \nation that pulls no punches and calls the issues clearly as \nthe evaluator sees them. An evaluation styled as a \u201cmaybe \nthis, maybe that\u201d identification of the litigation risks of \neach party can be better and more quickly obtained from \nthe mediator in a mediation setting. At the neutral evalua- \ntion stage, the parties are usually more interested in hearing \nin a clear and decisive manner just how the neutral eval- \nuator assesses the parties\u2019 positions, for better or worse.\n\n\n \n\nRequiring disclosures from the neutral evaluator of past \nengagements and connections to the parties and counsel, \nnot just conceded conflicts of interest, is also appropri- \nate before finalizing the evaluator selection. Again, the \nconfidence of the parties that the evaluator is entirely inde- \npendent and impartial is critical to the persuasiveness of \nthe resulting evaluation. So full disclosures similar to those \nrequired of an AAA arbitrator, covering past and pres- \nent relationships and connections to the case, the parties, \ncounsel, and witnesses, is entirely appropriate. That said, \nas is the case with a mediator, past relationships may well \nnot be disqualifying, and can even be a positive. In one \nrecent case, the neutral evaluator was acceptable to both \nparties precisely because both parties had utilized him as \na lawyer in prior, unrelated matters, and as a result had \ngreat confidence in his perceptiveness and analytic abilities.\n\n\n# Alternative Uses of the Neutral Evaluation Concept\n\n\n \n\nTo this point, the presumption has been that all par- \nties with a direct interest in the dispute have agreed to \nparticipate in the neutral evaluation, and at least tacitly, \nagreed to be guided in their future settlement efforts by \nthe results. However, this is not a prerequisite for utiliz- \ning a neutral evaluation. In a multiparty case, there are \nmany situations where a subset of the parties may agree \nto obtain a neutral evaluation. This can be useful for \nassessing their relative shares of potential liability, or for \nlater sharing with the nonparticipating parties to help \nconvince them to settle, as just two of many possibilities.\n\n\n \n\nNeutral evaluations are also frequently commissioned \nby one side of a two-party dispute, such as where the \nparty wants to obtain an independent assessment of its \nposition and prospects before committing substantial fur- \nther resources to the case. Often, the neutral evaluation \nobtained, where favorable to the commissioning party, is \nthen shared with the opposing party in an attempt to inject \na greater degree of reality into the other party\u2019s overly opti- \nmistic case evaluation. This can be effective, but naturally \nis not normally as effective as getting the opposing party \nto participate in the neutral evaluation process from the \noutset. It is naturally much harder to disregard an unfavor- \nable neutral evaluation when the party has agreed to the \nselection of the evaluator and participated in the process.\n\n\n \n\nThe hurdle to overcome in any neutral evaluation that \ndoes not involve all parties is assuring that the best argu- \nments and facts most favorable to the nonparticipating\n\n\n10\n\n\n \n\nTHE CONSTRUCTION LAWYER\n\n\n \n\nPublished in The Construction Lawyer, Volume 40, Number 4, Fall 2020. \u00a9 2020\nAmerican Bar Association. Reproduced with permission. All rights reserved.\nThis information or any portion \nthereof may not be copied or disseminated in any form or by any means or\nstored in an electronic database or retrieval system without the express\nwritten consent of the American Bar Association.\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}]	Consider a company involved in a dispute that utilizes mock arguments and panel presentations as part of a neutral evaluation strategy. How could this multi-pronged approach improve their trial preparation?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 131, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 212454, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='0' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-179<br>Manuscript under review for journal Biogeosciences<br>Discussion started: 20 April 2018<br>c(cid:13) Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4.0 License.</p>\n<p id='1' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>2: Introduction of a litter formulation and model evaluation for local-scale forest sites, Geosci. Model Dev., 10(4), 1621\u20131644,</p>\n<br><p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>doi:10.5194/gmd-10-1621-2017, 2017.<br>Pavlick, R., Drewry, D. and Kleidon, A.: Quantifying the importance of plant functional diversity for ecosystem functioning<br>and resilience under scenarios of climate change (Invited), AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 32, B32D\u201302 [online] Available from:<br>5 http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.B32D..02P (Accessed 20 March 2018), 2013.<br>Perkins, S. E., Pitman, A. J., Holbrook, N. J. and McAneney, J.: Evaluation of the AR4 Climate Models\u2019 Simulated Daily<br>Maximum Temperature, Minimum Temperature, and Precipitation over Australia Using Probability Density Functions, J.<br>Clim., 20(17), 4356\u20134376, doi:10.1175/JCLI4253.1, 2007.<br>Pitman, A. J.: The evolution of, and revolution in, land surface schemes designed for climate models, Int. J. Climatol., 23(5),<br>10 479\u2013510, 2003.<br>Reich, P. B., Walters, M. B. and Ellsworth, D. S.: From tropics to tundra: Global convergence in plant functioning, PNAS,<br>94(25), 13730\u201313734 [online] Available from: http://www.pnas.org/content/94/25/13730 (Accessed 20 March 2018), 1997.<br>Schuur, E. A. G.: Productivity and global climate revisited: The sensitivity of tropical forest growth to precipitation, Ecology,<br>84(5), 1165\u20131170, doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[1165:PAGCRT]2.0.CO;2, 2003.<br>15 Serv\u00e9n, D.: pyGAM: Generalized Additive Models in Python, [online] Available from: https://github.com/dswah/pyGAM<br>(Accessed 15 March 2018), 2018.<br>Slevin, D., Tett, S. F. B. and Williams, M.: Multi-site evaluation of the JULES land surface model using global and local<br>data, Geosci. Model Dev., 8(2), 295\u2013316, doi:10.5194/gmd-8-295-2015, 2015.<br>Ukkola, A. M., Haughton, N., De Kauwe, M. G., Abramowitz, G. and Pitman, A. J.: FluxnetLSM R package (v1.0): A<br>20 community tool for processing FLUXNET data for use in land surface modelling, Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., 2017, 1\u201321,<br>doi:10.5194/gmd-2017-58, 2017.<br>Van Bodegom, P. M., Douma, J. C., Witte, J. P. M., Ordo\u00f1ez, J. C., Bartholomeus, R. P. and Aerts, R.: Going beyond<br>limitations of plant functional types when predicting global ecosystematmosphere \ufb02uxes: Exploring the merits of traits-based<br>approaches, Global Ecology and Biogeography, 21(6), 625\u2013636, doi:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2011.00717.x, 2012.<br>25 Wang, Y. P., Kowalczyk, E. A., Leuning, R., Abramowitz, G., Raupach, M. R., Pak, B., van Gorsel, E. and Luhar, A.: Diag-<br>nosing errors in a land surface model (CABLE) in the time and frequency domains, J. Geophys. Res., 116(G1), doi:10.1029/2010JG001385,<br>2011.<br>Whittaker, R. H.: Classi\ufb01cation of natural communities, Bot. Rev, 28(1), 1\u2013239, doi:10.1007/BF02860872, 1962.<br>Wilson, K., Goldstein, A., Falge, E., Aubinet, M., Baldocchi, D., Berbigier, P., Bernhofer, C., Ceulemans, R., Dolman, H.,<br>30 Field, C., Grelle, A., Ibrom, A., Law, B. E., Kowalski, A., Meyers, T., Moncrieff, J., Monson, R., Oechel, W., Tenhunen,<br>J., Valentini, R. and Verma, S.: Energy balance closure at FLUXNET sites, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 113(14),<br>223\u2013243, doi:10.1016/S0168-1923(02)00109-0, 2002.<br>WorldClim: WorldClim Version2, [online] Available from: http://worldclim.org/version2/ (Accessed 9 January 2018), 2016.<br>Wright, I. J., Reich, P. B., Westoby, M., Ackerly, D. D., Baruch, Z., Bongers, F., Cavender-Bares, J., Chapin, T., Cornelissen,<br>35 J. H. C., Diemer, M., Flexas, J., Garnier, E., Groom, P. K., Gulias, J., Hikosaka, K., Lamont, B. B., Lee, T., Lee, W., Lusk, C.,</p>\n<footer id='3' style='font-size:18px'>31</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1977014, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='12' style='font-size:14px'>Chapter 3</header>\n<br><header id='13' style='font-size:14px'>Forest Composition, Seasonality and Productivity</header>\n<p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>T hese productivity levels will be the standard for any future comparative studies in the<br>Sabangau.</p>\n<h1 id='15' style='font-size:20px'>3 .3.4 Degree of synchrony</h1>\n<br><p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Although data are limited for assessing reproductive cycles because of the short study, an<br>attempt was made to classify tree species (lianas and figs were not included due to small<br>sample size) as either synchronous or asynchronous by examining their flowering patterns.<br>Because these data were worked out using monthly data, the standardised formula of<br>Bolmgren (1998) could not be used. Most datasets used for assessing reproductive patterns<br>are long-term datasets (more than 10 years), or individual trees which have been assessed<br>over days and months for classifying whether they have a synchronous or asynchronous<br>reproductive cycle. Asynchronous species are more likely to have individuals reproducing<br>all year round, and thereby be important for orang-utans. For this assessment, as data were<br>limited to 24 months and were only taken once a month, I was not able to classify species<br>as annuals or not. Instead, I have used a very simple classification system to classify<br>whether a species is synchronous or asynchronous. This system, which may or may not be<br>fool-proof as arbitrary cut-off points have been used, enabled me to classify whether a<br>species had a precise flowering peak, or if it was available all year round, and thus help<br>explain why some foods were appearing in the orang-utans diet more than others. The<br>rationale used is as follows:</p>\n<p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>I f a species had at least 1 month with 50% or more of reproductive individuals flowering<br>together and if, in 50% or more of the remaining months, only 10% or less of the<br>reproductive individuals flowered together, the species was classified as synchronous. If a<br>species had no months where 50% or more individuals flowered, then it was classified as<br>asynchronous.</p>\n<p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>T he number of months that fewer than 10 % of stems were flowering was divided by the<br>total number of \u2018low-flower\u2019 months, i.e. the number of months that flower production was<br>< 50 %, to give a \u2018synchronicity\u2019 score. The species with the highest values for this score<br>were considered to be the most synchronous.</p>\n<footer id='19' style='font-size:16px'>72</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 261600, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='76' style='font-size:16px'>c-. P 00 3 P 5</h1>\n<br><p id='77' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>.</p>\n<br><table id='78' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td>season eaten Dry Part</td><td>- - A - A A S A S - - S T A A A</td></tr><tr><td>stations</td><td>- 9 - 1 - 8 2 50 10 1 - - 208 6 4 53</td></tr><tr><td>of No.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>cuts of</td><td>9 - 48 - 2 - 39 2 232 I0 3 - - 1552 30 16 244</td></tr><tr><td>No.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>season eaten Wet Part</td><td>A A T A A A A T - - A A A T - A</td></tr><tr><td>stations</td><td>2 2 6 1 I 5 7 38 - - 4 3 20 1 - 44</td></tr><tr><td>of</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>No. cuts No.</td><td>10 5 43 11 32 41 12 275 - - 10 3 190 1 - 417</td></tr><tr><td>of</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>form Growth</td><td>Herb Shrub Shrub Herb Shrub Shrub Climber Tree Shrub Tree Herb Climber Shrub Tree Herb Shrub</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Walker Wild</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Klotsh R.H. Moore Vatke Hoffm. (Oliv.)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>& Peyr. Pax &</td></tr><tr><td>species</td><td>Trem. Boiss. S.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>L. 0. Don (Retz) G. benghalensis mossambicensh sumatrensis punctulata brachycalyx CONVOWLACEAE kituensis divinorwn candelabrum crotonoides heterochroma boranensis D.C. Vatke Hiern. L. molle</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>fisheri dimidiata aethiopira Pax Am Kotschy.</td></tr><tr><td>and</td><td>EUPHORBIACEAE dichogamus spp. COMMELINACEAE</td></tr><tr><td>family Plant</td><td>Commelina COMPOSITAE Aspilia Conyza Gutenbergia Psiadia Vernonia Ipomoea EBENACEAE Euclea Croton Euphorbia Euphorbia Euphorbia Phyllanthus ICACINACEAE Apodytes LABIATAE Plertranthus Tinnea COMBRETACEAE Combretum</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='79' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Continued<br>1.<br>Table</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 261601, "type": "html", "content": "<table id='80' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>A A A -</td><td>- A A A T A A A T T A - A -</td></tr><tr><td>17 5 38 - - 9 430 4 81 3 10 8</td><td>3 10 5 - 9 -</td></tr><tr><td>34 6? 172 - - 46 1590 6 437 14 27 1</td><td>24 11 26 24 - 51 -</td></tr><tr><td>A A A A A A A - T</td><td>A A A T T A A A A</td></tr><tr><td>6 1 1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>11 1 3 58 - 93 1 5 4</td><td>2 16 3 4 10 1</td></tr><tr><td>32 23 1 5 3 8</td><td>16 72 6 3 87 4</td></tr><tr><td>366 - 396 2 17 14</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Herb Herb Shrub Herb Shrub Shrub Bush Tree Tree Shrub Small Small</td><td>Climber Tree Shrub Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb</td></tr><tr><td>Hutch. & Bak. Sprague Willd. C.D.C. Fres. Harms Benth. Wild. Hoffm. buchananii aponeurus lunariifolius verticillata MELIACEAE Turraea MELI Bersama Acacia Acacia Acacia Ochna OLEACEAE Jasminum OIea Indigofera Indigofera Indigofera Neonotonia Tephrosia L. mornbassana ANTHACEAE abyssinica brevispica gerrardii hockii OCHNACEAE awata De flwninense L. arrecta sp. MIMOSACEAE ALVACEAE Hibbcus Hibiscus Malva F. LILIACEAE Asparagus europea africana PAPILIONACEAE spp. M</td><td>Spach. Dammer Green & Rich. (Meism.) Vell. P.C. Rich. Jaub. Lackey A. (Mill) A. POLYGONACEAE Oxygonum wightii emeroides sinuarum schimperi</td></tr></table>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2220031, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='36' style='font-size:14px'>CONSERVATION BIOLOGY</header>\n<br><header id='37' style='font-size:14px'>3</header>\n<p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>deposition may negatively affect butter\ufb02y diversity via a negative<br>effect on plant diversity (Topp & Loos, 2018) and via microcli-<br>matic cooling, for example, because the increasingly productive<br>and dense plant canopy may prevent caterpillars from absorb-<br>ing solar radiation (WallisDeVries & vanSwaay, 2006). Finally,<br>we estimated the effect of N deposition on the abundance of<br>the different butter\ufb02y species and examined how these effects<br>differed between threatened species and species of less conser-<br>vation concern.</p>\n<h1 id='39' style='font-size:20px'>METHODS</h1>\n<h1 id='40' style='font-size:20px'>Literature review</h1>\n<p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>On July 12, 2019, we searched Web of Science. We searched for<br>original studies that applied multivariate regression models with<br>several predictor variables and used variation in butter\ufb02y species<br>richness among sites or grid cells as response variable. Because<br>we aimed to quantify how often the different categories of pre-<br>dictor variables were used, we did not use speci\ufb01c search terms<br>for N deposition or other predictor variables. Instead, we more<br>generally searched for studies with titles that ful\ufb01lled the follow-<br>ing search criteria: [(butter\ufb02* OR lepidoptera) AND (diversity OR<br>richness)]. We excluded studies with [island OR tropic] in the title.<br>Furthermore, the topic needed to contain [\u201cglobal change\u201d OR<br>driver OR predictor OR variable]. Search settings are in Appendix<br>S1. This search resulted in 95 studies. We excluded studies con-<br>ducted in tropical rain forest and desert; thus, 32 studies met our<br>criteria (Appendix S2).</p>\n<br><p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>From the 32 studies, we extracted the predictor variables that<br>were used to model butter\ufb02y species richness and assigned them<br>to one of the following categories: broad environment category<br>at the landscape level, including climatic gradients (from cool<br>and humid to hot and dry) and climatic variability and topo-<br>graphic variables (from low to high elevations, from northern<br>to southern expositions, from low to high topographic variabil-<br>ity); habitat category at the level of habitat patches, including<br>variables indicating the availability (from low to high total area<br>of habitat patches), con\ufb01guration (from low to high suitability<br>of habitat patch con\ufb01guration), diversity of types of land cover<br>(from low to high diversity of habitat patches), and land-use<br>intensity (habitat patches with low to high land-use intensity);<br>vegetation category describing the vegetation or the conditions<br>within the vegetation, including resource diversity (from low to<br>high plant or \ufb02ower richness) and microclimate (from dense<br>vegetation with cool and humid microclimate to open vegeta-<br>tion with hot and dry microclimate); and an others category that<br>included variables that did not \ufb01t the other three categories, such<br>as global vegetation index, area age, or soil parameters. All pre-<br>dictor variables are listed in Appendix S2.</p>\n<br><p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>For each study, we extracted the investigated predictor vari-<br>ables and assigned the reported effect on butter\ufb02y species rich-<br>ness: 1, effect of the category on butter\ufb02y diversity as measured<br>by a predictor variable was positive; 0, no obviously impor-<br>tant effect; \u22121, effect of the category on butter\ufb02y diversity<br>as measured by a predictor variable was negative; intermediate</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 476495, "type": "html", "content": "<table id='26' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>2. If the required habitat is generated by a single species, is this species expected to be highly vulnerable to climate change? Y N unknown n/a If yes, please describe any factors that you feel make the species particularly vulnerable to climate change. Click here to enter text.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Information sources</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Click here to enter text.</td></tr></table>\n<h1 id='27' style='font-size:20px'>( C4b) Dietary Versatility</h1>\n<br><p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>T his factor pertains to the diversity of food types consumed by animal species.</p>\n<br><table id='29' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td></td><td>Diet is completely or almost completely dependent (>90%) on one species during any part of the year. Example: Clark's nutcracker depends heavily on the seeds of whitebark pine</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Diet is completely or almost complete dependent (>90%) on a few species from a single guild of species during any part of the year. Example: the larvae of various fritillary butterflies rely heavily on a few species of violets</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Diet is flexible, i.e., not dependent on one or a few species (although the diet may be dominated by one or a few species in a particular location).</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Omnivorous diet include numerous species of both plants and animals.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Insufficient data for assessment</td></tr><tr><td>If</td><td>multiple boxes are selected</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>More than one category applies across the species' range in the assessment area Two or more categories cannot be distinguished due to insufficient data</td></tr></table>\n<footer id='30' style='font-size:16px'>211</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3070193, "type": "text", "content": "16\n\n\nprevious formulation, a variable zm = 1 if pmj does not \nnj \ncorrectly predict unique pile n\u2019s jth item. Note that in the \nformulation, we have (temporarily) eliminated x from the \nproblem entirely; yet its assignment can be recovered \nthrough the following closed expression:\n\n\n \n\nThat is, once we assume z to be known, we can determine \nwhich summary pile produces the fewest errors for each pile in \nthe original data.\n\n\n \n\nTo prove that our problem is NP-hard, we \ufb01rst note that \nobjective function B1 is the sum of the minima of K linear \nfunctions, which is a piecewise-linear concave function. \nSecond, we note that the minimization of piecewise- \nlinear concave functions in a polyhedral set is NP-hard \n(Mangasarian 1978). As such, to prove that our problem is \nNP-hard, given it also involves the minimization of a \npiecewise-linear concave function in a polyhedral set, we \nhave to express our constraints such that they de\ufb01ne half \nspaces, and thus together provide a polyhedral set. This re- \nquires being able to replace constraint B6 by a constraint that \nstates pmj 2 \u00bd0; 1(cid:2) without affecting the solution. \nTo do so, let us consider the following:\n\n\n \n\nThus, for a particular m = m, the solution of (cid:1)n 2 Nm \nknmin(cid:1)J =1zm* subject to constraints B2\u2013B6 can be obtained \n(cid:6)(cid:6) \nj \nnj (cid:6)(cid:6) \u2212 ynj subject \nequivalently by solving (cid:1)n 2 Nm* knmin(cid:1)J =1 pmj \nj \nto B4\u2013B6. The latter problem is trivially solved by choosing \npmj equal to the median value of \u00f0yn1j, yn2j, :::, ynjNmjj\u00de, \nwhere n1, n2,:::, njNmj are the elements of the set Nm. Given \nthat y is binary, these median values are also binary, and \nthus p is also binary regardless of constraint B6, which can \nbe replaced by:\n\n\n \n\n(B8) pmj 2 \u00bd0, 1(cid:2) \"n = 1, :::, N; \"m = 1, :::, K:\n\n\n \n\nFor the speci\ufb01c case in which pmj = 0 for all j = 1, ..., J, pm*j0 \nis made equal to 1 for the index j0 with the largest number of 1s \nto satisfy B4. In summary, given that all our constraints (B2, \nB3, B4, B5, B8) provide a polyhedral set and that our objec- \ntive (B1) is the minimization of a piecewise-linear concave \nfunction and that such problems have been shown to be \nNP-hard (Mangasarian 1978), our problem is thus NP-hard \nas well.\n\n\n \n\nREFERENCES\n\n\n \n\nAlba, Joseph W., and Amitava Chattopadhyay (1986), \u201cSalience \nEffects in Brand Recall,\u201d Journal of Marketing Research, \n23 (November), 363\u201369. \nAllenby, Greg M., Neeraj Arora, and James L. 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DeSarbo (2012), \n\u201cThe Heterogeneous P-Median Problem for Categorization Based \nClustering,\u201d Psychometrika, 77 (4), 741\u201362. \nBlanchard, Simon J., and Ishani Banerji (2016), \u201cEvidence-Based \nRecommendations for Designing Free-Sorting Experiments,\u201d \nBehavior Research Methods, 48 (4), 1318\u201336. \nBlanchard, Simon J., and Wayne S. DeSarbo (2013), \u201cA New Zero- \nIn\ufb02ated Negative Binomial Methodology for Latent Category \nIdenti\ufb01cation,\u201d Psychometrika, 78 (2), 1\u201319. \nBlanchard, Simon J., Wayne S. DeSarbo, A. Selin Atalay, and \nNukhet Harmancioglu (2012), \u201cIdentifying Consumer Hetero- \ngeneity in Unobserved Categories,\u201d Marketing Letters, 23 (1), \n177\u201394. \nBlei, David M. (2012), \u201cProbabilistic Topic Models,\u201d Communi- \ncations of the ACM, 55 (4), 77\u201384. \nBlei, David M., Andrew Y. Ng, and Michael I. Jordan (2003), \n\u201cLatent Dirichlet Allocation,\u201d Journal of Machine Learning \nResearch, 3, 993\u20131022. \nChung, Jaihak, and Vithala R. Rao (2012), \u201cA General Consumer \nPreference Model for Experience Products: Application to In- \nternet Recommendation Services,\u201d Journal of Marketing Re- \nsearch, 49 (June), 289\u2013305. \nCoxon, Anthony Peter Macmillan (1999), Sorting Data: Collection \nand Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. \nDay, George S., Allan D. Shocker, and Rajendra K. Srivastava \n(1979), \u201cCustomer-Oriented Approaches to Identifying Product- \nMarkets,\u201d Journal of Marketing, 43 (October), 8\u201319. \nDeSarbo, Wayne S., and Rajdeep Grewal (2007), \u201cAn Alter- \nnative Ef\ufb01cient Representation of Demand-Based Compe- \ntitive Asymmetry,\u201d Strategic Management Journal, 28 (7), \n755\u201366. \nDeSarbo, Wayne S., Kamel Jedidi, and Michael D. Johnson (1991), \n\u201cA New Clustering Methodology for the Analysis of Sorted or \nCategorized Stimuli,\u201d Marketing Letters, 2 (3), 267\u201379. \nGreen, Paul E., and Vithala R. Rao (1969), \u201cA Note on Proximity \nMeasures and Cluster Analysis,\u201d Journal of Marketing Research, \n6 (August), 359\u201364. \nGrif\ufb01n, Abbie, and John R. Hauser (1993), \u201cThe Voice of the \nCustomer,\u201d Marketing Science, 12 (1), 1\u201327. \nGrif\ufb01ths, Thomas L., Mark Steyvers, and Joshua B. Tenenbaum \n(2007), \u201cTopics in Semantic Representation,\u201d Psychological \nReview, 114 (2), 211\u201344. \nHamilton, Rebecca W., Stefano Puntoni, and Nader T. Tavassoli \n(2010), \u201cCategorization by Groups and Individuals,\u201d Orga- \nnizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 112 (1), \n70\u201381. \nHansen, Pierre, and Nenad Mladenovi\u00b4c (2001), \u201cVariable Neigh- \nborhood Search: Principles and Applications,\u201d European Journal \nof Operational Research, 130 (3), 449\u201367. \nHansen, Pierre, Nenad Mladenovi\u00b4c, and Jos\u00b4e A. Moreno P\u00b4erez \n(2010), \u201cVariable Neighborhood Search: Methods and Appli- \ncations,\u201d Annals of Operations Research, 175 (1), 367\u2013407. \nIrwin, Julie R., and Rebecca Walker Naylor (2009), \u201cEthical De- \ncisions and Response Mode Compatibility: Weighting of Ethical \nAttributes in Consideration Sets Formed by Excluding Versus \nIncluding Product Alternatives,\u201d Journal of Marketing Research,\n\n\n \n\n46 (April), 234\u201346.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 261604, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='0' style='font-size:16px'>152 T. W. 0100 et a].</h1>\n<p id='1' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Table 2. Additional plant species<br>eaten by black rhinoceros on 01<br>Ari Nyiro</p>\n<br><p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>ACANTHACEAE<br>Barleria volkensii Lindau<br>Monechma debile (Forssk.) Nees</p>\n<br><p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>AGAV ACEAE<br>Sanseveria sp. 2</p>\n<br><p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>AN ACARDIACEAE<br>Rhus vulgaris Meikle</p>\n<br><h1 id='5' style='font-size:14px'>APOCYNACEAE<br>Acokanthera schimperi (A.D.C.) Benth.</h1>\n<br><p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>ASCLEPIAD ACEAE<br>Cynachum tetrapterum (Turz.) R.A. Dyer<br>Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L.) Ait. f.</p>\n<br><p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>COMPOSITAE<br>Helichrysum glumaceum D.C.<br>Vernonia sp. C of Agnew</p>\n<br><p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>EUPHORBIACEAE<br>Erythrococca bongensis Pax</p>\n<br><h1 id='9' style='font-size:14px'>OLEACEAE<br>Schrebera alata (Hoechst.) Welw.</h1>\n<br><p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>PAPILION ACEAE<br>Tephrosia lurida Sond.<br>Vigna membranacea A. Rich.<br>Vigna vexillata (L.) Verdc.</p>\n<br><h1 id='11' style='font-size:14px'>POACEAE<br>Cymbopogon pospischilii (K. Schum.) C.E. Hubbard</h1>\n<br><p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>POLYGALACEAE<br>Polygala sphenoptera Fresen</p>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>RHAMNACEAE<br>Helinus mystacinus (Ait.) Steud.<br>Ziziphus mucronata Willd.</p>\n<br><h1 id='14' style='font-size:14px'>RUBIACEAE<br>Psydrax schimperiana (A. Rich.) Bridson</h1>\n<p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Goddard (1 970) and Mukinya (1 977) noted that black rhinoceros ate all parts<br>of individual plants more often than they ate leaves only, stems only or<br>inflorescences only. On 01 Ari Nyiro, a similar pattern was observed. Rhinos<br>usually ate stems, leaves, inflorescences and shoot tips of the same plants, and<br>often in the case of small herbs, the entire plant.</p>\n<br><p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>However, there were exceptions where some parts of some plant species were<br>selected more than other parts by rhinos. For example, only the stems of young<br>Ferula communis plants were eaten and the feathery leaves rejected. Entire plants<br>of the herbs Hypoestes verticillaris and Justicia cordata were uprooted, but only<br>the above-ground parts eaten, leaving the roots behind. Rhinos ate the bark of<br>Boscia angustifoliu during the height of the dry season; in many cases rhinos tore<br>off the bark of trees with their teeth and horns.</p>\n<br><p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>In general, rhinos ate the same parts of particular plant species during<br>both wet and dry periods. Exceptions were the shrubs Euclea divinorum and</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 261603, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='85' style='font-size:14px'>-<br>3 a<br>%' +<br>-</h1>\n<p id='86' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>- T A A A A A - A A A A A - A</p>\n<p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>1 2 20 4 6 - 2 1 2 6 5 - 2</p>\n<p id='88' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>- 15 2 2 119 4 23 - 2 2 2 49 31 - 11</p>\n<p id='89' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>A A A A A A A - A A -</p>\n<p id='90' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>1 3</p>\n<p id='91' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>2 28 - 1 10 - 6 1 1 - - 25 1 -</p>\n<p id='92' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>Climber Shrub - Herb Shrub</p>\n<p id='93' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>names)</p>\n<br><h1 id='94' style='font-size:20px'>Drum. (Meru</h1>\n<br><h1 id='95' style='font-size:18px'>Wild</h1>\n<br><p id='96' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>& species sp.?)</p>\n<br><p id='97' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>sp. tridentata identified</p>\n<br><p id='98' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Muthwa (Sarcostemma Ngatha Wakoma</p>\n<br><p id='99' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>VITACEAE Cyphostemma Rhoicissus lndiciently Kiberinchi Lobokoko Munkoro Mukena Murema Ndaru Ndei Nkaba Muthambia Mware Mwereki Lobit Mutata</p>\n<br><p id='100' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>name)</p>\n<br><p id='101' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>(Turkana</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 261602, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='81' style='font-size:16px'>-</h1>\n<br><p id='82' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>wl 0 N 3 0 3 O S g</p>\n<table id='83' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td>season eaten Dry Part</td><td>T A A - - A A A A A A A T A T T</td></tr><tr><td>stations</td><td>6 4 3 - - 4 1 3 20 14 5 24</td></tr><tr><td>of No.</td><td>2 15 2 24</td></tr><tr><td>cuts of</td><td>19 6 9 - - 19 3 12 49 61 25 101 2 79 6 81</td></tr><tr><td>No.</td><td>- A - A A A</td></tr><tr><td>season eaten Wet Part</td><td>A A A A A T A T T</td></tr><tr><td>stations</td><td>- 2 - 2 1 1 11 9 1 5 9 1 2 5 8</td></tr><tr><td>of No. cuts</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>of No.</td><td>- 16 - 9 1 3 50 37 2 128 58 1 16 40 61</td></tr><tr><td>form</td><td>Shrub Tree Herb Herb Shrub Shrub Herb Herb Herb Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Small</td></tr><tr><td>Growth</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Vatke Benth. Kurz Moore) Schum. Benth. Verdoon (Engl.)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Mey. (Hoechst.) Spreng.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>f.)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Schum. Rich f.) (S. K. (Wad.) Rich. Schum. E. myricoides L. K. Juss. graveolens</td></tr><tr><td>species</td><td>(Bum.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>volkensii anisata simplicifolia ACEAE abyssinica L. STERCULIACEAE faucicola K. glabrum A. (Bum. stramonium staddo</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>SOLANACEAE A. incanum</td></tr><tr><td>and</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>family</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Plant</td><td>Datura Solanwn Dombeya TILIACEAE Grewia Grewia VERBENACEAE Clerodendrum Clerodendrum Lantana Lippia A. myrtina RUBIACEAE Tarrenna Vangueria RUTACEAE Clausena Teclea SANTAL Osyris mollis similis RHAMNACEAE sp. javanica Rhamnus Scutia</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='84' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Continued<br>1.<br>Table</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}]	If a study focuses on the consumption pattern of climber plant species, how should the data be formatted to best represent species diversity within the Climber category?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 134, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["format reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 606424, "type": "html", "content": "<br><header id='50' style='font-size:14px'>FAQ</header>\n<h1 id='51' style='font-size:18px'>Why are so many values in the spreadsheet blank?</h1>\n<p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Rather than allowing calculation errors to be displayed, I have tried wherever possible to<br>validate the inputs of every formula. So instead of seeing #VALUE or #DIV/0 in the boxes, you<br>should hopefully be just presented with a clean sheet until you have entered in all the data<br>required to calculate the value in that cell. For instance, Estimated FG will not be displayed<br>until you have entered a yeast strain selection, which might not be immediately clear. If you<br>are having trouble with a certain value, please let me know. I can help you out or resolve the<br>issue in the code if there is one. Another not so obvious instance is when you enable Hops<br>Aging you must enter in the % Lost and the Date Purchased in the Hops tab for IBU &<br>Utilization to work. Similarly Utilization requires that some amount of fermentables be added<br>to predict original gravity which is a factor.</p>\n<p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>How do I do an extract brew in this spreadsheet?</p>\n<p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The Grains tab includes extracts in there. Be sure to add the specific ingredients you will be<br>using if they are not already listed, and to modify the attributes to your needs. When<br>composing a recipe in the Worksheet tab, you need to change the \"Late?\" column's dropdown<br>for your extract addition to be either \"Yes\" or \"No\" depending on whether or not you are going<br>to add the extract to the boil at the beginning of the boil (choose \"No\") or add it later around<br>15 minutes left (choose \"Yes\"). To configure how much a late extract addition impacts the Pre<br>Boil Gravity (and thus Utilization) you can adjust the Extract GU Factor in the Equation Factors<br>section.</p>\n<p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>How do I enter Dry Hop additions into the spreadsheet?</p>\n<p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>In order to enter in your dry hopping additions, simply enter \"dry hop\" for the time value on<br>the Worksheet. No IBUs are contributed to the beer when using dry hop additions.</p>\n<p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>How are the IBUs for First Wort Hopping (FWH) additions calculated? How do I modify it?</p>\n<p id='58' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>In order to use hops as a FWH, simply add \"FWH\" for the time value of the addition. The<br>default is to assume 10% more utilization than would happen if the hops were added for the<br>entire boil. While utilization actually goes up, some people prefer to have their FWH impact the</p>\n<footer id='59' style='font-size:14px'>file:///E\|/MyDocs/diesel%20drafts/PDF-HTML/FAQ.html (3 of 5) [7/23/2009 12:14:27 AM]</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2410904, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='79' style='font-size:16px'>BURP News</h1>\n<br><header id='80' style='font-size:16px'>August 2004</header>\n<br><header id='81' style='font-size:16px'>Page 5</header>\n<p id='82' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>c raft beer movement in the mid 80s and 90s to<br>revive and re-define the IPA beer style. Since that<br>time, the style has continued to evolve and<br>improve, resulting in the birth of the \u201chophead\u201d!<br>Wonderful, delicious beers like Anchor Liberty,<br>Tupper's Hop Pocket, Victory Hopdevil, Sierra<br>Nevada Celebration Ale, Brooklyn East India Pale<br>Ale, Bridgeport IPA, to name a few, are a mainstay<br>for the contemporary hophead - medium bodied,<br>tasty beers with copious amounts of hop aroma,<br>flavor and bitterness, but with enough malt to<br>enrich and balance the overall intense experience.<br>But it doesn\u2019t end there.</p>\n<p id='83' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>E ver evolving and pushing the envelope, in the mid<br>1990s, a new, stronger and hoppier variation of the<br>style began to emerge and has now been<br>recognized by the GABF: the Imperial IPA, also<br>called the Double IPA. The style guidelines,<br>according to the Bistro, home of the first annual<br>IIPA festival, are as follows:</p>\n<p id='84' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>A roma: An extremely rich hop aroma is<br>mandatory. Typical versions use American hops<br>and have aromas such as pine, citrus and floral,<br>but any hop can be used. No malt should be<br>detected in the aroma. It\u2019s all hops. Some alcohol<br>aromas (spicy, peppery) are common.</p>\n<p id='85' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>A ppearance: Clarity can be bright to cloudy due<br>to the large quantity of hops and the hop protein<br>left in the beer.</p>\n<p id='86' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>F lavor: Intensely fruity hop flavors should be<br>layered throughout the beer, as two to three times<br>the amount of hops are used in this beer as<br>compared to a standard IPA.</p>\n<p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>M outhfeel: Medium to full body. A slight warming<br>may be present in the mouthfeel from alcohol, but<br>it should not remind one of barley wine.</p>\n<p id='88' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>C omments: Although the beer should be<br>drinkable with some signs of malt showing, your<br>overall impression should be HOPS! This is not a<br>beer for the average beer drinker!</p>\n<p id='89' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>F rom an interview in Ale Street News with Bistro<br>owner, Vic Kralj, \u201cThe key to double IPA is malt.<br>There can hardly be any caramel malt at all,<br>otherwise it leans too much to a barleywine. Hops</p>\n<br><p id='90' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>need to be in the back end (aroma and dry hops),<br>otherwise it\u2019s too bitter. A lot of guys try to brew<br>these beers, and they end up with either a small<br>barleywine, or an undrinkable hop monster.\u201d</p>\n<p id='91' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>A t this year\u2019s GABF, there were 40 entries in the<br>newly established category. GABF guidelines for<br>Imperial India Pale Ale are as follows:</p>\n<p id='92' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>I mperial or Double India Pale ales have intense hop<br>bitterness, flavor and aroma. Alcohol content is<br>very high and notably evident. They range from<br>golden to amber in color. The style may use any<br>variety of hops. Though the hop character is<br>intense, it\u2019s balanced with complex alcohol flavors,<br>moderate to high fruity esters and medium to high<br>malt character. While hop character may be very<br>intense, it may not be harsh in quality. Imperial or<br>Double India Pale ales have medium-high to full<br>body. Diacetyl should not be perceived.</p>\n<p id='93' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>C ommercial examples: Rogue I\u00b2PA(IPA squared),<br>Stone Ruination Ale, Dogfish Head 90 minute,<br>Deschutes Double Bale Quail Ale, Victory Hop<br>Wallop.</p>\n<p id='94' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>H ere is a chart comparing the current IPA (BJCP<br>Cat 7) style guidelines with the new Imperial IPA<br>(BJCP Cat 14C) guidelines:</p>\n<table id='95' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>Style</td><td>OG</td><td>FG</td><td>ABV%</td><td>IBU</td><td>SR M</td></tr><tr><td>IPA</td><td>1.050-75</td><td>1.012- 16</td><td>5.0-7.8</td><td>40-60+</td><td>8-14</td></tr><tr><td>Imperial IPA</td><td>1.075- 90+</td><td>1.012- 20</td><td>7.7-10.0+</td><td>60- 100+</td><td>8-15</td></tr></table>\n<p id='96' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>A s an example of the \u201cover the top\u201d hopping, John<br>Maier of Rogue is reported to dry hop with one<br>pound of Amarillo hops per barrel, which translates<br>to 2 \u00bd oz per 5 gallon batch!</p>\n<p id='97' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>A ll-grain recipe: 5 gallons</p>\n<p id='98' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>2 0# English pale malt<br>1 \u00bd oz high AA American hops e.g., Columbus,<br>Centennial \u2013 90 min.<br>1 \u00bd oz Cascade hops \u2013 30 min.<br>1 oz Cascade hops \u2013 10 minutes<br>1 oz Cascade hops \u2013 end of boil<br>2 oz Cascade hops - dry hopped in secondary.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 606324, "type": "text", "content": " \n\n# Formulas\n\n\n \n\n# com/library/backissues/issue2.1/garetz.html\n\n\n# Future Alpha Acid Percentage = A1/e(kTFSFDays)\n\n\n \n\nW here A is the AA% rating when you bought the hops, k is the constant in that\ncorresponds to \nthe hops %Lost, TF is the temperature factor, SF is the storage factor and\nDays is the \nnumbers of days since purchase.\n\n\nHops specifications can be found at the following locations:\n\n\n \n\nhttp://www.freshops.com/usda_hop_desc2.html \nhttp://www.skotrat.com/go/default/brewing-info/hops-hop-specifications/ \nhttp://www.brewerylane.com/hops_profiles.html \nhttp://www.kotmf.com/articles/hopslist.php \nhttp://www.yakimachief.com/hopvarieties/hopvar.html \nhttp://www.nzhops.co.nz/varieties/index.html\n\n\n# Mashing:\n\n\n# Infusion equations can be found in John Palmers' How to Brew p.170\n\n\nInitial Infusion Equation \nStrike Water Temperature TW = (0.2/R)(TS-TG)+TS \nwhere TW = temp of strike water, R = mash thickness in quarts per pound or\nliters per kg, TS \n= desired mash step temp, TG = temperature of the grains, temps can be C or F\nbut use 0.41 \nfor C \nthis does not account for heat lost to tun, increase the .2 if necessary for\nheat loss to the tun\n\n\nMash Infusion Equation \nWa = (T2-T1)(0.2G + Wm) / (Tw-T2) \nwhere Wa = amount of water to add in quarts or liters, Wm = amount of water in\nmash, T1 = \ninitial mash temp, T2 = target mash temp, Tw = temp of infusion water, G =\namount of \ngrains in pounds or kg, temps can be C or F\n\n\nPredicted Mash Efficiency is used to adjust the gravity units from the grains\nfor predicting boil \ngravity, extracts are not affected by mash efficiencies and they are tagged in\nthe grains tab as\n\n\nfile:///E\|/MyDocs/diesel%20drafts/PDF-HTML/Formulas.html (4 of 12) [7/23/2009\n12:14:24 AM]\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2594909, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='15' style='font-size:22px'>\uf076Properties</h1>\n<h1 id='16' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022 Appearance</h1>\n<br><p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>At room temperature, RHO-S 30 % is a<br>slightly viscous liquid that is reddish-brown<br>to amber in color. RHO-S 30 % is miscible in<br>demineralized water and alcohol.</p>\n<h1 id='18' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022 Utilization</h1>\n<br><p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>When added to conditioned beer prior to the<br>final step in filtration, utilization of rho iso-<br>alpha acids is typically 70 \u2013 85 %. If added<br>to the wort kettle, utilization is likely to be<br>around 45 \u2013 55 %.<br>Actual utilization will vary from brewery to<br>brewery due to differences in equipment and<br>process conditions.</p>\n<h1 id='20' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022 Light Stability</h1>\n<br><p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>RHO-S 30 % only provides protection<br>against lightstruck flavor in the complete<br>absence of alpha acids and iso-alpha acids.<br>RHO-S 30 % can be used in conjunction<br>with any Hopsteiner\u00ae light stable product to<br>achieve light stability.</p>\n<br><p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>\uf076Packaging</p>\n<h1 id='23' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022 Flavor</h1>\n<br><p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>RHO-S 30 % is normally packaged in 20 kg<br>pails.</p>\n<p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>RHO-S 30 % only imparts bitterness.<br>Compared to regular iso-alpha acid<br>products, RHO-S 30 % lends a smoother,<br>non-lingering bitterness to beer.<br>Depending on the total bitterness and type of<br>beer, the intensity of the bitterness of rho<br>iso-alpha acids is 60 to 70 % of that<br>achieved with iso-alpha acids. Thus, the<br>sensory factor of rho iso-alpha acids is 0.6 \u2013<br>0.7 times the bitterness of iso-alpha acids at<br>a value of 1.0.</p>\n<br><h1 id='26' style='font-size:22px'>\uf076Product Use</h1>\n<h1 id='27' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022 Quality</h1>\n<br><p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>RHO-S 30 % is typically used as a post-<br>fermentation addition. However, it may be<br>applied as a partial or even complete<br>addition to the wort in order to reduce the<br>risk of bacterial infection.</p>\n<h1 id='29' style='font-size:20px'>Dosage</h1>\n<br><p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022</p>\n<br><p id='31' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Dosage of RHO-S 30 % is based on an<br>estimated or known utilization and the<br>desired intensity of bitterness in the beer.<br>The fact that the bitterness of rho iso-alpha<br>acids is about 30 % less than that of iso-<br>alpha acids derived from conventional hop<br>products must be taken into consideration<br>(see Flavor section).</p>\n<h1 id='32' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022 Application</h1>\n<p id='33' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>All Hopsteiner\u00ae products are processed in<br>facilities which fulfill internationally<br>recognized quality standards.</p>\n<br><p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>For a post-fermentation addition, RHO-S 30<br>% can be used as delivered.<br>We recommend in-line additions directly into<br>the beer stream, preferably at a point where<br>vigorous mixing is assured, after primary<br>filtration and gravity adjustment. The addition<br>must be completed prior to final clarification<br>and should take place over at least 70 % of<br>the total volume being transferred.<br>If dilution is necessary, always add RHO-S<br>30 % to demineralized water first and adjust<br>the pH to 8.5 \u2013 9.5 using either potassium<br>hydroxide (KOH) or potassium carbonate<br>(K2CO3). Laboratory scale testing is<br>recommended prior to commercial use.<br>If containers are used over several days, it is<br>recommended that the headspace be<br>flushed with nitrogen (CO2 is not suitable).</p>\n<table id='35' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>S.S.Steiner, Inc.</td><td>Simon H. Steiner, Hopfen, GmbH</td><td>Steiner Hops Ltd.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>New York, USA</td><td>Mainburg, Germany</td><td>Epping, England</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tel:(1) 212 838 8900</td><td>Tel: (49) 8751 8605-0</td><td>Tel: (44) 1992 572331</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fax:(1)212 593 4238</td><td>Fax: (49) 8751 8605-80</td><td>Fax: (44) 1992 573780</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>E-mail: sales@hopsteiner.com</td><td>E-mail: info@hopsteiner.de</td><td>E-mail: enquiries@hopsteiner.co.uk</td><td></td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>PDS 55/21 issued 04/2021</p>\n<br><p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Hopsteiner Trading (Zhuhai) Co., Ltd.</p>\n<br><p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Zhuhai, PRC<br>Tel: (86) 756 322 3340<br>Fax: (86) 756 322 3345<br>E-mail: info@hopsteiner.com.cn</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1359833, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='19' style='font-size:20px'>\uf076Properties</h1>\n<h1 id='20' style='font-size:18px'>\u2022 Appearance</h1>\n<br><p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Hop Oil \u2013 Type NOBLE is a nearly<br>colorless, clear liquid, containing hop<br>essential oils.</p>\n<h1 id='22' style='font-size:18px'>\u2022 Flavor</h1>\n<br><p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>oil<br>oftotal<br>%</p>\n<br><figure data-category='chart'><img id='24' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"70\n60\n50\n40\n30\n20\n10\n0\nmyrcene linalool\nDRY NOBLE NOBLE PLUS\" data-coord=\"top-left:(713,313); bottom-right:(1118,713)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Hop Oil \u2013 Type NOBLE contains a lower<br>amount of the undesirable volatile<br>hydrocarbon fraction, resulting in a more<br>subtle and pleasant hop aroma. Depending<br>on the quantity added and the type of beer,<br>Hop Oil \u2013 Type NOBLE can impart floral,<br>spicy and citrusy notes to beer.<br>In addition, Hop Oil \u2013 Type NOBLE has little<br>influence on the sensory bitterness of beer.<br>It is suitable for use in beers brewed with<br>conventional hop products as well as light<br>stable beers to impart a more typical \u201clate<br>hop\u201d character.</p>\n<h1 id='26' style='font-size:18px'>\u2022 Utilization</h1>\n<br><p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Hop Oil \u2013 Type NOBLE contains fewer<br>volatile hop components and therefore<br>excellent recovery rates are possible.<br>Depending on the time of the addition, the<br>recovery rate for hop oil can be as high as<br>95 %.</p>\n<h1 id='28' style='font-size:18px'>\u2022 Quality</h1>\n<br><p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>All Hopsteiner\u00ae products are processed in<br>facilities which fulfill internationally<br>recognized quality standards.</p>\n<p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>\uf076Packaging</p>\n<p id='31' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Hop Oil \u2013 Type NOBLE is normally<br>packaged in aluminum bottles of various<br>sizes.</p>\n<br><p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Hop Oil \u2013 Type NOBLE is supplied as a<br>1:100 dilution in propylene glycol<br>(recommended). Other dilutions, packaging<br>or pure hop oils may be available on<br>request.</p>\n<br><p id='33' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Comparison of hop oil products</p>\n<h1 id='34' style='font-size:18px'>\uf076 Product Use</h1>\n<h1 id='35' style='font-size:16px'>Dosage</h1>\n<br><p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022</p>\n<br><p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Hop Oil \u2013 Type NOBLE is supplied as a 1:100<br>dilution in propylene glycol. The quantity of the<br>hop oil addition is determined by the brewer and<br>depends on the time and point of the addition.</p>\n<p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The hop oil dosage should be based on the<br>desired concentration of linalool in the beer,<br>which typically ranges from 20 \u00b5g/l to 100 \u00b5g/l.<br>These concentrations are intended for orientation<br>only; actual additions will depend on the quality<br>and intensity of the aroma desired.<br>Trials performed by injecting oil into filtered beer<br>(bright beer) with a microliter syringe are helpful<br>for determining the quantity of hop oil required.</p>\n<p id='39' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Dosage example for a 1:100 dilution of hop<br>oil, based on a yield of 90 %:</p>\n<p id='40' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>2.2 ml/hl results in 20 \u00b5g/l linalool in beer<br>11.1 ml/hl results in 100 \u00b5g/l linalool in beer</p>\n<p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>can vary from brewery to brewery</p>\n<p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>PDS 16/21 issued 04/2021</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 38824, "type": "text", "content": "# HOPPRIS\n\n\n \n\n# Variety information\n\n\n \n\n# MAGNUM\n\n\nGermany\n\n\nMagnum is a bittering/aroma type cultivar, bred in 1980 at Huell, the German \nHop Research Instititute, from the American variety Galena and the German \nmale 75/5/3. It is grown in Slovenia for last 12 years. The yields are good\nand \nstable. It has extremely big and heavy cones.\n\n\n# Aroma Specification Pepper, Fruity, Apple\n\n\n \n\nAroma Evaluation (Smell of Raw Hops, 0-5)\n\n\n \n\n# Analytical values\n\n\nThe analytical values are typical for the variety at the time of harvest, but\nmay vary according to crop year, growing \nregion, grower and degree of ageing.\n\n\n \n\nThe alpha content is determined by means of spectrophotometric analyses.\n\n\nHoppris Polj\u010de 2, 3314 Braslov\u010de , Slovenia www.hoppris.com E-mail\nhoppris@hoppris.com \nTel +386 41 726 912 Fax +386 3 7056151\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1359835, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='46' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022 Application</h1>\n<br><p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Hop Oil \u2013 Type NOBLE can be added at<br>different stages on the cold side of beer<br>production, typically prior to filtration.<br>For the highest possible yield, a direct<br>addition into the beer stream prior to filtration<br>is recommended. This enables the hop oils<br>to dissolve in the beer without changing their<br>flavor.<br>Shake bottle well before use.</p>\n<h1 id='48' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022 Storage</h1>\n<br><p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Hop Oil \u2013 Type NOBLE should be stored at<br>temperatures < 10 \u00b0C (50 \u00b0F) in screw-top<br>aluminum bottles. If aluminum bottles are not<br>used, exposure to light must be avoided.</p>\n<br><h1 id='50' style='font-size:22px'>\uf076Analytical Methods</h1>\n<h1 id='51' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022 Aroma Compounds</h1>\n<br><p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Individual hop oil compounds can be<br>analyzed by means of gas chromatography<br>techniques using the following methods:</p>\n<h1 id='53' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022 Best Before Date</h1>\n<br><p id='54' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>\uf02d Analytica-EBC 7.12<br>\uf02d ASBC Hops-17</p>\n<p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Hop Oil \u2013 Type NOBLE is stable two years<br>from the date it was produced / packaged if<br>stored under the recommended conditions.<br>Packaging can be opened once per week for<br>a period up to 1 month.</p>\n<br><h1 id='56' style='font-size:22px'>\uf076Technical Support</h1>\n<p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>We are pleased to offer assistance and advice<br>on the full range of Hopsteiner\u00ae products:</p>\n<p id='58' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>o copies of all relevant analytical<br>procedures<br>o Safety Data Sheets (SDS)<br>o assistance with pilot or full-scale brewing<br>trials<br>o special analytical services</p>\n<h1 id='59' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022 Safety</h1>\n<br><p id='60' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Any product coming into contact with the<br>skin should be immediately washed off with<br>soap and water. If Hop Oil \u2013 Type NOBLE<br>gets into the eyes, flush with copious<br>amounts of water until clear and seek<br>medical attention.<br>For full safety information, please refer to the<br>relevant Hopsteiner\u00ae safety data sheet.</p>\n<br><p id='61' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Disclaimer: The information provided in this<br>document is believed to be correct and valid.<br>However, Hopsteiner\u00ae does not guarantee that<br>the information provided here is complete or<br>accurate and thus assumes no liability for any<br>consequences resulting from its application.</p>\n<table id='62' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>S.S.Steiner, Inc.</td><td>Simon H. Steiner, Hopfen, GmbH</td><td>Steiner Hops Ltd.</td></tr><tr><td>New York, USA</td><td>Mainburg, Germany</td><td>Epping, England</td></tr><tr><td>Tel:(1) 212 838 8900</td><td>Tel: (49) 8751 8605-0</td><td>Tel: (44) 1992 572331</td></tr><tr><td>Fax:(1)212 593 4238</td><td>Fax: (49) 8751 8605-80</td><td>Fax: (44) 1992 573780</td></tr><tr><td>E-mail: sales@hopsteiner.com</td><td>E-mail: info@hopsteiner.de</td><td>E-mail: enquiries@hopsteiner.co.uk</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='63' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>PDS 16/21 issued 04/2021</p>\n<br><p id='64' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Hopsteiner Trading (Zhuhai) Co., Ltd.<br>Zhuhai, PRC<br>Tel: (86) 756 322 3340<br>Fax: (86) 756 322 3345<br>E-mail: info@hopsteiner.com.cn</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 606318, "type": "text", "content": " \nTables\n\n\nTables used in doing the calculations related to \nHops Aging\n\n\nfile:///E\|/MyDocs/diesel%20drafts/PDF-HTML/Tables.html (2 of 4) [7/23/2009\n12:14:23 AM]\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 606323, "type": "text", "content": " \n\n# Formulas\n\n\n \n\nmg/l of added alpha acids = (decimal AA rating grams hops * 1000) / liters\nof wort\n\n\nNon-Metric Units \nmg/l of added alpha acids = (decimal AA rating * ozs hops * 7490) / gallons of\nwort\n\n\nThe decimal alpha acid utilization is calculated using Tinseth's two empirical\nfactors: the \nBigness factor and the Boil Time factor.\n\n\nDecimal Alpha Acid Utilization = Bigness Factor * Boil Time Factor\n\n\nThe Bigness Factor accounts for reduced utilization due to higher wort\ngravities. \nBigness factor = 1.65 * 0.000125^(wort gravity - 1)\n\n\n# The Boil Time Factor gives the varying utilization based on boil time:\n\n\nBoil Time factor = (1 - e^(-0.04 * time in mins)) / 4.15\n\n\n# Rager Hops Formulas:\n\n\n# %UTILIZATION = 18.11 + 13.86 * hyptan[(MINUTES - 31.32) / 18.27]\n\n\nAccording to Rager, if the gravity of the boil exceeds 1.050, there is a\ngravity adjustment (GA) \nto factor in:\n\n\n# GA = ((BOIL_GRAVITY - 1.050)) / 0.2\n\n\n# otherwise, \nGA = 0\n\n\nM etric Units \nIBU = ((GRAMS OF HOPS) * %UTILIZATION * %ALPHA * 1000) / (VOLUME(litres) * (1\n+ GA))\n\n\n \n\nN on-metric Units \nIBU = ((OUNCES OF HOPS) * %UTILIZATION * %ALPHA * 7462) / (VOLUME(gallons) *\n(1 + \nGA))\n\n\nHops AA% Deterioration during storage formulas and tables:\nhttp://www.brewingtechniques.\n\n\nfile:///E\|/MyDocs/diesel%20drafts/PDF-HTML/Formulas.html (3 of 12) [7/23/2009\n12:14:24 AM]\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1359831, "type": "text", "content": "# \u2022 Application\n\n\n \n\nHop Oil \u2013 Type NOBLE can be added at \ndifferent stages on the cold side of beer \nproduction, typically prior to filtration. \nFor the highest possible yield, a direct \naddition into the beer stream prior to filtration \nis recommended. This enables the hop oils \nto dissolve in the beer without changing their \nflavor. \nShake bottle well before use.\n\n\n# \u2022 Storage\n\n\n \n\nHop Oil \u2013 Type NOBLE should be stored at \ntemperatures < 10 \u00b0C (50 \u00b0F) in screw-top \naluminum bottles. If aluminum bottles are not \nused, exposure to light must be avoided.\n\n\n \n\n# \uf076Analytical Methods\n\n\n# \u2022 Aroma Compounds\n\n\n \n\nIndividual hop oil compounds can be \nanalyzed by means of gas chromatography \ntechniques using the following methods:\n\n\n# \u2022 Best Before Date\n\n\n \n\n\uf02d Analytica-EBC 7.12 \n\uf02d ASBC Hops-17\n\n\nHop Oil \u2013 Type NOBLE is stable two years \nfrom the date it was produced / packaged if \nstored under the recommended conditions. \nPackaging can be opened once per week for \na period up to 1 month.\n\n\n \n\n# \uf076Technical Support\n\n\nWe are pleased to offer assistance and advice \non the full range of Hopsteiner\u00ae products:\n\n\no copies of all relevant analytical \nprocedures \no Safety Data Sheets (SDS) \no assistance with pilot or full-scale brewing \ntrials \no special analytical services\n\n\n# \u2022 Safety\n\n\n \n\nAny product coming into contact with the \nskin should be immediately washed off with \nsoap and water. If Hop Oil \u2013 Type NOBLE \ngets into the eyes, flush with copious \namounts of water until clear and seek \nmedical attention. \nFor full safety information, please refer to the \nrelevant Hopsteiner\u00ae safety data sheet.\n\n\n \n\nDisclaimer: The information provided in this \ndocument is believed to be correct and valid. \nHowever, Hopsteiner\u00ae does not guarantee that \nthe information provided here is complete or \naccurate and thus assumes no liability for any \nconsequences resulting from its application.\n\n\n \n\nPDS 16/21 issued 04/2021\n\n\n \n\nHopsteiner Trading (Zhuhai) Co., Ltd. \nZhuhai, PRC \nTel: (86) 756 322 3340 \nFax: (86) 756 322 3345 \nE-mail: info@hopsteiner.com.cn\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Given that the alpha content of hops varies according to the degree of aging, how might a brewer adjust their hop usage for a batch planned to age longer?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 137, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 2686514, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='141' style='font-size:18px'>INTERCONNECTING THE COMPONENTS</h1>\n<p id='142' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The t h r e e t y p e s o f computers i n a g i v e n<br>o r g a n i z a t i o n w i l l be c o n n e c t e d v i a h i g h bandwidth<br>l i n k s i n what may a p p e a r t o be a h i e r a r c h i c a l<br>s t r u c t u r e . In a d d i t i o n , c l u s t e r s may b e connected<br>on a f i x e d b a s i s . The a l t e r n a t i v e i n t e r c o n n e c t<br>p o s s i b i l i t i e s a r e :</p>\n<br><p id='143' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>e t h e r n e t s o r r i n g s t o i n t e r c o n n e c t a l l<br>t e r m i n a l s and computers w i t h s p e c i a l i z e d<br>t e r m i n a l c o n c e n t r a t o r s ;<br>e v o l u t i o n o f phone c i r c u i t s w i t c h e s u s i n g<br>d i g i t a l t e c h n i q u e s f o r b o t h v o i c e and<br>d a t a ;<br>p a c k e t n e t s w i t c h i n g ; and<br>d i r e c t i n t e r c o n n e c t i o n among t h e computers<br>w i t h r o u t i n g through e a c h computer.</p>\n<p id='144' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>CENTRAL COMPUTERS</p>\n<p id='145' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The t o p most computers o f t h e h i e r a r c h y w i l l<br>e v o l v e from t h e c u r r e n t , h i g h l y c e n t r a l<br>computation f a c i l i t i e s . These machines s t o r e most<br>o f t h e d a t a and do most o f t h e computing i n<br>t o d a y ' s o r g a n i z a t i o n s . Given t h e d i f f i c u l t y o f<br>m i g r a t i n g f i l e s and work from t h e s e machines, t h e<br>emphasis w i t h i n t h e c e n t e r s w i l l be<br>i n t e r c o n n e c t i o n among t h e machines w i t h i n each<br>c e n t e r , c r e a t i n g i n t h e s h o r t r u n , even l a r g e r<br>d a t a b a s e s . The t i g h t i n t e r c o n n e c t i o n among t h e<br>c e n t r a l computers w i l l a l s o p e r m i t t r a d e - o f f s<br>among c o s t , r e l i a b i l i t y , performance, and e v o l v i n g<br>performance, f o r a g i v e n a p p l i c a t i o n o r s e t o f<br>a p p l i c a t i o n s . In o r d e r t o g e t t h e economy o f<br>s c a l e r e q u i r e d t o s u p p o r t t h e l a r g e human<br>o r g a n i z a t i o n s t h a t a t t e n d c e n t r a l computers, t h e i r<br>f u n c t i o n s w i l l have t o be s p e c i a l i z e d ( e . g . f r o n t<br>ends f o r h a n d l i n g many communications l i n e s , and<br>back e n d i n g f o r d a t a b a s e s and a r c h i v i n g ) .</p>\n<p id='146' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>C e n t r a l computing f a c i l i t i e s w i l l c o n t i n u e t o be<br>o p e r a t e d by l a r g e s t a f f s whose emphasis i s on<br>knowledge o f t h e o p e r a t i n g systems and g e t t i n g<br>work done u s i n g h i g h l y s p e c i a l i z e d f a c i l i t i e s such<br>a s CODASYL Databases. The c a s u a l u s e r w i l l be<br>dependent on t h e c e n t r a l s y s t e m s through t h e<br>a p p l i c a t i o n s . Cost w i l l be h i g h f o r e v e r y t h i n g<br>e x c e p t t h e s t o r a g e o f v e r y l a r g e f i l e s , where<br>hardware p r o v i d e s an economy o f s c a l e .<br>Programming c o s t s a t t h e c e n t e r have t o be t h e<br>h i g h e s t , because t h e f a c i l i t i e s a r e g e n e r a l<br>purpose and a p p l i c a t i o n s a r e most remote from t h e<br>u l t i m a t e u s e r . The r o l e o f c e n t r a l f a c i l i t y w i l l<br>be t o p r o v i d e :</p>\n<br><p id='147' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>communications among a l l t h e o t h e r computers</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1599140, "type": "text", "content": "Topology and Routing in Clusters: \nFrom Theory to Practice\n\n\n(cid:3) \nYoav Etsion Mickael Raizman Dror G. Feitelson \nSchool of Computer Science and Engineering \nThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem \n91904 Jerusalem, Israel\n\n\nAbstract\n\n\nDesigners of communication subsystems for clusters often present performance\ndata \nby measuring bandwidth and latency for single point-to-point connections. Such\ndata \nis not sensitive to routing algorithms and to network topology, and little\nexperimental \nevidence relating to the impact of these factors on performance has been\ncollected. On \nthe other hand there is abundant theoretical evidence for the use of\ntopologies with \nhigh bisection bandwidth and multiple and even randomized routes. We show that \nindeed these ideas can be applied in practice to achieve signi(cid:12)cant\nbene(cid:12)ts. In the \ncase of topology, we show that the characteristics of commercially available\nMyrinet \nswitches allow for the construction of related topologies with relatively few\nadded links \nthat provide much better support for intensive communication patterns. In the\ncase \nof routing, we show simple mechanisms for implementing multiple paths in FM\nand \nrandomization by randomized mapping of logical nodes. These mechanisms\nalleviate \ncongestion due to uneven tra(cid:14)c patterns.\n\n\n1 Introduction\n\n\nClusters of commodity PCs connected by fast LANs are becoming a common\narchitecture \nfor high-performance computing [25]. An interesting design issue for such\nclusters is how to \ncon(cid:12)gure the LAN for best performance. This includes the choice of\ntopology, the routing \nalgorithm, and the interplay between them. While these issues have received\nmuch attention \nin the professional literature, there is little experimental data regarding\nthe match between \ntheory and practice.\n\n\n(cid:3) \nfeit@cs.huji.ac.il, tel: +972 2 658 4115, fax: +972 2 651 1912.\n\n\n1\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 682827, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='11' style='font-size:14px'>Annals of R.S.C.B., ISSN:1583-6258, Vol. 25, Issue 6, 2021, Pages. 3929 - 3937<br>Received 25 April 2021; Accepted 08 May 2021.</header>\n<p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>cloud canhave resources pools. All these resource pools utilize as per the requirement of cloud.<br>Some of the examples of cluster computing are Google search engine and weather forecasting<br>app, they are related to distribution environment. Cluster computing should support high<br>availability, high performance and load balancing. Cluster launched in 1990s idea of aggregating<br>hundreds of standard machines in order to form a high power computing cluster.</p>\n<br><h1 id='13' style='font-size:20px'>Anatomy of a computer cluster</h1>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Figure 1 highlights the hierarchical structure of a cluster organized around network of<br>interconnected equipment (switches). The machine making up a server cluster are generally of<br>the same type. They are stacked up in racks and connected to switches. Therefore systems can<br>evolve based on need: nodes are added and connected on demand. This type of aggregate, much<br>cheaper than a multiprocessor server, is frequently used for parallel computations.<br>Clients communicate with cluster as if it were a single machine. Clusters are normally made up<br>of three or four types of nodes: computing nodes (the most numerous ' there are generally 16, 32,<br>64, 128 or 256 of them); storage nodes (fewer than about 10); front end nodes ( one or<br>more); there may be additional nodes dedicated to system surveillance and measurement. Nodes<br>can be linked to each other by several networks: the computing network, Forex changes between<br>processes and the administration and control network ( loading of system images on nodes,<br>follow up, Road measurement, etc.). To ensure large enough bandwidth during the computing<br>phases, computing network switches generally have a lot number of ports. Each machine, in<br>theory, has this same bandwidth for communicating with each other machines linked to the same<br>equipment. This is called full bandwidth bisection. The computing network is characterized by<br>very broad bandwidth and above all has very low latency. This network is a high performance<br>network and is often based on a specific communication topology and Technology. The speeds<br>of computing networks can reach 10 Gbit/s between each machine, and latency can be as low as<br>a few nanoseconds. Computing clusters are used for high performance computing in digital<br>imagery, especially for computer generated images computed in render farms. Even if server<br>fails the administration software of the cluster is capable of transferring the tasks executed on the<br>faulty server to the other servers in the cluster. This technology is used to information system<br>management to increase the availability of systems. Disc forms shared linked by Storage Area<br>Network are an example of this technology.<br>Literature Survey</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2828993, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='33' style='font-size:20px'>Large-ScaIe. Low-Cost Parallel Computers<br>Applied to Reflector Antenna Analysis</h1>\n<h1 id='34' style='font-size:18px'>Daniel S. Katz\u00b7, Tom Cwik</h1>\n<p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Jet Propulsion Laboratory<br>California Institute of Technology<br>4800 Oak Grove Drive. MS 168-522<br>Pasadena. CA 91109<br>d.katz@ieee.org</p>\n<p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>This paper discusses the use of medium- to large-scale Beowulf-class<br>computers in reflector antenna analysis, based on a discrete approximation of the<br>radiation integral. Beowulf-class computers are defined as piles of PCs running<br>LINUX, using fully mass-market, commercial, off-the-shelf (WCOTS)<br>components. The Beowulf-class systems used in this work consist of Pentium Pro<br>processors and fast Ethernet (lOOBase-T) networking. Small systems can be<br>purchased for approximately $1,700 per node as of December 1997. The system<br>used in this work (named Naegling, and located at the California Institute of<br>Technology) has been used in an n-body gravitational simulation with<br>performance of over 10 GFLOPS.</p>\n<br><p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The physical optics (PO) code used in this work (W. A. Imbriale and T. Cwik,<br>\"A Simple Physical Optics Algorithm Perfect for Parallel Computing<br>Architecture; 10th Annual Reuiew of Progress in Appl. Compo Electromag., pp.<br>434-441, 1994) is based on a discrete approximation of the radiation integral (W. A.<br>Imbriale and R. E. Hodges, \"The Linear-Phase Triangular Facet Approximation<br>in Physical Optics Analysis of Reflector Antennas,\" Appl. Camp. Electromag. Soc.<br>J., V. 6, pp. 52-73,1991). This calculation replaces the actual reflector surface with<br>a triangularly faceted representation so that the reflector resembles a geodesic<br>dome. The PO current is assumed to be constant in magnitude and phase over<br>each facet so the radiation integral is reduced to a simple summation. This<br>program has proven to be surprisingly robust and useful for the analysis of<br>arbitrary reflectors, particularly when the near-field is desired and the surface<br>derivatives are not known.</p>\n<br><p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>This paper will include discussion of the parallelization of the PO code, as well<br>as computational results obtained on varying numbers of processors of N aegling,<br>up to the full machine size (currently 140 processors). The computational results<br>will be compared with results obtained from other machines, such as the Intel<br>Paragon and the Cray T3D.</p>\n<footer id='39' style='font-size:16px'>104</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 552742, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>More generality, however, implies more sharing and this raises new issues in the area of cluster<br>resource management. To address these issues, we proposed a decentralized, market-based approach<br>to resource management based on the idea of proportional resource sharing of basic computing<br>resources. Here, a cluster of computers is organized as a computational economy which optimizes<br>for user value. Cluster nodes act as independent sellers of computing resources and user applications<br>act as buyers who purchase resources based on the personal value delivered to users. We described<br>the three fundamental functional requirements for a market based system: expressing value, translating<br>value, and enforcing value. We then proposed an abstract architecture for market-based cluster<br>resource management based on proportional resource sharing. Using this architecture, we have<br>implemented a 32-node (64 processors) prototype system that provides a market for time-shared<br>CPU usage for sequential and parallel programs. To begin evaluating our ideas, we are currently<br>in the process of studying how users respond to the system by collecting data on real day-to-day<br>usage of the cluster.</p>\n<br><h1 id='38' style='font-size:20px'>References</h1>\n<br><p id='39' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>[1] ANDERSON, T. E., CULLER, D. E., PATTERSON, D. A., AND THE NOW TEAM. A case<br>for now (networks of workstations). IEEE Micro (Feb. 1995).</p>\n<p id='40' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>[2] ARPACI-DUSSEAU, A. C., CULLER, D. E., AND MAINWARING, A. Scheduling with<br>implicit information in distributed systems. In Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGMETRICS<br>Conference (1998).</p>\n<br><p id='41' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>[3] BODEN, N. J., COHEN, D., FELDERMAN, R. E., KULAWIK, A. E., SEITZ, C. L.,<br>SEIZOVIC, J. N., AND SU, W.-K. Myrinet\u2014a gigabit-per-second local-area network. IEEE<br>Micro 15, 1 (Feb. 1995), 29\u201338.</p>\n<p id='42' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>[4] BUONADONNA, P., GEWEKE, A., AND CULLER, D. E. An implementation and analysis of<br>the virtual interface architecture. In Proceedings of Supercomputing \u201998 (1998).</p>\n<br><p id='43' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>[5] CHERITON, D. The v distributed system. Communications of the ACM 31, 3 (March 1988).</p>\n<p id='44' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>[6] CHIEN, A., PAKIN, S., LAURIA, M., BUCHANON, M., HANE, K., AND GIANNINI, L. High<br>performance virtual machines (hpvm): Clusters with supercomputing apis and performance.<br>In Proceedings of 8thSIAM Conference on Parallel Processing for Scienti\ufb01c Computing<br>(PP97) (1997).</p>\n<br><p id='45' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>[7] CHUN, B. N., MAINWARING, A. M., AND CULLER, D. E. Virtual network transport<br>protocols for myrinet. In Proceedings of the 5th Hot Interconnects Conference (Aug. 1997).</p>\n<br><p id='46' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>[8] CULLER, D., ARPACI-DUSSEAU, A., ARPACI-DUSSEAU, R., CHUN, B., LUMETTA, S.,<br>MAINWARING, A., MARTIN, R., YOSHIKAWA, C., AND WONG, F. Parallel computing on<br>the berkeley now. In Proceedings of of 9th Joint Symposium on Parallel Processing (Kobe,<br>Japan, 1997).</p>\n<p id='47' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>[9] DEMERS, A., KESHAV, S., AND SHENKER, S. Anaylsis and simulation of a fair queueing<br>algorithm. In Proceedings of 35th IEEE Computer Society International Conference<br>(COMPCON) (March 1990), pp. 380\u2013386.</p>\n<footer id='48' style='font-size:16px'>17</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 25548, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='21' style='font-size:18px'>Online Library High<br>Performance Linux</h1>\n<br><p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Clusters With Oscar Rocks the<br>Parallel Virtual Machine toolkit and<br>Message Passing Interface library to<br>Openmosix And Mpi<br>achieve high performance at a<br>Joseph D Sloan Although a cluster<br>relatively low cost.<br>may consist of just a few personal<br>computers connected by a simple<br>network, the cluster architecture may<br>also be used to achieve very high<br>Page 28/40</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 552717, "type": "text", "content": "More generality, however, implies more sharing and this raises new issues in\nthe area of cluster \nresource management. To address these issues, we proposed a decentralized,\nmarket-based approach \nto resource management based on the idea of proportional resource sharing of\nbasic computing \nresources. Here, a cluster of computers is organized as a computational\neconomy which optimizes \nfor user value. Cluster nodes act as independent sellers of computing\nresources and user applications \nact as buyers who purchase resources based on the personal value delivered to\nusers. We described \nthe three fundamental functional requirements for a market based system:\nexpressing value, translating \nvalue, and enforcing value. We then proposed an abstract architecture for\nmarket-based cluster \nresource management based on proportional resource sharing. Using this\narchitecture, we have \nimplemented a 32-node (64 processors) prototype system that provides a market\nfor time-shared \nCPU usage for sequential and parallel programs. To begin evaluating our ideas,\nwe are currently \nin the process of studying how users respond to the system by collecting data\non real day-to-day \nusage of the cluster.\n\n\n \n\n# References\n\n\n \n\n[1] ANDERSON, T. E., CULLER, D. E., PATTERSON, D. A., AND THE NOW TEAM. A case \nfor now (networks of workstations). IEEE Micro (Feb. 1995).\n\n\n[2] ARPACI-DUSSEAU, A. C., CULLER, D. E., AND MAINWARING, A. Scheduling with \nimplicit information in distributed systems. In Proceedings of the 1998 ACM\nSIGMETRICS \nConference (1998).\n\n\n \n\n[3] BODEN, N. J., COHEN, D., FELDERMAN, R. E., KULAWIK, A. E., SEITZ, C. L., \nSEIZOVIC, J. N., AND SU, W.-K. Myrinet\u2014a gigabit-per-second local-area\nnetwork. IEEE \nMicro 15, 1 (Feb. 1995), 29\u201338.\n\n\n[4] BUONADONNA, P., GEWEKE, A., AND CULLER, D. E. An implementation and\nanalysis of \nthe virtual interface architecture. In Proceedings of Supercomputing \u201998\n(1998).\n\n\n \n\n[5] CHERITON, D. The v distributed system. Communications of the ACM 31, 3\n(March 1988).\n\n\n[6] CHIEN, A., PAKIN, S., LAURIA, M., BUCHANON, M., HANE, K., AND GIANNINI, L.\nHigh \nperformance virtual machines (hpvm): Clusters with supercomputing apis and\nperformance. \nIn Proceedings of 8thSIAM Conference on Parallel Processing for Scienti\ufb01c\nComputing \n(PP97) (1997).\n\n\n \n\n[7] CHUN, B. N., MAINWARING, A. M., AND CULLER, D. E. Virtual network\ntransport \nprotocols for myrinet. In Proceedings of the 5th Hot Interconnects Conference\n(Aug. 1997).\n\n\n \n\n[8] CULLER, D., ARPACI-DUSSEAU, A., ARPACI-DUSSEAU, R., CHUN, B., LUMETTA, S., \nMAINWARING, A., MARTIN, R., YOSHIKAWA, C., AND WONG, F. Parallel computing on \nthe berkeley now. In Proceedings of of 9th Joint Symposium on Parallel\nProcessing (Kobe, \nJapan, 1997).\n\n\n[9] DEMERS, A., KESHAV, S., AND SHENKER, S. Anaylsis and simulation of a fair\nqueueing \nalgorithm. In Proceedings of 35th IEEE Computer Society International\nConference \n(COMPCON) (March 1990), pp. 380\u2013386.\n\n\n17\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 813114, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='81' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Recall that the download rate for object ok is then com-<br>puted as ratek = \u03b4k \u00d7 fk.</p>\n<br><p id='82' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The computation amount wi for an operator ni (a<br>non-leaf node in the tree) depends on its children l and<br>r (basic object or operator): wi = (\u03b4l + \u03b4r)\u03b1, where \u03b1<br>is a constant \ufb01xed for each simulation run, and \u03b4 is ei-<br>ther the size of the basic object, or the amount of data<br>sent by the child operator. The same principle is used<br>for the output size of each operator, setting for all sim-<br>ulations \u03b4i = \u03b4l + \u03b4r. The application throughput \u03c1 is<br>\ufb01xed to 1 for all simulations. Throughout the whole set<br>of simulations we use the same server architecture: we<br>dispose of 6 servers, each of them equipped with a 10<br>GB network card. The 15 different types of objects are<br>randomly distributed over the 6 servers. We assume that<br>servers and processors are all interconnected by a 1 GB<br>link. The rest of the platform can be purchased at the<br>costs from Table 1 (con\ufb01gurations of Intel\u2019s high-end,<br>rack-mountable server, PowerEdge R900).</p>\n<table id='83' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td colspan=\"3\">Processor</td></tr><tr><td>Performance (GHz)</td><td>Cost ($)</td><td>Ratio (GHz/$)</td></tr><tr><td>11.72</td><td>7,548 + 0</td><td>1.55 \u00d710\u22123</td></tr><tr><td>19.20</td><td>7,548 + 1,550</td><td>1.93 \u00d710\u22123</td></tr><tr><td>25.60</td><td>7,548 + 2,399</td><td>2.38 \u00d710\u22123</td></tr><tr><td>38.40</td><td>7,548 + 3,949</td><td>3.12 \u00d710\u22123</td></tr><tr><td>46.88</td><td>7,548 + 5,299</td><td>3.43 \u00d710\u22123</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">Network Card</td></tr><tr><td>Bandwidth (Gbps)</td><td>Cost ($)</td><td>Ratio (Gbps/$)</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>7,548 + 0</td><td>1.32 \u00d710\u22124</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>7,548 + 399</td><td>2.51 \u00d710\u22124</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>7,548 + 1,197</td><td>4.57 \u00d710\u22124</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>7,548 + 2,800</td><td>9.66 \u00d710\u22124</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>7,548 + 5,999</td><td>14.76 \u00d710\u22124</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='84' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Table 1. Platform costs (based on data<br>from the Dell Inc. web site, as of March<br>2008).</p>\n<p id='85' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Results \u2013 Due to lack of space, we only present results<br>for selected sets of signi\ufb01cant experiments (see [4] for<br>more results). In the \ufb01rst set of simulations, we study<br>the behavior of the heuristics when the download fre-<br>quency is high (1/2s) and object sizes small (5-30MB).<br>Figures 2(a) and 2(b) show the cost as the number of<br>nodes N in the tree varies, with a \ufb01xed computation fac-<br>tor \u03b1. As expected, Random performs poorly. Subtree-<br>bottom-up achieves the best costs. All Greedy heuris-<br>tics exhibit similar performance, poorer than Subtree-</p>\n<br><figure data-category='chart'><img id='86' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"Alpha 0.9\nRandom\nComp-Greedy\n400000\nComm-Greedy\nSubtree-bottom-up\nObject-Grouping\n350000\nObject-Availability\n300000\n250000\ncost\n200000\n150000\n100000\n50000\n20 40 60 80 100 120 140\nnumber of nodes\n(a) \u03b1 = 0.9.\nAlpha 1.7\nRandom\nComp-Greedy\n400000\nComm-Greedy\nSubtree-bottom-up\nObject-Grouping\n350000\nObject-Availability\n300000\n250000\ncost\n200000\n150000\n100000\n50000\n20 40 60 80 100 120 140\nnumber of nodes\n(b) \u03b1 = 1.7.\" data-coord=\"top-left:(676,156); bottom-right:(1135,885)\" /></figure>\n<caption id='87' style='font-size:20px'>Figure 2. Simulation with high frequency<br>and small object sizes, increasing N .</caption>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 682832, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='43' style='font-size:14px'>Annals of R.S.C.B., ISSN:1583-6258, Vol. 25, Issue 6, 2021, Pages. 3929 - 3937<br>Received 25 April 2021; Accepted 08 May 2021.</header>\n<p id='44' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Intel Xeon scalable processor family value comparsion for VCMS model is given in below<br>table 1</p>\n<br><table id='45' style='font-size:20px'><tr><td>Model</td><td>Family</td><td>L3 Cache</td><td>Cores</td><td>Threads</td><td>Speed</td><td>Price(Dollar)</td></tr><tr><td>8176</td><td>Platinum</td><td>38.50</td><td>28</td><td>56</td><td>10.4</td><td>8,719</td></tr><tr><td>6148</td><td>Platinum</td><td>27.50</td><td>20</td><td>40</td><td>10.4</td><td>3,072</td></tr><tr><td>6138</td><td>Gold</td><td>27.50</td><td>20</td><td>40</td><td>10.4</td><td>2,946</td></tr><tr><td>6126</td><td>Gold</td><td>19.25</td><td>24</td><td>12</td><td>10.4</td><td>1,776</td></tr></table>\n<br><h1 id='46' style='font-size:20px'>Table 1 Scalable Processor value analysis</h1>\n<h1 id='47' style='font-size:20px'>Implementation</h1>\n<p id='48' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>P ython is the best high level language for complex problems. There are three main<br>applications of python, they are web development, machine learning, data analysis/ visualization,<br>scripting, game development, desktop applications, embedded system applications, cloud<br>Technology, cluster management system called to be cluster computing , block chain<br>Technology and analysis of biomedical signals [21][22]. Cloud computing scalability is with less<br>amount and it very easy scale up and down, server storage where is simple we can adopt cloud<br>server from other sources with less amount, data security in cloud computing very using and<br>security is monitored by protocol and data loss is also very low because of cluster management<br>system. Where virtual machines are converted to single cluster and implementation point of<br>view python suits better for virtual cluster management system model and python code is shown<br>in below figure 4.</p>\n<figure><img id='49' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(156,778); bottom-right:(1044,1218)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Fig 4 Python code</p>\n<br><h1 id='51' style='font-size:20px'>Test Results</h1>\n<br><p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Multiprocessing pool is referred to a single machine to a cluster in cloud computing which is<br>given in figure 5. Comparing the scalability of three Python implementations of Monte Carlo Pi<br>estimation \u2014 in a single-process, parallel on a single AWS m4.4xlarge instance using<br>multiprocessing. Pool, and distributed on a 10-node cluster of AWS m4.4xlarge instances using<br>Ray. Going from one node to a cluster using Ray only required changing a single import<br>statement and scales the throughput of the application by an order of magnitude. Call the</p>\n<footer id='53' style='font-size:16px'>http://annalsofrscb.ro</footer>\n<br><footer id='54' style='font-size:16px'>3934</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1890263, "type": "text", "content": " \n\n# Cost\n\n\n# \u2022 Cluster\n\n\n \n\n# A M A Z O N\n\n\n \n\n# A M A Z O N\n\n\n# \u2022 Cluster\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Considering that a basic cluster setup is described as a few personal computers connected by a simple network, estimate how costs might scale as the number of computers doubles.	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 140, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["numerical reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 57199, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='13' style='font-size:14px'>Sullivan180.org \u2666 info@sullivan180.org</header>\n<br><h1 id='14' style='font-size:20px'>BEHAVIORAL HEALTH<br>(Salud del Comportamiento)</h1>\n<br><table id='15' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>Abbott House</td><td>118 Bracken Rd Montgomery, NY</td><td>914-591-7300</td><td>www.abbotthouse.net</td></tr><tr><td>Hudson Valley Community Services, Inc. (HVCS)</td><td>20 Crystal Street Monticello, NY 12701</td><td>845-791 8871</td><td>www.hudsonvalleycs.org</td></tr><tr><td>Catholic Charities, Inc.</td><td>20 Crystal Street Monticello, NY 12701</td><td>\u2010 845-794-8080</td><td>www.cccsos.org</td></tr><tr><td>Children\u2019s Mobile Crisis Intervention</td><td>192 East Broadway Monticello, NY 12701</td><td>845-701-3777</td><td>https://arcghvny.org/programs/mobile-mental-health-hotline.html</td></tr><tr><td>Choices Mental Health Counseling, PLLC.</td><td>32 Mountain Mall Plaza, Suite 2 Monticello, NY 12701</td><td>845-513-5002</td><td>http://choicesmhc.com/</td></tr><tr><td>Crisis Text Line</td><td>National Textline</td><td>741741</td><td>www.crisistextline.org/</td></tr><tr><td>Dynamite Youth Center Foundation</td><td>5803 NY Route 42 Fallsburg, NY 12733</td><td>845-434-3370</td><td>www.dycinc.org/facilities/upstate-ny</td></tr><tr><td>IM ALIVE</td><td>National Online Support Online instant Messaging</td><td></td><td>www.imalive.org</td></tr><tr><td>Kathleen A. Christie, LCSW Therapist & Consultant</td><td>Sullivan County, NY</td><td>845-293-2143</td><td>www.kathleenachristielcsw.com</td></tr><tr><td>MKC Creative</td><td>Sullivan County, NY</td><td>845-293-2143</td><td>Email: mkccreative@gmail.com</td></tr><tr><td>Mobile Mental Health Team</td><td>Sullivan County- Mobile team</td><td>800-710-7083 845 790 0911</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>National Hopeline</td><td>National Hotline</td><td>800-784-2433</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NAMI Sullivan County</td><td>20 Crystal Street Monticello, NY 12701</td><td>\u2010 \u2010 845 794 1029</td><td>www.naminys.org/nys/affiliates- details/nami-sullivan-county/</td></tr><tr><td>National Suicide Prevention Lifeline</td><td>National Hotline</td><td>\u2010 \u2010 800-273-8255</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Problem Gambling Mid- Hudson Resource Center</td><td>7 Skyline Drive Suite 350 Hawthorne, NY 10532</td><td>845-421-5547</td><td>www.NYProblemGamblingHELP.org</td></tr><tr><td>Rehabilitation Support Services (RSS) </td><td>20 Crystal Street Monticello, NY 12701</td><td>845 794-4010</td><td>www.rehab.org</td></tr><tr><td>Sullivan County Community Services</td><td>20 Community Lane Liberty, NY 12754</td><td>\u2010 845 292-8870</td><td>www.sullivanny.us/Departments/Com munityServices</td></tr><tr><td>Synergy</td><td>64 Jefferson St Monticello, NY 12701</td><td>\u2010 845-791-8800</td><td>www.synergyofmonticello.com</td></tr><tr><td>The Trevor Project</td><td>National Helpline</td><td>800-850-8078</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>VA Satellite Clinic at Department of Mental Health</td><td>Port Jervis, NY</td><td>845-858-9809</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hudson Valley Community Services, Inc. (HVCS) Health Hub</td><td>20 Crystal Street Monticello, NY 12701</td><td>845-791 8871 \u2010</td><td>www.hudsonvalleycs.org</td></tr><tr><td>HOPE NY</td><td>Local 24/7 Info & Referral Line for Sullivan County Residents struggling with addiction</td><td>866-832-5575 800-710-7083</td><td>www.oasas.ny.gov/accesshelp/</td></tr><tr><td>Synergy of Monticello</td><td>64 Jefferson Street Monticello, NY 12701</td><td>845-791-8800</td><td>www.synergyofmonticello.com/Pat ientPortal/MyPractice.aspx?LType=10&UCID={0148D3F6-CD69- 4C9B-830D-1DFED64FE6E0}&TabID={1}/</td></tr></table>\n<footer id='16' style='font-size:18px'>Services in Spanish/Servicios en Espanol</footer>\n<br><footer id='17' style='font-size:14px'>Compiled by Sullivan180.org</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 57201, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='23' style='font-size:14px'>Sullivan180.org \u2666 info@sullivan180.org</h1>\n<br><table id='24' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td colspan=\"4\">DENTAL SERVICES - Free or Sliding Scale Fee (Servicios Dentales)</td></tr><tr><td>Sun River Health Inc.</td><td>23 Lakewood Avenue Monticello, NY 12701</td><td>845-794-2010</td><td>www.sunriver.org</td></tr><tr><td>The PRASAD Project, Inc. (Children Only)</td><td>465 Brickman Road Hurleyville, NY 12747</td><td>845-434-0376</td><td>www.prasad.org/programs/united-states</td></tr><tr><td>Refuah- if a patient, they offer shuttle 2x a month to their Spring Valley site for dentistry</td><td>36 Laurel Ave South Fallsburg, NY 12779</td><td>845-482-9394</td><td>www.refuahhealthcenter.com/medical- services/dentistry</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"4\">DISEASE SPECIFIC SERVICES (Servicios Espec\u00edficos Para Enfermedades)</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"4\"></td></tr><tr><td>Alzheimer\u2019s Association- Orange/Sullivan Regional Office</td><td>384 Crystal Run Road, Suite 102 Middletown, NY 10941</td><td>845-695-2247</td><td>www.alz.org/hudsonvalley/in_my_commu nity_about.asp/</td></tr><tr><td>Breast & Prostate Cancer Education & Screenings</td><td>68 Harris Bushville Road Harris, NY 12742</td><td>845-794-3300 Ext. 2055</td><td>www.crmcny.org/about-us/breast- prostate-peer-education/</td></tr><tr><td>Diabetes Education & Support</td><td>68 Harris Bushville Road Harris, NY 12742</td><td>845-794- 3300 Ext. 2106</td><td>www.crmcny.org/services/diabetes-self- mgmt-training/</td></tr><tr><td>Case Management, HIV Testing, Education and Support Groups for those with Chronic Disease, and Educational Workshops on Safe Sex and Harm Reduction.</td><td>20 Crystal Street Monticello, NY 12701</td><td>845-791 8871 \u2010</td><td>www.hudsonvalleycs.org</td></tr><tr><td>Case Management, Education and Support Groups for those with Chronic Disease</td><td>23 Lakewood Avenue Monticello, NY 12701</td><td>845-794-2010 Ext. 71111/ 71110/ 71109</td><td>www.sunriver.org</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"4\">DOMESTIC VIOLENCE & ABUSE RESOURCES (Recursos Sobre Violencia Dom\u00e9stica y Abuso)</td></tr><tr><td>Child Protective Services</td><td>16 Community Lane Liberty, NY 12754 Or NYS Child Abuse Hotline</td><td>845-292-0100 8 00-342-3720</td><td>www.sullivanny.us/Departments/FamilySe rvices/Childrenandfamilyservices/Childpro tectiveservices/</td></tr><tr><td>Legal Services of the Hudson Valley</td><td>309 East Broadway Monticello, NY 12701</td><td>845-569-9110</td><td>www.lshv.org</td></tr><tr><td>Fearless!</td><td>100 North Street Monticello, NY 12701</td><td>845-292-5700</td><td>https://fearlesshv.org/</td></tr><tr><td>Maternal Infant Services Network (MISN)- Community Health Workers</td><td>Local Office in Ellenville, NY CHWs travel to you</td><td>845-647-7200 845-702-1894</td><td>www.misn-ny.org/health.html</td></tr><tr><td>Protective Services for Adults</td><td>16 Community Lane Liberty NY 12754</td><td>845-292-0100</td><td>www.sullivanny.us/Departments/Familyse rvices/Adultservices/</td></tr><tr><td>NY State Police</td><td>Liberty, NY</td><td>845-292- 6600 Or Dial 911</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>National Domestic Violence Hotline</td><td>National</td><td>800-799-7233</td><td>www.thehotline.org</td></tr></table>\n<h1 id='25' style='font-size:20px'>Services in Spanish/Servicios en Espanol</h1>\n<br><footer id='26' style='font-size:14px'>Compiled by Sullivan180.org</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2747125, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='27' style='font-size:18px'>56 = Ocularist<br>57 = All Other</h1>\n<p id='28' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>If PRVDR_CLSFCTN_SYS equals \u201c4\u201d authorized categories of service codes), then the values are:<br>001 = Inpatient hospital services, other than services in an institution for mental diseases<br>002 = Outpatient hospital services<br>003 = Rural health clinic services<br>004 = Other ambulatory services furnished by a rural health clinic<br>005 = Professional laboratory services<br>006 = Technical laboratory services<br>007 = Professional radiological services<br>008 = Technical radiological services<br>009 = Nursing facility services for individuals age 21 or older (other than services in an institution for<br>mental disease)<br>010 = Early and periodic screening and diagnosis and treatment (EPSDT) services<br>011 = Family planning services and supplies for individuals of child-bearing age<br>012 = Physicians' services<br>013 = Medical and surgical services of a dentist<br>014 = Outpatient substance abuse treatment services.<br>015 = Medical or other remedial care or services, other than physicians' services, provided by licensed<br>practitioners within the scope of practice as defined under State law<br>016 = Home health services - Nursing services<br>017 = Home health services - Home health aide services<br>018 = Home health services - Medical supplies, equipment, and appliances suitable for use in the<br>home<br>019 = Home health services - Physical therapy provided by a home health agency or by a facility<br>licensed by the State to provide medical rehabilitation services<br>020 = Home health services - Occupational therapy provided by a home health agency or by a facility<br>licensed by the State to provide medical rehabilitation services<br>021 = Home health services - Speech pathology and audiology services provided by a home health<br>agency or by a facility licensed by the State to provide medical rehabilitation services<br>022 = Private duty nursing services<br>023 = Advanced practice nurse services<br>024 = Pediatric nurse<br>025 = Nurse-midwife service<br>026 = Nurse practitioner services<br>027 = Respiratory care for ventilator-dependent individuals<br>028 = Clinic services<br>029 = Dental services<br>030 = Physical therapy services (when not provided under home health services)<br>031 = Occupational therapy services (when not provided under home health services)<br>032 = Speech, hearing, and language disorders services (when not provided under home health<br>services)<br>033 = Prescribed drugs<br>034 = Over-the-counter medications.<br>035 = Dentures<br>036 = Prosthetic devices<br>037 = Eyeglasses</p>\n<p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Chronic Condition Warehouse<br>CODEBOOK: T-MSIS TAF Annual Provider File \u2502 June 2021 \u2502 V 1.0</p>\n<br><footer id='30' style='font-size:14px'>83</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2921864, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Regional One Health \u2013 Final Summary Report</p>\n<br><header id='58' style='font-size:20px'>June 2019</header>\n<br><h1 id='59' style='font-size:20px'>Resources Needed to Improve Access</h1>\n<br><p id='60' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Both community survey participants and key informants were asked to identify key resources or services<br>that are needed to improve access to health care in the community. Key informants were asked to<br>identify if a series of healthcare resources or services were \u201cMissing\u201d (not available in the community),<br>\u201cLacking\u201d (available but not enough to meet needs) and/or \u201cNot Affordable\u201d (price may be a barrier in<br>accessing service) in the community. If one thinks the resource or service is available and affordable,<br>they could also select \u201cNeed Being Met\u201d or \u201cDon\u2019t Know\u201d. The three highest percentages in each<br>category/column are colored orange in the table below.</p>\n<br><p id='61' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Table 25. Ratings on Ability to Access Healthcare Resources or Services</p>\n<br><table id='62' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>Healthcare Resources/Services</td><td>Missing</td><td>Lacking</td><td>Not Affordable</td><td>Need Being Met</td><td>Don\u2019t Know</td></tr><tr><td>Advocacy for social needs (food security, housing, education, employment, etc.)</td><td>8.7%</td><td>65.2%</td><td>8.7%</td><td>13.0%</td><td>4.3%</td></tr><tr><td>Bilingual services</td><td>4.0%</td><td>76.0%</td><td>0.0%</td><td>4.0%</td><td>16.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Case management/social services</td><td>4.0%</td><td>68.0%</td><td>0.0%</td><td>16.0%</td><td>12.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Corporate health screenings/education programs (on- site for employees)</td><td>0.0%</td><td>24.0%</td><td>4.0%</td><td>40.0%</td><td>32.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Emergency care</td><td>0.0%</td><td>8.0%</td><td>32.0%</td><td>52.0%</td><td>8.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Federally qualified health centers (FQHCs)</td><td>0.0%</td><td>36.0%</td><td>0.0%</td><td>36.0%</td><td>28.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Food distribution</td><td>8.3%</td><td>66.7%</td><td>12.5%</td><td>8.3%</td><td>4.2%</td></tr><tr><td>Free/low cost dental care</td><td>12.0%</td><td>48.0%</td><td>8.0%</td><td>8.0%</td><td>24.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Free/low cost medical care</td><td>8.0%</td><td>76.0%</td><td>8.0%</td><td>4.0%</td><td>4.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Health education/information/outreach</td><td>8.3%</td><td>58.3%</td><td>4.2%</td><td>20.8%</td><td>8.3%</td></tr><tr><td>Healthy food options</td><td>12.0%</td><td>64.0%</td><td>16.0%</td><td>8.0%</td><td>0.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Home health care services</td><td>8.3%</td><td>45.8%</td><td>20.8%</td><td>4.2%</td><td>20.8%</td></tr><tr><td>Housing assistance</td><td>8.0%</td><td>56.0%</td><td>16.0%</td><td>12.0%</td><td>8.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Prescription assistance</td><td>12.5%</td><td>50.0%</td><td>8.3%</td><td>0.0%</td><td>29.2%</td></tr><tr><td>Mental health services</td><td>32.0%</td><td>60.0%</td><td>0.0%</td><td>4.0%</td><td>4.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Multicultural/bilingual healthcare providers</td><td>4.0%</td><td>76.0%</td><td>0.0%</td><td>4.0%</td><td>16.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Preventive health screenings (blood pressure, diabetes, stroke, etc.)</td><td>4.0%</td><td>48.0%</td><td>8.0%</td><td>20.0%</td><td>20.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Primary care services</td><td>4.3%</td><td>65.2%</td><td>17.4%</td><td>8.7%</td><td>4.3%</td></tr><tr><td>Specialty care services (cardiologist, neurologists, etc.)</td><td>8.3%</td><td>33.3%</td><td>37.5%</td><td>16.7%</td><td>4.2%</td></tr><tr><td>Substance abuse services</td><td>20.0%</td><td>60.0%</td><td>8.0%</td><td>4.0%</td><td>8.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Support group services</td><td>4.0%</td><td>72.0%</td><td>4.0%</td><td>8.0%</td><td>12.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Sexual health care</td><td>8.0%</td><td>68.0%</td><td>8.0%</td><td>12.0%</td><td>4.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Transportation</td><td>16.0%</td><td>72.0%</td><td>0.0%</td><td>12.0%</td><td>0.0%</td></tr></table>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 232396, "type": "text", "content": "Download Ebook Guide To Clinical Preventive Services Report Of The U S\nPreventive Services Task Force\n\n\nGuide To Clinical Preventive Services Report Of The U S Preventive Services\nTask Force\n\n\n \n\nRight here, we have countless book guide to clinical preventive services\nreport of the u s preventive services task force and collections to check out.\nWe additionally offer variant types and moreover type of the books to browse.\nThe agreeable book, fiction, history, novel, scientific research, as\n\n\n \n\ncompetently as various supplementary sorts of books are readily user-friendly\nhere.\n\n\nAs this guide to clinical preventive services report of the u s preventive\nservices task force, it ends going on instinctive one of the favored ebook\nguide to clinical preventive services report of the u s preventive services\ntask force collections that we have. 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This\nnew pocket guide provides family physicians, internists, pediatricians,\nnurses,\n\n\nGuide to Clinical Preventive Services, 2014 \| Agency for ...\n\n\n \n\nThe Guide to Clinical Preventive Services contains the U.S. Preventive\nServices Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations on the use of screening,\ncounseling, and other preventive services that are typically delivered in\nprimary care settings. The USPSTF, an independent panel of experts supported\nby the Agency for\n\n\n \n\nHealthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), makes recommendations based on\nsystematic reviews of the evidence related to the benefits and potential harms\nof clinical preventive services.\n\n\nThe Guide to Clinical Preventive Services includes U.S. Preventive Services\nTask Force (USPSTF) recommendations on screening, counseling, and preventive\nmedication topics and includes clinical considerations for each topic. This\nnew pocket guide is an authoritative source for making decisions about\npreventive\n\n\n \n\nGuide to Clinical Preventive Services \| The Community Guide\n\n\nservices. Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, 2014 (PDF - 2.25 MB)\n\n\nThe Guide to Clinical Preventive Services Resource Summary The Task Force is a\npanel of independent experts in prevention and evidence-based medicine who\nconduct reviews into and give recommendations on preventive health care.\n\n\n \n\nClinical Guidelines and Recommendations \| Agency for ...\n\n\nThe Guide to Clinical Preventive Services \| The Guide to ...\n\n\n \n\nThe U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that clinicians\ndiscuss these preventive services with eligible patients and offer them as a\npriority. All these services have received an \"A\" or a \"B\" (recommended) grade\nfrom the Task Force. Refer to the endnotes for each recommendation for\n\n\n \n\npopulation-specific clinical considerations\n\n\nPrevious iterations of the USPSTF Guide to Clinical Preventive Services are\nused around the Nation to provide appropriate and effective preventive care.\nThe Guide is designed to be user-friendly for practicing clinicians. In\naddition, the Guide lists resources that clinicians can use to educate their\npatients on\n\n\n \n\nappropriate preventive\n\n\n \n\nGuide to Clinical Preventive Services, 2014\n\n\nClinical preventive services offer tremendous opportunity to save years of\nlife and to help people live better during those years. Moreover, science-\nbased prevention can save money\u2014and provide high-quality care\u2014by helping\npeople avoid unnecessary tests and procedures. Evidence-based preventive\nservices are\n\n\n \n\nThe Guide to Clinical Preventive Services 2014\n\n\neffective in reducing death, disability, and disease, including:\n\n\nclinical preventive services for general and specific populations. These\nrecommendations are provided only as assistance for physicians making clinical\ndecisions regarding the care of their...\n\n\n \n\nClinical Preventive Services \| Healthy People 2020\n\n\nSummary of Recommendations for Clinical Preventive Services\n\n\n \n\nThe U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that clinicians\nscreen adolescents and adults ages 15 to 65 years for HIV infection. Younger\nadolescents and older adults who are at increased risk should also be\nscreened. The USPSTF recommends clinicians screen all pregnant women for HIV,\n\n\n \n\nincluding those who\n\n\nThe Prevention TaskForce (formerly ePSS) is an application designed to help\nprimary care clinicians identify clinical preventive services that are\nappropriate for their patients. Use the tool to search and browse U.S.\nPreventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations on the web or your\nsmartphone or tablet\n\n\n \n\n2020 Adult Preventive Health Guidelines: Ages 19 through ...\n\n\ndevice.\n\n\nHome page \| United States Preventive Services Taskforce\n\n\n \n\nPreventive services recommended for \"asymptomatic patients\" therefore need not\nbe delivered only during preventive checkups of healthy persons but apply\nequally to clinical encounters with patients being seen for other reasons.\n\n\ntable format.\n\n\n \n\nThe Guide to Clinical Preventive Services includes U.S. Preventive Services\nTask Force (USPSTF) recommendations on screening, counseling, and preventive\nmedication topics. It presents clinical considerations for each topic. The\nguide comprises 64 preventive services presented in an easy-to-use, 1-page\nsummary\n\n\n \n\nGuide to Clinical Preventive Services Assessment\n\n\nAAFP Clinical Preventive Services Recommendations are based on the rigorous\nanalysis of scientific research performed by the United States Preventive\nServices Task Force (USPSTF).\n\n\n \n\nThe Guide to Clinical Preventive Services 2014 ...\n\n\nGuide to Clinical Preventive Services, 2014; Foreword; Appendix E: More\nResources; Appendix D. About the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force; Appendix\nC: Acknowledgments; Appendix B: Members of the U.S. Preventive Services Task\nForce 2004-2014; Appendix A: How the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force\n\n\n \n\nAAFP Clinical Preventive Services Recommendations\n\n\nGuide to Clinical Preventive Services, 2014\n\n\n \n\nGrades Its Recommendations; Section 5. Topics ...\n\n\nFind coverage, coding, and billing information for each service; Get flu shot\npayment rates for the 2020-2021 season; Visit the Provider Resources webpage;\nKeep up to date with the latest Announcements; Medicare covers many preventive\nservices at no cost to your patients. Encourage patients to take advantage\n\n\n \n\nof appropriate preventive services to prevent and find diseases early, when\ntreatment ...\n\n\nPreventive Services \| CMS\n\n\n \n\nThe U.S. Preventive Services Task Force is an independent panel of experts in\nprimary care and prevention that systematically reviews the evidence of\neffectiveness and develops recommendations for clinical preventive services.\n\n\nRecommendation Topics \| United States Preventive Services ...\n\n\n \n\nHealth Promotion and Wellness is designed to provide health care providers\nwith both the theoretical knowledge and practical skills they need to provide\nhigh-quality clinical preventive services. This unique resource is separated\ninto two sections: The first section gives information on risks, ways\nproviders can\n\n\n \n\nassess for risk and tools they can use to advise and help patients move\nforward.\n\n\nHealth Promotion and Wellness: An Evidence-Based Guide to ...\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2558452, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='4' style='font-size:20px'>TECHNICAL APPENDIX II</h1>\n<br><p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Compendium of Models, Evidence Based Practices, Programs, Collaborations and<br>Initiatives, Policies and Guidelines, and Training Programs</p>\n<p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Technical Appendix III provides a summary of the literature review and environmental scan<br>conducted as part of the agenda-setting process with the intention to identify frameworks and<br>conceptual models, evidence-based and other promising interventions and programs, federal,<br>state and local collaborations and initiatives, policies and guidelines, and training programs.<br>Overall, 5228 publications and resources emerged from the search and led to an in-depth review<br>of 300 pediatrics and child health research publications and resources. A total of 292 of these<br>were categorized by type of research and led to identification of 24 conceptual models, 72<br>evidence-based interventions, 85 implementation programs, 80 multi-stakeholder collaborations<br>and initiatives, 32 policies, guidelines & recommendation sets and 6 training programs.</p>\n<footer id='7' style='font-size:14px'>C. Bethell, et al., Building the field to address ACEs and foster the roots of well-being: Technical Appendix. Academic Pediatrics, 2017.</footer>\n<br><footer id='8' style='font-size:18px'>12</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 57200, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='18' style='font-size:14px'>Sullivan180.org \u2666 info@sullivan180.org</h1>\n<br><table id='19' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>New Hope Manor</td><td>35 Hillside Road Barryville, NY 12719 Intensive Residence Community Residence</td><td>845-557-8353 845-452-2870</td><td>www.newhopemanor.org/New_Ho pe_Manor/Welcome.html</td></tr><tr><td>Onward Recovery \u2013 Hudson Valley Recovery Community Outreach Center</td><td>5 Washington Terrace, Newburgh, NY 12550</td><td>Mobile: Call or text (914) 359- 9648 Office: (845)565- 1162, ext. 453</td><td>www.onwardrecovery.org https://www.facebook.com/Onwar dRecovery/</td></tr><tr><td>SC Community Services</td><td>20 Community Lane Liberty, NY 12754</td><td>845-292-8770</td><td>www.sullivanny.us/Departments/C ommunityServices/</td></tr><tr><td>SCADAS, SC Alcohol/Drug Abuse Services</td><td>20 Community Lane Liberty, NY 12754</td><td>845-292 8770 Ext 2099</td><td>www.sullivanny.us/Departments/C ommunityServices/</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"4\">\u2010 CHILDCARE (Cuidado de Ni\u00f1os)</td></tr><tr><td>Boys & Girls Club</td><td>420 Highland Ave, Middletown, NY 10940</td><td>845 342 8833</td><td>www.bgcorange.org</td></tr><tr><td>SC Youth Bureau- County Funded Camp and other Youth programs</td><td>PO Box 5012 100 North Street Monticello, NY 12701</td><td>\u2010 \u2010 845-807-0396</td><td>www.sullivanny.us/Departments/Youthbur eau/Fundedyouthprograms</td></tr><tr><td>Frost Valley YMCA- Camp and other youth programs</td><td>21 Straus Lane Claryville, NY 12725</td><td>845 985 2291</td><td>www.frostvalley.org</td></tr><tr><td>Liberty Summer Day Camp</td><td>119 North Main Street Liberty, NY 12754</td><td>\u2010 \u2010 845-292-7690</td><td>www.townofliberty.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Day-Camp- Reg- 2018.pdf</td></tr><tr><td>SC Child Care Council- Childcare Resource</td><td>7 Community Ln Liberty, NY 12754</td><td>845 292 7166</td><td>www.scchildcare.com</td></tr><tr><td>Town of Fallsburg Day Camp</td><td>60 Creamery Rd Circleville, NY 10919</td><td>\u2010 \u2010 845-342-8833</td><td>www.bgcorange.org/what-we-do/summer- day-camps/town-of- fallsburg-day- camp.html</td></tr><tr><td>Town of Thompson YMCA Camp</td><td>Town of Thompson Park</td><td>845-395-1024</td><td>www.townofthompson.com/wp- content/uploads/2018/04/Summer- Camp- Announcement-2018.pdf</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"4\">COVID-19 Testing Locations (Ubicaci\u00f3nes de pruebas para COVID-19)</td></tr><tr><td>Refuah Health Center</td><td>36 Laurel Avenue South Fallsburg, NY 12779</td><td>845-482-9394</td><td>www.coronavirus.health.ny.gov/ covid-19-testing</td></tr><tr><td>Middletown Medical \u2013 Ferndale</td><td>653 Harris Road Ferndale, NY 12734</td><td>845-292-1200</td><td>www.coronavirus.health.ny.gov/ covid-19-testing</td></tr><tr><td>Middletown Medical \u2013 Liberty</td><td>111 Sullivan Avenue Ferndale, NY 12734</td><td>845-292-6630</td><td>www.coronavirus.health.ny.gov/ covid-19-testing</td></tr><tr><td>Middletown Medical \u2013 Monticello</td><td>4058 State Route 42, Suite 5 (Thompson Square Mall) Monticello, NY 12701</td><td>845-794-1600</td><td>www.coronavirus.health.ny.gov/ covid-19-testing</td></tr><tr><td>Crystal Run Healthcare \u2013 Rock Hill</td><td>61 Emerald Place Rock Hill, NY 12775</td><td>845-794-6999</td><td>www.coronavirus.health.ny.gov/ covid-19-testing</td></tr><tr><td>Ahava Medical and Rehabilitation Urgent Care Center</td><td>25 Carrier Street Liberty, NY 12754</td><td>845-281-7200</td><td>www.coronavirus.health.ny.gov/ covid-19-testing</td></tr><tr><td>Monticello VA Clinic *Must be a veteran</td><td>55 Sturgis Road Monticello, NY 12701</td><td>845-791-4936</td><td>www.coronavirus.health.ny.gov/ covid-19-testing</td></tr><tr><td>Sun River Health</td><td>19 Lakewood Avenue</td><td>845-794-2010</td><td>www.coronavirus.health.ny.gov/ covid-19-testing</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Monticello, NY 12701</p>\n<footer id='21' style='font-size:20px'>Services in Spanish/Servicios en Espanol</footer>\n<br><footer id='22' style='font-size:14px'>Compiled by Sullivan180.org</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 57198, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='8' style='font-size:14px'>Sullivan180.org \u2666 info@sullivan180.org</h1>\n<br><h1 id='9' style='font-size:20px'>Table of Contents</h1>\n<br><table id='10' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>B ehavioral Health (Salud del Comportamiento</td><td>L egal (Legal)</td></tr><tr><td>C hildcare (Cuidado de Ni\u00f1os)</td><td>LGBTQ+</td></tr><tr><td>COVID-19 Testing Locations (Ubicaci\u00f3nes de pruebas para COVID-19)</td><td>Maternal Child Health (Salud Maternoinfantil)</td></tr><tr><td>Dental Services (Servicios Dentales)</td><td>Medical Equipment, Hearing, & Vision (Equipo M\u00e9dico, Audici\u00f3n y Visi\u00f3n)</td></tr><tr><td>Disease Specific Services (Servicios Espec\u00edficos Para Enfermedades)</td><td>Parenting Resources (Recurcos Para Padres)</td></tr><tr><td>Domestic Violence & Abuse Resources (Recursos Sobre Violencia Dom\u00e9stica y Abuso)</td><td>Prescription Assistance (Asistencia Para Recetas)</td></tr><tr><td>Education (Educaci\u00f3n)</td><td>Public Libraries (Biblotecas P\u00fablicas)</td></tr><tr><td>Family Services (Servicios Para Familias)</td><td>Services for Individuals with Disabilities (Servicios Para Personas Con Discapacidades)</td></tr><tr><td>Financial Assistance (Asistencia Financiera)</td><td>Senior Care Resources (Recursos Para dl Cuidado de Personas Mayores)</td></tr><tr><td>Food and Nutrition (Comida y Nutrici\u00f3n)</td><td>Smoking Cessation (Dejar de Fumar)</td></tr><tr><td>Health Care Centers (Sliding Scale Fee) (Centros de Salud)</td><td>Transportation (Transportaci\u00f3n)</td></tr><tr><td>Health Insurance (Seguro de Salud)</td><td>Urgent Care (Atenci\u00f3n de Urgencias)</td></tr><tr><td>Health & Wellness (Salud y Bienestar)</td><td>Veterans Services (Servicios Para Veteranos)</td></tr><tr><td>Income Based Housing (Vivienda Basada en Ingresos)</td><td>Vocational (Vocacional)</td></tr></table>\n<h1 id='11' style='font-size:16px'>Services in Spanish/Servicios en Espanol</h1>\n<br><footer id='12' style='font-size:14px'>Compiled by Sullivan180.org</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 57197, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='0' style='font-size:18px'>\u201cBuilding a Healthy Community,<br>One Degree at a Time\u201d</h1>\n<figure><img id='1' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(325,346); bottom-right:(952,815)\" /></figure>\n<p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Sullivan\u00a0180\u00a0<br>PO Box 311, Liberty, NY 12754<br>Phone: 845.295.2680<br>Fax: 845.295.2657<br>Sullivan180.org \|<br>info@sullivan180.org</p>\n<p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>P lease scan this QR code to view Guide on<br>a mobile device</p>\n<br><p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>COMMUNITY<br>RESOURCE<br>GUIDE</p>\n<br><p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>2021</p>\n<footer id='6' style='font-size:14px'>*Services\u00a0in\u00a0Spanish/Servicios\u00a0en\u00a0Espanol\u00a0</footer>\n<br><footer id='7' style='font-size:14px'>Compiled by Sullivan180.org</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 232399, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The Guide to Clinical Preventive Services Resource Summary The Task Force is a panel of independent experts in prevention and evidence-based medicine who conduct reviews into and give recommendations on preventive health care.</p>\n<br><p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Clinical Guidelines and Recommendations \| Agency for ...</p>\n<p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The Guide to Clinical Preventive Services \| The Guide to ...</p>\n<br><p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that clinicians discuss these preventive services with eligible patients and offer them as a priority. All these services have received an \"A\" or a \"B\" (recommended) grade from the Task Force. Refer to the endnotes for each recommendation for</p>\n<br><p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>population-specific clinical considerations</p>\n<p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Previous iterations of the USPSTF Guide to Clinical Preventive Services are used around the Nation to provide appropriate and effective preventive care. The Guide is designed to be user-friendly for practicing clinicians. In addition, the Guide lists resources that clinicians can use to educate their patients on</p>\n<br><p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>appropriate preventive</p>\n<br><p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, 2014</p>\n<p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Clinical preventive services offer tremendous opportunity to save years of life and to help people live better during those years. Moreover, science-based prevention can save money\u2014and provide high-quality care\u2014by helping people avoid unnecessary tests and procedures. Evidence-based preventive services are</p>\n<br><p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The Guide to Clinical Preventive Services 2014</p>\n<p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>effective in reducing death, disability, and disease, including:</p>\n<p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>clinical preventive services for general and specific populations. These recommendations are provided only as assistance for physicians making clinical decisions regarding the care of their...</p>\n<br><p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Clinical Preventive Services \| Healthy People 2020</p>\n<p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Summary of Recommendations for Clinical Preventive Services</p>\n<br><p id='31' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that clinicians screen adolescents and adults ages 15 to 65 years for HIV infection. Younger adolescents and older adults who are at increased risk should also be screened. The USPSTF recommends clinicians screen all pregnant women for HIV,</p>\n<br><p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>including those who</p>\n<p id='33' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The Prevention TaskForce (formerly ePSS) is an application designed to help primary care clinicians identify clinical preventive services that are appropriate for their patients. Use the tool to search and browse U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations on the web or your smartphone or tablet</p>\n<br><p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>2020 Adult Preventive Health Guidelines: Ages 19 through ...</p>\n<p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>device.</p>\n<p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Home page \| United States Preventive Services Taskforce</p>\n<br><p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Preventive services recommended for \"asymptomatic patients\" therefore need not be delivered only during preventive checkups of healthy persons but apply equally to clinical encounters with patients being seen for other reasons.</p>\n<p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>table format.</p>\n<br><p id='39' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The Guide to Clinical Preventive Services includes U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations on screening, counseling, and preventive medication topics. It presents clinical considerations for each topic. The guide comprises 64 preventive services presented in an easy-to-use, 1-page summary</p>\n<br><p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Guide to Clinical Preventive Services Assessment</p>\n<p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>AAFP Clinical Preventive Services Recommendations are based on the rigorous analysis of scientific research performed by the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF).</p>\n<br><p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The Guide to Clinical Preventive Services 2014 ...</p>\n<p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, 2014; Foreword; Appendix E: More Resources; Appendix D. About the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force; Appendix C: Acknowledgments; Appendix B: Members of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force 2004-2014; Appendix A: How the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force</p>\n<br><p id='44' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>AAFP Clinical Preventive Services Recommendations</p>\n<p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, 2014</p>\n<br><p id='46' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Grades Its Recommendations; Section 5. Topics ...</p>\n<p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Find coverage, coding, and billing information for each service; Get flu shot payment rates for the 2020-2021 season; Visit the Provider Resources webpage; Keep up to date with the latest Announcements; Medicare covers many preventive services at no cost to your patients. Encourage patients to take advantage</p>\n<br><p id='48' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>of appropriate preventive services to prevent and find diseases early, when treatment ...</p>\n<p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Preventive Services \| CMS</p>\n<br><p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force is an independent panel of experts in primary care and prevention that systematically reviews the evidence of effectiveness and develops recommendations for clinical preventive services.</p>\n<p id='51' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Recommendation Topics \| United States Preventive Services ...</p>\n<br><p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Health Promotion and Wellness is designed to provide health care providers with both the theoretical knowledge and practical skills they need to provide high-quality clinical preventive services. This unique resource is separated into two sections: The first section gives information on risks, ways providers can</p>\n<br><p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>assess for risk and tools they can use to advise and help patients move forward.</p>\n<p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Health Promotion and Wellness: An Evidence-Based Guide to ...</p>\n<br><p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The Guide to Community Preventive Services (The Community Guide) is a collection of evidence-based findings of the Community Preventive Services Task Force (CPSTF). It is a resource to help you select interventions to improve health and prevent disease in your state, community, community organization,</p>\n<br><p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>business, healthcare organization, or school.</p>\n<p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>About The Community Guide</p>\n<br><p id='58' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Message Date Posted; Public Comment on Draft Recommendation Statement and Draft Evidence Review: Screening for Hearing Loss in Older Adults: 2020-09-08</p>\n<p id='59' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Copyright code: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.</p>\n<p id='60' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Copyright : chimerayanartas.com</p>\n<br><p id='61' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Page 1/1</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	How many distinct categories of services and resources are listed in the community guide?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 146, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["numerical reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 1955, "type": "text", "content": "Norfolk Museums Service \nShirehall \nMarket Avenue \nNorwich \nNR1 3JQ \nTel: 01603 495881\n\n\n \n\n# Key aims and objectives\n\n\n \n\nDo these reflect all areas of the Accreditation Standard (organisational\nhealth, collections and user \nservices?) A table format can be an easy way to structure this information so\nthe links between \naims and the objectives underneath each aim can be seen clearly.\n\n\n# \u2022 Action planning\n\n\n \n\nHow are you going to achieve the aims and objectives you\u2019ve identified? Who is\nresponsible? \nWhat are the timescales? What is the cost? How will you know this has been\nachieved? \nAgain you don\u2019t need to include a lengthy narrative here- an action plan as a\ntable.\n\n\n# \u2022 Resource planning\n\n\n \n\nYour plan will also need to include financial information as part of the\nresource planning. You can \nshow how this links directly to the aims and objectives as part of a single\naction plan or provide \nseparate budget information. The plan will need to cover a minimum of two\nfinancial planning \nperiods (reflecting the current and subsequent planning year). Even if this is\nat an early stage for \nthe next financial planning period you can include estimates. This section\ndoesn\u2019t need to be \nformally approved so that\u2019s fine if it\u2019s indicative at this stage.\n\n\n# \u2022 Check your dates\n\n\n \n\nIs your forward plan in date? It needs to cover at least the current planning\nyear and the \nsubsequent planning year (so two year\u2019s minimum).\n\n\n# \u2022 Start approvals early!\n\n\n \n\nHas it been approved? If you are starting a new plan think ahead to when your\ngoverning body will \nbe able to meet and approve in time for your return deadline. Often the\napprovals process can \ntake longer than you think so do remember to start this early. Evidence of\nsigned approval will be \nneeded and the ACE guidance document describes the type of approval document\nwhich can be \naccepted (see pages 12 &13).\n\n\nT he key elements that your forward plan will need approval for are the\nmuseum\u2019s statement of \npurpose and key aims. The museum\u2019s objectives and resource plans don\u2019t need to\nbe specifically \napproved for Accreditation.\n\n\n# \u2022 Has your plan been reviewed?\n\n\n \n\nIf your plan is reviewed annually have you recorded this anywhere? Do you have\nmeeting minutes \nwhich demonstrate when the plan was last reviewed? How will review and when?\nInclude the date \nof your next planned review in your forward plan.\n\n\nwww.sharemuseumseast.org.uk\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2337185, "type": "html", "content": "<br><h1 id='7' style='font-size:20px'>Strategic Financial Plan Purpose</h1>\n<p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>\u25aa The strategic \ufb01nancial plan does not replace the annual budget<br>but serves as the starting point for the budgeting process each<br>year.</p>\n<br><p id='9' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u25aa The annual budget will include single-year actions to implement<br>priorities and resource alignment strategies described in the<br>strategic \ufb01nancial plan.</p>\n<br><p id='10' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u25aa The strategic \ufb01nancial plan must be responsive to changing<br>circumstances and is not intended to be static.</p>\n<footer id='11' style='font-size:14px'>23</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 611787, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='54' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>1 (c) Strategic planning. Strategic planning includes the following activities:</p>\n<p id='55' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>2 (1) Establishing or identifying general goals.</p>\n<p id='56' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>3 (2) Refining or detailing these goals and identifying relationships between them.</p>\n<p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>4 (3) Formulating, testing, and selecting policies and standards that will achieve desired<br>5 objectives.</p>\n<p id='58' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>6 (4) Preparing long-range or system plans or comprehensive programs that carry out the<br>7 policies and set time schedules, performance measures, and targets.</p>\n<br><p id='59' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>8 (5) Preparing functional short-range plans or programs that are consistent with<br>9 established or desired goals, objectives, and policies, and with long-range or system plans or<br>10 comprehensive programs where applicable, and that establish measurable intermediate steps<br>11 toward their accomplishment of the goals, objectives, policies, and/or long-range system plans.</p>\n<p id='60' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>12 (6) Monitoring the planning of specific projects and designing of specific programs of<br>13 short duration by the operating departments, other agencies of the executive branch, and political<br>14 subdivisions of the state to insure that these are consistent with and carry out the intent of<br>15 applicable strategic plans.</p>\n<p id='61' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>16 (7) Reviewing the execution of strategic plans and the results obtained and making<br>17 revisions necessary to achieve established goals.</p>\n<p id='62' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>18 (d) State guide plan. Components of strategic plans prepared and adopted in accordance<br>19 with this section may be designated as elements of the state guide plan. The state guide plan shall<br>20 be comprised of functional elements or plans dealing with land use; physical development and<br>21 environmental concerns; economic development; housing production; energy supply, including<br>22 the development of renewable energy resources in Rhode Island, and energy access, use, and<br>23 conservation; human services; and other factors necessary to accomplish the objective of this<br>24 section. The state guide plan shall be a means for centralizing, integrating, and monitoring long-<br>25 range goals, policies, plans, and implementation activities related thereto. State agencies<br>26 concerned with specific subject areas, local governments, and the public shall participate in the<br>27 state guide planning process, which shall be closely coordinated with the budgeting process.</p>\n<br><p id='63' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>28</p>\n<br><p id='64' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(e) Membership of state planning council. The state planning council shall consist of the</p>\n<p id='65' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>29 following members:</p>\n<p id='66' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>30 (1) The director of the department of administration as chairperson;</p>\n<p id='67' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>31 (2) The director, policy office, in the office of the governor, as vice-chairperson;</p>\n<p id='68' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>32 (3) The governor, or his or her designee;</p>\n<p id='69' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>33 (4) The budget officer;</p>\n<p id='70' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>34 (5) The chairperson of the housing resources commission;</p>\n<footer id='71' style='font-size:14px'>LC003937 - Page 76 of 402</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2823761, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='83' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Fiscal Element: This section establishes the policy framework upon which short and long-<br>term financial decisions are made to achieve the goals laid out in each of the Plan\u2019s<br>elements.</p>\n<p id='84' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>O ther Agencies Whose Approval is Required:</p>\n<h1 id='85' style='font-size:14px'>N one.</h1>\n<footer id='86' style='font-size:18px'>10</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1954, "type": "text", "content": "Norfolk Museums Service \nShirehall \nMarket Avenue \nNorwich \nNR1 3JQ \nTel: 01603 495881\n\n\n# \u2022 Read the ACE Accreditation guidance\n\n\n \n\nRead the guidance for 1.4 forward planning in section one (organisational\nhealth) of the \nAccreditation guidance documents. This is able as a free download from \nwww.artscouncil.org.uk/supporting-museums/accreditation-scheme\n\n\n# \u2022 Background research\n\n\n \n\nA little bit of background research might help give you some pointers on what\nareas to focus on. \nCheck your last Accreditation award outcome letter from Arts Council England\nas you may have a \nrelevant \u2018required action\u2019 or \u2018area of improvement\u2019 for 1.4. The wording of\nthis can be helpful as \nthe assessors can sometimes tailor this so you know what\u2019s needed. You might\neven find some \nbackground explanation in the letter itself. If not, don\u2019t worry!\n\n\n# \u2022 Statement of purpose\n\n\n \n\nThe assessing organisation will be looking to see how this relates back to the\nmuseum\u2019s \ngoverning document. For example you might simply reference your museum\u2019s\ncharitable \nobjectives or mission statement here. Don\u2019t forget to include this element as\nit\u2019s easily overlooked \nbut needs to be part of the approved forward plan.\n\n\n# \u2022 Review of previous plan\n\n\n \n\nSummarise any key achievements from your previous forward plan. Were there any\nareas which \nyou weren\u2019t able to progress as originally planned? These might be carried\nacross into your new \nforward plan. Alternatively it\u2019s a good idea to provide a brief note\nexplaining the reasons for any \nun-met aims and objectives of the previous plan. There\u2019s no need to provide\nlots of detail here and \nyou could consider including this as a supporting appendix.\n\n\n\u2022 Analysis of the wider environment and context\n\n\n \n\nThis is broader than the museum\u2019s environmental conditions! Think about any\nrisks to your \nmuseum\u2019s operating environment and consider your strengths and weaknesses as\nan \norganisation. A simple SWOT tool (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and\nthreats) can be a \nreally easy and effective way to cover this section.\n\n\n# \u2022 Consultation\n\n\n \n\nIt\u2019s a good idea to describe how you\u2019ve developed your forward plan within the\nplan itself. A brief \noverview of the process and description of who\u2019s been involved such as your\nstaff and volunteers, \nstakeholders and users and non-users is useful to include. You don\u2019t\nnecessarily need to buy-in \nconsultation support or market research here and there\u2019s lots that can be done\nin-house.\n\n\nS upporting appendices can be useful here for example you might wish to\ninclude notes from a \nfocus group meeting as background evidence for your plan.\n\n\nwww.sharemuseumseast.org.uk\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1853873, "type": "text", "content": "13 Review of purposes and practices\n\n\nThus, \ufb01nancial planning and control is an essential part of the overall \nmanagement process. Establishment of precisely what the \ufb01nancial con- \nstraints are and how the proposed operating plans will impact upon them are \na central part of the \ufb01nance function. This is generally undertaken by the \ndevelopment of \ufb01nancial plans1 that outline the \ufb01nancial outcomes that are \nnecessary for the organization to meet its commitments. Financial control \ncan be seen as the process by which such plans are monitored and necessary \ncorrective action proposed when signi\ufb01cant deviations are detected.\n\n\n \n\nThere are three main areas of focus for \ufb01nancial plans. Most basically, \ncash \ufb02ow planning is required to ensure that cash is available to meet the \npayments the organization is obliged to meet. Failure to manage cash \ufb02ows \nwill result in technical insolvency (the inability to meet payments when they \nare legally required to be made). For business organizations, the second \narea requiring attention is pro\ufb01tability, or the need to acquire resources \n(usually from revenues acquired by selling goods and services) at a greater \nrate than using them (usually represented by the costs of making payments \nto suppliers, employees and others). Although, over the life of an enterprise, \ntotal net cash \ufb02ow and total pro\ufb01t are essentially equal, this can mask the \nfact that, in the short term, they can be very different.2 Indeed, one of the \nmajor causes of failure for new small business enterprises is not that they \nare unpro\ufb01table but that the growth of pro\ufb01table activity has outstripped \nthe cash necessary to resource it. The major difference between pro\ufb01t and \ncash \ufb02ow is in the acquisition of capital assets (that is, items of equipment \nthat are bought and paid for immediately, but that have likely bene\ufb01ts \nstretching over a considerable future period) and timing differences \nbetween payments and receipts (requiring the provision of working capi- \ntal). This highlights the third area of focus, namely on assets and the \nprovision of \ufb01nance for their purchase. In accounting terms, the focus of \nattention is on the balance sheet, rather than the pro\ufb01t and loss account or \nthe cash \ufb02ow statement.\n\n\n \n\nIn overall terms, \ufb01nancial management therefore focuses on both the \nacquisition of \ufb01nancial resources on as favourable terms as possible and \nthe utilization of the assets that those \ufb01nancial resources have been used \nto purchase, as well as looking at the interaction between these two\nactivities.\n\n\n1 Such \ufb01nancial plans are often referred to as budgets and are widely used as\na means of management \ncontrol. However, this use is more concerned with management control than\n\ufb01nancial control, and \nwill be discussed in later sections. \n2 If \u201cclean surplus\u201d accounting is used, total net cash \ufb02ow and total pro\ufb01t\nare identical, in aggregate.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1813060, "type": "text", "content": " \n\n# Strategic - Way forward\n\n\n# Building \nCapability\n\n\n \n\n# Enhancing \nCapacity\n\n\nProfit \nOrientation\n\n\n \n\n# Liquidity \nManagement\n\n\n# Poised for Creating Value\n\n\n58\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1956, "type": "text", "content": "Norfolk Museums Service \nShirehall \nMarket Avenue \nNorwich \nNR1 3JQ \nTel: 01603 495881\n\n\n \n\n# Where can I get help?\n\n\nY our local Museum Development Officer (MDO). Visit our website at \nwww.sharemuseumseast.org.uk/local-links/ for contact details of your local\nMDO.\n\n\nA ccreditation advice through SHARE Museums East. Email\naccreditationeast@norfolk.gov.uk\n\n\n# Y our museum mentor (if applicable)\n\n\n \n\nY our Accreditation assessor \nOnce your return has been submitted and is assigned to an assessor they might\nget in touch with you \ndirectly with some assessment queries about your forward plan. This is very\ncommon so don\u2019t panic! \nThey may ask for additional information but if you\u2019re not sure what\u2019s needed\ndon\u2019t be afraid to ask. \nJust remember they are always looking to achieve the best possible outcome for\nyour museum. They \nwill be able to highlight which areas to focus on and can help you prioritise\nwhat\u2019s needed so you\u2019re \nready in time for the Accreditation Panel (the awarding body).\n\n\nRuth Burwood \nMuseum Development Project officer [Collections] and Accreditation Advisor \nSHARE Museums East \nruth.burwood@norfolk.gov.uk \nTelephone: 01603 493659\n\n\nwww.sharemuseumseast.org.uk\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2337141, "type": "text", "content": " \n\n# Strategic Financial Plan Purpose\n\n\n\u25aa Ensure that we are maximizing taxpayer dollars to fund priorities \naligned with the Future Ready 2023 strategic plan\n\n\n \n\n\u25aa Maintaining \ufb01scal responsibility and \ufb01nancial stability\n\n\n \n\n\u25aa Basis for planning the use of resources in a strategic manner over \nmultiple years, allowing for a phased approach to implementing \npriorities\n\n\n22\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1953, "type": "text", "content": "Norfolk Museums Service \nShirehall \nMarket Avenue \nNorwich \nNR1 3JQ \nTel: 01603 495881\n\n\n \n\nFORWARD PLANNING: some top tips for Accreditation success!\n\n\nYour forward plan isn\u2019t just for Accreditation- it should be a user-friendly,\nworking document that \nenables you to identify and share your goals, and the measures to achieve\nthem. The Accreditation \nStandard states that effective, resilient organisations plan both for long-\nterm success and to make \nsure they can adapt and survive in a changing environment.\n\n\nThere are a range of templates available to help you with your forward\nplanning. There is no \nstandard approach or single template for Accreditation and you are encouraged\nto develop your own \nlocal plan so long as the key Accreditation requirements are met.\n\n\n \n\nAll Accredited museums must have a current forward plan that covers:\n\n\n\u2022 The museum\u2019s statement of purpose \n\u2022 A review of the previous forward plan \n\u2022 An analysis of the wider environment and context, such as a SWOT analysis \n\u2022 Consultation with key stakeholders \n\u2022 Key aiims which reflect the 3 areas of Accreditation \n\u2022 Specific objectives beneath each key aim \n\u2022 Steps to achieve these objectives \n\u2022 A resource plan \n\u2022 A date for next review\n\n\n# Quick checklist\n\n\n# Does your plan have:\n\n\nwww.sharemuseumseast.org.uk\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}]	Compare the essential elements of a forward plan to determine which elements involve both financial and strategic planning.	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 147, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["tabular reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 126162, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='0' style='font-size:20px'>Winnall Flats newsletter<br>Spring 2019</h1>\n<br><h1 id='1' style='font-size:22px'>New homes in Winnall</h1>\n<figure><img id='2' style='font-size:16px' alt=\"Temporary\nparking\nID badges\nenclosed\nSketch of proposed development at Winnall Flats\" data-coord=\"top-left:(27,427); bottom-right:(1229,988)\" /></figure>\n<p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Since summer 2018, Winchester City Council has been looking into developing new homes on the car<br>park at Winnall Flats. We are keen that any development also improves the area for existing residents.<br>Two community consultations have taken place so far and we will continue to keep you updated on any<br>progress and involved in this process.</p>\n<br><p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Thank you to those of you who joined us on 29 November 2018 (on the bus, in the rain!) We met residents<br>from all blocks \u2013 it was helpful to hear your views and explore ideas about improving the area.</p>\n<br><p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>We hope you like the sketch above which architects at T2 have produced showing what the site might<br>look like when completed. We wanted to show the proposed buildings in relation to the existing flats \u2013 as<br>you can see the new blocks will not be as high. We are keen to improve landscaping around the site; the<br>design team includes a landscape architect who is proposing changes particularly in the area to the south of<br>Craddock House where the road will be diverted.</p>\n<br><p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>To keep the area as green as possible we have included green rooftops on the new buildings and car ports.<br>We are also considering improvements to the entrances of existing blocks so have shown these on the<br>illustration. The proposals are still very much at the early stages so please let us know what you think (good<br>and bad) by emailing newhomes@winchester.gov.uk or calling New Homes on 01962 848 383 \u2013 we look<br>forward to hearing from you.</p>\n<br><figure><img id='7' style='font-size:18px' alt=\"winchester.gov.uk\" data-coord=\"top-left:(6,1558); bottom-right:(1263,1714)\" /></figure>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1382217, "type": "text", "content": "# Social Benefits of Green Buildings\n\n\n \n\nHowever, it is important to keep the spatial nature \nof these benefits in mind. Living Buildings placed \nupstream of a salmon rearing area could have salmon \nbenefits if they recharge groundwater and increase \nlow-flow water levels for salmon, as well as providing \ngreater groundwater sourced drinking water. A \ngreen building located on the waterfront of Puget \nSound that recharges groundwater may contribute to \nimproving groundwater in the near-shore territories, \nbut will not contribute meaningfully to groundwater \nsalmon restoration benefits. \nOverall, accounting for the cost-avoidance of energy \nefficiency, water conservation, groundwater recharge, \nstorm water conveyance and other ecosystem \nservices is a very promising approach.5; 6 Although \nnot sufficiently applied to ecosystem services, cost \navoidance is recognized by traditional appraisal and \naccounting methods.\n\n\nMoving beyond typical environmental benefits \nwithin the built environment, research shows that \ngreen buildings provide communities with a variety \nof social benefits as well. These benefits include \nimproved occupant health and productivity gains, \nincreased comfort, a sense of place, and enhanced \ntransportation accessibility. It is critically important \nthat these social benefits be included along with \nenvironmental benefits in an Integrated Real Estate \nInvestment Modeling Tool. Social benefits are likely \nto be similar in magnitude to environmental benefits \nand have the advantage of appealing to different \nconstituencies than environmental benefits. Existing \nvaluation methodologies from ecological economics, \nas shown in Table 2, can be effectively applied to \nestimate the value of these social benefits over time.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 507341, "type": "text", "content": "# New Construction\n\n\nT here are a variety of energy-efficient \nmethods that have been developed to \nguide green construction of new \nbuildings. The two most commonly used \nfor green design and construction are \nthe US Green Building Council\u2019s (USGB) \nLeadership in Energy & Environmental \nDesign (LEED) and US Environmental \nProtection Agency\u2019s (EPA) Energy Star\u00ae \nProgram. Each standard provides a \nframework which must meet strict \nenergy efficiency guidelines for \ncertification.23\n\n\n \n\nS ome important considerations in green \ndesign and construction projects that \nare common among all methods include \nconsiderations about the scope of the \nentire project as a whole, from site planning and design, sustainable\nconstruction \n(minimizing energy and material waste throughout the building cycle),\nefficient design of \nthe building envelope, consideration of environmental air and light quality to\nmaximize \nhealth and utilization of solar and other renewable on-site technologies for\nelectricity and \nheating.24\n\n\nN et Zero Construction, also known as zero energy building, is the process of\nconstructing a \nhighly energy-efficient home which supplies an energy output to the grid equal\nto the \namount of energy required for the house system management. This typically\nrequires that \nrenewable on-site resources are available to supply more than half of the\nenergy to the \nhouse and that zero-energy and renewable energy concepts are integrated into\nthe design \nand site plan. Because this is not easily achieved, there are not too many of\nthese buildings \nconstructed at this time, but continued advances in the renewable energy\nsector may \nprovide greater opportunities for this to be achieved more easily in the\nfuture.\n\n\n23 \nhttp://www.usgbc.org/leed \n24 \nhttp://www.epa.gov/oaintrnt/projects/policy.htm\n\n\nUVLSRPC Regional Plan 2015 \u2013 Energy-Efficient Communities\n\n\n \n8-13\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 126163, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='8' style='font-size:20px'>Parking</h1>\n<p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>We understand that car parking is a real concern<br>at Winnall Flats and we want to ensure that we<br>provide sufficient parking spaces for residents.<br>We will be undertaking further parking surveys<br>to inform how much parking is provided, see<br>below.</p>\n<br><h1 id='10' style='font-size:16px'>The plan is to:</h1>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 Provide enough parking to meet the needs of<br>current residents and new residents</p>\n<p id='12' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 Locate smaller parking areas closer to blocks<br>(making it easier to park nearer to your home)<br>as well as a larger area to replace the garages<br>to the east of Earle House</p>\n<p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Initially though we need to fully understand the<br>current demand for parking at different times<br>of the day and week, and to see the impact<br>of non-residents using the car park. So we are<br>organising a parking survey that will involve<br>multiple visits to assess the parking situation and<br>count vehicles.</p>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>To help us with this \u2013 so we know which vehicles<br>belong to residents and which don\u2019t \u2013 please<br>place one of the temporary parking ID badges<br>(attached to this newsletter) in your vehicle. If<br>you have more than one car in your household,<br>please put one in each vehicle \u2013 additional<br>badges are available from our City Offices if you<br>have more than two vehicles in your household.<br>Please call 01962 848 383 or email<br>newhomes@winchester.gov.uk to request</p>\n<br><p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>additional residents\u2019 parking badges. We have<br>also included a visitors parking badge so any<br>legitimate visitors\u2019 cars can be identified. The<br>survey will take place during June, July and<br>August so please ensure badges are displayed<br>during this period. Please help us to get the<br>parking provision right, and identify cars that<br>should not be using your car park, by placing<br>badges in your windscreens for the duration of<br>the survey.</p>\n<p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Internal<br>improvements</p>\n<p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>It was useful to hear what you would like to<br>see improved in your flats and in communal<br>areas of blocks. Lift breakdowns, communal<br>decoration and internal windows/doors all<br>featured in discussions about areas that<br>could benefit from improvement. We remain<br>committed to improving internal areas of<br>the existing Winnall Flats alongside any<br>development of new homes on the car<br>park. This would be done as part of the<br>planned maintenance of the flats which is<br>programmed over the coming years and<br>includes replacing communal doors. We<br>hope to improve the communal entrance<br>areas to the flats as part of the proposed<br>improvements to the areas around the estate.</p>\n<table id='18' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>You said...</td><td>We did...</td></tr><tr><td>No more information / consultation events until there are more developed plans to show us.</td><td>Sent this newsletter to keep you updated until we have more developed plans to share.</td></tr><tr><td>Parking is a problem with people working on the industrial estate parking in the car park.</td><td>Organised a parking survey to understand the demand for parking at different times.</td></tr><tr><td>We liked it when there was someone based at Winnall Flats to fix maintenance problems quicker.</td><td>Exploring with Housing Management about having an office on site in the community hub.</td></tr></table>\n<footer id='19' style='font-size:14px'>WINNALL FLATS NEWSLETTER SPRING 2019</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 126165, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='31' style='font-size:18px'>Temporary parking ID<br>badges</h1>\n<p id='32' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>1. Tear along the perforation to detach the badge.</p>\n<p id='33' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>2. Please ensure you place one of the temporary<br>parking ID badges in your vehicle.</p>\n<p id='34' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>3. If you have more than one car in your household,<br>please put one in each vehicle.</p>\n<p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Additional badges are available from our City<br>Offices if you have more than two vehicles in<br>your household.</p>\n<h1 id='36' style='font-size:18px'>Temporary parking ID<br>badges</h1>\n<p id='37' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>1. Tear along the perforation to detach the badge.</p>\n<p id='38' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>2. Please ensure you place one of the temporary<br>parking ID badges in your vehicle.</p>\n<p id='39' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>3. If you have more than one car in your household,<br>please put one in each vehicle.</p>\n<p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Additional badges are available from our City<br>Offices if you have more than two vehicles in<br>your household.</p>\n<h1 id='41' style='font-size:18px'>Temporary parking ID<br>badges</h1>\n<p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>1. Tear along the perforation to detach the badge.</p>\n<p id='43' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>2. Please ensure you place one of the temporary<br>parking ID badges in your vehicle.</p>\n<p id='44' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>3. If you have more than one car in your household,<br>please put one in each vehicle.</p>\n<p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Additional badges are available from our City<br>Offices if you have more than two vehicles in<br>your household.</p>\n<br><h1 id='46' style='font-size:22px'>THINGS TO DO</h1>\n<p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Look at front page sketch<br>and tell us what you think<br>about new entrances, layout<br>changes etc.</p>\n<p id='48' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022</p>\n<br><p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Let us know what you think<br>about the ideas of a hub<br>and an enhanced estate<br>service.</p>\n<p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022</p>\n<br><p id='51' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Start using the attached<br>permits.</p>\n<p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Email<br>newhomes@winchester.gov.uk or<br>call 01962 848 383 to tell us what<br>you think.</p>\n<h1 id='53' style='font-size:20px'>HOW TO CONTACT US</h1>\n<p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Winchester City Council<br>City Offices, Colebrook Street,<br>Winchester, Hampshire SO23 9LJ<br>Tel: 01962 840 222<br>Email: newhomes@winchester.gov.uk<br>Website: www.winchester.gov.uk</p>\n<p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Opening Hours</p>\n<br><p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Monday to Thursday: 9am to 5pm<br>Fridays: 9am to 4.30pm</p>\n<p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Alternatively you may contact<br>New Homes directly on</p>\n<br><p id='58' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Tel: 01962 848 383</p>\n<p id='59' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>facebook.com/WinchesterTenants</p>\n<p id='60' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>@WinchesterCity</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2559521, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='16' style='font-size:20px'>Building a greener campus</h1>\n<br><p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>A couple of times a week, landscape architecture Assistant Professor<br>David Hopman takes visitors atop the six-story Life Science Building.<br>The view is nice, but it\u2019s not the main attraction. They are there to see<br>the University\u2019s award-winning green roof.</p>\n<figure><img id='18' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(93,288); bottom-right:(319,598)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Green roofs are common in<br>Europe and a few U.S. cities. They<br>minimize soil, require little irrigation<br>and use low-maintenance plants.<br>Environmental benefits include<br>reduced water runoff, better air quality<br>and lower heating and cooling costs<br>for buildings.</p>\n<br><p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Hopman, chair of the landscaping<br>and habitat work group, says the<br>idea at UT Arlington originated with<br>School of Urban and Public Affairs<br>doctoral student Kent Hurst. When<br>Hopman began researching the<br>project, he found a dearth of expertise.</p>\n<br><p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Assistant Professor David Hopman<br>says the green roof test site atop<br>the Life Science Building is yielding<br>valuable data about soils and plants. \u201cNobody in North Central Texas<br>really knew how to do it, though there<br>is a relatively new extensive green roof near the Lady Bird Johnson<br>Wildflower Center near Austin,\u201d he said.</p>\n<br><p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>He wrote everybody he could find who had worked on such<br>projects and in the process located two vendors willing to donate most<br>of the materials\u2014about $10,000 worth of soil, plants, roofing and<br>irrigation supplies. More than 50 campus volunteers helped install the<br>green roof last spring.</p>\n<br><p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>\u201cIt has already given us a lot of data,\u201d Hopman said. \u201cWe have two<br>soil systems up there, 29 species of plants, two roofing systems and all<br>kinds of monitoring equipment. We won\u2019t know for another year or<br>two which of the plants will be able to survive the extreme hot weather,<br>extended wet spells, wind and hard freezes. But thus far only three<br>plant species have crashed and burned.</p>\n<br><p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>\u201cAfter two years we\u2019ll be able to tell people with more confidence<br>what will and will not work with green roof construction. By removing<br>the risk and providing a definitive example, we will greatly increase the<br>probability of many other green roofs being installed in this region.\u201d</p>\n<br><p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Still in the planning stages, another Hopman-led initiative would<br>redevelop Trading House Creek between UTA Boulevard and Greek<br>Row. These are the headwaters of the tributary that fronts the campus</p>\n<br><p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>\u201cWe are working to make sustainability part<br>of the fabric of the University.\u201d</p>\n<p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>on the north side of Mitchell Street before heading east a half-mile to<br>join Johnson Creek, a federally impaired waterway, and then north<br>to the Trinity River. When it rains, the creek fills quickly from runoff,<br>expanding a bit each time.</p>\n<br><p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Hopman and students in his landscape architecture design classes<br>will look at widening the creek and creating multiple small areas to<br>catch and hold water, thereby reducing soil erosion.</p>\n<br><p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>\u201cRight now on most of the campus during rains, we go from green<br>(water falling on grassy or wooded areas before it drains) to gray, water<br>flowing to concrete,\u201d he said. \u201cFor this project we will study reversing<br>that, so the water goes from concrete to green.\u201d</p>\n<br><p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>A third highly visible sustainability effort is construction of the<br>Engineering Research Building (ERB) near Cooper Street and UTA<br>Boulevard. The building will provide 234,000 square feet of space for<br>labs, classrooms, offices and conference rooms and house the College<br>of Engineering\u2019s Computer Science and Bioengineering departments.<br>Scheduled for completion in early 2011, the ERB is the campus\u2019 first<br>building to seek LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental<br>Design) Silver Certification.</p>\n<figure><img id='31' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(691,503); bottom-right:(1256,1155)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Students in Hopman\u2019s landscape architecture classes are studying the possibility of<br>redeveloping Trading House Creek between UTA Boulevard and Greek Row.</p>\n<p id='33' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>\u201cThe carbon footprint analysis concluded that much of the<br>emissions are coming from our buildings, so it is imperative that we<br>think of sustainability in our building efforts,\u201d said John Hall, vice<br>president for administration and campus operations. \u201cWe must push<br>the envelope to do more related to sustainability.\u201d</p>\n<br><p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The ERB will feature light-reflecting and green-roof surfaces to keep<br>internal temperatures down, windows and shading that reduce the need</p>\n<footer id='35' style='font-size:14px'>12 UT ARLINGTON MAGAZINE SpRING 2009</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3532610, "type": "text", "content": "# SITE EXAMPLE 4\n\n\n# This property consists of just a building with no\n\n\n \n\n# available open areas.\n\n\n \n\nGreen roofs can be quite expensive, but in some cases\n\n\n \n\nmay be the best option for handling stormwater. They\n\n\n \n\ncan also be beautiful and make a bold statement about\n\n\n \n\nyour company\u2019s commitment to being eco-friendly.\n\n\n \n\nStudies have demonstrated that exposure to natural\n\n\n \n\nspaces reduces mental fatigue and can have relaxing\n\n\n \n\neffects. Research has revealed that office workers with\n\n\n \n\na view of natural settings were happier, healthier, and\n\n\n \n\n# had lower stress levels.7\n\n\n \n\nReplacing the existing roof is a portion of the cost of\n\n\n \n\ngreen roof installation. If your roof is aging, the\n\n\n \n\nadditional cost of adding a green roof during roof\n\n\n \n\nreplacement may be lower than costs presented in\n\n\n \n\n\u2018Biggest Bang for the Buck\u2019 section on page 16.\n\n\n \n\n# T ABLE OF CONTENTS\n\n\n7 \u2013 Kaplan S. The Restorative Benefits of Nature: Toward an Integrative\nFramework.\n\n\n \n\nStormwater Management Practices\n\n\nJournal of Environmental Psychology 15 (1995): 169-182.\n\n\n24 Illustration by Frank McShane 1\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2555660, "type": "text", "content": "# Green Design Trends: The New Green Standard\n\n\nASHRAE releases Standard 189.1 for high performance green buildings.\n\n\nShareThis\n\n\nBy Martha G. VanGeem, PE, LEED\u00ae AP \nPublished in the April 2010 issue of Today's Facility Manager\n\n\n \n\n# Anew\n\n\n \n\nstandard for the design of high performance green buildings is set to\nrevolutionize the building industry. Published by the American\n\n\nSociety of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), in\nconjunction with the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America \n(IES) and the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), Standard 189.1, Standard\nfor the Design of High Performance, Green Buildings Except Low- \nRise Residential Buildings, is the first code intended commercial green\nbuilding standard in the country.\n\n\nConsensus\n\n\nThe new standard was developed over 3.5 years using the ASHRAE consensus\nprocess. Many federal agencies, state agencies, and local \njurisdictions prefer to adopt consensus standards\u2014those developed using ANSI\nprocedures. (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, also \nknown as LEED, is not an ANSI consensus standard.)\n\n\nStandard 189.1 was controversial because of its effects on the environment and\nthe effects on a particular organization or industry. The committee \nwas required to reach consensus on how far to reach on any particular\nenvironmental issue and on whether the criteria were reasonable and \nenforceable.\n\n\n.Minimum Requirements\n\n\nAnother difference between LEED and 189.1 is that 189.1 is not a point system.\nInstead, it provides minimum requirements that must be met.\n\n\nA frequent approach to meeting point systems is to garner as many of the least\nexpensive points as possible. For standard 189.1, all of the mandatory \nrequirements must be met, and then either the prescriptive or performance\nrequirements must be met.\n\n\nT he prescriptive requirements specify a relatively simple method for showing\ncompliance that generally involves little or no calculations. The \nperformance path specifies an alternate method for showing compliance that is\ntypically more complex than the prescriptive path.\n\n\nUnlike a point system, where certain points can be avoided, standard 189.1\nrequires that criteria in all areas be met. The standard allows some \nchoices and flexibility in the form of alternative paths or exceptions.\n\n\nHighlights Summarized\n\n\nExamples of major criteria as well as criteria based on new concepts not\nincluded in LEED are presented in the following summary.\n\n\nSite sustainability. This chapter provides criteria to minimize suburban\nsprawl, protect environmentally sensitive areas, mitigate heat island effects, \nmanage on-site storm water control by using pervious surfaces, retaining\nnative plantings, and minimizing light pollution. A new criterion is a \nrequirement for shade on a portion of east or west walls, or a minimum Solar\nReflective Index (SRI) requirement for these walls.\n\n\nWater efficiency. This chapter provides maximum site and building water use\nrequirements. Some fixtures need to meet the U.S. EPA \nWaterSense requirements.\n\n\nMeasurement of large sources of water use is required. A new criterion is the\nrequirement that 60% of altered (improved) landscape has to include \nplantings other than turf.\n\n\nEnergy efficiency. This chapter includes requirements for the building\nenvelope, mechanical equipment, ventilation, lighting, peak load reduction,\nand \nrenewable energy. New criteria include the use of ENERGY STARequipment, when\navailable.\n\n\nAnother new criterion is a requirement to turn off plug loads (e.g.,\ntelevisions and lights) in empty motel/hotel guest rooms. This chapter has the\ngoal \nof saving 30% energy on average (compared to ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 for all\nbuildings in all climates).\n\n\nI ndoor environmental quality. This chapter includes minimum requirements for\nindoor air quality (IAQ), thermal comfort (portions of ASHRAE Standard \n55), acoustical control, and daylighting (skylights) under large roofs and\nside lighting (windows) for classrooms and offices. Shading is required in \noffice buildings to prevent glare.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 126164, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='20' style='font-size:18px'>Hub</h1>\n<p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Half of you were keen on the idea of a<br>community hub and half of you weren\u2019t,<br>but those who were mostly wanted this<br>to be for residents of the flats and not the<br>wider community. Suggestions included<br>using a community hub as somewhere<br>local clubs could run activities for children<br>as well as providing somewhere safe for<br>them to play and a venue for community<br>events. Others though consider there<br>are already adequate facilities like this<br>locally for everyone in the community and<br>thought a community hub could lead to<br>antisocial behaviour.</p>\n<p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The community hub is something we are<br>still considering as part of our plan to<br>develop the area around Winnall Flats.<br>But given the mixed response we want to<br>ensure that if this goes ahead we get it<br>right for residents of the flats and create<br>a useful space that everyone can use and<br>enjoy. Watch this space\u2026</p>\n<h1 id='23' style='font-size:16px'>Enhanced<br>estates service</h1>\n<p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Discussion around an enhanced estate<br>management service was generally positive<br>\u2013 most people we spoke to said they would<br>be willing to pay a bit more to for a higher<br>level of service in this area. Discussion<br>around what an \u2018enhanced service\u2019 might<br>look like included more frequent cleaning<br>and having staff based on site. Having a<br>staff office base at Winnall Flats \u2013 that<br>could be located in the community hub \u2013 is<br>something we will take forward and discuss<br>with housing management. However this is<br>likely to result in higher service charges for<br>everyone. We will work out how much we<br>will need to charge and ask people whether<br>they are happy to pay this before we make<br>any changes to the service.</p>\n<br><h1 id='25' style='font-size:22px'>RESIDENT</h1>\n<h1 id='26' style='font-size:20px'>Winnall Flats<br>Parking badge</h1>\n<h1 id='27' style='font-size:22px'>RESIDENT</h1>\n<h1 id='28' style='font-size:20px'>Winnall Flats<br>Parking badge</h1>\n<p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>VISITOR</p>\n<p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Winnall Flats<br>Parking badge</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 657291, "type": "html", "content": "<br><p id='14' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>\u2022 Cleaner Water\u2014Vegetation, green space and water re-use reduce the volumes<br>of stormwater runoff and, in combined systems, the volume of combined sewer<br>overflows, as well as reduce concentrations of pollutants in those discharges.<br>\u2022 Enhanced Water Supplies\u2014Most green infiltration approaches involve allow-<br>ing stormwater to percolate through the soil where it recharges the ground-<br>water and the base flow for streams, thus ensuring adequate water supplies<br>for humans and more stable aquatic ecosystems. In addition, capturing and<br>using stormwater conserves water supplies.<br>\u2022 Reduced fooding\u2014Green infrastructure both controls surface flooding and sta-<br>bilizes the hydrology so that peak stream flows are reduced.<br>\u2022 Cleaner Air\u2014Trees and vegetation improve air quality by filtering many air-<br>borne pollutants and can help reduce the amount of respiratory illness. Green<br>infrastructure approaches that facilitate shorter commute distances and the<br>ability to walk to destinations also reduce vehicle emissions.<br>\u2022 Reduced Urban Temperatures\u2014Summer city temperatures can average 10\u00b0F<br>higher than nearby suburban temperatures. High temperatures are also<br>linked to higher ground level ozone concentrations. Vegetation creates shade,<br>reduces the amount of heat absorbing materials and emits water vapor\u2014all<br>of which cool hot air. Limiting impervious surface, using light colored imper-<br>vious surfaces (e.g., porous concrete), and vegetating roofs also mitigate urban<br>temperatures.<br>\u2022 Moderated Impacts of Climate Change\u2014Climate change impacts and effects<br>vary regionally, but green infrastructure techniques provide adaptation bene-<br>fits for a wide array of circumstances, by conserving and re-using water, pro-<br>moting groundwater recharge, reducing surface water discharges that could<br>contribute to flooding. In addition, there are mitigation benefits such as re-<br>duced energy demands and carbon sequestration by vegetation.<br>\u2022 Increased Energy Efficiency\u2014Green space helps lower ambient temperatures<br>and, when incorporated on and around buildings, helps shade and insulate<br>buildings from wide temperature swings, decreasing the energy needed for<br>heating and cooling. Also energy use associated with pumping and treating<br>is reduced as stormwater is diverted from wastewater collection, conveyance<br>and treatment systems. Energy efficiency not only reduces costs, but also re-<br>duces generation of greenhouse gases.<br>\u2022 Source Water Protection\u2014Green infrastructure practices provide pollutant re-<br>moval benefits, thereby providing some protection for both ground water and<br>surface water sources of drinking water. In addition, green infrastructure pro-<br>vides groundwater recharge benefits by putting stormwater back into the<br>ground and enhances surface water quality by redirecting the high volume<br>and velocity flows that scour streams and muddy drinking water sources.<br>\u2022 Wildlife Habitat\u2014Stream buffers, wetlands, parks, meadows, green roofs, and<br>rain gardens increase biodiversity within the urban environment.<br>\u2022 Community Benefits\u2014Trees and plants improve urban aesthetics and commu-<br>nity livability by providing recreational and wildlife areas. Studies show that</p>\n<p id='15' data-category='footnote' style='font-size:14px'>4 http://www.nrdc.org/water/pollution/rooftops/contents.asp</p>\n<p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>VerDate 11-MAY-2000 15:01 Aug 30, 2009 Jkt 047553 PO 00000 Frm 00072 Fmt 6601 Sfmt 6621 C:\\DWORK\\FULL09\\030409\\47553 SCIENCE1 PsN: SCIENCE1</p>\n<br><footer id='17' style='font-size:20px'>68</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Considering the potential environmental benefits discussed, what could be a rationale for having green rooftops on new buildings?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 150, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["format reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 3188834, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='33' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Linkwitz</p>\n<br><header id='34' style='font-size:14px'>Rendering Stereo in the ITD-Range</header>\n<p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The delay is 263 \u03bcs for a sphere of 17.5 cm diameter<br>and 300 sound incidence, Figure 3. The delay of 263 \u03bcs<br>will be used in the rendering model of Figure 6 for an<br>analysis of phantom source placement between two<br>loudspeakers, when the direct sound arrives from +/-300<br>at the listener\u2019s ears. The principles involved with level<br>panning and time panning of a mono signal and with the<br>spatial rendering of stereo signals will be explained.</p>\n<p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>R endering of high frequency signals, in the ILD range<br>of hearing, follows more intricate principles. Those<br>signals pull towards left or right loudspeakers, unless<br>the loudspeakers have wide dispersion. ITD in<br>combination with head turning confirmation tends to<br>dominate phantom source positioning on program<br>material.</p>\n<h1 id='37' style='font-size:14px'>2. RENDERING IN A REVERBERANT SPACE</h1>\n<p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>How a recording is rendered, the aural scene created in<br>the listener\u2019s mind, depends upon the characteristics of<br>the loudspeakers used, their placement relative to large<br>surfaces in the room, the room\u2019s acoustic properties and<br>the listener-and-loudspeaker configuration.</p>\n<h1 id='39' style='font-size:14px'>2.1. Live vs. amplified voice</h1>\n<p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>When recorded anechoic voice is played back over a<br>single loudspeaker we usually recognize that it is not<br>live. This might be due to volume level and acoustic<br>quality. Volume can be easily adjusted to a realistic<br>level. Misleading aural cues from frequency response<br>and radiation pattern of the loudspeaker can be<br>minimized. Also loudspeaker cabinet resonances and<br>driver non-linear distortion must be kept low. The off-<br>axis frequency response is the most difficult parameter<br>to control. It determines where and how the room<br>responds to the loudspeaker. If the response differs from<br>that of a real human voice, then we know it was a<br>loudspeaker. We readily recognize the nature of human<br>voice in different surroundings.</p>\n<p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>2.2. Withdrawing attention from room and<br>loudspeakers</p>\n<p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Radiation from a loudspeaker inevitably causes<br>reflections, reverberation and room modes, Figure 4. If<br>room surfaces are highly absorptive, then the indirect</p>\n<br><p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>sounds will decay quickly. Mixing studios are built<br>acoustically dead for analytical work. They are not<br>considered to be ideal places for music enjoyment.<br>Home listening environments are usually more live,<br>which means that reflections, modes and reverberation<br>may interfere with the rendering of the aural scene, if<br>inappropriately excited by the loudspeakers.</p>\n<figure><img id='44' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(651,339); bottom-right:(1126,581)\" /></figure>\n<p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Figure 4 A single source S and two objects in a<br>rectangular room. Initial wall reflections and diffraction<br>by the objects (B), which over time lead to the<br>reverberant sound field (C)</p>\n<p id='46' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>We have found that loudspeakers should be placed at<br>least 1 m from large reflecting surfaces. Reflections are<br>then delayed by at least 6 ms, which allocates them<br>perceptually to sound streams that are separate from the<br>direct loudspeaker sound. Furthermore, if the<br>loudspeaker has a frequency independent polar pattern,<br>such as omni-directional (monopole), bi-directional<br>(dipole) or cardioid, then the delayed room reflections<br>are essentially copies of the direct sound or modified in<br>a familiar way. Under these conditions the brain can<br>withdraw attention from the room, which adds<br>redundant and not misleading information to the direct<br>sound, and focus on the information contained in the<br>direct sound [7].</p>\n<p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>A single loudspeaker is difficult to hide aurally, but<br>when two loudspeakers produce phantom sources, then<br>attention can be drawn away from them. Again, their<br>polar response is critical, assuming that non-linear<br>effects, energy storage and cabinet diffraction have been<br>minimized.</p>\n<p id='48' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>2.3. Optimum listening distance</p>\n<p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The direct sound level from a loudspeaker decreases<br>inversely with distance, Figure 5. The reverberant<br>sound level in the room builds up and reaches</p>\n<footer id='50' style='font-size:18px'>AES 133rd Convention, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2012 October 26\u201329</footer>\n<br><footer id='51' style='font-size:14px'>Page 3 of 13</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3540846, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='63' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>TOOLE</p>\n<br><p id='64' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>PAPERS</p>\n<figure data-category='chart'><img id='65' style='font-size:16px' alt=\"10\n(a) Anechoic loudspeaker\n(dB) (dB) measurements.\nLevel Level 0\non axis\n30\u00ba to 45\u00ba off axis\nRelative \u221210\nSound\n60\u00ba to 75\u00ba off axis\n\u221220\n20 50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k\n20\n(b) Estimates of sounds\narriving at the listening\nlocation in a specific\n(dB) 10\nroom.\nPredicted room curve\nLevel (shifted +10 dB)\n0\nRelative -10\nDirect sound (on axis)\nEarly\u2013reflected sound from\nfloor, ceiling and side walls\nTotal sound energy in room\n-20\n20 50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k = RT-modified sound power\n(dB) 10\n(c) Measured room curves\naveraged over listening\nLevel 0\narea, for three loudspeaker\nlocations.\nRelative \u221210\nPredicted room curve\nfrom (b)\n20 50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k\nDirect (d) The major components\nDirect\nof the sound field at the\nDREFLECTIONS Reflections Reflections listening location in a\n+ EARLY REFLECTIONS\nDDREFLECTIONS\nEARLY\nREFLECTIONS\n+\nDIRECT Direct + Early\nDIRECT\n+\nEarly\nDirect\ntypical domestic room or\nhome theater.\nREFLECTIONS Power Power\nSound\nREFLECTIONS\nSound\n20 50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k\" data-coord=\"top-left:(172,77); bottom-right:(1027,989)\" /></figure>\n<br><caption id='66' style='font-size:18px'>Fig. 4. Predictions of the direct and reflected sound fields in a room from a set of anechoic measurements on a loudspeaker. Descriptions<br>are in the Figure and in the text. Data from [9] Part 2.</caption>\n<p id='67' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022</p>\n<br><p id='68' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>by the loudspeaker modified by the geometry and<br>frequency-dependent reflectivity of the room. In an<br>acoustically dead room, the room curve will be iden-<br>tical to the on-axis response of the loudspeaker. As<br>reflections within the room increase, the room curve<br>will rise towards the predicted room curve, as the off-<br>axis sounds add to the result. The bass and midrange<br>sound levels will build up over a short time interval,<br>affecting what is measured and heard. At very high<br>frequencies the direct sound becomes progressively<br>dominant. Therefore with no knowledge of the loud-<br>speaker, and no knowledge of the room acoustical<br>properties, a steady-state room curve conveys am-<br>biguous information.<br>In normal rooms the on-axis frequency response is<br>not the dominant physical factor. However, the di-<br>rect sound has a high priority in perception, estab-</p>\n<br><p id='69' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>lishing a reference to which later arrivals are com-</p>\n<br><p id='70' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022</p>\n<br><p id='71' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>pared in determining such important perceptions as<br>precedence effect (localization), spatial effects, and<br>timbre. In this example, the poor off-axis perfor-<br>mance dominated the in-room measurements and<br>in listening tests caused audible timbral degrada-<br>tion. Equalization of the room curve will destroy<br>the only good performance in the loudspeaker\u2014the<br>on-axis/direct sound response. Equalization cannot<br>change loudspeaker directivity; the remedy is a bet-<br>ter loudspeaker. Adequate anechoic data on the loud-<br>speaker would have revealed the problem in advance<br>of measurements or listening.<br>Below the transition/Schroeder frequency the room<br>resonances and the associated standing waves are<br>the dominant factors in what is measured and heard.<br>These are unique to each room and are strongly<br>location-dependent. Only on-site measurements can<br>reveal what is happening and different loudspeaker</p>\n<footer id='72' style='font-size:14px'>516</footer>\n<br><footer id='73' style='font-size:14px'>J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 63, No. 7/8, 2015 July/August</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3540847, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='74' style='font-size:14px'>PAPERS</h1>\n<br><header id='75' style='font-size:14px'>MEASUREMENT AND CALIBRATION OF SOUND REPRODUCING SYSTEMS</header>\n<p id='76' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>and listener locations will result in different bass<br>sound quality and quantity.</p>\n<br><p id='77' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>\u2022 In domestic listening rooms and home theaters or in<br>any acoustically well-damped room like a cinema,<br>traditional diffuse reverberation is significantly ab-<br>sent. As discussed in [2] the sound fields in low-<br>reverberation rooms are different from those de-<br>scribed in classical acoustics.</p>\n<p id='78' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Different sound sources in different rooms will change<br>the pattern of sound fields shown in Fig. 4(d), moving the<br>transition regions up or down the frequency scale, but the<br>basic principles hold. Cinemas and dubbing stages vary,<br>and the SMPTE B-chain report [4] gives a small sample of<br>what can be expected with typical loudspeakers and acous-<br>tical treatment. As a crude generalization, at low frequen-<br>cies there is evidence of significant room reflection and<br>adjacent-boundary effects. From about 200 Hz to around<br>600\u20131000 Hz the energetic sound events happen within<br>about the first 50 ms\u2014listeners are exposed to direct plus<br>a few early-reflected sounds. Above this, for the top three<br>octaves or more, the direct sound is the dominant factor.</p>\n<h1 id='79' style='font-size:18px'>2.4 \u201cRoom Equalization\u201d Is a Misnomer</h1>\n<br><p id='80' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>It is a bold assertion that a single steady-state measure-<br>ment in a room\u2014a room curve\u2014can reliably anticipate<br>human response to a complex sound field. Such measure-<br>ments take no account of the direction or timing of reflec-<br>tions within the sound field. Time-windowing the measure-<br>ment is useful to separate events in the time domain, but<br>these too ignore the directions from which sounds arrive.<br>Human listeners respond to these cues, in some detail, and<br>they exhibit skills in separating room sound from the tim-<br>bral identity of loudspeakers, and in adapting to different<br>circumstances. This is, after all, what happens at live, un-<br>amplified, musical events. This means that not everything<br>measured is perceptually important, nor can our reaction to<br>such sound fields be constant, we adapt (see [1] chapters<br>5\u201311, and section 11.3.1, and [2] section 2.5). The simple<br>measurements therefore cannot be definitive.</p>\n<br><p id='81' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Assuming that we had a credible target for a room curve,<br>not all irregularities seen in it indicate the presence of a<br>problem. If a problem is thought to exist, the visual cues do<br>not lead unambiguously to a cause, and therefore to the ap-<br>propriate remedy, as was seen in Fig. 4 and the accompany-<br>ing discussion. The advent of DSP brought with it many ex-<br>plorations of what could be done when the starting point is a<br>measurement in a room that is dominated by non-minimum-<br>phase acoustical interference. Genereux [10] provides a<br>good perspective on early efforts, and Fielder [11] pro-<br>vides a detailed analysis of other approaches. The results<br>are mixed, with substantial limitations being found to what<br>can be corrected. The underlying issue is one that Genereux<br>stated clearly: \u201c[W]e are not interested in removing all the<br>effects of the room. Instead we wish to remove any audi-<br>ble colourations evident to the listener.\u201d The application of<br>DSP in any of its many forms requires guidance from psy-</p>\n<br><p id='82' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>choacoustic research relating what we measure to what we<br>hear and, historically, this has been significantly lacking.</p>\n<br><p id='83' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Equalization is very limited in what it can \u201ccorrect,\u201d yet<br>the notion that changing the signal supplied to a sound sys-<br>tem consisting of an unknown loudspeaker in an unknown<br>room can \u201cequalize\u201d or \u201ccalibrate\u201d a system is widespread.<br>In the context of a practical application where there is an<br>audience of several listeners conventional equalization can-<br>not:</p>\n<p id='84' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>\u2022 Add or remove reflections<br>\u2022 Change reverberation time<br>\u2022 Reduce seat-to-seat variations in bass<br>\u2022 Correct frequency dependent directivity in loud-<br>speakers<br>\u2022 Compensate for frequency dependent absorption in<br>acoustical materials and furnishings. The exception<br>is in the highly reflective sound field at very low<br>frequencies.</p>\n<p id='85' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>It is essential to separate events above and below the<br>transition/Schroeder frequency. Above it, at middle and<br>high frequencies, constructive and destructive acoustical<br>interference occurs when direct and reflected sounds com-<br>bine at a microphone. If the frequency resolution of the<br>measurement is sufficiently high\u2014typically 1/3-octave or<br>higher\u2014the resulting peaks and dips can look alarming<br>when seen in room curve. The tendency for a calibrating<br>technician or automated equalization algorithm might be to<br>attempt to smooth the curve. These are non-minimum-phase<br>phenomena that are not correctable by minimum-phase<br>equalization.</p>\n<br><p id='86' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>However, the direct and reflected sounds generally come<br>from different directions, which a microphone cannot dif-<br>ferentiate, but binaural hearing can. References [1, 2,12\u2013<br>14] focus on several of the perceptual consequences of<br>reflections. It turns out that in most small-to-medium-<br>sized sound-reproduction spaces human listeners find these<br>multi-directional reflected sounds to be mostly benign, even<br>beneficial if the loudspeaker has relatively constant direc-<br>tivity. A common perception is spaciousness\u2014information<br>about the listening space, not timbre-damaging comb filter-<br>ing. This is certainly true for recreational listening, but pro-<br>fessionals may find that a less reflective space is preferred<br>for mixing but perhaps not for mastering recordings [12].<br>These measurements are therefore misleading, and even<br>if equalization were capable of removing such reflections,<br>there is the decision of whether it is necessary. Overall,<br>equalizing the spectral fluctuation \u201cerrors\u201d found at a few<br>measurement locations, can add new spectral variations to<br>the total sound output of the loudspeaker that is radiated<br>to all locations throughout the room. There is a significant<br>risk of degrading the performance of good loudspeakers.</p>\n<br><p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Below the transition/Schroeder frequency equalization<br>has a role to play. In the upper-bass frequency range<br>adjacent-boundary interactions affect the sound energy ra-<br>diated into the room. Brought to the attention of the audio<br>community by Allison [15, 16] and discussed in [1] chapter<br>12, these fluctuations can be corrected for by equalization,</p>\n<footer id='88' style='font-size:14px'>J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 63, No. 7/8, 2015 July/August</footer>\n<br><footer id='89' style='font-size:14px'>517</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3488480, "type": "text", "content": "6:20 AM 03-Aug-2021 IN21_1660.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.3397/IN-2021-1660 \nAn isogeometric formulation of locally-conformal perfectly matched layer for\nacoustic scattering problems\n\n\n \n\n# Yongzhen Mi, Xiang Yu\n\n\n \n\nThis paper presents an isogeometric formulation of the locally-conformal\nperfectly matched layer (PML) for time-harmonic acoustic scattering \nproblems. The new formulation is a generalization of the conventional locally-\nconformal PML, in which the NURBS patch supporting the PML \ndomain is transformed from real space to complex space. This is achieved by\ncomplex coordinate stretching, based on a stretching vector field \nindicating the directions in which incident sound waves are absorbed. The\nperformance of the isogeometric PML formulation is discussed \nthrough several acoustic scattering problems, spanning from one to three\ndimensions. It is found that the proposed method presents superior \ncomputational accuracy, high geometric adaptivity, and good robustness against\nchallenging geometric features. The geometry-preserving \nability inherent in the isogeometric framework could bring extra benefits by\neliminating geometric errors that are unavoidable in the \nconventional PML. Meanwhile, these properties are not sensitive to the\nlocation of the sound source or the depth of the PML domain.\n\n\n \n\n# 6:40 AM 03-Aug-2021 IN21_1708.pdf\n\n\n \n\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.3397/IN-2021-1708\n\n\n \n\n# 3D shape optimization of loudspeakers\n\n\n \n\nPeter Risby Andersen, Vicente Cutanda Henr\u00edquez, Niels Aage, Junghwan Kook\n\n\n \n\nImproving the performance of loudspeaker units and cabinet designs\ntraditionally relies on a combination of trial and error, sometimes based \non a lumped parameter modelling approach. During the last decades, however,\nlarge-scale numerical simulations are playing a growing role as \na means of improving performance of complex engineering devices such as\nloudspeakers. However, a numerical model still relies on the \nexperience of the operating engineer to make the appropriate design changes.\nThis can be a difficult task. The use of numerical simulations \ncombined with optimization has a huge potential for further guiding the design\nprocess of advanced industrial products where intuition alone is \nnot sufficient. Nevertheless, broadband acoustic simulations are still very\ntime consuming. \nIn this work, we explore the efficiency of a newly proposed semi-analytical\nadjoint sensitivity approach based on the boundary element method \nin combination with a lumped parameter model. The sensitivity analysis is used\nto shape optimize the cabinet of a loudspeaker using free form \ndeformation. The objective of the optimization is to improve frequency\nresponses and directivity patterns.\n\n\n \n\n7:00 AM 03-Aug-2021 IN21_2909.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.3397/IN-2021-2909\n\n\n \n\nThe effect of bamboo clip dimension and position towards the frequency\nspectrum of a vibrating inhomogeneous \nbundengan string\n\n\n \n\nIndraswari Kusumaningtyas, Ayrton Fithiadi Sedjati, Asadulloh Julda\nHifzhuddin, Gea Oswah Fatah Parikesit \nBundengan is a traditional musical instrument from Indonesia. One of its\nunique features is the ability to produce sound imitating the gamelan, \na percussive metallophone. This is generated by plucking on the bundengan\nstrings, which have small bamboo clips attached to them. In this \nwork, the effect of the clip dimension and position on the frequency spectrum\nof the vibrating string is analysed by means of computer \nsimulation and experiment. The string was modelled using Scilab, taking into\naccount the transversal and rotational vibration of the string and \nbamboo clip, including air drag force. The height to diameter ratio of the\nclip can be varied in the model. Furthermore, we set up a bundengan \nstring on a sonometer with no resonator, attached specially made bamboo clips\non it, and measured the sound frequency spectrum of the \nvibrating string. The results showed that increasing the height to diameter\nratio of the clip decreased the overtone frequencies of the string. It \nwas also found that the fundamental frequency of the string decreased, but its\novertones increased, when the clip is shifted towards the middle \nof the string. The frequency spectrum from the simulation corresponds well to\nthat from the experiment.\n\n\n \n\n7:20 AM 03-Aug-2021 IN21_1763.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.3397/IN-2021-1763\n\n\n \n\nBubble curtain modelling: analytical prediction of piling noise mitigation\n\n\n \n\n# Marco Huisman, Louis Lederwasch, Ren\u00e9 Smidt L\u00fctzen\n\n\n \n\nIn order to mitigate underwater noise caused by pile driving, bubble curtains\nare widely used during offshore constructions. These form an \nimpedance barrier to the acoustic pressure wave, and the resulting attenuation\non the interface of water to bubbly water is the main driver \nbehind the insertion loss that can be achieved. A secondary effect is energy\nabsorption by bubble resonance; however, normal bubble sizes are \nsuch that the resonance frequency is considerably higher than the peak in the\npiling noise spectrum, rendering the resonance contribution to \nthe overall insertion loss relatively small. The broadband insertion loss and\nsound level reduction spectra of bubble curtains are mainly \ndetermined on an empirical basis, comparing actual project data and noise\nmonitoring results across sites. Although several efforts have been \nmade to capture the noise mitigation by bubble curtains in numerical models,\nthere is no straight-forward integrated modelling method \navailable to quantify the influence of individual design and operational\nparameters. Using a number of assumptions and simplifications, this \npaper presents an analytical model for the frequency-dependent and broadband\ninsertion loss achieved by bubble curtains, that combines both \nimpedance and resonance effects.\n\n\n \n\n7:40 AM 03-Aug-2021 IN21_2879.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.3397/IN-2021-2879 \nUsing simulation to predict reverberation room performance: Validation and\nparameter study\n\n\n \n\nJared Schmal, David Herrin, Jennifer Shaw, Charlie Moritz, Alexis Talbot,\nNikhil Ghaisas\n\n\n \n\nPredicting the behavior of a reverberation room is inherently challenging and\noften puzzling. Many still rely on a time-consuming trial-and-error \napproach when designing the interior and placing diffusers to achieve a\ndiffuse field. An accurate finite element simulation of a reverberation \nroom would enable design ideas and modifications to be tested without any\ndowntime of the physical room. Room modifications of interest are \ndiffuser geometry, material, size, and placement, and the addition of tuned\nabsorbers. For a simulation to be capable of such a task, each\n\n\nINTER-NOISE 2021 Proceedings\n\n\n \nPage 60\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3488604, "type": "text", "content": " \n\nThis contribution presents a numerical approach to quantify the response of an\nabsorber in a diffuse reverberation room. Conventionally, this is \ndone by considering an infinite absorber coupled to an acoustic halfspace. It\nis, however, well known that the diffuse absorption coefficient for \na finite absorber can be quite different due to what is referred to in\nliterature as the edge effect. A finite size correction has been developed \npreviously, but it is only applicable to homogeneous absorbers and is based on\na computationally costly quintuple integration. This contribution \npresents an alternative approach in which a deterministic model, e.g. using\nthe finite element or modal transfer matrix method, is coupled with \na statistical model of the room using a hybrid deterministic-statistical\nenergy analysis framework. With this framework, also the theoretical \nuncertainty on this diffuse sound absorption that is inherent in the diffuse\nfield assumption can be quantified, i.e. the variance of sound \nabsorption results that can be theoretically expected across an ensemble of\nreverberation rooms of the same volume. The methodology is \nnumerically and experimentally validated for several absorber types.\n\n\n \n\n8:00 AM 05-Aug-2021 IN21_2056.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.3397/IN-2021-2056 \nOptimization of an absorbing surface with 2D Helmholtz resonators for reduced\nsensitivity to the incidence angle\n\n\n \n\nDiana Maria Garza-Agudelo, Vicente Cutanda Henriquez, Cheol-Ho Jeong, Peter\nRisby Andersen\n\n\n \n\nIt has been shown in several recent publications that acoustic materials\nconsisting of a combination of resonators tuned to different \nfrequencies can render high absorption coefficient values over an extended\nfrequency range while maintaining compactness. This makes them \nattractive solutions for applications in which low frequency sound control is\nneeded, and/or when there are significant space constraints. \nNevertheless, the acoustic performance of these surfaces varies with the angle\nat which a wave impinges on the surface. The changes in the \nabsorption characteristics with the incidence angle occur both on the maximum\nabsorption coefficient, and on the effective frequency \nbandwidth. Numerical optimization is a tool that can help realize designs with\na large degree of geometrical freedom, and using this framework \nwe have demonstrated an array of coupled 2D Helmholtz resonators that is less\nsensitive to changes in the incidence angle.\n\n\nINTER-NOISE 2021 Proceedings\n\n\n \nPage 149\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3188821, "type": "text", "content": "Linkwitz\n\n\n \nRendering Stereo in the ITD-Range\n\n\nThe delay is 263 \u03bcs for a sphere of 17.5 cm diameter \nand 300 sound incidence, Figure 3. The delay of 263 \u03bcs \nwill be used in the rendering model of Figure 6 for an \nanalysis of phantom source placement between two \nloudspeakers, when the direct sound arrives from +/-300 \nat the listener\u2019s ears. The principles involved with level \npanning and time panning of a mono signal and with the \nspatial rendering of stereo signals will be explained.\n\n\nR endering of high frequency signals, in the ILD range \nof hearing, follows more intricate principles. Those \nsignals pull towards left or right loudspeakers, unless \nthe loudspeakers have wide dispersion. ITD in \ncombination with head turning confirmation tends to \ndominate phantom source positioning on program \nmaterial.\n\n\n# 2\\. RENDERING IN A REVERBERANT SPACE\n\n\nHow a recording is rendered, the aural scene created in \nthe listener\u2019s mind, depends upon the characteristics of \nthe loudspeakers used, their placement relative to large \nsurfaces in the room, the room\u2019s acoustic properties and \nthe listener-and-loudspeaker configuration.\n\n\n# 2.1. Live vs. amplified voice\n\n\nWhen recorded anechoic voice is played back over a \nsingle loudspeaker we usually recognize that it is not \nlive. This might be due to volume level and acoustic \nquality. Volume can be easily adjusted to a realistic \nlevel. Misleading aural cues from frequency response \nand radiation pattern of the loudspeaker can be \nminimized. Also loudspeaker cabinet resonances and \ndriver non-linear distortion must be kept low. The off- \naxis frequency response is the most difficult parameter \nto control. It determines where and how the room \nresponds to the loudspeaker. If the response differs from \nthat of a real human voice, then we know it was a \nloudspeaker. We readily recognize the nature of human \nvoice in different surroundings.\n\n\n2.2. Withdrawing attention from room and \nloudspeakers\n\n\nRadiation from a loudspeaker inevitably causes \nreflections, reverberation and room modes, Figure 4. If \nroom surfaces are highly absorptive, then the indirect\n\n\n \n\nsounds will decay quickly. Mixing studios are built \nacoustically dead for analytical work. They are not \nconsidered to be ideal places for music enjoyment. \nHome listening environments are usually more live, \nwhich means that reflections, modes and reverberation \nmay interfere with the rendering of the aural scene, if \ninappropriately excited by the loudspeakers.\n\n\nFigure 4 A single source S and two objects in a \nrectangular room. Initial wall reflections and diffraction \nby the objects (B), which over time lead to the \nreverberant sound field (C)\n\n\nWe have found that loudspeakers should be placed at \nleast 1 m from large reflecting surfaces. Reflections are \nthen delayed by at least 6 ms, which allocates them \nperceptually to sound streams that are separate from the \ndirect loudspeaker sound. Furthermore, if the \nloudspeaker has a frequency independent polar pattern, \nsuch as omni-directional (monopole), bi-directional \n(dipole) or cardioid, then the delayed room reflections \nare essentially copies of the direct sound or modified in \na familiar way. Under these conditions the brain can \nwithdraw attention from the room, which adds \nredundant and not misleading information to the direct \nsound, and focus on the information contained in the \ndirect sound [7].\n\n\nA single loudspeaker is difficult to hide aurally, but \nwhen two loudspeakers produce phantom sources, then \nattention can be drawn away from them. Again, their \npolar response is critical, assuming that non-linear \neffects, energy storage and cabinet diffraction have been \nminimized.\n\n\n2.3. Optimum listening distance\n\n\nThe direct sound level from a loudspeaker decreases \ninversely with distance, Figure 5. The reverberant \nsound level in the room builds up and reaches\n\n\nAES 133rd Convention, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2012 October 26\u201329\n\n\n \nPage 3 of 13\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3540808, "type": "text", "content": "TOOLE\n\n\n \n\nPAPERS\n\n\n \nFig. 4. Predictions of the direct and reflected sound fields in a room from a\nset of anechoic measurements on a loudspeaker. Descriptions \nare in the Figure and in the text. Data from [9] Part 2.\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n \n\nby the loudspeaker modified by the geometry and \nfrequency-dependent reflectivity of the room. In an \nacoustically dead room, the room curve will be iden- \ntical to the on-axis response of the loudspeaker. As \nreflections within the room increase, the room curve \nwill rise towards the predicted room curve, as the off- \naxis sounds add to the result. The bass and midrange \nsound levels will build up over a short time interval, \naffecting what is measured and heard. At very high \nfrequencies the direct sound becomes progressively \ndominant. Therefore with no knowledge of the loud- \nspeaker, and no knowledge of the room acoustical \nproperties, a steady-state room curve conveys am- \nbiguous information. \nIn normal rooms the on-axis frequency response is \nnot the dominant physical factor. However, the di- \nrect sound has a high priority in perception, estab-\n\n\n \n\nlishing a reference to which later arrivals are com-\n\n\n \n\n\u2022\n\n\n \n\npared in determining such important perceptions as \nprecedence effect (localization), spatial effects, and \ntimbre. In this example, the poor off-axis perfor- \nmance dominated the in-room measurements and \nin listening tests caused audible timbral degrada- \ntion. Equalization of the room curve will destroy \nthe only good performance in the loudspeaker\u2014the \non-axis/direct sound response. Equalization cannot \nchange loudspeaker directivity; the remedy is a bet- \nter loudspeaker. Adequate anechoic data on the loud- \nspeaker would have revealed the problem in advance \nof measurements or listening. \nBelow the transition/Schroeder frequency the room \nresonances and the associated standing waves are \nthe dominant factors in what is measured and heard. \nThese are unique to each room and are strongly \nlocation-dependent. Only on-site measurements can \nreveal what is happening and different loudspeaker\n\n\n516\n\n\n \nJ. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 63, No. 7/8, 2015 July/August\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1965065, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='51' style='font-size:14px'>ARE 5 REVIEW MANUAL</header>\n<h1 id='52' style='font-size:20px'>G Guuiiddeelliinneess ffoorr SSoouunndd AAbbssoorrppttiioonn</h1>\n<br><p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>There are several guidelines related to sound absorption that are useful to remember.</p>\n<br><p id='54' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022 The average absorption coefficient of a room should be at least 0.20. Indoor-outdoor carpet has an<br>absorption coefficient of about 0.20, while heavy carpet on a concrete floor has an absorption coeffi-<br>cient of about 0.30. An average absorption coefficient above 0.50 is usually not desirable, nor is it<br>economically justified. Materials with lower values are suitable for large rooms, while materials with<br>higher values are suitable for small or noisy rooms.</p>\n<br><p id='55' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022 Each doubling of the amount of absorption in a room results in a noise reduction of only 3 dB.</p>\n<br><p id='56' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022 If additional absorptive material is being added to a room, the total absorption should be increased<br>at least three times (amounting to a change of about 5 dB, which is clearly noticeable). The increase<br>may need to be more or less than three times to bring absorption to between 0.20 and 0.50.</p>\n<br><p id='57' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022 When adding extra absorption, an increase of 10 times (a reverberant noise reduction of 10 dB) is<br>the approximate practical limit. Beyond this, more absorption results in a decreasing amount of noise<br>reduction as the practical limit of 0.50 total average absorption coefficient is approached.</p>\n<br><p id='58' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022 Each doubling of the absorption in a room reduces reverberation time by one-half.</p>\n<br><p id='59' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022 Although absorptive materials can be placed anywhere, ceiling treatment for sound absorption is<br>more effective in large rooms, whereas wall treatment is more effective in small rooms.</p>\n<br><p id='60' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022 Generally, absorption increases with an increase in thickness of a porous absorber. However, exces-<br>sive low-frequency noise may require special design treatment.</p>\n<br><p id='61' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022 The amount of absorption of a porous type of sound absorber such as fiberglass or mineral wool is<br>dependent on (1) the material\u2019s thickness, (2) the material\u2019s density, (3) the material\u2019s porosity, and<br>(4) the orientation of the fibers in the material. A porous sound absorber should be composed of<br>open, interconnected voids.</p>\n<p id='62' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>R Reevveerrbbeerraattiioonn</p>\n<br><p id='63' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Reverberation is an important quality of the acoustical environment of a space. It affects both the intelli-<br>gibility of speech and the quality of conditions for music of all types. Reverberation time is the time it takes<br>the sound level to decrease 60 dB after the source has stopped producing the sound. The reverberation<br>time in seconds, T, is calculated using Eq. 19.12.</p>\n<caption id='64' style='font-size:14px'>19.12</caption>\n<br><p id='65' data-category='equation'>$$T=0.05\\left({\\frac{V}{A}}\\right)=0.05\\left({\\frac{V}{a S}}\\right)$$</p>\n<p id='66' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>V is the volume of the room in cubic feet. (If cubic meters are used, the factor is 0.16 instead of 0.05.)</p>\n<br><p id='67' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Each type of use has its own preferred range of reverberation time, shorter times being best for smaller<br>spaces and longer times working best for larger spaces. (See Table 19.7.)</p>\n<br><p id='68' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Table 19.7<br>Recommended<br>Reverberation<br>Times</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 101298, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='3' style='font-size:18px'>Reverberation in Our Daily Life</h1>\n<br><p id='4' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Reverberation is everywhere in our daily life<br>\u2022 Audio signal reflects off surfaces and objects<br>\u2022 Function of room geometry, materials and speaker location</p>\n<figure><img id='5' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(185,532); bottom-right:(790,1090)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='6' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(973,595); bottom-right:(1836,1066)\" /></figure>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 56473, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='0' style='font-size:22px'>separation problems</h1>\n<p id='1' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>stereo FM circuits, causes listeners<br>to try to re -balance the \"center\"<br>sound (with no success, by the way)<br>by means of the balance control on<br>the amplifier.</p>\n<br><p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Speaker Placement for Stereo</p>\n<br><p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Ignoring any electrical problems,<br>for the moment, it has been our ex-<br>perience that most complaints from<br>customers involving \"poor stereo<br>effect\" stem from improper speaker<br>and/or listener placement.</p>\n<br><p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Equipment manufacturers are of-<br>ten at fault here, because, in an ef-<br>fort to generalize, they make such<br>statements in their instruction book-<br>lets as :\"Place the speakers 8 to 10<br>feet apart for optimum stereo ef-<br>fect.\" Now, 8 to 10 feet of separa-<br>tion might be great for certain size<br>rooms and with the listener in an<br>optimum position, but in other situ-<br>ations the sound might fuse together<br>in what sounds little better than a<br>two -speaker monophonic system,<br>while in other circumstances the ap-<br>parent separation might be so ex-<br>treme as to sound like two separate<br>programs with a big \"hole -in -the -<br>middle\".</p>\n<br><p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Over the years, we have formu-<br>lated a set of basic layout dimen-<br>sions which work satisfactorily.<br>These layout dimensions are tabu-<br>lated in Table I, and are based upon<br>the listener being positioned at dis-<br>tances shown. Of course, the listener<br>cannot always position himself at<br>the optimum listening point, and ad-<br>justments have to be made. For this<br>purpose, the graph of Fig. 1 shows<br>the necessary correction factors to<br>apply to the table if the listener has<br>to sit further away or closer to the<br>plane of the loudspeakers. Some<br>flexibility is, of course, permitted,<br>but both the table and the graph<br>are based upon consumer reactions<br>which we have observed and cata-<br>loged over at least ten years of cus-<br>tom installation work.</p>\n<br><p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>\"Odd -Room Problems\"</p>\n<br><p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Stereo installations would be sim-<br>ple if everyone lived in a perfectly<br>rectangular room, with a wall ratio<br>of approximately 4 X 5, and with<br>no archways, doorways, open win-<br>dows and broken sections of walls.<br>Unfortunately, architectural aesthe-<br>tics are often at odds with stereo re-<br>quirements, which leads us to the</p>\n<figure><img id='8' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"- - 20'\nL R\n15'\n10' D, R.\n-- 10'\" data-coord=\"top-left:(29,1142); bottom-right:(296,1465)\" /></figure>\n<p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Fig. 2 A typical \"problem\" lay-<br>out in stereo installations is the<br>\"L\" -shaped living room/dining<br>room arrangement.</p>\n<br><figure><img id='10' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"20'\nLISTENER\n15'\n-18' -\" data-coord=\"top-left:(345,1139); bottom-right:(679,1487)\" /></figure>\n<p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Fig. 3 By allowing for the extra room area,<br>a reasonable speaker arrangement is calcu-<br>lated for the \"problem\" room of Fig. 2.</p>\n<br><p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>bane of the stereo installer's exist-<br>ence-the \"L\" -shaped living room/<br>dining room combination so preva-<br>lent in American architectural<br>schemes.</p>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>A typical \"problem\" layout is<br>shown in Fig. 2. Obviously, the in-<br>formation contained in Table I and<br>Fig. 1 will not work here. The best<br>compromise we have been able to<br>devise for this typical arrangement<br>is shown in Fig. 3. It is based upon<br>the proposition that the extra cubic<br>volume of the dining area is in re-<br>ality a part of the living room vol-<br>ume (or, at least, about 50% of it<br>is considered to be so) and makes<br>use of the inherently better bass<br>propagating characteristics of at<br>least one of the loudspeakers when<br>it is placed in a corner.</p>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Because bass tones are not par-<br>ticularly directional in stereo pro-<br>gramming, this bass enhancement<br>from one corner will not notice-<br>ably detract from the overall stereo<br>balance desired. By mentally in-<br>creasing the dimensions of the ma-<br>jor rectangular area by an amount<br>equal to 50% of the dining area,<br>you use the separation figures in</p>\n<p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Table 1</p>\n<p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Speaker placement for best stereo effect</p>\n<table id='17' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td></td><td>Listener's</td><td>Optimum</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Distance</td><td>Distance</td></tr><tr><td>Room</td><td>to</td><td>Between</td></tr><tr><td>Size</td><td>Speaker Wall</td><td>Speakers</td></tr><tr><td>8' x 10'</td><td>4'</td><td>8'</td></tr><tr><td>10' x 12'</td><td>8'</td><td>11' or corners</td></tr><tr><td>12' x 15'</td><td>10'</td><td>13'</td></tr><tr><td>15' x 20'</td><td>12'</td><td>15'</td></tr><tr><td>18'x24'</td><td>15'</td><td>18'</td></tr><tr><td>20' x 30'</td><td>18'</td><td>24'</td></tr></table>\n<footer id='18' style='font-size:14px'>March, 1971/ELECTRONIC SERVICING 19</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	If a room has objects that highly reflect sound, but the speaker is located in a poor position relative to materials, how can this be optimized for better reverberation function?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 151, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 1553163, "type": "text", "content": "126\n\n\n \nHarding\n\n\nconfer on myself a body is to confer on the objects around me a mind, \nfor only they are in a position to note my body. Thus the self-conscious \nman is not one but many, even if he is alone on a desert island: someone \nover there is watching him, and that someone is himself yet another. He \nis always in company, though he calls it his own.\n\n\n \n\nSo far from being chained to this observation post, then, I am always \nplacing myself at others, and often establishing new ones; and so I come \nto enjoy, not only their varied perspectives of myself, but of all the world. \nBut what I cannot do is to leave my observation posts unchanged and \nmindless: my view out from them is theirs, not a copy of it or a substitute \nfor it. I cannot recognize you to be a man without partially identifying \nmyself with you, without entering into your life.\n\n\n \n\nAnd it is much the same with nonhuman and even \u201cinanimate\u201d things \n\u2013 trees, waves, mountains, clouds \u2013 I have the irresistible feeling of\nentering \ninto what they are for themselves. In the pillar I stoutly thrust; in the \ntaut rope I feel the pull. I ride in the clouds, shine as the sun, look down \nfrom the stars. I throw myself into the object\u2019s motions, I am swayed by \nits laws, I feel for it and with it. The pathetic fallacy is a fallacy only \nwhen I lack the vitality to make it anything else.\n\n\n \n\nNevertheless I do not leave this original center for that one, but keep \nmy hold on both. Thus is established a two-centered system whose subject- \npole and object-pole are frequently reversed; and the two-way tra\ufb03c of \nthis system, with all its experienced content of \u201cmind\u201d and \u201cbody\u201d, is \nindivisible. No item or function belongs exclusively to either pole, but \nrather to the system as a whole. All our existence is transregional circu- \nlation.\n\n\n \n\n# 3.4 The Mirror\n\n\n \n\nThe other center to which I thus attach myself may be a mirror. What \nhappens when I look in my glass is that I, who am nothing here, place \nmyself there where I am a man, and project him back upon this center. \nNow this is only a specially lucid case of self-observation in general; my \nglass does for me what my friends do, only with fewer complications, for \nI contribute only a part of my friend\u2019s nature, whereas I am for the time \nbeing the whole life and mind of my mirror.\n\n\n \n\nWhat occurs everywhere obscurely occurs plainly here \u2013 the mirror \nis living, active, human, and conceivably also suprahuman, in commerce \nwith the observers ranged about it. Between us, the glass and I achieve \na man; but break the mediating radial processes of our regions (which \nappear abstractly in optical diagrams) and neither of us achieves anything.\n\n\n \n\n# 3.5 Some Levels of Projection-Re\ufb02ection\n\n\n \n\nIf you and I are a pair of mutual observers, our hierarchical status \nvaries with our mutual range, which in turn depends upon the vigor of our\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1419175, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='144' style='font-size:14px'>The British Journal of Psychotherapy Integration</header>\n<p id='145' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Developmental Considerations</p>\n<p id='146' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>I am influenced by Bowlby\u2019s (1979; 1998) work<br>on attachment, as well as further developments<br>in affective neuroscience and regulation<br>theory (Cozolino, 2010; Siegel, 1999; Schore,<br>1994). There is now considerable evidence to<br>demonstrate that the right hemisphere in the<br>human brain is the repository of Bowlby\u2019s<br>unconscious internal working models<br>(Henry, 1993; Schore, 1994, 2000b; Siegel,<br>1999). Infant studies and neurobiology have<br>unequivocally shown that early attachment<br>plays a crucial role in the crystallization<br>of relational patterns, personality, and the<br>ability to manage the complexities of human<br>existence within a healthy range of responses.</p>\n<p id='147' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Stern (1985) was instrumental in the onset<br>of layered models of self development,<br>contrasting with stage models like the Freudian<br>psychosexual stages or the Piagetian stages of<br>cognitive development. It is clear that there is a<br>self in Stern\u2019s (1985) position, and that relational<br>experiences are organized toward a sense of<br>the self as a discrete entity (Balswick, King<br>and Reimer, 2005); something that continues<br>to exist, along the lines of the Winnicottian<br>sense of \u201cgoing-on-being\u201d (Winnicott, 1956).</p>\n<p id='148' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Stern (1985) defines four different senses<br>of self: the emergent self, the core self, the<br>intersubjective self and the verbal self. Each<br>new sense of self is added to the previous one<br>but does not replace it. In his later adaptation<br>of the Interpersonal World of the Infant (2003)<br>he concluded that some of these are already<br>operating from birth! Stern (1985, 2003) added<br>and, to some extent, transformed, the classic<br>separation/individuation theory in saying<br>that there is also an attempt of connecting,<br>sharing and even merging with the leaps in<br>development. I agree that attempts of separation<br>and connection occur concurrently at any<br>given time. Stern\u2019s (1985, 2003) findings were<br>revolutionary but are now generically accepted<br>in the world of developmental psychology,<br>despite the understandable controversy<br>within classic object relations theorists:</p>\n<p id='149' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(\u2026) internal objects are constructed from<br>repeated, relatively small interactive patterns<br>derived from the microanalytic perspective.<br>Such internal objects are not people; nor are</p>\n<br><p id='150' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>they parts or aspects of others. Rather, they are<br>constructed from the patterned experience of<br>self in interaction with another: What is inside<br>(i.e., represented internally) comprises interactive<br>experiences. (Stern, 2003, introduction XV)</p>\n<p id='151' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Stern (1985) initially named these internal<br>objects as representations of interactions<br>that become generalized (RIGs), changing<br>later to ways-of-being-with (Stern, 2003)<br>to emphasize this lived phenomenon<br>in a more experience-near way.</p>\n<p id='152' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Also significant in the shaping of my model<br>of psychological therapy is the evidence for<br>intersubjective relatedness discovered through<br>research undertaken with infants (Trevarthen<br>and Hubley, 1978; Stern, 1985). Concepts such<br>as affect attunement (Stern, 1985) effected<br>significant changes in the way I understood<br>previous notions such as mirroring or echoing<br>(Mahler, Pine and Bergman, 1975; Kohut 1977;<br>Lacan, 1977) as well as adding important<br>nuances to my idea of empathy, since it occurs<br>largely out of awareness. I could now prove<br>what common sense was already telling me: that<br>being met and seen by another is paramount<br>for a healthy development. It is important,<br>nonetheless, that the mental state of the infant<br>(patient) is not simply matched or imitated<br>by the caregiver (therapist) but transformed<br>and digested someway, before being returned.<br>Much in the lines of Bion\u2019s (1984) notion of<br>containment, where the mother bears the<br>uncontainable affects of her baby and, through<br>her reverie, detoxifies and transforms the<br>affects into a form that allows the infant to<br>reintroject and tolerate them. This notion has<br>been operationalized in research with infants<br>and developed into what Fonagy, Gergely,<br>Jurist and Target (2002) named contingent<br>marked mirroring. The infant learns about<br>himself through the other but also needs to<br>learn that he/she is not the other, since this<br>fusion could be experienced as threatening<br>or flooding, leading potentially to a psychotic<br>personality organization (Kernberg, 1994).</p>\n<p id='153' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>This intimate process connects attachment<br>with self-regulation, enabling the infant to<br>soothe much more rapidly and to develop a<br>second-order symbolic representational system<br>for his mind states (Bateman and Fonagy,<br>2006). With the above in mind I started to</p>\n<footer id='154' style='font-size:18px'>59</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3277207, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='38' style='font-size:18px'>DELEUZE,\tRUYER\tAND\tBECOMING-BRAIN</header>\n<p id='39' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>This is why perception is so significantly different from self-survey. Perception requires an external perspec-<br>tive, and in many cases, it requires actual physical distance, as in the case of seeing and hearing; it addresses<br>objects that can be positioned side-by-side; and it requires a delimitable field within which these objects are po-<br>sitioned. Perception maps the structures of a geometrical space, a space that is infinitely divisible, a space that<br>can only be perspectivally addressed. What Ruyer is concerned with is a metaphysical or embryological space<br>that makes up the interior, which requires and can provide no external distance, which is not divisible into parts,<br>and has no edges and is thus not determined in relation to a field.22 Memory, biological or atomic memory, is<br>the invisible, non-localizable melody, a memory that is topological rather than locatable, whose themes enable<br>primary forms to form themselves in space and time according to certain configurations and limits.23</p>\n<p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>This unlivable memory of the species, the inaudible themes that make and regulate living bodies, are the direc-<br>tions or orders, the temporality, of formation and functioning that enable the individual members of species<br>to form themselves and once formed, to act, and to do so in the distinctive ways that represent the actions,<br>potentially all of them, of their species. Species act from instincts, memories and indeed values that are real but<br>that precedes any of the individuals who express them. They are not real entities but themes, traces, hauntings<br>from past species that must be improvised on by the actions of living beings. This makes these themes adverbial<br>rather than substantive, something to be acted rather than discovered.24</p>\n<p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Ruyer connects the operation of single-celled organisms with that of the embryo or brain: these organisms have<br>no separate organs, no neither hands nor eyes. Yet they are nevertheless able to form \u2018extremities\u2019 or pseudo-<br>pods, a mouth, stomach and rectum for themselves. Such organisms are able to make themselves the organs<br>they require. Like the embryo, the brain exists as a \u201cdark vision\u201d25, or a \u201cdark consciousness\u201d26. It is a primary<br>consciousness, not of objects, as phenomenology suggests, but of itself in its immediacy. The protozoon is the<br>primary consciousness of organic form, but it is not a consciousness of itself as an object or subject of a certain<br>kind: it exists in a mode of \u2018self-enjoyment,\u2019 incapable of perception and thus a direction to its outside, it is<br>largely directed to its own internal operations. Its consciousness is without a \u201csubject-individual who would be<br>the proprietor of the consciousness\u201d27, a consciousness without proprietor.28 The earliest stage of the embryo or<br>the egg can be understood as a unicellular organism: both the brain of the embryo and the embryo itself act, as<br>they begin, as unicellular organisms that creates their own organs with great focus and with little awareness of<br>their surroundings, totally oriented to their task.29</p>\n<p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Beginning as a single-celled organism, the embryo has the peculiar ability, one that no machine has, of produc-<br>ing the differentiations that will create organs and the functions of respiration, nutrition, excretion and repro-<br>duction. An embryo \u2018knows\u2019, without a brain, how it must make itself, what form it must follow, what organs<br>it must create. It is a consciousness, but only of how it must act. This embryogenesis is a field of \u2018absolute<br>self-survey\u2019, a field with no edges or borders, requiring no external perspective, no outside eye, a field which<br>precedes the existence of the individual but is the process of making an individual. While the embryo \u2018has<br>individuality\u2019, it is not an individual, a distinct being. It knows only its own emerging absolute surfaces and<br>nothing yet of an external world. It is entirely self-referential, even as its \u2018self\u2019 is not yet distinctly formed. It is<br>a subject, an agent, an increasingly complex collective organization of the body, in the process of creating tiny<br>apprentices that will carry on the labor of bodily production, each organ forming a world within an organism, a<br>self or consciousness within the body: \u201cEach organ is a small organism within an organism, And this is true at<br>all levels\u2014molecular, cellular, tissue, organic, in a literal sense\u201d30.</p>\n<p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The embryo is a potential being, whose potentiality is stored not only in the mnemic themes it re-enacts, it is<br>also the potential for the infinite variation of these themes. As equipotential, the embryo, like the forming brain,<br>is capable for forming itself even if drastic lesions and external interferences interrupt the melody. Equipotenti-<br>ality implies that the part can stand in for the whole. It is a quality not only of the embryo (and we now under-<br>stand, of stem cells) but also of the brain: one part can deputize for another. Following Uexk\u00fcll, Ruyer cites the<br>experiments of Hans Driesch, who cut in half the embryos of sea urchins, producing a full urchin, though of a</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1419091, "type": "text", "content": "Volume 9, Issue 2 (2012)\n\n\nintegrate mentalizing into my integrative \nlens. Mentalizing \u2013 implicitly or explicitly \ninterpreting the actions of oneself and other \nas meaningful on the basis of intentional \nmental states - emerges from the attachment \nrelationship and intersubjectivity but it is also \nmore than that. It stems from Fonagy\u2019s (2003) \ndefinition of the Interpersonal Interpretive \nMechanism (IIM), requiring a verbal and \ncognitive component, the abstraction of \nthinking about thinking, rather than just \nsharing of mental states. The acquisition and \nuse of language comes as a double-edged \nsword: it is both an opportunity for richer \nlevels of communication and, at the same time, \na distantiation from the real and the other \nsenses of self (Stern, 1985; Verhaeghe, 2004).\n\n\nThrough my clinical practice, I became \ngradually aligned with the relational turn. I \ndo not, however, privilege the relational field \nover and above the individual, which I find \na dichotomized and bizarre position to take \n(Mills, 2005). Earlier views on drive-theory, \nobject-relations and/or self-psychology are \nstill useful ways of understanding the two \nindividuals in the dyad. This was my starting \npoint and I still see it as the foundation of my \npresent two-person psychology model. You need \nto have an internal world before any inter- \nsubjectivity is created, even if, paradoxically, this \ninternal world is created (parent) and modified \n(therapist) through intersubjective relatedness. \nIn other words, you need two different minds \nfor the co-creation of an intersubjective moment \n(the co-creation of a third, shared, meaning and \nspace). This is comparable to Spinelli\u2019s (1994, \np.294) existential-phenomenological standpoint:\n\n\nEach of us is alone in our experience of \nreality (intrapsychic). And yet, paradoxically, \nthis \u201caloneness\u201d emerges precisely \nbecause we are in relation to one another \n(inter-subjective) (my parentheses)\n\n\nI disagree with Spinelli however, since I see the \nseparateness of self and other as useful. This \nis crucial in the process of contingent marked \nmirroring, an important foundation for affect \nregulation and the development of the self \n(Fonagy, et al., 2002). It is in this sense that I also \nview the self as some form of autobiographical \nentity (Damasio, 1999). This is the intra-psychic\n\n\n \n\nand embodied sense of each person, the relation \nof self-to-self (Gilbert and Orlans, 2008).\n\n\nNot disregarding the relational field, I continue \nto make use of intrapsychic theories as in \nthe following formulation of borderline \npsychopathology (Bergeret, 1996): a structural \nconflict between ego-ideal vs. id and reality; \nanaclitic form of object relations, meaning a \nhelpless, hopeless attitude of expecting the \nother to carry you, as a baby does; losing \nthe object or fear of abandonment as the \noverall nature of anxiety (angst); splitting and \nprojection as the major defence mechanisms.\n\n\nIt is through my interventions and my \npresence, rather than my detachment, that \nthe above intrapsychic structure becomes \nevident. I take full part in this transformational \nprocess, giving magnitude to being a \u2018self- \nregulating other\u2019 (Stern, 1985), in helping \nthe patient regulate affective states.\n\n\nThe Here-and-Now\n\n\nThe above views on development are only \nimportant if brought intentionally to the \nconsulting room as a way of understanding the \npresent. This means I work explicitly with the \nrelationship. The implicit procedural/emotional \nmode of processing (Beebe and Lachmann, \n2003) arising from the moment-to-moment \ninter-relatedness of two developmental \nhistories gains in importance if the therapist \nmakes explicit use of his observation and \nreflexive capacity to bring these relational \npatterns to the foreground of exploration. This \nawareness of the implicit (mostly non-verbal) \ndimension can also be used in the service \nof self-and-other affect regulation within \nthe therapeutic dyad. However, as Beebe \nand Lachmann (2003) point out, therapeutic \naction can occur in the implicit mode without \never being translated into words. This notion, \nwhich I support, has obvious implications to \npsychoanalysis and Freud\u2019s classical statement \n\u2018where id was ego shall be\u2019 (Freud, 1933, p.80).\n\n\nSince I see myself as an active participant, \ninstead of Bowlby\u2019s (1979) Internal Working \nModels (IWM) of attachment, I am more \ninclined towards Stern\u2019s (2003) ways-of- \nbeing-with or Fonagy\u2019s (2003) theory of the\n\n\n60\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2081566, "type": "text", "content": "3\\. SELF-KNOWLEDGE AND SELF-DECEPTION 7 1\n\n\n \n\n# 70 GREENWALD\n\n\nauthor thanks Joan S. Lockard, Delroy L. Pauhus, and Prentice-Hall for \npermission to use portions of the earlier chapter.\n\n\nREFERENCES\n\n\nAllport, F. H. (1955). Theories of perception and the concept of structure.\nNew York: Wiey. \nBroadbent, D. E. (1958). Perception and communication. London: Pergamon. \nClaparPde, E. (1951). Recognition and \"me-ness.\" (E. Rapaport, Trans.). In D.\nRapaport \n(Ed.), Organization and pathology of thought (pp. 58-75). New York: Columbia\nUniversity \nPress. (Original work published 1911) \nDixon, N. F. (1981). Preconscious processing. London: Wiley. \nDollard, J., & Miller, N. E. (1950). Personality and psychotherapy. New York:\nMcGraw-Hill. \nErdelyi, M. H. (1974). A new look at the new look: Perceptual defense and\nvigilance. \nI'sycholoxical Review, 81, 1-25. \nErdelyi, M. H. (1985). Psychoanalysis: Freud's cognitive psychology. New York:\nFreeman. \nErdelyi, M. H., & Goldberg, B. (1979). Let's not sweep repression under the\nrug: Toward \na cognitive psychology of repression. In J. F. Kihlstrom & F. Evans (Eds.),\nFunctional \ndisorders of memory (pp. 355-402). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. \nEriksen, C. W. (1958). Unconscious processes. In M. R. Jones (Ed.), Nebraska\nsymposium on \nmotivation: 1958 (pp. 169-227). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. \nEriksen, C. W., & Browne, C. T. (1956). An experimental and theoretical\nanalysis of \nperceptual defense. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 52, 224-230. \nFingarette, H. (1969). Self-deception. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. \nFreud, S. (1961). The ego and the id. In J. Strachey (Ed. &Trans.;), The\nstandard edition ofthe \ncomplete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 19, pp. 3-66). London:\nHogarth. \n(Original work published in 1923) \nGazzaniga, M. S. (1985). The social brain: Discovering the networks of the\nmind. New York: \nBasic Books. \nGreenwald, A. G. (1980). The totalitarian ego: Fabrication and revision of\npersonal histo- \nry. American Psychologist, 35, 603-618. \nGreenwald, A. G. (1982). Is anyone in charge? Personalysis versus the\nprinciple of per- \nsonal unity. In J. Suls (Ed.), Psychological perspectives on the self (Vol. 1,\npp. 151-181). \nHillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. \nGreenwald, A. G. (1988a). Levels of representation. Unpublished manuscript,\nUniversity of \nWashington, Department of Psychology, Seattle. \nGreenwald, A. G. (1988b). Self-knowledge and self-deception. In J. S. Lockard\n& D. L. \nPaulhus (Eds.), Self-deception: An adaptive mechanism? (pp. 113-131).\nEnglewood Cliffs, \nNJ: Prentice-Hall. \nGreenwald, A. G. (1992). New Look 3: Unconscious cognition reclaimed. American\nPsy- \ncholoxist, 47, 766-779. \n~ r e e n w a l d , A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1995). Implicit social cognition:\nAttitudes, self- \nesteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review, 102, 4-27. \nGreenwald, A. G., Klinger, M. R., & Schuh, E. S. (1995). Activation by\nmarginally percep- \ntible (\"subliminal\") stimuli: Dissociation of unconscious from conscious\ncognition. lour- \nnal of Experimental Psychology: General, 124, 22-42. \nGreenwald, A. G., & Leavitt, C. (1984). Audience involvement in advertising:\nFour levels. \nIournal of Consumer Research, 11, 581-592. \nGur, R. C., & Sackeim, H. A. (1979). Self-deception: A concept in search of a\nphenome- \nnon. Iournal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 147-169. \nHilgard, E. R. (1977). Divided consciousness: Multiple controls in human\nthought and action. \nNew York: Wiey.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 129938, "type": "text", "content": "10\n\n\n \n\n# Desire\n\n\nS ymbolic and Imaginary is lost between the mnemic residue and the Vorstel- \nlungsrepr\u00e4sentanzen. The Imaginary is not subsumed into and repressed by \nthe Symbolic as it is in conscious perception; the dream represents more of \nan equal partnership, given the lack of requirement for communication and \nrelation with the other in the dream. Conscious perception is always in refer- \nence to the relation with the other, the object identification of the\nImaginary \nwhich is only a fragment or a residue absorbed into the Symbolic, as the sub- \nject is inserted into the Other, the network of language and relations. The \ndream image is a product of the relation between the subject and the Other, \nbut the structuring of the relation between the subject and the other in rela- \ntion to the Other, the Imaginary in relation to the Symbolic, is not present\nin \nthe dream.\n\n\n \n\nThe subject is not present in the dream as it is not present in language, \nonly as an absence, a \u201csliding away,\u201d as described by Lacan (The Four Fun- \ndamental Concepts of Psycho-Analysis, p. 75), and the Gaze is present in the \ndream as the lacuna in signification and the disjunction between the Imagi- \nnary and Symbolic. The presence of the Gaze is manifest in the dream, as de- \nscribed by Lacan, in \u201cthe absence of horizon, the enclosure, of that which is \ncontemplated in the waking state,\u201d which are products of perception, the in- \nteraction of the Imaginary and Symbolic, \u201cand, also, the character of emer- \ngence, of contrast, of stain, of its images, the intensification of their \ncolors\u2026\u201d The images in the dream present themselves differently from im- \nages in perception. In The Interpretation of Dreams, Freud describes dream \nimages as competing in intensity and superimposition (p. 359), and color im- \npressions are given hallucinatory clarity in relation to the mnemic residues \n(p. 586).9\n\n\n \n\nIn On Dreams, dreams are described as \u201cdisconnected fragments of visu- \nal images\u201d (p. 40).10 Dream images do not appear in relation to the insertion \nby the subject of itself into the field; they are independent of the\ninteraction \nbetween a representation of the subject and the Vorstellungsrepr\u00e4sentanzen. \nthough the object identifications of the subject are present in the dream. The \nposition of the subject in the dream then, for Lacan, \u201cis profoundly that of \nsomeone who does not see. The subject does not see where it is leading, he \nfollows\u201d (The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psycho-Analysis, p. 75). The \ndream is not a product of perception, organized in relation to the subject. \nSeeing in perception is impossible in the dream. The subject will never \u201cbe \nable to apprehend himself in the dream in the way in which, in the Cartesian \ncogito, he apprehends himself as thought.\u201d The relation between the Imagi-\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 637415, "type": "text", "content": "projection obscured the importance of the reality of actual bodily pleasure.\nWe have allowed \nidenti\ufb01cation with the re-externalized imago to compensate for the life\nenergies we sacri\ufb01ced to \nthe projection. The \ufb01rst goal of the intensi\ufb01cation of life is to dissolve the\nsubjugated \nconsciousness that feels itself impotent.\n\n\n \n\nIntensity makes us feel our belongingness-to-others The recognition that\nsocial relations \nare between real, embodied human being is a key to overcoming that fetishism\nthat generates \nthe sensation that autonomous relations between simulacra has become the core\nreality for \npresent-day metaphysics. It is important to remember the psychological\nconditions that allow \nrelations between things, or between images, is a certain measure of anomie.\nThe antidote to \nthat anomie is intensity.\n\n\n \n\nA cinema of radical perception must take the place of the cinema of ideas\n(which, \nanalytically, includes all narrative \ufb01lms) because only such a cinema can be\ntruly spontaneous. \nThe idea inevitably compromises with Power. I believe fervently that the\nartists of the future will \nmake immediacy their most radical demand. Only spontaneous attunement to the\ngift of the \ngiven, the immediate consciousness of lived experience can overcome the sense\nthat the \ndialectic of identi\ufb01cation is one that inevitably involves strife. In\nextemporaneous creative \nattunement to the gift of the given, we discover that self-denial is the\nassumption of the true self, \nthat by abandoning our limited selves, we become more truly ourselves, that we\nbecome what \nwe behold. This way of getting out of oneself occurs through the discovery of\noneself as \ndispersed through all that is\n\n\n \n\nMore important yet is to forego imposing conceptual order upon experience.\nTerry \nEagleton points out that \u201cthe thing must not be grasped as a mere\ninstantiation of some \nuniversal essence, instead, thought must deploy a whole cluster of stubbornly\nspeci\ufb01c concepts \nwhich in Cubist style refract the object in myriad directions or penetrate it\nfrom a range of diffuse \nangles. In this way, the phenomenal sphere is itself persuaded to yield up a\nkind of noumenal \ntruth, as the microscopic gaze estranges the everyday into the remarkable.\u201d\nThis is just what I \nreferred to in \u201cThe Cinema We Need\u201d by a cinema of experiences, not a cinema\nof ideas \u2013 that it \nwould eschew concepts that serve as laws that govern images.\n\n\n \n\nWe intensify the image by steering it towards immediate perception. Immediate \nperception, too, is attentive to what is, to the gift of the given. Thus, it\ncombats the devaluation of \nthe everyday realm. A cinema of immediate perception is opposed to the world\nof the spectacle, \nto the devaluation of the real world of actual, everyday pleasure through the\nspectacle.\n\n\n \n\nSpontaneity, too, intensi\ufb01es the image. Spontaneity blasts open the prison-\nhouse of \nfalse-consciousness, the alienated m\u00e9connaissance of the society of the\nspectacle, \nconsciousness which turns the subject against his or her real interests. It\nblasts apart the \nsedimentation of the self in the petri\ufb01ed projections of the spectacle, and\ncarries us away in the \nd\u00e9rive.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3277057, "type": "text", "content": "ELIZABETH GROSZ\n\n\nsmaller size.31 These experiments demonstrate that the embryo is not a\nphysical or geometric surface, capable \nof being divided into separable parts, but a metaphysical surface, an absolute\nsurface that is fully aware of itself \nand reconstitutes itself, its theme, as much as possible in the event of\ndrastic external interventions or internal \ndisruptions. Ruyer uses Driesch to show the embryo\u2019s organic tune even as its\ndevelopment is interrupted. \nThe tune precedes its performance, and the beings-to-become who perform it.\nThe embryo, intent on its own \nformation, continues this process even in the midst of dramatic interruptions.\nEven if damaged or wounded, it \ncontinues to make itself. Ruyer considers the embryo as an organ that makes\norgans. Its organs are evoked only \nthrough the collective or organic memory that is the theme the embryo plays.32\n\n\nAll consciousness, from the atom to the unicellular organism to the embryo and\nthe brain, has, for Ruyer, thus \ntwo conditions or factors at play: the absolute surface with which it is in\ndirect touch without the need for or- \ngans or distance; and the mnemic theme to be played by the organism as it\nforms itself. The inventiveness of the \norganism is its capacity to play out these mnemic themes within the absolute\nsurface on which it makes itself, \nutilizing or inducing the movement of self-formation in the direction of these\nthemes, with them as final goal.33\n\n\nThe difference between the delocalized, equipotential embryo which forms a\nbrain, and the brain that is be- \ning formed, is the kind of relation between the inside and the outside that\nthe brain creates. While the embryo \noccupies an Umwelt, whether this is the womb, a larval home or an egg, it is\nunaware of this milieu, focusing \nentirely on its processes of self-formation. As far as it is concerned, like\nthe protozoon, it has no awareness of \nan exterior. By contrast, the brain operates through an absolute overview, in\na perspectiveless immediacy, not \nonly on its own form, but is directed to external forms, forms that have been\nilluminated and made relevant by \nsensory or perceptual impingements: \u201c...in our organism there is a special\nregion, the brain, or more precisely \nthe cerebral cortex, where the absolute organic overview is applied not to its\nown form but to external forms \nprojected onto it by sensory equipment.\u201d34\n\n\nThe brain is an embryo that is never complete, never fully grown, an embryo\nwith no individual as its goal, \nnot only in touch with its current forms and its future potential, but also\nwith the external forces that enable \nit to invent new circuits and pathways between the inside and the outside. The\nbrain, like the embryo, must \nbe in touch with not only its thematic potential but also with the resources\nto make this potential capable of \nactualization. The brain is an unfinished embryo: \u201cthe brain, in the adult\norganism, is an area that has remained \nembryonic\u201d. Hence, \u201cthe brain is an embryo that has not completed its growth.\nThe embryo is a brain, which \nbegins to organize itself before organizing the external world\u201d.35\n\n\nThe brain enables the connections to open up between the organic, internal\ncircuits and external circuits that \nmark both its behavior as a living being and the milieu or Umwelt in which it\nresides. It remains in touch with \nthe metabiological themes of the organism, the tunes its body performs, but\nalso with the spatiotemporal activi- \nties that it undertakes.36 The brain is thus the conjunction of the embodied\nbeing, who lives in a specific place \nand time, and the thoroughly open directedness of mnemic or incorporeal\nthemes, the ways in which one cuts \nthrough and intervenes into the other. It is exists as it were mid-way between\nmaterial objects and incorporeal \nthemes, inventing ways to connect them, a truly rhizomatic organism within the\norganism.37\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3277062, "type": "text", "content": "ELIZABETH GROSZ\n\n\n17\\. \u201cThe fundamental paradox, which is the origin of all the others, is that\na domain of primary consciousness is in \n\u2018absolute survey\u2019\u2014that is to say without any need of an external scanning\u2014that\nit possesses a kind of autovision without \ngaze. This character has no analogy in classical physics, but it does in\nmicrophysics because the domains of consciousness \ncome directly from microphysics, which are already in autosurvey... It is very\ndifficult to admit that a protoplasm, a \nmolecular edifice, an embryo, an organic tissue or a cortex, are conscious of\nthemselves (possess their own form) before \nbecoming, by added modulation, conscious of the form of other beings, and\nwithout being obliged to pass by this detour.\u201d \nRuyer, Paradoxes de la conscience et limites de l\u2019automatisme. Paris: Albin\nMichel, 1966, 167. \n18\\. \u201cThere is no reason to deny to our non-cortical cells, even if they have\nno nervous system, a subjectivity, primary \nconsciousness, self-survey, the self-enjoyment of their own form. \u2018I\u2019 don\u2019t\nparticipate in this self-enjoyment because \u2018I\u2019 am \nspecialized in sensory consciousness.\u201d Ruyer, N\u00e9o-finalisme. Paris: PUF, 1952,\n104. \n19\\. As Deleuze affirms, the atom, particles of all kinds, bear this primary\nform, self-enjoyment, which thus ripples from the \ninorganic world to mark the organic:\n\n\nEvery time that we have attributable individual beings that are not content\nwith mere functioning, but that are \nendlessly \u2018being formed\u2019, these true forms do not only apply to living\norganisms, but to physical and chemical \nparticles, to molecules, atoms and photons. Although the inner variety of\nforms accounts for difference between \nthe organic and the inorganic, the question does not thus concern a matter of\nvitalism. No matter what, genuine \nor absolute forms are primary forms, essentially individual and active primary\nunities, that actualize a virtuality \nor a potential, and that are in harmony with each other without any one being\ndetermined by any other... \n(Gilles Deleuze, The Fold, 103)\n\n\n20\\. Ruyer, Gen\u00e8se, 261\u20132.\n\n\n \n\n21\\. Ruyer Raymond, \u201cThe Status of the Future\u201d, 37. \n\u201cThe swimming movements of a fish, a reptile or a swimming mammal are not a\nseries of local reflexes. It has been proven \nthat they depend on a unitary theme of swimming, for this theme of swimming\nalready appears in the embryo, even before \nthe members that execute it are completely formed.\u201d (Ruyer, \u201cThe Status of the\nFuture\u201d, 42) \n22\\. \u201cIt is a surface seized in all its details, without a third dimension. It\nis an \u2018absolute surface\u2019, that is not relative to any \npoint of view exterior to itself, which knows itself without observing\nitself.\u201d (Ruyer, N\u00e9o-Finalisme, 98) \n23\\. \u201cEvery authentic form is in time as well as in space. It subsists in time\nby translating a potential, of itself untemporal, \ninto space. Embryogenesis is mnemic. The potential is a memory... There is no\nindividualizing entelechy. The life-giving \nbreath is organic memory. If there is a breath, it is more like the action of\na theater prompter, which is nothing more than \nthe memory of the species.\u201d (Ruyer, N\u00e9o-Finalisme, 32) \n24\\. \u201cInstinct, memory, values, are real (in the widest sense and excluding\netymology) these forms of reality are knowable, \nthey are sources of information, without being \u201creal objects,\u201d which may be\nreferred to substantively, located in space, and \nwhich emit photons. Their reality is always adverbial. An animal acts\ninstinctively, it is informed by a specific instinctive \nparticipation: it never consults something called the \u201cinstinct.\u201d Man speaks\nhis mother tongue mnemically, without having \nto consult his memory as if it were an inner grammar or dictionary. Man acts,\nthinks, and creates validly, veraciously, \naesthetically, without aiming at a \u201csubstantive\u201d value (such as Beauty,\nGoodness, Truth) which would be very awkward and \nat the same very pedantic, and would risk making his efforts sterile.\u201d Raymond\nRuyer. \u201cDialectic Aspects of Belief.\u201d Trans. \nS.J. Greenleaves. Diogenes 15:60 (1967, 78). \n25\\. Ruyer, N\u00e9o-Finalisme, 26. \n26\\. Ruyer, N\u00e9o-Finalisme, 27. \n27\\. Ruyer, N\u00e9o-Finalisme, 29. \n28\\. \u201cIn the young embryo everything is as yet undifferentiated, as in a\nunicellular organism: the cells are at the same time \ncapable of reproduction and of self-guidance. In the same way a single cell is\nentirely its own brain, it is entirely gamete of \nitself. It is also its own body (in the sense of the whole of the auxiliary\norgans). The same is true for a young embryo. But an \nembryo, with the difference of the protozoan, knows how to manufacture itself\nby making use of itself, of its massive organs \nof behavior as well as of its massive organs of reproduction, utilizable by\nthose of its own cells that are kept at its disposal \nfor improvisations in \u2018absolute surface\u2019.\u201d (Raymond Ruyer, \u201cThe Mystery of\nReproduction and the Limits of Automatism.\u201d \nDiogenes (December 12 1964, 62). \n29\\. \u201cAn egg, an embryo in its initial stage, acts like a unicellular entity.\nIt deforms itself with regard to its overall form: an \nabsolute overview (that is, an overview without a point of external overview,\nwhich would be perpendicular to the surface or \nthe volume), this \u2018paradoxical\u2019 overview (paradoxical for us), is the very\nfact that the unicellular entity or the young embryo \nis not a point or a series of points, but a delocalized form that is \u2018seen\u2019\n(with quotation marks), but which is not seen (without \nquotation marks).\u201d Ruyer, \u201cThe Status of the Future\u201d, 25. \n30\\. Ruyer, \u201cThe Status of the Future\u201d, 43. Ruyer says: \u201cThis subjective\n\u201cindividuality\u201d without subject normally distributes \nitself into sub-individualities, into a multitude of secondary and tertiary\ncraftsmen who are responsible for forming particular\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 129937, "type": "text", "content": "9\n\n\n \n\n# John Hendrix\n\n\nc ourse of the Other, which is the unconscious, which can be seen in vision as \nwell.\n\n\n \n\nThe Gaze shows itself in the dream, in the absence of the subject, and in \nthe absence of the organization of the Imaginary space of the dream by the \nsubject in perception. Dream space and dream images are structured differ- \nently than vision in perception. In perception, the image of the subject, the \ngestalt, orthopedic, self-reflected body image formulated in the mirror stage \nis the orienting point for the construction of perception by the subject, as\nthe \nImaginary ego in object orientation in language. As a vanishing point in per- \nspective construction, everything in perception is oriented to the subject and \norganized in accordance\u2014spatial recession, hierarchies of scale, vertical and \nhorizontal differentiations, as a grid placed on the world, as if there were a \ngrid on the luminous embroidered veil in Plato\u2019s Republic. The structuring of \nwhat is seen in perception is given by the structuring of language, when the \nimago of the primordial Imaginary experience is transformed into a mecha- \nnism for the ordering of the psyche, when the fragmentary and dispersed \nquality of what is seen in experience prior to the mirror stage is re- \nconstituted in relation to the subject, the Imaginary ego, and reordered to\ncor- \nrespond to the Symbolic in language.\n\n\n \n\nAs the subject is elided from vision, as the distinctions between subject \nand object and exterior and interior are dissolved, so are the distinctions\n\u201cbe- \ntween the real and the imaginary, between waking and sleeping, between ig- \nnorance and knowledge,\u201d as described by Roger Caillois in \u201cMimicry and \nLegendary Psychasthenia\u201d (October 31, p. 17),8 in which the necessity of \nmind is fused with the necessity of the universe. In dreams, the particular \nquality of the image is that it does not correspond to the perception of the \nsubject inserted into language, although linguistic structures are seen to\ncom- \npose the dream. The Symbolic is present in the dream, in the latent content in \nthe dream, the dream thought, as revealed by Freud, and the Imaginary is \npresent in the dream, as images in the dream are products of the object iden- \ntification of the subject, and there is a transformative process between the\nla- \ntent and manifest content of the dream, as Freud has shown, between the \nSymbolic and Imaginary, as it were. The difference between the dream and \nwaking perception seems to be that the interaction between the Symbolic and \nImaginary which constitutes the subject in conscious perception is missing in \nthe experience of the dream.\n\n\n \n\nAs dream images are the Vorstellungsrepr\u00e4sentanzen, the representation \nwhich takes the place of the mnemic residue, the connection between the\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}]	If the Imaginary ego organizes perception by orienting it to the gestalt in the mirror stage, how might the absence of this orientation impact a subject's perception in conscious and unconscious states?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 156, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 399503, "type": "text", "content": " \n\n# DRESS CODE BYLAWS\n\n\n# For County Match Play:\n\n\n \n\n# Women:\n\n\n \n\nA). For attending Inter County and Presidents\u2019 matches the regulation dress\nshall be: White skirt, culottes, tailored trousers or \ntailored cropped trousers; County shirt and Dark Blue blazer unless player has\na National Blazer. For Presidents\u2019 matches \nplayers who do not have a County or National Blazer may wear their club\nblazer/jacket. \nFor Match Play in All Matches shall be White skirt, culottes, tailored\ntrousers, tailored cropped trousers or shorts, County \nB). shirt and either a County or white jacket (if worn), shoes of an approved\npattern. Brown tights and stockings are optional. \nWhite ankle socks may be worn with trousers and only \u201cFootsies\u201d with culottes,\ncropped trousers and shorts. \nMen: \nA). For attending Inter County and Presidents\u2019 matches the regulation dress\nshall be: grey tailored trousers, dark blue blazer \nunless the player has a National Blazer, white collared shirt and county tie.\nFor Presidents\u2019 matches players who do not \nhave a dark blue blazer or National blazer may wear their club blazer/jacket.\nPlayers may if they wish arrive dressed for \nmatch play, ie County shirt and white or grey trousers but must change into\nregulation dress with blazer, collar & tie for the \nmeal and after match formalities \nB). For Match Play in All Matches shall be white tailored trousers or Bowls\nEngland Regulation shorts, County shirt with either \nCounty or white jacket (if worn), shoes of an approved pattern and if worn\nsocks, belts and braces to be white.\n\n\n \n\n# F or Competition Play: All Players\n\n\n \n\nA). All competitors shall wear grey below the waist with predominantly white\ntops and shoes of an approved pattern in all \nrounds up to semi-final stage. For semi-final and final stages of all\ncompetitions players shall wear predominantly white. \nB). Club coloured clothing and shorts of correct colour may be worn in all\nrounds.\n\n\n# G eneral for both Match & Competition Play: All Players\n\n\n \n\nA). Sandals are not permitted in any match except in medical circumstances\nwhere a doctor\u2019s note has been provided. \nB). When Club apparel is worn all members of the side or team shall wear the\nsame design provided it has been registered with \nthe county. \nC). Players governed by requirements of a specific ethnic culture will be\npermitted to wear their traditional dress if they desire. \nD). Tracksuits, shell suits and jeans are not acceptable. \nE). Headgear, if worn, should be white or a registered colour. \nF). Socks, if visible, shall be white (grey if grey trousers are worn) \nG). Tights or stockings are optional at all times. If worn they must be in\nshades of brown. \nH). Waterproof clothing when worn shall be predominantly white or County\ncolours for Match Play. For competitions \nwaterproof clothing shall be mostly white or the Registered coloured\nwaterproof clothing/fleeces.\n\n\n# P layer Violation:\n\n\n \n\nA). Any player who contravenes these Dress Code Rules in competition play will\nbe liable to disqualification from that \ncompetition if they are unable to comply with the Dress Code Rules at that\ntime. \nB). Any player who contravenes these Dress Code Rules in County Match play\nwill be liable to be substituted in that match if \nthey are unable to comply with the Dress Code Rules at that time.\n\n\n1\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3430804, "type": "text", "content": "Softball \u2013 Athletes will wear appropriate uniforms. Jerseys will include the\nSpecial Olympics Utah and \ndelegation logo. The uniform shirt must have 4-inch numbers on the front and\n6-inch numbers on the back. \nGym-type shoes or softball cleats are appropriate. Metal cleats are allowed\nfor softball.\n\n\n \n\nSOUT approved budget items: jerseys, matching shorts or pants, socks, hats \nAthlete responsibilities: appropriate shoes or cleat\n\n\nBowling - Athletes must wear collared shirts and slacks, shorts, or athletic\nstyle pants or shorts. Bowling or \ngym shoes will be worn. No open toed shoes will be permitted. Denim jeans are\nnot allowed.\n\n\n \n\nSOUT approved budget items: collared shirts \nAthlete responsibilities: slacks, shorts, or athletic style pants or shorts\nand bowling or gym shoes\n\n\n \n\nBasketball \u2013 Athletes will wear appropriate basketball uniforms. Jerseys \nand matching shorts will include the Special Olympics Utah and \ndelegation logo. The uniform shirt must have 4-inch numbers on the \nfront and 6-inch on the back. Gym shoes must be worn. \nSOUT approved budget items: jerseys and matching shorts \nAthlete responsibilities: appropriate gym shoes\n\n\nBocce \u2013 Athletes must wear collared shirts and slacks, shorts, or athletic\nstyle \npants or shorts. Gym shoes will be worn. No open toed shoes will be permitted. \nDenim and spiked shoes are not allowed.\n\n\n \n\nSOUT approved budget items: collared shirts \nAthlete responsibilities: slacks, shorts, or athletic style pants or shorts\nand gym shoes\n\n\n \n\nSoccer \u2013 Athletes will wear appropriate uniforms. Jerseys will include the\nSpecial \nOlympics Utah and delegation logo. The uniform shirt must have 4-inch numbers \non the front and 6-inch numbers on the back. Gym-type shoes or cleats soccer\nsocks are appropriate. Metal \ncleats are not allowed in soccer.\n\n\n \n\nSOUT approved budget items: jerseys, matching shorts, socks, shin guards \nAthlete responsibilities: appropriate shoes or cleat\n\n\n20 Special Olympics Utah\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3466663, "type": "text", "content": "# Club Events Guest Guidelines\n\n\n \n\nWelcome to Baltimore Country Club!\n\n\nPrior to coming to our Club, we encourage you to review our policies \nand traditions, as we want to ensure that you enjoy your stay with us.\n\n\n \n\nWe look forward to your visit.\n\n\n# Club Events Dress Code\n\n\n \n\nCountry Club Casual \nRequired standards at Roland Park and Five Farms\n\n\n \n\nGentlemen & Boys\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Standard: Collared dress shirts or collared polo-style shirts, sweaters,\ndress slacks, which include cotton chinos and dress \nshorts. Collared shirts are required to be worn underneath sweaters \n\u2022 Acceptable: Neatly tailored blue denim jeans with finished hems. Dress\nconforming to the Club\u2019s Golf and Tennis Dress \npolicies are permitted in the Tap Room, Terrace Room and on the Tap Porch, on\nthe Tilly Porch, and on the Patios at Five \nFarms. Squash and Paddle Tennis attire are permitted on the Grille Porch and\nin the Maryland Room at Roland Park \n\u2022 Not Acceptable: Denim shirts and denim jackets or denim jeans with rips,\nfrays, tears, worn, faded or \u201cacid washed\u201d. T-shirts, \ncollarless shirts, tank tops, hoodies, gym shorts or spandex, athletic gear\nwith team logos or numeric jerseys, camouflage \npatterns, apparel decorated with multiple letters, characters, or symbols,\noveralls, cargo-style pants, cut- offs of any length, \nbathing suits, open-toed shoes, Crocs \u00ae, Croc\u00ae -like shoes, or sandals, rubber\nflip flops or bare feet\n\n\n \n\nIt is recommended for gentlemen wearing appropriate denim to wear a blazer or\nsport coat\n\n\n \n\n# Ladies & Girls\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Standard: Dresses, blouses, dress tops, collarless dress shirts, collared\nshirts, sweaters, skirts, dress slacks, and dress shorts. \nAll dresses, rompers, skirts, and shorts must reach a minimum of mid-thigh in\nlength. Dresses, rompers, and tops must be \nmodest with no plunging neckline \n\u2022 Acceptable: Neatly tailored blue denim jeans with finished hems, Dress\nsandals, open-toed shoes, dress hats, Dress \nconforming to the Club\u2019s Golf and Tennis Dress policies are permitted in the\nTap Room, Terrace Room and on the Tap Porch, \non the Tilly Porch, and on the Patios at Five Farms. Squash and Paddle Tennis\nattire are permitted on the Grille Porch and in \nthe Maryland Room at Roland Park \n\u2022 Not Acceptable: Denim dresses, denim skirts, denim shorts, denim shirts,\ndenim jackets or denim jeans with rips, frays, \ntears, worn, faded or \u201cacid washed\u201d. T-shirts, hoodies, gym shorts or spandex,\nathletic gear with team logos or numeric \njerseys, apparel decorated with multiple letters, characters, or symbols,\ncamouflage patterns. Overalls or cargo-style pants. \nShorts, skirts, dresses, and rompers that do not meet the minimum length of\nmid-thigh. Tops that have a plunging neckline, \nshow an inappropriate amount of the chest area, or expose the midriff. Cut-\noffs of any length, bathing suits, rubber flip flops, \nor bare feet\n\n\nPage 1 of 2\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 959275, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='80' style='font-size:14px'>administrator.</h1>\n<h1 id='81' style='font-size:14px'>H. Dress Code</h1>\n<br><p id='82' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>All clothing should be appropriately sized and must be free of holes, rips, or tears.<br>Shirts</p>\n<br><p id='83' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u25cf Solid color polo\u2019s (both long and short sleeve) without logos may be worn in the following colors: red,<br>yellow, black, white, navy, light blue, and gray (no neon).<br>\u25cf Solid color collared dress shirts without logos (buttons down the front) in the above-approved colors.<br>\u25cf Shirts must be tucked in at all times and shirts must be long enough to stay tucked in.<br>\u25cf Shirts must be buttoned up so as to reflect Christian modesty (one button from the top) and should be<br>modest in fit (not too tight).</p>\n<br><p id='84' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u25cf Xavier and Regis approved dress code shirts (polos with Regis/Xavier school logos) may be worn.<br>Sweaters</p>\n<br><p id='85' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u25cf Solid color traditional crew neck, V-neck, or cardigan sweaters without logos and without hoods may be<br>worn in the following colors: red, yellow, black, white, navy, light blue, and gray (no neon).</p>\n<br><p id='86' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u25cf A dress code shirt (see above) must be worn under sweaters and shirts must be tucked in.<br>\u25cf Sweaters must be long sleeved and at least waist length.</p>\n<br><h1 id='87' style='font-size:14px'>Sweatshirts/Fleece/Crewneck</h1>\n<br><p id='88' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u25cf Approved Dress Code Regis Quarter Zip Fleece/Crewneck sweatshirt in Red, Navy, or Gray.<br>\u25cf Approved XHS Dress Code Quarter Zip and/or Crew Neck Sweatshirt may be worn.<br>\u25cf A dress code shirt (see above) must be worn under sweatshirts/fleece and shirts must be tucked in.</p>\n<br><h1 id='89' style='font-size:14px'>Pants</h1>\n<br><p id='90' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u25cf Khaki, Navy, Black or Gray Colored dress pants may be worn (no Cargo pants).</p>\n<br><h1 id='91' style='font-size:14px'>Shorts/Capris</h1>\n<br><p id='92' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u25cf Before October 1st and starting May 1st, girls and boys may wear khaki or navy shorts.<br>\u25cf During the same time period, girls may wear capri pants.<br>\u25cf Shorts are to be no shorter than mid-thigh in length (measured by four fingers width above the knee)<br>and no longer than the knee.<br>\u25cf Cargo shorts may be worn.<br>\u25cf If weather conditions warrant, other days may be designated by the principal.</p>\n<br><h1 id='93' style='font-size:14px'>Hats/Outerwear/Other</h1>\n<br><p id='94' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u25cf No hats, caps, sunglasses, or other head coverings are permitted.<br>\u25cf No coats, jackets, or sweatshirts other than the approved Regis or Xavier fleece should be worn during<br>the school day<br>\u25cf No buttons/pins, logos, slogans, or stickers may be worn.</p>\n<br><h1 id='95' style='font-size:14px'>Watches</h1>\n<br><p id='96' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u25cf Smart watches can only be worn to check the time and will be taken away if used for other reasons such as<br>connecting to your phone. Disciplinary action regarding smart watches is the same as cell phones. (See<br>Cell Phone Policy).</p>\n<br><h1 id='97' style='font-size:14px'>Jewelry and Makeup</h1>\n<br><p id='98' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u25cf Only girls may wear earrings. Earrings are allowed only in the ears and must be in good taste.<br>\u25cf Only natural foundation (cover-up), mascara and clear lip-gloss may be worn by girls. No other makeup<br>is allowed.</p>\n<br><h1 id='99' style='font-size:14px'>Hair</h1>\n<br><p id='100' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u25cf Hair is to be neat and well groomed. No extreme hairstyles (including faux hawks, Mohawks, feathers,<br>non-natural hair colors, colored extensions, or other trends) are allowed.</p>\n<h1 id='101' style='font-size:14px'>Shoes</h1>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 111627, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='27' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(524,67); bottom-right:(728,233)\" /></figure>\n<p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>interpreted as undergarments, gender notwithstanding. Clothing that reveals an excess of bare skin,<br>specifically genitals, chest, or buttocks, must not be worn. Body-conforming clothing that hugs<br>genitals must not be worn. These guidelines are applicable to all event participants, regardless of<br>gender. Attire that imitates armed forces or law enforcement or appears to threaten the safety of<br>event participants is also prohibited. Heart Rhythm 2021 show management reserves the right to<br>make determinations on appropriate attire. Participants in attire that Heart Rhythm 2021 show<br>management deems objectionable may be asked to alter their attire or may be removed from the<br>event premises.</p>\n<p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>All Heart Rhythm 2021 In-Person participants must have and visibly wear their HRS-issued badge<br>at all times to enter any official Heart Rhythm 2021 venue, exhibit area, conference, or authorized<br>events. Badges are the property of HRS and may not be resold, transferred to, or shared with others.<br>Badges may be revoked by HRS show management for violations of this Code of Conduct.</p>\n<p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Participants asked to stop any behavior in violation of this code are expected to comply<br>immediately. This code provides general guidelines and cannot cover every possible type of<br>unacceptable behavior. HRS reserves the right to apply corrective action to instances other than the<br>specific examples noted. HRS participants violating these rules may be sanctioned or expelled from<br>the event and any and all future events without a refund at the discretion of HRS management.</p>\n<p id='31' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>HRS reserves the right to take any action that is reasonably necessary, in the sole judgment of HRS,<br>for the protection of HRS, its participants, including but not limited, to exhibitors and/or attendees.</p>\n<h1 id='32' style='font-size:14px'>Registering on Behalf of Someone Else</h1>\n<p id='33' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>If you are registering on behalf of anyone other than yourself, you represent that you are authorized<br>to complete their registration, accept the Terms and Conditions on behalf of each person you<br>register, and that the information you provide is accurate. You agree to be solely liable for damages<br>as a result of any information you provide, including opting-in to receiving communications at<br>another individual\u2019s email address. You agree to indemnify and hold harmless Heart Rhythm<br>Society, its officers, directors, employees, agents and affiliates from all liability, damages, judgments,<br>and costs (including reasonable attorneys\u2019 fees) for any claims brought by or on behalf of any third<br>party arising from your conduct, misconduct, or negligence in completing this registration on<br>another\u2019s behalf. You agree to provide a copy of these Terms and Conditions to any individual you<br>register.</p>\n<h1 id='34' style='font-size:14px'>Third Party Mailings Opt-Out</h1>\n<p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>HRS does not sell registration mailing lists for Heart Rhythm 2021. There are instances when an<br>exhibitor or sponsor may receive, as part of a sponsorship package, the registrant\u2019s contact information<br>provided during registration. As part of this distribution, you may receive information on related</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2593022, "type": "text", "content": "# HUDSON HIGHLANDS CASUAL \nSUMMER DOG SHOW\n\n\n \n\nWe can't beat heat, so we ask that all exhibitors and judges dress accordingly\nwith casual \nsummer clothes. Summer casual includes golf clothes, Bermuda shorts, etc. No\njeans, short \nshorts, sandals or halter tops will be permitted. Men are requested NOT to\nwear sport coats or \nties. We want you to be comfortable, and we want you to have fun. Commercial\nfans will be \navailable under the main exhibition tent, and in the grooming tent to\ncirculate the air to keep \ndogs and people cool. Water and ice will be available under the show tent each\nday.\n\n\n7\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 111628, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='36' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(523,67); bottom-right:(728,233)\" /></figure>\n<p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>products and services by way of mail. HRS does not share email addresses via these mailing lists. You<br>may opt-out of receiving any postal mail related to Heart Rhythm 2021, in your HRS Profile under<br>\"Communications.\" If you receive email or phone solicitations offering the sale of Heart Rhythm 2021<br>mailing lists, please block the sender and report emails as spam.</p>\n<p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>HRS will retain the personal data associated with your registration record for six years. If you need to<br>obtain a copy of the information you have submitted or wish to request that HRS delete your data, you<br>must send a written request to hrs@csreg.zohodesk.com. Once you request your data be deleted, HRS<br>will no longer be able to confirm your participation in the meeting for any reason, including eligibility<br>for earning CME/CE credit or MOC points.</p>\n<h1 id='39' style='font-size:14px'>Children at Heart Rhythm 2021</h1>\n<p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>While childcare services are not offered at Heart Rhythm 2021, attendees who are unable to<br>find alternative childcare may bring their children to the meeting. You will not be required to<br>pay a registration fee for your child. A few restrictions are in place to provide a safe and proper<br>learning environment for all:</p>\n<br><p id='41' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Strollers will not be permitted in session rooms, the Innovation Expo, or Abstract<br>Pavilion.<br>\u2022 Parents should monitor their children at all times and respect their fellow attendees by<br>exiting a room if noise or behavior becomes an issue.<br>\u2022 Children will not be allowed in the Innovation Expo or Abstract Pavilion outside of<br>open hours, especially during setup times for the safety of all.<br>\u2022 Children must be under supervision at all times when in session rooms, the Innovation<br>Expo, or the Abstract Pavilion.<br>\u2022 Specific regulations exist for children under age 13 in the digital experience. Please read<br>the below \u201cDigital Experience\u201d for detailed information.</p>\n<p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>A room for nursing mothers will be available onsite with a closed-circuit monitor allowing the ability<br>to watch educational sessions while in the room. A monitored refrigerator will also be available in the<br>HRS office if needed.</p>\n<h1 id='43' style='font-size:14px'>Digital Experience</h1>\n<p id='44' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Attendees will be registered for the Digital Experience \u2013 which will be delivered on-line from June<br>through September 2021. The online virtual meeting platform for Heart Rhythm 2021 (the \u201cPlatform\u201d)<br>is powered by Freeman Audio Visual, LLC (\u201cFreeman\u201d) and your use of the Platform (including any<br>personal data that you submit while using the Platform) are also subject to Freeman\u2019s data processing<br>terms and its Privacy Policy, found at Freeman.com.</p>\n<p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>When accessing the Platform, attendees will be required to log-in to access sessions and</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 111626, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='16' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(524,67); bottom-right:(728,234)\" /></figure>\n<p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>portion of Heart Rhythm 2021 in person, you voluntarily assume all risks related to exposure to<br>COVID-19.<br>By choosing to participate in person, you confirm that you:</p>\n<br><p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022</p>\n<br><p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Are not experiencing any of the following symptoms of COVID-19 identified by the<br>o<br>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention at CDC.gov including but not limited to:</p>\n<br><p id='20' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\uf0a7 Fever or Chills<br>\uf0a7 Cough<br>\uf0a7 Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing<br>\uf0a7 Fatigue<br>\uf0a7 Muscle or Body Aches<br>\uf0a7 Headache<br>\uf0a7 New Loss of Taste or Smell<br>\uf0a7 Sore Throat<br>\uf0a7 Congestion or Runny Nose<br>\uf0a7 Nausea or Vomiting<br>\uf0a7 Diarrhea</p>\n<br><p id='21' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>Have not been in contact with someone with confirmed or suspected COVID-19<br>o<br>symptoms without completing a 14-day quarantine.<br>Are not under any self-quarantine orders.<br>o</p>\n<h1 id='22' style='font-size:14px'>Code of Conduct</h1>\n<p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>HRS strives to provide a safe, inclusive, harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of gender,<br>gender identity and expression, sexual orientation, disability, race, ethnicity, religion, beliefs,<br>citizenship and/or other protected categories. All Heart Rhythm 2021 participants, including<br>attendees, media, speakers, contractors, partners, sponsors, and exhibitor personnel are expected to<br>follow this Code of Conduct at all official Heart Rhythm 2021 venues and events, including both in-<br>person and virtual events.</p>\n<p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>HRS does not tolerate conduct that threatens, intimidates, or coerces another participant during the<br>event, including actions based on an individual's background or any other characteristic protected<br>by federal, state, or local law.</p>\n<p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Firearms, weapons (including weapon replicas), ammunition, dangerous or hazardous devices or<br>substances, and illegal items are prohibited at all official Heart Rhythm 2021 venues and events.<br>Heart Rhythm 2021 participants acknowledge all bags may be subject to search and metal wand<br>screening.</p>\n<p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>HRS expects that all Heart Rhythm 2021 participants will be dressed in clothing considered<br>appropriate and respectful for a professional environment. HRS recommends business or business<br>casual attire. Participants must not be dressed in clothing that is sexually revealing or may be</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 111629, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='46' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(524,67); bottom-right:(729,234)\" /></figure>\n<p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>industry content. Personal data associated with your registration record will be shared with any<br>Industry providing content you access.</p>\n<p id='48' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Your use of the Platform is limited to personal and non-commercial use only. You may not (i) copy,<br>modify, or create derivative works of the Platform, in whole or in part; (ii) rent, lease, lend, sell,<br>license, sublicense, assign, distribute, publish, transfer, or otherwise make available the Platform to<br>any other party; (iii) reverse engineer, disassemble, decompile, decode, adapt, or otherwise attempt to<br>derive or gain access to any software component of the Platform, in whole or in part; (iv) remove any<br>proprietary notices from the Platform; or (v) use the Platform in any manner or for any purpose that<br>infringes, misappropriates, or otherwise violates any intellectual property right or other right of any<br>person, or that violates any applicable law.</p>\n<p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>As a condition of your use of the Platform, you warrant that you will not use the Platform for any<br>purpose that is unlawful or prohibited by our registration terms and conditions. You may not use the<br>Platform in any manner that could damage, disable, overburden, or impair the Platform or interfere<br>with any other party\u2019s use and enjoyment of the Platform. You may not obtain or attempt to obtain<br>any materials or information through any means not intentionally made available or provided for<br>through the Platform. You also may not violate or attempt to violate the security of the Platform or use<br>the Platform to violate the security of other websites owned by HRS.</p>\n<p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>HRS may take whatever remedial action it determines in its sole discretion is appropriate if you engage<br>in any prohibited acts, including, but not limited to, immediate suspension or cancellation of your<br>access to the Platform. You agree that HRS may, in its sole discretion and without prior notice to you,<br>terminate your access to the Platform, including as a result of (i) requests by law enforcement or other<br>government agencies, (ii) a request by you, (iii) discontinuance of the Platform or (iv) unexpected<br>technical issues or problems. Refunds will not be issued to any individual who has their access to the<br>Platform suspended or cancelled.</p>\n<p id='51' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>No one under age 13 is authorized to submit any information to HRS, directly or through the<br>Platform, whether or not it is personal data. Under no circumstances may anyone under age 13 visit<br>or use the Platform.</p>\n<p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>YOU AGREE TO DEFEND, INDEMNIFY, AND HOLD THE HEART RHYTHM SOCIETY<br>HARMLESS FROM AND AGAINST ANY CLAIMS, ACTIONS OR DEMANDS, LIABILITIES AND<br>SETTLEMENTS INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, REASONABLE ATTORNEY\u2019S FEES,<br>RESULTING FROM, OR ALLEGED TO RESULT FROM (I) YOUR ACCESS, VIEWING AND USE<br>OF THE PLATFORM (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY INFORMATION,<br>PERSONAL DATA OR OTHER CONTENT YOU SUBMIT TO THE PLATFORM), (II) YOUR<br>VIOLATION OF THESE REGISTRATION TERMS AND CONDITIONS, (III) YOUR ACTUAL OR<br>ALLEGED INFRINGEMENT OF THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF HRS OR THIRD<br>PARTIES OR (IV) YOUR ACTUAL OR ALLEGED FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH ANY</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1085770, "type": "text", "content": "What should you wear? Suggested attire includes scrubs and running shoes but\n\u201cprofessionally \ncomfortable\u201d clothing is certainly fine. Participants are not permitted to\nwear shorts or open toed\n\n\n\u00a92021 Sladek Conference Services, Inc.\n\n\n \n3\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	A conference encourages wearing business or business-casual attire. Would an outfit that includes gym shorts be appropriate, assuming it's matched with a formal shirt?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 167, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["format reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 2823049, "type": "text", "content": "acre site features a paved parking lot, a restroom building, an improved trail\nto the \nshoreline, and incredible Catalina and ocean views.\n\n\nS horeline Park \u2013 Open Space Preserve: This Park is entirely within the Ocean \nTrails Reserve. The property was acquired from the County of Los Angeles by \nquitclaim deed in November 1997. The size of the property is 52.8 acres. The \nproperty is a re-vegetation site for the mitigation of the Trump National Golf\nClub \nproject that is adjacent. Approximately 41 acres are being restored with\nnative \nvegetation as part of that mitigation. There is a system of trails and a few\ntables and \nbenches near the bluff edge.\n\n\nA rchery Range \u2013 Recreational Passive: The Archery Range parcel has physical\nand \nother constraints that make habitat preservation challenging and restoration\nalmost \nimpossible. Thus, the property is not proposed to be included in the City\u2019s\nNCCP \nPreserve but will remain as an open space parcel. The City will probably need\nto \ngrade the area and repair or replace storm drains in the future in an effort\nto mitigate \nlandslide movement. Additionally, the property is encumbered by an easement\nthat \ngives the adjacent Portuguese Bend Club the right to perform remedial grading\non \nthe parcel on as needed basis.\n\n\nG ateway Park \u2013 Recreational Active: Gateway Park is approximately 17-acres in \nsize, located at the southern tip of the Portuguese Bend Preserve. As part of\nthe \nCoast Vision Plan, Gateway Park was identified to include an equestrian center\nand \na parking lot that would also serve as a trailhead to the Preserve. No\npermanent \nstructures are envisioned on this property due to the active land movement in\nthe \narea.\n\n\nC ity of Los Angeles and Los Angeles County Facilities\n\n\nD eane Dana Friendship Community Regional Park \u2013 Recreational Passive: \nThis park is a 123 acre natural area park located partially (97 acres) in the\nCity and \npartially in the City of Los Angeles. The park offers dramatic panoramic views\nof \nCatalina Island, Los Angeles, and Long Beach Harbors, Los Angeles to the\nnorth, \nand the San Bernardino Mountain ranges. Several hiking trails are on the\nproperty \nas well as restored native habitat areas. The site also includes a 4,000\nsquare foot \nnature center, with indoor and outdoor classrooms. A picnic area, barbecues\nand \nplayground overlook are also within the park boundaries.\n\n\nL os Verdes golf Course \u2013 Recreational Active: Los Verdes Golf Course is a\nfully \ndeveloped 165 acre site which is operated by the County. This facility\ncontains an 18 \nhole, par 72 course with associated facilities (clubhouse, banquet facilities,\ncoffee\n\n\n87\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2824095, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='48' style='font-size:16px'>Change From Agriculture, Hazard and Residential \u2264 1 du/ac<br>to Recreational-Passive for Gateway Park</h1>\n<h1 id='49' style='font-size:14px'>Existing 1975 General Plan Land Use Map</h1>\n<br><p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Proposed General Plan Land Use Map</p>\n<figure><img id='51' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(73,358); bottom-right:(1206,867)\" /></figure>\n<h1 id='52' style='font-size:14px'>[PC Approved 10/22/13]</h1>\n<br><p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>A land use change from Agriculture, Hazard and Residential \u22641 du/ac to Recreational-Passive for Gate-<br>way Park. This property covers an area that was purposely excluded from the Preserve for public recre-<br>ational use at the time the property was purchased by the City in 2005. While originally envisioned to<br>be approximately 25 acres in size, the current Gateway Park area is approximately 17 acres in size. The<br>City-owned areas abutting Gateway Park are proposed to be changed from Agricultural, Open Space<br>Hazard, and Single-Family Residential (less than or equal to 1 dwelling unit/acre) to Open Space Pre-<br>serve and be combined with the adjoining Preserve area.</p>\n<footer id='54' style='font-size:20px'>338</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1990552, "type": "text", "content": "Decision Notice for LU 15-217013 LDS\n\n\n \nPage 5\n\n\n \n\n* Width is measured by placing a rectangle along the minimum front building setback line specified for \nthe zone. The rectangle must have a minimum depth of 40 feet, or extend to the\nrear of the property line, \nwhichever is less.\n\n\nT he remaining site area of 38,181 square feet will be included in an Open\nSpace Tract for the \npurposes of tree and wetland area preservation. This area will not be\ndividable in the future for \nthe purposes of development.\n\n\n \n\nThe findings above show that the applicable density and lot dimension\nstandards are met. \nTherefore, this criterion is met.\n\n\nB . Trees. The standards and approval criteria of Chapter 33.630, Tree\nPreservation, \nmust be met.\n\n\nF indings: The regulations of Chapter 33.630 require that trees be considered\nearly in the \ndesign process with the goal of preserving high value trees and, when\nnecessary, mitigating for \nthe loss of trees.\n\n\nT o satisfy these requirements, the applicant must provide a tree plan that\ndemonstrates, to the \ngreatest extent practicable, the trees to be preserved provide the greatest\nenvironmental and \naesthetic benefits for the site and the surrounding area. The tree plan must\nalso show that \ntrees are suitable for preservation, considering the health and condition of\nthe tree and \ndevelopment impacts anticipated. Tree preservation must be maximized, to the\nextent \npracticable, while allowing for reasonable development considering the\nintensity of development \nallowed in the zone and site constraints, including existing utility easements\nand requirements \nfor services and streets. If the site is in an overlay zone that has\nadditional environmental \nresource protection requirements, the tree plan must demonstrate that the\nbenefits from trees \nare maximized for the site as a whole.\n\n\nT rees that are healthy, native and non-nuisance species, 20 or more inches in\ndiameter and in \ntree groves are the highest priority for preservation. Additional\nconsiderations include trees \nthat are slower growing native species, buffering natural resources,\npreventing erosion and \nslope destabilization and limiting impacts on adjacent sites.\n\n\nS ome trees are exempt from the requirements of this chapter, if they are\nunhealthy, a nuisance \nspecies, within 10 feet of a building to remain on the site, within an\nexisting right-of-way, or \nwithin an environmental zone.\n\n\nI n order to identify which trees are subject to these requirements, the\napplicant provided an \nexisting conditions survey (Exhibit C.1) that shows the location and size of\ntrees on and \nadjacent to the site and a tree preservation plan (Exhibit C.6) that shows an\naerial photo of the \nsite with the proposed tree preservation area and wetland preservation located\nprimarily within \nTract A, an open space tract, but also extending onto Lots 1 and 3. The\napplicant also provided \na Tree Preservation Table (Exhibit A.5) that identifies each surveyed tree,\nwhether or not the \ntree is within the tree preservation area, and the size of the tree.\n\n\nT he entire site is approximately 2.5 acres. Based on the information provided\nby the applicant, \n96,388 square feet of tree canopy is subject to the preservation requirements\nof this chapter. \nAccording to the applicant\u2019s narrative, the proposed Tree Preservation Area\nprotects nearly half \nthe trees and canopy on the site, covers most of the steeply\u2013sloped western\nportion of the site, \nand covers both identified wetland area on the site. The applicant proposes to\nretain\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3446522, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='34' style='font-size:14px'>Page 16</header>\n<h1 id='35' style='font-size:20px'>III. Summary of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures</h1>\n<p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The following table summarizes the potential impacts of the Modified Project, the mitigation measures to be \u201ccarried<br>over\u201d from the current approved master development plan, and the additional mitigation measures under the<br>proposed, amended MDP.</p>\n<table id='37' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td colspan=\"4\">TABLE 4 Summary of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures</td></tr><tr><td>Resource</td><td>Potential Impacts</td><td>Mitigation Measures: Approved Master Development Plan</td><td>Additional Mitigation: Proposed MDP</td></tr><tr><td>S OILS AND GEOLOGY</td><td>\uf0a7 The project will disturb 243\u00b1 acres of the site. Of this, approximately 112 acres of disturbance will be related to redevelopment of the golf course where soils have previously been disturbed. \uf0a7 Approximately 105 acres of the disturbance will be to areas with a slope of 15% or greater. Of this, approximately 10.3 acres of disturbance will occur on the portion of the project site north of Route 44 (the Vineyard Cottages area). A total of 20 acres out of the 105 acres of disturbance will be to areas with a slope of 30%</td><td>\uf0a7 Impacts to soils and geology will be minimized through erosion control measures and the establishment of Best Management Practices, as outlined in the New York State Stormwater Management Design Manual (2003) and New York Standards and Specifications for Erosion and Sediment Control (August 2005).. \uf0a7 Redundant Soil and Erosion Control measures may be utilized upslope of sensitive areas around Amenia/Cascade Brook and NYSDEC Wetland AM-15. \uf0a7 Impacts from grading activities will be temporary and be fully mitigated by use of low retaining walls, soil stabilization and re-vegetation with native species. \uf0a7 Any blasting operations will adhere to New York State ordinances governing the use of explosives. Applicable blasting certifications will be obtained and blasting</td><td>\uf0a7 Erosion and sediment control measures are designed in accordance with the New York State Stormwater Management Design Manual (August 2010). \uf0a7 The road network vertical and horizontal alignments have been adjusted to follow the natural topography to further minimize grading impacts. \uf0a7 The relocation of the south entrance reduces the clearing and grading adjacent to the wetland buffer and west of Route 22.</td></tr></table>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3446526, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='0' style='font-size:14px'>Page 20</header>\n<table id='1' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td colspan=\"4\">TABLE 4 Summary of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures</td></tr><tr><td>Resource</td><td>Potential Impacts</td><td>Mitigation Measures: Approved Master Development Plan</td><td>Additional Mitigation: Proposed MDP</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>complex, but no impacts to this plant are anticipated. \uf0a7 Approximately 536 acres or 80% of the site will be permanently protected by a conservation easement. This includes approximately 320 acres of natural woodland and wetland, 43 acres of field, meadow, and revegetated land, and 173 acres of the golf course.</td><td>nesting area for turtle and snake species. \uf0a7 The \u201cisland forest\u201d habitats on the south end of the site will be preserved to allow habitat connectivity between Wetland L/LL and the western slopes. \uf0a7 A minimum 500-foot buffer will be maintained between Wetland U (vernal pool) and the proposed development to ensure sufficient protection of potential amphibian breeding habitat. \uf0a7 The Applicant has reduced vegetative clearing compared to the DEIS Preferred Alternative..</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>WILDLIFE</td><td>\uf0a7 No rare, endangered, or threatened fauna species have been identified onsite. Suitable habitat for bog turtles and Indiana bats were found on site, but the species themselves were not found on-site. Suitable habitat for the state listed Peregrine falcon, a state listed species was found on-site. Species currently identified on non-statutory watch lists were also identified on the site.</td><td>\uf0a7 The project will preserve the 230\u00b1-acre hillside and ridge in the western portion of the site as contiguous open space, which will provide for wildlife habitat and movement. The undeveloped portion of the site will continue to provide habitat for those wildlife species that currently utilize this property. \uf0a7 Vegetation removal in the proposed development area will be partially mitigated by replacement plantings using native species where possible. \uf0a7 The project will implement the recommendations of the NRMP, which</td><td>\uf0a7 The Modified Project will implement the recommendations of the Updated Habitat Management Plan. \uf0a7 Habitats will be enhanced with six different planting palettes for different locations throughout the site. Seven palettes of native species are being used in aquatic and upland habitat enhancement. An eighth palette is to be used to establish vegetative cover in stormwater management basin wet pools and attenuation basins. \uf0a7 The main entrance ponds</td></tr></table>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 101583, "type": "text", "content": "# THE NEW TWO HOLES OF \nWATER CORP.\n\n\n \n\n# Baseline Documentation\n\n\nSuffolk County Tax Map \n300-134-2-1.13 \n11 High Ridge Road \nArea 21 Acres \nTown of East Hampton, New York\n\n\nThe East Hampton Town Code categorizes a Nature Preserve as any area of land\nor \nwater owned by the Town which is formally dedicated to being maintained as\nnearly as \npossible in its natural condition. These lands are chosen for preservation\nbased on the \nunique and valuable ecological assets situated within their boundaries. They\nare \nprotected not only as a means to preserve the land in its natural state, but\nto create a \nmulti-use recreational resource to be enjoyed by all.\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1496354, "type": "text", "content": "# C ASE STUDY #2 \nHOBY WOLF PROPERTY\n\n\n \n\n# Gross area of parcel: \n71.4 acres\n\n\n \n\n# Engineering Elements:\n\n\n \n\n# 6.06 acres Roads\n\n\n \n\n# 8.44 acres SWM parcel\n\n\n \n\n# 2.09 acres Dedication\n\n\n \n\n# 9.62 acres Environmental\n\n\n44.65 acres remain for lots \nand req\u2019d open space\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 826281, "type": "html", "content": "<caption id='68' style='font-size:20px'>(23)</caption>\n<br><h1 id='69' style='font-size:22px'>(cid:1) z z dudv (cid:2) S ,<br>A 1<br>D 1</h1>\n<p id='70' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(cid:1) (cid:1) y (cid:2) tx (cid:2) (cid:3) (cid:1) (cid:2) .<br>(cid:1) (cid:1) ( u , v ) a ( z , S )<br>where 1D is the developed area defined by D 1</p>\n<p id='71' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>If 1A A(cid:1) , preserving land for open space increases the total area of developed land.<br>0</p>\n<br><p id='72' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>This may occur when a small area of open space provides a high level of amenities that leads to<br>in-migration and greater demand for residential space. On the other hand, if a large parcel of<br>open space provides a relatively low level of amenities, then preserving land for open space can<br>reduce total land development ( 1A A(cid:2) ). This can be shown analytically for a special case in<br>0<br>which the open space provides the same level of amenities to all households regardless of<br>location, and the amenity function takes the form a ( S ) (cid:1) 1 (cid:2) ( e(cid:1) S (cid:3) 1) , where 1 is the base level of<br>S(cid:1) (cid:1)1 ) is the increase in amenities provided by the open space, and (cid:1) is the<br>amenities, ( e<br>elasticity of amenities with respect to the area of open space. 8</p>\n<br><p id='73' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>With this amenity function, the total developed area with open space equals</p>\n<caption id='74' style='font-size:20px'>(24)</caption>\n<br><p id='75' data-category='equation'>$$A_{1}={\\frac{\\pi}{t^{2}}}\\Bigl(y-\\lambda e^{-\\delta S}\\Bigr)^{2}-S.$$</p>\n<p id='76' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>A comparison of (22) and (24) establishes that 1A A(cid:1) 0 if and only if</p>\n<caption id='77' style='font-size:20px'>(25)</caption>\n<br><p id='78' data-category='equation'>$$\\begin{array}{r l}{{\\mathcal{D}}>{\\overline{{\\left[}}}\\ln{\\hat{\\lambda}}-\\ln\\left(y-{\\sqrt{\\left(y-\\lambda\\right)^{2}-t^{2}S/\\pi}}\\right)\\right].}\\end{array}$$</p>\n<p id='79' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The expression (25) indicates that preserving land for open space is more likely to increase the<br>total developed area if the amenity level is sensitive to the area of open space. Since the right-<br>hand side of (25) approaches zero as t approaches zero, condition (25) will hold for a given (cid:1)</p>\n<p id='80' data-category='footnote' style='font-size:18px'>8 This specification assumes increasing returns to scale in amenity provision. This implies, for<br>instance, that the amenities from two separate open space parcels is lower than the amenities<br>from a single parcel of equal size.</p>\n<footer id='81' style='font-size:14px'>19</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2823053, "type": "text", "content": "RDA Crestridge Parcel. It borders Rolling Hills Estates along Indian Peak Road\nand \nhas some native habitat and trails.\n\n\n# O ther Open Space Lands that may be Dedicated to the NCCP \nPreserve\n\n\n \n\nThe following 161.5 acres of publicly and privately owned properties have been \nidentified and targeted for possible future dedication to the NCCP Preserve\nbut are \nnot considered essential to the proposed Preserve design. Adding the\nproperties to \nthe Preserve will require approval from the underlying fee owner, the\nrecordation of \nacceptable conservation easements and available funding for active management\nby \nthe PVPLC. Since they are considered Open Space, they are listed here in this \ninventory.\n\n\nC oast Guard Upper Point Vicente Property. 3.9 acres located at Upper Point \nVicente\n\n\nC oast Guard Lighthouse Property. 19.1 acres currently housing the Lighthouse \nand other structures at Lower Point Vicente.\n\n\nL ong Point Parcel. Although not required to do so by any conditions of\napproval, \nit is anticipated that the developer of the Terranea Resort Hotel Project may\ndedicate \nthe bluff areas of the property to the Preserve. The possible Preserve area\nhas been \ncalculated as 10.0 acres.\n\n\nT rump National Golf Club. In addition to the other open space that will be \ndeeded to the City, the Trump National Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP) is\nrequired \nto maintain two open space lots under private ownership. One is the 5.3-acre \nForrestal Draw (Canyon) parcel and the other is the 4.4-acre Upper La Rotonda \nCanyon parcel. Since these two lots are to remain privately owned they cannot\nbe \nformally dedicated to the Preserve without the property owner\u2019s consent. It is \nanticipated that the property owner may wish to either dedicate the habitat\nportions \nof these lots to the Preserve or create a conservation easement.\n\n\nP oint View. 40.0 acres of dedicated open space will be a condition of\napproval for \nany development project subsequently approved for the Lower Filiorum property, \nalso known as Point View.\n\n\n7 Identified Homeowner Associations. The City has identified seven local \nHOAs that own open space that could add habitat value to the Preserve. The\nCity \nhas targeted 76.1 acres for dedication to the Preserve of the 140.9 total\nacres of open \nspace owned by the seven identified HOAs.\n\n\n91\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 101584, "type": "text", "content": "Suffolk County Real Property Tax Service \nCOPYRIGHT 2014, COUNTY OF SUFFOLK, N. Y. \nReal Property Taxmap parcel linework used with permission of \nSuffolk County Real Property Tax Service Agency (R.P.T.S.A.)\n\n\nPrepared by \nTHE TOWN OF EAST HAMPTON \nSuffolk County, New York\n\n\n \n\nTOWN OF EAST HAMPTON \nSCTM # 300-134.000-0002-001.013 \nThe New THW Corp. Property \n11 High Ridge Road \n21.00 Acres \nEast Hampton School District\n\n\nC:\\rrpirrelli GIS-Projects\\Land Acquisition\\Nature Preserve\\East Hampton\nSD\\SCTM #134-0002-001.013\\The_New_THW_Corp_Location Map\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}]	If a new parcel measuring 10 acres is to be added to the 21-acre site, how would the total area change, and how might this affect the resources and management strategies allocated for the Nature Preserve?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 173, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["numerical reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 2426260, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='89' style='font-size:18px'>Precision collet chucks</h1>\n<h1 id='90' style='font-size:22px'>A428</h1>\n<br><table id='91' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td></td><td>D</td><td>d</td><td></td><td>S</td><td>A</td><td>Ref,LH</td><td>Ref.RH</td></tr><tr><td>new</td><td>50</td><td>6-20</td><td>ER32</td><td>25x55</td><td>62</td><td></td><td>A428.035.162.25</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>MK2/M30x1,5</td><td></td><td>A428.035.062.80</td><td>A428.035.162.80</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan=\"7\">\u25a0 For machines with Leuco PS system</td></tr></table>\n<p id='92' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Spare parts</p>\n<br><table id='93' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td></td><td>Dim.</td><td></td><td>Ref.</td></tr><tr><td>Collet nut</td><td>M40x1,5</td><td>RH</td><td>709.752</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>M40x1,5</td><td>LH</td><td>709.757</td></tr><tr><td>THook wrench</td><td>45/50</td><td></td><td>706.504</td></tr></table>\n<br><figure><img id='94' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"not included.\" data-coord=\"top-left:(838,196); bottom-right:(1067,643)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='95' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Collet</p>\n<p id='96' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Cap nuts for router machines</p>\n<br><figure data-category='chart'><img id='97' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"d1 d2 Ref,LH Ref.RH\n11/8x7Gg \u00d820x14F/1\u201d A481.100.120.01\nM30x1,5 A481.100.030.01 A481.100.130.01\" data-coord=\"top-left:(77,760); bottom-right:(759,875)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='98' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(857,727); bottom-right:(1029,920)\" /></figure>\n<table id='99' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>S</td><td>D</td><td>A</td><td>d1</td><td></td><td>Pr.</td><td>Ref.</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">SCM, Morbidelli</td></tr><tr><td>ISO 30</td><td>50</td><td>55</td><td>6-20</td><td>ER32</td><td>6</td><td>A428.550.155.65</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>60</td><td>72</td><td>6-25</td><td>462E</td><td>6</td><td>A428.550.172.65</td></tr></table>\n<p id='100' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Spare parts</p>\n<br><table id='101' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td></td><td>D</td><td>Dim.</td><td>Ref.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Collet nut</td><td>50</td><td>M40x1,5</td><td>709.752</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>60</td><td>M48x2</td><td>709.754</td></tr><tr><td>THook wrench</td><td>50</td><td>45/50</td><td>706.504</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>60</td><td>58/62</td><td>706.503</td></tr></table>\n<br><figure><img id='102' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(858,996); bottom-right:(1080,1435)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='103' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(581,1447); bottom-right:(760,1539)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='104' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Clamping nut with bearing, allowing RH and<br>LH rotation.<br>Holder supplied without collet.</p>\n<br><p id='105' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>10</p>\n<footer id='106' style='font-size:14px'>www.dinosaw.com</footer>\n<br><footer id='107' style='font-size:16px'>10.9</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1110438, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='12' style='font-size:16px'>TOOLS AND</h1>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 Personal & respiratory protective<br>equipment (PPE & RPE)<br>\u2022 Spindle roughing gouge<br>\u2022 Bowl gouge<br>\u2022 Beading and parting tool<br>\u2022 Thin parting tool<br>\u2022 Scroll chuck with Cole jaws<br>(or Longworth chuck)<br>\u2022 Revolving tailstock centre<br>\u2022 Bobbin sander (or pillar<br>drill with sanding drum)<br>\u2022 Disc or belt sander<br>\u2022 Dividers or compass<br>\u2022 Boring system (or similar<br>homemade jig)<br>\u2022 Clamps<br>\u2022 Cordless drill</p>\n<h1 id='14' style='font-size:16px'>MATERIALS</h1>\n<br><p id='15' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 Oak (Quercus robur) bowl blank<br>\u2022 Walnut (Juglans regia)<br>bowl blank<br>\u2022 Walnut spindle blank<br>\u2022 Wood glue<br>\u2022 Abrasives 120-300 grit<br>\u2022 Finish of choice<br>\u2022 100mm skeleton clock insert</p>\n<br><figure><img id='16' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"145mm (511/16in) \u00d8\nMATERIALS\nNOT TO SCALE\nNB: Cradle is cut from section.\nThe inner diameter is 12mm off\ncentre from the outer diameter.\n(Inner 145, outer 120mm)\n25mm\n(1in) \u00d8\n200mm (8in) \u00d8\" data-coord=\"top-left:(163,128); bottom-right:(1231,863)\" /></figure>\n<p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>1 Mount the walnut blank on the lathe. I<br>find the most convenient way to do this is<br>between centres rather than using a chuck<br>or faceplate as it allows access to true<br>up both sides of the blank. I used a large<br>steb centre as the drive and supported<br>the blank with a 60\u00b0 revolving centre.</p>\n<p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>2 True up both faces of the blank and<br>turn it to your chosen external diameter.<br>The centre is going to be cut away, so<br>you don\u2019t need to true up more than the<br>outer 40-50mm of each side. If you find<br>it easier to work from the \u2018front\u2019 of the<br>blank this holding method makes it easy to<br>reverse, so you can work on either side.</p>\n<br><figure><img id='19' style='font-size:20px' alt=\"1\" data-coord=\"top-left:(440,891); bottom-right:(800,1258)\" /></figure>\n<p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>3 Once the blank is trued up, remove it<br>from the lathe and mark the exact diameter<br>required for the insert on both sides of<br>the blank with dividers or compass. The<br>size will vary from one manufacturer to<br>another so check and measure carefully<br>\u2013 there is very little margin for error.</p>\n<p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>4 Re-mount the work on the lathe and<br>carefully firm up your marked line with a thin<br>parting tool. Reverse the blank and repeat on<br>the other face. Double check measurements.</p>\n<br><figure><img id='22' style='font-size:20px' alt=\"2\" data-coord=\"top-left:(815,887); bottom-right:(1169,1258)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='23' style='font-size:20px' alt=\"3\" data-coord=\"top-left:(440,1280); bottom-right:(801,1650)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='24' style='font-size:20px' alt=\"4\" data-coord=\"top-left:(815,1279); bottom-right:(1172,1651)\" /></figure>\n<p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>www.woodworkersinstitute.com</p>\n<br><footer id='26' style='font-size:18px'>80</footer>\n<br><figure><img id='27' style='font-size:20px' alt=\"5\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1306,133); bottom-right:(1670,477)\" /></figure>\n<br><header id='28' style='font-size:20px'>SKELETON CLOCK</header>\n<figure><img id='29' style='font-size:20px' alt=\"6\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1676,133); bottom-right:(2043,480)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='30' style='font-size:20px' alt=\"7\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1308,494); bottom-right:(1666,867)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='31' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>5 Now sand the prepared areas of the blank<br>through the grits to a finish as it will be difficult<br>to re-mount the blank to do this at a later<br>stage. A cordless drill with sanding pads will<br>minimise radial or annular scratch marks. Do not<br>apply a finish at this stage as it may inhibit the<br>effectiveness of the wood glue later in the project.</p>\n<p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>6 Using the beading and parting tool start to<br>cut away the waste from the centre of the blank.<br>Once you get about halfway through, reverse<br>the blank and work from the other side. This<br>will prevent break-out at the back of the piece.<br>Accuracy is important but erring on the side of<br>too small is recoverable whereas too large is not.</p>\n<p id='33' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>7 Because the waste is supported on both<br>sides the cutaway section will remain captive<br>on the lathe when you break through the<br>centre. As you approach this stage, which you<br>will be able to tell by the changing sound of<br>the cutting tool, lightly hold the outside of the<br>blank to prevent it from hitting the tool post<br>or other parts of the lathe as it is released.</p>\n<br><figure><img id='34' style='font-size:20px' alt=\"8\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1676,498); bottom-right:(2036,868)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>8 Any waste remaining in the centre of the work<br>can now be turned or sanded away using the<br>methods shown at step 12, before checking the<br>insert for fit. If it is too tight then remounting on<br>Cole jaws will allow for minor adjustments.</p>\n<figure><img id='36' style='font-size:20px' alt=\"9\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1307,893); bottom-right:(1664,1256)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>9 Now mount the oak blank on the lathe in the<br>same way as for the walnut blank. True up, turn<br>to the external diameter as per the drawing and<br>sand through the grits to a finish as before.</p>\n<br><figure><img id='38' style='font-size:20px' alt=\"10\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1675,885); bottom-right:(2038,1253)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='39' style='font-size:20px' alt=\"11\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1310,1281); bottom-right:(1673,1647)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>10 Remove the blank from the lathe and mark<br>up new centres. Carefully mark out the off-<br>centre waste area from the new centres, taking<br>care to match both faces exactly. The remaining<br>section must fit the prepared walnut clock<br>surround exactly, so measure from your work<br>rather than trusting to stated measurements.</p>\n<p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>11 Remount the blank on the new centres. Make<br>sure everything is tightly secured and turn down<br>the speed. The piece will now be significantly out<br>of balance, so gradually turn up the speed until<br>you reach a point at which you and the lathe are<br>both comfortable. Take light cuts and work slowly.<br>A midi lathe I am using for this project is nearing its<br>capacity with a large blank this much out of balance</p>\n<br><figure><img id='42' style='font-size:20px' alt=\"12\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1672,1281); bottom-right:(2042,1648)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>12 When halfway through, reverse as for the<br>smaller walnut blank and finish the cut from<br>the back of the work. Any waste remaining<br>can be removed by mounting on Cole jaws.<br>Remember to mount using the cutout, not<br>the outside of the now off-centre blank.</p>\n<footer id='44' style='font-size:16px'>Woodturning 342 81</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3584925, "type": "text", "content": "# If you are using aggregate (stone) wheels:\n\n\n \n\nAs the wheel is reduced in diameter, the bevel angles will change slightly.\nOnce the wheel diameter is reduced \u00bc\u201d you should recalibrate the system \nas described in steps 3 through 8, on pages 2 and 3. This will only take a few\nminutes. Once the diameter of your wheels is reduced by 1\u201d, we \nrecommend replacing them. Carefully marking the side of a new wheel at \u00bd\u201d from\nthe edge will help you keep track of how much the wheel has \nworn.\n\n\n \n\nWheels: We recommend Norton 3X (blue) wheels (30 or 60% Ceramic) with a \u201cK\u201d\nhardness. Note: The hardness is very important! We recommend \nusing an 80 grit on one side and a 46 grit on the other. Norton wheels are\nprovided with plastic bushings, which can be replaced with a precision- \nmachined steel bushing, which centers the wheel more accurately on the axle.\nThe wheels should be properly trued (concentrically) and dressed. \nVisit our website to learn about our Tru N Dress wheel truing and dressing\ndevice. We also offer precision steel bushings in three sizes.\n\n\n \n\nSince the diameter of CBN wheels remains the same throughout their expected\nlife, initial calibration of the Evolution is all that is required.\n\n\n \n\n# A question we have received from customers:\n\n\n \n\nQ: \u201cCan I use an extension length of 1-3/4\u201d instead of the prescribed 2\u201d?\u201d\n\n\n \n\nAns.: The Evolution is designed to provide predictable and satisfactory\nresults, but only if you follow the instructions. So, the answer is \u201cNo.\u201d\n\n\n# We offer:\n\n\nRobust \u201cTurner\u2019s Edge\u201d Parabolic Bowl gouges (3/8\u201d, \u00bd\u201d & 5/8\u201d dia.) and a 3/8\u201d\nDetail Spindle Gouge \nMade in the U.S.A.!! \nUpon introduction, Robust gouges quickly became very popular because:\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Robust gouges are treated with Nitride- which reduces friction increases\nhardness to improve wear \nresistance. This results in a superior release of shavings, longer lasting\nedges, less frequent sharpening \nand a longer tool life- increasing your satisfaction and saving you time and\nmoney. \n\u2022 The bowl gouges have a very popular parabolic flute (No dip at the tip!). \n\u2022 The detail spindle gouge has a shallow, radiused, flute. \n\u2022 The flutes are highly polished. The resulting surface provides the easy\nrelease of wood shavings. \n\u2022 The shank is milled flat all the way to the very end so you can get every\nlast bit of use out of the tool.\n\n\n \n\nRobust Gouges, Tool Rests, Tool Rest Dog-Leg Off-Set, Live Center & Cones \nAre all available on our web site at factory prices and Free Shipping within\nthe U.S.A.!\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2770301, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='49' style='font-size:20px'>Facilities</h1>\n<h1 id='50' style='font-size:22px'>Milling</h1>\n<br><h1 id='51' style='font-size:18px'>Horizontal Boring Mills</h1>\n<br><p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Quantity / Description</p>\n<br><h1 id='53' style='font-size:16px'>1\t Lucas\t5\u201d\tSpindle</h1>\n<br><p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>132\u201d x 72\u201d x 36\u201d x 72\u201d (X,Y,Z,W)<br>5-axis Machine<br>12\u201d S.M.W. Auto Rotary Table<br>48\u201d x 72\u201d Rotary Table<br>Camsoft CNC Control<br>Machine Parts Graphics</p>\n<h1 id='55' style='font-size:16px'>1\t Lucas\t5\u201d\tSpindle</h1>\n<br><p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>84\u201d x 72\u201d x 36\u201d x 48\u201d (X,Y,Z,W)<br>Allen Bradley 7300 Control</p>\n<h1 id='57' style='font-size:16px'>1\t Lucas\t4\u201d\tSpindle</h1>\n<br><p id='58' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>72\u201d x 60\u201d x 24\u201d x 36\u201d (X,Y,Z,W)<br>Digital Readouts</p>\n<h1 id='59' style='font-size:16px'>1\t Cincinnati\tGilbert\tModel\t\u201cJ\u201d</h1>\n<br><p id='60' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>5\u201d Indexable Spindle, 5-Axis<br>132\u201d x 60\u201d x 36\u201d x 48\u201d (X,Y,Z,W)<br>25\u201dAuto Rotary Table<br>49\u201d x 40\u201d Rotary Table<br>Allen Bradley 9/360 Control<br>Full Digital Servo Drives</p>\n<p id='61' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>1\t Devileg\tJigmill\t4\u201d\tSpindle<br>72\u201d x 60\u201d x 24\u201d (X,Y,Z)<br>Digital Readouts</p>\n<h1 id='62' style='font-size:18px'>Light Milling Machines</h1>\n<br><p id='63' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Quantity / Description</p>\n<p id='64' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>2\t Bridgeport\tMill<br>30\u201d x 12\u201d (X,Y)<br>Table Power Feed X axis</p>\n<br><p id='65' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>2\t Bridgeport\tMill<br>30\u201d x 12\u201d (X,Y)<br>Servo Power Feed</p>\n<br><h1 id='66' style='font-size:22px'>Lathes</h1>\n<br><h1 id='67' style='font-size:18px'>CNC Lathes</h1>\n<br><p id='68' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Quantity / Description</p>\n<p id='69' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>Okuma\tLB3000EX-II\tMYW<br>Live tool Lathe<br>10\u201d Main Spindle Chuck<br>6\u201d Sub Spindle Chuck<br>13\u201d max dia, 42\u201d Centers</p>\n<br><h1 id='70' style='font-size:16px'>1\t</h1>\n<p id='71' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>3\t Mitsubishi\tM-TC8B</p>\n<br><p id='72' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Turning Centers<br>Conversational Programming<br>13.8\u201d Swing, 20.5\u201d Centers<br>Position Accuracy \u00b1.00008/3.9\u201d<br>Repeatability \u00b1.00004</p>\n<p id='73' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>1\t Okuma\tCNC\tLathe\tLH35N<br>24\u201d Swing, 120\u201d Centers<br>OSP-5020 CNC Control<br>Machine Parts Graphics</p>\n<p id='74' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>1\t Okuma\tCNC\tLathe\tLH35N<br>24\u201d Swing, 118\u201d Centers<br>OSP-5000 CNC Control<br>Machine Parts Graphics</p>\n<p id='75' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>2\t Mori\tSeiki\tTL-40B\tTurning\tCenter</p>\n<br><p id='76' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Conversational Programming Pkg.<br>17.7\u201d Swing Over Bed<br>14.9\u201d Swing Over Saddle<br>20-2000 rpm<br>Through Spindle Hole Diameter 4.1\u201d<br>10 Station Turret<br>83.3\u201d Between Centers<br>Position Accuracy \u00b1.0002<br>Repeatability \u00b1.0001</p>\n<p id='77' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>1\t</p>\n<br><p id='78' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Okuma\tCNC\tLB-15</p>\n<br><p id='79' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>15\u201d Swing, 20\u201d Centers<br>OSP-5020L Control<br>Machine Parts Graphics</p>\n<p id='80' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>2\t Mitsubishi\tM-TC10B</p>\n<br><p id='81' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Turning Centers<br>Conversational Programming<br>13.8\u201d Swing, 40\u201d Centers<br>Position Accuracy \u00b1.00008<br>Repeatability \u00b1.00008<br>22-3000 rpm</p>\n<br><p id='82' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Quantity / Description</p>\n<br><h1 id='83' style='font-size:18px'>Engine Lathes</h1>\n<p id='84' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>1\t Timemaster\tGap\tLathe<br>32 / 45\u201d Swing, 160\u201d Centers</p>\n<p id='85' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>1\t Okuma\tLathe<br>21\u201d Swing, 49\u201d Centers</p>\n<p id='86' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>2\t Hardinge\t#DV59<br>9\u201d Swing</p>\n<p id='87' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>1\t Harrison\tHeavy\tDuty<br>Precision Geared Head Lathe<br>Model M550 w/ Taper Attachment<br>21\u201d Swing, 80\u201d Centers<br>Digital Readout 2-axis</p>\n<p id='88' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>3\t Hardinge\t#VSB<br>9\u201d Swing</p>\n<p id='89' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>1\t Hardinge\t#TFB-H<br>9\u201d Swing</p>\n<p id='90' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>1\t Monarch\tLathe<br>10\u201d Swing, 20\u201d Centers</p>\n<p id='91' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Geared Head Lathe<br>Model 63C/2000 w/Taper Attachment<br>25\u201d Swing, 80\u201d Centers</p>\n<br><p id='92' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>1\t Tos\tHeavy\tDuty\tPrecision\t</p>\n<h1 id='93' style='font-size:18px'>Turret Lathes</h1>\n<br><p id='94' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Quantity / Description</p>\n<br><p id='95' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>1\t Warner\t&\tSwasey\t#2A<br>20.5\u201d Swing</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3584924, "type": "text", "content": "# Page 5\n\n\n# Spindle Gouges:\n\n\n \n\n1) If using a Vari-Grind, the support arm needs to be in the \u201cA\u201d position (see\npage 1). \n2) To obtain approximately a 40\u00b0 bevel on a spindle gouge, remove the gauge\nblock and slide the V-notch arm all the way \nforward until the stop ring is against the receiver. \n3) Using the red handle on the Wolverine receiver, secure this position.\n\n\nNOTE: The above is the set-up for spindle gouges only- not bowl gouges!\n\n\n \n\n# Now for a 40\u00ba Bowl Gouge Grind\n\n\n \n\nNumerous people have expressed interest in jig sharpening a 40\u00ba grind on a\nbowl gouge. The interest in this grind (a popular version is commonly \nreferred as the 40/40) was generated, in a large part, by some professional\nturners who use it. I discovered these professional turners were \nroutinely using hand sharpening methods. Many turners who wanted to learn how\nto use this tool, struggled with sharpening the grind by hand. \nHaving assisted many people with their turning and sharpening skills over the\npast 20-years, I found this to be no surprise. Being a designer of \nsharpening systems, I viewed this as a challenge.\n\n\n \n\nIn pursuit of addressing this interest, I obtained a gouge that was hand-\nsharpened by one of the well-known experts and, using it as an unmodified \nexample, I researched what I had to do to mimic the result as closely as\npossible using the Evolution system and a jig. The solution was amazingly \nsimple. Follow\n\n\nT he gouge: I obtained satisfactory results with a Robust Turner\u2019s Edge, \u00bd\u201d\ndiameter gouge with a parabolic flute. Other makes and sizes work just \nfine. \nNote: I suggest dedicating a gouge to this grind, as I do for each grind the\nEvolution is designed for.\n\n\n \n\nway to \nusing an\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2960837, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='184' style='font-size:14px'>Switch off the motor.</h1>\n<br><p id='185' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Place the chuck on a wooden board or cradle and slide it<br>close to the spindle nose. Disengage the clutch to permit<br>free rotation of the spindle. Insert the correct chuck key<br>into a cam-locking screw on the spindle.</p>\n<p id='186' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Turn each cam-locking screw so that the registration line<br>is vertical or aligns with the corresponding line on the<br>spindle. Turn the spindle by hand until the clearance holes<br>on the spindle align with the cam-lock studs on the chuck.</p>\n<p id='187' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Set the speed. Change lever to the slowest speed. Push<br>the chuck on to the spindle. Tighten each cam-lock screw<br>in a clockwise direction.</p>\n<p id='188' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Mounting on to a bolted spindle (Figs 7 and 8)</p>\n<figure><img id='189' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(115,521); bottom-right:(627,888)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='190' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(115,905); bottom-right:(624,1252)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='191' style='font-size:14px'>Switch off the motor.</h1>\n<br><p id='192' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Hold the chuck in position when fitting nuts.</p>\n<p id='193' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Place the chuck on a wooden board or cradle. Remove<br>nuts and washers from the studs on the chuck. Disengage<br>the clutch to permit free rotation of the spindle. Turn the<br>spindle by hand until the key in the spindle lines up with<br>the slot in the chuck. Set the speed- change lever to the<br>slowest speed. Push the chuck on to the spindle. Fit<br>washers and nuts to the studs.</p>\n<br><p id='194' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Tighten the nuts in an anticlockwise direction using a<br>spanner on the opposite nuts.</p>\n<p id='195' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Dismounting chucks from a threaded spindie (Fig 9)</p>\n<figure><img id='196' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(670,271); bottom-right:(1178,681)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='197' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Switch off the motor. Set the speed change lever to the<br>slowest speed. Place a solid wooden block between one<br>of the chuck jaws and the rear of the lathe-bed.</p>\n<br><p id='198' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The length of the wooden block should be slightly less<br>than the centre height of the lathe.</p>\n<br><p id='199' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Turn the lathe spindle clockwise by hand to loosen the<br>chuck from the spindle nose.</p>\n<br><p id='200' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Remove the wooden block. Place the wooden board or<br>cradle on the lathe-bed. Unscrew the chuck from the<br>spindle. Clean and store the chuck (Fig 10)</p>\n<figure><img id='201' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(667,998); bottom-right:(1180,1418)\" /></figure>\n<p id='202' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Copyright Free Under CC BY Licence</p>\n<br><footer id='203' style='font-size:14px'>Production & Manufacturing: Fitter (NSQF Level - 5) RT for Ex No. 2.3.99</footer>\n<br><footer id='204' style='font-size:14px'>135</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2045819, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='22' style='font-size:20px'>2.11</h1>\n<br><table id='23' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Dimensions</td><td></td><td>Design</td><td>Lip</td><td>Desig nation</td></tr><tr><td>Shaft</td><td>Bore</td><td>Nominal seal width</td><td></td><td>mate rial</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>d1</td><td>D</td><td>b</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>mm</td><td></td><td></td><td>\u2013</td><td>\u2013</td><td>\u2013</td></tr><tr><td>270</td><td>310</td><td>16</td><td>HDS3</td><td>V</td><td>270\u00a5310\u00a516 HDS3 V2)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>310</td><td>20</td><td>HDS2</td><td>V</td><td>270\u00a5310\u00a520 HDS2 V</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>330</td><td>25</td><td>HDS2</td><td>V</td><td>270\u00a5330\u00a525 HDS2 V</td></tr><tr><td>275</td><td>310</td><td>16</td><td>HDS1</td><td>R</td><td>275\u00a5310\u00a516 HDS1 R</td></tr><tr><td>280</td><td>310</td><td>16</td><td>HDS1</td><td>R</td><td>280\u00a5310\u00a516 HDS1 R</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>320</td><td>16</td><td>HDS1</td><td>R</td><td>280\u00a5320\u00a516 HDS1 R</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>320</td><td>20</td><td>HDS1</td><td>R</td><td>280\u00a5320\u00a520 HDS1 R</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>340</td><td>25</td><td>HDS1</td><td>R</td><td>280\u00a5340\u00a525 HDS1 R</td></tr><tr><td>285</td><td>320</td><td>16</td><td>HDS2</td><td>R</td><td>285\u00a5320\u00a516 HDS2 R</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>325</td><td>16</td><td>HDS1</td><td>R</td><td>285\u00a5325\u00a516 HDS1 R</td></tr><tr><td>290</td><td>330</td><td>18</td><td>HDS2</td><td>R</td><td>290\u00a5330\u00a518 HDS2 R</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>350</td><td>25</td><td>HDS2</td><td>R</td><td>290\u00a5350\u00a525 HDS2 R</td></tr><tr><td>295</td><td>335</td><td>18</td><td>HDS1</td><td>R</td><td>295\u00a5335\u00a518 HDS1 R</td></tr><tr><td>300</td><td>332</td><td>16</td><td>HDS2</td><td>R</td><td>300\u00a5332\u00a516 HDS2 R</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>335</td><td>18</td><td>HDS2</td><td>R</td><td>300\u00a5335\u00a518 HDS2 R</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>340</td><td>18</td><td>HDS1</td><td>V</td><td>300\u00a5340\u00a518 HDS1 V</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>340</td><td>18</td><td>HDS1</td><td>D</td><td>300\u00a5340\u00a518 HDS1 D</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>340</td><td>20</td><td>HDS1</td><td>V</td><td>300\u00a5340\u00a520 HDS1 V</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>345</td><td>22</td><td>HDS1</td><td>R</td><td>300\u00a5345\u00a522 HDS1 R</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>360</td><td>25</td><td>HDS2</td><td>V</td><td>300\u00a5360\u00a525 HDS2 V</td></tr><tr><td>310</td><td>350 410</td><td>18</td><td>HDS2</td><td>V</td><td>310\u00a5350\u00a518 HDS2 V</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>350</td><td>20</td><td>HDS2</td><td>D</td><td>310\u00a5350\u00a520 HDS2 D</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>370</td><td>25</td><td>HDS2</td><td>D</td><td>310\u00a5370\u00a525 HDS2 D</td></tr><tr><td>315</td><td>355</td><td>18</td><td>HDS1</td><td>V</td><td>315\u00a5355\u00a518 HDS1 V</td></tr><tr><td>318</td><td>360</td><td>20</td><td>HDS2</td><td>R</td><td>318\u00a5360\u00a520 HDS2 R</td></tr><tr><td>320</td><td>350</td><td>18</td><td>HDS1</td><td>R</td><td>320\u00a5350\u00a518 HDS1 R</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>360</td><td>18</td><td>HDS1</td><td>R</td><td>320\u00a5360\u00a518 HDS1 R</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>360</td><td>18</td><td>HDS2</td><td>V</td><td>320\u00a5360\u00a518 HDS2 V</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>380</td><td>25</td><td>HDS1</td><td>R</td><td>320\u00a5380\u00a525 HDS1 R</td></tr><tr><td>330</td><td>370</td><td>18</td><td>HDS1</td><td>R</td><td>330\u00a5370\u00a518 HDS1 R</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>390</td><td>25</td><td>HDS1</td><td>R</td><td>330\u00a5390\u00a525 HDS1 R</td></tr><tr><td>335</td><td>375</td><td>18</td><td>HDS3</td><td>D</td><td>335\u00a5375\u00a518 HDS3 D2)</td></tr><tr><td>340</td><td>380</td><td>18</td><td>HDS2</td><td>V</td><td>340\u00a5380\u00a518 HDS2 V</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>380</td><td>18</td><td>HDS2</td><td>D</td><td>340\u00a5380\u00a518 HDS2 D 340\u00a5380\u00a520 H</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>380</td><td>20 20</td><td>HDS2</td><td>H R</td><td>HDS2 340\u00a5380\u00a520 HDS2 R</td></tr><tr><td>350</td><td>380</td><td>16</td><td>HDS2</td><td>R</td><td>350\u00a5380\u00a516 HDS2 R</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>380</td><td></td><td>HDS2</td><td></td><td>350\u00a5390\u00a518 HDS2 D</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>390</td><td>18</td><td>HDS2</td><td>D</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>360</td><td>400 400</td><td>18 20</td><td>HDS1 HDS1</td><td>R V</td><td>360\u00a5400\u00a518 HDS1 R</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>HDS1</td><td></td><td>360\u00a5400\u00a520 HDS1 V 360\u00a5410\u00a517 HDS1 R</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>17</td><td></td><td>R</td><td>365\u00a5405\u00a518 HDS2 R</td></tr><tr><td>365 370</td><td>405 410</td><td>18 16</td><td>HDS2 HDS2</td><td>R R</td><td>370\u00a5410\u00a516 HDS2 R</td></tr><tr><td>375 380</td><td>420</td><td>18</td><td>HDS2</td><td>R</td><td>375\u00a5420\u00a518 HDS2 R</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>420</td><td>20</td><td>HDS2</td><td>R</td><td>380\u00a5420\u00a520 HDS2 R</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>420</td><td>20</td><td>HDS2</td><td>V</td><td>380\u00a5420\u00a520 HDS2 V</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>440</td><td>25</td><td>HDS2</td><td>R</td><td>380\u00a5440\u00a525 HDS2 R</td></tr></table>\n<p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>2) 12,7 mm adjustable spacer lugs (6)</p>\n<footer id='25' style='font-size:18px'>243</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1110435, "type": "text", "content": "# TOOLS AND\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Personal & respiratory protective \nequipment (PPE & RPE) \n\u2022 Spindle roughing gouge \n\u2022 Bowl gouge \n\u2022 Beading and parting tool \n\u2022 Thin parting tool \n\u2022 Scroll chuck with Cole jaws \n(or Longworth chuck) \n\u2022 Revolving tailstock centre \n\u2022 Bobbin sander (or pillar \ndrill with sanding drum) \n\u2022 Disc or belt sander \n\u2022 Dividers or compass \n\u2022 Boring system (or similar \nhomemade jig) \n\u2022 Clamps \n\u2022 Cordless drill\n\n\n# MATERIALS\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Oak (Quercus robur) bowl blank \n\u2022 Walnut (Juglans regia) \nbowl blank \n\u2022 Walnut spindle blank \n\u2022 Wood glue \n\u2022 Abrasives 120-300 grit \n\u2022 Finish of choice \n\u2022 100mm skeleton clock insert\n\n\n1 Mount the walnut blank on the lathe. I \nfind the most convenient way to do this is \nbetween centres rather than using a chuck \nor faceplate as it allows access to true \nup both sides of the blank. I used a large \nsteb centre as the drive and supported \nthe blank with a 60\u00b0 revolving centre.\n\n\n2 True up both faces of the blank and \nturn it to your chosen external diameter. \nThe centre is going to be cut away, so \nyou don\u2019t need to true up more than the \nouter 40-50mm of each side. If you find \nit easier to work from the \u2018front\u2019 of the \nblank this holding method makes it easy to \nreverse, so you can work on either side.\n\n\n3 Once the blank is trued up, remove it \nfrom the lathe and mark the exact diameter \nrequired for the insert on both sides of \nthe blank with dividers or compass. The \nsize will vary from one manufacturer to \nanother so check and measure carefully \n\u2013 there is very little margin for error.\n\n\n4 Re-mount the work on the lathe and \ncarefully firm up your marked line with a thin \nparting tool. Reverse the blank and repeat on \nthe other face. Double check measurements.\n\n\nwww.woodworkersinstitute.com\n\n\n \n80\n\n\n \nSKELETON CLOCK\n\n\n \n\n5 Now sand the prepared areas of the blank \nthrough the grits to a finish as it will be difficult \nto re-mount the blank to do this at a later \nstage. A cordless drill with sanding pads will \nminimise radial or annular scratch marks. Do not \napply a finish at this stage as it may inhibit the \neffectiveness of the wood glue later in the project.\n\n\n6 Using the beading and parting tool start to \ncut away the waste from the centre of the blank. \nOnce you get about halfway through, reverse \nthe blank and work from the other side. This \nwill prevent break-out at the back of the piece. \nAccuracy is important but erring on the side of \ntoo small is recoverable whereas too large is not.\n\n\n7 Because the waste is supported on both \nsides the cutaway section will remain captive \non the lathe when you break through the \ncentre. As you approach this stage, which you \nwill be able to tell by the changing sound of \nthe cutting tool, lightly hold the outside of the \nblank to prevent it from hitting the tool post \nor other parts of the lathe as it is released.\n\n\n \n\n8 Any waste remaining in the centre of the work \ncan now be turned or sanded away using the \nmethods shown at step 12, before checking the \ninsert for fit. If it is too tight then remounting on \nCole jaws will allow for minor adjustments.\n\n\n \n\n9 Now mount the oak blank on the lathe in the \nsame way as for the walnut blank. True up, turn \nto the external diameter as per the drawing and \nsand through the grits to a finish as before.\n\n\n \n\n10 Remove the blank from the lathe and mark \nup new centres. Carefully mark out the off- \ncentre waste area from the new centres, taking \ncare to match both faces exactly. The remaining \nsection must fit the prepared walnut clock \nsurround exactly, so measure from your work \nrather than trusting to stated measurements.\n\n\n11 Remount the blank on the new centres. Make \nsure everything is tightly secured and turn down \nthe speed. The piece will now be significantly out \nof balance, so gradually turn up the speed until \nyou reach a point at which you and the lathe are \nboth comfortable. Take light cuts and work slowly. \nA midi lathe I am using for this project is nearing its \ncapacity with a large blank this much out of balance\n\n\n \n\n12 When halfway through, reverse as for the \nsmaller walnut blank and finish the cut from \nthe back of the work. Any waste remaining \ncan be removed by mounting on Cole jaws. \nRemember to mount using the cutout, not \nthe outside of the now off-centre blank.\n\n\nWoodturning 342 81\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3218872, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='33' style='font-size:18px'>Great Falls Woodturners</h1>\n<p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>pinched nerves, to herniated disks. In<br>severe cases, pinched nerves and<br>herniated disks can cause problems with<br>grip strength, so it may also be necessary<br>to change tool handles.</p>\n<br><p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>- \"The Big Churn\" by Keith Gotschall is<br>about turning a very large wooden<br>handles for an ice cream shop made up<br>to look like an old ice cream churn. In<br>addition to the logistics and the huge size<br>of the items, there's an interesting side<br>note about setting lathe speeds not by<br>revolutions per minute (RPM) but by<br>surface feet per minute (SFM). The<br>second method requires some math to<br>figure out how fast the outer surface is<br>moving, but Gotschall uses that to<br>determine lathe settings for large<br>projects.</p>\n<h1 id='36' style='font-size:16px'>Another version of a Bowl<br>Finisher</h1>\n<figure><img id='37' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(23,847); bottom-right:(640,1309)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Here is Sam's dryer/finisher. Sam's<br>finisher works great but I decided to alter<br>Sam's approach to suit my needs. First<br>probably because I can never leave well<br>enough alone and I like tinkering. Sam's</p>\n<br><h1 id='39' style='font-size:20px'>April 2020</h1>\n<p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>finisher clamps to the edge of a table<br>and the bowl sticks out over the edge to<br>finish it. I decided I wanted mine to be<br>free standing so I had the ability to use<br>any where I choose. Sam had the<br>assistance of a machinist to help bore<br>the holes and press the bearing on the<br>shaft. I wanted to try to do everything in<br>my shop and didn't think I could achieve<br>the precision of a machinist.</p>\n<figure><img id='41' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(741,471); bottom-right:(1212,1102)\" /></figure>\n<p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>I chose to use MDF for no better reason<br>than I had a sheet that I had no other<br>purpose for at this time. I knew my<br>finisher had to have enough weight to<br>support the bowl and not fall over so it<br>had to be somewhat bigger than Sam's.<br>It had to be taller also since I didn't plan<br>to have the bowl hang over the edge of<br>the table. My lathe has a 18\" swing so I<br>bored the center of the hole 10\" above<br>the base. I doubled the upright that</p>\n<footer id='43' style='font-size:18px'>4</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 203970, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='0' style='font-size:14px'>From Crosscut \u2013 www.wwa.org.za - October 2004</header>\n<h1 id='1' style='font-size:18px'>Updating My Hegner Lathe</h1>\n<br><p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u00a9Trevor Pope (tpope AT iafrica.com) - Oct 200413-May-13</p>\n<p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>M y main wood lathe is a Hegner HDB 175 of 1991 vintage that I purchased second-hand, via Scott<br>Myles, from the original owner, when he became too frail to continue using it. The present Hegner<br>model is the HDB 200, which is recognizably the same lathe, but with a number of improvements.<br>Roy Gibbs has one, so you may have seen one in the metal. The newer model has a 200mm centre<br>height, compared with my 175mm. It also has a #2 Morse Taper (MT) hollow tailstock that is useful<br>for boring through.</p>\n<p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>T he diagram below shows the parts of my lathe before the new parts. The tailstock (5) holds a #2 MT<br>centre, but it is not hollow. Also, the drive centre (z1) is a screw-in 4 prong one, with a M16 x 2mm<br>thread. This has been replaced by a #2 MT on the newer models. The new headstock spindle (4) is<br>hollow to allow inserted MT tools to be ejected.</p>\n<p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>T he spindle is a sturdy 40mm diameter, so it can easily withstand a hole bored through it. I wanted to<br>be able to fit other drive centres, so I have been pondering how to do this. I contemplated machining<br>the existing shaft by drilling through and then reaming out a #2 MT.<br>Before I went further, I thought I should try to buy a spare shaft, in case of a mishap, so that I<br>wouldn\u2019t end up with an unusable lathe.</p>\n<figure><img id='6' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(194,708); bottom-right:(1144,1223)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>W hen I first bought my lathe second-hand in 1999, I discovered that the original importers were<br>Hardware Centre, who only sold five units in South Africa back then. They were unable to assist me<br>with spares at that time, so this time I contacted the UK directly. Roger Buse at Hegner UK was very<br>helpful as he was from my previous contact with them, and they passed me directly onto the factory<br>in Germany. Optimistically, I not only enquired about spare parts, but also whether there were<br>perhaps some upgraded parts that I could use instead?</p>\n<p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>C orresponding with Hans Link of Hegner Pr\u00e4zisionsmaschinen GmbH by email, he asked me a few<br>pertinent questions to more closely identify the exact model that I have. He then responded with a<br>detailed list of the parts that I should fit to upgrade my machine to the newer spec. To confirm this,</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}]	If the spindle on the newer Hegner lathe models is also 40mm in diameter, but the newer lathe requires an additional 10mm thickness for mounting a new device, how would you modify or adapt the spindle's design to accommodate this change?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 182, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 254338, "type": "text", "content": "# South Fork American River Cohesive Strategy \nWORKING DRAFT - Communication & Outreach Plan\n\n\n \n\nRevised May 1, 2019 to reflect input from Communications Committee \nDeveloped by the Consensus Building Institute\n\n\n# Purpose and Outcomes\n\n\n \n\nThe purpose of this communication and outreach plan is to raise public\nawareness about, seek \nparticipation in, and develop collateral materials for the South Fork American\nRiver (SOFAR) \nCohesive Strategy in year one, with the goal of maintaining transparency and\nsupporting a \nconsistent, unified voice across the SOFAR landscape.\n\n\nIn August 2014, the Eldorado National Forest was one of two forests in\nCalifornia selected to \nbegin implementation of the National Cohesive Wildland Fire Management\nStrategy, an all-lands \napproach to wildland fire management on a landscape scale. The project area is\napproximately \n410,000 acres in the South Fork American River watershed, and includes 50% of\nthe King Fire, 49 \nmiles of the Highway 50 corridor, and 75% of the total watershed. Communities,\ninfrastructure, \npublic and private timber, water, power, recreation, protected species, and\nfire frequency are all \nreasons that this watershed is a high priority for collaborative action.\n\n\n# Priorities for 2019\n\n\n \n\nPriority outreach/engagement activities in support of the SOFAR proposed work\nplan:\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Focus Area factsheets \u2013 complete focus areas factsheet (early summer). \n\u2022 Robust SOFAR website \u2013 one-stop hub for SOFAR-related information. Link to\nexisting \ninformation as much as possible rather than creating new resources (e.g.,\nvideos). \n\u2022 Partnerships / Networks \u2013 Understand what outreach already occurs within\neach focus \narea; build upon existing efforts. Collaborate on new material if needed\n(e.g., PSW \nCommunications) \n\u2022 Timelines of major activities in focus areas - get major dates of activities\n(like a major \nburn or clearing effort) ahead of time to notify the community of what\u2019s\noccurring and \nwhy; or document it in action (photos / videos) so folks understand and value\nthe work \nbeing done.\n\n\n# How to Raise Public Awareness\n\n\n \n\nParticipants in the SOFAR Collaborative Group are committed to keeping the\npublic informed by \nproviding the public with clear information about the SOFAR Cohesive Strategy.\nThe public \nshould be able to understand the primary goals of the SOFAR Cohesive Strategy\nand how local \nprojects are connected to the Cohesive Strategy. The primary opportunities for\nlearning and \npublic involvement are through the SOFAR Cohesive Strategy website, the SOFAR\nCohesive \nStrategy email list, Collaborative meetings, and distribution of collateral\nmaterials.\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 254340, "type": "text", "content": "Key Outcomes and Meeting Summary \u2013 The facilitator will develop a concise\nmeeting summary \nfollowing each Collaborative meeting. Each summary will begin with a brief\ndescription of key \nmeeting outcomes, which Collaborative participants can share with their\norganizations and \ninterested parties.\n\n\n# Organizational Briefings\n\n\n \n\nOrganizational briefings could occur in two ways.\n\n\n# Collaborative Constituent Briefings\n\n\n \n\nAs needed, Collaborative participants will brief their organizations and\ngoverning boards on the \nSOFAR Cohesive Strategy process to date. The goal of the briefings is to\npresent updates and \nsolicit feedback tied to the Cohesive Strategy.\n\n\n# Strategic Organization Briefings\n\n\n \n\nCollaborative members may also request to conduct briefings at organizations\nto strategically \nreach other interest groups or inform a broad section of the community that\nmight not \notherwise know about the SOFAR Cohesive Strategy.\n\n\n# K ey Stakeholder Categories\n\n\n\u2022 For future Comms Committee input: what groups or categories do we need to be\nsure to \nraise awareness among regarding SOFAR?\n\n\n3\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 254339, "type": "text", "content": "# Decision-Making\n\n\n \n\nCollaborative Group - composed of representatives from interested parties - is\nworking to \ndevelop consensus recommendations on Cohesive Strategy implementation in the\nSouth Fork \nAmerican River area. Collaborative Group meetings are open to the public.\n\n\n# Communication Tools\n\n\n# Interested Persons Email List\n\n\n \n\nThe facilitator will send one to two email updates per month to the interested\npersons \nlist, particularly leading up to each collaborative group meeting and public\nworkshop. \nInterested parties can sign up on the SOFAR Cohesive Strategy website, and \nCollaborative participants can contribute names to add to the list. Whenever\nindividuals \ninquire about the process or attend a meeting, the project team adds them to\nthe list. \nThe list is broad and includes anyone who would like to stay informed about\nSOFAR \nCohesive Strategy activities and anyone who the Collaborative thinks should be \ninformed about the SOFAR Cohesive Strategy.\n\n\n# Website \u2013 Recommended URL: www.sofarcohesivestrategy.org\n\n\n \n\nThe project website is an information repository for the SOFAR Cohesive\nStrategy \nplanning and implementation process. Background information, science, data and\nother \nmaterials, project information, and a schedule of meeting dates and meeting\nmaterials \nare all available on the site, as is a sign-up form for the SOFAR interested\nparties email \nlist. The website will support transparency by serving as a comprehensive,\ncentral \nsource of information related to the SOFAR Cohesive Strategy and a record of\nthe \nCollaborative group\u2019s process and progress.\n\n\n# Informational Materials\n\n\n \n\nInformational materials are critical for successful education and the\ncirculation of \nconsistent, accurate information. The Communications Committee, Collaborative\nGroup, \nand facilitation team will develop a range of materials and capitalize on\nNational \nCohesive Strategy materials when available. All materials will be posted to\nthe project \nwebsite.\n\n\nBackground Materials\n\n\n \n\n\u25aa SOFAR Cohesive Strategy Basics Brochure - for future development \n\u25aa Collaborative Group Composition \n\u25aa SOFAR Map and Project Areas\n\n\nF uture Materials to be developed as needed.\n\n\nRegular Email Updates \nWebsite Updates / Meeting Announcements\n\n\n2\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2301569, "type": "text", "content": "J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11, 399\n\n\n \n\nMed. 2021, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 of 14\n\n\n \n\nMed. 2021, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 of 14\n\n\n \n\nMed. 2021, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 of 14\n\n\n6 of 14\n\n\n \n\nelectronic newsletter by email (Figure 3); and the highest-ranked update\nfrequency was\n\n\n \n\nelectronic newsletter by email (Figure 3); and the highest-ranked update\nfrequency was\n\n\n \n\nelectronic newsletter by email (Figure 3); and the highest-ranked update\nfrequency was\n\n\n \n\nevery three months (Figure 4).\n\n\n \n\nevery three months (Figure 4).\n\n\n \n\nevery three months (Figure 4).\n\n\n \n\nFigure 1. Percent of survey respondents indicating that they agree with each\nupdate content state-\n\n\n \n\nFigure 1. Percent of survey respondents indicating that they agree with each\nupdate content state- \nFigure 1. Percent of survey respondents indicating that they agree with each\nupdate content state- \nFigure 1. \nPercent of \nsurvey respondents indicating that they agree with each update content\nstatement. \nment. \nment.\n\n\n \n\nment.\n\n\nFigure 2. Percent of survey respondents indicating that they agree with each\nupdate timing state- \nFigure 2. Percent of survey respondents indicating that they agree with each\nupdate timing state- \nFigure 2. 2. Percent of survey respondents indicating that they agree with\neach update timing state- \nPercent of survey respondents indicating that they agree with each update\ntiming statement. \nFigure \nment.\n\n\n \n\nment.\n\n\n \n\nment.\n\n\nFigure 3. Percent of survey respondents indicating that they agree with each\nupdate mechanism statement. \nFigure 3. Percent of survey respondents indicating that that they agree with\neach update mechanism \neach \nupdate mechanism \nthey \nagree with \nFigure 3. Percent of survey respondents indicating \nFigure 3. Percent of survey respondents indicating that they agree with each\nupdate mechanism\n\n\n \n\nstatement.\n\n\n \n\nstatement.\n\n\n \n\nstatement.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2301588, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='82' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Figure 2. Percent of survey respondents indicating that they agree with each update timing state-<br>Figure 2. Percent of survey respondents indicating that they agree with each update timing state-<br>Figure 2. 2. Percent of survey respondents indicating that they agree with each update timing state-<br>Percent of survey respondents indicating that they agree with each update timing statement.<br>Figure<br>ment.</p>\n<br><p id='83' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>ment.</p>\n<br><p id='84' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>ment.</p>\n<br><figure data-category='chart'><img id='85' style='font-size:16px' alt=\"An email with updates 73\nAn email with updates 73\nAn email with updates 73\nAn electronic newsletter by email 62\nAn electronic newsletter by email 62\nAn electronic newsletter by email 62\nA newsletter by mail 28\nA newsletter by mail 28\nA newsletter by mail 28\nA text message with updates 21\nA text message with updates 21\nA text message with updates 21\nA call prerecorded message with updates 5\nA call prerecorded message with updates 5\nA call prerecorded message with updates 5\n- 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100\n- 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100\n- 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100\" data-coord=\"top-left:(205,1159); bottom-right:(1033,1420)\" /></figure>\n<caption id='86' style='font-size:16px'>Figure 3. Percent of survey respondents indicating that they agree with each update mechanism statement.<br>Figure 3. Percent of survey respondents indicating that that they agree with each update mechanism<br>each<br>update mechanism<br>they<br>agree with<br>Figure 3. Percent of survey respondents indicating<br>Figure 3. Percent of survey respondents indicating that they agree with each update mechanism</caption>\n<br><p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>statement.</p>\n<br><p id='88' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>statement.</p>\n<br><p id='89' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>statement.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2314000, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>variables, the changes that occurred after the lockdown persisted over time. Specifically, compared to<br>meeting activity eight weeks prior to the lockdown, the decreases in average meeting length and meeting<br>hours that we observed were maintained throughout the post-lockdown period. At the same time, the<br>average meeting size and number of meetings remained higher throughout the post-lockdown period.</p>\n<br><p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Results from Appendix Figure S5 also clarify the long-term trends in email activity. We find that<br>the overall increase in email activity that characterized the post-lockdown period was most prominent in<br>the two weeks immediately after the lockdown announcements. By the fourth week after the lockdown, the<br>number of internal, external, and distinct emails sent returned to the level of the pre-lockdown period.<br>Changes to the remaining variables were more persistent; the average number of recipients per email<br>remained higher throughout the post-lockdown period, as did the workday span and the number of emails<br>received after hours, compared to eight weeks prior to the lockdown.</p>\n<br><p id='44' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>We report a number of supplemental results in the Appendix. Two additional meeting variables<br>representing online and multi-country meetings both exhibited initial increases during and immediately<br>after the lockdown before trending back toward pre-lockdown levels (See Appendix, Table S4 and Figure<br>S3). Multi-country meetings in particular exhibited a noteworthy trend, with an initial increase in week one,<br>followed by a steady decrease every week for the following seven weeks. By week eight, the number of<br>multi-country meetings was significantly less than the numbers reported both one and eight weeks prior to<br>the lockdown.</p>\n<br><p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>We also break down our results by MSA to reveal some interesting geographical variation in<br>meeting and email activity. Meeting length declined in every MSA but exhibited substantial variation in<br>the slope of the decrease. In many European cities such as Brussels, Oslo, and Zurich, for example, the<br>decrease in meeting length was sharp and continued to drop for four weeks after the lockdown, while in<br>U.S. cities like Chicago, New York City, and Washington D.C., the decrease in meeting length was<br>relatively small and stabilized a week after the lockdown. The span of workdays increased in all cities, but<br>remained high in some (e.g., San Jose, Rome, New York City) while returning to baseline in others. These<br>and related results broken down by MSA appear in the Appendix, Figures S6-S15. Note that many of the<br>MSA-specific graphs (e.g. Appendix, Figure S6) show evidence of being influenced by religious holidays<br>-- specifically, Easter in European cities and Passover in Israel -- which occurs around week four for most<br>MSAs. The timing of these holidays corresponds with sharp decreases in the level of meeting and email<br>activity in the MSAs for which Easter and Passover are federal holidays.</p>\n<br><h1 id='46' style='font-size:18px'>Discussion</h1>\n<br><p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>With the COVID-19 pandemic forcing employees around the world to work from home, the need to<br>communicate effectively has never been greater. Yet, the ability of employees to communicate has changed<br>dramatically with the loss of a centralized office and the face-to-face interaction it fosters.</p>\n<br><p id='48' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>To investigate this phenomenon, we conducted a large-scale event study of COVID-related<br>lockdowns and found that employees significantly changed their communication activities when working<br>remotely. In the weeks immediately following the lockdown, employees increased the number of meetings<br>they attended and the number of emails they sent. We also found increases in the number of attendees per<br>meeting, on average, and the number of recipients per email. That is, employees expanded both the<br>frequency and the scope of their communications.</p>\n<footer id='49' style='font-size:18px'>DeFilippis et al. (2020) \| 6</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2314010, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='25' style='font-size:14px'>Appendix</h1>\n<br><p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Section 1: Data and Variable Descriptions</p>\n<br><h1 id='27' style='font-size:14px'>Data Description</h1>\n<br><p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Our dataset consists of de-identified email and meeting meta-data acquired from an information<br>technology services provider. The user-level data was aggregated to the MSA-day level, and represents<br>the activity of 3,143,270 users across 21,478 firms in 16 large metropolitan areas.</p>\n<br><h1 id='29' style='font-size:14px'>Variable Description</h1>\n<br><h1 id='30' style='font-size:14px'>Meeting Variables</h1>\n<br><p id='31' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>1. Meeting Hours- The average daily number of hours an individual spends in meetings. This variable<br>is calculated by taking the daily hours each user spends in meetings and calculating the average<br>across users for a given MSA.</p>\n<br><p id='32' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>2. Meeting Count- The average daily number of meetings an individual attends. This variable is<br>calculated by taking the daily number of meetings each user attends and calculating the average<br>across users for a given MSA.</p>\n<br><p id='33' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>3. Meeting Attendees- The average number of people that attend each meeting. This variable is<br>calculated by taking the attendance count for each meeting and calculating the average across<br>meetings for a given MSA day.</p>\n<br><p id='34' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>4. Meeting Length- The average length of time a meeting runs for. This variable is calculated by taking<br>the duration for each meeting and calculating the average across meetings for a given MSA day.</p>\n<br><p id='35' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>5. Online Meetings- The average daily number of online meetings an individual attends, where a<br>meeting is designated online if it has a virtual meeting link from the provider's service included in<br>the meeting invite. This variable is calculated by taking the daily number of online meetings each<br>user attends and calculating the average across users for a given MSA.</p>\n<br><p id='36' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>6. Multi-Country Meeting Count- The total number of multi-country meetings for a given MSA day,<br>where a meeting is designated multi-country if the locations logged for users on the meeting invite<br>were from at least two different countries. This variable is calculated by taking the sum of the daily<br>number of multi-country meetings across all users in a given MSA.</p>\n<br><h1 id='37' style='font-size:14px'>Email Variables</h1>\n<br><p id='38' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>1. Internal Emails Sent- The average daily number of emails received by internal recipients from<br>internal senders, such that a single email sent to two separate recipients would count as two internal<br>emails, rather than one email. The sender and the receiver must have the same email domain (i.e.<br>\u201c@company.com\u201d). This variable is calculated by taking the daily number of emails sent to internal<br>users and calculating the average across users for a given MSA.</p>\n<br><p id='39' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>2. External Emails Sent- The average daily number of emails received by external recipients from<br>internal senders, such that a single email sent to two separate recipients would count as two external<br>emails, rather than one email. The sender and the receiver must have different email domains (i.e.<br>\u201c@company1.com\u201d and \u201c@company2.com\u201d). This variable is calculated by taking the daily<br>number of emails sent to external constituents and calculating the average across users for a given<br>MSA.</p>\n<br><p id='40' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>3. Distinct Emails Sent- The average daily number of emails sent from a single user. A single email<br>sent to multiple internal and/or external constituents is only counted once for the distinct email<br>variable. This variable is calculated by taking the daily number of emails sent from a single user<br>and calculating the average across users for a given MSA.</p>\n<footer id='41' style='font-size:18px'>DeFilippis et al. (2020) \| 14</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2313969, "type": "text", "content": "Employees also adjusted their work schedules, extending the range of time they\nworked, as \nindicated by the first and last email or meeting of a day, and sending more\nemails outside of working hours. \nNot all communication activities increased, however. The average length of\nmeetings decreased to such an \nextent that the collective amount of time employees spent in meetings\ndecreased, even though the total \nnumber of meetings and the total number of attendees in those meetings\nincreased over the same period.\n\n\n \n\nThese results, taken together, document an increase in employees\u2019 meeting and\nemail activity in \nterms of frequency, the number of people included, and the range of time spent\nengaging in these activities. \nThese patterns are consistent with the need to use virtual forms of\ncommunication to replace the face-to- \nface interaction typical in an office setting, while adapting to the\nextraordinary disruption caused by the \ncrisis.\n\n\n \n\nThough an overarching increase in virtual communication is unsurprising, we\nwould not have \npredicted all of the ways in which this occurred. For example, despite the\npotential drawbacks of large \nmeetings or emails with many recipients, these forms of communication\npractices may help synchronize \nhow information is shared (e.g., by holding a team meeting instead of several\none-on-ones). Moreover, \nexpanding the number of email recipients and meeting attendees increases the\nlikelihood that important \ninformation is received by all relevant individuals in an organization. This\nis an especially important \nfunction in a time when organizational challenges likely cut across the\nbusiness and are relevant to a greater \nset of people. Being more inclusive when everyone is dispersed could also help\nemployees maintain their \nidentification with the organization (Wiesenfeld et al., 1999).\n\n\n \n\nAt first glance, our finding that meetings have become shorter seems to cut\nagainst the broader \npattern described above. However, meeting length is not independent of meeting\nfrequency or size. To \ncoordinate many calendars, employees may find it necessary to shorten meetings\nin order to accommodate \nmore frequent meetings with more attendees. The relationship of these meeting\nparameters is also relevant \nat the organizational level, where the aggregate number of hours people spend\nin meetings is a function of \nthree variables: the total count of meetings, the average meeting size, and\nthe average meeting duration. \nBecause we observe a net decrease in the total number of hours that employees\nspent in meetings after \nlockdowns, it must be the case that the reduction in the duration of meetings\ndominated the effects of having \nlarger and more frequent meetings.\n\n\n \n\nThough speculative, it is possible that employees also find it harder to stay\nengaged in long virtual \nmeetings compared to in-person meetings (Wasson, 2004). An employee\u2019s\nattention span may be \nadditionally strained by challenges specific to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as\ntaking care of children \nwho are not in school. Another possibility is that the function of meetings\nhas changed in the post-lockdown \nperiod. The lockdown introduced a host of new problems requiring unplanned,\nemergent coordination, \nmuch of which could be addressed through impromptu interaction if everyone\nwere in the same office. With \neveryone working at home, however, short meetings could serve to quickly\ncommunicate new plans, share \nwork that has been accomplished, increase accountability, calibrate\npriorities, provide social support, and \nachieve other purposes that are often handled informally in office settings.\n\n\n \n\nConsistent with the overall pattern of more meetings and more emails, our\nfindings also point to a \nspillover of virtual communication beyond normal working hours. After all, one\nway to achieve more \ncommunication is to work longer days. Even with reduced time spent in\nmeetings, the work demands\n\n\nDeFilippis et al. (2020) \| 7\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2314012, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='46' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Section 2: Tables, provides tables with supporting and additional results.</p>\n<br><p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Table S1: Summary Statistics for Meeting and Email Variables</p>\n<br><table id='48' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td></td><td colspan=\"2\">Mean</td><td colspan=\"2\">Std. Dev</td><td colspan=\"2\"># of Obs</td></tr><tr><td>Variable</td><td>Pre-lockdown</td><td>Post- lockdown</td><td>Pre- lockdown</td><td>Post- lockdown</td><td>Pre-lockdown</td><td>Post- lockdown</td></tr><tr><td>M eeting Hours</td><td>2.693</td><td>2.451</td><td>0.636</td><td>0.725</td><td>944</td><td>944</td></tr><tr><td>Meeting Count</td><td>5.884</td><td>6.877</td><td>4.154</td><td>5.232</td><td>944</td><td>944</td></tr><tr><td>Meeting Attendees</td><td>15.614</td><td>17.743</td><td>2.634</td><td>3.051</td><td>944</td><td>944</td></tr><tr><td>Meeting Length</td><td>1.006</td><td>0.796</td><td>0.158</td><td>0.061</td><td>944</td><td>944</td></tr><tr><td>Workday Span</td><td>9.837</td><td>10.670</td><td>2.301</td><td>2.336</td><td>944</td><td>944</td></tr><tr><td>Emails Sent Internal</td><td>27.145</td><td>29.337</td><td>19.873</td><td>21.500</td><td>944</td><td>944</td></tr><tr><td>Emails Sent External</td><td>8.388</td><td>8.156</td><td>5.922</td><td>5.470</td><td>944</td><td>944</td></tr><tr><td>Emails Sent Distinct</td><td>9.666</td><td>10.086</td><td>3.810</td><td>4.133</td><td>944</td><td>944</td></tr><tr><td>Email Recipients</td><td>8.531</td><td>8.782</td><td>1.840</td><td>1.877</td><td>944</td><td>944</td></tr><tr><td>Emails Sent After Hours</td><td>7.637</td><td>8.043</td><td>6.876</td><td>6.778</td><td>944</td><td>944</td></tr></table>\n<caption id='49' style='font-size:16px'>T able S2: Regression Results for Meeting and Email Variables</caption>\n<br><table id='50' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>Variable</td><td>Pre- Lockdown Mean</td><td>Log Coefficient</td><td>P-Value</td><td>% Change [CI]</td><td>% Change * Pre- Lockdown Mean</td><td># of Obs</td></tr><tr><td>M eeting Hours</td><td>2.693</td><td>-0.122</td><td>< 0.001</td><td>-11.519 [-14.29, -8.659]</td><td>-0.310</td><td>1,904</td></tr><tr><td>Meeting Count</td><td>5.884</td><td>0.122</td><td>< 0.001</td><td>12.922 [11.448, 14.415]</td><td>0.760</td><td>1,904</td></tr><tr><td>Meeting Attendees</td><td>15.614</td><td>0.127</td><td>< 0.001</td><td>13.505 [10.611, 16.475]</td><td>2.109</td><td>1,904</td></tr><tr><td>Meeting Length</td><td>1.006</td><td>-0.225</td><td>< 0.001</td><td>-20.128 [-23.042, -17.103]</td><td>-0.203</td><td>1,904</td></tr><tr><td>Workday Span</td><td>9.837</td><td>0.079</td><td>< 0.001</td><td>8.219 [7.142, 9.306]</td><td>0.809</td><td>1,904</td></tr><tr><td>Emails Sent Distinct</td><td>9.666</td><td>0.023</td><td>0.09</td><td>2.349 [-0.188, 4.95]</td><td>0.227</td><td>1,904</td></tr><tr><td>Emails Sent Internal</td><td>27.145</td><td>0.051</td><td>< 0.001</td><td>5.272 [2.977, 7.619]</td><td>1.431</td><td>1,904</td></tr><tr><td>Emails Sent External</td><td>8.388</td><td>-0.017</td><td>0.116</td><td>-1.698 [-3.656, 0.3]</td><td>-0.142</td><td>1,904</td></tr><tr><td>Email Recipients</td><td>8.531</td><td>0.029</td><td>0.043</td><td>2.901 [0.329, 5.538]</td><td>0.247</td><td>1,904</td></tr><tr><td>Emails Sent After Hours</td><td>7.637</td><td>0.079</td><td>0.001</td><td>8.262 [4.016, 12.681]</td><td>0.631</td><td>1,904</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='51' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Regressions include MSA fixed-effects and weekday controls. Standard errors are clustered at the MSA-level.</p>\n<footer id='52' style='font-size:20px'>DeFilippis et al. (2020) \| 16</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2301587, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='66' style='font-size:14px'>J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11, 399</header>\n<br><p id='67' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Med. 2021, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 of 14</p>\n<br><p id='68' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Med. 2021, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 of 14</p>\n<br><p id='69' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Med. 2021, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 of 14</p>\n<header id='70' style='font-size:14px'>6 of 14</header>\n<br><p id='71' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>electronic newsletter by email (Figure 3); and the highest-ranked update frequency was</p>\n<br><p id='72' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>electronic newsletter by email (Figure 3); and the highest-ranked update frequency was</p>\n<br><p id='73' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>electronic newsletter by email (Figure 3); and the highest-ranked update frequency was</p>\n<br><p id='74' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>every three months (Figure 4).</p>\n<br><p id='75' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>every three months (Figure 4).</p>\n<br><p id='76' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>every three months (Figure 4).</p>\n<figure data-category='chart'><img id='77' style='font-size:16px' alt=\"86\n86\nBrief descriptions of major findings 86\nBrief descriptions of major findings\nBrief descriptions of major findings\n68\n68\nDescriptions of purpose and goals 68\nDescriptions of purpose and goals\nDescriptions of purpose and goals\n55\n55\nEducational material about the research 55\nEducational material about the research\nEducational material about the research\n34\n34\nBrief descriptions of any media coverage 34\nBrief descriptions of any media coverage\nBrief descriptions of any media coverage\n28\n28\nThe number of published articles 28\nThe number of published articles\nThe number of published articles\n24\n24\nCommunity events 24\nCommunity events\nCommunity events\nAnnouncements about online platforms to\nAnnouncements about online platforms to\nAnnouncements about online platforms to 22\n22\ninteract with others with similar interests 22\ninteract with others with similar interests\ninteract with others with similar interests\n- 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100\n- 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100\n- 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100\" data-coord=\"top-left:(206,210); bottom-right:(1026,603)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='78' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Figure 1. Percent of survey respondents indicating that they agree with each update content state-</p>\n<br><p id='79' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Figure 1. Percent of survey respondents indicating that they agree with each update content state-<br>Figure 1. Percent of survey respondents indicating that they agree with each update content state-<br>Figure 1.<br>Percent of<br>survey respondents indicating that they agree with each update content statement.<br>ment.<br>ment.</p>\n<br><p id='80' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>ment.</p>\n<br><figure data-category='chart'><img id='81' style='font-size:16px' alt=\"When research is completed 71\nWhen research is completed 71\nWhen research is completed 71\nWhen findings are reviewed by other\nWhen findings are reviewed by other\nWhen findings are reviewed by other 66\n66\nresearchers and clinicians 66\nresearchers and clinicians\nresearchers and clinicians\nWhen findings are published in an article 61\nWhen findings are published in an article 61\nWhen findings are published in an article 61\nWhen status changes 51\nWhen status changes 51\nWhen status changes 51\nWhen educational materials is available 51\nWhen educational materials is available 51\nWhen educational materials is available 51\nWhen there is a media release 36\nWhen there is a media release 36\nWhen there is a media release 36\nWhen there is a community event 24\nWhen there is a community event 24\nWhen there is a community event 24\n- 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100\n- 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100\n- 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100\" data-coord=\"top-left:(209,684); bottom-right:(1029,1076)\" /></figure>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	If an email update is sent every month leading up to a meeting and there are 12 meetings in a year, how many email updates are sent in total if updates are also sent after each meeting?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 186, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["numerical reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 212682, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='116' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>post April 2009 accrual rates<br>as referenced above. This extra<br>fifteen percent (15%) contribution<br>rate is not recognized for benefit<br>accrual under the Plan. If an IPF<br>participating employer does not<br>remit the extra fifteen percent<br>(15%) contribution, its employees<br>will accrue benefits under the<br>IPF equal to fifty percent (50%)<br>of the reduced accrual rate or<br>$.70 per month for each $.10 in<br>the IPF contribution rate for each<br>Year of Credited Service accrued<br>beginning with the first date after<br>April 1, 2009. During the plan<br>year there were no modifications<br>to the contribution schedules and<br>associated level of benefit accrual<br>other than the changes described<br>in Section E, Status Under ERISA<br>\u00a7305, below.</p>\n<br><p id='117' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(B) Contributing Employers: The total<br>number of employers obligated to<br>contribute to the IPF for the 2019<br>Plan Year was 2,959.</p>\n<br><p id='118' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(C) Employers contributing more</p>\n<br><p id='119' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>than five percent (5%) of total Plan</p>\n<br><p id='120' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>contributions: There was no single<br>employer that contributed more<br>than five percent (5%) of the Plan\u2019s<br>total contributions for the Plan<br>Year. Employer contributions<br>to the Plan total $119,228,309<br>for 2019.</p>\n<br><p id='121' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(D) Number of Participants on whose<br>behalf no contributions were made<br>because Employers had withdrawn<br>from the Plan:</p>\n<br><figure><img id='122' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(490,263); bottom-right:(798,563)\" /></figure>\n<table id='123' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>Plan Year</td><td>Number of Participants</td></tr><tr><td>2019</td><td>638</td></tr><tr><td>2018</td><td>663</td></tr><tr><td>2017</td><td>675</td></tr></table>\n<p id='124' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(E) Status under ERISA \u00a7305: The</p>\n<br><p id='125' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Plan\u2019s actuary certified that<br>the Plan was in \u201cendangered\u201d<br>or \u201cyellow zone\u201d status for<br>2017 per Pension Protection<br>Act requirements. Accordingly,<br>the Plan adopted a funding<br>improvement plan on November<br>14, 2017 to retain the same<br>measures set forth in the<br>previously adopted Funding<br>Improvement and Rehabilitation<br>Plans designed to improve the<br>funding of the plan. A copy of<br>the current funding improvement</p>\n<br><p id='126' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>and supporting actuarial and<br>financial data can be obtained by<br>contacting the fund\u2019s Executive<br>Director. The three schedules are<br>summarized below.</p>\n<br><p id='127' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(F) Employers Withdrawing from the</p>\n<br><p id='128' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Plan: No participating employers<br>withdrew from the Plan during<br>the preceding Plan Year.</p>\n<br><p id='129' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(G) Merger Activity: Effective<br>January 1, 2019, Bricklayers<br>Gulf Coast Pension Fund merged<br>with the IPF.</p>\n<br><h1 id='130' style='font-size:18px'>(H) Variations to Funding Standard</h1>\n<br><p id='131' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Account: The Plan applied for and<br>received a five (5) year extension<br>of the Fund\u2019s amortization period<br>under Section 431(d)(1) of the<br>Internal Revenue Code beginning<br>with the 2009 Plan Year. The Plan<br>did not use the shortfall funding<br>method (as such term is used In<br>ERISA \u00a7305) for the Plan Year.</p>\n<br><p id='132' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(I) Right to Receive a Copy of the</p>\n<br><p id='133' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Annual Report: You have the right<br>to receive a copy of the full<br>annual report for the 2019 Plan<br>Year, the Plan\u2019s Summary Plan<br>Description and any Summary of<br>Material Modification, at no cost,<br>by making a written request to the<br>office of David F. Stupar, Executive<br>Director, at 620 F Street, N.W.,<br>Suite 700, Washington, D.C.<br>20004. Please note that you are<br>entitled to receive only one (1)<br>copy of the above-referenced<br>documents during any one (1)<br>twelve month period.</p>\n<table id='134' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>Schedule:</td><td>Statutory Alternative</td><td>Preferred</td><td>Default</td></tr><tr><td>Contribution Increases:</td><td>4% annually 2013 2016, and 6% annually 2017 through 2021</td><td>3% per year in 2013, 2015 and annually through 2021</td><td>All contracts must pay the 15% increase</td></tr><tr><td>Benefit if 2009 15% contribution increase adopted</td><td>$1.40 per $0.10</td><td>$0.85 per $0.10</td><td>No accrual</td></tr><tr><td>Benefit if 2009 15% contribution not adopted</td><td>$0.70 per $0.10</td><td>$0.40 per $0.10</td><td>Not applicable</td></tr></table>\n<h1 id='135' style='font-size:14px'>70383_BTTPF_Newsletter_Spring_2021_forDStupar_review_04_X.indd</h1>\n<br><p id='136' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>70383_BTTPF_Newsletter_Spring_2021_forDStupar_review_04_X.indd 6 6 4/20/21 12:27 PM PM</p>\n<br><p id='137' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>12:27</p>\n<br><p id='138' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>4/20/21</p>\n<br><footer id='139' style='font-size:20px'>6 6</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3087071, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='18' style='font-size:20px'>Number of Departures by Reason</h1>\n<table id='19' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td></td><td></td><td>2005</td><td>2006</td><td>2007</td><td>2008</td><td>2009</td><td>2010</td><td>2011</td><td>2012</td><td>2013</td><td>2014</td><td>2015</td><td>2016</td><td>2017</td><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"8\">Reason for departure (non-retirement)</td><td>Take other employment</td><td>79</td><td>96</td><td>57</td><td>89</td><td>36</td><td>74</td><td>77</td><td>77</td><td>75</td><td>76</td><td>66</td><td>52</td><td>55</td><td>61</td></tr><tr><td>Resignation</td><td>72</td><td>131</td><td>257</td><td>339</td><td>273</td><td>273</td><td>244</td><td>297</td><td>290</td><td>310</td><td>254</td><td>208</td><td>229</td><td>240</td></tr><tr><td>Dismissal/Layoff</td><td>45</td><td>41</td><td>82</td><td>97</td><td>99</td><td>81</td><td>71</td><td>85</td><td>140</td><td>92</td><td>83</td><td>84</td><td>82</td><td>84</td></tr><tr><td>Personal Reasons</td><td>34</td><td>10</td><td>17</td><td>31</td><td>11</td><td>11</td><td>13</td><td>11</td><td>9</td><td>19</td><td>16</td><td>12</td><td>7</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><td>Moved</td><td>16</td><td>12</td><td>7</td><td>11</td><td>7</td><td>3</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>3</td><td>7</td><td>2</td><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>Death</td><td>11</td><td>11</td><td>13</td><td>14</td><td>19</td><td>16</td><td>17</td><td>13</td><td>18</td><td>18</td><td>20</td><td>14</td><td>8</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><td>Other/Unknown</td><td>62</td><td>18</td><td>65</td><td>27</td><td>22</td><td>24</td><td>26</td><td>19</td><td>13</td><td>36</td><td>9</td><td>15</td><td>27</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><td>Non-Retirement subtotal</td><td>319</td><td>319</td><td>498</td><td>608</td><td>467</td><td>482</td><td>453</td><td>507</td><td>548</td><td>558</td><td>450</td><td>392</td><td>416</td><td>440</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"3\">Reason for departure (retirement)</td><td>Retirement</td><td>111</td><td>149</td><td>185</td><td>161</td><td>167</td><td>248</td><td>272</td><td>304</td><td>277</td><td>271</td><td>283</td><td>289</td><td>316</td><td>364</td></tr><tr><td>Early Retirement</td><td>142</td><td>184</td><td>171</td><td>129</td><td>94</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Retirement subtotal</td><td>253</td><td>333</td><td>356</td><td>290</td><td>261</td><td>248</td><td>272</td><td>304</td><td>277</td><td>271</td><td>283</td><td>289</td><td>316</td><td>364</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Grand Total</td><td>572</td><td>652</td><td>854</td><td>898</td><td>728</td><td>730</td><td>725</td><td>811</td><td>825</td><td>829</td><td>733</td><td>681</td><td>732</td><td>804</td></tr></table>\n<p id='20' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf075 Departures from permanent positions are captured in the database along with the characteristics of those who have left.<br>Transfers are not included but moves from one Crown to another will register as a departure from one Crown and a new hire<br>at the destination. The data cover the twenty years from 1999 to 2018. (In 2003, four additional years of retroactive data was<br>obtained for the database.)</p>\n<p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>\uf075 There is no specific reason given for the majority of non-retirement departures. Many of the reasons given are simply<br>\u201cresignation\u201d or \u201cjob abandonment\u201d. Those who fail to meet their probationary qualifications are considered as hired and<br>then dismissed.</p>\n<footer id='22' style='font-size:14px'>54</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1993161, "type": "text", "content": "SUMMARY ANNUAL REPORT FOR \nCARPENTERS ANNUITY TRUST FUND FOR NORTHERN CALIFORNIA\n\n\nPlan Year \u2013 September 1, 2019 through August 31, 2020\n\n\nT his is a summary of the annual report for the Carpenters Annuity Trust Fund\nfor Northern California, Employer Identification Number 94-6534591, for \nthe period September 1, 2019 through August 31, 2020. The annual report has\nbeen filed with Employee Benefits Security Administration, as required \nunder the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA).\n\n\n# B asic Financial Statement:\n\n\nBenefits under the Plan are provided by the Carpenters Annuity Trust Fund for\nNorthern California. Plan expenses were $107,286,966. These expenses \nincluded $3,810,602 in administrative expenses, $6,316,506 in investment\nexpenses, and $97,159,858 in benefits paid to participants and beneficiaries. \nA total of 63,527 persons were participants in or beneficiaries of the Plan at\nthe end of the Plan year, although not all of these persons had yet earned \nthe right to receive benefits.\n\n\nof\n\n\nthe\n\n\n \n\nT he value of Plan assets, after subtracting liabilities of the Plan, was\n$2,744,317,137 as of August 31, 2020, compared to $2,529,954,323 as \nSeptember 1, 2019. During the Plan year, the Plan experienced an increase in\nits net assets of $214,362,814 as well as a merger in of 1,334. This \nincrease includes unrealized appreciation or depreciation in the value of Plan\nassets; that is, the difference between the value of the Plan's assets at \nend of the year and the value of the assets at the beginning of the year, or\nthe cost of assets acquired during the year.\n\n\n \n\nThe Plan had total income of $321,648,446; including employer contributions \nof $87,918,617, a net gain of $47,073,140 from the sale of assets, earnings \nfrom investments of $185,510,307 and other income of $1,146,382.\n\n\nM inimum Funding Standards:\n\n\nE nough money was contributed to the plan to keep it funded in accordance \nwith the minimum funding standards of ERISA.\n\n\nY our Rights to Additional Information:\n\n\nY ou have the right to receive a copy of the full annual report, or any part \nthereof, on request. The following items are included in that report: 1. an \naccountant's report; 2. financial information and information on payments to \nservice providers; 3. assets held for investment; 4. fiduciary information, \nincluding non-exempt transactions between the Plan and parties-in-interest \n(that is, persons who have certain relationships with the Plan); 5.\ntransactions \nin excess of 5 percent of the plan assets; 6. insurance information 7. \ninformation regarding any common or collective trusts and pooled separate \naccounts, in which the plan participates, and 8. actuarial information\nregarding \nthe funding of the Plan.\n\n\n32\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1840872, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='207' style='font-size:18px'>Federal Register / Vol. 84, No. 25 / Wednesday, February 6, 2019 / Proposed Rules</header>\n<br><header id='208' style='font-size:20px'>2083</header>\n<p id='209' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>allocation fraction, a plan sponsor bases<br>the calculation on an employer\u2019s<br>contribution rate as of the last day of<br>each plan year (rather than applying a<br>separate calculation for contribution<br>increases that occur in the middle of a<br>plan year). The plan sponsor would start<br>with the employer\u2019s contribution rate as<br>of the \u2018\u2018freeze date.\u2019\u2019 The freeze date, for<br>a calendar year plan, is December 31,<br>2014, and for non-calendar year plans,<br>is the last day of the first plan year that<br>ends on or after December 31, 2014. If,<br>after the freeze date, the plan has a<br>contribution rate increase that provides<br>an increase in benefits so that the<br>contribution increase is included, that<br>rate increase would be added to the<br>contribution rate for each target year<br>that the rate increase is effective for.</p>\n<br><p id='210' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Under the method, the product of the<br>freeze date contribution rate (increased<br>in accordance with the prior sentence,<br>if applicable) and the withdrawn<br>employer\u2019s contribution base units in<br>each plan year (\u2018\u2018target year\u2019\u2019) would be<br>used for the numerator and the<br>comparable amount determined for each<br>employer would be included in the<br>denominator (described in B.2 below),<br>unless the plan sponsor uses the proxy<br>group method for determining the<br>denominator (described in B.3 below).</p>\n<br><p id='211' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Example of Determining the Numerator<br>Using the Employer\u2019s Plan Year 2014<br>Contribution Rate</p>\n<br><p id='212' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Assume Plan X is a calendar year<br>multiemployer plan which did not have<br>a benefit increase after plan year 2014.<br>In accordance with section 305(g)(3)(B)</p>\n<br><p id='213' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>of ERISA, the annual 5 percent<br>contribution rate increases applicable to<br>Employer A and other employers in<br>Plan X after the 2014 plan year were<br>deemed to be required to enable the<br>plan to meet the requirement of its<br>rehabilitation plan and must be<br>disregarded. Employer A, a contributing<br>employer, withdraws from Plan X in<br>2021. Using the rolling-5 method, Plan<br>X has unfunded vested benefits of $200<br>million as of the end of the 2020 plan<br>year. To determine Employer A\u2019s<br>allocable share of these unfunded vested<br>benefits, Employer A\u2019s hourly required<br>contribution rate and contribution base<br>units for the 2014 plan year and each of<br>the 5 plan years between 2016 and 2020<br>are identified as shown in the following<br>table:</p>\n<br><table id='214' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td></td><td>2014 PY</td><td>2016 PY</td><td>2017 PY</td><td>2018 PY</td><td>2019 PY</td><td>2020 PY</td><td>5-year total</td></tr><tr><td>Employer A\u2019s Contribution Rate ..............</td><td>$5.51</td><td>n/a</td><td>n/a</td><td>n/a</td><td>n/a</td><td>n/a</td><td>....................</td></tr><tr><td>Contribution Base Units ...........................</td><td>800,000</td><td>800,000</td><td>800,000</td><td>900,000</td><td>900,000</td><td>900,000</td><td>4,300,000.</td></tr><tr><td>Contributions ............................................</td><td>$4.41M</td><td>$4.86M</td><td>$5.10M</td><td>$6.03M</td><td>$6.33M</td><td>$6.64M</td><td>$28.96M.</td></tr></table>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 658309, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='0' style='font-size:20px'>Participating Employers and Active Members (Pension Trust Fund)</header>\n<table id='1' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td></td><td></td><td colspan=\"4\">Contributing Members</td></tr><tr><td>Valuation Date</td><td>Number of Active Cities</td><td>Number</td><td>Annual Payroll</td><td>Average Annual Pay</td><td>Percent Increase In Average</td></tr><tr><td>12/31/2007</td><td>823</td><td>98,440</td><td>$ 4,221,290,731</td><td>$ 43,513</td><td>4.3 %</td></tr><tr><td>12/31/2008</td><td>829</td><td>100,459</td><td>4,529,989,369</td><td>45,551</td><td>4.7</td></tr><tr><td>12/31/2009</td><td>833</td><td>102,419</td><td>4,769,041,587</td><td>47,014</td><td>3.2</td></tr><tr><td>12/31/2010</td><td>837</td><td>101,240</td><td>4,797,903,131</td><td>47,117</td><td>0.2</td></tr><tr><td>12/31/2011</td><td>842</td><td>101,151</td><td>4,853,135,055</td><td>47,958</td><td>1.8</td></tr><tr><td>12/31/2012</td><td>844</td><td>101,827</td><td>4,961,671,305</td><td>48,889</td><td>1.9</td></tr><tr><td>12/31/2013</td><td>844</td><td>102,870</td><td>5,142,446,602</td><td>50,244</td><td>2.8</td></tr><tr><td>12/31/2014</td><td>853</td><td>104,019</td><td>5,374,536,634</td><td>51,956</td><td>3.4</td></tr><tr><td>12/31/2015</td><td>859</td><td>106,894</td><td>5,683,846,845</td><td>53,898</td><td>3.7</td></tr><tr><td>12/31/2016</td><td>864</td><td>108,891</td><td>5,884,788,962</td><td>54,543</td><td>1.2</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>As of December 31, 2016, there were seven cities with no contributing members and no city<br>contributions due. In addition, one privatized hospital had no contributing members, but paid a dollar<br>contribution amount to TMRS that is calculated annually by the actuary. Thus, there were 872 total city<br>plans, with 864 of them active.</p>\n<br><p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The average annual pay was calculated by dividing the annual payroll by the average of the number of<br>contributing members at the beginning and the end of the year.</p>\n<footer id='4' style='font-size:16px'>TMRS Comprehensive Annual Financial Report 2016</footer>\n<br><footer id='5' style='font-size:14px'>89</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1055130, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='0' style='font-size:18px'>SEIU Local 1 & Participating Employers Pension Trust</header>\n<p id='1' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>111 E. Wacker Drive<br>17th Floor<br>Chicago, IL 60601</p>\n<br><p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Telephone: (312) 233-8888<br>Facsimile: (312) 233-8839<br>Email: mcardle@seiu25.org<br>Web site: www.seiu25.org</p>\n<h1 id='3' style='font-size:14px'>J uly, 2019</h1>\n<table id='4' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>T O:</td><td>All Contributing Employers and Local Unions with Collective Bargaining Agreements which require contributions to the SEIU Local 1 & Participating Employers Pension Trust TIN 36-6486542</td></tr><tr><td>F ROM:</td><td>Jim McArdle, Fund Manager</td></tr><tr><td>R E:</td><td>ERISA Section 104(d) and FASB Required Notice</td></tr></table>\n<p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>T his Notice from the SEIU Local 1 & Participating Employers Pension Trust (\u201cthe Plan\u201d) is for the Plan Year<br>(October 1, 2017 to September 30, 2018). This Notice is being issued in accordance with Section 104(d) of the<br>Employee Retirement Income Security Act and provides for a summary of information contained in the Fund\u2019s<br>Annual Return/Report.</p>\n<p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>T his Notice is also intended to comply with the Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) requirement for<br>employers/contractors to disclose participation in a multi-employer pension plan for employer fiscal years ending<br>after December 15, 2012.</p>\n<p id='7' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>1. Contribution Schedule. The employer contribution rate as of September 30, 2018 was $1.20 per hour.</p>\n<p id='8' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>2. Benefit Formula: A participant who meets the requirements for a Normal Pension shall receive a<br>monthly amount equal to the sum of $29 multiplied by the number of years of Future Credited<br>Service.</p>\n<p id='9' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>3. Modifications to the Contribution Schedule and Formula: Effective 4/9/18 the contribution rate increased<br>from $1.15 to $1.20 per hour. The amount of benefit payable to or on behalf of a Participant shall be<br>determined on the basis of his Credited Service to a maximum of 25 years, except there will be no<br>limit on the maximum number of years of service for Participants who have at least one hour of<br>contributions paid on their behalf on or after the calendar year beginning January 1, 2018 and who<br>have not retired.</p>\n<p id='10' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>4. Number of Employers obligated to contribute to the Plan: There were 96 employers obligated to<br>contribute to the Plan.</p>\n<p id='11' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>5. Employers who contributed more than 5% of the total contributions to the Plan during the Plan Year:<br>American Building Maintenance, Harvard Maintenance, Securitas and Total Facility Maintenance.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1840835, "type": "text", "content": "Federal Register / Vol. 84, No. 25 / Wednesday, February 6, 2019 / Proposed\nRules\n\n\n \n2079\n\n\nUpdate 10\u20133 explains the simplified \nmethod for determining an employer\u2019s \nproportional share of the value of \nadjustable benefit reductions. The \nmethod applies for any employer \nwithdrawal that occurs in any plan year\n\n\nThe value of the adjustable benefit \nreductions would be determined using \nthe same assumptions used to determine \nunfunded vested benefits for purposes \nof section 4211 of ERISA. The \nunamortized balance as of a plan year \nwould be the value as of the end of the \nyear in which the reductions took effect \n(base year), reduced as if that amount \nwere being fully amortized in level \nannual installments over 15 years, at the \nplan\u2019s valuation interest rate, beginning \nwith the first plan year after the base \nyear.\n\n\n \n\nThe withdrawing employer\u2019s\n\n\n \n\nallocation fraction is the amount of the \nemployer\u2019s required contributions over \na 5-year period divided by the amount \nof all employers\u2019 contributions over the \nsame 5-year period.\n\n\n \n\nThe 5-year period for computing the \nallocation fraction would be the most \nrecent five plan years ending before the \nemployer\u2019s withdrawal. For purposes of \ndetermining the allocation fraction, the \ndenominator would be increased by any \nemployer contributions owed with\n\n\n \n\nfollowing the plan year in which an \nadjustable benefit reduction takes effect \nand before the value of the adjustable \nbenefit reduction is fully amortized. The \nmethod is summarized in the chart in \nsection II.B.3. below.\n\n\nrespect to earlier periods that were \ncollected in the five plan years and \ndecreased by any amount contributed by \nan employer that withdrew from the \nplan during those plan years, or, \nalternatively, adjusted as permitted \nunder \u00a7 4211.12.\n\n\n \n\nFor calculating the value of adjustable \nbenefit reductions, Technical Update \n10\u20133 provides an adjustment if the plan \nuses the rolling-5 method. The value is \nreduced by outstanding claims for \nwithdrawal liability that can reasonably \nbe expected to be collected from \nemployers that withdrew as of the end \nof the year before the employer\u2019s \nwithdrawal. PBGC is not including this \nadjustment in this proposed rule. The \nrequirement to reduce the unfunded \nvested benefits by the present value of \nfuture withdrawal liability payments for \npreviously withdrawn employers is part \nof the rolling-5 calculation, and PBGC \nbelieves that excluding this adjustment \nin the proposed rule avoids some \nambiguity that might have led to\n\n\n \n\nAn employer\u2019s proportional share of \nthe value of adjustable benefit \nreductions is determined as of the end \nof the plan year before withdrawal as \nfollows\u2014\n\n\nadditional unnecessary calculations and \nrecordkeeping.\n\n\n \n\n2\\. Employer\u2019s Proportional Share of the \nValue of a Benefit Suspension\n\n\n \n\na. Static Value Method and Adjusted \nValue Method\n\n\n \n\nPBGC\u2019s proposed simplified \nframework would provide two \nsimplified methods that a plan sponsor \ncould choose between to calculate a \nwithdrawing employer\u2019s proportional \nshare of the value of a benefit \nsuspension\u2014the static value method \nand the adjusted value method. Both \nmethods apply for any employer \nwithdrawal that occurs within the 10 \nplan years after the end of the plan year \nthat includes the effective date of the \nbenefit suspension (10-year period). A \nchart including a comparison of the two \nmethods is in section II.B.3. below.\n\n\n \n\nUnder either method, an employer\u2019s \nproportional share of the value of a \nbenefit suspension is determined as \nfollows\u2014\n\n\nDecember 31, 2021, due to the benefit \nsuspension.\n\n\n \n\n10-year period would be the same as \nunder the static value method. For \nwithdrawals in years 2\u201310 of the 10-year \nperiod, the value of the suspended \nbenefits would be determined as of the \n\u2018\u2018revaluation date,\u2019\u2019 the last day of the \nplan year before the employer\u2019s \nwithdrawal. The value of the suspended \nbenefits would be equal to the present \nvalue of the benefits not expected to be \npaid in the year of withdrawal or \nthereafter due to the benefit suspension. \nFor example, assume that a calendar \nyear multiemployer plan receives final \nauthorization by the Secretary of the \nTreasury for a benefit suspension, \neffective January 1, 2018, and a \ncontributing employer withdraws \nduring the 2022 plan year. The \nrevaluation date would be December 31, \n2021\\. The value of the suspended \nbenefits would be the present value of \nthe benefits not expected to be paid after\n\n\n \n\nFor both methods, the withdrawing \nemployer\u2019s allocation fraction is the \namount of the employer\u2019s required \ncontributions over a 5-year period \ndivided by the amount of all employers\u2019 \ncontributions over the same 5-year \nperiod.\n\n\nPROPOSALS1\n\n\n \n\nUnder the static value method, the \npresent value of the suspended benefits \nas of a single calculation date would be \nused for all withdrawals in the 10-year \nperiod. At the plan sponsor\u2019s option, \nthat present value could be determined \nas of: (1) The effective date of the benefit \nsuspension (as similar calculations are \nrequired as of that date to obtain \napproval of the benefit suspension); or \n(2) the last day of the plan year \ncoincident with or following the date of \nthe benefit suspension (as calculations \nare required as of that date for other \nwithdrawal liability purposes). The \npresent value is determined using the \namount of the benefit suspension as \nauthorized by the Department of the \nTreasury under the plan\u2019s application \nfor benefit suspension.\n\n\n \n\nUnder the adjusted value method, the \npresent value of the suspended benefits \nfor a withdrawal in the first year of the\n\n\n \n\nwith EP06FE19.028\n\n\n \n\nDSK3GDR082PROD\n\n\namozie VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:37 Feb 05, 2019 Jkt 247001 PO 00000 Frm 00011\nFmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\\FR\\FM\\06FEP1.SGM 06FEP1\n\n\n \n\nFor the static value method, the 5-year \nperiod would be determined based on \nthe most recent 5 plan years ending \nbefore the plan year in which the benefit \nsuspension takes effect. For the adjusted \nvalue method, the 5-year period would \nbe determined based on the most recent \n5 plan years ending before the \nemployer\u2019s withdrawal (which is the \nsame 5-year period as is used for the \nsimplified method for adjustable benefit \nreductions).\n\n\non EP06FE19.027\n\n\n \n\nFor both the static value method and \nthe adjusted value method, the\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1993167, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='0' style='font-size:20px'>Plan Year \u2013 September 1, 2019 through August 31, 2020</header>\n<br><h1 id='1' style='font-size:20px'>SUMMARY ANNUAL REPORT FOR<br>CARPENTERS HEALTH AND WELFARE TRUST FUND FOR CALIFORNIA</h1>\n<p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>This is a summary of the annual report for the Carpenters Health and Welfare Trust Fund for California, Employer Identification Number 94-1234856,<br>multiemployer health and welfare plan, for the period September 1, 2019 through August 31, 2020. The annual report has been filed with the Employee<br>Benefits Security Administration, as required under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA).</p>\n<br><p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>a</p>\n<p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The Board of Trustees of the Carpenters Health and Welfare Trust Fund for California has committed the Fund to pay certain Medical, Hospital, Dental,<br>Orthodontia, Prescription Drug, Vision, Hearing Aid, Physical Examination, Weekly Disability, Mental Health and Substance Abuse claims under the<br>terms of the Plan.</p>\n<h1 id='5' style='font-size:20px'>Insurance Information:</h1>\n<p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The Plan has contracts with Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. to pay certain medical, hospital, mental health, substance abuse, and prescription drug<br>claims, Voya Financial, Inc. to pay all accidental death, dismemberment, life insurance claims, and all stop loss claims incurred under the terms of the<br>plan. The total premiums paid for all contracts for the Plan year ending August 31, 2020 were $288,691,387.</p>\n<h1 id='7' style='font-size:20px'>Basic Financial Statement:</h1>\n<p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The value of Plan assets, after subtracting liabilities of the Plan, was<br>$743,506,933 minus premiums and self-funded claims payable of<br>$71,448,658, minus claims incurred but not reported of $27,442,000, minus<br>bank of hours liability of $161,833,000, equals $482,783,275 as of August 31,<br>2020, compared to $710,231,200 minus premiums and self-funded claims<br>payable of $103,879,608, minus claims incurred but not reported of<br>$19,273,000, minus bank of hours liability of $190,361,000, equals<br>$396,717,592 as of September 1, 2019. During the Plan year, the Plan<br>experienced an increase in its net assets of $86,065,683. This increase<br>included unrealized appreciation or depreciation in the value of Plan assets;<br>that is, the difference between the value of the Plan's assets at the end of the<br>year and the value of the assets at the beginning of the year, or the cost of<br>assets acquired during the year.</p>\n<p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>During the plan year, the Plan had total income of $535,552,955; including<br>employer contributions of $434,869,382, participant contributions of<br>$31,417,512, realized gains of $1,078,845 from the sale of assets, earnings<br>from investments of $43,619,115, and other income of $24,568,101.</p>\n<br><table id='10' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td colspan=\"3\">Condensed Financial Statement</td></tr><tr><td>Beginning Balance Value of Net Plan Assets</td><td>As of 9/01/2018 $372,374,706</td><td>As of 9/01/2019 $396,717,592</td></tr><tr><td>Employer Contributions</td><td>$473,925,952</td><td>$434,869,382</td></tr><tr><td>Participant Contributions</td><td>$32,116,564</td><td>$31,417,512</td></tr><tr><td>Investments - Earnings</td><td>$19,069,814</td><td>$1,078,845</td></tr><tr><td>Sale of Assets - Earnings/Losses</td><td>$4,128,350</td><td>$43,619,115</td></tr><tr><td>Other Income</td><td>$17,794,745</td><td>$24,568,101</td></tr><tr><td>Plan Income</td><td>$547,035,425</td><td>$535,552,955</td></tr><tr><td>Insurance Premiums</td><td>$320,282,470</td><td>$288,691,387</td></tr><tr><td>Self-Funded Benefits</td><td>$187,654,595</td><td>$146,475,198</td></tr><tr><td>Administrative Fees</td><td>$13,207,477</td><td>$12,802,578</td></tr><tr><td>Investment Expenses</td><td>$1,547,997</td><td>$1,518,109</td></tr><tr><td>Total Expenses</td><td>$522,692,539</td><td>$449,487,272</td></tr><tr><td>Ending Balance Value of Net Plan Assets</td><td>As of 08/31/2019 $396,717,592</td><td>As of 08/31/2020 $482,783,275</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Plan expenses were $449,487,272. These expenses included $12,802,578 in<br>administrative expenses, $1,518,109 in investment expenses, $288,691,387<br>in premium costs, and $146,475,198 in self-funded benefits paid directly to participants and beneficiaries or to service providers on their behalf.</p>\n<footer id='12' style='font-size:14px'>Groups 1-5 / MAM 2021</footer>\n<br><footer id='13' style='font-size:20px'>30</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1922886, "type": "text", "content": "3\\. Employers Contributing More than 5%.\n\n\n \n\nDuring the 2019 plan year, the employers listed below contributed more than 5%\nof total \ncontributions to the Plan:\n\n\n \n\nThyssenKrupp Elevator \nOtis Elevator Company \nSchindler Elevator Corporation \nKONE, Inc.\n\n\n4\\. Participants for Whom No Contributions Were Made.\n\n\n \n\n2019 plan year: 0 \n2018 plan year: 0 \n2017 plan year: 0\n\n\n \n\nOnly those participants whose employers or former employers had withdrawn from\nthe Plan by \nthe beginning of the relevant plan year are included in the above numbers.\nParticipants whose \nemployers had not withdrawn from the Plan are not included, even if, in the\nrelevant year no \ncontributions were made by the employer on behalf of those participants. Also,\ndeferred vested \nand retired participants of employers who have not withdrawn from the Plan are\nnot included in \nthe above numbers.\n\n\n# 5 . Plan Funding Status.\n\n\n \n\nThe Plan was not in critical or endangered status during the plan year.\n\n\n6\\. Number of Employers That Withdrew in Preceding Plan Year.\n\n\n \n\nDuring the 2018 plan year, no employers withdrew from the Plan.\n\n\n \n\nAs reported on the 2019 Form 5500, the actual or estimated amount of employer\nwithdrawal \nliability assessed was $0.\n\n\n# 7 . Transaction Information.\n\n\n \n\nThe Plan did not merge with another plan and did not receive a transfer of the\nassets and \nliabilities of any other plan during the 2019 plan year.\n\n\n8\\. Amortization Extension or Shortfall Funding Method Information.\n\n\n \n\nThe Plan did not apply for or receive an amortization extension under ERISA\n\u00a7304(d) or Code \n\u00a7431(d) for the 2019 plan year.\n\n\n# 9\\. Right to Additional Information.\n\n\n \n\nAny contributing employer or participating union under the Plan may request\nfrom the Plan \nAdministrator, in writing, a copy of the documents listed below, but not more\nthan one time \nduring any one 12-month period. The administrator may charge a reasonable\namount to cover the \ncost of providing the document requested.\n\n\n \n\n\uf071 The Plan\u2019s 2019 Form 5500.\n\n\n \n\n\uf071 The Plan\u2019s Summary Plan Description.\n\n\n \n\n\uf071 Any Summaries of Material Modification to the Plan.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2816027, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='0' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The grounds for retirement of new pensioners with a retirement date during the year were:</p>\n<table id='1' style='font-size:20px'><tr><td>Retirement Types</td><td>Contributors retiring</td><td>Deferred benefits into payment</td><td>Total</td></tr><tr><td>Voluntary early</td><td>1117</td><td>3245</td><td>4362</td></tr><tr><td>Late (after normal retirement date)</td><td>439</td><td>64</td><td>503</td></tr><tr><td>Redundancy</td><td>337</td><td>n/r</td><td>337</td></tr><tr><td>Ill health</td><td>238</td><td>58</td><td>296</td></tr><tr><td>Flexible</td><td>260</td><td>n/r</td><td>260</td></tr><tr><td>Efficiency</td><td>53</td><td>n/r</td><td>53</td></tr><tr><td>Normal (at normal retirement date)</td><td>30</td><td>332</td><td>362</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>2474</td><td>3699</td><td>6173</td></tr></table>\n<br><h1 id='2' style='font-size:22px'>Our employers</h1>\n<br><p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The number of employers contributing to GMPF continues to grow. The number of employers with members who<br>have contributed during the year as at the end of March 2020 and for the two previous years are:</p>\n<table id='4' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td></td><td>March 2018</td><td>March 2019</td><td>March 2020</td></tr><tr><td>Employers with contributing members</td><td>560</td><td>585</td><td>597</td></tr></table>\n<p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>There are two main types of employers. There are those who in general are required to enrol all new employees<br>into the LGPS, such as Local Authorities. These are generally known as \u2018Scheme employers\u2019. Some employers<br>can ask to join in order to admit some or all employees into the LGPS. These are generally known as \u2018Admission<br>bodies\u2019.</p>\n<br><p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>A summary of the number of employers in GMPF analysed by these categories and split between those with<br>contributing members and those with no current contributors but who retain pension liabilities is below:</p>\n<table id='7' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td></td><td>With current contributors</td><td>With no current contributors but retaining liabilities</td><td>Total</td></tr><tr><td>Scheme bodies</td><td>347</td><td>142</td><td>489</td></tr><tr><td>Admission bodies</td><td>250</td><td>249</td><td>499</td></tr></table>\n<footer id='8' style='font-size:14px'>111</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Calculate the total number of participants whose employers withdrew from the Plan over the three years from 2017 to 2019.	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 187, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["numerical reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 1985253, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Bulletin 1492</p>\n<br><h1 id='12' style='font-size:20px'>Screw Connection Terminal Blocks<br>Specialty Feed-Through Blocks</h1>\n<table id='13' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td></td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-J4Q</td><td colspan=\"4\">1492-JD3C</td><td colspan=\"4\">1492-JD4C</td></tr><tr><td>Dimensions are not intended to be used for manufacturing purposes. Note: Height dimension is measured from top of rail to top of terminal block.</td><td colspan=\"2\">mm) (46 1.81\" 0.24\" (6.1 mm) 2.72\" (69 mm)</td><td colspan=\"4\">mm) (55.5 2.19\" 0.20\" (5.1 mm) 2.72\" (69 mm)</td><td colspan=\"4\">mm) (57 2..24\" 0.24\" (6.1 mm) 2.39\" (60.7 mm)</td></tr><tr><td>Specifications</td><td colspan=\"2\">Single-level feed-through terminal block with 2 connection points on each side</td><td colspan=\"4\">Two-level feed-through terminal block with commoning bar</td><td colspan=\"4\">Two-level feed-through terminal block with commoning bar</td></tr><tr><td>Certifications</td><td>CSA</td><td>IEC</td><td></td><td>CSA</td><td>IEC</td><td>ATEX</td><td></td><td>CSA</td><td>IEC</td><td>ATEX</td></tr><tr><td>Voltage Rating</td><td>600V AC/DC</td><td>500V AC/DC</td><td>600V AC/DC</td><td>300V AC/DC</td><td>400V AC/DC</td><td>275V AC/DC</td><td>600V AC/DC</td><td>300V AC/DC</td><td>400V AC/DC</td><td>550V AC/DC</td></tr><tr><td>Maximum Current</td><td>30 A</td><td>32 A</td><td>20</td><td>A 10 A</td><td>24 A</td><td>21 A</td><td>35 A</td><td>30 A</td><td>32 A</td><td>28 A</td></tr><tr><td>Wire Range (Rated Cross Section)</td><td>#30\u202610 AWG</td><td>0.5\u20264 mm2</td><td>#22\u202612</td><td>#26\u202612 AWG AWG</td><td>2.5 mm2</td><td>2.5 mm2 (20\u2026 14 AWG)</td><td colspan=\"2\">#26\u202610 AWG</td><td>0.5\u20264 mm2</td><td>4 mm2 (20\u202612 AWG)</td></tr><tr><td>Wire Strip Length</td><td colspan=\"2\">0.39 in. (10 mm)</td><td colspan=\"4\">0.39 in. (10 mm)</td><td colspan=\"4\">0.28 in. (7 mm)</td></tr><tr><td>Recommended Tightening Torque</td><td colspan=\"2\">6.2 lb\u2022in (0.7 N\u2022m)</td><td colspan=\"4\">4.5\u20267.1 lb\u2022in (0.5\u20260.8 N\u2022m)</td><td colspan=\"4\">4.5 lb\u2022in (0.5 N\u2022m)</td></tr><tr><td>Density</td><td colspan=\"2\">49 pcs/ft (163 pcs/m)</td><td colspan=\"4\">59 pcs/ft (196 pcs/m)</td><td colspan=\"4\">49 pcs/ft (163 pcs/m)</td></tr><tr><td>Housing Temperature Range</td><td colspan=\"2\">-58\u2026+248 \u00b0F (-50\u2026+120 \u00b0C)</td><td colspan=\"4\">-58\u2026+248 \u00b0F (-50\u2026+120 \u00b0C)</td><td colspan=\"4\">-58\u2026+248 \u00b0F (-50\u2026+120 \u00b0C)</td></tr><tr><td>Short-Circuit Current Rating (SCCR)</td><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td colspan=\"4\">See page 12-42</td><td colspan=\"4\"></td></tr><tr><td>Terminal Blocks</td><td>Cat. No.</td><td>Pkg Qty.</td><td></td><td>Cat. No.</td><td></td><td>Pkg Qty.</td><td colspan=\"2\">Cat. No.</td><td></td><td>Pkg Qty.</td></tr><tr><td>Color: Grey</td><td>1492-J4Q</td><td>50</td><td></td><td>1492-JD3C</td><td></td><td>100</td><td colspan=\"3\">1492-JD4C</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>Accessories</td><td>Cat. No.</td><td>Pkg Qty.</td><td></td><td>Cat. No.</td><td></td><td>Pkg Qty.</td><td colspan=\"3\">Cat. No.</td><td>Pkg Qty.</td></tr><tr><td>Mounting Rails: 1 m Symmetrical DIN (Steel)</td><td>199-DR1</td><td>10</td><td></td><td>199-DR1</td><td></td><td>10</td><td colspan=\"3\">199-DR1</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>1 m Symmetrical DIN (Aluminum)</td><td>1492-DR5</td><td>10</td><td></td><td>1492-DR5</td><td></td><td>10</td><td colspan=\"3\">1492-DR5</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>1 m Hi-Rise Sym. DIN (Aluminum)</td><td>1492-DR6</td><td>2</td><td></td><td>1492-DR6</td><td></td><td>2</td><td colspan=\"3\">1492-DR6</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>1 m Angled Hi-Rise Sym. DIN (Steel)</td><td>1492-DR7</td><td>2</td><td></td><td>1492-DR7</td><td></td><td>2</td><td colspan=\"3\">1492-DR7</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>End Barriers Grey</td><td>1492-EBJ4Q</td><td>50</td><td></td><td>1492-EBJD3</td><td></td><td>20</td><td colspan=\"3\">1492-EBJD4</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>Blue</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td></td><td>1492-EBJD3-B</td><td></td><td>20</td><td colspan=\"3\">\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Yellow</td><td>1492-EBJ4Q-Y</td><td>50</td><td></td><td>1492-EBJD3-Y</td><td></td><td>20</td><td colspan=\"3\">\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>End Anchors and Retainers: Screwless End Retainer</td><td>1492-ERL35</td><td>20</td><td></td><td>1492-ERL35</td><td></td><td>20</td><td colspan=\"3\">\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>DIN Rail \u2014 Normal Duty</td><td>1492-EAJ35</td><td>100</td><td></td><td>1492-EAJ35</td><td></td><td>100</td><td colspan=\"3\">\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>DIN Rail \u2014 Heavy Duty</td><td>1492-EAHJ35</td><td>50</td><td></td><td>1492-EAHJ35</td><td></td><td>50</td><td colspan=\"3\">1492-EAHJ35</td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>Jumpers:(cid:2) Screw Center Jumper \u2014 41-pole</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td></td><td>\u2014</td><td></td><td>\u2014</td><td colspan=\"3\">\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Screw Center Jumper \u2014 10-pole</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td></td><td>1492-CJJ5-10</td><td></td><td>20</td><td colspan=\"3\">\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Screw Center Jumper \u2014 4-pole</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td></td><td>1492-CJJ5-4</td><td></td><td>50</td><td colspan=\"3\">\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Screw Center Jumper \u2014 3-pole</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td></td><td>1492-CJJ5-3</td><td></td><td>50</td><td colspan=\"3\">\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Screw Center Jumper \u2014 2-pole</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td></td><td>1492-CJJ5-2</td><td></td><td>50</td><td colspan=\"3\">\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Plug-in Center Jumper \u2014 41-Pole</td><td>1492-CJLJ6-41</td><td>10</td><td></td><td>\u2014</td><td></td><td>\u2014</td><td colspan=\"3\">1492-CJLJ6-41</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Plug-in Center Jumper \u2014 5-, 6-, 7-, 8- , 9-, 10-Pole</td><td>1492-CJLJ6-10</td><td>20</td><td></td><td>\u2014</td><td></td><td>\u2014</td><td colspan=\"3\">1492-CJLJ6-10</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>Plug-in Center Jumper \u2014 2-, 3-, 4- Pole</td><td>1492-CJLJ6-2, -3, - 4</td><td>60</td><td></td><td>\u2014</td><td></td><td>\u2014</td><td colspan=\"3\">1492-CJLJ6-2, -3, -4</td><td>60</td></tr><tr><td>Insulated Side Jumper \u2014 24-Pole</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td></td><td>1492-SJ5A-24 1492-SJ5A-10</td><td></td><td>50</td><td colspan=\"3\">\u2014 \u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Insulated Side Jumper \u2014 10-Pole</td><td>\u2014</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>50</td><td colspan=\"3\"></td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014 \u2014</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td colspan=\"3\">\u2014</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Screw Type Jumper Notching Tool</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td></td><td>1492-T1 1492-PPJD3</td><td></td><td>20</td><td colspan=\"3\">1492-PPJD3</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Other Accessories: Partition Plate Test Plug Socket</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td></td><td>1492-TPS23</td><td></td><td>20</td><td colspan=\"3\">\u2014</td><td>20 \u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Test Plug</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td></td><td>1492-TP23</td><td></td><td>20</td><td colspan=\"3\">\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Test Plug (Stackable)</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td></td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td></td><td colspan=\"3\">\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">Marking Systems: Snap-in marker card</td><td>1492-MR6X12 (120/card)</td><td>5</td><td></td><td>1492-M5X8 (144/card)</td><td></td><td>5</td><td colspan=\"3\">1492-MR6X8 (120/card)</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>1492-M6X12 (120/card)</td><td>5</td><td></td><td>1492-M5X5 (200/card)</td><td></td><td>5</td><td colspan=\"3\">1492-M6X5 (200/card)</td><td>5</td></tr></table>\n<br><h1 id='14' style='font-size:22px'>0</h1>\n<h1 id='15' style='font-size:22px'>1</h1>\n<p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>2</p>\n<p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>3</p>\n<p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>4</p>\n<p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>5</p>\n<p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>6</p>\n<p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>7</p>\n<p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>8</p>\n<p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>9</p>\n<p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>10</p>\n<p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>11</p>\n<p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(cid:2) Use of center jumpers may affect spacings, requiring derating of terminal blocks; see page 12-83 for details.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1372122, "type": "html", "content": "<br><table id='26' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td></td><td colspan=\"3\">1492-J2Q</td><td colspan=\"3\">1492-J3TW</td><td rowspan=\"2\">1492-J4TW mm) (46 1.81\" 0.24\" (6.1 mm)</td></tr><tr><td>Dimensions are not intended to be used for manufacturing purposes. Note: Height dimension is measured from top of rail to top of terminal block.</td><td colspan=\"2\">mm) (39.5 1.56\" (5.1 mm) 0.20\" 2.36\" (60 mm)</td><td colspan=\"4\">mm) (39.5 1.56\" (5.1 mm) 0.20\" 2.36\" (60 mm)</td></tr><tr><td>Specifications</td><td colspan=\"2\">Feed-through terminal block with 2 connection points on each side</td><td colspan=\"4\">Feed-through terminal block with 3 connection points, 2 on one side</td><td>2.49\" (63 mm) Feed-through terminal block with 3 connection points, 2 on one side</td></tr><tr><td>Certifications</td><td colspan=\"2\">CSA IEC</td><td colspan=\"3\">CSA IEC ATEX</td><td colspan=\"2\">CSA IEC</td></tr><tr><td>Voltage Rating</td><td colspan=\"2\">800V 300V AC/DC AC/DC</td><td colspan=\"2\">300V AC/DC</td><td>800V AC/DC AC/DC</td><td>550V 600V AC/DC</td><td>500V AC/DC</td></tr><tr><td>Maximum Current</td><td colspan=\"2\">25 A 10 A 17.5 A</td><td colspan=\"3\">\u2014</td><td>30 A</td><td>32 A</td></tr><tr><td>Maximum Single Side</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u2014</td><td colspan=\"2\">10 A 15 A</td><td>17.5 A 15 A</td><td>\u2014 \u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Current Twin Side</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u2014</td><td colspan=\"2\">20 A</td><td>24 A 21 A</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u2014 \u2014 \u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Wire Range Single Side (Rated Cross Section)</td><td>#22\u202612 #26\u202612 AWG AWG</td><td>1.5 mm2</td><td>#22\u202612 26\u202612 AWG AWG</td><td>2.5 mm2</td><td>2.5 mm2 (#20\u202614 AWG) mm2</td><td rowspan=\"2\">#30\u202610 AWG</td><td rowspan=\"2\">4 mm2</td></tr><tr><td>Twin Side</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u2014</td><td>#22\u202614 26\u202614 AWG</td><td>AWG</td><td>1.5 1.5 mm2 (#20\u202616 AWG)</td></tr><tr><td>Wire Strip Length</td><td colspan=\"2\">0.28 in. (7 mm)</td><td colspan=\"3\">Single Side: 0.39 in. (10 mm) Twin Side: 0.26 in. (7 mm)</td><td colspan=\"2\">0.39 in. (10 mm)</td></tr><tr><td>Recommended Tightening Torque</td><td colspan=\"2\">4.5 lb\u2022in (0.5 N\u2022m)</td><td colspan=\"3\">Single Side: 7.0 lb\u2022in (0.8 N\u2022m) Twin Side:4.5 lb\u2022in (0.5 N\u2022m)</td><td colspan=\"2\">6.2 lb\u2022in (0.7 N\u2022m)</td></tr><tr><td>Density</td><td colspan=\"2\">59 pcs/ft (196 pcs/m)</td><td colspan=\"3\">59 pcs/ft (196 pcs/m)</td><td colspan=\"2\">59 pcs/ft (196 pcs/m)</td></tr><tr><td>Housing Insulation Temperature Temperature Range Range</td><td colspan=\"2\">-58\u2026+248 \u00b0F (-50\u2026+120 \u00b0C)</td><td colspan=\"3\">-58\u2026+248 \u00b0F (-50\u2026+120 \u00b0C)</td><td colspan=\"2\">-58\u2026+248 \u00b0F (-50\u2026+120 \u00b0C)</td></tr><tr><td>Short-Circuit</td><td colspan=\"2\">See page 12-42</td><td colspan=\"5\"></td></tr><tr><td>Current Rating Terminal Terminal Blocks Blocks</td><td>Cat. No.</td><td>Pkg Qty.</td><td></td><td>Cat. No.</td><td>Pkg Qty.</td><td>Cat. No.</td><td>Pkg Qty.</td></tr><tr><td>Color: Grey</td><td>1492-J2Q</td><td>100</td><td></td><td>1492-J3TW</td><td>100</td><td>1492-J4TW</td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Red 1492-J2Q-RE</td><td>100</td><td></td><td>1492-J3TW-RE</td><td>100</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Blue</td><td></td><td>1492-J2Q-B</td><td>1492-J3TW-B</td><td></td><td>100</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Black</td><td>1492-J2Q-BL</td><td>100 100</td><td>1492-J3TW-BL</td><td></td><td>100</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Green</td><td>1492-J2Q-G</td><td>100</td><td></td><td>1492-J3TW-G</td><td>100</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Yellow</td><td>1492-J2Q-Y</td><td>100</td><td></td><td>1492-J3TW-Y</td><td>100</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Orange</td><td>1492-J2Q-OR</td><td>100</td><td>1492-J3TW-OR</td><td></td><td>100</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Brown</td><td>1492-J2Q-BR</td><td>100</td><td>1492-J3TW-BR</td><td></td><td>100</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>White</td><td>1492-J2Q-W</td><td>100</td><td>1492-J3TW-W</td><td></td><td>100</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Accessories</td><td>Cat. No.</td><td>Pkg Qty.</td><td>Cat. No.</td><td>199-DR1</td><td>Pkg Qty.</td><td>Cat. No.</td><td>Pkg Qty.</td></tr><tr><td>Mounting Rails: 1 m Symmetrical DIN (Steel)</td><td>199-DR1</td><td>10</td><td></td><td></td><td>10</td><td>199-DR1</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>1 m Symmetrical DIN (Aluminum)</td><td>1492-DR5</td><td>10</td><td></td><td>1492-DR5</td><td>10</td><td>1492-DR5</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>1 m Hi-Rise Sym. DIN (Aluminum)</td><td>1492-DR6</td><td>2</td><td></td><td>1492-DR6</td><td>2</td><td>1492-DR6</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>1 m Angled Hi-Rise Sym. DIN (Steel)</td><td>1492-DR7</td><td>2</td><td>1492-DR7</td><td></td><td>2</td><td>1492-DR7</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>End Barriers Grey</td><td>1492-EBJ3</td><td>50</td><td></td><td>1492-EBJ3</td><td>50</td><td>1492-EBJ4TW</td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>Blue</td><td>1492-EBJ3-B</td><td>50</td><td>1492-EBJ3-B</td><td></td><td>50</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Yellow</td><td>1492-EBJ3-Y</td><td>50</td><td></td><td>1492-EBJ3-Y</td><td>50</td><td>1492-EBJ4TW-Y</td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>End Anchors and Retainers: Screwless End Retainer</td><td>1492-ERL35</td><td>20</td><td>1492-ERL35</td><td></td><td>20</td><td>1492-ERL35</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>DIN Rail \u2014 Normal Duty</td><td>1492-EAJ35</td><td>100</td><td></td><td>1492-EAJ35</td><td>100</td><td>1492-EAJ35</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>DIN Rail \u2014 Heavy Duty</td><td>1492-EAH35</td><td>10</td><td></td><td>1492-EAH35</td><td>10</td><td>1492-EAH35</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Jumpers:(cid:2) Screw Center Jumper \u2014 10-pole</td><td>1492-CJJ5-10</td><td>20</td><td></td><td>1492-CJJ5-10</td><td>20</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Screw Center Jumper \u2014 4-pole</td><td>1492-CJJ5-4</td><td>50</td><td></td><td>1492-CJJ5-4</td><td>50</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Screw Center Jumper \u2014 3-pole</td><td>1492-CJJ5-3</td><td>50</td><td></td><td>1492-CJJ5-3</td><td>50</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Screw Center Jumper \u2014 2-pole</td><td>1492-CJJ5-2</td><td>50</td><td>1492-CJJ5-2</td><td></td><td>50</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Plug-in Center Jumper \u2014 50-Pole (1492- J3TW)/ 41-Pole (1492-J4TW)</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td></td><td>1492-CJLJ5-50</td><td>10</td><td>1492-CJLJ6-41</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Plug-in Center Jumper \u2014 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-Pole</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td></td><td>1492-CJLJ5-5, -6, -7, -8, -9, -10</td><td>20</td><td>1492-CJLJ6-10</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>Plug-in Center Jumper \u2014 2-, 3-, 4-Pole</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>1492-CJLJ5-2,</td><td>-3, -4</td><td>60</td><td>1492-CJLJ6-2, -3, -4</td><td>60</td></tr><tr><td>Insulated Side Jumper \u2014 24-Pole</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1492-SJ5B-24</td><td>50</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>1492-SJ5B-24</td><td>50</td><td></td><td>1492-SJ5B-10</td><td>50</td><td>\u2014 \u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Insulated Side Jumper \u2014 10-Pole Screw Type Jumper Notching Tool</td><td>1492-SJ5B-10 1492-T1</td><td>50 1</td><td></td><td>1492-T1 1492-EBJ16</td><td>1 20</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Other Accessories: Partition Plate Test Plug Socket</td><td>1492-EBJ16 1492-TPS23L</td><td>20 50</td><td>1492-TPS23L</td><td></td><td>50</td><td>1492-TPS23L</td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>Test Plug</td><td>1492-TP23</td><td>20</td><td>1492-TP23</td><td></td><td>20</td><td>1492-TP23</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>Test Plug (Stackable)</td><td>1492-TPJ5</td><td>25</td><td>1492-TPJ5</td><td></td><td>25</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Marking Systems:</td><td>1492-M5X12 (144/card)</td><td>5</td><td></td><td>1492-M5X12 (144/card)</td><td>5</td><td>1492-MR6X12 (120/card)</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>Snap-in marker card</td><td>1492-M6X12 (200/card)</td><td>5</td><td></td><td>1492-M6X12 (200/card)</td><td>5</td><td>1492-M6X12 (120/card)</td><td>5</td></tr></table>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2447217, "type": "html", "content": "<table id='18' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td></td><td colspan=\"4\">1492-JD3</td><td colspan=\"5\">1492-JD4 1492-JT3M</td></tr><tr><td>Dimensions are not intended to be used for manufacturing purposes. Note: Height dimension is measured from top of rail to top of terminal block.</td><td colspan=\"4\">mm) (55.5 2.19\" 0.20\" (5.1 mm) 2.72\" (69 mm)</td><td colspan=\"3\">mm) (57 2..24\" 0.24\" (6.1 mm) 2.39\" (60.7 mm)</td><td colspan=\"2\">mm) (56.5 2..22\" 0.24\" (6.1 mm) 3.47\" (88 mm)</td></tr><tr><td>Specifications</td><td colspan=\"4\">Two-level, two-circuit feed-through terminal block</td><td colspan=\"3\">Two-level, two-circuit feed-through terminal block</td><td colspan=\"2\">Three-level, three-circuit terminal block with ground point</td></tr><tr><td>Certifications</td><td></td><td>CSA</td><td>IEC</td><td>ATEX</td><td>CSA</td><td>IEC</td><td>ATEX</td><td>CSA</td><td>IEC</td></tr><tr><td>Voltage Rating</td><td>600V AC/DC</td><td>300V AC/DC</td><td>400V AC/DC</td><td>275V AC/DC</td><td>600V 300V AC/DC AC/DC</td><td>800V AC/DC</td><td>550V AC/DC</td><td>300V AC/DC</td><td>400V AC/DC</td></tr><tr><td>Maximum Current</td><td>20</td><td>A 10 A</td><td>24 A</td><td>21 A</td><td>35 A 30 A</td><td>32 A</td><td>28 A</td><td>10 A</td><td>24 A</td></tr><tr><td>Wire Range (Rated Cross Section)</td><td>#22\u2026 12 AWG</td><td>26\u202612 AWG</td><td>2.5 mm2</td><td>2.5 mm2 (20\u2026 14 AWG)</td><td>#26\u202610 AWG</td><td>0.5\u20264 mm2</td><td>4 mm2 (20\u202612 AWG)</td><td>#22\u202612 #26\u202610 AWG AWG</td><td>0.5\u20262.5 mm2</td></tr><tr><td>Wire Strip Length</td><td colspan=\"4\">0.39 in. (10 mm)</td><td colspan=\"3\">0.315 in. (8 mm)</td><td colspan=\"2\">0.28 in. (7 mm)</td></tr><tr><td>Recommended Tightening Torque</td><td colspan=\"4\">4.5\u20267.1 lb\u2022in (0.5\u20260.8 N\u2022m)</td><td colspan=\"3\">4.5 lb\u2022in (0.5 N\u2022m)</td><td colspan=\"2\">4.4 lb\u2022in (0.5 N\u2022m)</td></tr><tr><td>Density</td><td colspan=\"4\">59 pcs/ft (196 pcs/m)</td><td colspan=\"3\">49 pcs/ft (163 pcs/m)</td><td colspan=\"2\">49 pcs/ft (163 pcs/m)</td></tr><tr><td>Housing Temperature Range</td><td colspan=\"4\">-58\u2026+248 \u00b0F (-50\u2026+120 \u00b0C)</td><td colspan=\"3\">-58\u2026+248 \u00b0F (-50\u2026+120 \u00b0C)</td><td colspan=\"2\">-58\u2026+248 \u00b0F (-50\u2026+120 \u00b0C) Cat. No.</td></tr><tr><td>Short-Circuit Current Rating</td><td colspan=\"4\"></td><td colspan=\"5\">See page 12-42</td></tr><tr><td>Terminal Blocks</td><td colspan=\"2\">Cat. No.</td><td colspan=\"2\">Pkg Qty.</td><td colspan=\"2\">Cat. No.</td><td colspan=\"2\">Pkg Qty.</td><td>Pkg Qty.</td></tr><tr><td>Color: Grey</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-JD3</td><td colspan=\"2\">100</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-JD4</td><td colspan=\"2\">100 1492-JT3M</td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>Red</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-JD3-RE</td><td colspan=\"2\">100</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-JD4-RE</td><td colspan=\"2\">100 \u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Blue</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-JD3-B</td><td colspan=\"2\">100</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-JD4-B</td><td colspan=\"2\">100 \u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Black</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-JD3-BL</td><td colspan=\"2\">100</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-JD4-BL</td><td colspan=\"2\">100 \u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Green</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-JD3-G</td><td colspan=\"2\">100</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-JD4-G</td><td colspan=\"2\">100 \u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Yellow</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-JD3-Y</td><td colspan=\"2\">100</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-JD4-Y</td><td colspan=\"2\">100 \u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Orange</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-JD3-OR</td><td colspan=\"2\">100</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-JD4-OR</td><td colspan=\"2\">100 \u2014 \u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Brown</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-JD3-BR</td><td colspan=\"2\">100</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-JD4-BR</td><td colspan=\"2\">100 \u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>White</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-JD3-W</td><td colspan=\"2\">100</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-JD4-W</td><td colspan=\"2\">100 \u2014 Cat. No.</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Accessories</td><td colspan=\"2\">Cat. No.</td><td colspan=\"2\">Pkg Qty.</td><td colspan=\"2\">Cat. No. 199-DR1</td><td colspan=\"2\">Pkg Qty. 199-DR1</td><td>Pkg Qty.</td></tr><tr><td>Mounting Rails: 1 m Symmetrical DIN (Steel)</td><td colspan=\"2\">199-DR1</td><td colspan=\"2\">10</td><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td colspan=\"2\">10</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>1 m Symmetrical DIN (Aluminum)</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-DR5</td><td colspan=\"2\">10</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-DR5</td><td colspan=\"2\">10 1492-DR5</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>1 m Hi-Rise Sym. DIN (Aluminum)</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-DR6</td><td colspan=\"2\">2</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-DR6</td><td colspan=\"2\">2 1492-DR6</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>1 m Angled Hi-Rise Sym. DIN (Steel)</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-DR7</td><td colspan=\"2\">2</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-DR7</td><td colspan=\"2\">2</td><td>1492-DR7 2</td></tr><tr><td>End Barrier Grey Blue</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-EBJD3 1492-EBJD3-B</td><td colspan=\"2\">20 20</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-EBJD4 1492-EBJD4-B</td><td colspan=\"2\">20 1492-EBJ3TM</td><td>20 \u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Yellow</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-EBJD3-Y</td><td colspan=\"2\">20</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u2014</td><td colspan=\"2\">20 \u2014 \u2014</td><td>\u2014 \u2014</td></tr><tr><td>End Anchor and Retainers: Screwless End Retainer</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-ERL35</td><td colspan=\"2\">20</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u2014</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u2014</td><td>\u2014 \u2014</td></tr><tr><td>DIN Rail \u2014 Normal Duty</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-EAJ35</td><td colspan=\"2\">100</td><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td colspan=\"2\">\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td colspan=\"2\">\u2014</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u2014</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DIN Rail \u2014 Heavy Duty</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-EAHJ35</td><td colspan=\"2\">50</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-EAHJ35</td><td colspan=\"2\">50 1492-EAHJ35</td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>Jumpers: Center Jumper \u2014 41-pole</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u2014</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u2014</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u2021 1492-CJLJ6-41</td><td colspan=\"2\">10 \u2014</td><td>\u2014 \u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Center Jumper \u2014 10-pole</td><td colspan=\"2\">(cid:3) 1492-CJJ5-10</td><td colspan=\"2\">20</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u2021 1492-CJLJ6-10</td><td colspan=\"2\">20</td><td>\u2014 \u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Center Jumper \u2014 4-pole</td><td colspan=\"2\">(cid:3) 1492-CJJ5-4</td><td colspan=\"2\">50</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u2021 1492-CJLJ6-4</td><td colspan=\"2\">60 \u2014 \u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Center Jumper \u2014 3-pole</td><td colspan=\"2\">(cid:3) 1492-CJJ5-3</td><td colspan=\"2\">50</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u2021 1492-CJLJ6-3</td><td colspan=\"2\">60 \u2014</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Center Jumper \u2014 2-pole</td><td colspan=\"2\">(cid:3) 1492-CJJ5-2 \u2014</td><td colspan=\"2\">50</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u2021 1492-CJLJ6-2 \u2014</td><td colspan=\"2\">60 \u2014 1492-SJ6A-50</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Insulated Side Jumper \u2014 50-Pole</td><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td colspan=\"2\">\u2014</td><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>Insulated Side Jumper \u2014 24-Pole</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-SJ5A-24</td><td colspan=\"2\">50</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u2014</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u2014 \u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-SJ5A-10 1492-T1</td><td colspan=\"2\">50</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u2014</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u2014 \u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Insulated Side Jumper \u2014 10-Pole</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-PPJD3</td><td colspan=\"2\">1</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u2014</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u2014 1492-PPJD3</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Screw Type Jumper Notching Tool Other Accessories: Partition Plate</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-TPS23</td><td colspan=\"2\">20 20</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-PPJD3 \u2014</td><td colspan=\"2\">20 \u2014 \u2014</td><td>20 \u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Test Plug Socket Test Plug</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-TP23</td><td colspan=\"2\">20</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u2014</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u2014 \u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Snap-in marker cards</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-M5X5 (200/card)</td><td colspan=\"2\">5</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-M6X5 (200/card)</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-M6X5 5 (200/card)</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>Snap-in marker cards</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-M5X8 (144/card)</td><td colspan=\"2\">5</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-MR6X8 (120/card)</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-MR6X8 5 (120/card)</td><td>5</td></tr></table>\n<br><h1 id='19' style='font-size:22px'>0</h1>\n<h1 id='20' style='font-size:22px'>1</h1>\n<p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>2</p>\n<p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>3</p>\n<p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>4</p>\n<p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>5</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3554700, "type": "text", "content": "With my own ZS6BKW antenna I have not been able to obtain anything better than\n1.7:1 to 2:1. In OM Brian's own \npublication in 1985 publication he merely speaks of \"an acceptable match\",\nbetter than 2:1 match on five bands, which \nseems much more realistic. And that is fine - better than 2:1 is more than\nsufficient - a 1:1 match is not required, contrary \nto what many hams these days believe!\n\n\n \n\nIn the table below are a few SWR figures that compare theoretical (calculated)\nvalues found the literature to the \nmeasured values of my own ZS6BKW antenna, as well as to the G5RV. (Only\ntheoretical values for the latter, but from \npast measurements when I did have a G5RV, I can testify that these match the\nactual performance fairly well.)\n\n\n(Note: these are the \"best\" SWR figures; they will of course vary while tuning\nacross the band. An SWR value of 'high\" \nmeans >10:1 and should be interpreted as \"probably tunable but hardly usable\"\nunless you have a really low-loss tuner \nand coax feed.)\n\n\nUsing 300 ohm tape for the matching stub is probably the most convenient\nsolution. This cable is available in South \nAfrica (while 450 ohm window line is hard to find) and relatively inexpensive.\nHowever it has the disadvantage of being \nsensitive to rain (i.e. when it's wet the velocity factor and therefore the\nmatching impedance changes dramatically) and \nfor outdoor use you absolutely need the black variety - white 300 ohm tape is\nnot UV resistant and won't last more than \na few months at best. The performance of 450 ohm window line is much better -\nif you can obtain any in South Africa at \nan affordable price! Alternatively, open line (a \"chicken ladder\") performs\nbetter than both 300 ohm tape and 450 ohm \nwindow line and is much cheaper, but you will have to make it yourself and the\nexact velocity factor and impedance will \ndepend a bit on the wire used and the distance between the wires, so you will\nneed to cut and tune it to obtain an optimal \nmatch. The length of 13.08 meters is an average, based on a theoretical VF of\n0.97, but in practice this may (and \nprobably will) vary slightly so a bit of tinkering is indicated. Note that the\nmatching section (be it tape, window line or \nladder line) must always \"hang freely\" and be kept well away from poles, roof\ngutters and other conductive objects! (So \nwhatever you do, do not tape it to your antenna mast!!)\n\n\nA lot of \"religious debate\" on whether or not to use a balun between the coax\nand the matching section has taken place \nover the years. Most of it is based upon OM Varney's own remarks on the\nsubject, and the experiments by other hams. \nHowever, Varney's statement that he did not notice any difference with or\nwithout a balun, and his conclusion that one \nis therefore better off without one, date from the 1960's and apply to the\nequipment of that era. Many hams, meanwhile, \nhave experimented with 4:1 voltage baluns, which introduce a mismatch (and\nhuge losses).\n\n\n \n\nThe fact of the matter is that any way you look at it, it is never a good idea\nto attaching an unbalanced coax directly to \na balanced load (which this antenna is). It introduces unbalanced currents in\na balanced antenna arrangement causing \nit to perform wildly different from what theory predicts, and it causes shield\ncurrents in the coax... which in turn often \nresult in burnt fingers in the shack, TV interference in the lounge, and QRM\nin the XYL. (HI) A proper 1:1 current balun \n(i.e. a choke) between the coax and the balanced antenna feed point is\ntherefore to be recommended.\n\n\n\\---oooOOOooo---\n\n\nA Half square antenna for 144Mhz / 2M\n\n\nThe theory behind it is simple. Two vertical pieces that are 1/4 wavelength\nand the top portion is a 1/2 wavelength. \nThe top portion is connected to one vertical piece and is where the centre\nconductor is connected to it and the \nbraid/shield is connected to the other vertical portion.\n\n\n \n\nThe for 2m is 20\"(50.8cm) for the vertical pieces and 40 inches(101.6cm) for\nthe top. The perfect antenna to have \nhidden behind drapes or a blind in case you need to go stealth in your\noperations.\n\n\n \n\nNotes: Leave the longest piece 2-3 inches longer than described and cut back\nthe end until you have a low swr. \nIt\u2019s easier to cut off than add.\n\n\nDiagram on the next page\n\n\n \n3\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1496328, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Bulletin 1492</p>\n<br><h1 id='11' style='font-size:20px'>Screw Connection Terminal Blocks<br>Space-Saver Feed-Through Blocks</h1>\n<h1 id='12' style='font-size:18px'>1492-W3</h1>\n<br><table id='13' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td></td><td colspan=\"4\"></td><td colspan=\"4\">1492-W4 1492-W6 mm) (41 1.61\" 0.24\" 0.28\" (6 mm) (7 mm)</td></tr><tr><td>Dimensions are not intended to be used for manufacturing purposes. Note: Height dimension is measured from top of rail to top of terminal block.</td><td colspan=\"8\">mm) mm) (35 (35 1.38\" 1.38\" 0.20\" (5 mm) 1.78\" (45.3 mm) 1.78\" (45.3 mm)</td></tr><tr><td>Specifications</td><td colspan=\"3\">Single-circuit terminal block.</td><td colspan=\"3\">Single-circuit terminal block.</td><td colspan=\"2\">1.87\" (47.6 mm) Single-circuit terminal block.</td></tr><tr><td>Certifications</td><td>IEC</td><td>CSA</td><td>ATEX</td><td>IEC</td><td>CSA ATEX</td><td>IEC</td><td>CSA</td><td>ATEX</td></tr><tr><td>Voltage Rating</td><td>600V 800V AC/DC AC/DC</td><td>600V AC/DC</td><td>550V AC/DC</td><td>600V 800V AC/DC AC/DC</td><td>600V 550V AC/DC AC/DC</td><td>600V AC/DC</td><td>800V 600V AC/DC AC/DC</td><td>550V AC/DC</td></tr><tr><td>Maximum Current</td><td>20 A 24 A</td><td>20 A</td><td>24</td><td>A 30 A 32 A</td><td>30 A 32 A</td><td>40 A 41 A</td><td>40 A</td><td>41 A</td></tr><tr><td>Wire Range (Rated Cross Section)</td><td>#30\u202614 0.5\u20262.5 #22\u202614 AWG mm2</td><td>2.5 AWG</td><td>mm2</td><td>#22\u202610 0.5\u20264.0 #22\u202610 AWG mm2 AWG</td><td>4.0 mm2</td><td>#22\u202610 0.5\u20266.0 AWG mm2</td><td>#22\u202610 AWG 0.47 in. (12 mm)</td><td>6.0 mm2</td></tr><tr><td>Wire Strip Length</td><td colspan=\"3\">0.39 in. (10 mm)</td><td colspan=\"5\">0.35 in. (9 mm) 5.0\u20265.6 lb\u2022in (0.6</td></tr><tr><td>Recommended Tightening Torque</td><td colspan=\"3\">5.0\u20265.6 lb\u2022in (0.6 N\u2022m)</td><td colspan=\"2\">N\u2022m)</td><td colspan=\"3\">5.6\u20266.8 lb\u2022in (0.7 N\u2022m)</td></tr><tr><td>Density</td><td colspan=\"3\">61 pcs/ft (200 pcs/m)</td><td colspan=\"3\">50 pcs/ft (166 pcs/m)</td><td colspan=\"2\">43 pcs/ft (142 pcs/m)</td></tr><tr><td>Housing Temperature Range</td><td colspan=\"3\">-40\u2026+195 \u00b0F (-40\u2026+90 \u00b0C)</td><td colspan=\"3\">-40\u2026+195 \u00b0F (-40\u2026+90 \u00b0C)</td><td colspan=\"2\">-40\u2026+195 \u00b0F (-40\u2026+90 \u00b0C)</td></tr><tr><td>Terminal Blocks</td><td>Cat. No.</td><td>Pkg</td><td>Qty.</td><td>Cat. No.</td><td>Pkg Qty.</td><td>Cat. No.</td><td></td><td>Pkg Qty.</td></tr><tr><td>Color: Grey Red</td><td>1492-W3</td><td></td><td>50</td><td>1492-W4</td><td>50</td><td></td><td>1492-W6</td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>1492-W3-RE</td><td></td><td>50</td><td>1492-W4-RE</td><td>50</td><td>1492-W6-RE</td><td></td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>Blue</td><td>1492-W3-B</td><td></td><td>50</td><td>1492-W4-B</td><td>50</td><td>1492-W6-B</td><td></td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>Black</td><td>1492-W3-BL</td><td></td><td>50</td><td>1492-W4-BL</td><td>50</td><td>1492-W6-BL</td><td></td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>Green</td><td>1492-W3-G</td><td></td><td>50</td><td>1492-W4-G</td><td>50</td><td>1492-W6-G</td><td></td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>Yellow</td><td>1492-W3-Y</td><td></td><td>50</td><td>1492-W4-Y</td><td>50</td><td>1492-W6-Y</td><td></td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>Orange</td><td>1492-W3-OR</td><td></td><td>50</td><td>1492-W4-OR</td><td>50</td><td>1492-W6-OR</td><td></td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>Brown</td><td>1492-W3-BR</td><td></td><td>50</td><td>1492-W4-BR</td><td>50</td><td>1492-W6-BR</td><td></td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>White</td><td>1492-W3-W</td><td></td><td>50</td><td>1492-W4-W</td><td>50</td><td>1492-W6-W</td><td></td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>Accessories</td><td>Cat. No.</td><td></td><td>Pkg Qty.</td><td>Cat. No.</td><td>Pkg Qty.</td><td>Cat. No.</td><td></td><td>Pkg Qty.</td></tr><tr><td>Mounting Rails: 1 m Symmetrical DIN (Steel)</td><td>199-DR1</td><td></td><td>10</td><td>199-DR1</td><td>10</td><td>199-DR1</td><td></td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>1 m Symmetrical DIN (Aluminum)</td><td>1492-DR5</td><td></td><td>10</td><td>1492-DR5</td><td>10</td><td>1492-DR5</td><td></td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>1 m Hi-Rise Sym. DIN (Aluminum)</td><td>1492-DR6</td><td></td><td>2</td><td>1492-DR6</td><td>2</td><td></td><td>1492-DR6</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>1 m Angled Hi-Rise Sym. DIN (Steel)</td><td>1492-DR7</td><td></td><td>2</td><td>1492-DR7</td><td>2</td><td>1492-DR7</td><td></td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>End Barrier</td><td>1492-EB3</td><td>50</td><td></td><td>1492-EB3</td><td>50</td><td>1492-EB10</td><td></td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>End Anchors and Retainers: Screwless End Retainer</td><td>1492-ERL35</td><td></td><td>20</td><td>1492-ERL35</td><td>20</td><td>1492-ERL35</td><td></td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>DIN Rail \u2014 Normal Duty</td><td>1492-EAJ35</td><td></td><td>100</td><td>1492-EAJ35</td><td>100</td><td>1492-EAJ35</td><td></td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>DIN Rail \u2014 Heavy Duty</td><td>1492-EAHJ35</td><td>50</td><td></td><td>1492-EAHJ35</td><td>50</td><td>1492-EAHJ35</td><td></td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>Jumpers: Insulated Side Jumper</td><td>1492-SJ5-10 (10-pole)</td><td></td><td>10</td><td>1492-N42 (2-pole) 1492-SJ6-10 (10-pole)</td><td>50 10</td><td>\u2014</td><td></td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Center Jumper \u2014 50-pole</td><td>1492-CJ5-50</td><td>5</td><td></td><td>1492-CJ6-50</td><td>5</td><td>\u2014</td><td></td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Center Jumper \u2014 40-pole</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td></td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>1492-CJ7-40</td><td></td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>Center Jumper \u2014 10-pole</td><td>1492-CJ5-10</td><td></td><td>10</td><td>1492-CJ6-10</td><td>10</td><td>1492-CJ7-10</td><td></td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Center Jumper \u2014 5-pole</td><td>1492-CJ5-5</td><td></td><td>10</td><td>1492-CJ6-5</td><td>10</td><td>1492-CJ7-5</td><td></td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Center Jumper \u2014 4-pole</td><td>1492-CJ5-4</td><td>10</td><td></td><td>1492-CJ6-4</td><td>10</td><td>1492-CJ7-4</td><td></td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Center Jumper \u2014 3-pole</td><td>1492-CJ5-3</td><td></td><td>10</td><td>1492-CJ6-3</td><td>10</td><td>1492-CJ7-3</td><td></td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Center Jumper \u2014 2-pole</td><td>1492-CJ5-2</td><td></td><td>10</td><td>1492-CJ6-2</td><td>10</td><td>1492-CJ7-2</td><td></td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Center Jumper Link</td><td>1492-CJL5</td><td>10</td><td></td><td>1492-CJL6</td><td>10</td><td>1492-CJL7</td><td></td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>1492-CJCW5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>20</td><td>1492-CJCW6</td><td></td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>Center Jumper Cover \u2014 White(cid:2) Other Accessories: Partition Plate</td><td></td><td>20</td><td></td><td>1492-CJCW6</td><td></td><td>1492-PP10</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>1492-PP3 1492-SP3</td><td></td><td></td><td>1492-PP3</td><td>50 50</td><td>\u2014</td><td></td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Separation Plate Test Plug</td><td>\u2014 \u2014</td><td>50 50 \u2014 \u2014</td><td></td><td>1492-SP3 1492-TP28</td><td>10 10</td><td>1492-TP28 \u2014</td><td></td><td>10 \u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Stackable Test Plug (with Legs) Stackable Test Plug (without Legs)</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td></td><td>1492-TP6EWL 1492-TP6E</td><td>10</td><td>\u2014</td><td></td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Test Plug Adapter</td><td>1492-TA285</td><td>10</td><td></td><td>1492-TA40</td><td>10</td><td>1492-TA40 1492-EWP7</td><td></td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Electrical Warning Plate (1-pole) Electrical Warning Plate (4-pole)</td><td>1492-EWP5</td><td></td><td>10 10</td><td>1492-EWP6 1492-EWP6-4</td><td>10 10</td><td>1492-EWP7-4</td><td></td><td>10 10</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>1492-EWP5-4</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Marking Systems: Snap-in Marker Cards</td><td>1492-MS5X12 (80/card)</td><td></td><td>5</td><td>1492-MS6X12 (80/card)</td><td>5</td><td>1492-MS6X12 (80/card)</td><td></td><td>5</td></tr></table>\n<br><h1 id='14' style='font-size:22px'>0</h1>\n<h1 id='15' style='font-size:22px'>1</h1>\n<p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>2</p>\n<p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>3</p>\n<p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>4</p>\n<p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>5</p>\n<p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>6</p>\n<p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>7</p>\n<p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>8</p>\n<p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>9</p>\n<p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>10</p>\n<p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>11</p>\n<p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(cid:2) May only be used as a marking surface. Cannot be installed over a center jumper.</p>\n<footer id='27' style='font-size:16px'>www.ab.com/catalogs Preferred availability cat. nos. are bbold.<br>Publication A117-CA001A-EN-P</footer>\n<br><footer id='28' style='font-size:22px'>12</footer>\n<p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>13</p>\n<footer id='30' style='font-size:20px'>12-11</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1774699, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Bulletin 1492</p>\n<br><h1 id='23' style='font-size:20px'>Spring-Clamp Connection Terminal Blocks</h1>\n<br><p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Sensor Blocks \u2014 3-Wire</p>\n<table id='25' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td></td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-LS2-3(cid:2) 1492-LS2-3L(cid:2)</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-LSG2-3(cid:2)</td><td colspan=\"2\">1492-LS2-BR 1492-LS2-B 1492-LSG2</td></tr><tr><td>Dimensions are not intended to be used for manufacturing purposes. Note: Height dimension is measured from top of rail to top of terminal block.</td><td colspan=\"2\">mm) mm) (38.5 1.52\" (5.1 mm) 0.20\" 2.68\" (68 mm)</td><td colspan=\"2\">(38.5 0.20\" 1.52\" (5.1 mm) 2.68\" (68 mm)</td><td colspan=\"2\">mm) (17.5 0.69\" 0.20\" (5.1 mm) 0.50\" (12.9 mm)</td></tr><tr><td>Specifications</td><td colspan=\"2\">3 conductor sensor block base for plug in distribution blocks</td><td colspan=\"2\">3 conductor sensor ground block base for plug in distribution blocks</td><td colspan=\"2\">Plug in Distribution blocks \u2014 internally jumpered</td></tr><tr><td>Certifications</td><td>CSA</td><td>IEC</td><td>CSA</td><td>IEC</td><td>CSA</td><td>IEC</td></tr><tr><td>Voltage Rating (without LED)</td><td>300V AC/DC</td><td>250V AC/DC</td><td>300V AC/DC</td><td>250V AC/DC</td><td>300V AC/DC</td><td>250V AC/DC</td></tr><tr><td>Voltage Rating (with LED)</td><td colspan=\"2\">5\u202630V AC/DC</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u2014</td><td colspan=\"2\">5\u202630V AC/DC</td></tr><tr><td>Maximum Current</td><td>10 A</td><td>17.5 A</td><td>10 A</td><td>17.5 A</td><td>10 A</td><td>17.5 A</td></tr><tr><td>Wire Range (Rated Cross Section)</td><td>#26\u202614 AWG</td><td>1.5 mm2</td><td>#26\u202614 AWG</td><td>1.5 mm2</td><td>#26\u202614 AWG</td><td>1.5 mm2</td></tr><tr><td>Wire Strip Length</td><td colspan=\"2\">0.31 in. (8 mm)</td><td colspan=\"2\">0.31 in. (8 mm)</td><td colspan=\"2\">0.31 in. (8 mm)</td></tr><tr><td>Density</td><td colspan=\"2\">59 pcs/ft (196 pcs/m)</td><td colspan=\"2\">59 pcs/ft (196 pcs/m)</td><td colspan=\"2\">59 pcs/ft (196 pcs/m)</td></tr><tr><td>Housing Temperature Range</td><td colspan=\"2\">-58\u2026+248 \u00b0F (-50\u2026+120 \u00b0C)</td><td colspan=\"2\">-58\u2026+248 \u00b0F (-50\u2026+120 \u00b0C)</td><td colspan=\"2\">-58\u2026+248 \u00b0F (-50\u2026+120 \u00b0C)</td></tr><tr><td>Terminal Blocks</td><td>Cat. No.</td><td>Pkg Qty.</td><td>Cat. No.</td><td>Pkg Qty.</td><td>Cat. No.</td><td>Pkg Qty.</td></tr><tr><td>Color: Grey (Without LED)</td><td>1492-LS2-3</td><td>50</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Grey (With LED)</td><td>1492-LS2-3L</td><td>50</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Green/Yellow</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>1492-LSG2-3</td><td>20</td><td>1492-LSG2</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>Brown</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>1492-LS2-BR</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>Blue</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>1492-LS2-B</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>Accessories</td><td>Cat. No.</td><td>Pkg Qty.</td><td>Cat. No.</td><td>Pkg Qty.</td><td>Cat. No.</td><td>Pkg Qty.</td></tr><tr><td>Mounting Rails: 1 m Symmetrical DIN (Steel)</td><td>199-DR1</td><td>10</td><td>199-DR1</td><td>10</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>1 m Symmetrical DIN (Aluminum)</td><td>1492-DR5</td><td>10</td><td>1492-DR5</td><td>10</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>1 m Hi-Rise Sym. DIN (Aluminum)</td><td>1492-DR6</td><td>2</td><td>1492-DR6</td><td>2</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>1 m Angled Hi-Rise Sym. DIN (Steel)</td><td>1492-DR7</td><td>2</td><td>1492-DR7</td><td>2</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>End Barriers Grey</td><td>1492-EBLS2-3</td><td>50</td><td>1492-EBLS2-3</td><td>50</td><td>Not required</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>End Anchors and Retainers Screwless End Retainer</td><td>1492-ERL35</td><td>20</td><td>1492-ERL35</td><td>20</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>DIN Rail \u2014 Normal Duty</td><td>1492-EAJ35</td><td>100</td><td>1492-EAJ35</td><td>100</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>DIN Rail \u2014 Heavy Duty</td><td>1492-EAHJ35</td><td>50</td><td>1492-EAHJ35</td><td>50</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Jumpers: Plug-in Center Jumper \u2014 50-Pole</td><td>1492-CJK5-50</td><td>10</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Plug-in Center Jumper \u2014 10-Pole</td><td>1492-CJK5-10</td><td>20</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Plug-in Center Jumper \u2014 9-Pole</td><td>1492-CJK5-9</td><td>20</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Plug-in Center Jumper \u2014 8-Pole</td><td>1492-CJK5-8</td><td>20</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Plug-in Center Jumper \u2014 7-Pole</td><td>1492-CJK5-7</td><td>20</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Plug-in Center Jumper \u2014 6-Pole</td><td>1492-CJK5-6</td><td>20</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Plug-in Center Jumper \u2014 5-Pole</td><td>1492-CJK5-5</td><td>20</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Plug-in Center Jumper \u2014 4-Pole</td><td>1492-CJK5-4</td><td>60</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Plug-in Center Jumper \u2014 3-Pole</td><td>1492-CJK5-3</td><td>60</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Plug-in Center Jumper \u2014 2-Pole</td><td>1492-CJK5-2</td><td>60</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Other Accessories: Reducing Sleeves 28\u202624 AWG (0.13\u20260.2 mm2) White</td><td>1492-PSLS2-2</td><td>100</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>1492-PSLS2-2</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>Reducing Sleeves 22\u202620 AWG (0.25\u20260.5 mm2) Grey</td><td>1492-PSLS2-5</td><td>100</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td><td>1492-PSLS2-5</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>Marking Systems: Snap-In Marker Cards</td><td>1492-M5X5 (200/card)</td><td>5</td><td>1492-M5X5 (200/card)</td><td>5</td><td>\u2014</td><td>\u2014</td></tr></table>\n<br><h1 id='26' style='font-size:22px'>0</h1>\n<p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>1</p>\n<p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>2</p>\n<p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>3</p>\n<p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>4</p>\n<p id='31' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>5</p>\n<p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>6</p>\n<p id='33' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>7</p>\n<p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>8</p>\n<p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>9</p>\n<p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>10</p>\n<p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>11</p>\n<p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(cid:2) A combination of two distribution blocks must be used with each base block.</p>\n<footer id='39' style='font-size:16px'>www.ab.com/catalogs Preferred availability cat. nos. are bbold.<br>Publication A117-CA001A-EN-P</footer>\n<br><p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>13</p>\n<br><footer id='41' style='font-size:22px'>12</footer>\n<footer id='42' style='font-size:18px'>12-59</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 125501, "type": "text", "content": "Dimensions: Housing: 18.0 x 16.0\u03c8 x 19.8mm overall height \nTotal overall length: 56.0 mm approx.\n\n\n# A wards\n\n\n \n\nDeMag Wins CES Best of Innovations \u201907 \u2022 e-TP609 Wins Absolute Sound Product\nof the Year \nAwards \u201907 \u2022 G-320A-18 Power Cord Wins 6moons Blue Moon Award \u201907 \u2022 Evolution\nCables Wins Best \nof 2007 Awards Enjoy the Music \u2022 Reference III Cables Win Absolute Sound\nEditors\u2019 Choice \u201807/\u201908 \u2022 \nAG-12 Phono Cable Wins the SoundStage Network\u2019s Reviewers\u2019 Choice Award \u201908 \u2022\nAg-12 Phono \nCable is Tone Audio\u2019s Exceptional Value Award \u201908 \u2022 Monza LP Stabilizer,\nSilver Arrows Phono Cable, \nLa Source Headshell Extensions All Win Tone Audio\u2019s Accessory Products of the\nYear \u2022 xv1.3 HDMI \nCable Wins Positive Feedback\u2019s Brutus Award \u201908 \u2022 FI-50 Piezo Ceramic Series\nConnectors Win CES \nBest of Innovations \u201909 \u2022 Monza LP Stabilizer Wins Positive Feedback\u2019s Brutus\nAward \u201909 \u2022 Select \nSeries Fuses Win Positive Feedback\u2019s Brutus Award \u201909 \u2022 GT2 USB Cable is\nPlayback \nRecommended \u201909 \u2022 Torque Guard Speaker Binding Posts Innovations Honoree \u201911 \u2022\nADL GT40 Wins \nTone Audio\u2019s Budget Digital Product of the Year Award \u201911 \u2022 ADL GT40 Wins\nSoundStage Network\u2019s \nGood Sound Great Buy Award \u201911 \u2022 PFO Writers\u2019 Choice Award for the Furutech\nDeStat II, GT40, \nFlow28, and the DeStat II \u201911\n\n\nM ake a More Powerful Connection with Furutech!\n\n\n \n\nFURUTECH CO., LTD \u2022 service@furutech.com \u2022 www.furutech.com\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1159671, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='0' style='font-size:18px'>C A B L E A S S E M B L I E S</header>\n<br><header id='1' style='font-size:16px'>8.3</header>\n<h1 id='2' style='font-size:20px'>Coax Cable Assemblies</h1>\n<br><h1 id='3' style='font-size:20px'>Video Cords</h1>\n<table id='4' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">Part No.</td><td rowspan=\"2\">Gender</td><td colspan=\"2\">Standard Lengths</td><td colspan=\"2\">Standard Unit Weight</td><td rowspan=\"2\">Cond. AWG (Stranding) Diameter Nom. DCR</td><td colspan=\"2\">Nominal Insulation OD</td><td rowspan=\"2\">Shielding Material Nom. DCR</td><td colspan=\"2\">Nominal OD</td><td rowspan=\"2\">Nom. Imp. (\u2126)</td><td rowspan=\"2\">Nom. Vel. of Prop.</td><td colspan=\"2\">Nominal Capacitance</td><td colspan=\"3\">Nominal Attenuation</td></tr><tr><td>ft.</td><td>m</td><td>lbs.</td><td>kg</td><td>inch</td><td>mm</td><td>inch</td><td>mm</td><td>pF/ft.</td><td>pF/m</td><td>MHz</td><td>dB/ 100 ft.</td><td>dB/ 100 m</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Brilliance Assemblies \u2022 1505F HDTV / SDI \u2022 BNC, RCA or F Connectors on both ends \u2022 Superflex 75 Ohm broadcast quality<br>assembled colored cable with two strain relief boosts</p>\n<br><p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Digital video and HDTV run at higher frequencies and make better use of composite video for even greater picture clarity. To accommodate the need for higher frequen-<br>cy, and the ability to run more demanding applications such as high resolution VGA on large screens, HDTV, Hi-Res CAD, animation, editing and special effects, Belden<br>uses the extremely popular 1505F which has the optimum design to meet these new high-end requirements. The Belden line includes high performance professional<br>connectors with excellent connector pull strength and minimal signal loss. Perfect for patching, rack wiring, OB vans, satellite headends, CCTV, etc.</p>\n<br><p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Gas-injected Foam HDPE Insulation \u2022 PVC Jacket (Matte Black, Red, Green, Blue, Yellow, White, Violet, Orange)</p>\n<br><table id='8' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>1.6</td><td>0.5</td><td>0.18</td><td>0.08</td><td>22 AWG</td><td>0.145</td><td>3.68</td><td>Double</td><td>0.242</td><td>6.15</td><td>75</td><td>80%</td><td>17.0</td><td>55.7</td><td>1</td><td>0.2</td><td>0.7</td></tr><tr><td>3.3</td><td>1.0</td><td>0.26</td><td>0.12</td><td>0.79 mm</td><td></td><td></td><td>95% TC</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>3.6</td><td>0.5</td><td>1.6</td></tr><tr><td>6.6</td><td>2.0</td><td>0.43</td><td>0.19</td><td>(7x29) BC</td><td></td><td></td><td>Braid</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>10</td><td>0.9</td><td>2.9</td></tr><tr><td>9.8</td><td>3.0</td><td>0.59</td><td>0.27</td><td>47.8 \u2126 /km</td><td></td><td></td><td>7.8 \u2126 /km</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>71.5</td><td>2.5</td><td>8.2</td></tr><tr><td>16.4</td><td>5.0</td><td>0.92</td><td>0.42</td><td>40.0 \u2126 /km</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>135</td><td>3.5</td><td>11.5</td></tr><tr><td>19.7</td><td>6.0</td><td>1.09</td><td>0.49</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>270</td><td>5.1</td><td>16.7</td></tr><tr><td>49.2</td><td>15.0</td><td>2.58</td><td>1.17</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>360</td><td>6.0</td><td>19.7</td></tr><tr><td>65.6</td><td>20.0</td><td>3.40</td><td>1.54</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>540</td><td>7.4</td><td>24.3</td></tr><tr><td>98.4</td><td>30.0</td><td>5.06</td><td>2.29</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>720</td><td>8.7</td><td>28.5</td></tr><tr><td>147.6</td><td>45.0</td><td>7.54</td><td>3.42</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>750</td><td>8.9</td><td>29.2</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1000</td><td>10.5</td><td>34.4</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1500</td><td>13.3</td><td>43.6</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2250</td><td>16.9</td><td>55.4</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>3000</td><td>20.3</td><td>66.6</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Return loss at 5-3000 MHz: \u2265 15 dB</p>\n<table id='10' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td colspan=\"10\">1505F BNC-BNC \u2022 for Analog & Digital Video, Patchcords, CCTV, Satellite Uplink / Downlink, Telecom</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"4\">CA00100...</td><td>Length</td><td>Violet</td><td>Black</td><td>Red</td><td>Green</td><td>Blue</td><td>Yellow</td><td>White</td><td>Orange</td></tr><tr><td>0.5</td><td>00C0D5</td><td>01C0D5</td><td>02C0D5</td><td>03C0D5</td><td>04C0D5</td><td>05C0D5</td><td>06C0D5</td><td>07C0D5</td></tr><tr><td>1.0</td><td>00C1</td><td>01C1</td><td>02C1</td><td>03C1</td><td>04C1</td><td>05C1</td><td>06C1</td><td>07C1</td></tr><tr><td>2.0</td><td>00C2</td><td>01C2</td><td>02C2</td><td>03C2</td><td>04C2</td><td>05C2</td><td>06C2</td><td>07C2</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"3\"></td><td>3.0</td><td>00C3</td><td>01C3</td><td>02C3</td><td>03C3</td><td>04C3</td><td>05C3</td><td>06C3</td><td>07C3</td></tr><tr><td>5.0</td><td>00C5</td><td>01C5</td><td>02C5</td><td>03C5</td><td>04C5</td><td>05C5</td><td>06C5</td><td>07C5</td></tr><tr><td>6.0</td><td>00C6</td><td>01C6</td><td>02C6</td><td>03C6</td><td>04C6</td><td>05C6</td><td>06C6</td><td>07C6</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"4\">Example Part No. CA0010000C0D5 = 1505F BNC-BNC, 0.5 m, violet</td><td>15.0</td><td>00C15</td><td>01C15</td><td>02C15</td><td>03C15</td><td>04C15</td><td>05C15</td><td>06C15</td><td>07C15</td></tr><tr><td>20.0</td><td>00C20</td><td>01C20</td><td>02C20</td><td>03C20</td><td>04C20</td><td>05C20</td><td>06C20</td><td>07C20</td></tr><tr><td>30.0</td><td>00C30</td><td>01C30</td><td>02C30</td><td>03C30</td><td>04C30</td><td>05C30</td><td>06C30</td><td>07C30</td></tr><tr><td>45.0</td><td>00C45</td><td>01C45</td><td>02C45</td><td>03C45</td><td>04C45</td><td>05C45</td><td>06C45</td><td>07C45</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"10\">1505F RCA-RCA \u2022 for Audio or Video, Projectors, Digital Audio (S / PDIF) Subwoofer, Analog Audio and Composite Video</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"3\">CA00101...</td><td>Length</td><td>Violet</td><td>Black</td><td>Red</td><td>Green</td><td>Blue</td><td>Yellow</td><td>White</td><td>Orange</td></tr><tr><td>0.5</td><td>00C0D5</td><td>01C0D5</td><td>02C0D5</td><td>03C0D5</td><td>04C0D5</td><td>05C0D5</td><td>06C0D5</td><td>07C0D5</td></tr><tr><td>1.0</td><td>00C1</td><td>01C1</td><td>02C1</td><td>03C1</td><td>04C1</td><td>05C1</td><td>06C1</td><td>07C1</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"3\"></td><td>2.0</td><td>00C2</td><td>01C2</td><td>02C2</td><td>03C2</td><td>04C2</td><td>05C2</td><td>06C2</td><td>07C2</td></tr><tr><td>3.0</td><td>00C3</td><td>01C3</td><td>02C3</td><td>03C3</td><td>04C3</td><td>05C3</td><td>06C3</td><td>07C3</td></tr><tr><td>5.0</td><td>00C5</td><td>01C5</td><td>02C5</td><td>03C5</td><td>04C5</td><td>05C5</td><td>06C5</td><td>07C5</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"5\">Example Part No. CA0010100C0D5 = 1505F RCA-RCA, 0.5 m, violet</td><td>6.0</td><td>00C6</td><td>01C6</td><td>02C6</td><td>03C6</td><td>04C6</td><td>05C6</td><td>06C6</td><td>07C6</td></tr><tr><td>15.0</td><td>00C15</td><td>01C15</td><td>02C15</td><td>03C15</td><td>04C15</td><td>05C15</td><td>06C15</td><td>07C15</td></tr><tr><td>20.0</td><td>00C20</td><td>01C20</td><td>02C20</td><td>03C20</td><td>04C20</td><td>05C20</td><td>06C20</td><td>07C20</td></tr><tr><td>30.0</td><td>00C30</td><td>01C30</td><td>02C30</td><td>03C30</td><td>04C30</td><td>05C30</td><td>06C30</td><td>07C30</td></tr><tr><td>45.0</td><td>00C45</td><td>01C45</td><td>02C45</td><td>03C45</td><td>04C45</td><td>05C45</td><td>06C45</td><td>07C45</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"10\">1505F F-F \u2022 for Cable TV, Satellite and Antenna. The Brilliance Assemblies RF Video Cords can be Specially Ordered.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"6\">CA00102...</td><td>Length</td><td>Violet</td><td>Black</td><td>Red</td><td>Green</td><td>Blue</td><td>Yellow</td><td>White</td><td>Orange</td></tr><tr><td>0.5</td><td>00C0D5</td><td>01C0D5</td><td>02C0D5</td><td>03C0D5</td><td>04C0D5</td><td>05C0D5</td><td>06C0D5</td><td>07C0D5</td></tr><tr><td>1.0</td><td>00C1</td><td>01C1</td><td>02C1</td><td>03C1</td><td>04C1</td><td>05C1</td><td>06C1</td><td>07C1</td></tr><tr><td>2.0</td><td>00C2</td><td>01C2</td><td>02C2</td><td>03C2</td><td>04C2</td><td>05C2</td><td>06C2</td><td>07C2</td></tr><tr><td>3.0</td><td>00C3</td><td>01C3</td><td>02C3</td><td>03C3</td><td>04C3</td><td>05C3</td><td>06C3</td><td>07C3</td></tr><tr><td>5.0</td><td>00C5</td><td>01C5</td><td>02C5</td><td>03C5</td><td>04C5</td><td>05C5</td><td>06C5</td><td>07C5</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"5\">Example Part No. CA0010200C0D5 = 1505F F-F, 0.5 m, violet</td><td>6.0</td><td>00C6</td><td>01C6</td><td>02C6</td><td>03C6</td><td>04C6</td><td>05C6</td><td>06C6</td><td>07C6</td></tr><tr><td>15.0</td><td>00C15</td><td>01C15</td><td>02C15</td><td>03C15</td><td>04C15</td><td>05C15</td><td>06C15</td><td>07C15</td></tr><tr><td>20.0</td><td>00C20</td><td>01C20</td><td>02C20</td><td>03C20</td><td>04C20</td><td>05C20</td><td>06C20</td><td>07C20</td></tr><tr><td>30.0</td><td>00C30</td><td>01C30</td><td>02C30</td><td>03C30</td><td>04C30</td><td>05C30</td><td>06C30</td><td>07C30</td></tr><tr><td>45.0</td><td>00C45</td><td>01C45</td><td>02C45</td><td>03C45</td><td>04C45</td><td>05C45</td><td>06C45</td><td>07C45</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>* DC loop resistance \u2022 DC resistance inner conductor \u2022 * DC resistance outer conductor \u2022 DCR = DC resistance \u2022 M = Male \u2022 F = Female \u2022 TC = Tinned Copper \u2022 BC = Bare Copper</p>\n<table id='12' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td colspan=\"3\">To comfortably support today\u2019s broadcast technology, Brilliance Assemblies can be specially ordered:</td><td colspan=\"2\">Recommened Color Schema:</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">1. for mobile television broadcast trucks with 179DT 2. as an economical version with 1855A</td><td rowspan=\"2\">BNC-BNC (CA00103) BNC-BNC (CA00106)</td><td rowspan=\"2\">3. for long runs with 1505A BNC-BNC (CA00109) 4. for longer runs with 1694A BNC-BNC (CA00112)</td><td>Red+Black</td><td>Analog audio</td></tr><tr><td>RGB (Red, Green, Blue)</td><td>Component video</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">All these Brilliance Assemblies are available in 10 colors (1505A with 8 colors).</td><td>Orange</td><td>Digital audio</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">If you require a specific connector, you can choose from the following brands: ADC, Neutrik, Damar+Hagen, Telegaertner.</td><td>Yellow</td><td>Composite video</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Violet</td><td>Digital video/HDTV</td></tr></table>\n<p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>F o r m o r e i n f o r m a t i o n , c o n t a c t B e l d e n Te c h n i c a l S u p p o r t + 3 1- 7 7- 3 8 7 5 - 4 1 4 \u2022 w w w. b e l d e n - e m e a . c o m</p>\n<br><footer id='14' style='font-size:22px'>Assembly<br>Cable<br>\u2022<br>8</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 125500, "type": "text", "content": " \n\n# Introducing Ethereal \nFT-212 Banana Terminals\n\n\nP remier Performance and \nLegendary Build Quality\n\n\nThe Furutech Ethereal FT-211(G)/(R) Banana Terminals\n\n\n \n\nFurutech is known the world over for a huge variety of top-quality OEM parts\nand delivers \nconsistently superior results by following Pure Transmission principles;\nexamine every link in \nthe power and signal path and ultimately optimize each and every element.\n\n\nI n highly-resolving audio systems EVERYTHING makes a difference. Low-mass,\nlow-weight \nspade and banana speaker terminals have recently found favor with many\naudiophiles. \nFurutech\u2019s beautifully-finished, beautiful-sounding Ethereal Spade Terminals\nare the result of \nmeticulous engineering and careful audition of various materials. The FT-211\nfeatures an \u03b1 \n(Alpha) pure-copper conductor yielding minimal impedance. The conductor is\nhoused in an \nextremely nonresonant POM resin body with a shell crafted of nylon and\nfiberglass using \nFurutech\u2019s outstanding Piezo Ceramic damping material. The pin locks feature a\nnew \npatent-pending mechanism for a secure, reliable grip.\n\n\n# I t\u2019s difficult to find better\u2026\n\n\n# F eatures and Materials\n\n\n\u2022 Main conductor: Rhodium or 24k gold-plated \u03b1 (Alpha) pure copper wire \n\u2022 Housing: Black nylon/fiberglass with Piezo Ceramic resin \n\u2022 Body Insulation: Black resin-injected POM \n\u2022 Termination: Set screw \n\u2022 Specified for core diameters up to 4.2mm \n\u2022 Specified for core insulation diameter up to 7.8mm \n\u2022 End Ring: Stainless steel\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 615813, "type": "text", "content": "# Connectors, LEDs and dimensions\n\n\n \n\n5 mm\n\n\n \n\n# P3 cable entry plug, cable cross sections\n\n\n \n\nSolid wire: 26-16 AWG / 0.13-1.5mm\u00b2 \nStranded wire: 26-16 AWG / 0.13-1.5mm\u00b2 \nTorque: 3.0Lb.In / 0.34Nm \nWire stripe length: 6-7mm\n\n\n \n\n# P1, cable cross sections\n\n\n \n\nConductor cross section solid min. 0.2 mm\u00b2 \nConductor cross section solid max. 10 mm\u00b2 \nConductor cross section flexible min. 0.2 mm\u00b2 \nConductor cross section flexible max. 6 mm\u00b2 \nConductor cross section flexible, with ferrule without plastic sleeve min.\n0.25 mm\u00b2 \nConductor cross section flexible, with ferrule without plastic sleeve max. 6\nmm\u00b2 \nConductor cross section flexible, with ferrule with plastic sleeve min. 0.25\nmm\u00b2 \nConductor cross section flexible, with ferrule with plastic sleeve max. 4 mm\u00b2 \nConductor cross section AWG min. 24 \nConductor cross section AWG max. 8 \n2 conductors with same cross section, stranded, TWIN ferrules with plastic\nsleeve, min. 0.25 mm\u00b2 \n2 conductors with same cross section, stranded, TWIN ferrules with plastic\nsleeve, max. 1.5 mm\u00b2 \nWire Stripe length: 15mm\n\n\n \n3\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	If you have two FT-211 Banana Terminals lined up end to end, what would be their total length in centimeters?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 190, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["numerical reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 714664, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='0' style='font-size:14px'>Jim Hasselback Seminar Participant Registration Form</header>\n<p id='1' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>T o Register: Please complete the following form, one form per participant.<br>Fields marked with an asterisk () are required.<br>Company:</p>\n<br><figure><img id='2' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"F irst Name: (required)\nL ast Name: (required)\nS treet Address: (required)\nS treet Address 2:\nC ity: (required)\nS tate: (required)\nZ ip: (required)\nE mail: (required)\nP hone (day):(required)\nP hone (eve):\nP hone (cell):\nE mail your registration:\" data-coord=\"top-left:(64,190); bottom-right:(902,967)\" /></figure>\n<h1 id='3' style='font-size:14px'>Seminar Date(s) you are registering for:</h1>\n<p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>A fter submitting your registration form by Email, please submit your payment. To pay<br>by check, please make the check payable to James R. Hasselback.<br>Print this form and mail with your payment to:</p>\n<br><p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>4305\u00a0Cripple\u00a0Creek<br>Tallahassee, FL 32309<br>Phone/Fax/Recorder: 850.894.2244</p>\n<h1 id='6' style='font-size:14px'>S ingle Participant:<br>Seminar: $170.00</h1>\n<br><p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Groups of 5 or more\u00a0(complete\u00a01\u00a0form\u00a0for\u00a0each\u00a0participant):<br>$153.00</p>\n<p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>To pay using PayPal, first submit your registration by Email, and then proceed to the<br>PayPal payment page. <br></p>\n<h1 id='9' style='font-size:14px'>Thank you for your registration.</h1>\n<br><p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Seminar participant confirmation letters/emails will be sent 7 days prior to seminar dates.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 936880, "type": "text", "content": "# CALL TO CONFERENCE\n\n\n \n\n# Registration \nStatus and Policies\n\n\n# Your Costs/Fees Include:\n\n\n \n\n# PRE-CONFERENCE REGISTRATION\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Registration bag and supplementary conference materials \n\u2022 Coffee Breaks (Wednesday) \n\u2022 Hospitality Suite Access (Tuesday & Wednesday)\n\n\n \n\n# CONFERENCE REGISTRATION\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Registration bag and supplementary conference materials \n\u2022 All Conference Welcome Reception (Wednesday) \n\u2022 Opening Session with Keynote Speaker and Breakfast \n(Thursday) \n\u2022 Social Hour (Friday) \n\u2022 Coffee Breaks (Thursday & Friday) \n\u2022 Closing Session with Endnote Speaker \nand Brunch (Saturday) \n\u2022 Hospitality Suite Access (Tuesday - Friday)\n\n\n \n\n# Deadline & Payment\n\n\n \n\nParticipants are encouraged to register early to secure tickets \nto conference events that have limited seating such as Pre- \nConference Institutes and tours. Payment may be made by \npersonal or institutional check or by credit card. Those registering \nfor the conference need to meet the conference deadlines listed \non page 14. Only those who register and make payment within \nthe Early Registration period will receive the early discounted \nrates. Regular Registration rates are effective September 28 \nto November 1, 2021.\n\n\nRegistrations postmarked after November 1 will be adjusted \nto account for On-Site rates, and the participant must make \npayment (either by personal or institutional check or credit \ncard) at the On-Site Registration Desk before receiving any \nregistration materials.\n\n\nTo qualify for the Early Registration rates, payment along with \nthe registration receipt must be postmarked on or before \nSeptember 27, 2021.\n\n\nNOTE: Meals are not included when registering on site, as the hotel \nrequires advanced confirmation. Unfortunately, the cost cannot be \nadjusted. Because of this, CRLA encourages registration prior \nto November 1, 2021.\n\n\n \n\n# PAYMENTS CAN BE MAILED TO:\n\n\n \n\nCRLA Conference Registrar \n7044 S. 13th Street \nOak Creek, WI 53154-1429\n\n\nA $35 fee will be charged for any check returned due to \ninsufficient funds.\n\n\n# Registration Questions?\n\n\n \n\n# PLEASE CONTACT:\n\n\n \n\nCourtney Harris \nCRLA Association Specialist \n(414)908-4961 Ext. 125 \nc.harris@crla.net\n\n\n# Refunds\n\n\n \n\nRequests for refunds of conference registration must be made \nin writing and postmarked on or before November 1, 2021 to be \nconsidered.\n\n\nRequests for refunds of conference registration postmarked \nafter November 1, 2021 will not be honored unless they are \nrequested as a result of serious illness, death in the family, or other \nunforeseeable emergency. Requests made after December 12, 2021 \nwill not be considered.\n\n\nAll of these requests will be reviewed and processed no later than \nDecember 19, 2021. There is a $50 processing fee for refunds. \nPayments for Pre-Conference Institutes, tours, or the LACM \nbreakfast cannot be refunded at any time because CRLA commits \nto pay for these activities in advance based on the number of \nattendees registered.\n\n\nPayments by institutions will be refunded to the institutions, and \npayments made by individuals will be returned to the individual.\n\n\nConference registration fee refund requests should be directed to \nKathy Stein at kstein@sulross.edu.\n\n\nCLICK HERE TO REGISTER ONLINE TODAY\n\n\n \n\nSchedule subject to change, refer to website.\n\n\nCRLA 2021 \| Legacies; Futures \| Cincinnati, OH \| November 17\u201320, 2021 \| www.crla.net\n\n\n \n\n15\n\n\n \n\nUPDATED 6/16/21\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1247652, "type": "text", "content": " \n\n# Tslle\u0153est\u00e9m \nGrowing New Language Learners 2020\n\n\nChief Atahm School,Chase, BC\n\n\n \n\nMay 28-29th, 2020\n\n\nJoin us for two exciting days to learn and share language teaching\n\n\n \n\nstrategies for Indigenous languages!\n\n\n \n\n# Registration Information\n\n\n \n\nGroup Discount: \nPlease Complete the Conference Registration Form and Groups of 5 or more\nregistrants billed to one invoice\n\n\n \n\nsend to: will receive a 10% discount.\n\n\n \n\nCheck our website: www.chiefatahm.com able.\n\n\n \n\n# Register Today:\n\n\n \n\nUpon receipt of completed conference registration form \nwith approved payment, a confirmation of registration will \nbe sent to billing contact as well as participant workshop\n\n\n \n\nselection forms for each paid registrant.\n\n\n# Registration Includes:\n\n\n \n\n2 lunches, a banquet and 2 days of workshops.\n\n\n# Registration Fee\n\n\n \n\nEarly Registration Fee\n\n\n \n\n(Until March 31st, 2020)\n\n\n \n\nRegular Registration fee\n\n\n \n\n(After March 31st, 2020)\n\n\nPlease Note: Payment must be received by the dates \nabove to receive posted conference rates. Certified \ncheque, money order and purchase orders are \naccepted. Please note, all purchase orders will be\n\n\n \n\ncharged the regular registration fee.\n\n\n \n\n# :\n\n\n \n\nCancellations \nAll cancellations must submit a cancellation request \nform no later than April 30, 2020. A Cancellation fee of \n$25 will be billed for each registrant. After April 30, \n2020 there will be no refunds. Substitutions are accept-\n\n\nNo-shows: \nRegistrants who do not show up at conference and who \nhave not submitted a cancellation form by April 30, \n2020 will still be held responsible for paying the total\n\n\n \n\nconference fee.\n\n\n# IMPORTANT\n\n\n$400/person\n\n\n$450/person\n\n\n \n\n-Breakfast not included. \n-Unfortunately we are unable to accommo- \ndate food allergies/sensitivities. Please make \nyour own arrangements for food. \n-Accommodation information for Chase and \nKamloops will be provided\n\n\n \n\n-Shuttle available from Kamloops to Chase.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1247657, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='38' style='font-size:14px' alt=\",\nTslleqestem `\nN e w Language\nwin g L\nead\no e\nr\nG s\nr\n2020\" data-coord=\"top-left:(133,123); bottom-right:(318,286)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='39' style='font-size:20px'>Tslle\u0153est\u00e9m<br>Growing New Language Learners 2020</h1>\n<p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Chief Atahm School,Chase, BC</p>\n<br><p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>May 28-29th, 2020</p>\n<p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Registration Form Upon receipt of completed Conference<br>Please Complete Conference Registration Form & fax, email or mail to:(See Address below).<br>Registration Form and payment, a confirmation of registration will be sent to the billing contact along with Participant Workshop Selec-</p>\n<br><p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>tion Forms for each paid</p>\n<br><p id='44' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>registrant.</p>\n<br><h1 id='45' style='font-size:22px'>Billing Information:</h1>\n<br><table id='46' style='font-size:22px'><tr><td></td><td>Bill to Organization_________________________________________________________________\u2019</td></tr><tr><td>Contact</td><td>Name_____________________________________________________________________</td></tr><tr><td>Mailing</td><td>Address____________________________________________________________________</td></tr></table>\n<br><h1 id='47' style='font-size:22px'>Phone:______________Fax:______________Email(Print clearly)____________________________</h1>\n<br><h1 id='48' style='font-size:22px'>Payment Method</h1>\n<p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Certified Cheque/Money Order Purchase Order # _________________________</p>\n<br><p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Please note, all purchase orders will be charged the regular registration fee. No Purchase orders</p>\n<br><p id='51' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>will be accepted after April 30, 2020</p>\n<br><p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Make Payments payable to Box 1068 Chase BC, V0E1M0.</p>\n<br><p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Secwepemc Ka- Language,<br>Cancellations: All Cancellations must submit a cancellation request form no later than April 30, 2020. A Cancellation fee of $25 will be</p>\n<br><p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>billed for each registrant. After April 30, 2020, there will be no refunds. Substitutions are acceptable.</p>\n<br><figure><img id='55' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"Registration Information(Check only one): Quantity\nEarly Registration (Before Mar 31, 2020) $400/person x ____= $________\nRegular Registration (After Mar 31, 2020) $450/person x ____= $________\nRegistration Sub-Total\nMinus Group Discount\n(Only if 5 or more participants on same payment)\nRegistration Sub-Total X 10% = ($ )\" data-coord=\"top-left:(97,818); bottom-right:(1214,1130)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Group Discount: To receive 10% group discount, 5 or more registrants must be billed to one invoice. Please list the<br>names of all registrants in the group below. Each registrant must complete a registration form to indicate their workshop</p>\n<br><p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>selections.</p>\n<br><p id='58' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Registration Total</p>\n<br><p id='59' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>$ ____</p>\n<br><p id='60' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Please list names of ALL participants:</p>\n<br><p id='61' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>_____________________________ _____________________________ _________________________</p>\n<br><p id='62' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>_____________________________ _____________________________ _________________________</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1269535, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='0' style='font-size:22px'>IN-PERSON REGISTRATION FORM</h1>\n<br><p id='1' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>REGISTER ONLINE OR FAX THIS FORM TO: (847) 228-7099</p>\n<h1 id='2' style='font-size:14px'>________________________________________________</h1>\n<br><h1 id='3' style='font-size:18px'>PlasticSurgeryTheMeeting.com</h1>\n<br><p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>REGISTER EARLY AND SAVE!</p>\n<h1 id='5' style='font-size:14px'>ASPS MEMBER ID#</h1>\n<br><p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>ATLANTA, GA<br>OCT. 29-NOV. 1, 2021</p>\n<table id='7' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>LAST NAME</td><td>TITLE</td><td>FIRST NAME</td><td>__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ BADGE NICKNAME (LISTED ABOVE FULL NAME)</td></tr><tr><td>__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ADDRESS</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CITY</td><td>STATE/PROV.</td><td>__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ZIP/POSTAL CODE</td><td>COUNTRY</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TELEPHONE</td><td>FAX</td><td></td><td>EMAIL (FOR CONFIRMATION) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</td></tr><tr><td>EMERGENCY CONTACT PERSON: FIRST NAME</td><td></td><td>LAST NAME</td><td>PHONE</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Includes</td><td>Registration Open Programming</td><td></td></tr></table>\n<table id='8' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Registration Category</td><td>Early Bird 8/20</td><td>Advance 8/21-10/7</td><td>Late on or after 10/8</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"6\">ASPS/ASMS Members</td><td>\uf072 ASPS/ASMS Active Member, Associate, Life-Inactive Member, Candidates for Membership International Member, and International Candidates</td><td>$995</td><td>$1,120</td><td>$1,295</td></tr><tr><td>\uf072 ASPS/ASMS Life-Active Member</td><td>NO FEE</td><td>NO FEE</td><td>$385</td></tr><tr><td>\uf072 ASPS/ASMS Resident/Fellow (RFF Subscriber)</td><td>NO FEE</td><td>$100</td><td>$385</td></tr><tr><td>\uf072 Active Military Duty</td><td>NO FEE</td><td>NO FEE</td><td>$475</td></tr><tr><td>\uf072 ASPS International Trainee (Subscriber)</td><td>NO FEE</td><td>$100</td><td>$385</td></tr><tr><td>\uf072 ASPS Affiliate Member</td><td>$620</td><td>$745</td><td>$795</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"4\">Non-Member Physicians</td><td>\uf072 ASPS Global Partners Network - Guest Physician\u2020 (copy of medical license required)</td><td>$1,095</td><td>$1,220</td><td>$1,390</td></tr><tr><td>\uf072 Guest Physician\u2020 (copy of medical license required)</td><td>$1,480</td><td>$1,655</td><td>$1,880</td></tr><tr><td>\uf072 International Trainee (Non-Subscriber) (verification letter from training program director required)</td><td>$500</td><td>$625</td><td>$800</td></tr><tr><td>\uf072 Resident/Fellow (RFF Non-Subscriber)\u2020</td><td>$500</td><td>$625</td><td>$800</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"4\">Non-Member Medical and Industry Personnel</td><td>\uf072 Plastic Surgery Team Member\u2020 (letter from physician employer required)</td><td>$860</td><td>$1,035</td><td>$1,085</td></tr><tr><td>\uf072 Industry Research and Academic Personnel\u2020 (letter of verification required)</td><td>$1,480</td><td>$1,655</td><td>$1,880</td></tr><tr><td>\uf072 Investment Analyst\u2020 (letter of verification required)</td><td>$1,480</td><td>$1,655</td><td>$1,880</td></tr><tr><td>\uf072 Medical Student (copy of student ID or letter from medical school registrar required)</td><td>NO FEE</td><td>$100</td><td>$$385</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">Total Registration Fees $</td></tr></table>\n<h1 id='9' style='font-size:18px'>Guest Registration</h1>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 875022, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='2' style='font-size:20px'>71; e ett,h:;J 2019 EXPRESSION! PROGRAMS REGISTRATION<br>Reff{r:1..ill'llr<br>SUMMER<br>TUITION FEES<br>&</h1>\n<h1 id='3' style='font-size:14px'>SUMMER TUITION<br>SCHOOL</h1>\n<br><h1 id='4' style='font-size:14px'>4 weeks $510</h1>\n<br><table id='5' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>5 weeks</td><td>$610</td></tr><tr><td>6 weeks</td><td>$700</td></tr><tr><td>7 weeks</td><td>$780</td></tr><tr><td>8 weeks</td><td>$850</td></tr><tr><td>9 weeks</td><td>$900</td></tr></table>\n<br><h1 id='6' style='font-size:14px'>* Registrations received before early<br>tuition. If received before March 15,</h1>\n<br><h1 id='7' style='font-size:14px'>UMMER TUITION<br>FUN</h1>\n<br><p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>application deadline of February 20, 2019 receive 7% off</p>\n<br><p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>2019, 5% off. Second child receives an additional 10% off.</p>\n<h1 id='10' style='font-size:14px'>12PM-3PM NOT INCLUDED)<br>(LUNCH<br>Extended hours</h1>\n<br><h1 id='11' style='font-size:14px'>$45/week ($10/day)<br>$2/hour arrange with<br>(please directly</h1>\n<figure><img id='12' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"FEES\" data-coord=\"top-left:(119,958); bottom-right:(489,994)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Registration Fee<br>Late Fee</p>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>office)</p>\n<p id='15' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>$30<br>$20</p>\n<p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>NOTES:</p>\n<br><h1 id='17' style='font-size:18px'>APPLICATION DEADLINE: F<br>EES<br>&</h1>\n<p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Tuition all supplies a<br>includes needed,<br>snack, well costs the awards<br>as<br>as<br>for<br>ceremony.</p>\n<br><p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>, Registration for<br>fee waived<br>is<br>Renaissance students.<br>Academy</p>\n<br><p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>, Fees received due date be<br>after<br>the<br>will<br>subject fee. refunds are<br>to, late No<br>a<br>under circumstances.<br>any</p>\n<br><h1 id='21' style='font-size:22px'>..-------------,</h1>\n<br><p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>APRIL 30, 2019</p>\n<p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022All programs are subject change<br>and<br>fees<br>to<br>without notice.</p>\n<br><p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>small</p>\n<p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>current</p>\n<p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>possible</p>\n<br><p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>11, 2019 &</p>\n<br><figure><img id='28' style='font-size:18px' alt=\"Special Dates\nHOLIDAY:\nNo class on\nTuesday June\nThursday 2019\ny 4,\nSummer Graduation &\nSchool\nAwards Ceremony:\nSaturday, July\" data-coord=\"top-left:(787,1162); bottom-right:(1175,1516)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Jul</p>\n<p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>27, 2019 5pm</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 93954, "type": "text", "content": "# PRESS NOTICE\n\n\n \n\nTO ALL ARCHITECTS AND QUANTITY SURVEYORS.\n\n\nA: CONTINUOUS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT (CPD) PROGRAM\n\n\nThe Board of Registration of Architects and Quantity Surveyors (BORAQS) Kenya\ninvites Architects, Quantity \nSurveyors and those seeking registration to a Four-Day virtual CPD Seminar on\nthe following dates;\n\n\n \n\nThursday 10th June, 2021\n\n\n \n\nFriday 11th June, 2021\n\n\n \n\nThursday 17th June, 2021\n\n\n \n\nFriday 18th June, 2021\n\n\nThe theme of the Training is \u201cSUSTAINABLE PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE IN THE BUILT\nENVIRONMENT\u201d \nThis invitation is extended to Landscape Architects, Engineers, Construction\nProject Managers, Interior Designers, \nPlanners, Real Estate Developers, EIA Experts, Contractors, all relevant\nPractitioners in the Built Environment and \nother interested persons.\n\n\nOBJECTIVES OF THE SEMINAR\n\n\n \n\n1\\. To sensitize participants on enhancing sustainable professional practice\nin the built environment. \n2\\. To edify participants on the processes, challenges and strategies towards\nsustainable professional practice. \n3\\. To share knowledge on best practices leading to sustainable professional\npractice.\n\n\n# Professional Practice:\n\n\n \n\nIn broad terms sustainability is about society or organizations meeting the\nneeds of others in a resilient economy \nwithout compromising the integrity of environment or needs for future\ngenerations. Sustainable professional \npractice may therefore be viewed as one integrated in a balanced way to the\npillars of sustainability namely \nEnvironment (Capacity, Jurisdiction, resources and documentation), Social\n(Values and quality), and Economic \n(maintaining quality and standards).\n\n\n \n\nProfessional practice for Architects and Quantity Surveyors in Kenya\noriginates through the process of university \ntraining as required by law followed by a period of post graduate training\nunder supervision of a registered \nprofessional and upon registration, regular involvement in trainings and\ncontinuous professional development \n(CPD) programs. The Laws of Kenya Cap 525 regulates the profession and the\noperations are guided by the \nArchitects and Quantity Surveyors\u2019 manuals.\n\n\n \n\nIn Kenya there are 1450 registered Architects, 880 registered Quantity\nSurveyors, 420 Architectural firms and \n300 Quantity surveying firms. Interestingly the level of existence and\ncompliance of these professional entities is \nalways fluctuating and this trend is of concern and a challenge to the\nprofession leading to the question whether \nthis could be an indication of inadequate exposure to operational and\nregulatory tenets of the professions that \nare overarched to entrepreneurial skills; the essential component of any\nsuccessful and sustainable professional \npractice.\n\n\n \n\nArchitects and Quantity Surveyors are occasionally faced with challenges\nranging from, setting up of a practice, \npitfalls in project implementation, financial management, succession of the\npractice/business, and ethical issues \nfrom a long list of challenges the professionals experience.\n\n\n \n\nThis CPD seminar is expected to educate the practicing professionals and\nprospective ones on how to endure and \nthrive in the profession maintaining growth and presence regardless of the\nprevailing environment.\n\n\n \n\nB: PARTICIPANTS FEES\n\n\nThe charges for participation will be as follows; \nBORAQS Registered Persons Kshs. 20,000.00 \nYear 2021 Candidates Kshs. 15,000.00 \nOther Participants Kshs. 25,000.00\n\n\nPayment Details:\n\n\n \n\n1) Cheque Payment\n\n\n \n\nPayment by cheque should reach the Board\u2019s Secretariat office located at\nTranscom Building Annex Ngong \nRoad, Nairobi by Friday, 4th June, 2021 at 4:00 p.m.\n\n\n2) Payment by Cash \nCash may be deposited to National Bank of Kenya, Hill Branch, Account Name:\nBORAQS, Account No. \n01241031524900\\. The deposit slip should be submitted to the Secretariat in\nexchange for an official receipt by \nFriday, 4th June 2021 at 4:00 p.m.\n\n\n \n\n3) Payment by Mpesa \nPayment should be done by Friday 4th June 2021 at 4:00 p.m.\n\n\nLate Payment\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 93955, "type": "text", "content": " \n\nLate payment will attract an extra charge of Kshs. 5,000.00\n\n\nCourse Duration:\n\n\n \n\nThe training will take a total of sixteen (16) Hours. \nRegistered persons will earn Twenty (20) CPD Points and a certificate of\nattendance.\n\n\nCPD WAIVER AND PRACTICING CERTIFICATE FOR YEAR 2021/2022\n\n\n \n\nIt is mandatory for registered persons to attain a minimum of Thirty (30) CPD\npoints per year. \nDue to the effects of COVID-19 to the practice, the Board gives notice of a\nfurther waiver of 10 CPD points for the \ncurrent year 2020/2021\n\n\n \n\nC: PUBLIC NOTICE\n\n\nLIST OF ARCHITECTS AND QUANTITY SURVEYORS IN KENYA\n\n\n \n\nDevelopers and the general public are advised of the need to seek professional\nservices from Architects and \nQuantity Surveyors in good standing with this Board.\n\n\n \n\nThis is therefore to notify the general public that the list of Architects,\nQuantity Surveyors, Architectural and \nQuantity Surveying firms is available on the Board\u2019s website\nwww.boraqs.or.ke/members. Any person or firm not \nlisted on the website is NOT allowed to practice Architecture or Quantity\nSurveying.\n\n\nQS. GEORGE C. OMONDI \nREGISTRAR\n\n\nTele/Fax: 254 - 020-2728444 Cell.0726243005, 0788486588 \ninfo@boraqs.or.ke/ boraqs@gmail.com \nwww.boraqs.or.ke \nDated 14th May, 2021.\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1010693, "type": "text", "content": "# Early Registration Fee \n$500 + HST\n\n\n \n\n# Late Registration Fee\n\n\n \n\n# Limited to 30 participants \nper workshop\n\n\n \n\n# is an additional $200\n\n\n \n\n# Canadian \nBioinformatics \nWorkshop Series\n\n\n# Awards available for 2012 CBW workshops\n\n\n# I nformatics and Statistics for Metabolomics\n\n\n \n\n# Dates\n\n\n \n\n# \u2022 May 3-4, 2012 in Toronto, Ontario\n\n\n \n\nFaculty \nDavid Wishart\n\n\n# Course Objectives\n\n\n \n\nThe workshop will cover many topics ranging from understanding metabolomics \ntechnologies, data collection and analysis, using pathway databases,\nperforming \npathway analysis, conducting univariate and multivariate statistics, working\nwith \nmetabolomic databases and exploring chemical databases. Participants will be \ngiven various data sets and short assignments to assist with the learning\nprocess.\n\n\n# Sponsored by:\n\n\n \n\nFor information send an email to: \ncourse_info@bioinformatics.ca\n\n\n \n\nFor course requirements and to apply \nvisit: www.bioinformatics.ca\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1391332, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='192' style='font-size:20px'>REGISTRATION</h1>\n<h1 id='193' style='font-size:16px'>TUITION RATES</h1>\n<br><p id='194' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Register early to secure tuition discounts! Tuition fees include all course materials, attendance to all<br>sessions, and access to the Virtual VIVA app. Payment in full is required to confirm your registration.</p>\n<br><p id='195' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>REGISTER ONLINE<br>TODAY:<br>vivaphysicians.org/register</p>\n<table id='196' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td></td><td>EARLY BIRD Ends June 14</td><td>PRIME June 15 - August 31</td><td>STANDARD September 1 - October 7</td><td>REQUIREMENTS</td></tr><tr><td>Physicians (U.S. and International)</td><td>$1,195</td><td>$1,395</td><td>$1,545</td><td>No requirements</td></tr><tr><td>Active Duty Military</td><td>$100</td><td>$100</td><td>$100</td><td>Upload military ID / active duty status</td></tr><tr><td>Nurses / Techs / HCPs</td><td>$750</td><td>$750</td><td>$750</td><td>License / NPI#</td></tr></table>\n<table id='197' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td></td><td>SCHOLARSHIP ELIGIBILITY Ends July 19</td><td>STANDARD July 20 - October 7</td><td>REQUIREMENTS</td></tr><tr><td>U.S. Physicians in Training</td><td>Free</td><td>Register as physician</td><td>Fellowship verification letter</td></tr></table>\n<br><h1 id='198' style='font-size:16px'>CANCELLATION POLICY</h1>\n<br><p id='199' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>To cancel your registration, please email<br>registration@vivaphysicians.org by<br>Tuesday, August 31, 2021. Cancellations<br>by this date will incur a 15% administrative<br>fee. Refunds are not available within 48<br>hours of registration to allow for credit<br>card settlement. Once registration is<br>canceled in your online account, refunds<br>will be settled within 7 days.</p>\n<table id='200' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td></td><td>EARLY BIRD Ends June 14</td><td>PRIME June 15 - August 31</td><td>STANDARD September 1 - October 7</td><td>REQUIREMENTS</td></tr><tr><td>Physicians (U.S. and International)</td><td>$600</td><td>$600</td><td>$750</td><td>No requirements</td></tr><tr><td>Active Duty Military</td><td>$50</td><td>$50</td><td>$50</td><td>Upload military ID / active duty status</td></tr><tr><td>Nurses / Techs / HCPs</td><td>$500</td><td>$500</td><td>$500</td><td>License / NPI#</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='201' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>No refunds will be given after Tuesday,<br>August 31, 2021. Refunds or credits<br>will not be given for failure to attend,<br>late arrival, unattended events, or early<br>departure. VIVA is not responsible for<br>airfare, hotel, or other costs incurred by<br>participants in the event of registration<br>cancellation for any reason.</p>\n<p id='202' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Note that for registrants attending the<br>event virtually, tuition is nonrefundable<br>and cancellations will not be accepted.</p>\n<h1 id='203' style='font-size:16px'>COVID-19 POLICY</h1>\n<table id='204' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>INDUSTRY PROFESSIONALS</td><td>Early registration not available</td><td>PRIME August 2 - August 31</td><td>STANDARD September 1 - October 7</td><td>REQUIREMENTS</td></tr><tr><td>VIVA</td><td>-</td><td>$1,395</td><td>$1,545</td><td>No requirements</td></tr><tr><td>The VEINS</td><td>-</td><td>$600</td><td>$750</td><td>No requirements</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='205' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>In the event that VIVA and/or The VEINS<br>are canceled in their entirety due to<br>COVID-19, 100% of registration fees will<br>be refunded.</p>\n<p id='206' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>In the event that VIVA and/or The VEINS<br>are amended to be held virtually due to<br>COVID-19, in-person registrations will be<br>transferred to virtual-only registrations<br>and the difference will be refunded.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	If a participant registered late and is also a 2021 candidate, how much total will they pay for the seminar including the late fee?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 192, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["numerical reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 118709, "type": "text", "content": "# Calendar\n\n\n# Week of Sunday, May 08, 2016\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 497416, "type": "text", "content": "them, to help get a more professional look. We will have our \n\\-- get our staff doing that. And then, the week after that, \nthe 19th, will be a similar virtual awards for the senior \nawards.\n\n\n \n\nAnd then, again, the following week, which would \nnormally be the last week of school, Wednesday, Thursday, \nFriday we will have an organized fashion to allow each \nfamily to come up for their -- to receive their graduation \nceremony rece -- sorry, certificates and diplomas, et \ncetera.\n\n\n \n\nIn addition, we did have a cancellation of the \nprom here, in June, but we have a tentative makeup date of \nJuly 28th, if it\u2019s allowable, for the seniors to have their \nprom, at their venue, at Chateau La Mer.\n\n\n \n\nAnd then, we are going to, also, publish to the \npublic our tentative hold on July the 31st, a Friday \nevening, to have a live graduation ceremony here at the \nstadium as a way, again, to give as much of a normal \ngraduation opportunity as possible.\n\n\n \n\nThis gives us two and a half months from now to \nallow for more recovery in this pandemic and see what kind \nof restrictions we\u2019ll be under, and if we are able to have \nsome form of gathering or another, we will take the \nopportunity to honor our seniors, especially.\n\n\nSo any -- any questions on the end of the year\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1685937, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='16' style='font-size:20px'>Virtual Event Schedule</h1>\n<h1 id='17' style='font-size:16px'>Join us for two online sessions</h1>\n<table id='18' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>Wednesday</td><td>April 28, 2021</td><td>8:00 - 11:00 am PDT</td></tr><tr><td>Thursday</td><td>April 29, 2021</td><td>8:00 - 11:00 am PDT</td></tr></table>\n<p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Your personal Zoom link is the same for both days.<br>Zoom will send you a reminder before the start of each session.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 118710, "type": "text", "content": " \n\n# Calendar\n\n\n# Week of Sunday, May 15, 2016\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 143964, "type": "text", "content": "NRHA PAYBACK CALCULATION SHEET\n\n\nNON PRO CAT 2 L1 (2625) on 3/27/2021 Pay Schedule A\n\n\n20.00 Entry Fee\n\n\n \n\nX 15 Total Entries \n= 300.00 Gross Entry Fees (A) \n\\- 0.00 Trophy Cost \n= 300.00 Gross Entry Fees (B) \n\\- 15.00 5% Due to NRHA (C) \n= 285.00 Net Entry Fees (D) \n\\- 142.50 Retainage (E) \n= 142.50 Amount to Purse (F) \n\\+ 200.00 Added Money \n= 342.50 Total Purse\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2146414, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='140' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>2 0 2 1 - 2 0 2 2 S E S S I O N S C H E D U L E :</p>\n<table id='141' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>Sessions/Breaks</td><td>Dates</td></tr><tr><td>Session 1 (6 weeks)</td><td>Mon., Aug. 23\u2013Fri., Oct. 1, 2021</td></tr><tr><td>Academic Break</td><td>Sat., Oct. 2\u2013Sun., Oct. 10, 2021</td></tr><tr><td>Session 2 (6 weeks)</td><td>Tues., Oct. 12\u2013Fri., Nov. 19, 2021</td></tr><tr><td>Academic Break</td><td>Sat., Nov. 20\u2013Sun., Nov. 28, 2021</td></tr><tr><td>Session 3 (3 weeks)</td><td>Mon., Nov. 29\u2013Fri., Dec. 17, 2021</td></tr><tr><td>Winter Holiday Break</td><td>Sat., Dec. 18, 2021\u2013Sun., Jan. 2, 2022</td></tr><tr><td>Session 4 (6 weeks)</td><td>Mon., Jan. 3\u2013Fri., Feb 11, 2022</td></tr><tr><td>Academic Break</td><td>Sat., Feb 12\u2013Sun., Feb. 20, 2022</td></tr><tr><td>Session 5 (6 weeks)</td><td>Tues., Feb. 22\u2013Fri., Apr. 1, 2022</td></tr><tr><td>Academic Break</td><td>Sat., Apr. 2\u2013Sun., April 10, 2022</td></tr><tr><td>Session 6 (3 weeks)</td><td>Mon., April 11\u2013Fri., April 29, 2022</td></tr></table>\n<p id='142' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>A D D / D R O P A N D W I T H D R A W D A T E S :</p>\n<table id='143' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>Session</td><td>Last Day to Add</td><td>Last Day to Drop</td><td>Last Day to Withdraw</td></tr><tr><td>Session 1</td><td>Tues., Aug. 24, 2021</td><td>Fri., Aug. 27, 2021</td><td>Fri., Sept. 17, 2021</td></tr><tr><td>Session 2</td><td>Weds., Oct. 13, 2021</td><td>Fri., Oct. 15, 2021</td><td>Fri., Nov. 5, 2021</td></tr><tr><td>Session 3</td><td>Mon., Nov. 29, 2021</td><td>Tues., Nov. 30, 2021</td><td>Fri., Dec. 10, 2021</td></tr><tr><td>Session 4</td><td>Tues., Jan. 4, 2022</td><td>Fri., Jan. 7, 2022</td><td>Fri., Jan. 28, 2022</td></tr><tr><td>Session 5</td><td>Weds., Feb. 23, 2022</td><td>Fri., Feb. 25, 2022</td><td>Fri., Mar. 18, 2022</td></tr><tr><td>Session 6</td><td>Mon., Apr. 11, 2022</td><td>Tues., Apr. 12, 2022</td><td>Fri., Apr. 22, 2022</td></tr></table>\n<p id='144' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>H O L I D A Y S :</p>\n<br><p id='145' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Labor Day: Monday, Sept. 6, 2021<br>Indigenous Peoples\u2019 Day: Monday, Oct. 11, 2021<br>Fall Break: Wed., Nov. 24\u2013Sunday, Nov. 28, 2021<br>Winter Break: Sat., Dec. 18, 2021\u2013Sun., Jan. 2, 2022<br>M. L. King, Jr. Day: Monday, Jan. 17, 2022<br>President\u2019s Day: Monday, Feb. 21, 2022</p>\n<br><p id='146' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Spring Holiday: Friday, April 15, 2022<br>Oaks Day: Friday, May 6, 2022<br>Memorial Day: Monday, May 30,2022<br>Juneteenth: Monday, June 20, 2022<br>Independence Day: Monday, July 4,2022</p>\n<footer id='147' style='font-size:14px'>17</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1761226, "type": "text", "content": " \n\nSave the date: \nOctober 6-8, 2020 \nA virtual event\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 143963, "type": "text", "content": "Results for NON PRO CAT 2 L1 (2625) on 3/27/2021 ( 15 Entries/ 5 Places/$\n342.50 Purse) - Pattern # 05\n\n\nShow Secretary:\n\n\n \n\n__________________________________\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2023632, "type": "text", "content": "# SCHEDULE OF EVENTS\n\n\n# ALL EVENTS SUBJECT TO CHANGE\n\n\n \nEvents \nof \nSchedule\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2052169, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='23' data-category='index' style='font-size:14px'>b. Venue rental is free! No additional charge for AV, hookups, etc\u00a0<br>c. Food can be done! We can bring in bentoes for everyone\u00a0<br>d. Workshops on mental health, gender/sex-ed, social media and privacy\u00a0<br>i. Stonewall Japan \u2014 issue with a JET who had a FB profile pic of him kissing his boyfriend,\u00a0<br>lots of negative backlash from police and CO\u00a0<br>e. Cheryl will contact people for presenters and volunteers\u00a0<br>f. Check the Drive folder for 2017 presentations\u00a0<br>g. Shortlist results: 60 participants, may change as the weeks go on\u00a0<br>h. Michelle \u2014 contact possible JTEs?\u00a0<br>M. Walk-for-Rice: June 30th (Sat)\u00a0<br>a. Ari & Yuki will co-Captain\u00a0<br>b. Pho after at Dong Thap Noodles - Yes!\u00a0<br>N. Japan Fair: July 7th & 8th (Sat & Sun), Meydenbauer Center\u00a0<br>a. Asked to be included in our newsletter \u2014 option to put out info or potentially help in Consulate\u00a0<br>booth (Mandi)\u00a0<br>O. Karaoke Taikai with JASSW:\u00a0<br>a. From Carolyn: Lagunitas Brewing Company opened up a taproom in Ballard and they're willing to\u00a0<br>donate the space to non-profits on Monday and Tuesday evenings. We'd love to do a huge karaoke\u00a0<br>taikai sometime in the summer with you!\u00a0\u00a0<br>b. Proposed date: July, Monday or Tuesday (23rd/24th)\u00a0<br>P. J-LEAP Arrival Training (Laurasian Institution): July 25th\u201330th (Wed\u2013Mon), Northwest University\u00a0<br>a. Sunday (not on Monday)\u00a0<br>b. Possibility for officers to join \u201cFinal Lunch\u201d (bento from I <3 Sushi) on 30-Jul\u00a0<br>c. 13:00 - 14:30; possibility to drive some people to SEATAC?\u00a0\u00a0<br>Q. 55th Hyogo-Washington Sister City Relationship: July 27-28\u00a0<br>a. Many JETs usually attend the event, good networking opportunity\u00a0<br>R. Summer Picnic: Aug 11th (Sat), Luther Burbank\u00a0<br>a. Reserved (Cheryl); payment to treasurer pending\u00a0<br>S. Nat Con: End of August, Beginning of September?\u00a0<br>T. Volunteering for Grassroots Summit: Sept 18th (Tue) 17:30\u201320:00\u00a0<br>a. JASSW needs a group of 8+ volunteers to help lead groups to different dinner locations\u00a0<br>b. Josephine is the lead; Michelle is interested, Adam is attending fancy lunch (fancy invite oooo very\u00a0<br>naisu), Jessica is helping 18th morning\u00a0<br>c. Meet at the Westin Downtown Seattle, more info will be available later\u00a0<br>U. Japan Week (formerly Aki Matsuri) at Bellevue College: First week of October!\u00a0<br>V. Fukushima Kenjinkai 100th Anniversary: Oct. 27th (Sat), 11:00, Seattle Airport Marriott Hotel\u00a0<br>a. JETAA (Cheryl) will help with storage of things from Japan for the event\u00a0<br>W. Possible ramen western at Dawn\u2019s ranch & saloon near Tacoma \u2014 possible idea for summer, will need to\u00a0<br>follow up; could also do a park in that area (Zack wants to do a thing)\u00a0<br>X. Sometime in the ~~future~~ Tacoma Japan Festival\u00a0<br>\u00a0</p>\n<br><p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Past Events\u00a0\u00a0</p>\n<br><p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>A. SKSCA Jazz: March 19th (Mon)\u00a0</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	If the event had been scheduled a week later, what date would it be?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 201, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["temporal reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 133476, "type": "text", "content": " \n\n# ANNEXURE D\n\n\n# D eclaration\n\n\n# I /we\n\n\nh ave completed the Safety Induction with the Council Officer and understand\nmy/our responsibilities.\n\n\nPage \| 10\n\n\n \nBruce Jones Community Centre Hire Agreement Version 2.2\n\n\n \nJuly 2021\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 208691, "type": "text", "content": "# KINDCODY\n\n\n \n\n# Information Security Policy\n\n\noperating procedures). This documented process shall include management \nresponsibilities and procedures. Wherever practicable, operational and\napplication \nchange control procedures should be integrated.\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 All change requests shall be logged whether approved or rejected on a\nstandardised \nand central system. The approval of all change requests and the results\nthereof shall \nbe documented. A documented audit trail, containing relevant information shall \nalways be maintained. This should include change request documentation, change \nauthorisation and the outcome of the change. No single person should be able\nto \neffect changes to production information systems without the approval of other \nauthorised personnel.\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 A risk assessment shall be performed for all changes and dependant on the \noutcome, an impact assessment should be performed. The impact assessment shall \ninclude the potential effect on other information resources and potential cost \nimplications. The impact assessment should, where applicable consider\ncompliance \nwith legislative requirements and standards.\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 All change requests shall be prioritised in terms of benefits, urgency,\neffort required \nand potential impact on operations.\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Changes shall be tested in an isolated, controlled, and representative\nenvironment \n(where such an environment is feasible) prior to implementation to minimise\nthe \neffect on the relevant business process, to assess its impact on operations\nand \nsecurity and to verify that only intended and approved changes were made.\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Any software change and/or update shall be controlled with version control.\nOlder \nversions shall be retained in accordance with corporate retention and storage \nmanagement policies.\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 All changes shall be approved prior to implementation. Approval of changes\nshall \nbe based on formal acceptance criteria i.e. the change request was done by an \nauthorised user; the impact assessment was performed and proposed changes were \ntested.\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 All users, significantly affected by a change, shall be notified of the\nchange. The \nuser representative shall sign-off on the change. Users shall be required to\nmake \nsubmissions and comment prior to the acceptance of the change.\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Implementation will only be undertaken after appropriate testing and\napproval by \nstakeholders.\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 All major changes shall be treated as new system implementation and shall be \nestablished as a project. Major changes will be classified according to effort\nrequired \nto develop and implement said changes.\n\n\nConfidential\n\n\n \nPage 20\n\n\n \nVersion 1-0\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1148685, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='57' style='font-size:18px'>Version Control</h1>\n<br><p id='58' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Printed documents are uncontrolled. This policy is only valid on the day it was printed.</p>\n<br><table id='59' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td>Version</td><td>Description of version</td><td>Date completed</td></tr><tr><td>1.0</td><td>Unreasonably Persistent Contact and Unacceptable Behaviour Policy</td><td>January 2021</td></tr><tr><td>1.1</td><td>Amendments</td><td>June 2021</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>\n<br><h1 id='60' style='font-size:18px'>This policy links with Data Protection Act 2018.</h1>\n<footer id='61' style='font-size:18px'>7</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 133475, "type": "text", "content": " \n\n# ANNEXURE C\n\n\n# Coomalie Community Government Council \nBruce Jones Community Centre Safety Induction for Hirer(s)\n\n\nNOTE: It is the responsibility of the Hirer(s) to understand and follow all\nsafety requirements \nand know what to do in an emergency.\n\n\nPage \| 9\n\n\n \nBruce Jones Community Centre Hire Agreement Version 2.2\n\n\n \nJuly 2021\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3135023, "type": "html", "content": "<table id='60' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>Document history:</td><td>V1, V2- V4 changes</td></tr><tr><td>Distribution</td><td>email</td></tr><tr><td>Review Date of policy:</td><td>May 2022</td></tr><tr><td>Review frequency</td><td>1 year</td></tr><tr><td>Reason for frequency</td><td>MAPSDAP, other funders, good practice</td></tr></table>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3156923, "type": "text", "content": "Published February 15, 2021 and Effective July 1, 2021\n\n\n# 13.0 Document Change History\n\n\nG lobal Electronics Council\n\n\n \nEPEAT Policy Manual (P65 Issue 2 Rev 0) \n(With June 11, 2021 COVID-19 Policy Addendum) \nHard copy print outs of this document are uncontrolled\n\n\n \nPage 26 of 26\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2021065, "type": "text", "content": "number, via e-mail, IM, chat or other unsecured means. In \nfact, this is a practice We recommend you adopt in all of \nYour Internet activities.\n\n\n# 13\\. Prior Versions\n\n\n# Privacy Policy effective January 4, 2021.\n\n\nPrivacy Policy effective August 24, 2020.\n\n\n# Privacy Policy effective June 26, 2020.\n\n\n# Privacy Policy effective Jan 1, 2020.\n\n\n# Privacy Policy effective May 24, 2018.\n\n\n# Privacy Policy effective February 21, 2017.\n\n\nPrivacy Policy effective September 30, 2016.\n\n\nPrior to September 30, 2016, Our Privacy Policy was \nincluded in our Terms of Service.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3110125, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='120' style='font-size:20px'>8.0 Document Control</h1>\n<br><p id='121' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>This Policy will be formally reviewed on an annual basis, as a minimum, or if required changes are identified to address<br>one or more of the following:</p>\n<p id='122' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf076 A change in business activities, which will or could possibly affect the current operation of OCS Information<br>Security Management System, and the relevance of this document.</p>\n<br><p id='123' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf076 A change in the way OCS manages or operates its information assets and/or their supporting assets, which<br>may affect the accuracy of this document.</p>\n<p id='124' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf076 An identified shortcoming in the effectiveness of this Policy, for example as a result of a reported information<br>security incident, formal review or an audit finding.</p>\n<br><p id='125' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The current version of this Policy, together with its previous versions, shall be recorded below.</p>\n<table id='126' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>Version</td><td colspan=\"2\">Description</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"4\">1.0</td><td>Date Live:</td><td>25.04.2017</td></tr><tr><td>Notes/Author:</td><td>David Carvalho, Group CISO</td></tr><tr><td>Reviewed by:</td><td>David Carvalho, Group CISO</td></tr><tr><td>Approved by:</td><td>Richard Baylie, Group CISO</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"4\">2.0</td><td>Date Live:</td><td>06.06.2018</td></tr><tr><td>Notes/Author:</td><td>David Coleman</td></tr><tr><td>Reviewed by:</td><td>Andrea Simmons</td></tr><tr><td>Approved by:</td><td>Richard Baylie, Group CISO</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"3\">3.0</td><td>Date Live:</td><td>12.04.2019</td></tr><tr><td>Reviewed by:</td><td>Melanie Hyatt-Steel, Technical Compliance Manager</td></tr><tr><td>Approved by:</td><td>Richard Baylie, Group CIO</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"3\">4.0</td><td>Date Live:</td><td>19.01.2021</td></tr><tr><td>Reviewed by:</td><td>Melanie Hyatt-Steel; Technical Compliance and ISMS Manager Samantha Smith; Data Protection and Privacy Manager</td></tr><tr><td>Approved by:</td><td>Richard Baylie; Group CIO</td></tr></table>\n<footer id='127' style='font-size:14px'>Data Protection Policy \| Authoriser: Richard Baylie \| Issue Date: January 2021 \| Classification: Public</footer>\n<br><footer id='128' style='font-size:14px'>Page 9 of 9</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1187220, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='0' style='font-size:20px'>O rganisational Change Policy<br>and Procedure</h1>\n<h1 id='1' style='font-size:18px'>R atification Process</h1>\n<table id='2' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>L ead Author:</td><td>Senior OD & HR Manager, C&P CCG</td></tr><tr><td>Developed by:</td><td>Senior OD & HR Manager, C&P CCG</td></tr><tr><td>Approved on and by:</td><td>7 February 2014, Joint Consultation and Negotiating Partnership (JCNP) (apart from section 8.1, where JCNP noted their disagreement to the change in period of protection)</td></tr><tr><td>Ratified on and by:</td><td>8 January 2014, C&P CCG Remuneration Committee</td></tr><tr><td>Version Number:</td><td>Version 6</td></tr><tr><td>Latest revision date:</td><td>October 2016</td></tr><tr><td>Review date:</td><td>October 2018</td></tr></table>\n<footer id='3' style='font-size:14px'>Cambridgeshire & Peterborough CCG<br>Organisational Change Policy<br>October 2016</footer>\n<br><footer id='4' style='font-size:14px'>Page 1 of 16</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 409666, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='57' style='font-size:18px'>8. Version Control</h1>\n<table id='58' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>Version History:</td><td>Approver(s)</td><td>Approval Date</td><td>Revision Summary</td></tr><tr><td>1.0</td><td>Group Compliance Oversight Committee</td><td>Jan 2016</td><td>First version</td></tr><tr><td>2.0</td><td>Group Compliance Oversight Committee</td><td>Oct 2018</td><td>Second Version</td></tr><tr><td>3.0</td><td>Group Compliance Oversight Committee</td><td>Oct 2020</td><td>Third Version</td></tr></table>\n<footer id='59' style='font-size:14px'>Internal use only</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Considering a policy change happens every July when a new agreement version is issued, how many policy changes have potentially occurred since the first version if only the second version is specified in the document?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 205, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["numerical reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 25867, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='6' style='font-size:22px'>VACATED SPACE<br>SOLUTIONS</h1>\n<p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>NO Layers, NO Delays<br>precision-fg.com<br>833-426-0432</p>\n<p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Whether owner direct or complementing real estate<br>management companies, our single point of contact<br>and flexible technology model PRISM can execute<br>one site, or many sites across your portfolio. As part<br>of our programming process, we will create a custom<br>technology solution to provide</p>\n<br><figure><img id='9' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(663,362); bottom-right:(1163,806)\" /></figure>\n<h1 id='10' style='font-size:20px'>Project Plan</h1>\n<br><h1 id='11' style='font-size:20px'>Services Provided</h1>\n<br><p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Initial Site Visit(s)<br>Online Inventory<br>Client Reuse/Disposition Plan<br>Execution Planning & Warehouse Activities<br>Close Out</p>\n<h1 id='13' style='font-size:20px'>Green Program</h1>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Recycling</p>\n<br><p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Liquidation</p>\n<p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Reuse Within Company</p>\n<br><p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Donation</p>\n<p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Tax Credit SupportDonation</p>\n<br><p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Sustainability Reporting</p>\n<br><p id='20' data-category='index' style='font-size:14px'>Employee Pack & Move<br>Furniture Survey<br>FF&E Relocation<br>Warehousing & Logistics Support<br>Cable & Electrical Termination<br>Server Room Relocation<br>Patch & Paint<br>Ceiling Work<br>TI Project Support Work<br>Signage Removal<br>NPI Support<br>Final Clean</p>\n<footer id='21' style='font-size:14px'>PAGE 2</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3321722, "type": "text", "content": "# 2 2\n\n\n \n\n# CUSTOMER 360\u00b0\n\n\n# A COMPREHENSIVE PROGRAM ADDRESSING ALL CUSTOMER TOUCH POINTS\n\n\n# A new CRM vision\n\n\n \n\n(cid:1) investments of +\u20ac10M over 2016-2018 \n(cid:1) Kick\u2013off in March 2016\n\n\n \n\n# Market Initiatives\n\n\n \n\n(cid:1) New web campaigns \n(cid:1) Loyalty program\n\n\n# Gain more customer insights\n\n\n \n\n(cid:1) To split the Customer base in \u00abClusters \u00bb based on value and\nhomogeneous behaviors \n(cid:1) To recognize \u00ab star customers \u00bb who have the highest value across all\ncountries \n(cid:1) To identify best prospects and new customers\n\n\n# Benefits\n\n\n \n\n(cid:1) To refine and personalize communications towards our customers at any\ntouch points \n(cid:1) To maximize outgoing campaign results and efficiency (ROI, contact\nchannels) \n(cid:1) To improve process effectiveness and maximizing resource efficiency \n(cid:1) To get new selling, relational and retention opportunities\n\n\n17\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 25870, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='39' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Our flexible service models are customized to the specific industries we serve;<br>Corporate Workplace, Healthcare, Hospitality, and Retail. Whether it is Energy<br>Management, Furniture Procurement, or Moving and Logistics, we provide<br>services to get you into and feel comfortable in your facility and space.</p>\n<p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(833) 426-0432 info@precision-fg.com 8201 S 48th St, Phoenix, AZ 85044</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3398757, "type": "text", "content": "Table of Contents\n\n\nKey components of our business strategy include:\n\n\n \n\nLeverage the H.I.G. Capital Platform to Source Acquisition Targets\n\n\n \n\nWe plan to leverage H.I.G. Capital\u2019s extensive deal-sourcing network built\nover the past 27 years. This sourcing network includes the relationships \nof its approximately 425 investment professionals located in nine countries,\napproximately 25 dedicated in-house sourcing professionals in its Business \nDevelopment group, senior advisors, and a proprietary database of tens of\nthousands of deal sourcing intermediaries. We believe the power of the H.I.G. \nCapital platform provides access to investment opportunities which, in many\ninstances, may not be available to others.\n\n\nH.I.G. Capital\u2019s robust sourcing model includes extensive relationships that\nsenior investment professionals have with industry experts, M&A; \nadvisors, senior operating advisors, and executives built from long tenures in\nthe industry. H.I.G. Capital\u2019s established deal flow network also leverages a \nproprietary database of thousands of intermediaries that can provide\nunconventional sources of acquisition opportunities.\n\n\nH.I.G. Capital\u2019s business model allows professionals in the network to\nmeaningfully collaborate across geographies and strategies, while leveraging \nthe platform\u2019s deep expertise in numerous industries. Senior investment\nprofessionals across all funds partner on coverage of industry verticals,\nwhich has \nhistorically driven increased deal flow, knowledge sharing and value creation.\nThe platform results in what we believe is differentiated market intelligence \nand improved quality of due diligence. We believe that leveraging the\ncumulative informational resources available through H.I.G. Capital will be a \ncompetitive advantage in identifying quality acquisition targets.\n\n\nBroad Experience Across Industries and Sectors\n\n\n \n\nWe believe that in today\u2019s investing environment, deep in-house industry\nknowledge is essential in identifying promising investment opportunities \nand macroeconomic trends and building strong, effective partnerships with\nbusinesses. H.I.G. Capital has executed over 380 private equity transactions \nacross a wide range of industries, including Software & Technology,\nHealthcare, Media & Telecom, Business Services, Industrials, Consumer, Food & \nBeverage, Chemicals, and Transportation & Logistics. We intend to apply this\naccumulated intellectual capital, as well as our network of former and \ncurrent portfolio companies, for the purpose of selecting the best investment\nidea.\n\n\nUtilize Operating Expertise to Partner with the Acquired Business to Drive\nValue Creation\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3398922, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='5' style='font-size:14px'>Table of Contents</header>\n<p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Key components of our business strategy include:</p>\n<br><p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Leverage the H.I.G. Capital Platform to Source Acquisition Targets</p>\n<br><p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>We plan to leverage H.I.G. Capital\u2019s extensive deal-sourcing network built over the past 27 years. This sourcing network includes the relationships<br>of its approximately 425 investment professionals located in nine countries, approximately 25 dedicated in-house sourcing professionals in its Business<br>Development group, senior advisors, and a proprietary database of tens of thousands of deal sourcing intermediaries. We believe the power of the H.I.G.<br>Capital platform provides access to investment opportunities which, in many instances, may not be available to others.</p>\n<p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>H.I.G. Capital\u2019s robust sourcing model includes extensive relationships that senior investment professionals have with industry experts, M&A<br>advisors, senior operating advisors, and executives built from long tenures in the industry. H.I.G. Capital\u2019s established deal flow network also leverages a<br>proprietary database of thousands of intermediaries that can provide unconventional sources of acquisition opportunities.</p>\n<p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>H.I.G. Capital\u2019s business model allows professionals in the network to meaningfully collaborate across geographies and strategies, while leveraging<br>the platform\u2019s deep expertise in numerous industries. Senior investment professionals across all funds partner on coverage of industry verticals, which has<br>historically driven increased deal flow, knowledge sharing and value creation. The platform results in what we believe is differentiated market intelligence<br>and improved quality of due diligence. We believe that leveraging the cumulative informational resources available through H.I.G. Capital will be a<br>competitive advantage in identifying quality acquisition targets.</p>\n<p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Broad Experience Across Industries and Sectors</p>\n<br><p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>We believe that in today\u2019s investing environment, deep in-house industry knowledge is essential in identifying promising investment opportunities<br>and macroeconomic trends and building strong, effective partnerships with businesses. H.I.G. Capital has executed over 380 private equity transactions<br>across a wide range of industries, including Software & Technology, Healthcare, Media & Telecom, Business Services, Industrials, Consumer, Food &<br>Beverage, Chemicals, and Transportation & Logistics. We intend to apply this accumulated intellectual capital, as well as our network of former and<br>current portfolio companies, for the purpose of selecting the best investment idea.</p>\n<p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Utilize Operating Expertise to Partner with the Acquired Business to Drive Value Creation</p>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>We plan to capitalize on H.I.G. Capital\u2019s extensive operational and strategic experience to enhance the business\u2019 performance. We believe that this<br>experience will enable us to recognize inherent value in the business and, in conjunction with management, create a comprehensive business plan to realize<br>this value. We believe that H.I.G. Capital\u2019s dedicated investment professionals have the relevant backgrounds and track records of designing and<br>implementing effective strategic operating plans, including both operational performance improvement and topline growth, organically and through<br>synergistic add-on acquisitions. Further, we believe that H.I.G. Capital\u2019s experience with and access to debt and equity capital markets will enhance value<br>creation opportunities at the target company through efficient capital structure management. In addition to H.I.G. Capital\u2019s investment professionals, we<br>will leverage the operational experience of over 200 former portfolio company executives, dedicated senior advisors, and senior in-house vertical<br>resources across marketing, information technology, human capital and other functional areas. Upon identification of a business combination opportunity,<br>our management team and our board of directors will draw on the operating expertise of H.I.G. Capital\u2019s investment professionals and advisors to conduct<br>effective due diligence, develop and implement accretive commercial and operational initiatives, and identify and execute accretive add-on acquisitions at<br>the target company.</p>\n<br><footer id='15' style='font-size:14px'>7</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 25868, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='22' style='font-size:20px'>PRISM<br>DASHBOARDS</h1>\n<h1 id='23' style='font-size:18px'>Project Resources Integrated Solutions Management<br>(PRISM)</h1>\n<figure><img id='24' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(166,999); bottom-right:(947,1471)\" /></figure>\n<p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>........................... ............................................ .....................................</p>\n<br><footer id='26' style='font-size:16px'>PAGE 3 3<br>PAGE</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 25869, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='27' style='font-size:20px'>PRISM<br>DASHBOARDS</h1>\n<br><h1 id='28' style='font-size:18px'>Project Resources Integrated Solutions<br>Management (PRISM)</h1>\n<br><figure><img id='29' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(711,90); bottom-right:(1175,383)\" /></figure>\n<h1 id='30' style='font-size:16px'>Data Visualization Visualization<br>Data</h1>\n<br><p id='31' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Integrating all data points relative to<br>assets being removed or stored from<br>facilities</p>\n<h1 id='32' style='font-size:16px'>Budget Tracking</h1>\n<br><p id='33' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Tracking against budget guidelines<br>to keep projects on track financially.<br>Helps to eliminate change orders and<br>cost overruns.</p>\n<h1 id='34' style='font-size:16px'>Project Library</h1>\n<br><p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Custom portals that collect and assimilate all information<br>relative to a project. Including pictures, documents and<br>online content</p>\n<h1 id='36' style='font-size:16px'>Command Post</h1>\n<p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Easy to manage database of contact<br>information and Client SLA\u2019s & KPI\u2019s.<br>Complete with hierarchy permissions<br>sets.</p>\n<p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>PAGE 4</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1562634, "type": "text", "content": "# BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE \nSOLUTIONS\n\n\nLEVERAGE INFORMATION FOR A \nSTRONGER COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE\n\n\nOrganizational data is typically widespread across an organization. \nOften, more than 50% of the critical business information resides \noutside of its ERP system\u2019s central repository. Operations and \nproduction details, HR, CRM, and web data are managed in \ndedicated systems and rarely linked in a structural way. Disorganized \nand unstructured data presents challenges for any company, but for \nglobal organizations, those challenges are even greater.\n\n\nSuccessful leaders are serious about cultivating a data-driven \nmindset across the company. Unreliable data wastes time, increases \ncost, weakens decision-making, threatens customer satisfaction, and \nmakes it more difficult to execute a plan or strategy and to achieve \nbusiness excellence.\n\n\nProviding the necessary access to timely and reliable information in \nany organization is vital to success. At the same time, constant cyber \nthreats force companies to protect and limit access to this critical \ndata. Finding the right balance of accessibility and security is an \nongoing struggle, but one that companies must master to enable \nthe organization to perform effectively across multiple platforms \nand geographies.\n\n\nThe race to become a data-driven organization is more competitive than ever.\nDigital transformations are occurring rapidly worldwide, \nrequiring data agility to be the main driver towards agile business decisions.\n\n\nThe \u201cBusiness Intelligence for Industry Champions\u201d approach delivers a path to\nfast, reliable, and relevant business information:\n\n\nIDENTIFY HOLISTIC \nBUSINESS INFORMATION \nNEEDS\n\n\n \n\nDEVELOP A COHERENT \nBUSINESS INFORMATION \nSTRUCTURE\n\n\n \n\nCREATE SMART DECISION- \nMAKING TOOLS AND GUIDE \nTHE IMPLEMENTATION\n\n\n \n\nSUPPORT THE CHANGE \nTOWARDS A DATA-DRIVEN \nORGANIZATION\n\n\nAltix Consulting partners with middle-market B-to-B clients to deliver\nbusiness strategy, \ntechnology and innovation, and operational excellence support. Our in-country,\nmulti-lingual \nand seasoned business advisors are experienced working in multi-cultural\nenvironments. \nV1.0 / 10/2020\n\n\n \n\naltixconsulting.com \ninfo@altixconsulting.com\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 25866, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='0' style='font-size:20px'>VACATED<br>SPACE<br>SOLUTIONS</h1>\n<h1 id='1' style='font-size:18px'>Precision Facility Group</h1>\n<br><p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>2020/2021</p>\n<br><p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Using an integrated services model that compresses<br>the old methodology of managing multiple service<br>providers, PFG eliminates layers into a more efficient<br>model, utilizing single point of contact and flexible<br>technology</p>\n<p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>PFG manages \u201cbrick & mortar\u201d services that provide<br>disconnect, deinstallation, removal, transportation,<br>and removal of an organization\u203as assets to the<br>Corporate Workplace, Healthcare, Hospitality and<br>Retail sectors</p>\n<p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>precision-fg.com</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3018290, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='42' style='font-size:20px'>ALSO CONSIDER THE COMPLETE<br>RAINMAKER\u2019S FAMILY OF eReach SOLUTIONS</h1>\n<table id='43' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>eSEGMENT</td><td>TARGET YOUR KEY DECISION MAKERS WITHIN YOUR TARGET MARKETS</td></tr><tr><td>eDESIGN</td><td>CREATIVE AND COPY DEVELOPMENT OF E-MAIL, FAXES, NEWSLETTERS AND WEB-SITES</td></tr><tr><td>eMAIL</td><td>TURNKEY E-MAIL AND FAX PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND EXECUTION COMPLETE WITH 360\u00b0ANALYTICS</td></tr><tr><td>eFOLLOW</td><td>TELEMARKETING AND APPOINTMENT SETTING</td></tr><tr><td>eOPT</td><td>OPT-IN/OPT-OUT DATABASE MANAGEMENT SERVICES</td></tr><tr><td>eNRICH</td><td>DATABASE ENRICHMENT OF YOUR EXISTING CUSTOMER AND PROSPECT DATABASES</td></tr></table>\n<br><h1 id='44' style='font-size:18px'>INTERACTIVE B2B DATABASE MARKETING FOR CUSTOMER ACQUISITION AND RETENTION</h1>\n<p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Rainmaker Partners, Inc. \| 30 Florence Road \| Lowell, MA 01851 \| Ph: 978.926.1494 \| info@rainmaker-partners.com</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	How could the company leverage their contact information comprehensively to effectively reach potential clients across their service sectors?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 206, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["format reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 2630682, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='16' style='font-size:18px'>XX-1.7 Computation of time.</h1>\n<p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(a) Unless otherwise stated, any time period scheduled, under this Part, to begin on<br>the occurrence of an act or event shall begin on the day the act or event occurs.</p>\n<p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>( b) Unless otherwise stated, any time period scheduled, under this Part, to begin<br>before the occurrence of an act or event shall be computed so that the period ends the<br>day before the act or event occurs.</p>\n<p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>( c) Unless otherwise stated, if a deadline or the final day of any time period, under<br>this Part, falls on a day that is not a business day, the time period shall be extended to<br>the next business day.</p>\n<h1 id='20' style='font-size:18px'>X X-1.8 Severability.</h1>\n<p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>If any provision of this Part, or its application to any particular entity or circumstances, is<br>held invalid, the remainder of this Part, and the application thereof to other entities or<br>circumstances, shall not be affected thereby.</p>\n<h1 id='22' style='font-size:18px'>XX-1.9 Implementation Plan.</h1>\n<p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>B y [date], JURISDICTION will develop and publish an implementation plan explaining<br>how equity commitments in Subpart XX-3 and other aspects of program implementation<br>will be embodied in legislation, regulations, or other directives.</p>\n<p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Subpart XX-2 CO2 Authorized Account Representative</p>\n<p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>X X-2.1 Authorization and responsibilities of the CO2 authorized account<br>representative.</p>\n<p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(a) Except as provided under section XX-2.2, each JURISDICTION fuel supplier or</p>\n<footer id='27' style='font-size:18px'>June 10, 2021</footer>\n<br><footer id='28' style='font-size:14px'>Page 33 of 159</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2630531, "type": "text", "content": "# representative or CO2 authorized alternate account representative:\n\n\n \n\n(i) \u201cI agree that any information that is reviewed by a natural person \nidentified in this notice of delegation and of a type listed for such \ninformation accessible by the reviewer in this notice of delegation \nand that is reviewed when I am a CO2 authorized account \nrepresentative or CO2 authorized alternate account representative, \nas appropriate, and before this notice of delegation is superseded \nby another notice of delegation under subdivision XX-2.6(i) shall be \ndeemed to be reviewed by me. I certify that the JURISDICTION fuel \nsupplier or reporting-only entity, and each owner and operator \nthereof, shall be fully bound by such review.\u201d \n(ii) \u201cUntil this notice of delegation is superseded by another notice of \ndelegation under subdivision XX-2.6(i), I agree to maintain an e- \nmail account and to notify the REGULATORY AGENCY or its \nagent immediately of any change in my e-mail address unless all \ndelegation authority by me under section XX-2.6 is terminated.\u201d\n\n\n(i) A notice of delegation submitted under subdivision (h) of this section\nshall be \neffective, with regard to the CO2 authorized account representative or CO2\nauthorized \nalternate account representative identified in such notice, upon receipt of\nsuch notice by \nthe REGULATORY AGENCY or its agent and until receipt by the REGULATORY \nAGENCY or its agent of a superseding notice of delegation by such CO2\nauthorized \naccount representative or CO2 authorized alternate account representative as \nappropriate. The superseding notice of delegation may replace any previously\nidentified \nreviewer, add a new reviewer, or eliminate entirely any delegation of\nauthority.\n\n\n# Subpart XX-3 Equity\n\n\nX X-3.1 Equity investment commitment.\n\n\nJune 10, 2021\n\n\n \nPage 43 of 159\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2630554, "type": "text", "content": "not contain any CO2 allowances, the REGULATORY AGENCY or its agent may notify \nthe CO2 authorized account representative for the account that the account\nwill be \nclosed in the TREATS after 30 days from the date that the notice is sent. The\naccount \nwill be closed after the 30-day period unless before the end of the 30-day\nperiod the \nREGULATORY AGENCY or its agent receives a correctly submitted transfer of CO2 \nallowances into the account under section XX-7.1 or a statement submitted by\nthe CO2 \nauthorized account representative demonstrating to the satisfaction of the \nREGULATORY AGENCY good cause why the account should not be closed. The \nREGULATORY AGENCY has sole discretion to determine if the owner of the account \ndemonstrated that the account should not be closed.\n\n\n( c) When a general account is closed under this section, the entity that\nopened the \ngeneral account shall no longer be subject to the requirement to have a CO2 \nauthorized account representative under paragraph XX-6.2(b)(1) and shall keep\nrecords \nas required under paragraph XX-6.2(b)(6).\n\n\nX X-6.9 Closing of certain reporting accounts\n\n\n(a) If the number of deliveries or disbursements that a below-the-rack\ndistributor or \nposition holder that is a reporting-only entity is required to report is zero\nfor a period of \none year or more, or if a distributor or position holder that is a reporting-\nonly entity that \nis not required to report deliveries or disbursements does not submit any fuel\nshipment \ndata reports for a period of one year or more, the distributor or position\nholder may \nrequest that its reporting account be closed. The REGULATORY AGENCY or its\nagent \nmay require submission of additional information relevant to the request and\nmay close \nsuch reporting account if the REGULATORY AGENCY determines that the request \nmeets the requirements of this subdivision. Starting on the date on which the\nreporting \naccount is closed, the distributor or position holder shall no longer be a\nreporting-only \nentity unless and until it again qualifies as a reporting-only entity.\n\n\n( b) An operator of a terminal not located in JURISDICTION that elected to\ncomply\n\n\nJune 10, 2021\n\n\n \nPage 66 of 159\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2630522, "type": "text", "content": "reporting-only entity shall have one and only one CO2 authorized account \nrepresentative, with regard to all matters under this Part.\n\n\n(b) The CO2 authorized account representative shall be selected by an\nagreement \nbinding on the JURISDICTION fuel supplier or reporting-only entity, and on\neach owner \nand operator thereof, and must act in accordance with the account certificate\nof \nrepresentation under section XX-2.4.\n\n\n(c) Upon receipt by the REGULATORY AGENCY or its agent of a complete account \ncertificate of representation under section XX-2.4, the CO2 authorized account \nrepresentative shall represent and, by his or her representations, actions,\ninactions, or \nsubmissions, legally bind the JURISDICTION fuel supplier or reporting-only\nentity, and \neach owner and operator thereof, in all matters pertaining to this Part and in\nrelation to \nall types of accounts created for the JURISDICTION fuel supplier or reporting-\nonly entity \npursuant to section XX-6.2, notwithstanding any agreement between the CO2\nauthorized \naccount representative and such JURISDICTION fuel supplier or reporting-only\nentity, \nand the owners or operators thereof. The JURISDICTION fuel supplier or\nreporting-only \nentity, and each owner and operator thereof, shall be bound by any decision or\norder \nissued to the CO2 authorized account representative by the REGULATORY AGENCY\nor \na court.\n\n\n(d) No TREATS account shall be established for a JURISDICTION fuel supplier or \nreporting-only entity until the REGULATORY AGENCY or its agent has received a \ncomplete account certificate of representation under section XX-2.4 for a CO2 \nauthorized account representative.\n\n\n(e) Each submission under this Part shall be submitted, signed, and certified\nby the \nCO2 authorized account representative for each JURISDICTION fuel supplier or \nreporting-only entity on behalf of which the submission is made. Each such\nsubmission \nmade in accordance with this Part shall include the following certification\nstatement by \nthe CO2 authorized account representative, in a format prescribed by the\n\n\nJune 10, 2021\n\n\n \nPage 34 of 159\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 159769, "type": "text", "content": "1 (b) Unless otherwise required by the Division or its agent, documents of\nagreement referred \n2 to in the account certificate of representation shall not be submitted to\nthe Division or its \n3 agent. Neither the Division nor its agent shall be under any obligation to\nreview or \n4 evaluate the sufficiency of such documents, if submitted. \n5 .2812 OBJECTIONS CONCERNING THE CO2 AUTHORIZED ACCOUNT \n6 REPRESENTATIVE. \n7 (a) Once a complete account certificate of representation under Rule .2811\nhas been \n8 submitted and received, the Division and, if applicable, its agent will rely\non the account \n9 certificate of representation unless and until the Division or its agent\nreceives a \n10 superseding complete account certificate of representation under Rule\n.2811. \n11 (b) Except as provided in 15A N.C.A.C. 2D .2810(a) or (b), no objection or\nother \n12 communication submitted to the Division or its agent concerning the\nauthorization of, or \n13 any representation, action, inaction, or submission of, the CO2 authorized\naccount \n14 representative shall affect any representation, action, inaction, or\nsubmission of the CO2 \n15 authorized account representative or the finality of any decision or order\nby the Division \n16 or its agent under this Section or the CO2 Budget Trading Program. \n17 (c) Neither the Division nor its agent will adjudicate any private legal\ndispute concerning the \n18 authorization of, or any representation, action, inaction, or submission\nof, any CO2 \n19 authorized account representative, including private legal disputes\nconcerning the \n20 proceeds of CO2 allowance transfers. \n21 .2813 DELEGATION BY CO2 AUTHORIZED ACCOUNT REPRESENTATIVE AND \n22 CO2 AUTHORIZED ALTERNATE ACCOUNT REPRESENTATIVE. \n23 (a) A CO2 authorized account representative may delegate, to one or more\nnatural persons, \n24 his or her authority to make an electronic submission to the Division or\nits agent under \n25 this Section. \n26 (b) A CO2 authorized alternate account representative may delegate, to one\nor more natural \n27 persons, his or her authority to make an electronic submission to the\nDivision or its agent \n28 under this Section. \n29 (c) To delegate authority to make an electronic submission to the Division\nor its agent in \n30 accordance with Paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Rule, the CO2 authorized\naccount \n31 representative or CO2 authorized alternate account representative, as\nappropriate, must \n32 submit to the Division or its agent a notice of delegation, in a format\nprescribed by the \n33 Division that includes the following elements: \n34 (1) The name, address, email address, and telephone number of such CO2 \n35 authorized account representative or CO2 authorized alternate account \n36 representative;\n\n\nPage 22\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2630706, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='32' style='font-size:18px'>of such CO2 authorized account representative or CO2</h1>\n<br><p id='33' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>authorized alternate account representative;<br>(b) The name, address, e-mail address, and telephone number<br>of each such natural person, herein referred to as \u201celectronic<br>submission agent\u201d;<br>(c) For each such natural person, a list of the type of electronic<br>submissions under subdivision (b) of this section for which<br>authority is delegated to him or her; and<br>(d) The following certification statements by such CO2<br>authorized account representative or CO2 authorized<br>alternate account representative:</p>\n<br><p id='34' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>(1) \u201cI agree that any electronic submission to the<br>REGULATORY AGENCY or its agent that is by a<br>natural person identified in this notice of delegation<br>and of a type listed for such electronic submission<br>agent in this notice of delegation and that is made<br>when I am a CO2 authorized account representative<br>or CO2 authorized alternate account representative,<br>as appropriate, and before this notice of delegation is<br>superseded by another notice of delegation under<br>subparagraph XX-6.2(b)(5)(iv) shall be deemed to be<br>an electronic submission by me. I certify that all<br>entities who have an ownership interest with respect<br>to CO2 allowances held in the general account shall<br>be fully bound by any such electronic submission.\u201d<br>(2) \u201cUntil this notice of delegation is superseded by<br>another notice of delegation under subparagraph XX-<br>6.2(b)(5)(iv), I agree to maintain an e-mail account<br>and to notify the REGULATORY AGENCY or its agent<br>immediately of any change in my e-mail address<br>unless all delegation authority by me under paragraph</p>\n<footer id='35' style='font-size:18px'>June 10, 2021</footer>\n<br><footer id='36' style='font-size:14px'>Page 57 of 159</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2630546, "type": "text", "content": "# XX-6.2(b)(5) is terminated.\u201d\n\n\n(6)\n\n\n \n\n(iv) A notice of delegation submitted under subparagraph (iii) of this \nparagraph shall be effective, with regard to the CO2 authorized \naccount representative or CO2 authorized alternate account \nrepresentative identified in such notice, upon receipt of such notice \nby the REGULATORY AGENCY or its agent and until receipt by \nthe REGULATORY AGENCY or its agent of a superseding notice \nof delegation by such CO2 authorized account representative or \nCO2 authorized alternate account representative as appropriate. \nThe superseding notice of delegation may replace any previously \nidentified electronic submission agent, add a new electronic \nsubmission agent, or eliminate entirely any delegation of authority. \n(v) Any electronic submission covered by the certification in sub-clause \n(iii)(d)(1) of this paragraph and made in accordance with a notice of \ndelegation effective under subparagraph (iv) of this paragraph shall \nbe deemed to be an electronic submission by the CO2 authorized \naccount representative or CO2 authorized alternate account \nrepresentative submitting such notice of delegation. \nRecordkeeping. Unless otherwise provided, each entity that opens a \ngeneral account shall keep in its possession, custody, or control each of \nthe following documents for a period of 10 years from the date the \ndocument is created or submitted, whichever is later. Any recordkeeping \nperiod may be extended, at any time prior to the end of the period, by the \nREGULATORY AGENCY.\n\n\n \n\n(i) Copies of all of the applications for a general account filed by such \nan entity and all documents that demonstrate the truth of the \nstatements in the application for a general account, in accordance \nwith paragraph (1) of this subdivision, provided that the application \nand documents shall be retained beyond such 10-year period until \nsuch documents are superseded because of the submission of a \nnew application for a general account changing the CO2 authorized\n\n\nJune 10, 2021\n\n\n \nPage 58 of 159\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2630545, "type": "text", "content": "# of such CO2 authorized account representative or CO2\n\n\n \n\nauthorized alternate account representative; \n(b) The name, address, e-mail address, and telephone number \nof each such natural person, herein referred to as \u201celectronic \nsubmission agent\u201d; \n(c) For each such natural person, a list of the type of electronic \nsubmissions under subdivision (b) of this section for which \nauthority is delegated to him or her; and \n(d) The following certification statements by such CO2 \nauthorized account representative or CO2 authorized \nalternate account representative:\n\n\n \n\n(1) \u201cI agree that any electronic submission to the \nREGULATORY AGENCY or its agent that is by a \nnatural person identified in this notice of delegation \nand of a type listed for such electronic submission \nagent in this notice of delegation and that is made \nwhen I am a CO2 authorized account representative \nor CO2 authorized alternate account representative, \nas appropriate, and before this notice of delegation is \nsuperseded by another notice of delegation under \nsubparagraph XX-6.2(b)(5)(iv) shall be deemed to be \nan electronic submission by me. I certify that all \nentities who have an ownership interest with respect \nto CO2 allowances held in the general account shall \nbe fully bound by any such electronic submission.\u201d \n(2) \u201cUntil this notice of delegation is superseded by \nanother notice of delegation under subparagraph XX- \n6.2(b)(5)(iv), I agree to maintain an e-mail account \nand to notify the REGULATORY AGENCY or its agent \nimmediately of any change in my e-mail address \nunless all delegation authority by me under paragraph\n\n\nJune 10, 2021\n\n\n \nPage 57 of 159\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 159771, "type": "text", "content": "1 (h) To delegate authority to review information in COATS in accordance with\nParagraphs (f) \n2 and (g) of this Rule, the CO2 authorized account representative or CO2\nauthorized \n3 alternate account representative, as appropriate, must submit to the\nDivision or its agent a \n4 notice of delegation, in a format prescribed by the Division that includes\nthe following \n5 elements: \n6 (1) The name, address, email address, and telephone number of such CO2 \n7 authorized account representative or CO2 authorized alternate account \n8 representative; \n9 (2) The name, address, email address, and telephone number of each such \n10 natural person, herein referred to as the \u201creviewer\u201d; \n11 (3) For each such natural person, a list of the type of information under \n12 Paragraph (f) or (g) of this Rule for which authority is delegated to him\nor \n13 her; and \n14 (4) The following certification statements by such CO2 authorized account \n15 representative or CO2 authorized alternate account representative: \n16 \u201cI agree that any information that is reviewed by a natural person \n17 identified in this notice of delegation and that is of a type listed for \n18 such information accessible by the reviewer in this notice of \n19 delegation and that is made when I am a CO2 authorized account \n20 representative or CO2 authorized alternate account representative, \n21 as appropriate, and before this notice of delegation is superseded by \n22 another notice of delegation under 15A N.C.A.C. 2D .2813(i), shall \n23 be deemed to be reviewed by me.\u201d \n24 \u201cUntil this notice of delegation is superseded by another notice of \n25 delegation under 15A N.C.A.C. 2D .2813(i), I agree to maintain an \n26 email account and to notify the Division or its agent immediately of \n27 any change in my email address unless all delegation authority by me \n28 under Rule .2813 is terminated.\u201d \n29 (i) A notice of delegation submitted under Paragraph (h) of this Rule shall\nbe effective, with \n30 regard to the CO2 authorized account representative or CO2 authorized\nalternate account \n31 representative identified in such notice, upon receipt of such notice by\nthe Division or its \n32 agent and until receipt by the Division or its agent of a superseding\nnotice of delegation \n33 by such CO2 authorized account representative or CO2 authorized alternate\naccount \n34 representative, as appropriate. The superseding notice of delegation may\nreplace any \n35 previously identified reviewer, add a new reviewer, or eliminate entirely\nany delegation \n36 of authority.\n\n\nPage 24\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 159770, "type": "text", "content": "1\n\n\n \n\n2\n\n\n3\n\n\n \n\n4\n\n\n \n\n5\n\n\n6\n\n\n \n\n7\n\n\n8\n\n\n \n\n9\n\n\n \n\n# 10\n\n\n \n\n# 11\n\n\n \n\n12\n\n\n \n\n# 13\n\n\n \n\n# 14\n\n\n \n\n# 15\n\n\n# 16\n\n\n \n\n# 17\n\n\n \n\n# 18\n\n\n \n\n# 19\n\n\n \n\n# 20\n\n\n# 21\n\n\n \n\n# 22\n\n\n \n\n# 23\n\n\n \n\n# 24\n\n\n \n\n# 25\n\n\n \n\n# 26\n\n\n \n\n# 27\n\n\n \n\n# 28\n\n\n# 29\n\n\n \n\n# 30\n\n\n \n\n31\n\n\n \n\n32\n\n\n \n\n33\n\n\n34\n\n\n \n\n(2) The name, address, email address, and telephone number of each such \nnatural person, herein referred to as the \u201celectronic submission agent\u201d;\n\n\n35\n\n\n36\n\n\n \n\n(3) For each such natural person, a list of the type of electronic submissions \nunder Paragraph (a) or (b) of this Rule for which authority is delegated to \nhim or her; and\n\n\n(4) The following certification statements by such CO2 authorized account \nrepresentative or CO2 authorized alternate account representative:\n\n\n37\n\n\n \n\n\u201cI agree that any electronic submission to the Division or its agent \nthat is by a natural person identified in this notice of delegation and \nthat is of a type listed for such electronic submission agent in this \nnotice of delegation and that is made when I am a CO2 authorized \naccount representative or CO2 authorized alternate account \nrepresentative, as appropriate, and before this notice of delegation is \nsuperseded by another notice of delegation under 15A N.C.A.C. 2D \n.2813(d) shall be deemed to be an electronic submission by me.\u201d\n\n\n(d) A notice of delegation submitted under Paragraph (c) of this Rule shall be\neffective, with \nregard to the CO2 authorized account representative or CO2 authorized\nalternate account \nrepresentative identified in such notice, upon receipt of such notice by the\nDivision or its \nagent and until receipt by the Division or its agent of a superseding notice\nof delegation \nby such CO2 authorized account representative or CO2 authorized alternate\naccount \nrepresentative, as appropriate. The superseding notice of delegation may\nreplace any \npreviously identified electronic submission agent, add a new electronic\nsubmission agent, \nor eliminate entirely any delegation of authority.\n\n\n \n\n\u201cUntil this notice of delegation is superseded by another notice of \ndelegation under 15A N.C.A.C. 2D .2813(d), I agree to maintain an \nemail account and to notify the Division or its agent immediately of \nany change in my email address unless all delegation authority by me \nunder Rule .2813 is terminated.\u201d\n\n\n(e) Any electronic submission covered by the certification in Part (c)(4)(A)\nof this Rule and \nmade in accordance with a notice of delegation effective under Paragraph (d)\nof this Rule \nshall be deemed to be an electronic submission by the CO2 authorized account \nrepresentative or CO2 authorized alternate account representative submitting\nsuch notice \nof delegation.\n\n\n \n\n(f) A CO2 authorized account representative may delegate, to one or more\nnatural persons, \nhis or her authority to review information in COATS under this Section.\n\n\n(g) A CO2 authorized alternate account representative may delegate, to one or\nmore natural \npersons, his or her authority to review information in COATS under this\nSection.\n\n\nPage 23\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}]	If a CO2 authorized account representative issues two notices of delegation on different days but only one is active at a time, explain how the representative manages these notices over time.	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 207, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["temporal reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 208552, "type": "text", "content": "Satou is not the only person with keyboard/ \ncontroller mojo involved, although much \nremains unresolved by the finale. Presenting \nall 12 episodes from 2018 in a dual-language \nBlu-ray/DVD Combo set, rated TV-14, extras \ninclude an episode commentary. A strong \noptional purchase. (C. Cassady)\n\n\n \n\n# Dies Irae: The Complete \nSeries HH1/2\n\n\n \n\n(2017) 2 discs. 468 min. Blu- \nray: $69.99. Funimation (avail. \nfrom most distributors).\n\n\n \n\nA J a p a n e s e n a r r a -\n\n\n \n\ntive-based video game in- \nspired this horror-fantasy \nanime series that begs for the adjective \u201cWag- \nnerian\u201d\u2014assuming that Richard Wagner\u2019s \noperas trafficked in huge-breasted women, \nharem-comedy sex misunderstandings, and \nincomprehensible violent plotlines (which, \nactually, they sort of do). Here, Hitler\u2019s Third \nReich secretly hosts legions of the \u201cObsidian \nRound Table,\u201d a horde of dark wizards and \nevildoers with various agendas. Their ritually \nmurderous rampages in modern Japan draw \nin Ren, an orphan teen (created as a test-tube \nhomunculus) who is both unaware that his \nbest pal is a monster-fighter and that Ren him- \nself is fated to inherit great power. The fiends \ncontinue their timeless Nazi carnage while \nalso training Ren to be their greatest enemy \nso that he can kill them, thus breaking an \nendless circle of destructive existence. Gore, \npuzzling resurrections and transformations, \nand the mythology of Wagner\u2019s Ring cycle \nare often visually striking here but just as \noften embrace the anime-kitsch aesthetic of \ncourageous boy warriors and nubile maidens \nbattling alongside. Overall, this is a bewil- \ndering, tantalizing, and possibly even offen- \nsive series, the latter due to much SS-type \nregalia (and cleavage) along with profanity. \nPresenting all 12 episodes from 2017 and \nsix additional ONA (original net animation) \nepisodes from 2018 in a dual-language Blu-ray \nedition, rated TV-MA, this is a strong optional \npurchase. (C. Cassady)\n\n\n \n\n# Golden Kamuy, Season \nOne HHH1/2\n\n\n \n\n(2018) 4 discs. 300 min. Blu- \nray: $84.99. Funimation (avail. \nfrom most distributors).\n\n\n \n\nThis anime series based \non Satoru Noda\u2019s acclaimed \nmanga serves up an inter- \nesting plot that mixes Japanese history with \nold-fashioned adventure. Saichi Sugimoto \nis a veteran of the Russo-Japanese War who \nhas taken up gold prospecting in order to \nprovide for the widow of a fallen comrade. A \ndrunken friend named Goto tells him a story \nabout a man who killed a group of Ainu\u2014an \nindigenous people of Japanese and Russian \nheritage\u2014and stole their gold. The killer hid \nthe treasure and tattooed its location on a\n\n\n \n\nmap that stretched across the bodies of 24 \nescaped prisoners. When Goto is killed by \na bear, Saichi discovers one of the maps on \nGoto\u2019s body. Saichi then meets a young Ainu \ngirl named Asirpa, who confirms the tale and \nreveals that her father was among those slain \nfor their gold. Saichi and Asirpa, joined by a \nrare Hokkaido wolf named Retar, search out \nthe escaped prisoners with the map tattoos on \nan adventure that is full of peril and danger. \nGolden Kamuy has everything working in its \nfavor: a superior storyline, excellent anima- \ntion, fully textured characters, and a genuine \nsense of historical perspective mixed with \na respectful consideration of Ainu culture. \nPresenting all 12 episodes from the 2018 \ndebut season in a dual-language Blu-ray/DVD \nCombo set, rated TV-MA, extras include 12 \nbonus animated shorts. Highly recommend- \ned. [Note: Golden Kamuy, Season Two is slated \nfor release on Oct. 15.] (P. Hall)\n\n\n \n\nHaruchika\u2014Haruta & \nChika: The Complete \nSeries HHH\n\n\n \n\n(2016) 2 discs. 300 min. In \nJapanese w/English subtitles. \nBlu-ray: $29.99. Funimation \n(avail. from most distributors).\n\n\n \n\nBased on a novel series, this teen-class- \nroom drama would appear on the surface \nto be largely music-oriented but is actually \ncomprised of a set of modest-scale myster- \nies. Athletic co-ed Chika changes her goals \nwhen she sees an orchestra performing and \ndecides that she would rather be a \u201ccute \ngirl\u201d flute player (despite having no musical \nbackground) than a volleyball champ. For- \ntunately, the underpopulated student band \nsociety needs members, so they accept her. \nChika bonds in odd-couple fashion with the \ngay French horn player leading the group, \nHaruta. Both of them have a crush on music \nteacher Mr. Kusakabe\u2014who mysteriously \nabandoned a successful conducting career \nfor this obscure post\u2014and want to turn the \nclub into a first-class competitive ensemble \nto honor him. The process of recruiting new \ninstrumentalists and securing practice space \ninvariably plunges Haruta, Chika, and their \nbandmates into solving enigmas, dilemmas, \nand scandals involving their schoolmates\u2019 \ncloistered personal lives\u2014puzzles that are \nunlocked by Haruta thanks to his Sherlockian \nsleuthing talents and encyclopedic knowl- \nedge. Haruchika is a cleverly written offbeat \nseries that spawned a live-action adaptation \nin 2017. Presenting all 12 episodes from 2016 \nin a Blu-ray/DVD Combo set, in Japanese \nwith English subtitles, rated TV-14, this is \nrecommended. (C. Cassady)\n\n\n \n\nJunji Ito Collection: The Complete Series \nHH\n\n\n \n\n(2018) 2 discs. 300 min. Blu-ray: $64.99. \nFunimation (avail. from most distributors).\n\n\n \n\nManga artist Junji Ito is one of the most\n\n\n \n\npopular contemporary prac- \ntitioners of J-horror, but this \nanime anthology featuring \nadaptations of 24 of his \nstories will likely disappoint \nboth fans and newcomers. \nOn the printed page, Ito\u2019s \nsinister images can have a \ndeliciously creepy effect, but while a few of \nthe tales included in this series (\u201cSlug Girl\u201d \nand \u201cShiver,\u201d for example) remain genuinely \nunsettling, most have lost a good deal of their \nimpact in mediocre animated form, partially \ndue to visual repetition but also because the \nnarratives\u2014which usually involve a super- \nnatural power unleashed against a terrified \nprotagonist\u2014are one-note affairs, featuring \nan abundance of sequences in which victims \nare pursued endlessly through forest and \nstreets by various evil entities. The majority \nof the tales are standalone entries, although \ntwo focus on a strange student named Souichi \nwho uses punishing magic to address grudges \nheld against classmates, and one features an \nappearance by Ito\u2019s most famous character\u2014 \nTomie, a manipulative girl who feeds on oth- \ners to maintain her immortality. Although \nthe Junji Ito Collection can be applauded for \nbringing the work of a well-regarded mangaka \nto a wide audience in a new form, its execu- \ntion leaves much to be desired. Presenting \nall 12 episodes from 2018 in a dual-language \nBlu-ray edition, rated TV-MA, extras include \ntwo OVAs. Optional. (F. Swietek)\n\n\n \n\nKakuriyo\u2014Bed & \nBreakfast for Spirits, \nPart One: Episodes 1-13 \nHH1/2\n\n\n \n\n(2018) 2 discs. 325 min. Blu- \nray: $64.99. Funimation (avail. \nfrom most distributors).\n\n\n \n\nRomantic and supernatural elements com- \nbine in this anime series based on the light \nnovel-manga series by Midori Yuma. Aoi in- \nherited her late grandfather\u2019s ability to see the \nsupernatural spirits\u2014or ayakashi\u2014who visit \nthe human realm. After assisting one who \nwears a distinctive mask, Aoi is kidnapped \nand taken to the ayakashi world, where hand- \nsome innkeeper ogre Odanna tells her that \nher grandfather offered her as a wife to him \nin payment of a debt. She refuses to marry \nOdanna, preferring to work off the debt, and \neventually opens a successful restaurant. Aoi \nencounters spirits\u2014like shape-shifter Ginji\u2014 \nwho become her allies, as well as others who \nsee her as a dangerous interloper, while also \nconstantly trying to determine who might be \nthe masked figure she originally met. Kakuriyo \nboasts a few moments of suspense, but the \nseries is mostly a fairly lighthearted portrait, \nwith such a heavy emphasis on Aoi\u2019s kitchen \nprowess it could sometimes be mistaken for \na cooking show. Although the animation is \nroutine, the show benefits from an engaging \npremise and a parade of peculiar characters.\n\n\nS E P T E M B E R / O C T O B E R 2 0 1 9\n\n\n \nV I D E O L I B R A R I A N\n\n\n \n63\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1722418, "type": "html", "content": "<br><p id='184' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>sion of sometimes nail-biting homicide<br>cases that are linked by a shadowy master<br>villain who mentors murderers in the name<br>of free will. The noir-ish material borrows<br>liberally from films such as Minority Report<br>and The Silence of the Lambs, but this title<br>should also have crossover appeal for fans<br>of police procedurals (J.D. Robb\u2019s Eve Dallas<br>series comes to mind). The heavy violence<br>here includes dismemberments, as well<br>as briefly bared breasts in gruesome art<br>installations/murder scenes. Compiling<br>the first 11 episodes from the 2012-13 first<br>season in a dual-language Blu-ray/DVD<br>Combo set, rated TV-MA, extras include<br>audio commentaries, and interviews with<br>the Japanese production team at a fan<br>convention. Highly recommended. [Note:<br>Psycho-Pass: Season One, Part Two is also<br>newly available.] (C. Cassady)</p>\n<br><p id='185' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Ranma 1/2, Set 1<br>HHH1/2</p>\n<br><p id='186' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(2011) 3 discs. 530 min. DVD:<br>$44.98, Blu-ray: $54.98.<br>Viz Media (avail. from most<br>distributors).</p>\n<br><p id='187' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Twenty-five years after<br>its initial TV appearance,<br>Rumiko Takahashi\u2019s classic action/comedy/<br>romance anime Ranma 1/2\u2014based on the<br>equally popular manga\u2014receives an over-<br>due re-release, with cleaned-up animation<br>that is both sharp and colorful, bringing<br>to life character designs that have aged<br>amazingly well. Ranma Saotome and his<br>father, Genma, arrive in Tokyo following<br>long years of martial arts training in China,<br>after which they visit Genma\u2019s old friend<br>Soun Tendo. Before long, a simple marriage<br>arrangement between Ranma and one of<br>Soun\u2019s three daughters grows complicated<br>due to the effects of the mysterious cursed<br>pools that Ranma and his dad both fell into<br>while in China, which causes Ranma to<br>change into a girl whenever he encounters<br>cold water and Genma to be transformed<br>into a giant panda (hot water changes them<br>back, but icy aqua is ridiculously prevalent<br>every where). Ranma\u2019s fianc\u00e9e, Akane,<br>changes her mind, and turns her atten-<br>tion to literally fighting off an assortment<br>of other suitors. Ranma is also pursued by<br>various women\u2014each displaying her own<br>quirky fighting technique and, like Ranma,<br>having the highly disconcerting habit of<br>transforming (into, for instance, a cute pig<br>and a cat). Confusion and hijinks follow,<br>but the action is always grounded in the<br>grudgingly friendly relationship between<br>Ranma and Akane. Compiling the first<br>23 episodes in a dual-language set, rated<br>TV-14 (due to boob flashes and occasional<br>stolen panties), extras include a 2012 New<br>York Comic Con highlights reel. Highly<br>recommended. [Note: Ranma 1/2, Set 2 is<br>also newly available.] (L. Martincik)</p>\n<br><h1 id='188' style='font-size:20px'>Saint Seiya: Sanctuary<br>HHH</h1>\n<figure><img id='189' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(690,570); bottom-right:(810,716)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='190' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(2014) 11 discs. 1,721 min. In<br>Japanese w/English subtitles.<br>DVD: $99.95. Cinedigm<br>Entertainment (avail. from<br>most distributors).</p>\n<br><figure><img id='191' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1050,132); bottom-right:(1166,296)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='192' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>This epic 1986 anime<br>series was first made available on this side of<br>the Pacific in a heavily edited and recklessly<br>dubbed Cartoon Network broadcast in 2003<br>(that version, along with the original Japa-<br>nese-language offering, was released on DVD<br>in 2009, albeit only the first 60 episodes).<br>Saint Seiya: Sanctuary is more comprehen-<br>sive, compiling the first 73 episodes. The<br>eponymous saints are Japanese boy warriors<br>who wear sacred armor with designs derived<br>from constellations. The deity at the center<br>of their sacred devotion is the Greek goddess<br>Athena, and these modern saints have sworn<br>to defend her spirit against rival Hellenic<br>deities. Actually, having Japanese lads engag-<br>ing in battle on behalf of the pre-Christian<br>Greek deities is the least confusing aspect of<br>this noisy and frequently baffling show. But<br>while the series may be lacking in coherence<br>and logic, it more than compensates with<br>imaginative and energetic battle sequences.<br>Presented in a dual-language set, suitable for<br>13-up, this will be a must-watch for classic<br>anime addicts. Recommended. (P. Hall)</p>\n<br><p id='193' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Say I Love You: Complete<br>Collection HHH</p>\n<br><p id='194' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(2012) 325 min. DVD: 3<br>discs, $59.98; Blu-ray: 2 discs,<br>$69.98. Sentai Filmworks<br>(avail. from most distributors).<br>ISBN: 978-1-6161-5427-1 (dvd),<br>978-1-6161-5428-8 (blu-ray).</p>\n<br><figure><img id='195' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1049,819); bottom-right:(1165,982)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='196' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>A super-vulnerable rather<br>than super-powered heroine propels this non-<br>fantasy youth romance derived from \u201cshojo\u201d<br>manga (girls\u2019-story comics). Mei Tachibana<br>is a class loner and mopey outcast in a high-<br>school environment rife with gossip, mean<br>girls, and bullying. She gets her surprise first<br>kiss from Yamato Kurosawa\u2014the school\u2019s<br>most popular boy\u2014leading to an impromptu<br>relationship that shakes up the hothouse stu-<br>dent mini-society. A ladies\u2019 man since junior<br>high, yet also good-hearted and sensitive,<br>Yamato has nonetheless gone from one sweet-<br>heart to another, and love-starved Mei fears<br>she\u2019ll just be another of his many exes, so she<br>agonizes over whether their togetherness is<br>indeed true and lasting. Mei\u2019s neediness and<br>timidity are a bit grating at times, but these<br>characters have depth\u2014even the farfetched<br>trope of a teen supermodel who abruptly<br>enrolls at school as a potential rival for poor<br>melancholy Mei. Although the narrative<br>is snail-paced, teen American viewers will<br>empathize with the issues here. Presenting all<br>13 episodes from 2012 in a dual-language set,<br>rated TV-14, extras include comic vignettes.<br>Recommended. (C. Cassady)</p>\n<footer id='197' style='font-size:14px'>J U L Y / A U G U S T 2 0 1 4</footer>\n<br><footer id='198' style='font-size:14px'>69</footer>\n<br><footer id='199' style='font-size:14px'>V I D E O L I B R A R I A N</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 726812, "type": "text", "content": "# Japanese Anime\n\n\nCastle in the Sky HHH \n(1986) 125 min. DVD: $19.98, \nBlu-ray/DVD Combo: $29.95. \nShout! Factory (avail. from \nmost distributors).\n\n\n \n\nCompared to other an-\n\n\n \n\nime films by Hayao Mi- \nyazaki such as My Neighbor \nTotoro, Spirited Away, and \nPonyo, 1986\u2019s Castle in the Sky is in a slightly \nlesser league. Still, there is a lot to like in its \ntale of a young princess possessing a magical \nmedallion, who is joined by a noble boy in \nan effort to keep the necklace from a duplic- \nitous government official. And the range of \nanimated locations\u2014a small, rural village; a \nsteampunk blimp that serves as a flying war \nmachine; a jungle of tree roots that obscures \na powerful stone\u2014is dazzling and creative. \nThe titular castle\u2019s name, \u201cLaputa,\u201d has a \nliterary provenance in Gulliver\u2019s Travels\u2014a \nreference to a floating island-city. Yet for all \nthat, Castle in the Sky feels more self-refer- \nential than enchanting, largely because the \nnarrative is heavily influenced by Star Wars \n(country boy rescues princess, teams up with \na buccaneer to stop a power-mad strongman, \netc.) rather than Miyazaki\u2019s more deeply-felt \ncollisions of the ordinary and mystical that \nlead to revelations of hidden worlds through \nwhich his troubled protagonists journey. The \nEnglish-dubbed version features a vocal cast \nthat includes Anna Paquin, Mark Hamill, and \nCloris Leachman. Presented in dual-language \nDVD and Blu-ray/DVD Combo editions, \nrated PG, extras include behind-the-scenes \nfeaturettes, feature-length storyboards, and \na booklet. Recommended. (T. Keogh)\n\n\n \n\n# Code Geass: Akito the \nExiled HH\n\n\n \n\n(2012) 5 discs. 290 min. Blu- \nray/DVD Combo: $64.98. \nFunimation (avail. from most \ndistributors).\n\n\n \n\nThis compilation presents\n\n\n \n\nfive OVA (original video \nanimation) episodes from 2012 connected to \nthe popular Code Geass series, which centers \non a near-future world war taking place in \nan alternative timeline where the planet is \ndivided between the Holy Britannian Empire \nrepresenting the Americas, the Chinese Fed- \neration supporting Asia, and the combined \nEuropean-African continents functioning \nunder the Europa United banner. In these \nepisodes, Leila Malcal is the commander of \nher own special European army unit called \nW-0. Leila, who was a Britannian aristocrat \nbefore joining the other side, is paired with \na squad of Japanese teenage terrorists in \ntheir battle against the Britannian army. \nComplicating matters is the presence of \nAkito Hyuga, a blue-haired lieutenant under \nLeila\u2019s command who has a fairly important \nsecret. The episodes feature lots of laborious \nmecha-inspired mayhem and violent warfare, \nand this offering doesn\u2019t complement the\n\n\n \n\nwell-established story flow of the Code Geass \nfranchise all that well, nor does it hold up \nas a satisfactory standalone piece because so \nmuch of its convoluted plot is dependent on \nthe original source material. Diehard fans \nof Code Geass may want to seek this out, but \nothers can pass. Presented in a dual-language \nBlu-ray/DVD Combo edition, rated TV-14, \nextras include select episode commentaries. \nNot a necessary purchase. (P. Hall)\n\n\nDance with Devils HH \n(2015) 4 discs. 300 min. Blu- \nray/DVD Combo: $64.98. \nFunimation (avail. from most \ndistributors).\n\n\n \n\nThis anime series centers\n\n\n \n\non Ritsuka Tachibana, who \nattends a school featuring a \nfairly unusual student body. Most of her class- \nmates are either devils or vampires, and their \ninterest in Ritsuka stems from their belief that \nshe has knowledge of the whereabouts of a \ngrimoire (sorcery text). Getting Ritsuka to \nconfirm that she knows where the grimoire \nis involves some rather unpleasant business: \nher mother is kidnapped, her grandfather\u2019s \nhome is burned down, and she is physically \nand emotionally assaulted in what feels like \na nonstop attack on her body and soul. Un- \nfortunately, Dance with Devils has so many \nplot twists and convoluted backstories for \nnearly every character that it feels as if five \ndifferent series were sandwiched into this \nsingle production. Perhaps this might have \nstill worked if Ritsuka was resourceful or even \nsympathetic, but she is presented here as a \ncipher and this creates a personality void at \nthe center of this stylishly animated series. \nPresenting all 12 episodes from 2015 in a \ndual-language Blu-ray/DVD Combo edition, \nrated TV-14, extras include episode commen- \ntaries. Optional. (P. Hall)\n\n\n \n\nHanda-kun: The \nComplete Series HHH \n(2016) 4 discs. 300 min. Blu- \nray/DVD Combo: $64.99.\n\n\nFunimation (avail. from most \ndistributors).\n\n\n \n\nTeenager Sei Handa has \nsomething like a mythic rock-star/athlete \nstatus in school because of his penmanship \nand renderings. Yet, for some reason, he \nconstantly misconstrues the hero-worship as \nbullying and underhanded malice. In individ- \nual episodes, a geeky street-poet tries to gain \npopularity by impersonating Handa; Handa \nhelps a shy student librarian revitalize her col- \nlection (she becomes hopelessly obsessed with \nhim, like all of the co-eds); and Handa is cast \nin a play for a culture festival. In the opener, \nHanda\u2019s worshipful corps (the \u201cHanda Force\u201d) \nof admirers are so busy discussing the new an- \nime that there isn\u2019t enough time to finish the \nepisode. These metafiction touches make for a \nfairly funny series. Presenting all 12 episodes \nfrom 2016 in a dual-language Blu-ray/DVD\n\n\n \n\nCombo edition, rated TV-14, extras include \nan episode commentary. Recommended. \n(C. Cassady)\n\n\n \n\n# Hyouka: Part One HH\n\n\n \n\n(2012) 4 discs. 300 min. Blu- \nray/DVD Combo: $59.98. \nFunimation (avail. from most \ndistributors).\n\n\n \n\nThis anime series focuses\n\n\n \n\non a group of high school \nstudents who engage in \nsolving mysteries. The central character is \nHoutarou Oreki, who joins the school\u2019s classic \nliterature club when it faces closure for lack \nof activity. Houtarou and three of the club\u2019s \nmembers\u2014Eru Chitanda, Satoshi Fukube, \nand Mayaka Ibara\u2014initially engage in a rath- \ner mild mystery of determining how someone \nwithout a key could gain access to a locked \nclub room, but the series then graduates into \na prolonged storyline involving mysteries \nsurrounding Eru\u2019s uncle and missing books \nfrom the school\u2019s library. Following successful \nresolutions, the four students are recruited by \nclassmates to explore a situation involving a \nfilm script authored by a writer who became \nill and abandoned the work before it was \ncompleted. Hyouka is a rare anime centering \non teens facing intellectual challenges (not \naliens and robots). Unfortunately, it\u2019s also \na bit dull\u2014the storylines meander, and the \nultimate payoffs to the mysteries are not \nexactly mind-bending. Presenting the first \n11 episodes from 2012 in a dual-language \nBlu-ray/DVD Combo edition, rated TV-14, \nextras include a bonus OVA. Optional. [Note: \nHyouka: Part Two is also newly available.] \n(P. Hall)\n\n\n \n\nIn This Corner of the \nWorld HHH\n\n\n \n\n(2016) 128 min. DVD: $16.99, \nBlu-ray/DVD Combo: $22.99. \nShout! Factory (avail. from \nmost distributors).\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2776871, "type": "text", "content": "to finally admit their feelings. Unfortunately, \nuntil a telegraphed hospital twist at the end, \nwatching this anime\u2014which takes place over \nthe course of a single year\u2014feels very slow-go- \ning, and too much repetitive animation is \nspent in having characters (who can be oth- \nerwise charming) simply running from place \nto place. Presenting all 12 episodes from 2017 \nin a dual-language Blu-ray/DVD Combo set, \nrated TV-14, this high school romance series \nscores some points for realistically depicting \nfriendship, but considerable flaws make it an \noptional purchase. (L. Martincik)\n\n\n \n\n# Den-Noh Coil: Complete \nCollection HHH\n\n\n \n\n(2007) 3 discs. 650 min. Blu- \nray: $89.99. Maiden Japan \n(avail. from most distributors).\n\n\n \n\nThe success of the virtu-\n\n\n \n\nal-reality game Pokemon GO \nadds depth to this award-winning but oft- \nopaque 2007 Japanese TV series, which feels \ndisquietingly ahead of its time. In near-future \nJapan, Daikoku City looks drab but is actually \nrich with digitally projected \u201ce-spaces\u201d that \nare full of software-based constructs and \ncontrol panels that are visible and accessible \nto users of special glasses. Only late in the \nnarrative do viewers learn that primarily it is \nchildren\u2019s minds that can access the synthetic \nparallel universe. And so it\u2019s a playground for \nyoung Yasako and her elementary-school co- \nhorts, some of whom are involved in Yasako\u2019s \ntech-savvy granny\u2019s \u201ccyber detective agency\u201d \nthat helps find lost digital pets and solve other \nenigmas. But a deeper, darker side to the tech- \nnology concerns urban legends of dangerous \noff-limits e-spaces, unauthorized AI life-forms \n(aka \u201cillegals\u201d), corporate crime, a phan- \ntom hacker named Michiko with a Slender \nMan-like reputation, and even rumors that \nhumans (or their souls) can be imprisoned in \nonline limbo. Ultimately a desperate struggle \nensues to try to liberate missing victims. Even \nwith a mid-episode-cycle recap, this is denser \nand more confusing than The Matrix, but the \nvisuals by renowned anime studio Madhouse \ncoupled with the series\u2019 high reputation make \nit a winner, overall. Compiling all 26 episodes \nin a dual-language Blu-ray edition, rated TV- \n14, this is recommended. (C. Cassady)\n\n\n \n\norb, replays a day over and over to turn him- \nself into her savior and help her run away. \nThe original Japanese title translates to \u201cFire- \nworks, Should We See It from the Side Or the \nBottom?\u201d, a reference to a tiresome argument \nbetween the boys over whether fireworks are \nflat or round when they explode, but a more \ndescriptive title would be \u201cI Wish,\u201d which is \nwhat Nazuna says before throwing the orb \nto reboot the story and start again. Fireworks \nis from the producer of Your Name (VL-3/18), \nanother romantic drama with elements of \nfantasy, sci-fi, and time travel, but it lacks the \ndepth of character and emotional nuance of \nthat earlier film. Nazuna is a passive figure \nwhose own story is barely explored and Nori- \nmichi himself has little dimension. And the \nboys indulge in mean-spirited sexism when \nthey harass a large-breasted teacher, which is \nnever addressed. Presented in a dual-language \nedition on separate DVD and DVD/Blu-ray \nCombo releases, suitable for 13-up, extras \ninclude a featurette on the English voice cast. \nOptional, at best. (S. Axmaker)\n\n\n \n\nGamers! The Complete \nSeries HH1/2\n\n\n# Fireworks HH\n\n\n \n\n(2017) 4 discs. 300 min. Blu- \nray/DVD Combo: $64.99. \nFunimation (avail. from most \ndistributors).\n\n\n(2017) 91 min. DVD: $16.99, \nBlu-ray/DVD Combo: $26.99. \nShout! Factory (avail. from \nmost distributors). SDH \ncaptioned.\n\n\n \n\nShy junior high student \nNorimichi and his outgoing \nbest friend Yusuke both fall for Nazuna, the \nenigmatic new girl in their school, in this \n2017 anime feature that combines school- \nage romance, sci-fi, and fantasy. Nazuna is \nconfident and smart but also vulnerable and \nunhappy, and Norimichi, aided by a magical\n\n\n \n\nKeita Amano is a friend-\n\n\n \n\nless high-schooler con- \nsumed by video-gaming, in which \u201cdating \nsims\u201d provide him with all the female com- \npanionship he thinks he can attain. His joy \nis boundless when radiant, popular blonde \nclassmate Karen Tendo reveals that she is a \ncloset gamer and invites him to join her in \nthe student games club. Yet Keita turns her \ndown\u2014repeatedly\u2014on the \u00fcber-nerd basis \nthat their games aren\u2019t to his liking. The \nsurprise refusal only makes a shaken Karen \nredouble her efforts to lure Keita into the club, \ninspiring a very tentative romance. Mean- \nwhile, other club members have their own di- \nlemmas with clingy or non-gamer girlfriends, \nand much of this juvenile rom-com series \ninvolves gossipy talk over incipient triangles, \ndate etiquette, potential matchmaking, and \ndeep-dharma video game issues, such as \nwhether characters visualized in ultra-cute \n\u201cmoe\u201d artwork have hurt the Japanese game \nindustry. While other anime series concerned \nwith video games depict the joystick experi- \nence in high-fantasy total immersion specta- \ncle, this one remains rooted in the mundane \nworld, sometimes even switching the low-key \naction to board games, as the plot (based on \nserialized novels) dictates. Viewers who dial \ndown their expectations to something akin \nto an otaku Whit Stillman screenplay may \nenjoy the savvy chatter. A closing episode \nfeatures softcore bathing nudity as heroines \ndiscuss \u201cdeviant\u201d qualities in games, which \nis apparently the joke. Presenting all 12 epi- \nsodes from 2017 in a dual-language Blu-ray/\n\n\n \n\nDVD Combo set, rated TV-14, this is a strong \noptional purchase. (C. Cassady)\n\n\n \n\nGaro: Vanishing Line, \nPart I HHH1/2\n\n\n \n\n(2017) 4 discs. 300 min. Blu- \nray/DVD Combo: $64.99. \nFunimation (avail. from most \ndistributors).\n\n\n \n\nThe focus of this anime \nseries is Sword, a knight who \nholds the title of Garo the Golden Knight. \nSword, who lives in the dystopian environ- \nment of Russell City, travels by motorcycle \nand fights against \u201cHorrors,\u201d which are evil \nspirits that can possess humans and create \ngruesome havoc. Sword teams with Sophie, a \nred-haired teenager searching for clues about \nher missing brother. Both Sword and Sophie \nare aware of the phrase \u201cEl Dorado,\u201d which \nis a keystone to a greater mystery that drives \nthe mayhem surrounding them. The series \nfeatures inventive plot twists, including the \nuse of rain-making bullets that can erase \nmemories from those who are caught under \nits downpour. Sword is almost a poster boy for \ntoxic masculinity, while additional character \nGina is a bad girl who has a soft spot for Sword \nand helps him in his work. Compiling the \nfirst 12 episodes from 2017 in a dual-language \nBlu-ray/DVD Combo set, rated TV-MA, this \nbriskly-paced, witty, violent, and artistically \nanimated series is recommended. [Note: Garo: \nVanishing Line, Part 2 is also newly available.] \n(P. Hall)\n\n\n \n\nGatchaman Crowds: \nComplete Series, \nSeasons 1+2 HH1/2\n\n\n \n\n(2013) 4 discs. 615 min. Blu- \nray: $99.99. Sentai Filmworks \n(avail. from most distributors).\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1722415, "type": "html", "content": "<br><p id='160' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>the Gekko rebels is not enthusiastically wel-<br>comed. While Eureka Seven deserves praise for<br>its thrilling mecha dogfight sequences and<br>the imaginative nature of its sci-fi storyline,<br>its real strength lies in bringing a genuine<br>love story to the center of the action. The<br>relationship between Renton and Eureka<br>is compelling and charming, with the pair<br>forming a genuine emotional bond that<br>adds a depth and scope that is lacking in<br>many anime protagonists. There is also a<br>remarkably mature subplot rivalry between<br>Renton and Holland, a would-be suitor of<br>Eureka\u2014sparking a romantic triangle that<br>leads to Renton leaving Gekkostate, a move<br>that creates unexpected developments as the<br>story hurtles towards a superb cliffhanger.<br>Presenting the first 26 episodes from 2005 in<br>separately available dual-language DVD and<br>Blu-ray editions, rated TV-14, extras include<br>audio commentaries, and interviews with<br>voice actors. Highly recommended. [Note:<br>Eureka Seven: Part Two is also newly avail-<br>able.] (P. Hall)</p>\n<br><p id='161' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The Familiar of Zero:<br>Complete Collection<br>HHH</p>\n<br><p id='162' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(2006) 325 min. DVD: 3<br>discs, $49.98; Blu-ray: 2 discs,<br>$59.98. Sentai Filmworks<br>(avail. from most distributors).<br>ISBN: 978-1-6161-5503-2<br>(dvd), 978-1-6161-5504-9<br>(blu-ray).</p>\n<br><p id='163' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Misfit kids find trouble and intrigue at a<br>magical school for budding wizards. Sound<br>familiar? If cynics can stop making Harry<br>Potter/Worst Witch comparisons (and there\u2019s<br>a Dumbledore-lookalike headmaster), The<br>Familiar of Zero is a fairly entertaining com-<br>ics-derived series. On the distant planet of<br>Halkeginia, where magic-wielders form an<br>imperious ruling class (everyone else are<br>\u201cpeasants\u201d), Louise is a nobly-descended<br>schoolgirl at Tristain Academy of Magic<br>whose spells chronically go awry. When the<br>student mages summon their permanent<br>\u201cfamiliars\u201d (i.e. magical creatures/helpmates),<br>Louise scandalizes both her peers and herself<br>by materializing an ordinary boy\u2014bewil-<br>dered teen Hiraga Saito, who is teleported<br>from Tokyo. Saito adapts poorly to treatment<br>as an abused servant in the alien culture, but<br>in typical harem-comedy fashion he winds<br>up being an object of affection and seduction<br>for comely girls at the Academy, including his<br>\u201cmaster\u201d\u2014temperamental, possessive Louise<br>(and Saito may actually possess latent magic<br>mojo himself). The saucier elements (Saito<br>must wash Louise\u2019s lingerie, emphasis on<br>panties) are not too grating, a minor magi-<br>cal feat in itself. Compiling all 13 episodes<br>from the 2006 first season in separately<br>available dual-language DVD and Blu-ray<br>editions, rated TV-14, this is recommended.<br>(C. Cassady)</p>\n<br><figure><img id='164' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(684,659); bottom-right:(804,822)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='165' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>From the New World,<br>Collection 1 HHH1/2</p>\n<br><p id='166' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(2012) 325 min. DVD: 3<br>discs, $59.98; Blu-ray: 2 discs,<br>$69.98. Sentai Filmworks<br>(avail. from most distributors).<br>ISBN: 978-1-6161-5505-6<br>(dvd), 978-1-6161-5506-3<br>(blu-ray).</p>\n<br><figure><img id='167' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1047,133); bottom-right:(1165,297)\" /></figure>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 208652, "type": "html", "content": "<br><p id='67' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>popular contemporary prac-<br>titioners of J-horror, but this<br>anime anthology featuring<br>adaptations of 24 of his<br>stories will likely disappoint<br>both fans and newcomers.<br>On the printed page, Ito\u2019s<br>sinister images can have a<br>deliciously creepy effect, but while a few of<br>the tales included in this series (\u201cSlug Girl\u201d<br>and \u201cShiver,\u201d for example) remain genuinely<br>unsettling, most have lost a good deal of their<br>impact in mediocre animated form, partially<br>due to visual repetition but also because the<br>narratives\u2014which usually involve a super-<br>natural power unleashed against a terrified<br>protagonist\u2014are one-note affairs, featuring<br>an abundance of sequences in which victims<br>are pursued endlessly through forest and<br>streets by various evil entities. The majority<br>of the tales are standalone entries, although<br>two focus on a strange student named Souichi<br>who uses punishing magic to address grudges<br>held against classmates, and one features an<br>appearance by Ito\u2019s most famous character\u2014<br>Tomie, a manipulative girl who feeds on oth-<br>ers to maintain her immortality. Although<br>the Junji Ito Collection can be applauded for<br>bringing the work of a well-regarded mangaka<br>to a wide audience in a new form, its execu-<br>tion leaves much to be desired. Presenting<br>all 12 episodes from 2018 in a dual-language<br>Blu-ray edition, rated TV-MA, extras include<br>two OVAs. Optional. (F. Swietek)</p>\n<br><p id='68' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Kakuriyo\u2014Bed &<br>Breakfast for Spirits,<br>Part One: Episodes 1-13<br>HH1/2</p>\n<br><p id='69' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(2018) 2 discs. 325 min. Blu-<br>ray: $64.99. Funimation (avail.<br>from most distributors).</p>\n<br><figure><img id='70' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1051,865); bottom-right:(1167,1015)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='71' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Romantic and supernatural elements com-<br>bine in this anime series based on the light<br>novel-manga series by Midori Yuma. Aoi in-<br>herited her late grandfather\u2019s ability to see the<br>supernatural spirits\u2014or ayakashi\u2014who visit<br>the human realm. After assisting one who<br>wears a distinctive mask, Aoi is kidnapped<br>and taken to the ayakashi world, where hand-<br>some innkeeper ogre Odanna tells her that<br>her grandfather offered her as a wife to him<br>in payment of a debt. She refuses to marry<br>Odanna, preferring to work off the debt, and<br>eventually opens a successful restaurant. Aoi<br>encounters spirits\u2014like shape-shifter Ginji\u2014<br>who become her allies, as well as others who<br>see her as a dangerous interloper, while also<br>constantly trying to determine who might be<br>the masked figure she originally met. Kakuriyo<br>boasts a few moments of suspense, but the<br>series is mostly a fairly lighthearted portrait,<br>with such a heavy emphasis on Aoi\u2019s kitchen<br>prowess it could sometimes be mistaken for<br>a cooking show. Although the animation is<br>routine, the show benefits from an engaging<br>premise and a parade of peculiar characters.</p>\n<footer id='72' style='font-size:14px'>S E P T E M B E R / O C T O B E R 2 0 1 9</footer>\n<br><footer id='73' style='font-size:14px'>V I D E O L I B R A R I A N</footer>\n<br><footer id='74' style='font-size:14px'>63</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 208651, "type": "html", "content": "<br><p id='59' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>map that stretched across the bodies of 24<br>escaped prisoners. When Goto is killed by<br>a bear, Saichi discovers one of the maps on<br>Goto\u2019s body. Saichi then meets a young Ainu<br>girl named Asirpa, who confirms the tale and<br>reveals that her father was among those slain<br>for their gold. Saichi and Asirpa, joined by a<br>rare Hokkaido wolf named Retar, search out<br>the escaped prisoners with the map tattoos on<br>an adventure that is full of peril and danger.<br>Golden Kamuy has everything working in its<br>favor: a superior storyline, excellent anima-<br>tion, fully textured characters, and a genuine<br>sense of historical perspective mixed with<br>a respectful consideration of Ainu culture.<br>Presenting all 12 episodes from the 2018<br>debut season in a dual-language Blu-ray/DVD<br>Combo set, rated TV-MA, extras include 12<br>bonus animated shorts. Highly recommend-<br>ed. [Note: Golden Kamuy, Season Two is slated<br>for release on Oct. 15.] (P. Hall)</p>\n<br><p id='60' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Haruchika\u2014Haruta &<br>Chika: The Complete<br>Series HHH</p>\n<br><p id='61' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(2016) 2 discs. 300 min. In<br>Japanese w/English subtitles.<br>Blu-ray: $29.99. Funimation<br>(avail. from most distributors).</p>\n<br><figure><img id='62' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(690,600); bottom-right:(807,734)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='63' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Based on a novel series, this teen-class-<br>room drama would appear on the surface<br>to be largely music-oriented but is actually<br>comprised of a set of modest-scale myster-<br>ies. Athletic co-ed Chika changes her goals<br>when she sees an orchestra performing and<br>decides that she would rather be a \u201ccute<br>girl\u201d flute player (despite having no musical<br>background) than a volleyball champ. For-<br>tunately, the underpopulated student band<br>society needs members, so they accept her.<br>Chika bonds in odd-couple fashion with the<br>gay French horn player leading the group,<br>Haruta. Both of them have a crush on music<br>teacher Mr. Kusakabe\u2014who mysteriously<br>abandoned a successful conducting career<br>for this obscure post\u2014and want to turn the<br>club into a first-class competitive ensemble<br>to honor him. The process of recruiting new<br>instrumentalists and securing practice space<br>invariably plunges Haruta, Chika, and their<br>bandmates into solving enigmas, dilemmas,<br>and scandals involving their schoolmates\u2019<br>cloistered personal lives\u2014puzzles that are<br>unlocked by Haruta thanks to his Sherlockian<br>sleuthing talents and encyclopedic knowl-<br>edge. Haruchika is a cleverly written offbeat<br>series that spawned a live-action adaptation<br>in 2017. Presenting all 12 episodes from 2016<br>in a Blu-ray/DVD Combo set, in Japanese<br>with English subtitles, rated TV-14, this is<br>recommended. (C. Cassady)</p>\n<br><p id='64' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Junji Ito Collection: The Complete Series<br>HH</p>\n<br><p id='65' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(2018) 2 discs. 300 min. Blu-ray: $64.99.<br>Funimation (avail. from most distributors).</p>\n<br><p id='66' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Manga artist Junji Ito is one of the most</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1722285, "type": "text", "content": "and owl. Compiling all 105 episodes from the \n1972-74 series (along with three previously \nunreleased OVAs) in a dual-language set, rated \nTV-PG, extras include audio commentaries \nand behind-the-scenes featurettes. A hand- \nsomely presented old-school classic anime, \nthis is highly recommended. (C. Cassady)\n\n\n \n\n# Maria Holic Alive: \nComplete Collection \nHHH\n\n\n \n\n(2011) 300 min. DVD: 3 \ndiscs, $59.98; Blu-ray: 2 discs, \n$69.98. Sentai Filmworks \n(avail. from most distributors). \nISBN: 978-1-6161-5447-9 (dvd), \n978-1-6161-5448-6 (blu-ray).\n\n\nDespite frequent lesbian references\u2014in- \ncluding a hilarious opening anthem sung by a \npriest (!)\u2014the raunch quotient is pretty tame \nfor the madcap Maria Holic anime comedy \nseries (of which Alive is the second episode \ncycle). Kanako Miyamae, a \u201cyuri girl\u201d teen \nlesbian who literally has allergic reactions to \nmales, enrolls in the Catholic-run all-female \nAme Kisaki Girls\u2019 Academy in order to sate her \nSapphic urges. But nothing ever happens for \nher, except chronic nosebleeds triggered by \nsexual stress. Worse, her roommate Mariya, a \nwealthy blonde with a full-time maid named \nMatsurika, is actually a cross-dressing boy \n(for non-sex-fetish reasons, explained in \nthe first series). Serving up an utterly daffy, \nanything-goes style of humor (reminiscent of \nAmerica\u2019s Aqua Teen Hunger Force), Maria Holic \nAlive mocks Japanese fads and pop-culture, \nturns characters into mecha or SD (super- \ndeformed) versions, and throws in a cameo \nby CSI Miami\u2019s Horatio Caine. Presenting \nall 12 episodes from 2011 in separate dual- \nlanguage DVD and Blu-ray editions, rated \nTV-14, extras include audio commentaries \nby the Japanese vocal cast. Recommended. \n(C. Cassady)\n\n\nPsycho-Pass: Season \nOne, Part One HHH1/2 \n(2012) 4 discs. 275 min. Blu- \nray/DVD Combo: $64.98. \nFunimation (avail. from most \ndistributors). ISBN: 1-4210- \n2855-7.\n\n\n \n\nA century from now in \na world of hologram-based environments, \ndrone-robots, and 3D cosplay avatars, the \nomnipotent Sibyl computer runs brain scans \non the populace, ever vigilant for deviant \nthoughts and personalities. An elite corps \nof inspectors\u2014armed with mind-reading \nguns that can either stun or execute\u2014hunt \nsuch \u201clatent criminals.\u201d Na\u00efve rookie police- \nwoman Akane quickly discovers that officers \naren\u2019t immune either; a cop whose \u201ccrime \ncoefficient\u201d goes too high is demoted to a \npariah caste of \u201cenforcers.\u201d Yet, Akane forms a \nstrong bond with just such a tainted lawman, \nKogami, as they work together on a succes-\n\n\n \n\nsion of sometimes nail-biting homicide \ncases that are linked by a shadowy master \nvillain who mentors murderers in the name \nof free will. The noir-ish material borrows \nliberally from films such as Minority Report \nand The Silence of the Lambs, but this title \nshould also have crossover appeal for fans \nof police procedurals (J.D. Robb\u2019s Eve Dallas \nseries comes to mind). The heavy violence \nhere includes dismemberments, as well \nas briefly bared breasts in gruesome art \ninstallations/murder scenes. Compiling \nthe first 11 episodes from the 2012-13 first \nseason in a dual-language Blu-ray/DVD \nCombo set, rated TV-MA, extras include \naudio commentaries, and interviews with \nthe Japanese production team at a fan \nconvention. Highly recommended. [Note: \nPsycho-Pass: Season One, Part Two is also \nnewly available.] (C. Cassady)\n\n\n \n\nRanma 1/2, Set 1 \nHHH1/2\n\n\n \n\n(2011) 3 discs. 530 min. DVD: \n$44.98, Blu-ray: $54.98. \nViz Media (avail. from most \ndistributors).\n\n\n \n\nTwenty-five years after \nits initial TV appearance, \nRumiko Takahashi\u2019s classic action/comedy/ \nromance anime Ranma 1/2\u2014based on the \nequally popular manga\u2014receives an over- \ndue re-release, with cleaned-up animation \nthat is both sharp and colorful, bringing \nto life character designs that have aged \namazingly well. Ranma Saotome and his \nfather, Genma, arrive in Tokyo following \nlong years of martial arts training in China, \nafter which they visit Genma\u2019s old friend \nSoun Tendo. Before long, a simple marriage \narrangement between Ranma and one of \nSoun\u2019s three daughters grows complicated \ndue to the effects of the mysterious cursed \npools that Ranma and his dad both fell into \nwhile in China, which causes Ranma to \nchange into a girl whenever he encounters \ncold water and Genma to be transformed \ninto a giant panda (hot water changes them \nback, but icy aqua is ridiculously prevalent \nevery where). Ranma\u2019s fianc\u00e9e, Akane, \nchanges her mind, and turns her atten- \ntion to literally fighting off an assortment \nof other suitors. Ranma is also pursued by \nvarious women\u2014each displaying her own \nquirky fighting technique and, like Ranma, \nhaving the highly disconcerting habit of \ntransforming (into, for instance, a cute pig \nand a cat). Confusion and hijinks follow, \nbut the action is always grounded in the \ngrudgingly friendly relationship between \nRanma and Akane. Compiling the first \n23 episodes in a dual-language set, rated \nTV-14 (due to boob flashes and occasional \nstolen panties), extras include a 2012 New \nYork Comic Con highlights reel. Highly \nrecommended. [Note: Ranma 1/2, Set 2 is \nalso newly available.] (L. Martincik)\n\n\n \n\n# Saint Seiya: Sanctuary \nHHH\n\n\n \n\n(2014) 11 discs. 1,721 min. In \nJapanese w/English subtitles. \nDVD: $99.95. Cinedigm \nEntertainment (avail. from \nmost distributors).\n\n\n \n\nThis epic 1986 anime \nseries was first made available on this side of \nthe Pacific in a heavily edited and recklessly \ndubbed Cartoon Network broadcast in 2003 \n(that version, along with the original Japa- \nnese-language offering, was released on DVD \nin 2009, albeit only the first 60 episodes). \nSaint Seiya: Sanctuary is more comprehen- \nsive, compiling the first 73 episodes. The \neponymous saints are Japanese boy warriors \nwho wear sacred armor with designs derived \nfrom constellations. The deity at the center \nof their sacred devotion is the Greek goddess \nAthena, and these modern saints have sworn \nto defend her spirit against rival Hellenic \ndeities. Actually, having Japanese lads engag- \ning in battle on behalf of the pre-Christian \nGreek deities is the least confusing aspect of \nthis noisy and frequently baffling show. But \nwhile the series may be lacking in coherence \nand logic, it more than compensates with \nimaginative and energetic battle sequences. \nPresented in a dual-language set, suitable for \n13-up, this will be a must-watch for classic \nanime addicts. Recommended. (P. Hall)\n\n\n \n\nSay I Love You: Complete \nCollection HHH\n\n\n \n\n(2012) 325 min. DVD: 3 \ndiscs, $59.98; Blu-ray: 2 discs, \n$69.98. Sentai Filmworks \n(avail. from most distributors). \nISBN: 978-1-6161-5427-1 (dvd), \n978-1-6161-5428-8 (blu-ray).\n\n\n \n\nA super-vulnerable rather \nthan super-powered heroine propels this non- \nfantasy youth romance derived from \u201cshojo\u201d \nmanga (girls\u2019-story comics). Mei Tachibana \nis a class loner and mopey outcast in a high- \nschool environment rife with gossip, mean \ngirls, and bullying. She gets her surprise first \nkiss from Yamato Kurosawa\u2014the school\u2019s \nmost popular boy\u2014leading to an impromptu \nrelationship that shakes up the hothouse stu- \ndent mini-society. A ladies\u2019 man since junior \nhigh, yet also good-hearted and sensitive, \nYamato has nonetheless gone from one sweet- \nheart to another, and love-starved Mei fears \nshe\u2019ll just be another of his many exes, so she \nagonizes over whether their togetherness is \nindeed true and lasting. Mei\u2019s neediness and \ntimidity are a bit grating at times, but these \ncharacters have depth\u2014even the farfetched \ntrope of a teen supermodel who abruptly \nenrolls at school as a potential rival for poor \nmelancholy Mei. Although the narrative \nis snail-paced, teen American viewers will \nempathize with the issues here. Presenting all \n13 episodes from 2012 in a dual-language set, \nrated TV-14, extras include comic vignettes. \nRecommended. (C. Cassady)\n\n\nJ U L Y / A U G U S T 2 0 1 4\n\n\n \n69\n\n\n \nV I D E O L I B R A R I A N\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1722414, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='151' style='font-size:20px'>Japanese Anime</h1>\n<h1 id='152' style='font-size:18px'>Ebiten: Complete<br>Collection HH1/2</h1>\n<br><p id='153' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(2012) 2 discs. 250 min. DVD:<br>$49.98, Blu-ray: $59.98. Sentai<br>Filmworks (avail. from most<br>distributors). ISBN: 978-1-6161-<br>5498-1 (dvd), 978-1-6161-<br>5499-8 (blu-ray).</p>\n<br><figure><img id='154' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(329,133); bottom-right:(445,296)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='155' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Not unlike the Scary Movie<br>series, this is a burlesque mishmash drawing<br>upon Japanese fantasy, sci-fi, anime, manga,<br>and TV shows, referencing and spoofing<br>Ultra Seven, DragonBall Z, Megazone 23, Sailor<br>Moon, K-On!, and just about everything in<br>between. An underpopulated high school<br>student-stargazing society composed of<br>BFF girls (thus the nickname \u201cAsstronomi-<br>cal Club\u201d) is so irrelevant on campus that<br>its faculty advisor is a distracted teacher\u2019s<br>cat. The group faces closure due to a lack<br>of members and the fact that they really<br>don\u2019t accomplish much. The parody-strewn<br>episodes (copying even the artwork style and<br>theme songs of the material being satirized)<br>largely center on the young ladies\u2014drawn in<br>hyper-cute \u201cmoe\u201d style\u2014embracing and/or<br>tormenting would-be recruits, especially<br>freshman Itsuki, who is really a boy, forced to<br>cross-dress to maintain the female status quo.<br>Itsuki also has a secret secondary personality<br>as a supervillain (foretold by Nostradamus),<br>who is plotting to Take Over the World<br>with pheromones. In a meta-epilogue, our<br>heroines invade the very anime and manga<br>studios creating them. Given the mission of<br>sending up anime clich\u00e9s, one should not be<br>surprised at the \u201cfan service\u201d panty flashes,<br>breast gropes, gratuitous nudity, and gay-les-<br>bian tropes trotted out. Almost none of this is<br>meant to be taken seriously, although it could<br>have cult mojo amongst more knowledge-<br>able anime fans. Compiling all 10 episodes<br>(and an OVA) from 2012 in separate Blu-ray<br>and DVD editions, in Japanese with English<br>subtitles, rated TV-MA, extras include bonus<br>shorts and music videos. A strong optional<br>purchase. (C. Cassady)</p>\n<br><h1 id='156' style='font-size:18px'>Eureka Seven: Part One<br>HHH1/2</h1>\n<br><p id='157' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(2005) 650 min. DVD: 5<br>discs, $34.98; Blu-ray: 4 discs,<br>$44.98. Funimation (avail.<br>from most distributors). ISBN:<br>1-4210-2792-5 (dvd).</p>\n<br><figure><img id='158' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(329,1137); bottom-right:(445,1299)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='159' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Teenager Renton is a me-<br>chanic in a dreary, isolated town, which is<br>particularly maddening for the lad, since<br>Renton\u2019s father was part of a rebel pilot<br>squadron called Gekkostate. A fortuitous<br>visit by the beautiful Eureka (who, in typical<br>anime fashion, literally falls out of the sky)<br>sets off a chain of events that allows Renton<br>to live out his dreams as a Gekkostate pilot.<br>However, the dream come true also leads to<br>new and unexpected hazards\u2014especially<br>when Renton finds that his presence among</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 126136, "type": "html", "content": "<br><p id='62' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>This anime series\u2019 second season wades<br>into X-Men territory with its lineup of Con-<br>tractors\u2014able to perform supernatural<br>feats\u2014hired as assassins by governments and<br>corporations. Taking place two years after the<br>initial run\u2019s mayhem, the focus is now on a<br>Russian teenager named Suo Pavlichenko,<br>whose scientist father is murdered and whose<br>twin brother, a physically disabled Contrac-<br>tor, has mysteriously disappeared. Suo joins<br>forces with Hei to locate her mother, and<br>the tension between bratty young Suo and<br>the older and taciturn Hei offers a strange<br>True Grit\u2013style vibe amidst a narrative full of<br>conspiracies, traps, and unsavory yet colorful<br>characters. This is a convoluted and some-<br>what murky story, but viewers can simply<br>enjoy the moody animation and frequent<br>bursts of imaginative energy. Presenting 12<br>episodes originally aired in 2007 (plus OVAs),<br>extras on this dual-language set, rated TV-MA,<br>include select audio commentaries. A strong<br>optional purchase. (P. Hall)</p>\n<figure><img id='63' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(327,869); bottom-right:(444,1034)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='64' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Fairy Tail, Part 1<br>HHH1/2</p>\n<br><figure><img id='65' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(685,137); bottom-right:(802,297)\" /></figure>\n<p id='66' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(2009) 4 discs. 300 min. Blu-<br>ray/DVD Combo: $54.98.<br>Funimation (avail. from most<br>distributors). ISBN: 1-4210-<br>2378-4.</p>\n<br><p id='67' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Magic is a serious (and<br>often humorous) business enterprise in this<br>winning fantasy series. In the kingdom of<br>Fiore, sorcerers have systematized and regu-<br>lated the black art, forming guilds to better<br>ply their trade as they take on freelance as-<br>signments. Teen wizard Lucy aspires to join<br>one of these organizations\u2014the illustrious<br>Fairy Tail. She gets her chance after being<br>rescued from slavers by Natsu and his flying<br>blue cat, Happy, both Fairy Tail members.<br>Natsu is, in fact, a mighty \u201cfire wizard\u201d and<br>was raised by a dragon\u2014although, despite his<br>hot-headed courage, he suffers from chronic<br>motion sickness. Lucy soon learns that most<br>of the Fairy Tail mages have similar quirks<br>(and a tendency to cause major property<br>damage during monster battles). Fairy Tail\u2019s<br>colorful but economical animation harkens<br>back to the popular Hiro Mashima manga<br>series from which it derives, with spelled-out<br>sound effects and gag labels. Compiling 12<br>episodes from 2009 on a dual-language set,<br>rated TV-14, extras include audio commentar-<br>ies from the English-language cast. Highly<br>recommended. [Note: Fairy Tail, Part 2 and<br>Part 3 are also newly available, with Part 4<br>slated for release on Mar. 20.] (C. Cassady)</p>\n<br><p id='68' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Revolutionary Girl Utena:<br>The Black Rose Saga<br>HH1/2</p>\n<br><p id='69' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(1997) 3 discs. 300 min.<br>DVD: $49.99. The Right Stuf<br>International (avail. from most<br>distributors). ISBN: 1-57032-<br>705-X.</p>\n<br><figure><img id='70' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1051,133); bottom-right:(1164,279)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='71' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(685,808); bottom-right:(802,962)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='72' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>This anime offering from director Kuni-<br>hiko Ikuhara is the second part of a series<br>involving the unlikely adventures of Utena<br>Tenjou, an orphaned girl who grows up to<br>attend the Ohtori military academy, dresses<br>in a male uniform, and wins the love of<br>Anthy, a rival\u2019s girlfriend. In this part of the<br>saga, Utena encounters new foes: duelists<br>who wear rings featuring a black rose (Utena<br>has her own red-rose ring, given to her by<br>a mysterious prince when she was a child).<br>These opponents report to Souji Mikage, who<br>uses a funky type of mind control that claims<br>victims who share their deepest hatreds with<br>him. Needless to say, Utena is seen as the<br>stumbling block in Souji\u2019s attempt to not<br>only spread his malice across Ohtori but also<br>kill Anthy. As in Revolutionary Girl Utena: The<br>Student Council Saga (VL-11/11), this follow-up<br>takes a mature approach to gender roles and<br>sexuality without ever becoming exploit-<br>ative or smutty. Unfortunately, Souji is not<br>a particularly memorable villain. Compiling<br>episodes 13\u201324 in a dual-language set, rated<br>16-up, DVD extras include interviews, and art<br>galleries. A strong optional purchase. [Note:<br>Revolutionary Girl Utena: The Apocalypse Saga<br>is also newly available.] (P. Hall)</p>\n<br><p id='73' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Trigun: Badlands Rumble<br>HHH</p>\n<br><p id='74' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(2011) 137 min. DVD: 2 discs,<br>$29.98; Blu-ray: $34.98.<br>Funimation (avail. from most<br>distributors). ISBN: 1-4210-<br>2417-9 (dvd), 1-4210-2418-7<br>(blu-ray).</p>\n<br><p id='75' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>This feature-length anime title reboots<br>the popular Trigun series that debuted in<br>1998, featuring anti-hero/anti-violent gun-<br>fighter Vash the Stampede and behemoth<br>bank robber Gasback. The story opens with<br>Vash stumbling into one of Gasback\u2019s bank<br>heists and interfering with its execution;<br>during the ensuing melee, Gasback\u2019s col-<br>leagues double-cross him. A 20-year flash-<br>forward finds Gasback seeking revenge on<br>his now-wealthy former comrades, who are<br>living comfortably in a boomtown called<br>Macca City. Gasback, however, has his own<br>problems: namely, a small army of bounty<br>hunters seeking to collect a $300 million<br>prize for his capture, dead or alive (prefer-<br>ably the former, all things considered).<br>Fans of Vash\u2019s peculiar shtick will enjoy his<br>return here. Presented on a dual-language<br>disc, rated TV-14, extras include cast and<br>crew interviews and a behind-the-scenes<br>featurette. Recommended. (P. Hall)</p>\n<br><figure><img id='76' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1047,905); bottom-right:(1166,1065)\" /></figure>\n<footer id='77' style='font-size:14px'>V I D E O L I B R A R I A N</footer>\n<br><footer id='78' style='font-size:14px'>84</footer>\n<br><footer id='79' style='font-size:14px'>M A R C H / A P R I L 2 0 1 2</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}]	Explain how the extras included with each anime series enhance the viewing experience, considering their format and content.	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 215, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["format reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 2049756, "type": "text", "content": "FIGURE 43. When stable air (left) is forced upward, the air tends to retain\nhorizontal flow, and any cloudiness is flat and \nstratified. When unstable air is forced upward, the disturbance grows, and any\nresulting cloudiness shows extensive ver \ntical development.\n\n\nInitial lifting to trigger a cumuli form cloud may \nbe the same as that for lifting stable air. In addi \ntion, convection may be set off by surface heating \n(chapter 4). Air may be unstable or slightly stable \nbefore condensation occurs; but for convective \ncumuliform clouds to develop, it must be unstable \nafter saturation. Cooling in the updraft is now at \nthe slower moist adiabatic rate because of the re \nlease of latent heat of condensation. Temperature \nin the saturated updraft is warmer than ambient \ntemperature, and convection is spontaneous. Up \ndrafts accelerate until temperature within the cloud \ncools below the ambient temperature. This condi \ntion occurs where the unstable layer is capped by \na stable layer often marked by a temperature in \nversion. Vertical heights range from the shallow \nfair weather cumulus to the giant thunderstorm \ncumulonimbus-the ultimate in atmospheric in \nstability capped by the tropopause.\n\n\n \n\nYou can estimate height of cumuliform cloud \nbases using surface temperature-dew point spread. \nUnsaturated air in a convective current cools at \nabout 5.4\u00b0 F (3.0\u00b0 C) per 1,000 feet; dew point \ndecreases at about 1 \u00b0 F (5/9\u00b0 C). Thus, in a con \nvective current, temperature and dew point con-\n\n\n \n\nverge at about 4.4\u00b0 F (2.5\u00b0 C) per 1,000 feet as \nillustrated in figure 44. We can get a quick estimate \nof a convective cloud base in thousands of feet by \nrounding these values and dividing into the spread \nor by multiplying the spread by their reciprocals. \nWhen using Fahrenheit, divide by 4 or multiply \nby .25; when using Celsius, divide by 2.2 or multi \nply by .45. This method of estimating is reliable \nonly with instability clouds and during the warmer \npart of the day.\n\n\n \n\nWhen unstable air lies above stable air, convec \ntive currents aloft sometimes form middle and high \nlevel cumuliform clouds. In relatively shallow lay \ners they occur as altocumulus and ice crystal cirro \ncumulus clouds. Altocumulus castellanus clouds \ndevelop in deeper midlevel unstable layers.\n\n\n \n\nM erging Stratiform and Cumuliform\n\n\n \n\nA layer of stratiform clouds may sometimes form \nin a mildly stable layer while a few ambitious con \nvective clouds penetrate the layer thus merging \nstratiform with cumuliform. Convective clouds may \nbe almost or entirely embedded in a massive strati \nform layer and pose an unseen threat to instrument \nflight.\n\n\n51\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1073326, "type": "text", "content": "L e s s o n s f r o m R e c e n t R e s e a r c h i n t o F i r e i n t h e H\ni g h C o u n t r y : \nC h e c k l i s t f o r F i r e O b s e r v e r s\n\n\n# PYRO-CONVECTION PHENOMENA\n\n\n \n\n# Event (14) Cloud Forms in convection column\n\n\n# AIR OBSERVER:\n\n\n \n\n21\n\n\nThis photo shows a sylvicultural prescribed burn under way (hidden \nbehind Mt Stromlo). A number of key points can be seen as the \nconvection column rises above the fire.\n\n\n \n\n1\\. The smoke initially rises and mixes with the surrounding air. \n2\\. At the LCL, a cloud forms, but leaves behind a large fraction of \nthe smoke. Note that the LCL there reflects the DP within the \nplume, which incorporates moisture generated during biomass \ncombustion. In the photo the cloud base within the plume is \nthus well below that in the surrounding air. \n3\\. The smoke spreads out in a layer at the LCL. \n4\\. The pyro-Cu cloud rises for a considerable distance above the \nLCL.\n\n\n21 Photo: McRae. \n149.07\u00b0 -35.32\u00b0 looking W. 15th May 2006, 14:00 AEST.\n\n\n26\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 83862, "type": "text", "content": "September 2014 The Group for Earth Observation GEO Quarterly No 43\n\n\nwww.geo-web.org.uk 17\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1073329, "type": "text", "content": "L e s s o n s f r o m R e c e n t R e s e a r c h i n t o F i r e i n t h e H\ni g h C o u n t r y : \nC h e c k l i s t f o r F i r e O b s e r v e r s\n\n\n# PYRO-CONVECTION PHENOMENA\n\n\n \n\n# Event (15) Cloud forms while convection column still \nresisting mixing.\n\n\n# AIR OBSERVER OR FIELD OBSERVER:\n\n\nT his photo shows a major pyro-Cu forming in the plume on the \nsouthern edge of the Stockyard Fire. A smoke ring is visible at the LCL, \nand smoke below that is dark coloured and dense. While the smoke \nplume is clearly wind-driven, the pyro-Cu exhibits strong vertical \ndevelopment above that.\n\n\n \n\nIMPLICATIONS:\n\n\n24 Photo: NSW NPWS from Long Plain, Kosciuszko National Park. \n148.7\u00b0 -35.7\u00b0, looking E at about 14:00 AEDST 18th January 2003.\n\n\n \n29\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2049881, "type": "text", "content": "FIGURE 1:>2. Altocumulus castell anus clouds are middle level convective\nclouds. Most often, they develop in an unstable \nlayer aloft, and thermals do not extend from the ground upward to these\nclouds. Convection with these clouds may be \nused for lift if the pilot is able to attain altitude to the base of the\nunstable layer. Smoke lying near the ground indicates \nstability in the lower levels.\n\n\n\"Heat and Temperature\"). Some flat areas with \nwet soil such as swamps and tidewater areas have \nreputations for being poor thermal soaring areas. \nConvective clouds may be abundant but thermals \ngenerally are weak.\n\n\n \n\nShowery precipitation from scattered cumulus or \ncumulonimbus is a sure sign of unstable air favor \nable for thermals. But when showers have soaked \nthe ground in localized areas, downdrafts are al \nmost certain over these wet surfaces. Avoid shower \nsoaked areas when looking for lift.\n\n\n \n\nSo much for locating thermals. A pilot can also \nenhance his soaring skill by knowing what goes on \nwithin a thermal.\n\n\n \n\n# THERMAL STRUCTURE\n\n\n \n\nThermals are as varied as trees in a forest. No \ntwo are exactly alike. When surface heating is in \ntense and continuous, a thermal, once begun, con \ntinues for a prolonged period in a steady column\n\n\n \n\nas in figure 153. Sometimes called the \"chimney \nthermal,\" this type seems from experience to be \nmost prevalent. In the chimney thermal, lift is \navailable at any altitude below a climbing sail \nplane or soaring birds.\n\n\n \n\nWhen heating is slow or intermittent, a \"bubble\" \nmay be pinched off and forced upward; after an \ninterval ranging from a few minutes to an hour or \nmore, another bubble forms and rises as in figure \n154\\. As explained earlier, intermittent shading by \ncumulus clouds forming atop a thermal is one \nreason for the bubble thermal. A sailplane or birds \nmay be climbing in a bubble, but an aircraft at \ntempting to enter the thermal at a lower altitude \nmay find no lift.\n\n\n \n\nA favored theoretical structure of some bubble \nthermals is the vortex shell which is much like a \nsmoke ring blown upward as diagrammed in figure \n155\\. Lift is strongest in the center of the ring; \ndowndrafts may occur in the edges of the ring or\n\n\n178\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1073353, "type": "text", "content": "L e s s o n s f r o m R e c e n t R e s e a r c h i n t o F i r e i n t h e H\ni g h C o u n t r y : \nC h e c k l i s t f o r F i r e O b s e r v e r s\n\n\n# RESOURCES\n\n\nSharples, J.J. (2009) An overview of mountain meteorological effects relevant\nto fire \nbehaviour and bushfire risk. International Journal of Wildland Fire, in press.\n\n\n \n\n# PLUME-DRIVEN FIRE\n\n\nFromm, M., Tupper, A., Rosenfeld, D., Servranckx, R. & McRae, R. (2006).\nViolent \npyro-convective storm devastates Australia\u2019s capital and pollutes the \nstratosphere, Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 33, L05815, \ndoi:10.1029/2005GL025161\n\n\n \n\nCONDITIONS CONDUCIVE TO PLUME-DRIVEN FIRE\n\n\n \n\nWeber, R.O. & Dold, J.W. (2006). Linking landscape fires and local meteorology\n\u2013 a \nshort review. Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers International Journal \nSeries B, Vol. 49, No 3, 590-593.\n\n\n \n\n# PASSAGE OF DRY SLOT OVER FIRE\n\n\nMills, G.A. (2005) On the sub-synoptic scale meteorology of two extreme fire \nweather days during the Eastern Australian fires of January 2003. Australian \nMeteorological Magazine V54, pp: 265-290.\n\n\n \n\nMills, G.A. (2007). On easterly changes over elevated terrain in Australia\u2019s\nsoutheast. \nAust. Met. Mag. 56: 177-190.\n\n\n \n\n# THUNDERSTORM\n\n\n# WIND CHANGE\n\n\nSharples, J.J., McRae, R.H.D., Weber, R.O. (2009) Wind characteristics over\ncomplex \nterrain with implications for bushfire risk management. To be submitted to \nAgricultural and Forest Meteorology.\n\n\n \n\nSharples, J.J., R.H.D. McRae, and R.O. Weber (2009). An empirical\nprobabilistic study \nof wind direction over complex terrain. In Anderssen, R.S., R.D. Braddock and \nL.T.H. Newham (eds) 18th World IMACS Congress and MODSIM09 International \nCongress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of \nAustralia and New Zealand and International Association for Mathematics and \nComputers in Simulation, July 2009, pp. 4446-4452. ISBN: 978-0-9758400-7- \n8.\n\n\n# CHANNELLING EVENT\n\n\nDEW POINT DEPRESSION EVENT\n\n\n \n\nSharples, J.J., McRae, R.H.D., Weber, R.O. & Gill, A.M. (2008). A simple index\nfor \nassessing fuel moisture content, Environ. Model. Softw., \ndoi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2008.10.012\n\n\n53\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 83860, "type": "text", "content": "The Group for Earth Observation\n\n\n \n\nSeptember 2014\n\n\n \n\nGEO Quarterly No 43\n\n\nTo enter this value, follow the following steps:\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Open \u2018Control Panel\u2019 and locate \u2018Network Connections\u2019 \n\u2022 Find \u2018MPE Decoder Adaptor\u2019 \n\u2022 Right-click on this and open \u2018Properties\u2019 \n\u2022 Move down to \u2018Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)\u2019 \n\u2022 Open \u2018Properties\u2019 and insert the Interface Address: \n10.100.10.10 \n\u2022 Move down to the next box and insert 255.255.255.0 (You may \nhave to do this operation manually) then click \u2018OK\u2019.\n\n\n \n\nDuring this procedure, your Tellicast Icon should have \nchanged from Red/Black to Yellow/Black and finally to a \nWhite Square with a Pink \u2018T\u2019. Now go to the files folder and \ncheck for incoming data.\n\n\n \n\nAdditional Points to Note for Windows 7 Users\n\n\n \n\nWindows 7 needs to be looked at slightly differently, and \nthe first thing you must do is adjust your firewall settings \nto allow the new software to function correctly. Open \n\u2018Allow a program through Windows Firewall\u2019: you can access \nthis by typing \u2018Firewall\u2019 into the \u2018Search programs and files\u2019 \ninput box under the \u2018Start\u2019 button. Add in \u2018TBS-IP Data\u2019, and \nclick \u2018OK\u2019.\n\n\nNext, enter All Programs\u2014Accessories\u2014Command Prompt, then \nRight Click \u2018Run as Administrator\u2019 to bring up the Command \nPrompt box. Enter the following code complete with spaces:\n\n\nRoute \u2013p \u20134 ADD 224.0.0.0 mask 240.0.0.0 10.100.10.10\n\n\nthen press \u2018Enter\u2019 (figure 5). It should then read \u2018OK\u2019. You \nmay need to do that or you may find everything works fine \nwithout it. My system would not work without this Command \nLine input, but once that was carried out everything came \non-line immediately and the Tellicast \u2018T\u2019 Icon changed to Pink \non a White Square. As always with Windows 7, we do have \nmany variants.\n\n\n \n\nFigure 6 - TBS Recorder\n\n\n \n\nsignal (figure 6). It basically allows you to check the incoming \nsignal and set parameters, handy if there is a break in \ntransmission, as it will allow you to see if its origin lies with \nyou or EUMETCast. But one thing to remember: you cannot \nrun TBS-IP Data while TSRecorder is active\u2014you must switch \noff TSRecorder first. Figure 7 shows details for my Tellicast \nfiles following a four-hour run of my system with the latest \nsoftware: zero on both Missed Packets and Recovered Packets.\n\n\n \n\nFigure 5 - The Command Prompt Box\n\n\n \n\nAnd of course the other feature to remember is to install all \nthe software into a subfolder inside the \u2018Tools\u2019 folder. I made \na folder called \u2018TBS Software\u2019 and installed into there.\n\n\nAnother parameter you may have to change is within the \n\u2018Interface Address\u2019 regarding the \u2018Internet Protocol Version \n6 (TCP/Ipv6)\u2019: in my system I had to untick this item as \notherwise it would not work. But again, you may find that \nyou don\u2019t have to do that operation. I would suggest at this \npoint that you reboot your computer to enable the software \nand changes to take effect more easily.\n\n\nWhen your Computer restarts, you should see an on- \nscreen box displaying the selected Tuner: click \u2018OK\u2019, and the \nTBS Tuner box will appear on screen (figure 1). If all data \nentered is correct you should have green bars showing in \nboth the Strength and Quality displays. If not, you may have \nto re-enter MODCODE or check the PIDs but, all being well, \nthe EUMETCast data should be seen coming into the \u2018Packet \nReceived\u2019 box in the \u2018IP Over DVB\u2019 tab. The Meteosat image on \npages 16/17 came from the trial DVB-S2 EUMETCast stream \non June 24 this year.\n\n\nSo now you have incoming data from the new system and \nsatellite within your Tellicast files, and you will recognise \nthem as they are familiar files. You can open the SatSignal \nsoftware and start to enjoy the new images on the DVB-S2 \nTransmissions with MSG Data Manager and Metop Manager, \nplus whatever else you are looking for. TSRecorder is a very \nuseful tool which will show all the details of your received\n\n\n \n\nFigure 7 - Tellicast Statistics\n\n\n \n\nI have not dwelled to much on High Volume Data as that \ndoes not start until some time in 2015; and that will, I am \nsure, create another article on its own. I hope this article\n\n\n \n\nContinued on page 24\n\n\nwww.geo-web.org.uk\n\n\n \n15\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 83864, "type": "text", "content": "September 2014\n\n\n \nThe Group for Earth Observation\n\n\n \nGEO Quarterly No 43\n\n\nA NASA Earth Observatory Report\n\n\nWith much of California experiencing exceptional drought, \nvegetation in the Golden State is drier than normal and primed to \nburn. And burning is exactly what happened in August 2014 when \nlightning ignited several fast-moving fires. More than 400 km2 were \ncharred as fires raged through forests and grasslands in northern \nCalifornia.\n\n\nThe MODIS instrument aboard NASA\u2019s Terra satellite captured the \nimage shown in figure 1 at 19:45 UT on August 2, 2014. Figure 2, \nfrom the Aqua satellite, followed about two hours later. Red outlines \nshow where MODIS detected high surface temperatures associated \nwith active burning.\n\n\nThe pair of natural colour images documents the evolution \nand rapid expansion of the fires. Many areas of active burning \nexpanded significantly between the two satellite passes, as smoke \nplumes blossomed into towering pyrocumulus clouds. The change \nwas most dramatic over the Beaver Complex fire along the border \nof California and Oregon.\n\n\nPyrocumulus clouds\u2014sometimes called \u2018fire clouds\u2019\u2014are tall \nand cauliflower-shaped: they appear as opaque white patches \nhovering over darker smoke in satellite imagery. Pyrocumulus \nclouds are similar to cumulus clouds, but the heat that forces \nthe air to rise (leading to cooling and thus condensation of water \nvapour) comes from fire instead of sun-warmed ground. Under \ncertain circumstances, pyrocumulus clouds can produce full-fledged \nthunderstorms, making them pyrocumulonimbus clouds.\n\n\nScientists monitor pyrocumulus clouds closely because they can \ninject smoke and pollutants high into the atmosphere. As pollutants \nare dispersed by wind, they can affect air quality over a broad area. \nIn this case, the outburst of pyrocumulus activity lofted a large \nquantity of smoke high into the atmosphere, and winds pushed it \nnorth and east over Oregon.\n\n\nFigure 3 is a photograph taken from an Oregon Air National Guard \nF-15C by James Haseltine on July 31, 2014, at 16:20 UT, showing \na much closer view of a developing pyrocumulus cloud.\n\n\n \n\nFigure 1 - Imaged by Terra at 19:45 UT on August 2, 2014\n\n\n \n\nFigure 3 \nAn Oregon Air National Guard F-15C flies \npast a developing Pyrocumulous Cloud.\n\n\n \n\nFigure 2 - The same area, imaged by Aqua approximately two hours later. \nNASA images courtesy Jeff Schmaltz \nLANCE/EOSDIS MODIS Rapid Response Team at NASA GSFC\n\n\nwww.geo-web.org.uk\n\n\n \n19\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 83863, "type": "text", "content": "18 www.geo-web.org.uk\n\n\n \n\nGEO Quarterly No 43 The Group for Earth Observation September 2014\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 83861, "type": "text", "content": "GEO Quarterly No 43 The Group for Earth Observation September 2014\n\n\n16 www.geo-web.org.uk\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}]	Given the understanding of pyrocumulus clouds forming due to fire, under what weather conditions might these clouds evolve into full-fledged thunderstorms?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 220, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 2011362, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='17' style='font-size:20px'>Diversity & Inclusion framework</h1>\n<h1 id='18' style='font-size:18px'>Recruitment<br>and Onboarding</h1>\n<br><h1 id='19' style='font-size:18px'>Development<br>and Advancement</h1>\n<br><h1 id='20' style='font-size:18px'>Engagement<br>and Sharing</h1>\n<br><table id='21' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Establish our starting point</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Educate Leaders</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Change Mindsets</td></tr><tr><td>Be creative in job design</td><td rowspan=\"3\"></td></tr><tr><td>Flexible working \u2013 a reality for all</td></tr><tr><td>Transparent opportunities for progression</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Sponsor talent</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Retain</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Approach like any other business improvement</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Share learning and good practice</td></tr></table>\n<footer id='22' style='font-size:14px'>Different perspectives, outstanding results</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 576249, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='108' style='font-size:22px'>Storytelling in Business</h1>\n<figure data-category='chart'><img id='109' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(144,210); bottom-right:(864,685)\" /></figure>\n<h1 id='110' style='font-size:20px'>H ow does it work?</h1>\n<p id='111' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>T he basic principles of storytelling apply: have a beginning,<br>middle and end. In the beginning set up your story; who, what,<br>why, where, when; in the middle present a conflict or dilemma,<br>followed by a solution that ends in a happy-ever-after.</p>\n<p id='112' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>A bove all, a good story is one that provokes an emotional<br>reaction. Illustrate how your product or service will make their<br>life less stressful, lovelier, more luxurious, and get this across<br>through your story.</p>\n<p id='113' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>R emember it\u2019s all about them not you. You need to understand<br>your target market and audience and engage with them as you<br>would in real life; appeal to people\u2019s lifestyles, problems,<br>interests and needs.</p>\n<p id='114' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>www.claritycentral.net\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0</p>\n<br><footer id='115' style='font-size:14px'>8\t\r \u00a0</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2795479, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='18' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>a. What are the jurisdiction-wide strategies and goals around recruitment, hiring, and retention?<br>b. What has been accomplished so far?<br>c. If it isn\u2019t successful, why not? Do efforts specifically address institutional racism and bias?<br>d. How does your jurisdiction\u2019s Affirmative Action framework support or hinder your efforts?</p>\n<br><p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>3. Develop a strategy</p>\n<br><p id='20' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>a. Develop a narrative that uses data (quantitative and qualitative) as the base for describing the<br>problem and the need. Incorporate your experience as to why the current system is not current<br>meeting your needs, and what you would like to see done.<br>b. Identify who are potential partners in other departments in advancing equitable hiring that can<br>help you in your department.<br>c. What goals can your department set and implement for itself beyond diversity training?<br>d. How will you evaluate your progress over time? What data do you need to track?<br>e. What do you need to advocate for to strategically advance your efforts with Human Resources?</p>\n<br><h1 id='21' style='font-size:20px'>Conclusion</h1>\n<p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Good management practice is also an active mechanism for advancing equity. The resources listed above are<br>relevant to all employees, regardless of race and can improve talent retention and performance. However, bias<br>and institutional racism will affect employees of color differently than white staff and may even affect each<br>employee of color in the workplace in a different way. So, it is important that any hiring manager who has staff<br>of a different race continue to advance their own learning on cultural competency and systems of privilege and<br>power. This ongoing education will support effective management of high-performing teams and individuals.</p>\n<p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Eight conditions for successfully fostering a diverse and inclusive workplace:</p>\n<br><p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>1. Leadership must accept and value that a diverse workforce will bring a diversity of perspectives and<br>approaches to work.</p>\n<br><p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>2. Leadership must be committed to persevering in the face of inherent challenges that these<br>different perspectives and approaches will bring to an organization.</p>\n<br><p id='26' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>3. There must be an expectation of high performance from everyone.</p>\n<br><p id='27' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>4. The organization should design jobs that allow people to grow and be educated.</p>\n<br><p id='28' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>5. Openness and tolerance for debate must be encouraged by the organizational culture.</p>\n<br><p id='29' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>6. All workers must be made to feel valued and empowered.</p>\n<br><p id='30' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>7. The organization must have a clear and well-recognized mission that includes diversity.</p>\n<br><p id='31' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>8. The organization must be structured to promote the exchange of ideas and welcome constructive<br>challenges as a part of its culture</p>\n<br><p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>From: Thomas, David A., and Robin J. Ely. \u201cMaking differences matter.\u201d Harvard Business Review 74, no. 5<br>(1996): 79-90.</p>\n<footer id='33' style='font-size:16px'>12 \| P a g e</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 35148, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='89' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>diversity has value, and it has taken on<br>DEI in a big way. In 2019, ILTA established<br>a Diversity, Equity & Inclusion Task Force<br>(DEITF) and continued to run its Women<br>Who Lead program. The organization aims<br>to become a beacon for DEI on a global<br>scale. ILTA also spearheaded a pronouns<br>project so community members can<br>identify themselves based on their own<br>comfort when attending in-person or at<br>digital events.</p>\n<h1 id='90' style='font-size:16px'>Diversifying speaker slates</h1>\n<br><p id='91' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Joy Heath Rush, CEO of ILTA, notes,<br>\u201cILTA needs to lead, not just follow<br>the trends. We make DEI a priority<br>because ILTA is about respect. As a<br>volunteer organization, we have unique<br>opportunities to identify diverse people<br>and bring them to the forefront. We<br>can be more egalitarian and encourage<br>people who are underrepresented to step<br>forward. ILTA recently added \u2018equity\u2019 as a<br>new core value. Equity takes diversity and<br>inclusion to the next level by engaging<br>people constructively and focusing on<br>producing outcomes.\u201d Rush acknowledges<br>that ILTA benefits from diversity efforts<br>inside member entities and looks to<br>support those efforts by providing career-<br>enhancing connections and educational<br>opportunities. These contribute to<br>the success and advancement of<br>underrepresented groups.</p>\n<p id='92' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Recently released by ILTA\u2019s DEITF, ILTA\u2019s<br>2020 Diversity Equity & Inclusion Climate<br>Survey showed that diverse people<br>found ILTA to be welcoming. The vast<br>majority of respondents reported a<br>high \u201cfeeling of acceptance\u201d from ILTA<br>regardless of their gender identity,<br>sexual orientation and race.</p>\n<br><p id='93' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>According to Saylor, \u201cInitially, the Task<br>Force developed speaker guidelines to<br>seek out new speakers from diverse<br>racial and ethnic groups, gender and<br>gender identification, age groups, and<br>a mix of people from different kinds<br>of organizations. We wanted speakers<br>from large law firms, corporate in-house<br>departments, and small law firms located<br>in both rural and urban communities. We<br>focused on ensuring that traditionally<br>underrepresented groups appeared on<br>more ILTA speaker rosters. Last year, we<br>set a record for first-time speakers.\u201d</p>\n<p id='94' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Ginevra Saylor is Director, Innovation and<br>Knowledge Programs at Gowling WLG and<br>serves on the ILTA Board of Directors and<br>as liaison to the ILTA DEITF. Saylor notes<br>that ILTA and the task force have been<br>focusing on diversifying speaker slates at<br>ILTA events to include more women and<br>people of color. For greater transparency,<br>ILTA\u2019s recent annual report included data<br>reporting on speaker diversity.</p>\n<br><p id='95' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The company culture at a legal<br>tech startup is very different than<br>at an established law firm</p>\n<br><p id='96' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>ILTA has been co-sponsoring events<br>with i.WILL (inspiring Women Igniting<br>Leadership & Learning), a women\u2019s<br>networking organization founded by<br>Andrea Markstrom, CIO of Taft. Markstrom<br>was also named to the aforementioned<br>ILTA 2021 list of Influential Women in<br>Legal Tech which also included Kristen<br>Sonday of Paladin. Markstrom founded<br>i.WILL to be committed to diversity and<br>inclusion of women of all levels, roles,<br>and industries.</p>\n<p id='97' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>DEI participation critical to success</p>\n<br><p id='98' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>At Taft, Markstrom is proud of the<br>culture and investment in DEI. The firm<br>deliberately and strategically worked to<br>expand diversity and inclusion within its<br>leadership positions. This is evidenced<br>by the fact that 92% of the firm\u2019s C-level<br>and 56% of the Executive Committee are<br>women or team members of color. The<br>firm also has a Gender Advancement<br>Committee that works with its robust<br>Diversity & Inclusion Committee.<br>Recently, Taft was recognized as one of<br>2020 \u201cBest Law Firms for Women\u201d by<br>Working Mother Magazine.</p>\n<br><p id='99' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>i.WILL Board member Nita Sanger<br>is Director, Digital Advisory Practice<br>focusing on Business Transformation<br>and Innovation at Cherry Bekaert an<br>accounting firm focused on audit, tax<br>and advisory services. Prior to her<br>recent switch to the accounting field,<br>Sanger\u2019s deep background in legal<br>innovation prompted her to write an<br>article for Authority Magazine entitled<br>\u201cHow Diversity Can Increase a Company\u2019s<br>Bottom Line.\u201d</p>\n<p id='100' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>In her work at both i.WILL and Taft,<br>Markstrom said, \u201cI want people to feel<br>they have a voice, regardless of role or<br>level. We create a forum so people feel<br>comfortable to share their perspectives.<br>Creating an open and approachable<br>environment, whether within a<br>networking group or a law firm, improves<br>performance, productivity and retention.<br>It inspires innovation and creativity.\u201d</p>\n<br><p id='101' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Sanger explains, \u201cDEI actually helps<br>companies grow revenues. Diversity<br>enables you to enter new markets<br>as it brings in different perspectives,<br>insights and creativity. Corporate clients<br>are pushing their product and service<br>providers to take action on DEI, saying<br>they won\u2019t buy from companies that don\u2019t<br>share their values. Legal tech companies<br>would be well-advised to participate in<br>DEI from a business standpoint.\u201d</p>\n<p id='102' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The push for greater diversity, equity<br>and inclusion is alive and kicking in legal<br>tech. DEI initiatives have many benefits<br>stretching far beyond the general<br>consensus that it\u2019s \u201cthe right thing to<br>do.\u201d Not only can DEI programs increase<br>employee performance, satisfaction and<br>retention, they also bring forward more<br>quality ideas. DEI participation makes<br>legal tech product and service providers<br>eligible to bid for more business, and to<br>retain the clients they have. Companies<br>can start with DEI anywhere from<br>conducting unconscious bias workshops,<br>having personal pronouns stamped<br>into email signatures, holding open<br>discussion town halls and surveys, or<br>broadening its selection criteria for open<br>jobs and more. Legal tech companies<br>which prioritize spending time and<br>money developing DEI initiatives will find<br>that their efforts are rewarded on many<br>levels, both now and into the future.</p>\n<p id='103' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Christy Burke (pronouns: she/her/hers)<br>is President of Burke & Company, a<br>PR and marketing firm specializing in<br>content creation, media relations and<br>communications consulting for legal tech<br>clients. Connect with her on LinkedIn or<br>Twitter @ChristyBurkePR, or visit<br>burke-company.com.</p>\n<footer id='104' style='font-size:16px'>LEGAL INNOVATION & TECHNOLOGY TODAY</footer>\n<br><footer id='105' style='font-size:14px'>N\u00b0 30</footer>\n<br><footer id='106' style='font-size:16px'>9</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1760280, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='126' style='font-size:14px'>SGN Group \| Sustainability report 2021</header>\n<h1 id='127' style='font-size:22px'>Decent Work and Economic Growth</h1>\n<br><h1 id='128' style='font-size:18px'>Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive<br>employment and decent work for all</h1>\n<h1 id='129' style='font-size:20px'>Diversity and inclusion: what have we done so far?</h1>\n<figure data-category='chart'><img id='130' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"SEPTEMBER\nSEPTEMBER Launched our\nAUGUST RISE Programme begins Press Pause\n2018 Reviewed family 2019 (see Goal 5, p12) 2020 campaign focusing 2021\nfriendly working on unconscious\nFEBRUARY\npolicies bias\nAPRIL Celebrated LGBT+\nFEBRUARY\nNOVEMBER\nReported our History Month,\nImproved diversity\nNOVEMBER Trained D&I\ngender pay gap sharing stories\nUsed employee disclosure rates MAY\npartners\nfor the first time from our LGBT+\nfeedback to inform to improve Introduced our\nto provide\ncommunity to\nour action plans understanding. Our Faith and Belief\nbusiness-wide\nimprove awareness\nethnicity picture is Guide\nsupport\nand understanding\nnow 87% complete\nFEBRUARY OCTOBER\nOCTOBER Made an Inclusion JANUARY Introduced Senior\nSEPTEMBER\nRolled out recruitment Leader Development\nIntroduced \u2018Manager Commitment to\nSurveyed our\ntraining to hiring Programme with a\nEssentials\u2019 training with attract and retain\nemployees, with\nmanagers focus on inclusion\na focus on inclusion diverse talent \u2013\nadded inclusion\nan industry-wide\nmeasures\ncollaboration JULY\nJULY\nCarried out our Let\u2019s\nLaunched our \u2018Banter line\nAPRIL Talk About Race\ncampaign\u2019, including appropriate\nLaunched our wellbeing strategy sessions and started\nbehaviour webinars for 550 leaders\nwith mental health supporters developing our Racial\nand managers\n(See Goal 3, p9) Diversity Action Plan\" data-coord=\"top-left:(58,422); bottom-right:(1692,1012)\" /></figure>\n<p id='131' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>We know we have more to do, but we are pleased that our commitment to inclusion in the workplace is being identified in the form of a Bronze Award from Inclusive<br>Employers. To achieve the standard, Inclusive Employers took an evidence-based, objective look at how we are embedding equality, inclusion and diversity in our business.</p>\n<footer id='132' style='font-size:16px'>18</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2795465, "type": "text", "content": "a. What are the jurisdiction-wide strategies and goals around recruitment,\nhiring, and retention? \nb. What has been accomplished so far? \nc. If it isn\u2019t successful, why not? Do efforts specifically address\ninstitutional racism and bias? \nd. How does your jurisdiction\u2019s Affirmative Action framework support or hinder\nyour efforts?\n\n\n \n\n3\\. Develop a strategy\n\n\n \n\na. Develop a narrative that uses data (quantitative and qualitative) as the\nbase for describing the \nproblem and the need. Incorporate your experience as to why the current system\nis not current \nmeeting your needs, and what you would like to see done. \nb. Identify who are potential partners in other departments in advancing\nequitable hiring that can \nhelp you in your department. \nc. What goals can your department set and implement for itself beyond\ndiversity training? \nd. How will you evaluate your progress over time? What data do you need to\ntrack? \ne. What do you need to advocate for to strategically advance your efforts with\nHuman Resources?\n\n\n \n\n# Conclusion\n\n\nGood management practice is also an active mechanism for advancing equity. The\nresources listed above are \nrelevant to all employees, regardless of race and can improve talent retention\nand performance. However, bias \nand institutional racism will affect employees of color differently than white\nstaff and may even affect each \nemployee of color in the workplace in a different way. So, it is important\nthat any hiring manager who has staff \nof a different race continue to advance their own learning on cultural\ncompetency and systems of privilege and \npower. This ongoing education will support effective management of high-\nperforming teams and individuals.\n\n\nEight conditions for successfully fostering a diverse and inclusive workplace:\n\n\n \n\n1\\. Leadership must accept and value that a diverse workforce will bring a\ndiversity of perspectives and \napproaches to work.\n\n\n \n\n2\\. Leadership must be committed to persevering in the face of inherent\nchallenges that these \ndifferent perspectives and approaches will bring to an organization.\n\n\n \n\n3\\. There must be an expectation of high performance from everyone.\n\n\n \n\n4\\. The organization should design jobs that allow people to grow and be\neducated.\n\n\n \n\n5\\. Openness and tolerance for debate must be encouraged by the organizational\nculture.\n\n\n \n\n6\\. All workers must be made to feel valued and empowered.\n\n\n \n\n7\\. The organization must have a clear and well-recognized mission that\nincludes diversity.\n\n\n \n\n8\\. The organization must be structured to promote the exchange of ideas and\nwelcome constructive \nchallenges as a part of its culture\n\n\n \n\nFrom: Thomas, David A., and Robin J. Ely. \u201cMaking differences matter.\u201d Harvard\nBusiness Review 74, no. 5 \n(1996): 79-90.\n\n\n12 \| P a g e\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 385919, "type": "text", "content": "Diversity & Inclusion Strategy 2021\u20132025 9\n\n\n# Priority 2:\n\n\n# Maximising the potential of all our people\n\n\n \n\nWhile diversity in the representation of our workforce creates the potential\nfor richness \nof thought and ideas, it is inclusion that allows that potential to be\nmaximised. Blending \nbehavioural change with inclusive processes which offer opportunity to all is\nfundamental to \nsecuring full value from the diversity our people bring to us. We will focus\non supporting our \npeople to be inclusive, empathetic leaders and colleagues, offering fully\nintegrated training \nso that inclusion is a fundamental part of every person\u2019s role.\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 We will foster a culture of personal growth and supported development where\neveryone \ncan continue to deepen their knowledge, skills and impact at all stages of\ntheir \ncareer journey.\n\n\n\u2022 We will focus on equality of outcomes in all of our people processes,\nbreaking down \nbarriers to opportunity and progression through improving our approaches to\nwork \nallocation, performance management and promotion.\n\n\n\u2022 There will be a continued focus on providing tailored careers and flexible\nwork patterns \nand portfolios to allow all our people to succeed in their role and find the\nright balance \nfor them between work and other aspects of their lives.\n\n\n\u2022 We will take earlier account of the potential adverse impacts of our people\npolicies \nand processes by re-invigorating our approach to equality impact assessments\nand \nensuring that we continue to learn from the lived experience of our people.\n\n\n\u2022 We will create an accessible work environment, including an effective\napproach \nto workplace adjustments, that means everyone has the opportunity to perform \nat their best.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 385941, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='39' style='font-size:14px'>Diversity & Inclusion Strategy 2021\u20132025 7</header>\n<h1 id='40' style='font-size:20px'>Supporting our work</h1>\n<p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Our new D&I Strategy is designed to support us in making a step-change in how we manage<br>our talent. The actions we will take forward under our Strategy will be data- and employee-led,<br>focusing resource on areas where we need to make the most improvement. We will adopt an<br>inclusive approach which considers intersectionality when assessing issues. Recognising and<br>respecting the diversity of experience and thought our people bring will ensure that the NAO<br>continues to provide an effective service to Parliament while making the insights we gain from<br>our work available to those responsible for public services.</p>\n<p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Drawing on a wide pool of talent will help us to reflect on the diverse users of public services and<br>examine the impacts of government activity in different local areas or among different groups.<br>Our NAO Strategy and Organisation Development Plan draw together a range of initiatives to<br>support our journey towards being an organisation which promotes an open learning culture,<br>embraces difference and ensures equity at all stages of the career journey. Underpinned by our<br>new corporate value of \u2018inclusion and respect\u2019 we are focused not only on ensuring we recruit<br>colleagues from a broad range of backgrounds, but that they are encouraged to develop their<br>careers with us and are able to realise their full potential because of the career-enhancing<br>opportunities we offer.</p>\n<p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>We have already made an important start in focusing actions on improving the lived\u00a0experience<br>of our ethnic minority and disabled colleagues through our Race Equality Action Plan, launched<br>in December 2020, and our Disability Equality Action\u00a0Plan launched in April 2021. Both plans will<br>frame a more detailed Diversity & Inclusion Action Plan, which will be built around the priorities<br>developed in this Strategy and provide us with the opportunity to regularly review our progress<br>and impacts. While targets and data will be important in evidencing the speed of change, how<br>our people feel and the behaviours they witness will determine whether the NAO is a truly<br>inclusive organisation, one where everyone feels an equal and genuine sense of belonging and<br>opportunity and where difference is not just respected but\u00a0encouraged and celebrated.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 187945, "type": "text", "content": "CHERYL FARRELL COMMUNICATIONS\n\n\n# P op-Up Storytelling for Organizations is a membership engagement program\ndesigned to:\n\n\n \n\n\uf0fc Enhance interactions among members to encourage greater participation \n\uf0fc Provide a novel entertainment and learning experience \n\uf0fc Augment diversity and inclusion initiatives\n\n\n# 1 . How does Pop-Up Storytelling for Organizations work?\n\n\n \n\nA Pop-Up coach assists employees (\u201cthe cast\u201d) with writing and presenting\npersonal stories to fellow \nmembers in a staged setting. Sponsoring leaders provide a theme for a cast\nmember to develop a \n5-7 minute non-fiction story. A hosted \u201cshow\u201d is created for multiple members\nto deliver stories that \nmay be inspirational, informative, or entertaining. A post-event assessment\ndetermines the impact on \nengagement. Pop-Up Storytelling may be for a specific group event or a\nrecurring series.\n\n\n# 2 . Why is storytelling an engagement method?\n\n\n \n\nOrganizational storytelling is a disarming way to engage members. Structured\nstorytelling serves to \nimprove group cohesiveness as individuals learn they have more in common with\neach other than \njust work similarities. Pop-Up Storytelling is based on the theory of group\ncohesiveness proposed by \nnoted social psychologist Leon Festinger (1950).1\n\n\n# 3 . What consultation comes with Pop-Up Storytelling for Organizations?\n\n\n \n\n# Contact Cheryl Farrell Communications to learn about our services:\n\n\n \n\n\uf0fc Identify storytelling engagement goals \n\uf0fc Storytelling development and event planning\n\n\n \n\nStoryteller selection (even \u201cshy\u201d individuals) \no \nStory plot\u2014something happened, something changed \no \nStory structure\u2014beginning, middle, end; characters \no \nInternal communications and marketing support \no\n\n\n \n\n# \uf0fc Evaluate storytelling impact on engagement\n\n\n# 4\\. What\u2019s the origin of the Pop-Up Storytelling for Organizations name?\n\n\n \n\nEngagement matters \u2026 \nyour story matters.\n\n\n \n\nThe program name comes from the practice of retailers that leave their brick\nand mortar stores to set \nup temporary sites positioned in the foot traffic of consumers\u2014going directly\nto the people. We bring \nstories to the member gatherings with engagement as the goal.\n\n\n# 5 . Who is Cheryl Farrell?\n\n\n \n\nCheryl has more than 30 years\u2019 experience in corporate communications, Human\nResources, \nentertainment, and consulting. To learn more about her background and\nservices, email: \ncheryl@cherylfarrell-communications.com or visit Cheryl Farrell\nCommunications.\n\n\n1Festinger, L.; Schachter, S.; Back, K. (1950). \"The spatial ecology of group\nformation\". In \u201cSocial Pressure in Informal Groups\u201d Chapter 4.\n\n\n[rev. 10-2019]\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 572329, "type": "text", "content": " \n\n# Next Steps\n\n\n# \u2022\n\n\n \n\n# Begin the development of the Strategic \nPlan for Diversity, Equity and Inclusion \nwith The Winters Group, Inc.\n\n\n10\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Considering the storytelling structure suggested by the consultation services includes 'beginning, middle, end,' how might this structure support the goal to 'augment diversity and inclusion initiatives'?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 221, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 527303, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='0' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(129,352); bottom-right:(427,571)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='1' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(500,344); bottom-right:(791,579)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='2' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(238,632); bottom-right:(603,882)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='3' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(861,346); bottom-right:(1158,583)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='4' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(699,631); bottom-right:(1071,883)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='5' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(235,945); bottom-right:(606,1177)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='6' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(695,945); bottom-right:(1072,1181)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='7' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(175,1228); bottom-right:(458,1478)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='8' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(565,1228); bottom-right:(774,1481)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='9' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(905,1228); bottom-right:(1121,1477)\" /></figure>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 135423, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='0' style='font-size:20px'>New UI FAQ #7</h1>\n<h1 id='1' style='font-size:18px'>How do I Add an Analyte to my Results Menu Data Table?</h1>\n<h1 id='2' style='font-size:18px'>To add an analyte column in the \u2018RESULTS\u2019 menu, you will need to:</h1>\n<p id='3' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>1. Click on the configure button</p>\n<br><p id='4' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>2. In the Columns tab, click the ADD button and search for the analyte you would<br>like to add\u2026 the available analytes will be specific to your RALS system<br>3. You can reorder columns by clicking the DRAG icon</p>\n<figure><img id='5' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(179,742); bottom-right:(868,908)\" /></figure>\n<p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>next to the column and then dragging it to the desired order</p>\n<p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>4. After completing your column configuration, Click Apply<br>and the new column will be added to your data table</p>\n<h1 id='8' style='font-size:18px'>Click here to view a video of this FAQ.</h1>\n<p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>1</p>\n<br><footer id='10' style='font-size:14px'>\u00a9 2021 Abbott. All rights reserved. All trademarks referenced are trademarks of either the Abbott group of<br>companies or their respective owners. COL-06603 Rev. 1 07/21.</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1551435, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='0' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(43,164); bottom-right:(209,314)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='1' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(236,175); bottom-right:(566,326)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='2' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(680,171); bottom-right:(921,306)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='3' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(542,342); bottom-right:(796,436)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='4' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(876,358); bottom-right:(1185,497)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='5' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(945,524); bottom-right:(1074,644)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='6' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(104,768); bottom-right:(372,902)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='7' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(483,770); bottom-right:(767,872)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='8' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(211,950); 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bottom-right:(461,904)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='55' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(496,692); bottom-right:(666,900)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='56' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(705,693); bottom-right:(871,894)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='57' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(907,693); bottom-right:(1083,897)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='58' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1117,670); bottom-right:(1293,899)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='59' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(70,1053); bottom-right:(247,1261)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='60' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(287,1048); bottom-right:(456,1262)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='61' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(493,1053); bottom-right:(666,1263)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='62' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(702,1060); bottom-right:(870,1263)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='63' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(909,1058); bottom-right:(1079,1262)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='64' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(72,1429); bottom-right:(248,1632)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='65' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1115,1055); bottom-right:(1293,1263)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='66' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(285,1431); bottom-right:(458,1633)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='67' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1329,1060); bottom-right:(1504,1263)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='68' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(495,1428); bottom-right:(664,1633)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='69' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(700,1433); bottom-right:(869,1632)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='70' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(71,1791); bottom-right:(247,1999)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='71' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(288,1794); bottom-right:(457,2001)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='72' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(911,1423); bottom-right:(1080,1633)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='73' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(493,1797); bottom-right:(663,1998)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='74' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1120,1426); bottom-right:(1292,1630)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='75' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(698,1788); bottom-right:(873,2001)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='76' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(906,1796); bottom-right:(1080,1997)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='77' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1331,1428); bottom-right:(1504,1633)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='78' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1123,1792); bottom-right:(1292,2001)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='79' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1331,1793); bottom-right:(1504,1998)\" /></figure>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 545515, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='58' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(38,48); bottom-right:(585,420)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='59' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(44,474); bottom-right:(582,853)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='60' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(642,46); bottom-right:(1190,425)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='61' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(641,465); bottom-right:(1180,851)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='62' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1894,54); bottom-right:(2444,429)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='63' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1290,468); bottom-right:(1829,858)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='64' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(42,897); bottom-right:(593,1289)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='65' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(653,901); bottom-right:(1192,1281)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='66' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(46,1334); bottom-right:(593,1720)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='67' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1290,907); bottom-right:(1833,1258)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='68' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1894,903); bottom-right:(2431,1256)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='69' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(646,1327); bottom-right:(1195,1722)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='70' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1296,1335); bottom-right:(1833,1721)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='71' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1902,1343); bottom-right:(2443,1715)\" /></figure>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Given that the image coordinates range from top-left:(179,742) to bottom-right:(868,908), what conclusions can you draw about the image size and placement?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 222, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["format reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 778368, "type": "text", "content": "# 'I was still holding my grandson's hand - the rest was gone'\n\n\n \n\nIn the second of our series of dispatches from the ravaged country, Afghans\nexplain how \nmounting civilian casualties are aiding Taliban recruiting\n\n\nClancy Chassay, The Guardian, 16 December 2008\n\n\nIt was 7.30 on a hot July morning when \nthe plane came swooping low over the remote \nravine. Below, a bridal party was making its \nway to the groom's village in an area called \nKamala, in the eastern province of Nangarhar, \nto prepare for the celebrations later that day.\n\n\n \n\nThe first bomb hit a large group of children \nwho had run on ahead of the main procession. \nIt killed most of them instantly.\n\n\n \n\nA few minutes later, the plane returned \nand dropped another bomb, right in the centre \nof the group. This time the victims were almost \nall women. Somehow the bride and two girls \nsurvived but as they scrambled down the \nhillside, desperately trying to get away from the \nplane, a third bomb caught them. Hajj Khan \nwas one of four elderly men escorting the \nbride's party that day.\n\n\n \n\n\"We were walking, I was holding my \ngrandson's hand, then there was a loud noise \nand everything went white. When I opened my \neyes, everybody was screaming. I was lying \nmetres from where I had been, I was still \nholding my grandson's hand but the rest of him \nwas gone. I looked around and saw pieces of \nbodies everywhere. I couldn't make out which \npart was which.\"\n\n\n \n\nRelatives from the groom's village said it \nwas impossible to identify the remains. They \nburied the 47 victims in 28 graves.\n\n\n \n\nStories like this are relatively common in \ntoday's Afghanistan. More than 600 civilians \nhave died in Nato and US air strikes this year. \nThe number of innocents killed this way has \nalmost doubled from last year, and tripled from \nthe year before that. These attacks are \nweakening support for the Afghan government \nand turning more and more people against the \nforeign occupation of the country.\n\n\n \n\n\"If things were going OK maybe we could \naccept the occasional mistake. But with the \neconomy the way it is, the worsening security \nsituation, and the lack of development - when \nthey kill civilians on top of everything else, it's \ntoo much for people,\" says Jahid Mohseni who\n\n\n \n\nruns Tolo TV, Afghanistan's most popular \ntelevision station, with his two brothers.\n\n\n \n\nThe US military initially denied any \ncivilians had been killed in the Kamala \nbombing but later said they were investigating \nthe incident. When asked this week for an \nexplanation of events on that morning in July, \nthe US military in Afghanistan said they were \nunfamiliar with the specifics but would look into \nit.\n\n\n \n\nThe latest figures from the Afghan \nIndependent Human Rights Commission, \ntaken a month ago, suggest about 750 civilians \nhave been killed by foreign forces this year. \nMost were killed in air strikes. The remainder \nwere shot by jumpy soldiers, who often open \nfire in crowded public places after an attack on \none of their convoys.\n\n\n \n\nHumanitarian aid agencies say privately \nthat they believe the figure is significantly \nhigher, as many victims classed as \n\"insurgents\" are actually non-combatants.\n\n\n \n\nAs the situation deteriorates across the \ncountry, the killing of civilians is seen as a final \naffront in a litany of mistakes by the foreign \nforces in Afghanistan. Patience among \nordinary Afghans has worn thin and anger \ngrows with each attack.\n\n\n \n\nIn July this year hundreds of Afghans took \nto the street in Nangarhar province after the air \nstrike on the wedding party. The riots turned \nviolent as protesters raged against the foreign \noccupiers and the government they support. \nThe army eventually had to be called in to quell \nthe rioting.\n\n\n \n\nCivilian casualties are not new to \nNangarhar province - last year a convoy of US \nMarines hit by a bomb attack subsequently \nopened fire in a bazaar killing 16 people. The \nmarines involved were sent home and their \nofficers charged, but a subsequent ruling \ncleared them of responsibility for the deaths.\n\n\n \n\nNato and US spokesmen say their forces \ngo to great lengths to avoid civilian casualties. \nBut all too often after an air strike, they deny\n\n\n1\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 257118, "type": "text", "content": "the way he has pardoned some of the warlords and Taliban leaders.\n\n\nAs far as the occupation goes, people were somewhat supportive of it\noriginally, but as \nconditions have deteriorated, they have begun to see the presence of foreign\ntroops as a \nbig part of the problem. I would say that a majority of Afghans now want the\nUS and NATO \nto leave as soon as possible.\n\n\n4\u2013MW: Is the US military mainly \ufb01ghting the Taliban or is the the armed-\nresistance more \ncomplex than that? I read recently that the so-called Taliban is actually a\nconfederation of \nabout a dozen disparate groups and tribes that have bonded together with the\ncommon goal \nof ending foreign occupation and that the main reason their ranks are swelling\nis because of \nthe US military\u2019s indiscriminate killing of civilians? Could you clarify this\npoint?\n\n\nSonali Kolhatkar: It\u2019s hard to understand the nature of the anti-US\nresistance, but it\u2019s a very \nimportant issue. Unfortunately,the media coverage only makes it more\nconfusing. The \n\ufb01ghters that are called the \u201cTaliban\u201d are actually a mix of \u201cformer\u201d Taliban\nand newly \nenlisted Pashtun \ufb01ghters trained in Pakistan. Many of them are just\ndisgruntled Afghan \ncivilians whose families and loved ones have been killed and/or tortured by\nUS/NATO forces. \nRecruiting is always easy when you can show that foreign soldiers are killing\nmore civilians \nthat the \u201cso-called\u201d enemy. But we should be careful to not glorify the\nresistance. It is \nstrictly fundamentalist and would not be a good option for Afghans in terms of\nfuture \nleadership. The vast majority of Afghans are moderate Muslims who strongly\ndisagree with \nthe Taliban\u2019s extremist ideology, but they have joined the struggle to bring\nan end to the \noccupation. But, of course, their troubles won\u2019t disappear just because the\nAmerican forces \nleave. They\u2019ll still be stuck with the Taliban and the warlords. When the\nSoviet occupation \nended in the late 1980s, the US-backed warlords began their reign of terror on\nthe people \nbetween 1992 to 1996. That could happen again. These same warlords (or\nTaliban) could \nonce again spread misery and death across Afghanistan. War is an entropic\nforce that \ncannot be undone by simply hitting a rewind button.\n\n\n5\u2013MW: What will happen if the US military leaves Afghanistan? Is withdrawal\nthe best \nsolution or do you see another, perhaps, less bloody, alternative?\n\n\nSonali Kolhatkar: There are always less bloody alternatives, but withdrawal is\nthe \ufb01rst step \nin a long and complex process. As I\u2019ve said before, Afghanistan\u2019s solutions do\nnot \ufb01t neatly \non a placard. Perhaps that\u2019s why anti-war activists don\u2019t take a clear stand\nagainst this war. \nThe withdrawal of US/NATO forces must be accompanied by other developments,\nlike \ndisempowering the warlords in parliament who have a long history of US-\nsupported \nimpunity. This disempowering must include an \u201cAfghan-led\u201d disarmament of their\nprivate \nmilitias; removing them from political power, and holding them accountable for\ntheir past \ncrimes through criminal prosecution of some sort.\n\n\nThere must also be a \u201ctransitional\u201d UN peacekeeping force that maintains\nsecurity and \nprotects ordinary people the fundamentalists (Taliban and Northern Alliance)\nBut they must \nmake sure that they don\u2019t target civilians.\n\n\nThere must also be economic justice in the form of reparations (matching the\nmoney that \nhas been spent on weapons since 1979, dollar-for-dollar) and a plan to build\nup local \nindustries, create jobs, and provide alternatives to poppy farming.\n\n\nThere must be political justice so that dissidents can come out of the shadows\nand run for\n\n\n \n\| 3\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3418667, "type": "text", "content": "A/63/892 \nS/2009/323\n\n\n54\\. These are all developments of great significance. If the positive trends \ndescribed in the present report can be sustained, then there is a possibility\nfor a \nmajor improvement in the situation in Afghanistan.\n\n\n \n\n55\\. These encouraging developments coincide with a difficult overall\npolitical \nand security situation. The election campaign period has now begun and will \nabsorb political energy and attention. Furthermore, Afghanistan is currently\nin \nwhat may well be its most intense fighting season since 2001. Thus, it will be \nchallenging to maintain the positive momentum gained in a number of critical \nsectors. If that momentum is lost, the country will at best lose valuable time \nand at worst experience new disappointments and setbacks, leading to further \ndisillusionment in the Afghan public and the international community.\n\n\n \n\n56\\. Therefore, I appeal to all members of the international community to put \ntheir full weight behind the positive developments in order to maintain \nmomentum through the complex period ahead. This means giving urgent and \nstrong support to the effective national programmes being presented in key \nsectors. This backing will not only have significant effects in long-neglected\nkey \nsectors, but it will also set examples for other important areas, such as\nlong- \nstanding concerns relating to corruption and crime, poppy production and food \ninsecurity. Ultimately, it will make a substantial contribution to the goal of \nachieving lasting stability. The Government of Afghanistan, in turn, must do\nits \nutmost to continue this work, building on the momentum created in the period \nleading up to the elections.\n\n\n \n\n57\\. This summer will also see an increase in the number of international \nforces in Afghanistan. Such additional forces are required, not only to \ncontribute to security for the elections, but also to further accelerate the \nstrengthening of the Afghan National Army. Additional international forces\nwill \nmean a more intense fight against the insurgency. It is critical that this\nfight be \nconducted in a way that weakens the terrorist threat and boosts popular \nsupport. I am profoundly concerned about the risk posed by an increase in \ncivilian casualties and by a type of military conduct that alienates the \npopulation from the international community. More than ever, we need the \nsolid and continued support of the Afghan people for the presence of the \ninternational community in Afghanistan, both civilian and military.\n\n\n \n\n58\\. I welcome the deployment of additional troops. However, every effort \nmust be made to avoid a situation where more troops and more fighting lead to \nmore civilian casualties and behaviour that offends the population. Special \nforces operations must be urgently reviewed and efforts made to \u201cAfghanize\u201d \nthese operations. Also urgent is the need to review the use of air power in \npopulated areas. These reviews should consider all options and their possible \nimplications. Furthermore, I urge military authorities to provide adequate and \nongoing training of military personnel to avoid, to the extent possible,\npractices \nthat lead to the loss of civilian life and the alienation of the population,\nwhich \nwould overshadow any positive trends.\n\n\n \n\n59\\. It is of critical importance that the international civilian and military \npresence maintains its broad multinational character. Today, we see the\nresults \nof that presence. The progress described in the present report is attributable\nto \ncompetent Afghan ministers and officials, but would not have been possible \nwithout a broad international presence on the ground. To maintain momentum,\n\n\n12\n\n\n \n09-37014\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3418661, "type": "text", "content": "A/63/892 \nS/2009/323\n\n\nintimidation and assassinations carried out by insurgents. The significant\nincrease in \nAfghan and international troops fighting the insurgents could also result in\nan \nincrease in security incidents.\n\n\n \n\n24\\. In coordination with the Independent Directorate of Local Governance and\nthe \nInternational Security Assistance Force, UNAMA continued to pilot an\nintegrated \napproach in the five districts identified as critical for immediate action.\nThe Mission \nconsiders this approach to be a potentially significant contribution to\nstability in \nAfghanistan. It will be viable only if the Assistance Force and government \nauthorities, in particular the Independent Directorate, provide equally\ndedicated \nsupport.\n\n\n# V . Afghanistan National Development Strategy and donor \ncoordination efforts\n\n\n2 5. Following the Paris Conference, UNAMA identified, in consultation with\nthe \nGovernment and donors, five sectors that would be essential for Afghanistan\u2019s\nlong- \nterm economic growth, but have received insufficient attention from donors.\nThese \nare: agriculture, energy, private-sector development, capacity-building and\nhigher \neducation and vocational training.\n\n\n \n\n26\\. During the reporting period, encouraging progress was made in some of\nthese \npriority areas, also reaffirmed at the Conference held in The Hague. The Joint \nCoordination Monitoring Board took important decisions at its eleventh\nmeeting, \nheld on 19 April and co-chaired by my Special Representative and Senior\nMinister \nAmin Arsala, concerning a new national agriculture strategy, police reform,\nand \nprivate-sector development. The meeting of the Board was preceded by meetings\nof \nthe Board\u2019s Standing Committees, which had flagged these issues as being\ncritical \nfor the Board\u2019s attention.\n\n\n \n\n27\\. The new National Agriculture Development Framework was developed under \nthe leadership of the Afghan Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and\nLivestock, with \nsupport from the United Nations and the World Bank, to increase agricultural \nproduction, stimulate market development and create employment. The Minister \npresented five immediate priorities, which included the purchase of wheat seed\nfor \nthe next planting season, land leasing and access to credit. Also of\nparticular \nimportance is the new Comprehensive Agricultural and Rural Development\nFacility, \nwhich aims to reduce the threat of poppy production by increasing incentives\nfor the \ncultivation of licit crops. Following the decision of the Joint Coordination \nMonitoring Board to endorse the overall programme and priorities, the Ministry\nis \nnow conducting a gap assessment to stimulate and guide donor activities. UNAMA \nmaintains a constant dialogue with the Ministry in an effort to bring donors\ntogether \neffectively in support of strong Afghan leadership.\n\n\n \n\n28\\. The process of reforming and strengthening the Afghan National Police \ncontinued during the reporting period. The Ministry of the Interior is now\ntaking \nserious steps to fight corruption, enhance administrative accountability and\nimprove \nleadership and merit-based appointments. According to the Ministry, over 100 \npolice officers were dismissed and many are under prosecution. Specialized\nteams \nwere formed to assist the Ministry in building human resources management \nsystems for the police. A social monitoring mechanism is being prepared, which\n\n\n6\n\n\n \n09-37014\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3430479, "type": "text", "content": "attributed to Coalition members. It is rarely the case that a single civilian\ncasualty occurs solely \nfrom the actions of one nation\u2019s military activities. Coalition personnel from\nmultiple countries \ntake part in every strike in some manner, from the initial collection and\nanalysis of intelligence, \nto the Coalition\u2019s deliberate targeting process, and finally, in conducting\nthe strikes themselves. \nIn our view, this is the most appropriate way to view civilian casualty\nincidents related to \nCoalition action in Iraq and Syria. Public reports released by USCENTCOM about\ncivilian \ncasualties reflect this approach.\n\n\nD ue to the number of reports of civilian casualties in Iraq and Syria\nreceived during 2017 and the \nresources required to review each report, as of February 26, 2018, more than\n450 reports of \ncivilian casualties from 2017 remained to be assessed. As described below, DoD\ncontinues to \nassess reports and updates assessments if DoD receives additional information\non any report of \ncivilian casualties.\n\n\nA dditional Military Action in Syria. Additionally, on April 6, 2017, U.S.\nforces in the \nMediterranean Sea operating beyond the territorial sea of any State struck the\nShayrat military \nairfield in Syria in response to the chemical weapons attack on Syrian\ncivilians in southern Idlib \nProvince, Syria, on April 4, 2017. The strike, which involved 59 Tomahawk Land\nAttack \nmissiles, was assessed to have resulted in the damage or destruction of fuel\nand ammunition \nsites, air defense capabilities, and 20 percent of Syria\u2019s operational\naircraft. DoD has no credible \nreports of civilian casualties resulting from this strike.\n\n\nB. Operation FREEDOM\u2019S SENTINEL, including support to the North Atlantic \nTreaty Organization (NATO)-led RESOLUTE SUPPORT Mission\n\n\nD uring 2017, U.S. forces operated in Afghanistan to eliminate the reemergence\nof safe-havens \nthat enable terrorists to threaten the United States or its interests, support\nthe Afghan government \nand the Afghan military as they confront terrorist organizations in the field,\nand help create \nconditions to support a political process to achieve a lasting peace. In the\ncontext of the ongoing \narmed conflict in Afghanistan, U.S. forces in Afghanistan trained, advised,\nand assisted Afghan \nforces; conducted and supported counterterrorism actions against al-Qa\u2019ida and\nagainst ISIS; and \ntook appropriate measures against those who provide direct support to al-\nQa\u2019ida, threaten U.S. \nand Coalition forces, or threaten the viability of the Afghan government or\nthe ability of the \nAfghan National Defense and Security Forces to achieve campaign success.\n\n\nT hese actions included strikes, such as (1) the strike on February 26, 2017,\nthat killed Taliban \ncommander Mullah Abdul Salam, along with four other enemy combatants in\nKunduz; (2) the \nstrike on an ISIS tunnel complex in Achin district, Nangarhar Province, on\nApril 13, 2017, that \nwas designed to minimize the risk to Afghan and U.S. forces conducting\nclearing operations in \nthe area while maximizing the destruction of ISIS fighters and facilities; (3)\nthe strike on April\n\n\n6\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 221992, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='0' style='font-size:18px'>HIDING REPORT ON<br>FRATRICIDE IN<br>AFGHANISTAN DOESN\u2019T<br>MAKE IT GO AWAY</h1>\n<table id='1' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td></td><td>On</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Januar</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>y 20,</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>the</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>New</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>York</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Times</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>carrie</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>d what</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>they</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>at</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>first</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>thought was a scoop on a \u201cclassified\u201d<br>report (pdf) on Afghan military and police<br>personnel killing NATO forces. After they were<br>told that the Wall Street Journal had written on<br>the report back in June, they admitted as much<br>in a correction. They later added another<br>correction after I pointed out that a version of<br>the report clearly marked \u201cunclassified\u201d could<br>be found easily even though the Times referred<br>to the report as classified. It turns out that<br>the report had indeed been published first as<br>unclassified but then was retroactively<br>classified while the Wall Street Journal article<br>was being prepared.</p>\n<p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Events over the last few days serve to<br>demonstrate the folly of trying to hide damaging<br>information rather than openly reviewing it and<br>trying to learn lessons from it. The report in<br>question went into great detail to document the<br>cultural misunderstandings that exist between<br>NATO forces and their \u201cpartner\u201d Afghan forces,<br>and how these misunderstandings escalate to the<br>point that Afghan personnel end up killing NATO<br>personnel. In the executive summary of the<br>report, we learn that \u201cANSF members identified<br>numerous social, cultural and operational</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3418675, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='48' style='font-size:16px'>A/63/892<br>S/2009/323</header>\n<p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>intimidation and assassinations carried out by insurgents. The significant increase in<br>Afghan and international troops fighting the insurgents could also result in an<br>increase in security incidents.</p>\n<br><p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>24. In coordination with the Independent Directorate of Local Governance and the<br>International Security Assistance Force, UNAMA continued to pilot an integrated<br>approach in the five districts identified as critical for immediate action. The Mission<br>considers this approach to be a potentially significant contribution to stability in<br>Afghanistan. It will be viable only if the Assistance Force and government<br>authorities, in particular the Independent Directorate, provide equally dedicated<br>support.</p>\n<h1 id='51' style='font-size:20px'>V . Afghanistan National Development Strategy and donor<br>coordination efforts</h1>\n<p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>2 5. Following the Paris Conference, UNAMA identified, in consultation with the<br>Government and donors, five sectors that would be essential for Afghanistan\u2019s long-<br>term economic growth, but have received insufficient attention from donors. These<br>are: agriculture, energy, private-sector development, capacity-building and higher<br>education and vocational training.</p>\n<br><p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>26. During the reporting period, encouraging progress was made in some of these<br>priority areas, also reaffirmed at the Conference held in The Hague. The Joint<br>Coordination Monitoring Board took important decisions at its eleventh meeting,<br>held on 19 April and co-chaired by my Special Representative and Senior Minister<br>Amin Arsala, concerning a new national agriculture strategy, police reform, and<br>private-sector development. The meeting of the Board was preceded by meetings of<br>the Board\u2019s Standing Committees, which had flagged these issues as being critical<br>for the Board\u2019s attention.</p>\n<br><p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>27. The new National Agriculture Development Framework was developed under<br>the leadership of the Afghan Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock, with<br>support from the United Nations and the World Bank, to increase agricultural<br>production, stimulate market development and create employment. The Minister<br>presented five immediate priorities, which included the purchase of wheat seed for<br>the next planting season, land leasing and access to credit. Also of particular<br>importance is the new Comprehensive Agricultural and Rural Development Facility,<br>which aims to reduce the threat of poppy production by increasing incentives for the<br>cultivation of licit crops. Following the decision of the Joint Coordination<br>Monitoring Board to endorse the overall programme and priorities, the Ministry is<br>now conducting a gap assessment to stimulate and guide donor activities. UNAMA<br>maintains a constant dialogue with the Ministry in an effort to bring donors together<br>effectively in support of strong Afghan leadership.</p>\n<br><p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>28. The process of reforming and strengthening the Afghan National Police<br>continued during the reporting period. The Ministry of the Interior is now taking<br>serious steps to fight corruption, enhance administrative accountability and improve<br>leadership and merit-based appointments. According to the Ministry, over 100<br>police officers were dismissed and many are under prosecution. Specialized teams<br>were formed to assist the Ministry in building human resources management<br>systems for the police. A social monitoring mechanism is being prepared, which</p>\n<footer id='56' style='font-size:16px'>6</footer>\n<br><footer id='57' style='font-size:14px'>09-37014</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2800698, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='134' style='font-size:14px'>THREE ENEMIES \u2502 221</header>\n<p id='135' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>by members of the Afghan National Security Forces on US and NATO<br>personnel, claiming the lives of 70 coalition troops and wounding<br>110 others.31 One of the most egregious and horrific instances of an<br>insider threat occurred on the morning of 27 April 2011, when an<br>Afghan air force colonel killed eight Airmen and one contractor at<br>Kabul International Airport.32 Another incident demonstrated how a<br>determined, crafty suicide bomber could infiltrate a CIA base in east-<br>ern Afghanistan and kill eight Americans.33 This disturbing trend in-<br>tensified in 2012 as uniformed Afghan security forces conducted 46<br>insider attacks against coalition forces, killing 60 NATO personnel.34</p>\n<h1 id='136' style='font-size:18px'>Iraq 2003\u201312</h1>\n<br><p id='137' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Unlike enemy forces in Vietnam and Afghanistan, those in Iraq<br>were diverse and disorganized with wide-ranging skill sets. Iraqi<br>forces preferred to attack with IDF and appeared to lack the commit-<br>ment and sophistication needed for penetrating ground attacks.<br>Indeed, sapper attacks did not materialize in Iraq because they re-<br>quire highly complex, synchronized operations involving extensive<br>coordination, preparation, and training. The Vietcong were aligned<br>with a state power and used its training and organizational templates<br>to facilitate ground attacks. The Taliban in Afghanistan executed am-<br>bitious ground assaults on air bases and FOBs. Conversely, the insur-<br>gents in Iraq were disparate, uncoordinated, and most often at odds<br>with one another. They were united in one way only\u2014their<br>opposition to the US occupation of Iraq. Sharing this \u201cnegative\u201d goal<br>was the singular unifying theme of these multifarious insurgent<br>groups ranging from Sunni factions to Shiite militia to Islamist<br>groups like al-Qaeda. The Sunni-Shiite divide simply did not allow<br>for a united effort.</p>\n<br><p id='138' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Sunni groups used largely leftover munitions from the Hussein re-<br>gime to supply and sustain attacks against coalition forces. Inspira-<br>tion and support for Sunni insurgents came from a spectrum that<br>included al-Qaeda and Baathist holdouts. Syria encouraged Sunni<br>Arab insurgent groups and former Iraqi Baathists to organize and at-<br>tack American forces in Iraq.35</p>\n<br><p id='139' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Shiite groups were supported and inspired by Iran and Hezbollah.<br>The Iranian Quds Force, a special operations element of the Islamic<br>Revolutionary Guard Corps, ran three training camps modeled on<br>Hezbollah operations in which groups of 20 to 60 radical Iraqi Shiites</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 903267, "type": "text", "content": "Zahir put forth three specific measures in \nterms of which the US should: one, avoid \ntaking recourse to air strikes as part of its \nanti-Taliban operations; two, conduct \noperations only in consultation with the \nAfghan government; and, three, operate \nwith \"cultural sensitivity\", that is, \"in \nconducting searches and arrests, avoid \nheavy handed tactics and operate with \nrespect and minimal force. And where \ncivilian casualties do occur, there should \nbe apologies and accountability\".\n\n\nIn real terms, what Kabul has done is \nraise with the UN its differences with the \ncoalition forces which ostensibly operate \nunder a UN Security Council mandate. \nWashington and Brussels would have \npreferred that such sensitive issues were \nnot even brought before the UN Security \nCouncil, which may now demand \naccountability if it chooses.\n\n\nPrior to the UN Security Council debate, \nKarzai had reportedly dispatched to North \nAtlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) \nheadquarters in Brussels a draft \nagreement which stipulates that Kabul \nshould have control over the alliance's \ndeployments in Afghanistan. Apart from \ndetailing the ground rules of operation for \nNATO troops, the draft agreement \ndemands that any additional deployments \nof NATO troops and their location should \nhave clearance from Kabul. It specifically \nforbids the US-led forces from conducting \nsearches of Afghan homes.\n\n\n \n\nWithout doubt, Washington is now left \nwith no option but to factor Karzai's \nopposition to the \"surge\" strategy. Karzai \nhas demanded in particular that it is on \nAfghanistan's porous border with \nPakistan that any additional troops should \nbe deployed, whereas the US intention is \nto spread out the forces in the provinces\n\n\n \n\nwithin Afghanistan which have come \nunder the shadow of the Taliban.\n\n\n# European dissent\n\n\n \n\nIronically, Karzai's case may have \nreceived a boost from an unexpected \nquarter, thanks to the stance taken by \nParis and Berlin. France and Germany \nhave publicly broken ranks with the US's \nso-called \"surge' strategy in Afghanistan. \nThey have carefully chosen the week of \nBarrack Obama's inauguration as US \npresident to put their cards on the table. It \nis becoming all but clear that any call by \nObama for an increase in NATO troop \nlevels will largely fall on deaf years in the \nmajor European capitals unless he brings \nto bear his considerable personal \ncharisma on the European leadership.\n\n\n \n\nFrench Defense Minister Herve Morin \nsaid in an interview on Wednesday that \nFrance had no intentions of dispatching \nadditional troops to Afghanistan to \nsupplement its 2,600-strong contingent. \n\"As far as France is concerned, we have \nmade the necessary efforts and there is \nno question, for now, of considering extra \nreinforcements,\" he said.\n\n\nGermany's ruling Christian Democratic \nParty presented a package of proposals \nthis week to the Bundestag calling for a \nnew \"political strategy\" to end the conflict \nin Afghanistan. It calls for constituting a \n\"contact group\" on Afghanistan \ncomprising the five permanent members \nof the UN Security Council plus the \nEuropean Union, Iran and Pakistan, \nwhich will be mandated by the UN to work \nout a settlement.\n\n\nThe German proposal essentially \nrecommends an alternate political route \nto US military strategy. According to a \nDeutsche Welle report, German \nChancellor Angela Merkel indicated on \nTuesday that Obama might draw a blank\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 536129, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='82' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Kosovo, presenter was giving historical<br>information regarding the remnants of<br>an old monastery, which was located<br>almost 5km outside of Prizren town<br>center. He told that monastery was<br>destroyed by Ottomans, and with its<br>stones a mosque was built in Prizren<br>town center. Upon this disinformation<br>I raised my hand and asked permission<br>to speak about that remark. I told them<br>there was a church, which was still<br>sound and in use right 50 meters away<br>of aforementioned mosque. Considering<br>the logistics ability of that time it was not<br>logical to destroy a far away church and<br>use its stones for building a new mosque<br>in city center while there was another<br>church in city center. Moreover it was<br>a known fact that the Ottomans were<br>respectful to religious beliefs of people<br>and never stooped for destruction of a<br>church. Right after the visit, I \ufb01 lled a<br>complaintment about the presenter and<br>sent it to the commander of the sector.<br>A couple of days later, I received an<br>e-mail regarding my complaint, in which<br>commander wrote that they omitted the<br>controversial part from presentation.\u201d<br>This is a good example for advantages<br>of history knowledge. If this of\ufb01 cer had<br>not commented in time, everyone in the<br>brie\ufb01 ng room at that time and listeners of<br>forthcoming meetings would have been<br>misinformed, which later on might have<br>caused severe disputes among of\ufb01 cers of<br>multinational force and thereby mission</p>\n<br><h1 id='83' style='font-size:14px'>ef\ufb01 ciency would have lessened.</h1>\n<br><p id='84' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Naturally, the above-mentioned<br>challenges cause changes in command<br>actions of commanders. Otherwise,<br>of\ufb01 cers experience dif\ufb01 culties when<br>commanding multi national units in<br>a multi dimensional environment.<br>For instance, according to \ufb01 ndings,<br>commanders need native consultants<br>and interpreters in order to build healthy<br>relationships and command accurately.<br>Participant 6 clearly calls attention to<br>the matter: \u201cDuring ISAF mission we<br>seriously needed native interpreters<br>in order to make contact with locals<br>and Afghan soldiers, who were trained<br>and commanded by us\u201d. Besides,<br>commanders have to comprehend fast<br>changing conditions and go beyond usual</p>\n<br><p id='85' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>ways of coordinating and organizing,<br>be creative and bold to implement new<br>techniques and be open to new ideas.<br>Participant14\u2019s statement emphasizes<br>the importance of creativity: \u201cWhen you<br>experience ambiguity during mission and<br>when SOPs don\u2019t work, you have to \ufb01 nd<br>a way to solve the problems and continue<br>the mission. This is more than taking<br>initiative. This is creativity.\u201d Moreover,<br>acting in order to create an organization<br>culture among of\ufb01 cers and subordinates<br>may help formation of solidarity<br>among colleagues, as well. Therefore,<br>of\ufb01 cers and commanders have to be<br>ready for unexpected circumstances of<br>peacekeeping operations.</p>\n<br><p id='86' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Some of the effects on preparation of<br>commanders deriving from participants\u2019<br>ideas on peacekeeping operations<br>indicate that in order to succeed, of\ufb01 cer<br>speci\ufb01 c training programs should be<br>developed, by which of\ufb01 cers should<br>be given training about different<br>languages, cultures, religions and values<br>along with military habits of allies<br>in addition to organization theories<br>and coordination methods. Likewise<br>participant 3\u2019s statement about training<br>needs indicate the necessity of speci\ufb01 c<br>training programs for of\ufb01 cers. \u201cI believe<br>that it will be helpful, if of\ufb01 cers have<br>cultural awareness training, covering<br>knowledge about military traditions,<br>religions, national customs, daily habits,<br>abbreviations or military jargons of<br>each participating nation along with the<br>host nation prior to putting boots on the<br>ground.\u201d Besides, in order to deal with<br>and lead units equipped with various<br>kinds of armament, of\ufb01 cers should<br>possess certain hard and soft skills.<br>Participant10 points out the matter<br>smoothly: \u201cThe equipment and armament<br>of local Afghan military personnel were<br>old and ragged, about most of which we<br>had not much detailed knowledge. Many<br>times we felt that they didn\u2019t understand<br>what we thought. However they were<br>expecting us to train them.\u201d To that end,<br>of\ufb01 cers\u2019 both soft and hard skills have<br>to be improved through trainings and<br>they have to be ready mentally for future<br>operations. Soft skills simply refer<br>to communication, interpersonal and</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Based on the cultural misunderstandings identified in the report as causes for incidents, suggest two initiatives that could be implemented to reduce such misunderstandings between NATO and Afghan forces.	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 225, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 60529, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='23' style='font-size:14px'>Item 4 \u2013 Advisory Business</h1>\n<p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>MWM is a registered investment adviser solely owned by David Mattern and has been providing advisory services since<br>June 2019. As of December 31, 2020, MWM has $327,314,068 in discretionary assets and $8,328,284 in non-<br>discretionary assets, for a total of $335,642,352 in regulatory assets under management to report.</p>\n<p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>M WM offers a variety of advisory services, which include investment and wealth management, financial planning, and<br>consulting services. Prior to MWM rendering any of the foregoing services, clients are required to enter into one or more<br>written agreements with MWM setting forth the relevant terms and conditions of the advisory relationship (the \u2018Advisory<br>Agreement\u2019). MWM manages investment portfolios for individuals, high net worth individuals, trusts, businesses and<br>corporations. MWM will work with a client to determine the client's investment objectives and investor risk profile. These<br>investment objectives may be set forth in a written Investment Policy Statement (IPS) that describes an asset allocation<br>that conforms to a client\u2019s risk tolerance level and expected rate of return requirements. Investment and portfolio<br>allocation software is used to evaluate alternative portfolio designs. MWM evaluates clients\u2019 existing investments with<br>respect to their IPS and works with new clients to develop a plan to transition from a client\u2019s existing portfolio to the<br>portfolio recommended by MWM. MWM then continuously monitors clients\u2019 portfolio holdings and holds regular review<br>meetings with clients regarding their accounts, as necessary.</p>\n<p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>M WM will utilize the financial information provided by the client to analyze and develop strategies and solutions to assist<br>the client in meeting their financial goals. MWM will allocate a client\u2019s assets among various investments taking into<br>consideration the client\u2019s unique ability, need, and willingness to take risk.</p>\n<h1 id='27' style='font-size:14px'>Investment and Wealth Management Services</h1>\n<p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>MWM manages portfolios on a discretionary and, in very limited circumstances, non-discretionary basis. MWM may also<br>provide its clients with a broad range of services, as described in more detail below. MWM advises its clients by<br>delivering tailored wealth management services and solutions. These services are based on a comprehensive<br>understanding of each client\u2019s current situation, past experiences, and future goals. With this acquired knowledge MWM<br>will create, analyze, strategize, and implement goal-oriented investment solutions. These solutions become our client\u2019s<br>investment policy. This policy and our matched strategies are designed to be risk appropriate, cost effective and tax<br>efficient.</p>\n<p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>MWM provides clients with wealth management services which generally include a broad range of comprehensive<br>financial planning and consulting services, as well as discretionary and/or, in very limited circumstances, non-<br>discretionary management of investment portfolios.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2731019, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>strategies (i.e., active, passive, alternative strategies); and (b) specific investment managers<br>or passive investment vehicles that employ those strategies; and (5) reviewing and<br>reassessing the client\u2019s needs and goals, their investment portfolios, and repeating the<br>process on a regular, ongoing basis.</p>\n<p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>O ur investment advisory services begin with a comprehensive assessment of the client\u2019s<br>financial and other circumstances to understand their needs and goals and their Wealth<br>Enterprise. WE advises client portfolios in accordance with each client\u2019s investment<br>objectives, typically taking into consideration factors such as the client\u2019s risk tolerance, time<br>horizon, tax issues, estate planning, liquidity and cash flow needs, any client-specific<br>restrictions or constraints, and other relevant information.</p>\n<p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>According to a client\u2019s needs and goals, WE develops and recommends an appropriate<br>strategic portfolio asset allocation for the client. On a periodic basis, WE may recommend<br>tactical changes in those allocations to take advantage of conditions in the current economic<br>environment. These tactical asset allocation changes are typically short-term<br>underweighting or overweighting (as compared with the strategic allocations) of a particular<br>asset class or classes and are designed to capitalize on current economic or market trends<br>and conditions. Depending on a particular client\u2019s needs and goals, or the nature of a<br>particular tactical tilt, WE may or may not recommend a particular tactical change in that<br>client\u2019s asset allocation.</p>\n<p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>W E also recommends investment strategies associated with Values-Aligned Investing which<br>utilizes traditional financial measures as well as environmental, social and governance<br>factors into the portfolio management process. It also places importance on both the<br>financial return and the social and environmental impact of the portfolio. Our process begins<br>with helping clients define a Values-Aligned strategy that incorporates the client\u2019s values as<br>well as their overall financial objectives and then continues with portfolio diagnostics,<br>selective sourcing, deep due diligence, portfolio implementation, continuous monitoring and<br>finally, bespoke reporting. We also work with clients to align client values to their<br>philanthropy through foundation investments and grant strategies.</p>\n<br><p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>To implement our recommended strategic and tactical asset allocations at the client portfolio<br>level, WE typically recommends particular strategies in each of the portfolio\u2019s selected asset<br>classes. To execute these strategies, WE recommends only unaffiliated, third-party<br>investment managers, funds, and other investments that employ that strategy. Examples of<br>the kinds of investments WE recommends executing a given strategy include, without<br>limitation: mutual funds, exchange traded funds, limited partnerships such as hedge funds<br>or private equity, or managed accounts.</p>\n<p id='39' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>To evaluate the managers and funds WE recommends to our clients, WE employs both<br>quantitative and qualitative techniques to identify managers, funds and other investments<br>that are well-suited to our client\u2019s investment and financial objectives. To support and<br>supplement the analysis and expertise provided by our own Investment Research Group, WE<br>has an agreement with an unaffiliated consultant investment adviser, LCG Associates, Inc., to<br>provide us with asset allocation and investment manager selection information and advice.</p>\n<br><footer id='40' style='font-size:14px'>6</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3527669, "type": "text", "content": "provided financial documents, we determine the cost to provide the requested\nservice(s), communicate the \nproposed fee to you, and finalize, upon receiving your affirmation to move\nforward, a written agreement.\n\n\nO nce the written agreement is in place, we provide you with a list of the\nfinancial documents we will require \nto supplement what you already provided to us as part of the free\nconsultation. This information typically \nincludes everything necessary to create a personal balance sheet and income\nstatement and may include tax \nreturns, bank and credit card statements, mortgage statements, insurance\npolicies, employee benefit \ninformation, brokerage statements, and any trust or estate documents.\n\n\nT he next step in our financial planning process is to evaluate your current\nfinancial situation with the aid of \nfinancial planning software and other research tools. We consider various\nscenarios to determine alternatives \nfor achieving your financial objectives and potential problem areas requiring\nfurther discussion. We present \nour findings with you and discuss whether we need to refine any of our\nassumptions and/or \nrecommendations. Ultimately the objective is to prioritize a set of goals and\nhelp you chart a course for \nattaining those goals.\n\n\nW e believe that a financial plan must be properly implemented and\nconsistently monitored. Therefore, we \nremain available to coordinate our services with those of your other advisors\n(accountant, attorney, \ninsurance agent, business manager, agent, etc.).\n\n\n# I nvestment Management\n\n\nO ur Investment Advisory Agreement allows us to execute trades for your\naccounts without requiring your \nprior approval. This is known as discretion. Your investment advisory\nagreement will detail the accounts for \nwhich we provide investment advice and the accounts on which we will charge a\nfee.\n\n\nO ur investment philosophy is primarily that of a long-term, low-turnover\nstrategy in a balanced, well- \ndiversified portfolio. We believe we can achieve diversification and meet\nclient objectives through the \nappropriate allocation of mutual funds, exchange traded funds and alternative\ninvestments. Our seven core \ninvesting principles are as follows:\n\n\n1\\. Proper Asset Allocation. Long-term success or failure is largely dependent\nupon the appropriate \nmix of equities, fixed income, and alternatives. \n2\\. Broad Diversification. Minimize risk to smooth investment returns over\ntime. \n3\\. Tax Efficiency. Employ multiple strategies to minimize the tax impact on\nportfolios. \n4\\. Elimination of Excessive Costs. Even the smallest expense can have a large\nimpact over time. \n5\\. Rebalance Systematically. Portfolio discipline in maintaining an\nappropriate asset allocation \nhelps reduce risk and capture better long-term returns. \n6\\. Tilt towards \u201cValue\u201d Companies. Historical data validates that a \u201cvalue\u201d\ntilt usually results in \nbetter long-term performance. \n7\\. Promote Disciplined Investor Behavior. Discipline and patience are\nnecessary to invest \nsuccessfully.\n\n\nCypress Point provides ongoing investment advisory services including the\nfollowing:\n\n\n\u2022 Development of an asset allocation strategy that considers risk tolerance,\ntime horizon, and \nfinancial objectives\n\n\nC ypress Point Wealth Management, LLC\n\n\n \nPage 5 of 28\n\n\n \nForm ADV\u2013 Disclosure Brochure\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 54998, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='60' style='font-size:18px'>THE AMERIFLEX GROUP\u00ae, INC.</header>\n<br><header id='61' style='font-size:14px'>FORM ADV PART 2A \u2013 FIRM BROCHURE</header>\n<p id='62' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>Generational Planning;<br>\u2022 Retirement and Educational Funding;<br>\u2022 Retirement Income Planning;<br>\u2022 Estate Planning;<br>\u2022 Tax Mitigation Strategies;</p>\n<br><p id='63' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>Allocation, and Investment Portfolio<br>Review;<br>\u2022 Marriage and Divorce Transition<br>Planning;<br>\u2022 Charitable Giving; and<br>\u2022 Estate Settlement.</p>\n<p id='64' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>O ur written financial plans typically include general recommendations for a course of<br>activity or specific actions to be taken by the client with respect to the covered financial<br>topics. For example, recommendations may be made that the client begin or revise certain<br>investment programs, create or revise wills or trusts, obtain or revise insurance coverage,<br>commence or alter retirement savings, or establish education savings or charitable giving<br>programs. The client is provided with a written summary of their financial situation, our<br>observations, and financial planning recommendations. For topic specific consulting<br>engagements, we will provide the client with a shorter written report or checklist<br>summarizing our observations and recommended actions for the client to address the<br>selected financial topics.</p>\n<p id='65' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Our Financial Planning and Consulting Services are provided to you on a non-<br>discretionary basis \u2013 you always retain the sole discretion to accept or reject our investment<br>recommendations, in whole or in part \u2013 and the responsibility to implement such<br>recommendations utilizing the service providers of your choice. Unless otherwise agreed,<br>the client is solely responsible for the monitoring of the client\u2019s investments under this<br>service. The client is never under any obligation to use AmeriFlex\u00ae or any of its<br>representatives to implement any of the financial planning and consulting advice provided.</p>\n<p id='66' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>O ur Financial Planning and Consulting Services may include recommendations that the<br>client engage certain third-party professionals, for example, attorneys, accountants, and<br>insurance agents. We do not provide you with any legal, tax, or accounting advice, opinions<br>or documents. We are not liable for the acts, errors or omissions of any recommended third-<br>party providers and do not receive any compensation in connection with referring our<br>clients to any third-party providers.</p>\n<p id='67' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>O ur Financial Planning and Consulting Services are available either on an annual (retainer)<br>basis or on a one-time (per project) basis. For annual financial planning engagements, we<br>will deliver an initial written financial plan and meet with the client at least once annually<br>thereafter to review the plan, track the client\u2019s progress towards his or her financial goals,<br>and update the plan accordingly. For one-time financial planning/topical consulting<br>engagements, the client may select a discrete financial topic or topics upon which they<br>would like to receive our financial advice. Once the written financial report or checklist<br>covering the selected topics is delivered to the client, the engagement is concluded and no<br>further update or review of the financial report or checklist is provided unless specifically<br>requested by the client, subject to the client\u2019s payment of additional fees.</p>\n<footer id='68' style='font-size:18px'>5</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 54997, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='51' style='font-size:18px'>THE AMERIFLEX GROUP\u00ae, INC.</header>\n<br><header id='52' style='font-size:14px'>FORM ADV PART 2A \u2013 FIRM BROCHURE</header>\n<p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>A meriFlex\u00ae (or a third party retained by AmeriFlex\u00ae) shall conduct due diligence on each<br>recommended TPMM prior to making a recommendation to the client. In its review of<br>prospective TPMM\u2019s, AmeriFlex\u00ae shall consider among other factors, the prospective<br>TPMM\u2019s fees and reputation, past performance, financial strength, management, and<br>reporting capabilities, in conjunction with the client\u2019s financial profile. After such due<br>diligence is completed, the IAR shall present the client with his or her recommendations<br>to engage one or more TPMM(s) and arrange for the delivery of each recommended<br>TPMM\u2019s firm brochure (typically in the form of Form ADV Part 2A) to the client. Clients<br>are encouraged to carefully read and understand this document and to address any<br>questions or concerns with us and/or the recommended TPMM(s) before engaging them<br>for advisory services.</p>\n<p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>I f the client wishes to engage any of the recommended TPMM(s), the IAR shall serve as a<br>\u201cco-advisor\u201d to the client\u2019s account together with the recommended TPMM(s). Under this<br>arrangement, the TPMM(s) will be granted discretionary authority to trade the client\u2019s<br>account and shall be responsible for portfolio management, best execution, portfolio<br>reporting, trading, trade error resolution, and custodian reconciliations (all of which shall<br>be provided in accordance with the TPMM\u2019s firm brochure). The IAR shall maintain an<br>ongoing advisory relationship with the client and act as a \u201cmanager of managers\u201d on the<br>client\u2019s behalf, monitoring the investment performance of the TPMM(s) engaged by client,<br>making recommendations regarding the termination or reallocation of assets between and<br>among TPMM(s), consulting with the client and the TPMM(s) periodically as required or<br>appropriate, and generally acting as the client\u2019s primary advisor.</p>\n<br><p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>A s a result of AmeriFlex\u00ae and the TPMM having different roles, the client shall typically<br>engage each in a separate written agreement. The client will enter a \u201cSelection of Third<br>Party Investment Advisory Services Agreement\u201d with AmeriFlex\u00ae. This agreement<br>outlines the ongoing services to be provided to the client by AmeriFlex\u00ae and the fees<br>associated with those services. It will also allow AmeriFlex\u00ae the ability to monitor<br>performance of the TPMM(s) on behalf of the client. The client will also sign a separate<br>written advisory agreement with the selected TPMM(s) that will detail its/their separate<br>services and advisory fees.</p>\n<p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>F inancial Planning and Consulting Services. We offer traditional Financial Planning and<br>Consulting Services that are tailored to assist our clients in the management of their<br>financial affairs based on the client\u2019s unique financial situation and assets, risk profile,<br>investment time horizon, and investment goals. These services may encompass advice<br>regarding, without limitation, some or all of the following financial topics:</p>\n<p id='57' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>\u2022 Cash Flow and Debt;<br>Analysis/Budgeting;<br>\u2022 Asset Protection Strategies;<br>\u2022 Insurance Coverage/Planning Analysis;<br>\u2022 Business Succession/Multi-</p>\n<br><p id='58' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>\u2022 Major Purchase Planning and Advice;<br>\u2022 Executive Compensation<br>Optimization;<br>\u2022 Stock Option Analysis;<br>\u2022 Wealth Management, Asset</p>\n<footer id='59' style='font-size:18px'>4</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2003242, "type": "text", "content": "Item 5 \u2013 Fees and Compensation\n\n\nI n addition to the information provide in Item 4 \u2013 Advisory Business, this\nsection provides additional \ndetails regarding our Firm\u2019s services along with descriptions of each\nservice\u2019s fees and compensation \narrangements.\n\n\n# Investment Supervisory Services\n\n\n \n\nRaffa Investment Advisers believes that our annual fees are reasonable for the\nclient services provided \nand based on the fees charged by other investment advisers offering similar\nservices. However, our fees \ncan be higher than those charged for similar services by other firms.\n\n\nR affa Investment Advisers provides investment supervisory services defined as\ngiving continuous \ninvestment advice to a client and making investments for the client based on\nthe individual needs of the \nclient. Through this service, Raffa Investment Advisers offers a customized\nand individualized investment \nprogram for clients. Various investment strategies are provided through this\nservice; however, a specific \ninvestment plan is crafted for each client to focus on the specific client\u2019s\ngoals and objectives (See Item 8 \n\u2013 Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss for more\ninformation).\n\n\nO ur service is implemented on a discretionary or non-discretionary basis as\nagreed to with the client (See \nItem 16 \u2013 Investment Discretion for more information), managed by us and/or\nunaffiliated investment \nmanagers we recommend, and primarily through mutual funds and exchange traded\nfunds that invest in \nequities, bonds, cash-equivalents, REITs, and other instruments.\n\n\nW hen Raffa Investment Advisers provides management services, the Firm\ntypically requires clients open \nan account through the Schwab Institutional platform of Charles Schwab &\nCompany, Inc. However, \nupon approval of Raffa Investment Advisers, clients may direct the Firm to\nmanage an account at a \nbroker-dealer or other qualified custodian selected by the client. See Item 12\n\u2013 Brokerage Practices for \nmore information.\n\n\nR affa Investment Advisers will provide investment consulting services that\nrelate to matters such as \nallocation of assets among different classes, portfolio diversification,\nmanaging portfolio risk, and other \ngeneral economic and financial topics. Account supervision is guided by the\nstated objectives of the \nclient and all managed accounts will be maintained with an independent\ncustodian.\n\n\nT he Firm employs an asset allocation strategy focused on the efficient-market\ntheory and the Fama- \nFrench Three Factor Model.\n\n\nB elow are the guidelines that are followed when managing a client\u2019s\nportfolio:\n\n\n\uf0b7 Individual client investment objectives are identified by assessing the\nclient's risk tolerance based \nupon their age, income, education, need for cash flows, investment goals, and\nemotional \ntolerance for volatility. The information provided by the client will be\ncollected during client \nmeetings, interviews, and/or questionnaires;\n\n\n\uf0b7 Institutional (nonprofit or association) client investment objectives are\nidentified by assessing the \norganization\u2019s risk tolerance based upon the organization\u2019s need for cash\nflows from the \ninvestment portfolio, investment goals, and emotional tolerance for\nvolatility. The information \nprovided by the client will be collected during client meetings, interviews,\nand/or questionnaires;\n\n\nRaffa Wealth Management, LLC d/b/a Raffa Investment Advisers\n\n\n \n6\n\n\n \nForm ADV Part 2A Disclosure Brochure\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 815348, "type": "text", "content": "Fiduciary Services\n\n\nI . Non-Discretionary Advisory Services\n\n\n \n\n(a) Plan Review (Design, Operations and Documentation). Your Advisory\nRepresentative \nmay:\n\n\n\u2022 Recommend protocols to help the plan\u2019s named fiduciary establish a plan \ncommittee to prudently manage and administer the plan. The named fiduciary \nis solely responsible for implementing the committee\u2019s protocols and for \nappointing or removing committee members. However, the Advisory \nRepresentative may train committee members regarding fiduciary duties and \nhelp coordinate regular meetings. \n\u2022 Update the named fiduciary about current and proposed legislative\ninitiatives. \n\u2022 Provide fiduciary training as needed (upon request). \n\u2022 Help with updates to existing procedures and provide recommendations \nregarding plan operation, documentation and establishing an audit file. \n\u2022 Help develop requirements for responding to participant requests and \nreconciling participant disclosures under Section 404(a)(5) of the Employee \nRetirement Security Act of 1974 (ERISA).\n\n\n(b) Benchmark Plan Expenses. Your Advisory Representative may meet with the\nnamed \nfiduciary and conduct a periodic review of fees and costs charged to the plan\nby other service \nproviders. \n(c) Plan Investment Policy Statement. Along with the named fiduciary, your\nAdvisory \nRepresentative can review the investment objectives, risk tolerance and goals\nof the plan. If \nthe plan does not have an investment policy statement (IPS), the Advisory\nRepresentative \ncan recommend investment polices to assist the named fiduciary in establishing\nan \nappropriate IPS. If the plan has an existing IPS, the Advisory Representative\ncan review it \nfor consistency with the plan\u2019s objectives; if it does not represent the\nobjectives, the Advisory \nRepresentative can recommend revisions to establish investment policies\nconsistent with \nplan objectives. \n(d) Recommendations Regarding Investment Options and/or Investment Managers.\nThe \nAdvisory Representative may provide the following services:\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Based on the plan\u2019s IPS or other established investment guidelines, the \nAdvisory Representative can review investment options available and make \nrecommendations to the named fiduciary. \n\u2022 Once the named fiduciary approves any model portfolios, default investment \nalternative(s) (DIAs) or qualified default investment alternative(s) (QDIAs), \nthe Advisory Representative can provide periodic reports, information and \nrecommendations designed to assist in monitoring plan investments. If an \ninvestment must be removed due to IPS criteria, the Advisory \nRepresentative can provide information and analyses to evaluate \nreplacement investment alternatives for model portfolios. Upon reasonable \nrequest, the Advisory Representative can also make recommendations to \nrebalance the model portfolios in order to maintain their desired allocations. \n\u2022 Based on the IPS or other established guidelines, the Advisory \nRepresentative can review potential investment managers and make \nrecommendations for selecting one or more managers for the plan. Once the \nnamed fiduciary approves the investment manager, the Advisory \nRepresentative can periodically provide reports, information and \nrecommendations to assist in monitoring the managers. If a manager must \nbe removed due to IPS criteria, the Advisory Representative can provide \ninformation and analyses to evaluate replacement investment managers.\n\n\nAPA IA Brochure 2021.1\n\n\n \n12\n\n\n \nCurrent as of March 31, 2021\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1055230, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='22' style='font-size:14px'>Item 16 Investment Discretion</h1>\n<p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>For our discretionary advisory services, in order for us to actively manage your assets, we require that you<br>appoint us as attorney-in-fact with full discretionary trading authority under our Investment Advisory<br>Agreement. This will allow us to buy or sell securities, as well as specify the amount of securities to invest,<br>without first obtaining your specific consent. This authority is limited to the transfer or exchange of your<br>funds between asset classes within mutual fund families, variable insurance product sub-accounts, ETFs,<br>and/or other securities agreed to by you in accordance with the strategy selected by you. You are<br>responsible for any transaction costs associated with the management of your assets unless otherwise<br>agreed to by us as part of our wrap fee program. In cases where we determine the broker or dealer to be<br>used, we will seek to obtain the best execution possible under the circumstances. You have the right to<br>impose reasonable restrictions on CLS\u2019s management of your account. For example, you may instruct us<br>not to purchase specific securities or types of securities. If we are unable to accommodate your request<br>for any reason, we will notify you immediately.</p>\n<br><p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Upon termination of our investment management services, we will have no obligation or authority to<br>recommend or take any action with regard to your account.</p>\n<p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>A s noted above, CLS\u2019s also provides non-discretionary advisory services to certain clients.</p>\n<footer id='26' style='font-size:14px'>44</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 54996, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='43' style='font-size:18px'>THE AMERIFLEX GROUP\u00ae, INC.</header>\n<br><header id='44' style='font-size:14px'>FORM ADV PART 2A \u2013 FIRM BROCHURE</header>\n<p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>managers (each a \u201cProgram Manager\u201d) such as BlackRock Investment<br>Management, LLC and Vanguard Advisers, Inc. This service is offered, at the<br>client\u2019s election, either on a discretionary or non-discretionary basis.</p>\n<br><p id='46' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The Unified Managed Account/Separately Managed Account Program<br>(collectively, the \u201cUMA Portfolios\u201d) provides you with the opportunity to invest<br>your assets across multiple investment strategies and asset classes by implementing<br>an asset allocation strategy. The asset allocation models we may recommend under<br>this program may incorporate some or all of the following: (i) the use of third party<br>Program Managers who will manage your portfolio pursuant to a pre-determined<br>equity or fixed income model or investment strategy; (ii) mutual funds; or (iii) ETFs<br>(individually or collectively, \u201cUMA Investments\u201d). Your UMA Investments will<br>be managed according to the selected asset allocation model and will be managed<br>in one or a series of separately managed accounts (collectively, \u201cSMA\u201d) or in a<br>single unified managed account (\u201cUMA\u201d). Depending on the account structure<br>selected by the client, these services may be provided either on a discretionary or<br>non-discretionary basis.</p>\n<br><p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Irrespective of the WMP Program selected, we will monitor the performance of your<br>portfolio on an ongoing basis and implement and/or recommend changes within your<br>account as needed or appropriate, in consideration of current economic conditions, our<br>market opinions and assumptions, and your individual financial circumstances and goals.<br>Clients are advised to promptly notify us if there are changes in their financial situation,<br>needs and objectives which might necessitate an adjustment to their portfolio.</p>\n<p id='48' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>F or further details related to the nature of the services and fees associated with participation<br>in any of the WMP Programs, please see the separate written brochures related to each<br>prepared by the WMP Program\u2019s sponsor, Vision2020. We will provide copies of these<br>separate brochure(s) to you prior to or concurrent with your enrollment in any of the WMP<br>Programs. Please read each applicable brochure thoroughly before investing. You may<br>contact us or Vision2020 if you have any questions regarding the WMP Programs.</p>\n<p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>T hird Party Money Manager Selection and Monitoring Services. We offer Third Party<br>Money Manager Selection and Monitoring Services that are tailored to your unique<br>financial profile. We will consult with you and review your overall financial circumstances<br>and determine an appropriate set of investment goals, your investment time horizon, and<br>level of risk tolerance. We will also inquire regarding any investment restrictions or<br>limitations you wish to place on the management of your account by any independent third<br>party money managers (each a \u201cTPMM\u201d) we may recommend to you. We will use the<br>information gathered during our consultation(s) to recommend appropriate TPMM(s) for<br>management of all or a portion of your investment portfolio. The particular TPMM(s)<br>recommended will depend on your financial circumstances, goals and objectives, desired<br>investment strategy, account size, risk tolerance, and/or other factors. Our IARs will work<br>collaboratively with each client to determine which TPMM(s) may be appropriate. The<br>Client always makes the final decision with respect to the engagement or termination of<br>any recommended TPMM(s).</p>\n<footer id='50' style='font-size:18px'>3</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1055179, "type": "text", "content": "# Item 16 Investment Discretion\n\n\nFor our discretionary advisory services, in order for us to actively manage\nyour assets, we require that you \nappoint us as attorney-in-fact with full discretionary trading authority under\nour Investment Advisory \nAgreement. This will allow us to buy or sell securities, as well as specify\nthe amount of securities to invest, \nwithout first obtaining your specific consent. This authority is limited to\nthe transfer or exchange of your \nfunds between asset classes within mutual fund families, variable insurance\nproduct sub-accounts, ETFs, \nand/or other securities agreed to by you in accordance with the strategy\nselected by you. You are \nresponsible for any transaction costs associated with the management of your\nassets unless otherwise \nagreed to by us as part of our wrap fee program. In cases where we determine\nthe broker or dealer to be \nused, we will seek to obtain the best execution possible under the\ncircumstances. You have the right to \nimpose reasonable restrictions on CLS\u2019s management of your account. For\nexample, you may instruct us \nnot to purchase specific securities or types of securities. If we are unable\nto accommodate your request \nfor any reason, we will notify you immediately.\n\n\n \n\nUpon termination of our investment management services, we will have no\nobligation or authority to \nrecommend or take any action with regard to your account.\n\n\nA s noted above, CLS\u2019s also provides non-discretionary advisory services to\ncertain clients.\n\n\n44\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Suppose a client opts for a non-discretionary service model and later decides to change financial goals. What steps should be taken to align their investment strategy with the new financial goals?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 228, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["temporal reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 130824, "type": "html", "content": "<br><p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Nov. 24-29 Thanksgiving Break<br>Dec. 22 End of 2nd Quarter<br>Dec. 20-Jan 3 Christmas Break<br>Jan. 3 Teacher PD Day<br>Jan. 4 Begin 3rd Quarter<br>Jan. 17 Martin Luther King Jr. Day<br>Feb. 21 Presidents Day<br>Mar. 4 End of 3rd Quarter<br>Mar. 8 Begin 4th Quarter<br>Mar. 14 In-Session<br>Mar. 17-21 Spring Break<br>Mar. 28 Snow Make-up if Needed/PD<br>Apr. 15-18 Easter Break<br>Apr. 11 Snow Make-up if Needed/PD<br>Apr. 25 Snow Make-up if Needed/PD<br>May 2 Snow Make-up if Needed/NO<br>School<br>May 9 Snow Make-up if Needed/PD<br>May 13 Graduation 7:30 pm<br>May 16 In-Session<br>May 20 Students\u2019 Last Day<br>Dismiss @ 11:30 AM<br>May 23 & 24 Teacher Work Days<br>May 30 Memorial Day</p>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>June 1-28 Summer School</p>\n<p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>School Day = 7:45 AM - 3:30 PM</p>\n<br><table id='15' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td colspan=\"7\">JANUARY 2022</td></tr><tr><td>SU</td><td>M</td><td>T</td><td>W</td><td>TH</td><td>F</td><td>SA</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>10</td><td>11</td><td>12</td><td>13</td><td>14</td><td>15</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>17</td><td>18</td><td>19</td><td>20</td><td>21</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td>24</td><td>25</td><td>26</td><td>27</td><td>28</td><td>29</td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>31</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>\n<p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>FEBRUARY 2022</p>\n<br><table id='17' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>SU</td><td>M</td><td>T</td><td>W</td><td>TH</td><td>F</td><td>SA</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>9</td><td>10</td><td>11</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>14</td><td>15</td><td>16</td><td>17</td><td>18</td><td>19</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>21</td><td>22</td><td>23</td><td>24</td><td>25</td><td>26</td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>28</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>\n<table id='18' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td colspan=\"7\">MARCH 2022</td></tr><tr><td>SU</td><td>M</td><td>T</td><td>W</td><td>TH</td><td>F</td><td>SA</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>9</td><td>10</td><td>11</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>14</td><td>15</td><td>16</td><td>17</td><td>18</td><td>19</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>21</td><td>22</td><td>23</td><td>24</td><td>25</td><td>26</td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>28</td><td>29</td><td>30</td><td>31</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>\n<table id='19' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td colspan=\"7\">APRIL 2022</td></tr><tr><td>SU</td><td>M</td><td>T</td><td>W</td><td>TH</td><td>F</td><td>SA</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>11</td><td>12</td><td>13</td><td>14</td><td>15</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>18</td><td>19</td><td>20</td><td>21</td><td>22</td><td>23</td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>25</td><td>26</td><td>27</td><td>28</td><td>29</td><td>30</td></tr></table>\n<table id='20' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td colspan=\"7\">MAY 2022</td></tr><tr><td>SU</td><td>M</td><td>T</td><td>W</td><td>TH</td><td>F</td><td>SA</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>9</td><td>10</td><td>11</td><td>12</td><td>13</td><td>14</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>16</td><td>17</td><td>18</td><td>19</td><td>20</td><td>21</td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>23</td><td>24</td><td>25</td><td>26</td><td>27</td><td>28</td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td>30</td><td>31</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>\n<p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>5 AMI Virtual Learning Days<br>included (Already built into the<br>Calendar and will be notified when<br>utilizing)<br>Additional Weather Make-up Days if<br>needed: March 28, April 11, April<br>25, May 2, and May 9.</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1190728, "type": "html", "content": "<br><table id='31' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>22\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026...End</td><td>of \ufb01rst semester- 85 days Early Staggered Dismissal</td></tr><tr><td>24-31\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026..\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.....Winter</td><td>Break</td></tr></table>\n<p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>January 2022</p>\n<br><table id='33' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>1-5\u2026....\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026...Winter</td><td>break</td></tr><tr><td>5\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026...\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.Teacher</td><td>Inservice</td></tr><tr><td>6\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..First</td><td>day of second semester</td></tr><tr><td>17\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..Martin</td><td>L. King Day/No school</td></tr></table>\n<p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>February 2022</p>\n<br><table id='35' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>2\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026..Early</td><td>Staggered Dismissal/Inservice</td></tr><tr><td>15 &</td><td>16\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026...\u2026\u2026..\u2026.Parent/Teacher Conferences</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Elementary 4:00-8:00 pm</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Secondary 5:00-9:00 pm</td></tr><tr><td>17\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026.\u2026.Staff</td><td>inservice/No school</td></tr><tr><td>18\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026....\u2026...\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026...\u2026\u2026\u2026.No</td><td>school</td></tr><tr><td>21\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026...No</td><td>school/President\u2019s Day</td></tr></table>\n<p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>March 2022</p>\n<br><p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>11\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026....\u2026...End of third quarter- 42 days<br>11....\u2026..No school/Inservice/Snow Day Make-up<br>14\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026...Fourth quarter begins<br>30\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026\u2026Early Staggered Dismissal/Inservice</p>\n<p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>April 2022</p>\n<br><table id='39' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>1\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..\u2026.\u2026.No</td><td>school/Snow Day Make-up</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>14-18...\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026....Spring break</td></tr><tr><td>27\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026Early</td><td>Staggered Dismissal/Inservice</td></tr></table>\n<p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>May 2022</p>\n<br><p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>15.\u2026\u2026\u2026..\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..\u2026..Graduation<br>27......End of second semester/Early Staggered<br>Dismissal<br>30\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026...Memorial Day<br>31 & June 1 \u2026..\u2026Teacher year-end workshop day</p>\n<br><table id='42' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>Conferences</td><td rowspan=\"3\">Snow make up days if needed March 11, April 14, May 25, 26, 27</td></tr><tr><td>No School In-Service</td></tr><tr><td>No School</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Early Staggered Dismissal</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Elem: 11:40 Middle: 11:50 High: 12:00</td></tr></table>\n<p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>School year August 18-May 27 - 176 Student Days needed - 9 Teacher Inservice Days<br>1 Contract day for P/T Conferences - 186 Total Contract Days - Summer School June 6-June 30</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 150780, "type": "html", "content": "<br><table id='34' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td>Sun</td><td>Mon 0</td><td>Tue 1</td><td>Wed 2</td><td></td><td>Thu 3</td><td>Fri Sat</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">August 29</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>WPD 30</td><td>WPD 3</td><td>1 WPD 1</td><td>WPD 2 A B</td><td>X 3 A</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>H</td><td>6 B</td><td>7 8 A B</td><td>9 A</td><td>10 B</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>13 A</td><td>14</td><td>15 B</td><td>16</td><td>17</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>20</td><td>21</td><td>A 22</td><td>B 23</td><td>A 24</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>B 27</td><td>28</td><td>A B 29</td><td>A 30</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">October 2021</td></tr><tr><td>Sun</td><td>Mon</td><td>Tue</td><td>Wed</td><td>Thu</td><td>Fri</td><td>Sat</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>B 1</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>A</td><td>B A 5 6</td><td>B 7</td><td>8</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>11</td><td>A</td><td>B A 13</td><td>B 14</td><td>A 15</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td></td><td>12 B</td><td>A B</td><td>A</td><td>22</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>18</td><td>19 B</td><td>20 A</td><td>21</td><td></td><td>23</td></tr><tr><td>24 31</td><td>45 25</td><td>26</td><td>B 27</td><td>A 28</td><td>B 29</td><td>30</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">November 2021</td></tr><tr><td>Sun</td><td>Mon</td><td>Tue</td><td>Wed</td><td>Thu</td><td>Fri</td><td>Sat</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>A 1</td><td>2</td><td>B A 3</td><td>B 4</td><td>A 5</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>B 8</td><td>A 9</td><td>B 10</td><td>H 11</td><td>A 12</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>B 15</td><td>A 16</td><td>B 17</td><td>A 18</td><td>B 19</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td></td><td>A B</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td>22 A 29</td><td>23 30</td><td>W 24 B</td><td>H 25</td><td>X 26</td><td>27</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">December 2021</td></tr><tr><td>Sun</td><td>Mon</td><td>Tue</td><td>Wed</td><td>Thu</td><td>Fri</td><td>Sat</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>A 1</td><td>B 2</td><td>A 3</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>B 6</td><td>A 7</td><td>B 8</td><td>A 9</td><td>B 10</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>A</td><td>B A</td><td>B</td><td>A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>13</td><td>14</td><td>15</td><td>16</td><td>17</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>X 20</td><td>X 21</td><td>X 22</td><td>X 23</td><td>X 24</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>X 27</td><td>X 28</td><td>X 29</td><td>X 30</td><td>X 31</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">January 2022</td></tr><tr><td>Sun</td><td>Mon 83</td><td>Tue 84</td><td>Wed</td><td>Thu</td><td>Fri</td><td>Sat</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>B 3</td><td></td><td>A B 4 5</td><td>A 6</td><td>B 7</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>A 10</td><td>11</td><td>B A 12</td><td>B 13</td><td>A 14</td><td>15</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>17 X</td><td></td><td>B A</td><td>B</td><td>A</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>16 23</td><td>B 24</td><td>18 .....Semester</td><td>19 Exams..... 95</td><td>20</td><td>21</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>A 31</td><td>98</td><td>25 26</td><td>27 W</td><td>28</td><td>29</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">Teachers' first day</td><td colspan=\"3\">August 30, 2021</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">Fresham & Seniors first day</td><td colspan=\"3\">September 7, 2021</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">All students first day</td><td colspan=\"3\">September 8, 2021</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">Winter break</td><td colspan=\"3\">Dec. 20, 2021 - Dec. 31, 2022</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">Spring break</td><td colspan=\"3\"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">Seniors' last day</td><td colspan=\"3\">Mar. 21, 2022 - Mar. 25, 2022 June 3, 2022</td><td></td></tr></table>\n<br><table id='35' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Graduation</td><td>June 9, 2022</td></tr><tr><td>Students' last day</td><td>June 16, 2022</td></tr><tr><td>Teachers' last day</td><td>June 17, 2022</td></tr></table>\n<p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Freshman Days 172</p>\n<br><p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Soph/Junior Days 171</p>\n<br><p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Seniors School Days 164</p>\n<br><p id='39' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Teacher Work Days 187</p>\n<br><p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Teacher Paid Holidays 5</p>\n<br><p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Total Teacher Days 192</p>\n<br><table id='42' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td colspan=\"8\">February 2022</td></tr><tr><td>Sun</td><td>Mon</td><td>Tue</td><td colspan=\"2\">Wed</td><td>Thu</td><td>Fri</td><td>Sat</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>B 1</td><td></td><td>A 2</td><td>B 3</td><td>A 4</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>B 7</td><td>A 8</td><td></td><td>B 9</td><td>A 10</td><td>B 11</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>A 14</td><td>B 15</td><td></td><td>A 16</td><td>B 17</td><td>A 18</td><td>19</td></tr><tr><td>20 H</td><td>21</td><td>B 22</td><td></td><td>A 23</td><td>B 24</td><td>A 25</td><td>26</td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>B 28</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>\n<table id='43' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td colspan=\"10\">March 2022</td></tr><tr><td>Sun</td><td>Mon</td><td colspan=\"2\">Tue</td><td colspan=\"2\">Wed</td><td colspan=\"2\">Thu</td><td>Fri</td><td>Sat</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>A 1</td><td></td><td>B 2</td><td>A 3</td><td></td><td>B 4</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>A 7</td><td></td><td>B 8</td><td></td><td>A 9</td><td>B 10</td><td>W</td><td>11</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>A 14</td><td></td><td>15</td><td>B</td><td>A 16</td><td>17</td><td>B</td><td>A 18</td><td>19</td></tr><tr><td>20 X</td><td>21</td><td>X</td><td>22</td><td>X</td><td>23</td><td>X 24</td><td>X</td><td>25</td><td>26</td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>B 28</td><td></td><td>29</td><td>A</td><td>B 30</td><td>A 31</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>\n<table id='44' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td colspan=\"8\">April 2022</td></tr><tr><td>Sun</td><td>Mon</td><td>Tue</td><td colspan=\"2\">Wed</td><td>Thu</td><td>Fri</td><td>Sat</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td></td><td>B</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>A 4</td><td>B</td><td></td><td>A 6</td><td>B 7</td><td>A 8</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>B</td><td>5</td><td>A</td><td>B</td><td>A</td><td>B</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>11</td><td>12</td><td></td><td>13</td><td>14</td><td>15</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>A</td><td></td><td>B</td><td>A</td><td>B</td><td>A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>18</td><td>19</td><td></td><td>20</td><td>21</td><td>22</td><td>23</td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>B 25</td><td>A 26</td><td></td><td>B 27</td><td>A 28</td><td>B 29</td><td>30</td></tr></table>\n<table id='45' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td colspan=\"8\">May 2022</td></tr><tr><td>Sun</td><td>Mon</td><td>Tue</td><td colspan=\"2\">Wed</td><td>Thu</td><td>Fri</td><td>Sat</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>A</td><td>B</td><td></td><td>A</td><td>B</td><td>A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td></td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>B 9</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>B 11</td><td>A 12</td><td>B 13</td><td>14</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>A</td><td>10</td><td>B</td><td>A</td><td>B</td><td>A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>16</td><td>17</td><td></td><td>18</td><td>19</td><td>20</td><td>21</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>B</td><td>A</td><td></td><td>B</td><td>A</td><td>B</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>23</td><td>24</td><td></td><td>25</td><td>26 180</td><td>27 177</td><td>28</td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td>H 30</td><td>A 31</td><td>179</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>\n<p id='46' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>92</p>\n<br><table id='47' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td colspan=\"8\">June 2022</td></tr><tr><td>Sun</td><td>Mon</td><td>Tue</td><td colspan=\"2\">Wed</td><td>Thu</td><td>Fri</td><td>Sat</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>B 1</td><td>A</td><td>Seniors' Last Day B</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Graduation B 5</td><td>A 6</td><td>B 7</td><td></td><td>A 8</td><td>9</td><td>10</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Half-day</td><td>Teachers' Last Day</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>13</td><td>-170 .....Final 14</td><td>Exams..... -169</td><td>15</td><td>W 16</td><td>W 17</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>20</td><td>199 ..........Reserved for emergency closure make-up.......... 199 200 201 203 21</td><td></td><td>22</td><td>23</td><td>24</td><td>25</td></tr></table>\n<p id='48' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>3/30/2021</p>\n<br><table id='49' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>H</td><td>Holiday</td><td>No School</td></tr><tr><td>X</td><td>Non-School Day</td><td>No School</td></tr><tr><td>W</td><td>Teacher Work Day</td><td>No School</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan=\"2\">Progress Reports/Report Cards</td></tr><tr><td>PD</td><td>Teacher Professional Development</td><td>No School</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Progress Reports</td><td>Early Release 11:00 am</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Conferences</td><td>No School</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Evening Conferences</td><td>School in Session</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan=\"2\">End of Grading Period</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan=\"2\">PLT - One hour late start</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan=\"2\">Freshman and Seniors Only</td></tr><tr><td>A</td><td colspan=\"2\">Periods 1, 2, 3, 4</td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td colspan=\"2\">Periods 5, 6, 7, 8</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan=\"2\">IA Professional Development - Aug. 30, Oct. 8, Jan. 28</td></tr></table>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1461437, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='0' style='font-size:20px'>GATEWAY REGIONAL SCHOOL DISTRICT<br>2020-2021 CALENDAR</h1>\n<br><p id='1' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>APPROVED: January 9, 2020<br>Revised: March 24, 2021</p>\n<table id='2' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>JULY 2020 S M T W Th F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31</td><td>3 July 4 Observed - Closed</td><td>1 Closed New Year\u2019s Day JANUARY 2021 4-8 VIRTUAL INSTRUCTION S M T W Th F S 18 Closed Martin Luther King 1 2 Day 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 S tudent Days: 19 31 Teacher Days: 19</td></tr><tr><td>AUGUST 2020 S M T W Th F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31</td><td>S tudent Days: 0 Teacher Days: 0</td><td>12 PM Staff In-Service FEBRUARY 2021 15 Closed President\u2019s Day S M T W Th F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 S tudent Days: 19 28 Teacher Days: 19</td></tr><tr><td>SEPTEMBER 2020 S M T W Th F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30</td><td>3 Staff Opening In-Service 4-7 Closed - Labor Day Weekend 8-9 Staff Opening In-Service 10 School Starts Remotely TBD Virtual Back to School Night S tudent Days: 15 Teacher Days: 18</td><td>12 Full Day In-Service MARCH 2021 S M T W Th F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 S tudent Days: 22 Teacher Days: 23</td></tr><tr><td>OCTOBER 2020 S M T W Th F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31</td><td>5-6 7th Grade Cohort A 7 Staff In-service 8-9 7th Grade Cohort B 12 Staff In-service 30 PM Staff In-Service S tudent Days: 20 Teacher Days: 22</td><td>2-6 Closed - Spring Break APRIL 2021 23 PM In-Service S M T W Th F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 S tudent Days: 19 25 26 27 28 29 30 Teacher Days: 19</td></tr><tr><td>NOVEMBER 2020 S M T W Th F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30</td><td>2-4 Remote Instruction 4 PM Staff In-Service 5-6 Closed NJEA Convention 26-27 Thanksgiving Break 30 VIRTUAL INSTRUCTION S tudent Days: 17 Teacher Days: 17</td><td>20 Prom/ MAY 2021 PM Staff in-Service S M T W Th F S 31 Closed Memorial Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 S tudent Days: 20 31 31 Teacher Days: 20</td></tr><tr><td>DECEMBER 2020 S M T W Th F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31</td><td>1-4 VIRTUAL INSTRUCTION 21-23 VIRTUAL INSTRUCTION 24-31 Closed Winter Break S tudent Days: 17 Teacher Days: 17</td><td>4-8 Senior Trip to Orlando, FL JUNE 2021 16 Last Day of School \u2013 S M T W Th F S All Students 1 2 3 4 5 18 Graduation 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 S tudent Days: 12 27 28 29 30 Teacher Days: 12</td></tr><tr><td>Marking Periods End 1st November 16, 2020 2nd January 29, 2021 April 7, 2021 June 10, 2021 Senior grades due TBD</td><td>Make-Up Days Make-up days will be added to the end of the school year as needed.* Closed * 1 80 \u2013 Total Required Student Days 186 \u2013 Total Required Teacher Days</td><td>Key Closed for Students/Faculty PM Staff In-service W 3rd Th 4th for Students/Staff In-Service F Graduation S VIRTUAL INSTRUCTION</td></tr></table>\n<br><footer id='3' style='font-size:14px'>Notes: The calendar is subject to change pending weather/emergency situations.</footer>\n<br><footer id='4' style='font-size:16px'>5/4/21 8:42 AM</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 130823, "type": "html", "content": "<table id='0' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td colspan=\"7\">AUGUST 2021</td></tr><tr><td>SU</td><td>M</td><td>T</td><td>W</td><td>TH</td><td>F</td><td>SA</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>9</td><td>10</td><td>11</td><td>12</td><td>13</td><td>14</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>16</td><td>17</td><td>18</td><td>19</td><td>20</td><td>21</td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>23</td><td>24</td><td>25</td><td>26</td><td>27</td><td>28</td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td>30</td><td>31</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>\n<h1 id='1' style='font-size:16px'>SEPTEMBER 2021</h1>\n<br><table id='2' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>SU</td><td>M</td><td>T</td><td>W</td><td>TH</td><td>F</td><td>SA</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>9</td><td>10</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>13</td><td>14</td><td>15</td><td>16</td><td>17</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>20</td><td>21</td><td>22</td><td>23</td><td>24</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>27</td><td>28</td><td>29</td><td>30</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>\n<h1 id='3' style='font-size:16px'>OCTOBER 2021</h1>\n<br><table id='4' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>SU</td><td>M</td><td>T</td><td>W</td><td>TH</td><td>F</td><td>SA</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>11</td><td>12</td><td>13</td><td>14</td><td>15</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>18</td><td>19</td><td>29</td><td>21</td><td>22</td><td>23</td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>25</td><td>26</td><td>27</td><td>28</td><td>29</td><td>30</td></tr></table>\n<table id='5' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td colspan=\"7\">NOVEMBER 2021</td></tr><tr><td>SU</td><td>M</td><td>T</td><td>W</td><td>TH</td><td>F</td><td>SA</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>9</td><td>10</td><td>11</td><td>12</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>15</td><td>16</td><td>17</td><td>18</td><td>19</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>22</td><td>23</td><td>24</td><td>25</td><td>26</td><td>27</td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td>2 9</td><td>30</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>\n<table id='6' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td colspan=\"7\">DECEMBER 2021</td></tr><tr><td>SU</td><td>M</td><td>T</td><td>W</td><td>TH</td><td>F</td><td>SA</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>9</td><td>10</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>13</td><td>14</td><td>15</td><td>16</td><td>17</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>20</td><td>21</td><td>22</td><td>23</td><td>24</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>27</td><td>28</td><td>29</td><td>30</td><td>31</td><td></td></tr></table>\n<table id='7' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>No School - Students & Staff</td></tr><tr><td>School Day</td></tr><tr><td>No School - Teacher PD Work Days</td></tr><tr><td>Early Release Day</td></tr><tr><td>Possible Weather Make-up Days</td></tr><tr><td>Graduation</td></tr><tr><td>First Day of Summer School</td></tr></table>\n<br><figure><img id='8' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(488,38); bottom-right:(769,252)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Diamond R-IV School<br>District<br>2021-2022 School Calendar</p>\n<br><p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Aug. 16-17 New Staff<br>Aug. 18-20 All Staff Work Days<br>Aug. 23 Student\u2019s First Day<br>Sept. 6 Labor Day<br>Oct. 15 End of 1st Quarter<br>Oct. 19 Begin 2nd Quarter<br>Oct. 25 Parent/Teacher Conf</p>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(Appointment Only)</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1116230, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='32' style='font-size:16px'>Graduating Seniors Last Week:</h1>\n<br><p id='33' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Seven Calendar Days before Graduation. Students must have all online<br>coursework, class assignments, tests, and quizzes completed by 4:00 (pre-<br>arranged administrator-approved exceptions may be granted to extend the turn in<br>time to 12:00 a.m.) so that the assigned teacher(s) may grade any work necessary.<br>Students who have not successfully completed their online classes by this<br>deadline, will not be allowed to participate in the graduation ceremony (students<br>with extenuating circumstances may appeal to the administration). However, these<br>classes may be completed by the end of the school year to meet graduation<br>requirements.</p>\n<p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Two Calendar Days before Graduation. Everything is to be done so that the<br>seniors' status can be determined and final grades entered by close-of-business.</p>\n<br><p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>\u25aa Some seniors who absolutely cannot complete their work by this deadline will</p>\n<br><p id='36' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>be counseled early they will not graduate. Their parents will be contacted. A<br>letter will go home saying the same thing.<br>\u25aa Face-to-face classes. Classes that have been successfully completed will<br>count towards graduation requirements, and no more work can be assigned for<br>these classes. Seniors may continue to work until the last day of school on<br>classes that are not being passed, they may be recommended for summer<br>school, and/or they may be recommended to return in the fall. Students in<br>these situations will not be allowed to participate in the graduation ceremony<br>because the initial deadline was not met. If the graduation requirements are<br>met before the end of first quarter of the following year, the student may<br>choose to receive the original diploma from the previous year or he/she may<br>choose to participate in the graduation ceremony for that current year and<br>receive that school year\u2019s diploma in May.</p>\n<p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>One Calendar Day before Graduation. This is the normal day for the senior trip<br>and/or dinner. Only those students determined to be eligible to graduate two days before<br>graduation may attend the trip and/or dinner. Those who did not meet the graduation<br>requirements by the deadlines will not go on the trip and/or dinner.</p>\n<br><p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>This is senior checkout day for those who have met all of the graduation<br>requirements. Those who did not meet all of the graduation requirements are expected<br>to attend all of their regular classes and continue to work toward summer graduation.<br>Student work will continue to be accepted to fulfil summer graduation requirements.</p>\n<br><p id='39' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Last day of School/Graduation Day. Usually, this includes the only graduation<br>practice held immediately prior to the graduation ceremony at the graduation location. All<br>staff members are encouraged to participate in graduation ceremonies.</p>\n<br><h1 id='40' style='font-size:20px'>G RADUATION REQUIREMENTS:</h1>\n<p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Credit Requirements (46 total) in accordance with IDAPA 08.02.03:</p>\n<br><p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>English 8<br>Speech 1<br>Algebra I 2</p>\n<footer id='43' style='font-size:16px'>34</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 497375, "type": "text", "content": "5\n\n\n# 1\n\n\n \n\n# 2\n\n\n \n\n# 3\n\n\n \n\n# 4\n\n\n \n\nother presentations prior to the drive-up. They will then \ndrive up and meet their teachers and the principal at the \ncenter of the circle and be handed their certificates of \naccomplishment and awards into the cars and photo \nopportunity for them as well.\n\n\n \n\n# 5\n\n\n \n\nIf we get to the point where some of our \n6 \nrestrictions are eased a little bit, we may allow the \n7 \nfamily to get out of the car and go to the front of the \n8 \nbuilding, outdoors of course, and be able to take that \n9 \nphoto outside the building, if we can. Those are the -- \n10 \nthat\u2019s the first of our wish list as we become less \n11 \nrestrictive with all of that. \n12\n\n\n \n\nWith that, we have to figure out when the end of \n13 \nthe school year is. And based upon our contractual \n14 \nobligation of 184 days of instruction and conference days, \n15 \nand having worked through the entire time of the closing, \n16 \ninclusive of our spring break, and inclusive of working \n17 \nthis Friday, continuing, our last day of instruction is now \n18 \ndesignated as June the 16th, and we will then be moving on \n19 \nto our awards ceremonies from there. \n20\n\n\n \n\n# 21\n\n\n \n\nSo this information\u2019s gonna go out to the public\n\n\n# 22\n\n\n \n\nand the staff tomorrow, so you\u2019re hearing it first. And\n\n\n# 23\n\n\n \n\nJFK will be the first of our moving up ceremonies, on June\n\n\n24\n\n\n \n\nthe 18th, with their reverse parade. It will take all day,\n\n\n# 25\n\n\n \n\nwith entire grade level. And Mr. Fullerton and\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 968941, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='0' style='font-size:20px'>MISSISSINAWA VALLEY LOCAL SCHOOL DISTRICT<br>2021-2022 SCHOOL CALENDAR</h1>\n<br><figure><img id='1' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1067,3); bottom-right:(1242,178)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='2' data-category='index' style='font-size:18px'>MONTH DATE DAY OCCASION<br>August 25 Wednesday New Teachers' Orientation Meeting<br>30 Monday Teacher In-Service/Work Day<br>31 Tuesday Teacher In-Service/Work Day<br>September 1 Wednesday First Student Attendance Day<br>6 Monday LABOR DAY \u2013 NO SCHOOL<br>24 Friday Professional Development Day \u2013 NO SCHOOL<br>October 7 Thursday 2 Hour Early Dismissal Teachers\u2019 In-Service<br>29 Friday End of First Nine Weeks<br>41 Days in First Grading Period<br>November 1 Monday Begin Second Nine Weeks<br>3 Wednesday 2 Hour Early Dismissal Parent/Teacher Conferences 1:30\u20137:00 PM<br>4 Thursday 2 Hour Early Dismissal Parent/Teacher Conferences 1:30\u20137:00 PM<br>5 Friday WORKS DAY - NO SCHOOL \u2013 Teachers\u2019 Work Day<br>24-25-26 Wed/Thurs/Fri THANKSGIVING VACATION - NO SCHOOL<br>29 Monday Professional Development Day \u2013 NO SCHOOL<br>December 22 Wednesday 2 Hour Early Dismissal, Last Day of School before Christmas Vacation<br>12/23 to 12/31 Thurs.-Friday CHRISTMAS VACATION<br>January 3 Monday School Resumes<br>14 Friday End of Second Nine Weeks/First Semester<br>43 Days in Second Grading Period<br>84 Days in First Semester<br>17 Monday Martin Luther King Jr. Day - NO SCHOOL \u2013 Teachers\u2019 Work Day<br>18 Tuesday Begin Third Nine Weeks/Second Semester<br>February 16 Wednesday Parent-Teacher Conferences 3:30-7:00 P.M.<br>17 Thursday 2 Hour Early Dismissal Parent/Teacher Conferences 3:30\u20137:00 P.M.<br>18 Friday MINI BREAK - NO SCHOOL<br>21 Monday PRESIDENTS' DAY - NO SCHOOL<br>March 25 Friday End of Third Nine Weeks<br>47 Days in Third Grading Period<br>28 Monday Begin Fourth Nine Weeks<br>April 14 Thursday EASTER VACATION - NO SCHOOL<br>15 Friday EASTER VACATION - NO SCHOOL<br>18 Monday EASTER VACATION - NO SCHOOL<br>May 27 Friday GRADUATION<br>30 Monday MEMORIAL DAY OBSERVANCE - NO SCHOOL<br>June 2 Thursday End of Fourth Nine Weeks-STUDENTS' LAST DAY<br>2 Hour Early Dismissal<br>45 Days in Fourth Grading Period<br>92 Days in Second Semester<br>3 Friday Teachers' Work Day<br>TOTAL STUDENT ATTENDANCE DAYS 176<br>PARENT/TEACHER CONFERENCE DAYS (4 Evenings=) 2<br>PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT DAYS 2<br>TEACHER PROFESSIONAL WORK DAYS 4<br>184 Days</p>\n<br><p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>1</p>\n<br><p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>NEW TEACHER IN-SERVICE DAY (NEW TEACHERS ONLY)<br>FIRST SEMESTER 84<br>SECOND SEMESTER 92</p>\n<br><p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'> IN COMPLIANCE WITH ORC 3313.48</p>\n<br><p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>** Possible make-up days are Feb. 18 and Apr. 14. An attempt will be made to give a one week advanced notice<br>if make-up day(s) are required. Any additional make-up days may be added on to the end of the school year.</p>\n<footer id='7' style='font-size:14px'>B oard Approved 12/14/20</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 497480, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='0' style='font-size:14px'>6</header>\n<h1 id='1' style='font-size:20px'>1</h1>\n<br><p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Ms. Hayes are working with it to go through by their teams<br>and homerooms, so it\u2019s an orderly way.</p>\n<br><h1 id='3' style='font-size:16px'>2</h1>\n<br><p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>3 On the 19th, we\u2019ll organize the three elementary<br>4 schools that Friday. And then, the high school, for<br>5 graduation, we are going to expect it to be a little<br>6 slower moving, because of the nature of the -- the<br>7 occasion, and so we are going to need three dates; June<br>8 24th, 25th, and 26th.</p>\n<br><p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>9 In addition to that, the entire month of June, we<br>10 do have a series of wonderful events to honor our seniors;<br>11 as we\u2019re calling it the Month of the Seniors; starting<br>12 with June 1st, which is our virtual presentation of what<br>13 normally, on May 1st, is considered Decision Day by our<br>14 seniors. So we are doing a video, virtual presentation,<br>15 to honor them on June 1st.</p>\n<br><p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>16 Then, for the next four Fridays, we are gonna</p>\n<br><p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>17 have special events taking place. June 5th is care</p>\n<br><p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>18 package home delivery day, where our senior class</p>\n<br><p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>19 advisors, Mr. Jantz, the assistance principals and others</p>\n<br><p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>20 who are volunteering to help, will be delivering to each</p>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>21 student their cap and gown, their yearbook and a special</p>\n<br><p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>22 lawn sign to honor them.</p>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>23 The following week, on the 12th, we will have a</p>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>24 virtual athletics awards that are gonna be professionally</p>\n<br><p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>25 produced by MSG Varsity, using our current contract with</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 497414, "type": "text", "content": "5\n\n\n# 1\n\n\n \n\n# 2\n\n\n \n\n# 3\n\n\n \n\n# 4\n\n\n \n\nother presentations prior to the drive-up. They will then \ndrive up and meet their teachers and the principal at the \ncenter of the circle and be handed their certificates of \naccomplishment and awards into the cars and photo \nopportunity for them as well.\n\n\n \n\n# 5\n\n\n \n\nIf we get to the point where some of our \n6 \nrestrictions are eased a little bit, we may allow the \n7 \nfamily to get out of the car and go to the front of the \n8 \nbuilding, outdoors of course, and be able to take that \n9 \nphoto outside the building, if we can. Those are the -- \n10 \nthat\u2019s the first of our wish list as we become less \n11 \nrestrictive with all of that. \n12\n\n\n \n\nWith that, we have to figure out when the end of \n13 \nthe school year is. And based upon our contractual \n14 \nobligation of 184 days of instruction and conference days, \n15 \nand having worked through the entire time of the closing, \n16 \ninclusive of our spring break, and inclusive of working \n17 \nthis Friday, continuing, our last day of instruction is now \n18 \ndesignated as June the 16th, and we will then be moving on \n19 \nto our awards ceremonies from there. \n20\n\n\n \n\n# 21\n\n\n \n\nSo this information\u2019s gonna go out to the public\n\n\n# 22\n\n\n \n\nand the staff tomorrow, so you\u2019re hearing it first. And\n\n\n# 23\n\n\n \n\nJFK will be the first of our moving up ceremonies, on June\n\n\n24\n\n\n \n\nthe 18th, with their reverse parade. It will take all day,\n\n\n# 25\n\n\n \n\nwith entire grade level. And Mr. Fullerton and\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	If the graduation ceremony is set to occur 123 school days after the first day for students, which date would that be?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 232, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 57855, "type": "text", "content": "Arrogance \u2013 Page 4\n\n\n44\\. So it moves. When it moves it dodges out like that, and it\u2019s pursued by\nthe \nfield of intension, to hold that point in being, and it winds out like this. \u2026\nOff it goes \ninto the infinite from which it started.\n\n\n45\\. Now this is our friend again, the number six, winding in; and the field\ncomes \nin, traps it, and goes round; and it pushes it in again, and that\u2019s made that\nvery ancient \ndiagram \u2013 the spiral with a center of reference.\n\n\n46\\. There\u2019s our number six. And that derives - in its primordial diagram, the\nform \nin the mind, a form within the consciousness.\n\n\n# 47\\. Now we consider what it does.\n\n\n48\\. As long as we remember that the point was posited by the Infinite (10.00)\nwe \nare not arrogant. We are not \u2018taking to our self\u2019, without authority of the\nAbsolute, \nanything whatever. We are saying, \u201cThe Infinite has posited a point of\nreference.\u201d I \nsay, \u201cI\u2019m a point of reference,\u201d you all say, \u201cYou are points of reference of \nconsciousness in yourselves.\u201d\n\n\n49\\. There, is the center of your point of your individuation possibility; and\nhere is \nthe energy trying to escape individuation. Why? Because individuation is\nexposure to \npossible attack.\n\n\n50\\. Where you are individuated, you are formulated; where you are formulated \nyou can be attacked.\n\n\n51\\. Now you remember the rule. The Light \u2013 the Infinite \u2013 is a continuum. A \ncontinuum has no parts; what has no parts is identical, absolutely, throughout\nitself.\n\n\n \n\n52\\. So if it can make a number six there, it could equally well make another\none \nthere\u2026.\n\n\n53\\. All is fine, and perfect, and harmonious, and beautiful, until those two\ntouch \nthere. And at that point there is a disturbance of each by the other. We call\nthat point, \n\u2018the point of contingency\u2019 and that is the point causing all our trouble \u2026\n\u2018the point of \ncontingency\u2019.\n\n\n54\\. Each being \u2013 here\u2019s a being \u2013 has, by the very fact that energy can\u2019t do \nnothing, wound in tighter and tighter, to a point where it can\u2019t go any\ntighter, and has \nto come out. \u2026 It keeps winding in, winding in, winding in, winding in, but it\ncannot \ngo into the dead center because the motion of it is eternal, so it can\u2019t come\nto a dead \nstop. So it can\u2019t get into that center there, that center is impregnable,\nenviable. So I\u2019ll \ndraw it again. \u2026 Here we are. \u2026 There\u2019s a being, and there is the impregnable \ncenter, and I\u2019m going to put a letter \u2018A\u2019 in there, because that is the\nAbsolute that has \nprecipitated that zone \u2013 remember this is going on here, all the way round.\nBut there\n\n\n \nTranscribed by Bob Hardy\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 57857, "type": "text", "content": "Arrogance \u2013 Page 6\n\n\nalways a relative hierarchy of power; the intensity is not the same on both\nsides. One \ninitiates, the other reacts; one is active, the other is relatively passive.\n\n\n64\\. So, here \u2026 we have a little egoic structure. Let\u2019s say the one on the\ninside \u2013 \nthe \u2018A\u2019 \u2013 equals \u2018Atman\u2019 \u2026 and that equals \u2018Absolute\u2019, which in Sanskrit is\nBrahman \n\u2026 The extended man, and the fixated man, are the same essentially. But the one\nthat \nis formulated inside that little rotating zone, on the periphery where\ncontingency \noccurs, is called \u2018Jewa\u2019. So we have \u2018J\u2019 equals \u2018Jewa\u2019 \u2013 \u2018affirmed individual\nfor \ndevelopmental activity, and that equals \u2018ego empirical\u2019 \u2026 Yes? \u2026\n\n\n65\\. So as to your intent to develop yourself, as a finite, getting bigger and\nmore \npowerful \u2013 bigger and better \u2013 you are called \u2018Jewa\u2019; as an absolute awareness\nof \nyour identity with the Absolute you are \u2018Atman\u2019 \u2026 Very important .. Put them\nboth \ntogether, \u2018Absolute affirmation\u2019 equals \u2018affirmation of Absolute\u2019.\n\n\n \n\n66\\. Now that \u2018Jah\u2019 or \u2018Yah\u2019 \u2013 because \u2018J\u2019 and \u2018I\u2019 and \u2018Y\u2019 are the same letter\nis our \nfriend, which in English we call \u2018Jehovah\u2019. That affirmer of activity is\nactually God.\n\n\n67\\. Now it is inside everyone and precipitates everything whatever. Nothing\nis \nprecipitated without it. Nothing has any existence without it, and that brings\nus to the \nmeaning of \u2018arrogance\u2019.\n\n\n68\\. If any individual whatever believes that it has something of itself not \nderivative from the Absolute - that is arrogance. It is pretending to have\nauthority of \nits own, not derivative from the Infinite Sentient Power. So there\u2019s our\nground of \narrogance.\n\n\n69\\. Now, in the human economy of nations, you could be given permission \n(20.00) by the masses of people to be, say, a prime minister, or even an\nelected king \u2013 \nlike the people in Spain voting to have a king back after a dictator they\ndidn\u2019t like. \nAnd the same in Italy, and the same in many places; kings have been elected by \npeople accepting them, and they have been deposed by people not accepting\nthem.\n\n\n \n\n70\\. So you could be affirmed by the whole mass of the human race, saying\nthat, \n\u201cWe like you, and we like your government. So we confer upon you...\u201d \u2018Con-fer\u2019\n\u2013 \n\u2018with-bearing\u2019. \u201cWe put a load of responsibility on you. You\u2019re brilliant,\nyou\u2019re \nclever, so you must solve our problems.\u201d\n\n\n71\\. The masses are dull, the masses not very analytical, and when they see a\nvery \nanalytical mind, they nail it and tie it down, but a crown on him and say,\n\u201cYou now \nbelong to us.\u201d\n\n\n72\\. That crown does not mean the superiority of the king. It means \u2018the\nbinding of \nthe king to the will of the people that support him\u2019. That\u2019s tremendously good \npolitically.\n\n\nTranscribed by Bob Hardy\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 303748, "type": "text", "content": "63\n\n\n \n\n# Ownsworth-metacognitive contextual intervention\n\n\nbrain damage on strategy application: Evidence from focal \nlesions, traumatic brain injury and normal aging. Journal of \nthe International Neuropsychological Society, 4, 247\u2013264. \nLezak, M.D. (1993). Newer contributions to the neuropsycholog- \nical assessment of executive functions. Journal of Head Trauma \nRehabilitation, 8, 24\u201331. \nLoeb, P.A. (1996). The Independent Living Scales manual. San \nAntonio: The Psychological Corporation. \nMcGlynn, S.M. & Schacter, D.L. (1989). Unawareness of deficits \nin neuropsychological syndromes. Journal Clinical Experimen- \ntal Neuropsychology, 11, 143\u2013205. \nMcNaughton, S.S., Glynn, T., & Robinson, V. (1987). Pause, \nprompt, and praise: Effective tutoring for remedial reading. \nBirmingham, UK: Positive Products. \nMarcel, A.J., Tegner, R., & Nimmo-Smith, I. (2004). Anosognosia \nfor plegia: Specificity, extension, partiality, and disunity of \nbodily unawareness. Cortex, 40, 19\u2013 40. \nMittenberg, W., DiGiulio, D.V., Perrin, S., & Bass, A.E. (1992). \nSymptoms following mild head injury: Expectation as aetiol- \nogy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 55, \n200\u2013204. \nMorris, R.G. & Hannesdottir, K. (2004). Loss of \u201cawareness\u201d in \nAlzheimer\u2019s disease. In R.G. Morris & J.T. Becker (Eds.), The \nCognitive Neuropsychology of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (pp. 275\u2013 \n296). Oxford: Oxford University Press. \nOwnsworth, T.L. (2005). The impact of defensive denial upon \nadjustment following traumatic brain injury. Neuro- \npsychoanalysis, 7, 83\u201394. \nOwnsworth, T.L. & Clare, L. (2005). The role and relevance of self- \nawareness in achieving rehabilitation gains: Empirical evi- \ndence and case illustrations. Paper presented at the \nNeuropsychological Rehabilitation Conference (July 11\u201312th), \nGalway, Ireland. \nOwnsworth, T.L., Clare, L., & Morris, R. (2006). A critical review \nof cognitive neuropsychological models of awareness: An inte- \ngrated biopsychosocial approach for Alzheimer\u2019s disease and \nbrain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 10, (in press). \nOwnsworth, T.L. & Fleming, J. (2005). The relative importance of \nmetacognitive skills, emotional status and executive function- \ning in psychosocial adjustment following acquired brain injury. \nJournal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 20, 315\u2013332. \nOwnsworth, T.L., McFarland, K., & Young, R.McD. (2000). Self- \nawareness and psychosocial functioning following acquired \nbrain injury: An evaluation of a group support programme. \nNeuropsychological Rehabilitation, 10, 465\u2013 484. \nOwnsworth, T.L., McFarland, K., & Young, R. McD. (2002). Inves- \ntigation of factors underlying deficits in self-awareness and \nself-regulation. Brain Injury, 16, 291\u2013309. \nPia, L., Neppi-Modona, M., Ricci, R., & Berti, A. (2004). The \nanatomy of anosognosia for hemiplegia: A meta-analysis. Cor- \ntex, 40, 367\u2013377. \nPrigatano, G.P. (1999). Principles of neuropsychological rehabil- \nitation. New York: Oxford University Press. \nPrigatano, G.P. & Weinstein, E.A. (1996). Edwin A. Weinstein\u2019s \ncontributions to neuropsychological rehabilitation. Neuropsy- \nchological Rehabilitation, 6, 305\u2013326. \nReynolds, W.M. (1982). Development of reliable and valid short \nforms of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Jour- \nnal of Clinical Psychology, 38, 119\u2013125. \nRobertson, I.H. & Murre, J.M.J. (1999). Rehabilitation of brain \ndamage: Brain plasticity and principles of guided recovery. \nPsychological Bulletin, 125, 544\u2013575.\n\n\n \n\nSchacter, D.L. (1990). Toward a cognitive neuropsychology of \nawareness: Implicit knowledge and anosognosia. Clinical and \nExperimental Neuropsychology, 12, 155\u2013178. \nSherer, M., Bergloff, P., Boake, C., High, W., & Levin, E. (1998a). \nThe Awareness Questionnaire: Factor structure and internal \nconsistency. Brain Injury, 12, 63\u2013 68. \nSherer, M., Hart, T., Whyte, J., Nick, T.G., & Yablon, S.A. (2005). \nNeuroanatomical basis of impaired self-awareness after trau- \nmatic brain injury: Findings from early computed tomography. \nJournal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 20, 287\u2013300. \nSherer, M., Oden, K., Bergloff, P., Levin, E., & High, W.M. (1998b). \nAssessment and treatment of impaired awareness after brain \ninjury: Implications for community re-integration. NeuroReha- \nbilitation, 10, 25\u201337. \nSnaith, R.P. & Zigmond, A.S. (1994). The Hospital Anxiety and \nDepression Scale manual. Windsor, Berkshire, UK: NFER- \nNELSON Publishing Company Ltd. \nSohlberg, M.M., Mateer, C.A., Penkman, L., Glang, A., & Todis, \nB. (1998). Awareness Intervention: Who needs it? Journal of \nHead Trauma Rehabilitation, 13, 62\u201378. \nSpreen, O. & Strauss, E. (1998). A compendium of neuropsycho- \nlogical tests (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. \nStone, V.E., Baron-Cohen, S., & Knight, R.T. (1998). Frontal lobe \ncontributions to theory of mind. Journal of Cognitive Neuro- \nscience, 10, 640\u2013 656. \nStuss, D.T., Alexander, M.P., Palumbo, C.L., Buckle, L., Sayer, \nL., & Pogue, J. (1994). Organizational strategies of patients \nwith unilateral or bilateral frontal lobe injury in word list learn- \ning tasks. Neuropsychology, 8, 355\u2013373. \nStuss, D.T. & Anderson, V. (2004). The frontal lobes and theory of \nmind: Developmental concepts from adult focal lesion research. \nBrain and Cognition, 55, 69\u201383. \nStuss, D.T., Picton, T.W., & Alexander, M.P. (2001). Conscious- \nness, self-awareness and the frontal lobes. In S. Salloway, P. \nMalloy, & J. Duffy (Eds.), The frontal lobes and neuropsychi- \natric illness (pp. 101\u2013109). Washington DC: American Psychi- \natric Press, Inc. \nTate, R.L. & Broe, G.A. (1999). Psychosocial adjustment after \ntraumatic brain injury: What are the important variables? Psy- \nchological Medicine, 29, 713\u2013725. \nToglia, J.P. (1998). A dynamic interactional model to cognitive \nrehabilitation. In N. Katz (Ed.), Cognition and occupation in \nrehabilitation: Models for intervention in occupational ther- \napy (pp. 5\u201350), Bethesda, MD: American Occupational Ther- \napy Association. \nToglia, J. & Kirk, U. (2000). Understanding awareness deficits \nfollowing brain injury. NeuroRehabilitation, 15, 57\u201370. \nVilkki, J., Ahola, K., Holst, P., Ohman, J., Servo, A., & Heis- \nkanen, O. (1994). Prediction of psychosocial recovery after \nhead injury with cognitive tests and neurobehavioral ratings. \nJournal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 16, \n325\u2013338. \nWilson, B.A., Alderman, N., Burgess, P.W., Emslie, H., & Evans, \nJ.J. (1996). Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syn- \ndrome (BADS). Bury St. Edmunds, UK: Thames Valley Test \nCompany. \nYlvisaker, M., Szekeres, S., & Feeney, T. (1998). Cognitive reha- \nbilitation: executive functions. In M. Ylvisaker (Ed.), Trau- \nmatic brain injury rehabilitation: children and adolescents\n\n\n \n\n(pp. 221\u2013269). Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 57854, "type": "text", "content": "Arrogance \u2013 Page 3\n\n\n33\\. So we\u2019re distinguishing between \u2018non-creative-power\u2019-infinite; and the\nsame \npower engages in an act of creation, and therefore called \u2018God\u2019.\n\n\n34\\. In the fourth gospel it distinguishes them with the \u2018definite article.\n\u201cIn the \nbeginning was the word, the word was with the God, and the word was a God.\u201d \nThere is there a distinction between \u2018infinite, non-creating\u2019, and the same\npower \ncreating.\n\n\n35\\. Right. \u2026 We\u2019re going to draw our famous number. \u2026\n\n\n \n\n36\\. Did any of you see an article in the local rag about a fellow terrified\nof the \nnumber of his motorcar? 666 \u2026 And he asked them, the local parson, to bless\nit. Why \nbless it? It\u2019s perfectly exorcised \u2026 Anyhow, the blessing didn\u2019t work, and he\nhad \nanother accident, and he was wondering whether he should re-approach the same\nman \nfor a better type blessing.\n\n\n37\\. Now there is a light - that you see on the screen - represent\nconsciousness. \nLight \u2026 \u2018Let there be light\u2019 means, \u2018Let there be consciousness in what you\u2019re \ndoing\u2019. \u2018Let there be consciousness\u2019.\n\n\n38\\. \u2018Consciousness\u2019 means, \u2018with analytical processes operating on being \nessence\u2019 - Con-sci-ous-ness \u2013 \u2018the essence of being analyzed and held\ntogether\u2019.\n\n\n \n\n39\\. Consciousness only occurs when you analyze the content of the Sentient \nPower Field discretely. Seeing each component separately and then putting them\nback \ntogether again in relationship.\n\n\n40\\. Now the light represents consciousness, and so far, apart from in the\ncorner \nthere, which you may not see, it is perfectly free from content.\n\n\n41\\. Imagine a consciousness with no content. What it is like? It\u2019s like\nnothing, \nexcept itself. So the mystics call it \u2018no-thing\u2019 \u2013 not yet a thing. Now how\ndoes it make \n\u2018thing\u2019 inside? It does it by focus.\n\n\n42\\. Consciousness has the power, as you all demonstrate to yourselves when\nyou \nattend to anything whatever (a-tend, the \u2018tend\u2019 is \u2018towards holding\u2019 \u2013 tendere\n\u2013 to \nhold). You hold your field awareness to a point. And in the fact of holding it\nso you \ncreate, by your interest, the characteristics of the point. You insert\ninteresting \ncharacteristics from you, into that field of consciousness. And when you\ncontract, the \npoint of contraction is limited, and dislikes the limit, and tends to run out\nof it.\n\n\n43\\. If I put a dot there (Is that big enough to be seen? \u2026 \u2026 Is that big\nenough?) \n\u2026 Well it should not have any dimension whatever so it\u2019s too big. It\u2019s a\nlocation \nwithout dimension, as you few pointed out. But, once you focus like that, it\ntries to \ndodge, it doesn\u2019t like being pinned. \u2018P-in\u2019, \u2018pin\u2019, \u2018power within\u2019.\n\n\n \nTranscribed by Bob Hardy\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2328614, "type": "text", "content": "# 2 CONSCIOUSNESS\n\n\nmore specific sense, to refer to our inner awareness of our own mental states\n\u2013 \nour perceptions, sensations, feelings and thoughts. As the philosopher John \nLocke (1632\u20131704) put it, \u2018Consciousness is the perception of what passes in a \nMan\u2019s own mind\u2019 (Locke 1961, vol. 1, 87). (Previously \u2018conscience\u2019 had been \nused in a similar way, but that word was coming to be used to refer to an\ninner \nmoral sense.) Again, some of our modern uses reflect this philosophical usage. \nThe conscious mind is the level of mental activity of which we are aware, in \ncontrast to the repressed unconscious; consciousness-enhancing drugs are \nones that alter our mental states in various ways; pure consciousness is\nmental \nawareness stripped of all particular content. When contemporary \nphilosophers speak of \u2018the problem of consciousness\u2019 they too are using the \nterm in broadly this sense, though with a subtle difference. In this section I \nshall explain in more detail what they have in mind.\n\n\n# What it\u2019s like\n\n\n \n\nSuppose you have just had a dental procedure under general anaesthetic and \nare coming round. You are aware of a dazzling light above you and of a muffled \nvoice echoing in your ears. There is sickness in your stomach and a sharp \nmetallic taste in your mouth. You feel a moment of panic as you struggle to \nwork out what has happened. Moving your head, you recognize the dentist\u2019s \nface and realize that he is speaking your name and asking if you want a glass\nof \nwater. Your remember where you are, sit up shakily and take the glass.\n\n\n \n\nThink about what happened as you regained consciousness. Various bodily \nprocesses resumed. Your sense organs started functioning again, registering \nstimuli and sending signals to your brain. Your brain also resumed its normal \nactivity, processing these incoming signals and responding to them. Various \nbrain centres became active, including ones devoted to visual processing, face \nrecognition, emotion, memory, language and conceptualized thought. Signals \nflew back and forth from region to region and out to your organs and limbs. \nBut this wasn\u2019t all that happened when you came round. You also started \nhaving conscious experiences \u2013 experiences with a certain feel to them.\nImagine \nhaving the various experiences I described \u2013 seeing a dazzling light above\nyou, \nhearing a muffled voice, having a metallic taste in your mouth, feeling a stab\nof \npanic and so on. Focus on what it is like to have those experiences \u2013 on what\nit \nfeels like from the inside. Each of them, like every other experience, has its \nown character, which is instantly recognizable but very difficult to describe.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2451010, "type": "text", "content": "30\n\n\ninformational integration seems to be able to account for the difference in \nconsciousness.\n\n\nSecond, the principle seems to be able to account for some empirical evidence \nconcerning wakefulness, sleep, coma, and anaesthesia. Why does an awake person \nexperience consciousness, while a sleeping person does not, except when\ndreaming? \nWhy is there a difference between deep sleep and the kind of shallow sleep\nthat \ninvolves dreams? And how does general anaesthesia remove consciousness? \nAccording to integrated information theory, \u201cthe loss and recovery of\nconsciousness \nshould be associated with the breakdown and recovery of the brain\u2019s capacity\nfor \ninformation integration\u201d (Tononi and Koch 2015: 9). As Tononi and Koch point\nout:\n\n\n\u201cThis prediction has been confirmed using transcranial magnetic \nstimulation (TMS) in combination with high-density EEG in conditions \ncharacterized by loss of consciousness \u2026 If a subject is conscious when \nthe cerebral cortex is probed with a pulse of current induced by the TMS \ncoil from outside the skull, the cortex responds with a complex pattern of \nreverberating activations and deactivations that is both widespread \n(integrated) and differentiated in time and space (information rich) \u2026 By \ncontrast, when consciousness fades, the response of the cortex becomes \nlocal (loss of integration) or global but stereotypical (loss of information)\u201d \n(ibid.).\n\n\nGenerally, informational integration should be correlated with what Tononi and\nKoch \ncall the \u201cperturbational complexity index\u201d, which measures certain patterns of\nneural \nreverberations in response to stimuli. They point out that this measure\n\u201cdecreases \ndistinctly in all the different conditions of loss of consciousness and,\ncritical for a\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 57856, "type": "text", "content": "Arrogance \u2013 Page 5\n\n\nis the Absolute, because the energy that\u2019s spinning can not get into that\ncenter. Now \nthat \u2018A\u2019 there - little \u2018a\u2019 and big \u2018A\u2019 \u2013 are the same in absolute character\nand essence. \nThat is big \u2018A\u2019; that is little \u2018a\u2019.\n\n\n55\\. If you want to write a, say, Aleph, that\u2019s equal \u20181\u2019. In Hebrew we just\nwrite \nthat, that the first letter equals \u20181\u2019. But if you write it big \u2026 like this \u2026\nthat\u2019s worth a \nthousand, and the same letter means \u2018tremendous number \u2013 the Absolute\u2019 is used \n\u2018big\u2019 to represent the same viewed as small. The large and small are\nidentical, in \nessential quality, character, and essence. \u2026\n\n\n56\\. Are those diagrams fairly clear? \u2026 Are they puzzling because there\u2019s a\nlot of \nthem? \u2026.. No.\n\n\n57\\. Well \u2018Jim\u2019ll Fix it!\u2019, because \u2018J\u2019 is \u2018affirmation\u2019, \u2018I\u2019 is\n\u2018individuation form\u2019, \nand \u2018M\u2019 is \u2018substantialization\u2019. That\u2019s the \u2018fixer\u2019.\n\n\n58\\. Now, when we have a situation like that \u2026 One \u2018sixer\u2019, if it forgets that\nit \ncomes from infinity, cuts itself off there, only in it\u2019s imagination. It\ncannot do it \nabsolutely, but it can think and pretend that it has cut itself off from the\nInfinite, and it \ndoes so. And another one will come along and strike it, and immediately the \nimpregnable center there \u2018a\u2019 and there, \u2018a\u2019 \u2013 both Absolutes identical with\nthis \nAbsolute here (It\u2019s beginning to look like an owl already, can you see a nice\nowl \nhere?)\u2026 \u2026. \u2026 (15.00)\n\n\n59\\. Now, the ideal relation before \u2018the Fall\u2019 is to the absolute center of\nthe \nindividual, shall speak to the absolute center in another individual. But at\nthe point of \nstimulus there, there is a tendency to obscure, because when two forces meet,\nthey \ncause a rotation. \u2026. When two forces meet \u2026 Now cut them off so they are \ncontingent and they\u2019ve forgotten their origin. \u2026 They don\u2019t know there\u2019s a\nnice \u2018s\u2019 \nsat there \u2026. But here, when the energy goes to meet the stimulus, it spins -\nthe energy \ngoes to meet the stimulus and it spins.\n\n\n60\\. Now that point of spin is a contingency point, and it is the center of\nthe \nempirical egoic structure. \u2018Empirical\u2019 means \u2018from experience\u2019.\n\n\n61\\. That is the cause of all the trouble \u2013 identification with the point of\ncontingent \nstimulation; forgetfulness of the Absolute.\n\n\n62\\. Now, here\u2019s our pair again \u2026 The center is forgotten, and we now have\nthat \nenergy going out, to meet another energy. That produces zones of spin in each\none \nand this becomes the center of egoic defense in the time-matter process.\n\n\n63\\. Time is serialization caused by contingency. You might see there, Mars\nand \nVenus symbolized \u2026 like that \u2026 That\u2019s the symbol, and we\u2019ve turned it round \nhistorically for convenience; and that one, we\u2019ve gone like that \u2026 and that\u2019s\nVenus, \nand that\u2019s Mars. Because when the contingent stimulus situation arises, there\nis\n\n\nTranscribed by Bob Hardy\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1935717, "type": "text", "content": "Copyright 2008 by the American Psychological Association \n0033-2909/08/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.134.5.617\n\n\n \n\nPsychological Bulletin \n2008, Vol. 134, No. 5, 617\u2013 647\n\n\n# Cognitive Processes in Dissociation: An Analysis of Core Theoretical \nAssumptions\n\n\nTimo Giesbrecht \nMaastricht University and Mount Sinai School of Medicine\n\n\n \n\nSteven Jay Lynn \nState University of New York, Binghamton\n\n\nScott O. Lilienfeld \nEmory University\n\n\n \n\nHarald Merckelbach \nMaastricht University\n\n\nDissociation is typically defined as the lack of normal integration of\nthoughts, feelings, and experiences \ninto consciousness and memory. The present article critically evaluates the\nresearch literature on \ncognitive processes in dissociation. The authors\u2019 review indicates that\ndissociation is characterized by \nsubtle deficits in neuropsychological performance (e.g., heightened\ndistractibility). Some of the cognitive \nphenomena (e.g., weakened cognitive inhibition) associated with dissociation\nappear to be dependent on \nthe emotional or attentional context. Contrary to a widespread assumption in\nthe clinical literature, \ndissociation does not appear to be related to avoidant information processing.\nRather, it is associated with \nan enhanced propensity toward pseudo-memories, possibly mediated by heightened\nlevels of interrog- \native suggestibility, fantasy proneness, and cognitive failures. Evidence for\na link between dissociation \nand either memory fragmentation or early trauma based on objective measures is\nconspicuously lacking. \nThe authors identify a variety of methodological issues and discrepancies that\nmake it difficult to \narticulate a comprehensive framework for cognitive mechanisms in dissociation.\nThe authors conclude \nwith a discussion of research domains (e.g., sleep-related experiences, drug-\nrelated dissociation) that \npromise to advance our understanding of cognition and dissociation.\n\n\nKeywords: dissociation, trauma, neuropsychology, information processing,\nmemory\n\n\nDissociation is defined by the fourth edition of the Diagnostic \nand Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM\u2013IV\u2013TR; Amer- \nican Psychiatric Association, 2000, p. 519) as \u201ca disruption in the \nusually integrated function of consciousness, memory, identity, or \nperception of the environment.\u201d Whereas many authors regard \nsymptoms of derealization, depersonalization, and psychogenic \namnesia as core features of dissociation, the concept of dissocia- \ntion is semantically open and lacks a precise and generally ac- \ncepted definition. Accordingly, workers in the field have invoked \ndissociation to describe disparate phenomena, including perception \nwithout awareness and hypnosis (Carden\u02dca, 1994).\n\n\n \n\nMore widely accepted, however, is the idea that dissociative \nsymptoms are manifestations of an automatic defense mechanism\n\n\nTimo Giesbrecht, Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maas- \ntricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands, and Department of Psychiatry, \nMount Sinai School of Medicine; Steven Jay Lynn, Department of Psychol- \nogy, State University of New York, Binghamton; Scott O. Lilienfeld, Depart- \nment of Psychology, Emory University; and Harald Merckelbach, Department \nof Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University.\n\n\n \n\nPreparation of this article was supported by a grant from the Netherlands \nOrganization for Scientific Research (N. W. O.) to Timo Giesbrecht (Grant \nNo. 446-06-010) and by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health \nto Steven Jay Lynn (1 R01 MH67483-01).\n\n\n \n\nCorrespondence concerning this article should be addressed to Timo \nGiesbrecht, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Maas- \ntricht, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands. E-mail: \nT.Giesbrecht@psychology.unimaas.nl\n\n\n \n\nthat serves to mitigate the impact of highly aversive or traumatic \nevents (van IJzendoorn & Schuengel, 1996). Moreover, there is \nlittle dispute that many dissociative symptoms reflect profound \ncognitive aberrations. Indeed, the often quoted DSM\u2013IV\u2013TR defi- \nnition cited above alludes to serious memory and attention prob- \nlems. The current review examines the empirical basis of the claim \nthat marked cognitive deficits lie at the core of dissociative \nphenomena.\n\n\n \n\nIn their mild form, dissociative experiences are common in the \ngeneral population (e.g., Ross, Joshi, & Currie, 1991), yet they are \nespecially frequent and severe in certain diagnostic groups, includ- \ning borderline personality disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder \n(PTSD), and schizophrenia (e.g., Holmes et al., 2005; Merckel- \nbach, a` Campo, Hardy, & Giesbrecht, 2005), and they are hallmark \nfeatures of the dissociative disorders, including dissociative iden- \ntity disorder (DID) and depersonalization disorder (DPD). The \nDSM\u2013IV\u2013TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) definition \nof dissociation (see also E. M. Bernstein & Putnam, 1986) along \nwith widely held clinical assumptions (van der Hart, Nijenhuis, \nSteele, & Brown, 2006) imply that individuals who experience \nhigh levels of dissociation exhibit attention and memory dysfunc- \ntions, engendered by the purported defensive function of dissoci- \nation (e.g., Gershuny & Thayer, 1999; van der Hart, Nijenhuis, \nSteele, & Brown, 2004).\n\n\n \n\nThe idea of dissociation serving a defensive function can be \ntraced back to Pierre Janet\u2019s (1889/1973) pioneering investigations \nof dissociative phenomena. Janet coined the term \u201cde\u00b4saggre\u00b4ga- \ntion,\u201d which was later translated as \u201cdissociation.\u201d He is widely\n\n\n617\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2328626, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>C H A P T E R 1</p>\n<br><h1 id='38' style='font-size:22px'>Introducing Consciousness</h1>\n<br><p id='39' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Consciousness: The having of perceptions, thoughts, and feelings; awareness.<br>The term is impossible to define except in terms that are unintelligible without a<br>grasp of what consciousness means. ... Consciousness is a fascinating but elusive<br>phenomenon: it is impossible to specify what it is, what it does, or why it evolved.<br>Nothing worth reading has been written about it.</p>\n<br><p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(Sutherland 1995, 95)</p>\n<br><p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Consciousness is at once the most important and most baffling aspect of the<br>mind. It is the very heart of our existence \u2013 our \u2018self of selves\u2019 as Julian Jaynes<br>puts it \u2013 yet it is extraordinarily difficult to describe and explain. This chapter<br>is an introduction to this slippery phenomenon and the problems it presents.<br>It is in three sections. The first explains what contemporary philosophers<br>usually mean when they talk about consciousness; the second examines the<br>phenomenon in more detail and highlights some of its puzzling features; and<br>the third sets out the central philosophical problem surrounding<br>consciousness \u2013 the so-called \u2018hard problem\u2019 of explaining how it arises and<br>whether it is a physical phenomenon.</p>\n<h1 id='42' style='font-size:20px'>De\ufb01ning consciousness</h1>\n<p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>We use the words \u2018conscious\u2019 and \u2018consciousness\u2019 in a variety of ways. We talk<br>of losing and regaining consciousness, of being conscious of one\u2019s appearance<br>and of taking conscious decisions. We speak of self-consciousness and class-<br>consciousness, of consciousness-raising activities and consciousness-<br>enhancing drugs. Freudians contrast the conscious mind with the<br>unconscious, gurus seek to promote world consciousness and mystics<br>cultivate pure consciousness. These various uses reflect the history of the<br>words. The original meaning of \u2018consciousness\u2019 was awareness or knowledge,<br>either shared or private, and some of our modern uses reflect this. Self-<br>consciousness is awareness of oneself as an individual; class-consciousness is<br>awareness of belonging to a particular socio-economic group; to be conscious<br>of one\u2019s appearance is to be very aware of it; and so on. In the seventeenth<br>century, however, philosophers and other writers began to use the word in a</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2328617, "type": "text", "content": "CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCING CONSCIOUSNESS\n\n\n \n\n# 5\n\n\nwithout consciously noticing any discomfort. In these cases, it seems, our \nbrains are registering information and using it to control our behaviour, yet \nwithout generating any conscious perceptions or sensations. There are also \npathological conditions which seem to involve non-conscious perception. \nThe most famous of these is blindsight (Weiskrantz 1986, 1997). People with \nthis condition have normal eyes but have suffered damage to the visual \nprocessing areas of their brains, with the result that they seem to be blind\nin \nlarge areas of their visual field. They say \u2013 quite sincerely \u2013 that they see \nnothing in these areas. Yet if presented with an object in the blind area and \nasked to make a random guess as to its location or orientation, these people \nusually guess correctly \u2013 much to their own surprise when subsequently told \nthe results. It seems that they are visually detecting the objects without any\nof \nthe felt quality of normal vision.\n\n\n \n\n(You may feel that it is twisting words to talk of non-conscious perceptions. \nSurely, seeing is by definition a conscious experience? This is really a \nterminological issue, however. If we use the term \u2018perception\u2019 in that way, \nthen there are no non-conscious perceptions, just as there are no married \nbachelors. But it is compatible with this that there are non-conscious mental \nstates which are very like perceptions in the role they play, and calling them \n\u2018non-conscious perceptions\u2019 is a way of emphasizing this. Some writers also \ntalk of non-conscious sensations and experiences, and the same goes for those \nterms.)\n\n\n \n\nThese reflections on non-conscious mentality should help to clarify what \nphilosophers mean when they talk about consciousness. Their focus is not on \nthe nature of perceptions, sensations and thoughts as such, but rather on what \nis special about those perceptions, sensations and thoughts that have a feel\nto \nthem. What exactly is this feel that conscious experiences have? How does it \ncome about and what is its function? Whatever the answers, the phenomenon \nis surely tremendously important. As the American philosopher Thomas \nNagel (b. 1937) puts it, to say that a creature has conscious experiences is\nto say \nthat it is like something to be that creature \u2013 that it has an inner life\n(Nagel 1974). \nA non-conscious being such as Cog might be able to perform sophisticated \ntasks, guided by information from its sensors, but without conscious \nexperience it would have no inner life. It might detect colours and sounds,\nbut \nit would never know what it was like to see a brilliant blue sky or to hear\nleaves \nrustling in the breeze. It might register when it was damaged or running low \non energy, and take appropriate action, but it would never feel real pain or\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Given the definition of consciousness involving analytical processes and discrete analysis, how might an interruption in these processes affect one's awareness?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 233, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 248205, "type": "text", "content": "prevention.6\u201311 There have been \nnumerous studies addressing \npreparticipation screening, including \nwhether electrocardiography (ECG) \nor other noninvasive tests should be \nadded.2\u20134,12,13 Currently, several \ngroups are studying the question of \nthe use of preparticipation ECG; to \ndate, none have published \nconclusive data on its overall \neffectiveness, practicality of \nimplementation, or cost.14\n\n\nOne of the most important people in \nboth primary and secondary \nprevention models is the primary \ncare provider (PCP), who manages \nchildren from infancy into late \nteenage years or even young \nadulthood and has a long-standing \nrelationship with the child, family, \nand community at large. PCPs are \ninvolved with school \npreparticipation screening and are \noften the first called when a cardiac \nsymptom or cardiac arrest occurs.\n\n\nThe purpose of this article is to \nprovide PCPs with a strategy for \nscreening, evaluation, and \nmanagement of risk of SCA and SCD \nin the young with practical and \nupdated information.\n\n\nAs in the 2012 policy statement, \n\u201cevidence-based recommendations \nfrequently are designated as class I, \nII, or III, indicating the supporting \nlevel of evidence. For pediatric SCA, \nthe level of evidence does not \npermit a meaningful use of this \nterminology.\u201d8\n\n\nSTRATEGY FOR SUDDEN DEATH \nPREVENTION\n\n\n \n\nThis policy statement proposes that \nthe same screening detail that is \nused for athletes should also be \napplied to the nonathlete.\n\n\nFigure 1 demonstrates an encounter \nof a pediatric patient with the PCP \nfor a routine visit or for new, \nconcerning symptoms.\n\n\n \n\nThe PCP encounter should \nultimately separate patients into 2 \nbasic groups, those with identifiable \nor suspicious risk factors for SCA or \nSCD, to be discussed in a later \nsection, and those without risk \nfactors. For those with risk factors, \nreferral to a pediatric cardiologist or \nelectrophysiologist is the next \nappropriate step to initiate a \ncomprehensive cardiovascular \nevaluation appropriate for the \npresenting risk factors. There are \npatients who, despite the best \nscreening efforts, could still \nexperience a SCA; therefore, a \nsecondary prevention plan is \nimportant.\n\n\nMultiple studies have led to current \nresuscitation methods, such as the \nAmerican Heart Association (AHA)\u2019s \nBasic Life Support, Pediatric \nAdvanced Life Support, and \nAdvanced Cardiac Life Support, \nfeaturing the \u201cchain of survival,\u201d \nwith revisions made every few \nyears.15 Although out-of-hospital \ncardiac arrest survival statistics \nremain dismal, there has been \nimprovement in survival, most likely \na result of an increase in lay rescuer \ncardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) \neducation, an increase in recognition \nof cardiac arrest, and an increase in \nwillingness to intervene by lay \nrescuers who have learned to \nperform high-quality CPR and \nautomated external defibrillator \n(AED) use, assisted by an increase in \npublic access to AEDs.16 The number \nof lay people with life support \ntraining generally remains low.17 This \nhighlights the important role for the \nPCP to be a community advocate for \nmore Basic Life Support training.\n\n\nTHE PCP\u2019S ROLE IN PRIMARY \nPREVENTION\n\n\n \n\nThe difficult task of identifying \nthose at risk for cardiac events \noften begins with the PCP, \nincluding physicians, physician \nassistants, and nurse practitioners,\n\n\n \n\nvia routine physical examination or \nwhen addressing specific \nsymptoms. Although there is no \none-size-fits-all screening method \nto identify those at risk, it is \nhelpful for the PCP to have an \nunderstanding of the common \nconditions that put young patients \nat risk for SCA and SCD.\n\n\n \n\nCardiomyopathies\n\n\n \n\nA primary cardiomyopathy is \nusually associated with an \nanatomically normal heart with \nabnormal myocardial cellular \nstructure or function that can affect \nboth systolic and/or diastolic \nfunction. The World Health \nOrganization and International \nSociety and Federation of Cardiology \nTask Force recognize 5 basic forms \nof cardiomyopathy18:\n\n\n1\\. Dilated cardiomyopathy: enlarged, \ndilated left and/or right ventricle \nwith or without decreased systolic \nfunction. \n2\\. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy \n(HCM): abnormally thickened \nventricular myocardium without \ncause (eg, hypertension, coarcta- \ntion, aortic stenosis, etc). HCM is \nreported as the most common \ncause of SCA and SCD in young \nathletes.19 \n3\\. Restrictive cardiomyopathy: nor- \nmal to thickened ventricular \nwalls and normal ventricular size \nwith impaired diastolic function \nand often with dilated atria. \n4\\. Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy \n(includes arrhythmogenic right \nventricular cardiomyopathy \n[ACM]): enlarged, dilated right \nventricle with orwithout de- \ncreased systolic function often as- \nsociated with frequent \narrhythmias (can be seen in the \nleftventricle as well). \n5\\. Unclassi\ufb01ed cardiomyopathies: this \nincludes left ventricular noncom- \npaction (the left ventricular myo- \ncardium is abnormal with \nhypertrabeculation and crypt\n\n\n2\n\n\n \nDownloaded from www.aappublications.org/news by guest on September 19, 2021 \nFROM THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1156980, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='20' style='font-size:14px'>P a g e \| 3</header>\n<p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>4 Patient facing Domiciliary Clinical Medication Reviews</p>\n<br><p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Undertake clinical medication reviews with patients and produce recommendations for the senior<br>clinical pharmacists, nurses and GPs on prescribing and monitoring. Attend and refer patients to<br>multidisciplinary case conferences.</p>\n<h1 id='23' style='font-size:14px'>5 . Risk stratification</h1>\n<br><p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Identification of cohorts of patients at high risk of harm from medicines through pre-prepared practice<br>computer searches. This might include risks that are patient related, medicine related, or both.</p>\n<h1 id='25' style='font-size:14px'>6 .Unplanned hospital admissions</h1>\n<br><p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Review the use of medicines most commonly associated with unplanned hospital admissions and<br>readmissions through audit and individual patient reviews. Put in place changes to reduce the<br>prescribing of these medicines to high-risk patient groups.</p>\n<h1 id='27' style='font-size:14px'>7 . Management of common/minor/self-limiting ailments</h1>\n<br><p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Managing caseload of patients with common/minor/self-limiting ailments while working within a scope<br>of practice and limits of competence. Signposting to community pharmacy and referring<br>to GPs or other healthcare professionals where appropriate.</p>\n<h1 id='29' style='font-size:18px'>8 . Patient facing medicines support</h1>\n<br><p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Provide patient facing clinics for those with questions, queries and concerns about their<br>medicines in the practice.</p>\n<h1 id='31' style='font-size:18px'>9 . Telephone medicines support</h1>\n<br><p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Provide a telephone help line for patients with questions, queries and concerns about their<br>medicines.</p>\n<p id='33' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>1 0. Management of medicines at discharge from hospital</p>\n<br><p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>To reconcile medicines following discharge from hospitals, intermediate care and into Care Homes,<br>including identifying and rectifying unexplained changes and working with patients and community<br>pharmacists to ensure patients receive the medicines they need post discharge. Set up and manage<br>systems to ensure continuity of medicines supply to high-risk groups of patients (e.g. those with<br>medicine compliance aids or those in Care Homes).</p>\n<p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>1 1. Medicine information to practice staff and patients</p>\n<br><p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Answers relevant medicine-related enquiries from GPs, other network staff, other healthcare teams<br>(e.g. community pharmacy) and patients with queries about medicines.<br>Suggesting and recommending solutions. Providing follow up for patients to monitor the effect of any<br>changes.</p>\n<h1 id='37' style='font-size:18px'>1 2. Signposting</h1>\n<br><p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Ensure that patients are referred to the appropriate healthcare professional for the appropriate level of<br>care within an appropriate period of time e.g. pathology results, common/minor ailments, acute<br>conditions, long term condition reviews etc.</p>\n<h1 id='39' style='font-size:18px'>1 3. Repeat prescribing</h1>\n<br><p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Produce and implement a repeat prescribing policy within each PCN practice. Manage the repeat<br>prescribing reauthorisation process by reviewing patient requests for repeat<br>prescriptions and reviewing medicines reaching review dates and flagging up those needing a review.<br>Ensure patients have appropriate monitoring tests in place when required.</p>\n<p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Contribute pharmaceutical advice for the development and implementation of new services that have<br>medicinal components (e.g. advice on treatment pathways and patient information leaflets).</p>\n<br><h1 id='42' style='font-size:18px'>1 4. Service development</h1>\n<h1 id='43' style='font-size:18px'>1 5. Information management</h1>\n<footer id='44' style='font-size:18px'>\u00a9Copyright Primary Care Pharmacy Association (PCPA)</footer>\n<br><footer id='45' style='font-size:18px'>www.pcpa.org.uk</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1156990, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='19' style='font-size:14px'>P a g e \| 12</header>\n<p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Provide leadership to the practice manager and GPs to ensure the practice is compliant with CQC<br>standards where medicines are involved.</p>\n<h1 id='21' style='font-size:14px'>1 3. Population and Public Health</h1>\n<br><p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>To devise and manage population and public health campaigns to run within the network. To<br>provide specialist knowledge on immunisation.</p>\n<h1 id='23' style='font-size:14px'>1 4. Cost saving programmes</h1>\n<br><p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Make recommendations for, and manage pharmacy technicians to, make changes to medicines<br>(switches) designed to save on medicine costs where a medicine or product with lower acquisition<br>cost is now available</p>\n<h1 id='25' style='font-size:14px'>1 5. Medicine information to practice staff and patients</h1>\n<br><p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Answers all medicine\u2010related enquiries from GPs, other practice staff and patients with queries<br>about medicines. Suggesting and recommending solutions. Providing follow up for patients to<br>monitor the effect of any changes.</p>\n<h1 id='27' style='font-size:14px'>1 6. Information management</h1>\n<br><p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Analyse, interpret and present medicines data to highlight issues and risks to support decision<br>making.</p>\n<h1 id='29' style='font-size:18px'>1 7. Training</h1>\n<br><p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Provide education and training to primary healthcare team on therapeutics and medicines<br>optimisation. Provide training to visiting medical, nursing and other healthcare students where<br>appropriate.</p>\n<h1 id='31' style='font-size:18px'>1 8. Management of medicines at discharge from hospital</h1>\n<br><p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>To reconcile medicines following discharge from hospitals, intermediate care and into care homes,<br>including identifying and rectifying unexplained changes manage these changes without referral to a<br>GP, perform a clinical medication review, produce a post discharge medicines care plan including<br>dose titration and booking of follow up tests and working with patients and community pharmacists<br>to ensure patients receive the medicines they need post discharge and working with patients and<br>community pharmacists to ensure patients receive the medicines they need post discharge.</p>\n<br><p id='33' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Set up and manage systems to ensure continuity of medicines supply to high-\u2010risk groups of<br>patients (e.g. those with medicine compliance aids or those in care homes).</p>\n<br><p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Work in partnership with hospital colleagues (e.g. care of the elderly doctors and clinical<br>pharmacists) to proactively manage patients at high risk of medicine related problems before they<br>are discharged to ensure continuity of care.</p>\n<p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>1 9. Implementation of local and national guidelines and formulary recommendations</p>\n<br><p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Monitor practice prescribing against the local health economy\u2019s RAG list for medicines that should<br>be prescribed by hospital doctors (red drugs) or subject to shared care (amber drugs). Liaise directly<br>with hospital colleagues where prescribing needs to be returned to specialists. Assist practices in<br>setting and maintaining a practice formulary that is hosted on the practice\u2019s computer system.<br>Suggest and develop computer decision support tools to help remind prescribers about the agreed<br>formulary choice and local recommendations. Auditing practice\u2019s compliance against NICE<br>technology assessment guidance. Provide newsletters on important prescribing messages to<br>improve prescribers\u2019 knowledge and work with the team to develop and implement other techniques<br>known to influence implementation of evidence \u2014 such as audit and feedback.</p>\n<footer id='37' style='font-size:18px'>\u00a9Copyright Primary Care Pharmacy Association (PCPA)</footer>\n<br><footer id='38' style='font-size:18px'>www.pcpa.org.uk</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1156971, "type": "text", "content": "P a g e \| 12\n\n\nProvide leadership to the practice manager and GPs to ensure the practice is\ncompliant with CQC \nstandards where medicines are involved.\n\n\n# 1 3. Population and Public Health\n\n\n \n\nTo devise and manage population and public health campaigns to run within the\nnetwork. To \nprovide specialist knowledge on immunisation.\n\n\n# 1 4. Cost saving programmes\n\n\n \n\nMake recommendations for, and manage pharmacy technicians to, make changes to\nmedicines \n(switches) designed to save on medicine costs where a medicine or product with\nlower acquisition \ncost is now available\n\n\n# 1 5. Medicine information to practice staff and patients\n\n\n \n\nAnswers all medicine\u2010related enquiries from GPs, other practice staff and\npatients with queries \nabout medicines. Suggesting and recommending solutions. Providing follow up\nfor patients to \nmonitor the effect of any changes.\n\n\n# 1 6. Information management\n\n\n \n\nAnalyse, interpret and present medicines data to highlight issues and risks to\nsupport decision \nmaking.\n\n\n# 1 7. Training\n\n\n \n\nProvide education and training to primary healthcare team on therapeutics and\nmedicines \noptimisation. Provide training to visiting medical, nursing and other\nhealthcare students where \nappropriate.\n\n\n# 1 8. Management of medicines at discharge from hospital\n\n\n \n\nTo reconcile medicines following discharge from hospitals, intermediate care\nand into care homes, \nincluding identifying and rectifying unexplained changes manage these changes\nwithout referral to a \nGP, perform a clinical medication review, produce a post discharge medicines\ncare plan including \ndose titration and booking of follow up tests and working with patients and\ncommunity pharmacists \nto ensure patients receive the medicines they need post discharge and working\nwith patients and \ncommunity pharmacists to ensure patients receive the medicines they need post\ndischarge.\n\n\n \n\nSet up and manage systems to ensure continuity of medicines supply to\nhigh-\u2010risk groups of \npatients (e.g. those with medicine compliance aids or those in care homes).\n\n\n \n\nWork in partnership with hospital colleagues (e.g. care of the elderly doctors\nand clinical \npharmacists) to proactively manage patients at high risk of medicine related\nproblems before they \nare discharged to ensure continuity of care.\n\n\n1 9. Implementation of local and national guidelines and formulary\nrecommendations\n\n\n \n\nMonitor practice prescribing against the local health economy\u2019s RAG list for\nmedicines that should \nbe prescribed by hospital doctors (red drugs) or subject to shared care (amber\ndrugs). Liaise directly \nwith hospital colleagues where prescribing needs to be returned to\nspecialists. Assist practices in \nsetting and maintaining a practice formulary that is hosted on the practice\u2019s\ncomputer system. \nSuggest and develop computer decision support tools to help remind prescribers\nabout the agreed \nformulary choice and local recommendations. Auditing practice\u2019s compliance\nagainst NICE \ntechnology assessment guidance. Provide newsletters on important prescribing\nmessages to \nimprove prescribers\u2019 knowledge and work with the team to develop and implement\nother techniques \nknown to influence implementation of evidence \u2014 such as audit and feedback.\n\n\n\u00a9Copyright Primary Care Pharmacy Association (PCPA)\n\n\n \nwww.pcpa.org.uk\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1773094, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='0' style='font-size:22px'>Variations in Care in Community Practice for Patients with<br>Coronary Artery Disease, Angina, and Concomitant Diabetes</h1>\n<br><header id='1' style='font-size:18px'>Tamar Sapir, PhD; Kathleen Moreo, RN-BC, BSN, BHSA, CCM, Cm, CDMS; Jeffrey D. Carter, PhD;<br>Erica Rusie, PharmD; Laurence Greene, PhD; Pritam Brar, MD</header>\n<br><p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>PRIME Education, Inc., Tamarac, FL</p>\n<h1 id='3' style='font-size:22px'>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</h1>\n<br><p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Many patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and chronic stable angina (CSA)<br>have concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which complicates treatment<br>decisions, increases health resource utilization and costs, and poses significant<br>challenges to family medicine physicians in providing high-quality patient care.1-3<br>Provisions of U.S. healthcare reform have led to the development of evidence-based<br>quality measures as tools for assessing and improving care processes and patient<br>outcomes. In recent years, sets of quality measures for CAD/CSA and T2DM have been<br>incorporated into value-based healthcare programs such as the Physician Quality<br>Reporting System (PQRS) and the Medicare Shared Savings Program for accountable<br>care organizations (ACOs), both of which are administered by the Centers for Medicare<br>and Medicaid Services.4,5</p>\n<p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>As part of a quality improvement education and research project, we assessed rates<br>of compliance with quality measures among ACO-affiliated family physicians. Based on<br>patient chart reviews, we compared compliance rates for the family physicians with<br>those of cardiologists who also practiced in ACOs. In addition, charts were reviewed<br>to assess referral practices and provision of patient counseling, measures that are<br>aligned with priorities of the National Quality Strategy.6</p>\n<br><p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The main study objective was to identify areas for improvement among family<br>physicians and general cardiologists in preventive cardiovascular care, angina<br>symptom management, provider-patient communication, and care coordination for<br>patients with CAD, CSA, and T2DM.</p>\n<br><p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>C harts that met inclusion criteria were retrospectively abstracted by trained medical<br>record reviewers. Abstracted chart measures included patient demographics and disease<br>characteristics, and the physicians\u2019 documented performance of the following:</p>\n<p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>METHODS</p>\n<br><p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>After obtaining independent IRB approval, we collaborated with 2 ACOs in New York and<br>Florida to recruit 14 family medicine physicians and 16 cardiologists to participate in the<br>quality improvement program. At baseline, administrative staff in each practice selected<br>between 5 and 15 patient charts that met the following inclusion criteria:</p>\n<br><p id='10' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>\u0084 7 PQRS quality measures for CAD/CSA: Prescription of antiplatelet, beta-blocker, and<br>hypertension therapy; lipid and blood pressure control; angina symptom management;<br>and cardiac rehabilitation referral</p>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>\u0084 6 PQRS quality measures for T2DM: Poor hemoglobin A1C control (> 9.0%),<br>lipid control, eye exam, nephropathy assessment, diabetic foot and ankle care,<br>and foot exam</p>\n<br><p id='12' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>\u0084 2 PQRS quality measures for preventive care: BMI screening and follow-up,<br>and tobacco screening and cessation intervention</p>\n<p id='13' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>\u0084 Age \u2265 18 years<br>\u0084 Diagnosis of CAD (ICD-9 codes 414.00-414.09)<br>\u0084 Diagnosis of CSA (ICD-9 codes 411.0-411.89, 413.0-413.9)<br>\u0084 Use of a sublingual nitrate or nitroglycerin sublingual spray<br>\u0084 Diagnosis of T2DM (ICD-9 codes 250, 357.2, 362.0, 366.41)<br>\u0084 \u2265 2 visits with the physician during the period</p>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>\u0084 Referrals to specialists, including from family physicians to cardiologists<br>or endocrinologists</p>\n<br><p id='15' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>\u0084 Patient counseling about medication benefits/risks and adherence,<br>and lifestyle modifications</p>\n<p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>STATISTICAL ANALYSIS</p>\n<br><p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Each physician\u2019s performance on the measures was recorded for analysis in Statistical<br>Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 22. Chi-square tests were performed<br>to determine the statistical reliability of differences in measures between the family<br>physicians and cardiologists. P values < 0.05 were considered significant.</p>\n<p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>RESULTS</p>\n<br><p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>A total of 238 charts were reviewed for the family physicians (n = 73) and cardiologists<br>(n = 165).</p>\n<p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Patient and Disease Characteristics</p>\n<br><p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The family medicine and cardiology patient samples were similar in age, proportions of<br>females and males, BMI, and rates of hypertension and dyslipidemia. Compared with<br>the cardiology sample (values presented first in the following comparisons), the family<br>physician sample had:</p>\n<br><p id='22' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>\u0084 Higher levels of hemoglobin A1C (7.0% vs 7.5%)<br>\u0084 Higher levels of fasting blood glucose (138 mg/dL vs 159 mg/dL)<br>\u0084 Lower incidences of myocardial infarction (36% vs 25%)<br>\u0084 Lower incidences of coronary stent placement (58% vs 33%)</p>\n<br><p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Compliance with PQRS Measures (Table 1)</p>\n<br><p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Compared with the cardiologists, the family physicians had significantly lower rates<br>of compliance with 3 of the 7 PQRS measures for CAD/CSA: antiplatelet therapy,<br>hypertension therapy, and angina symptom management. For the PQRS quality measures<br>for T2DM, the family physicians had a significantly greater proportion of patients with poor<br>hemoglobin A1C control, although the rate of neurological examination was significantly<br>higher among the family physicians. They also had significantly lower rates of compliance<br>with PQRS quality measures for tobacco cessation intervention for smokers and BMI<br>follow-up plans for obese patients. No other between-group differences in compliance<br>with PQRS measures were significant.</p>\n<p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Table 1. Differences Between Cardiologists and Family Physicians<br>in Compliance with PQRS Quality Measures</p>\n<br><table id='26' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>Measure</td><td>Cardiology Charts, % (n = 165)</td><td>Family Medicine Charts, % ( n = 73)</td><td>P Value</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"4\">PQRS Quality Measures for CAD/CSA</td></tr><tr><td>Antiplatelet therapy</td><td>64</td><td>38</td><td>< 0.001</td></tr><tr><td>ACE inhibitor or ARB therapy</td><td>85</td><td>71</td><td>0.014</td></tr><tr><td>Angina symptom management</td><td>36</td><td>0</td><td>< 0.001</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"4\">PQRS Quality Measures for CAD/CSA</td></tr><tr><td>Poor hemoglobin A1C control, > 9.0%</td><td>4</td><td>12</td><td>0.022</td></tr><tr><td>Neurological examination</td><td>20</td><td>81</td><td>< 0.001</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"4\">PQRS Quality Measures Screening and Prevention</td></tr><tr><td>Tobacco cessation intervention for smokers</td><td>100</td><td>71</td><td>< 0.001</td></tr><tr><td>BMI follow-up plan for obese patients</td><td>66</td><td>41</td><td>< 0.001</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB = angiotensin-receptor blocker.</p>\n<p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Referrals to Specialists (Table 2)</p>\n<br><p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Rates of referrals to specialists among the family physicians ranged from 4% for referrals to<br>podiatrists to 15% for referrals to cardiologists. The family physicians were less likely than the<br>cardiologists to refer patients to podiatrists and ophthalmologists but more likely to refer to<br>neurologists.</p>\n<p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Table 2.Differences Between Cardiologists and Family Physicians<br>in Referrals to Specialists</p>\n<br><h1 id='31' style='font-size:20px'>Provision of Patient Counseling (Table 3)</h1>\n<br><p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The percentages of charts documenting patient counseling were significantly greater<br>for family physicians than cardiologists for topics of medication risks/benefits, lifestyle<br>modifications, and nutrition.</p>\n<table id='33' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>Measure</td><td>Cardiology Charts, % (n = 165)</td><td>Family Medicine Charts, % ( n = 73)</td><td>P Value</td></tr><tr><td>PCP referral to cardiologists</td><td>\u2014</td><td>15</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>PCP referral to endocrinologists</td><td>\u2014</td><td>6</td><td>\u2014</td></tr><tr><td>Referrals to podiatrists</td><td>19</td><td>4</td><td>0.003</td></tr><tr><td>Referrals to neurologists</td><td>2</td><td>7</td><td>0.047</td></tr><tr><td>Referrals to ophthalmologists</td><td>18</td><td>7</td><td>0.023</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Table 3. Differences Between Cardiologists and Family Physicians<br>in Provision of Patient Counseling</p>\n<br><table id='35' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>Measure</td><td>Cardiology Charts, % (n = 165)</td><td>Family Medicine Charts, % ( n = 73)</td><td>P Value</td></tr><tr><td>Medication risks/benefits</td><td>51</td><td>86</td><td>< 0.001</td></tr><tr><td>Medication adherence</td><td>45</td><td>55</td><td>0.157</td></tr><tr><td>Lifestyle modifications</td><td>58</td><td>88</td><td>< 0.001</td></tr><tr><td>Diabetes management</td><td>56</td><td>63</td><td>0.296</td></tr><tr><td>Nutrition</td><td>5588</td><td>7799</td><td>0.002</td></tr></table>\n<p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>CONCLUSIONS</p>\n<br><p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Compared with cardiologists, the family physicians in this study had lower rates of<br>compliance with several PQRS quality measures that involve screening/prevention,<br>treatment, symptom management, and outcomes of patients with CAD/CSA and<br>T2DM. In addition, relatively low rates of referrals to specialists were observed in<br>the family physicians\u2019 charts. However, rates of provision of patient counseling were<br>greater among the family physicians. The findings suggest that family physicians may<br>benefit from continuing education and training that directly addresses these areas of<br>quality improvement in the care of patients with CAD/CSA and T2DM.</p>\n<p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>A cknowledgements</p>\n<br><p id='39' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The study was funded through an educational grant from Gilead Sciences, Inc.<br>The grant did not include funding to develop or present this poster.</p>\n<br><p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>We acknowledge the support of Indegene Total Therapeutic Management, Inc. (TTM)<br>in conducting cohort recruitment, chart abstraction, and supportive analysis for this<br>quality improvement project.</p>\n<p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>References</p>\n<br><p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>1. Peterson PN, et al. The impact of diabetes on one-year health status outcomes following acute coronary syndromes.</p>\n<br><p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2006;6:41.</p>\n<p id='44' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>disease in the BARI 2D trial. Circulation. 2009;120(25):2550-2558.</p>\n<br><p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>2. Donahoe SM, et al. Diabetes and mortality following acute coronary syndromes. JAMA. 2007;298(7):765-775.</p>\n<br><p id='46' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>3. Hlatky MA, et al. Economic outcomes of treatment strategies for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery</p>\n<p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>4. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Measures Codes. http://www.cms.gov.</p>\n<br><p id='48' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>5. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. ACO Quality Measures. http://www.cms.gov.</p>\n<br><p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>6. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. National Quality Strategy. http://www.ahrq.gov/</p>\n<br><p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>workingforquality/about.htm.</p>\n<footer id='51' style='font-size:18px'>\u00a9 1997-2015 PRIME Education, Inc.</footer>\n<br><footer id='52' style='font-size:18px'>Presented at: The 2015 American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) Family Medicine Experience (FMX); Denver, CO; September 29, 2015.</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1603090, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='80' style='font-size:14px'>S.B.ANo.A7</header>\n<p id='81' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>1 relationship:</p>\n<p id='82' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>2</p>\n<br><p id='83' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(1)AAbetween a primary care physician and a child or</p>\n<p id='84' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>3 adult patient in which the physician:</p>\n<p id='85' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>4</p>\n<br><p id='86' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(A)AAprovides comprehensive primary care to the</p>\n<p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>5 patient; and</p>\n<p id='88' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>6</p>\n<br><p id='89' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(B)AAfacilitates partnerships between the</p>\n<p id='90' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>7 physician, the patient, acute care and other care providers, and,</p>\n<p id='91' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>8 when appropriate, the patient \u2019s family; and</p>\n<p id='92' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>9 (2)AAthat encompasses the following primary</p>\n<p id='93' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>10 principles:</p>\n<p id='94' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>11</p>\n<br><p id='95' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(A)AAthe patient has an ongoing relationship with</p>\n<p id='96' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>12 the physician, who is trained to be the first contact for the</p>\n<p id='97' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>13 patient and to provide continuous and comprehensive care to the</p>\n<p id='98' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>14 patient;</p>\n<p id='99' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>15 (B)AAthe physician leads a team of individuals at</p>\n<p id='100' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>16 the practice level who are collectively responsible for the ongoing</p>\n<p id='101' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>17 care of the patient;</p>\n<p id='102' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>18 (C)AAthe physician is responsible for providing<br>19 all of the care the patient needs or for coordinating with other<br>20 qualified providers to provide care to the patient throughout the<br>21 patient \u2019s life, including preventive care, acute care, chronic<br>22 care, and end-of-life care;</p>\n<br><p id='103' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>23 (D)AAthe patient \u2019s care is coordinated across<br>24 health care facilities and the patient \u2019s community and is<br>25 facilitated by registries, information technology, and health<br>26 information exchange systems to ensure that the patient receives<br>27 care when and where the patient wants and needs the care and in a</p>\n<footer id='104' style='font-size:14px'>6</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1425122, "type": "html", "content": "<br><h1 id='10' style='font-size:22px'>Behavioral Health Collaboration</h1>\n<h1 id='11' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022 The primary care provider (PCP):</h1>\n<br><h1 id='12' style='font-size:18px'>\uf0d8Conducts an assessment after a member HRA is completed.</h1>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf0a7 History and physical, Alcohol Misuse Screening and Counseling<br>(AMSAC), lab work, etc.<br>\uf0a7 Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder<br>(GAD)-7, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) or AUDIT-<br>C</p>\n<br><h1 id='14' style='font-size:18px'>\uf0d8Identifies if a member is receiving behavioral health services<br>from:</h1>\n<br><p id='15' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf0a7 CalOptima Behavioral Health<br>\uf0a7 County of Orange Health Care Agency Behavioral Health Services or<br>county-contracted provider<br>\uf0a7 Drug Medi-Cal Organized Delivery System (DMC-ODS)</p>\n<br><h1 id='16' style='font-size:18px'>\uf0d8Health network\u2019s Personal Care Coordinator (PCC) assists in<br>identifying the member\u2019s behavioral health provider(s), as<br>needed.</h1>\n<footer id='17' style='font-size:14px'>23</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1156981, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='46' style='font-size:14px'>P a g e \| 4</header>\n<p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Analyse, interpret and present medicines data to highlight issues and risks to support decision<br>making.</p>\n<h1 id='48' style='font-size:14px'>1 6. Medicines quality improvement</h1>\n<br><p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Undertake clinical audits of prescribing in areas directed by the GPs, feedback the results and<br>implement changes in conjunction with the relevant practice team.</p>\n<h1 id='50' style='font-size:14px'>1 7. Medicines safety</h1>\n<br><p id='51' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Implement changes to medicines that result from MHRA alerts, product withdrawal and other local<br>and national guidance.</p>\n<p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>1 8. Implementation of local and national guidelines and formulary recommendations</p>\n<br><p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Monitor practice prescribing against the local health economy\u2019s RAG list and make recommendations<br>to GPs for medicines that should be prescribed by hospital doctors (red drugs) or subject to shared<br>care (amber drugs). Assist practices in seeing and maintaining a practice formulary that is hosted on<br>each practice\u2019s computer system.<br>Auditing practices\u2019 compliance against NICE technology assessment guidance.<br>Provide newsletters or bulletins on important prescribing messages.</p>\n<h1 id='54' style='font-size:18px'>1 9. Education and Training</h1>\n<br><p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Provide education and training to primary healthcare team on therapeutics and medicines<br>optimisation.</p>\n<h1 id='56' style='font-size:18px'>2 0. Care Quality Commission</h1>\n<br><p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Work with the general practice teams to ensure the practices are compliant with CQC standards<br>where medicines are involved.</p>\n<h1 id='58' style='font-size:18px'>2 1. Public health</h1>\n<br><p id='59' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>To support public health campaigns. To provide specialist knowledge on all public health<br>programmes available to the general public.</p>\n<h1 id='60' style='font-size:18px'>2 2. Collaborative working arrangements</h1>\n<br><h1 id='61' style='font-size:18px'>Participates in the PCN MDT.</h1>\n<br><p id='62' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Liaises with CCG colleagues including CCG pharmacists on prescribing related matters to ensure<br>consistency of patient care and benefit.<br>Liaises with colleagues including CCG,STP/ICS Pharmacists and Pharmacy Technicians on<br>prescribing related matters to ensure consistency of patient care and benefit<br>Liaises with colleagues including CCG,STP/ICS Pharmacists and Pharmacy Technicians Heads of<br>Medicines Management/Optimisation to benefit from peer support.<br>Foster and maintain strong links with all services across the PCN and neighbouring networks.<br>Explores the potential for collaborative working and takes opportunities to initiate and<br>sustain such relationships.<br>Liaises with other stakeholders as needed for the collective benefit of patients<br>Including but not limited to</p>\n<br><p id='63' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>1. Patients and their representatives<br>2. GP, nurses and other practice staff<br>3. Social prescribers, first contact physiotherapists, physicians associates and<br>paramedics.<br>4. Community pharmacists and support staff<br>5. Other members of the medicines management (MM) team including pharmacists,<br>Pharmacy Technicians and Dieticians<br>6. Locality / GP prescribing lead<br>7. Locality managers<br>8. Community nurses and other allied health professionals<br>9. Hospital staff with responsibilities for prescribing and medicines optimisation</p>\n<footer id='64' style='font-size:18px'>\u00a9Copyright Primary Care Pharmacy Association (PCPA)</footer>\n<br><footer id='65' style='font-size:18px'>www.pcpa.org.uk</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1425048, "type": "text", "content": "# Care Coordination Care Management (cont.)\n\n\n# \u2022 ICT roles and responsibilities include, but are not limited to:\n\n\n \n\n# \uf0d8Same responsibilities as basic care management plus:\n\n\n \n\n\uf0a7 Identification and management of transitions \n\uf0a7 Care management of higher risk members \n\uf0a7 Communication of ICPs to other care providers for higher risk \nmembers \n\uf0a7 Facilitating member, PCP, specialists and other caregiver \ncommunication \n\uf0a7 Coordination with and referrals to behavioral health or LTSS \n\uf0a7 Meetings as needed to coordinate care and stabilize member\u2019s \nmedical condition\n\n\n15\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 248206, "type": "text", "content": " \nFIGURE 1 Flowchart revealing ideal role of the PCP in prevention of SCD in the\nyoung. EP, electrophysiologist.\n\n\nformation of the left ventricular \nwall with thickened, normal, or \nthinned and dilated myocardium \nwith or without impaired systolic \nfunction).\n\n\nThe clinical features of each type of \ncardiomyopathy are displayed in \nTable 1. Morphologic differences are \nsignificant between each type of \ncardiomyopathy, and, therefore, \nimaging (echocardiography, MRI, \netc) is advised. The potential for life- \nthreatening arrhythmias is a \nunifying factor for all these \ncardiomyopathies.\n\n\n \n\nchannels in the cardiac cell \nmembrane or in intracellular \nproteins that interact with ion \ntransport and may result in \nidentifiable abnormalities on the \nECG. Imaging is not helpful in \ndiagnosing a channelopathy except \nto exclude cardiomyopathy as an \netiology for a cardiac event. The \nprimary channelopathies include the \nfollowing:\n\n\nChannelopathies\n\n\n \n\nChannelopathies are generally \nidentified in patients who otherwise \nhave normal cardiac anatomy and \nfunction. The defect involves the ion\n\n\n \n\n1\\. Long QT syndrome (LQTS): pro- \nlongation of the corrected QT in- \nterval (QTc) with abnormalities \nin T-wave morphology, some of \nwhich are associated with specif- \nic genotypes. Sudden infant \ndeath syndrome (SIDS) may be \nattributable to LQTS in approxi- \nmately 10% of cases.20 \n2\\. Short QT syndrome: extremely \nrare condition with abnormal\n\n\n \n\nshortening of the QTc with prom- \ninent and peaked T waves. \n3\\. Brugada syndrome (BrS): associ- \nated with a coved and elevated \nST elevation in ECG leads V1 and \nV2. Speci\ufb01c Brugada T-wave mor- \nphologies may indicate an elevat- \ned risk of cardiac arrest. \n4\\. Catecholaminergic polymorphic \nventricular tachycardia (CPVT): \nresting ECGs in these patients are \nalmost always normal. CPVT is \nmostly identi\ufb01ed with exercise \ntesting that results in increased \nventricular ectopy and even poly- \nmorphic ventricular tachycardia \n(VT). \n5\\. Idiopathic ventricular \ufb01brillation \n(IVF): patients presenting with \nventricular \ufb01brillation (VF) in \nwhom known cardiac, respirato- \nry, metabolic, and toxicological\n\n\nPEDIATRICS Volume 148, number 1, July 2021 from www.aappublications.org/news\nby guest on September 19, 2021 \nDownloaded\n\n\n \n3\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}]	Given the roles and duties outlined for primary care providers (PCPs), what additional responsibilities might they undertake to enhance community health regarding cardiac care?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 238, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 917450, "type": "text", "content": "HARBOR COMMUNITY BENEFIT FOUNDATION \nPORT-RELATED NOISE IMPACT STUDY FOR SAN PEDRO\n\n\nbuildings is to have comfortable indoor conditions throughout the year if\nwindows \nand doors remain closed.\n\n\nF or properties with confirmed noise impact with windows and doors closed, the\nbasic \ngoals to reduce building interior noise is to achieve a minimum five (5) dB\nnoise level \nreduction (NLR). The minimum five (5) dB noise reduction provides a noticeable \nreduction in the interior noise levels. Although a design goal is for at least\na five (5) \ndB noise reduction, designing for a slightly higher NLR increase as a margin\nof safety \nis common practice. In reality, the measured NLR increase after construction \ntypically can vary by two (2) to three (3) dB from projected values. These\ndifferences \nare caused by many factors such as quality of installation, changes in\nfurnishings that \naffect the interior acoustical conditions and due to the many variations in \nenvironmental conditions that result in differences in the acoustical tests in\nthe field.\n\n\n# 8 .2.2 Treatment Recommendations\n\n\nT his section discusses preliminary treatment options for the residential\nbuildings and \nclassrooms to ensure that noise impact is mitigated.\n\n\nL AUSD Harbor Occupational Center and homes in areas of all sites except Site\n#1 \nand Site #5 have exterior CNEL of 60 dB or greater. If these properties do not\nhave \nadequate ventilation or air conditioning, these are recommended to be\ninstalled.\n\n\nP roperties that were determined to be impacted in the San Pedro area with the\ngoal \nto provide a minimum of five (5) dB increase in the NLR (5 dB noise\nreduction). The \nselected treatments target primarily the \u201cweaker\u201d performing elements such as \nwindows and doors.\n\n\nN oise acts like water, if it finds a hole it will leak through. The typical\npaths of entry \nfor noise into a home include windows, doors, walls, vents, and thru-wall\nheaters/air \nconditioners. The principals involved in mitigating how noise enters a home\nare \nstraightforward:\n\n\n\uf0b7 The more airtight the product or installation, the more resistant it will be\nto \nairborne noise.\n\n\n \n\n\uf0b7 The denser the material, or the more mass it has, the more resistant it will\nbe \nto airborne noise.\n\n\n \n\n\uf0b7 Decoupling, or the physical isolation of interior and exterior surfaces,\nreduces \nthe transmission of noise.\n\n\n \n\n\uf0b7 Insulation, in certain cases, will help reduce noise energy by absorption.\n\n\nT hese four principles form the basis for our acoustical treatment\nrecommendations. \nTypical treatment recommendations for residences impacted by noise related to \ntransportation systems include replacement of doors and windows in habitable \nspaces, provision of adequate ventilation for homeowner comfort and air\nquality, and\n\n\nLandrum & Brown \nMarch 2020\n\n\n \nProperty Inventory and Mitigation Recommendations\n\n\n \nPage 58\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 500497, "type": "text", "content": "# PPA-270-2230\n\n\n \n16\n\n\nbefore me. Despite the disagreements regarding methodology (above) no parties\nactually \ndispute the general conclusion of either ALB018 or the council survey; namely\nthat external \nday time noise levels at the appeal site presently exceed the council\u2019s\nthreshold.\n\n\n \n\n9 4. The conclusions of both surveys convince me that some form of noise\nmitigation is \nan essential pre-requisite for the appeal proposal to proceed. That mitigation\nmust be \ncapable of attenuating external day time noise at the appeal site to levels\nthat do not \nexceed the council\u2019s threshold. I must also acknowledge that the same\nmitigation would \nalso attenuate night time noise levels outside (and possibly inside) for noise\noriginating to \nthe west, although the evidence (above) suggests that there is no requirement\nto do so.\n\n\n \n\n9 5. The appellant proposes a five metre high acoustic barrier as mitigation\nto attenuate \nnoise emanating from the sawmill. Based on my analysis above it would\nattenuate noise \nby 10 dB. Using the noise levels identified in ALB018 (LAeq 48 dB) and its\nsubsequent \nmitigation calculations then external day time noise levels at the appeal site\nwould be \nreduced to LAeq 38 dB. This would be 7 dB below the council\u2019s LAeq 45 dB noise\nthreshold. \nRecognising the estimates discussed in paragraph 52 (above), the 1 dB\nvariation identified \nby the appellant would not alter the overall conclusion here with regard to\nthe effectiveness \nof the proposed acoustic barrier.\n\n\n9 6. If the council\u2019s noise survey is used (LAeq 54 dB) then the proposed\nacoustic barrier \nwould attenuate external day time noise levels at the appeal site to LAeq 44\ndB. This would \nbe 1 dB below the council\u2019s noise threshold of LAeq 45 dB. It would be\nincorrect to apply the \nappellant\u2019s 1 dB variation (above) to the council\u2019s survey because it was\nderived using the \nconditions measured for ALB018 and distance assumptions may not accurately\napply to the \ncouncil\u2019s survey. Had such a comparison been valid the result would not have\nexceeded \nthe threshold.\n\n\n9 7. I must recognise that none of this evidence means that the sawmill\noperations would \nbe inaudible all of the time or that the appeal site would be silent as a\nresult of the proposed \nacoustic barrier. However, by either consideration (above) the proposed\nacoustic barrier \nwould sufficiently mitigate external day time noise levels at the appeal site\nto avoid them \nexceeding the council\u2019s threshold. In so doing it would therefore ensure that\nthe council\u2019s \nrequirements have been met.\n\n\n \n\n9 8. I am therefore content that the appeal proposal would comply with the\nprovisions of \nHWLDP (2012) policy 28 provided that the condition proposed by the council\u2019s \nenvironmental health officer is imposed to require installation of the\nproposed noise barrier \nis completed prior to occupation of the proposed housing. Doing so would\nprevent \nresidents being exposed to unacceptable noise levels prior to completion of\nthe barrier.\n\n\n \n\n9 9. The sawmill operator seeks conditions that were previously sought by the\ncouncil\u2019s \nenvironmental health team. However, the request for those conditions was not\namongst the \ncouncil\u2019s environmental health team\u2019s comments on planning application\n20/00493/FUL. \nGiven the evidence above relating to acoustic barrier performance the\naspirations of those \nconditions appear to have been achieved since they essentially sought to\nfulfil the council\u2019s \nnoise thresholds. Overall, I see no evidence to justify imposing those\nconditions.\n\n\n \n\n1 00. The council\u2019s response to my procedure notice included several documents\nthat had \nalready been considered. It also included various responses to the previous\nplanning \napplication. This illustrates a sequence of events but does not affect in any\nway my\n\n\n \n\nPlanning and Environmental Appeals Division \nHadrian House, Callendar Business Park, Falkirk, FK1 1XR \nwww.gov.scot/policies/planning-environmental-appeals/\n\n\n \n\nabcde\n\n\n \nabc\n\n\n \na\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 41732, "type": "text", "content": "# Objection to Change of use from residential to short \nterm visitor accommodation at 1F2 68B Grassmarket\n\n\n \n\n# Ref: 21/02351/FUL - Comment Here:\n\n\n \n\nhttps://citydev-portal.edinburgh.gov.uk/idoxpa-\nweb/applicationDetails.do?keyVal=Q \nSBNYLEWJUU00&activeTab;=summary\n\n\n1). The development is contrary to Hou 7 Inappropriate Uses in Residential\nAreas.\n\n\n \n\nShort-term lets make life a misery for those who are forced to share spaces\nwith them.\n\n\n \n\nA. Increased disturbance and waste - The enforcement notice and DPEA decision \n(ENA-230-2186) which exists against this property, details the increased\ndisturbance and \nwaste at this property arising from its use as a short-term let. It has been\nconcluded in 98% \nof the 45 DPEA planning appeals in tenements, that short-term lets have a\nmaterially \ndetrimental impact on the living conditions for close neighbours8, such as in\nthis case.\n\n\n \n\nB. Concentration of short-term lets - The applicant places significant\nimportance to an \nappeal decision at Johnston Terrace where an application for change of use to\nSTL was \nsustained. The decision seemed to suggest that the living conditions of the\nfinal resident \nmust be so compromised that they no longer needed to be protected. The views\nin this \nappeal decision are an exception and not consistent with the 98% of cases in\ntenements \nwhich have been dismissed.\n\n\n \n\nOther concentrations of short-term lets in a single tenement have been closed\nin other \nequally busy locations including 5 Castle Wynd (Flats 6, 7 and 9), 22\nHaymarket Terrace \n(3F2, 3F3, 4F3) and 63 Bread Street (F2, 3 and 11). In each of these cases the\nreporter \nhas cited the need to protect the security and peace of other residents.\n\n\n \n\nC. External vs internal noise - PPA-230-2239 notes \u201c\u2026there is an important\ndistinction to \ndraw between external ambient noise, which is a characteristic of a city\ncentre location \nsuch as this, and sources of noise and disturbance from within the building\nitself .1\n\n\n \n\nD. Loss of security - The loss of security is a huge concern to residents who\nshare spaces \nwith unlawful short-term lets. The Johnston Terrace decision acknowledges this\nloss of \nsecurity but offers no reason why the remaining resident of this block, who\nobjected so \npassionately to the change of use, should be expected to live with this.\n\n\n \n\nThe DPEA decision at this property notes how the use of lockboxes and high\nturnover of \ncustomers represent the loss of security to permanent residents at this\nproperty - \u201cThis \nwould change the level of actual and perceived security for permanent\nresidents in a \nmanner that would not otherwise be the case under typical residential\ncircumstances.\u201d\n\n\n \n\nE. The existence of a large number of unlawful short-term lets in the area -\nshould not be \ntaken in support of such applications. CLUD-230-2009 - \u201cthe decision should be\nmade \nagainst the lawful use of the neighbouring properties (which is as homes)\u201d.2\n\n\n1 https://dpea.scotland.gov.uk/CaseDetails.aspx?ID=119810 \n2 https://www.dpea.scotland.gov.uk/CaseDetails.aspx?ID=120406\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 197853, "type": "text", "content": "The intention is to carry out a further noise assessment once all these\nmitigations \nhave been completed to indicate whether any further actions are required. This\nis \nscheduled for the Spring.\n\n\n \n\n8.35 In a follow-up email the applicant also indicated that they were actively\nassessing \nother noise complaints relating to the operations of support vessels at the\nfarm \noutwith normal daytime hours. The noise profile of these vessels will be\nincluded in \nthe follow-up noise assessment mentioned above and used to help identify the \nmost suitable locations for these vessels should they have to occasionally\noperate \nat night for unavoidable operational and fish health reasons.\n\n\n \n\nThe company is also looking at the potential use of \u2018enviro-nets\u2019 which do not\nneed \nthe services of a mechanical net washer.\n\n\n \n\n8.36 In their second consultation response Environmental Health have indicated\nthat \nthey no longer have an objection so long as a condition is imposed on any \npermission which secures the above mitigation and also the promised compliance \nmonitoring. This condition can be in a suspensive form requiring approval of\nthe \noutcomes of the compliance monitoring prior to the commencement of the new \nplanning permission.\n\n\n \n\n8.37 In terms of noise as a planning consideration this is considered to be a\nsatisfactory \noutcome. Of course, individual noise nuisance occurrences can still be\naddressed \nthrough Environmental Health legislation.\n\n\n \n\nOther material considerations\n\n\n \n\n8.38 There are no other material considerations.\n\n\n \n\nNon-material considerations\n\n\n \n\n# 8.39 None\n\n\n \n\nMatters to be secured by Section 75 Agreement\n\n\n \n\n# 8.40 None\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3463405, "type": "text", "content": "A site-specific NVMP table overleaf details the above noise sources and how\nthe \ncurrent and proposed infrastructure on site will reduce the impact of noise to \nsurrounding properties.\n\n\nIn addition to the existing controls in this NVMP, the complaints procedure\nfurther \ndiscussed in Section 10 will be used in the event that any noise complaints\nare received. \nIf a noise complaint is received and the applicant has been made aware,\nimmediate \naction will take place reviewing and identifying whether any changes to\nexisting \nprocedures are required or if new procedures need to be put in place. Any\nchanges \nwhich may be required will be implemented immediately.\n\n\n55\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1890795, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='96' style='font-size:18px'>NOISE</h1>\n<br><p id='97' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>I am surprised that such a large outside drinking area is being considered facing<br>residential properties. Having an enclosed building is bad enough, but the noise<br>from this large open area will have a real negative impact on nearby residents</p>\n<h1 id='98' style='font-size:18px'>5.4 Cllr Paul Alexander \u2013 Newport Pagnell South (a Member of this Committee)</h1>\n<h1 id='99' style='font-size:18px'>N o comments received.</h1>\n<h1 id='100' style='font-size:18px'>5.5 MKC Highways</h1>\n<p id='101' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>I note the Inspector\u2019s comments on parking availability being 21-52 spaces over the<br>surveyed area and this represents an occupancy rate of 85 \u2013 94%. Parking industry<br>good practice states that car parks are considered to be at capacity when the rate<br>is 85% and higher. With an approximate 130m2 of additional public bar / customer<br>combined with the loss of 6-10 existing spaces (the demand for which will be<br>displaced into public areas) then the likelihood is that the remaining public parking<br>spaces will at times approach / exceed 100%. However, in light of the Inspector\u2019s<br>decision on the scheme of parking I conclude that it would be unreasonable to<br>object to the planning application on parking grounds.</p>\n<h1 id='102' style='font-size:18px'>5.6 MKC Conservation</h1>\n<br><h1 id='103' style='font-size:18px'>I nitial comments (received 13.09.2019)</h1>\n<p id='104' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>I have noted the revised application and supporting documents and confirm that<br>there are no grounds for a conservation based objection in detail or in principle to<br>the proposed conversion of the buildings to a public house /restaurant use, subject<br>to conditions controlling matters such as finished height, materials (we note the<br>proposed use of Welsh slate on the materials schedule and will expect this material<br>to be used with evidence provided to confirm its use) and method statements for<br>general uplift and installation of the gents wc\u2019s.</p>\n<p id='105' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>A dditional comments following further consideration of plans (received<br>17.09.2019)</p>\n<p id='106' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>M y first concern in respect of controlling the detail of the proposals is the apparent<br>discrepancy in heights of the ridges from the given \u20180\u2019 datum. We advise that this<br>apparent discrepancy in heights is attended to prior to the grant of planning<br>permission and listed building consent noting that our clear preference is for the<br>lower values.</p>\n<h1 id='107' style='font-size:18px'>5 .7 MKC Environmental Health</h1>\n<p id='108' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Initial comments (received 19.09.2019)</p>\n<h1 id='109' style='font-size:18px'>N o Objection to the application.</h1>\n<br><p id='110' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>I note the Noise Impact Assessment which has been submitted is the same which<br>accompanied the 2016 Planning Application which I also considered at that time.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1890805, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='73' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>detract so sharply from the historic context of the site. This is exemplified via the<br>retention of the views of the tower of the Grade I Listed Church to of St. Peter and<br>St Paul from the rear of no. 22 facilitated by this drop in scale and height.</p>\n<br><p id='74' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>7.39 However, in regard to the east facing flank wall of nos. 18-20, which serves as the<br>western boundary of the existing public right of way, it is recognised that the<br>introduction of an albeit light-weight structure, fitted with glazing, would, to an<br>extent, obscure the view of this wall. Both this fa\u00e7ade and the rear elevation on no.<br>22, which would also be obscured from view by the extension, contribute towards<br>the character and appearance of the Conservation Area.</p>\n<br><p id='75' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>7.40 The obscuring of these facades is considered to cause less than substantial harm<br>to the Conservation Area by virtue of blurring the contribution that they make to its<br>character and appearance.</p>\n<br><p id='76' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>7 .41 Overall, it is considered that the development would result in less than substantial<br>harm to the Newport Pagnell Conservation Area and the setting of nos. 18-20 and<br>no. 22 St John Street- harm which has been significantly reduced through the<br>amendments made to the proposal. The balancing of this harm against the public<br>benefits arising from this development shall take place at the close of this report.</p>\n<h1 id='77' style='font-size:18px'>Residential Amenity/Environmental Pollution</h1>\n<br><p id='78' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>7 .42 Policy D5 of Plan:MK requires new development to be designed in a manner which<br>does not prejudice the amenities of existing residential properties.</p>\n<p id='79' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>7.43 Policy NE6 of Plan:MK seeks to ensure that pollution generated via development<br>will not have an unacceptable impact on human health, groundwater, general<br>amenity, biodiversity of the wider natural environment. The Policy also addresses<br>the need for the impact on air quality, noise and vibration and light pollution arising<br>from development to be kept to an acceptable level.</p>\n<br><p id='80' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>7.44 While it is noted that the Inspectorate\u2019s decision regarding the previous application<br>to redevelop the site did not find the scheme unacceptable on the grounds of<br>impact on residential amenity or the creation of unacceptable levels of<br>environmental pollution, it is appreciated that the revisions made to the layout of the<br>scheme may give rise to additional consideration of this matter.</p>\n<br><h1 id='81' style='font-size:18px'>N oise;</h1>\n<p id='82' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>7.45 The applicant had initially submitted the same noise survey report that was<br>associated with the previous application to redevelop the site. However, it was<br>deemed necessary for additional information to be provided to account for the<br>revised site layout. The additional information was also required as the original<br>noise levels had been tempered by the provision of an acoustic fence towards the<br>rear of the site which would have limited the impact of noise on the residential<br>properties towards the rear of the site and namely nos. 13 and 13A.</p>\n<p id='83' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>7.46 Subsequently, the applicant submitted an addendum to the noise report to account<br>for the revised layout. The addendum found that the revised scheme would result in</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1890797, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='122' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>proposal is to increase the footprint of the structure which will ultimately intensify<br>the use of the space, increase capacity numbers and footfall which would equate to<br>an increase in noise levels from patrons. As such, in the interests of reducing<br>potential for noise disturbance to nearby residential premises, it might be prudent to<br>restrict use of the larger outside area for the consumption of alcohol by way of<br>planning condition by extending the existing Premises Licence condition to include<br>a restriction on alcohol consumption after 23:00hrs. Namely, no alcohol<br>consumption in the larger outdoor beer garden after 23:00hrs.</p>\n<p id='123' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>I n order to reduce potential noise impact from mechanical plant I would request, by<br>way of condition, that there is attenuation of mechanical plant to 5dB below<br>background sound levels at the nearest noise sensitive receiver as determined by<br>an assessment under BS4142:2014. Details of noise and odour abatement<br>measures to be incorporated into the kitchen air extraction system to be submitted<br>in advance of installation and mitigation measures to be retained thereafter.</p>\n<br><h1 id='124' style='font-size:18px'>5.8 MKC Archaeology</h1>\n<p id='125' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>I nitial comments (received 10.09.2019)</p>\n<p id='126' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>I n my view, the potential effects on buried archaeology of this proposal could be<br>mitigated by a programme of archaeological monitoring and recording (a watching<br>brief) during the construction phase. This could be secured by condition.</p>\n<br><h1 id='127' style='font-size:18px'>5.9 MKC Landscaping</h1>\n<p id='128' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>I nitial comments (received 09.07.2019)</p>\n<p id='129' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>I note the application includes a method statement for knotweed treatment.</p>\n<p id='130' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>T here are strict controls on Japanese Knotweed (JK). Spraying with chemicals can<br>be an effective treatment to stop invasive plants from spreading. You must only use<br>approved herbicides. However one application (proposed) is not enough and it will<br>have to be resprayed. It usually takes 3 years to treat Japanese knotweed until the<br>underground rhizomes become dormant. The method statement submitted with the<br>application is insufficient.</p>\n<p id='131' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>I suggest a condition for the applicant to provide a full method statement for the<br>treatment and disposal of invasive non-native plant species from the site prior to<br>the commencement of the development.</p>\n<p id='132' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>T he landscaping scheme would be acceptable subject to a compliance condition.</p>\n<br><h1 id='133' style='font-size:18px'>5.10 MKC Public Rights of Way</h1>\n<p id='134' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>I nitial comments (received 09.09.2019)</p>\n<br><p id='135' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>T he proposed diversion will almost double the length of the existing route, the most<br>direct route possible should be offered, whilst also taking into account the various<br>requirements of the Equality Act 2010 regarding ramp gradient and turning space.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 359925, "type": "text", "content": "There is also a highly noise affected level above which further mitigation\nneeds to be considered, such as \nadditional consultation and notification, additional respite periods, and\nalternative accommodation.\n\n\n \n\nTable 7-102 Noise management levels at residential receivers\n\n\n \n\n# Non-residential receivers\n\n\n \n\nThe noise management levels for non-residential receivers are provided in\nTable 7-103. These levels apply \nonly during hours when the non-residential premises are being used.\n\n\n \n\nThe difference between an internal noise level and the external noise level is\n10dB(A), which provides a \nconservative assumption that windows are open. Buildings where windows are\nfixed or cannot otherwise be \nopened may achieve a greater noise level performance.\n\n\n \n\nTable 7-103 Noise management levels at other noise sensitive land uses\n\n\n \n\n1The criterion is specified as an internal noise level for this receiver\ncategory. As the noise model predicts external noise levels, it \nwas conservatively assumed that all schools and places of worship have\nopenable windows and external noise levels are therefore \n10 dB higher than the corresponding internal level, which is generally\nconsidered representative of windows being partially open for \nventilation. Hospital wards are assumed to have fixed windows with 20 dB\nhigher external levels.\n\n\n \n\n2 It was conservatively assumed that these receivers have openable windows and\nexternal noise levels are therefore 10 dB higher \nthan the corresponding internal level.\n\n\nM12 Motorway - Section 7-7 \nEnvironmental impact statement\n\n\n \n567\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 359984, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='70' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>There is also a highly noise affected level above which further mitigation needs to be considered, such as<br>additional consultation and notification, additional respite periods, and alternative accommodation.</p>\n<br><p id='71' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Table 7-102 Noise management levels at residential receivers</p>\n<br><table id='72' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td>Time of day</td><td>NML LAeq (15min)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">Recommended standard construction hours: \u2022 Monday to Friday 7am to 6pm \u2022 Saturday 8am to 1pm \u2022 No work on Sundays or public holidays</td><td>Noise affected RBL + 10dB(A)</td></tr><tr><td>Highly noise affected 75dB(A)</td></tr><tr><td>Outside recommended standard construction hours</td><td>Noise affected RBL + 5dB (A)</td></tr></table>\n<br><h1 id='73' style='font-size:20px'>Non-residential receivers</h1>\n<br><p id='74' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The noise management levels for non-residential receivers are provided in Table 7-103. These levels apply<br>only during hours when the non-residential premises are being used.</p>\n<br><p id='75' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The difference between an internal noise level and the external noise level is 10dB(A), which provides a<br>conservative assumption that windows are open. Buildings where windows are fixed or cannot otherwise be<br>opened may achieve a greater noise level performance.</p>\n<br><p id='76' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Table 7-103 Noise management levels at other noise sensitive land uses</p>\n<br><table id='77' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td>Land use</td><td>NML LAeq(15minute)</td></tr><tr><td>Classrooms at schools and other education institutions</td><td>Internal noise level 45 dBA1</td></tr><tr><td>Places of Worship</td><td>Internal noise level 45 dBA1</td></tr><tr><td>Active recreation areas (characterised by sporting activities and activities which generate their own noise or focus for participants)</td><td>External noise level 65 dBA</td></tr><tr><td>Passive recreation areas (characterised by contemplative activities that generate little noise and where benefits are compromised by external noise intrusion)</td><td>External noise level 60 dBA</td></tr><tr><td>Commercial</td><td>External noise level 70 dBA</td></tr><tr><td>Industrial</td><td>External noise level 75 dBA</td></tr><tr><td>Public building (when in use)</td><td>Internal noise level 50 dBA2</td></tr><tr><td>Caf\u00e9 (when in use)</td><td>Internal noise level 50 dBA2</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='78' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>1The criterion is specified as an internal noise level for this receiver category. As the noise model predicts external noise levels, it<br>was conservatively assumed that all schools and places of worship have openable windows and external noise levels are therefore<br>10 dB higher than the corresponding internal level, which is generally considered representative of windows being partially open for<br>ventilation. Hospital wards are assumed to have fixed windows with 20 dB higher external levels.</p>\n<br><p id='79' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>2 It was conservatively assumed that these receivers have openable windows and external noise levels are therefore 10 dB higher<br>than the corresponding internal level.</p>\n<footer id='80' style='font-size:16px'>M12 Motorway - Section 7-7<br>Environmental impact statement</footer>\n<br><footer id='81' style='font-size:16px'>567</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Considering the differences between internal and external noise mentioned, what actions can be taken to minimize internal noise if conversions to short-term lets are approved?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 241, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 23389, "type": "text", "content": "legacy/kostash\n\n\n \n2\n\n\noutside and poplar logs on the inside, was Mouse City \u2013 I could hear their\nfriendly \nscrabbling at night, and then the distressing \u201cplop\u201d of their little bodies\ntaking \nnose dives into the slop pail \u2013 and I asked the Public Health nurse in\nVegreville \nhow I should protect myself. When she advised me never to sweep but only to \ndaub with a damp cloth while wearing rubber gloves and a face mask each time I \ncame to stay in the shack, I knew it was all over, this idyll in the\nUkrainian- \nCanadian townships hard by the North Saskatchewan River.\n\n\nI t had begun in 1975, the summer I lived in the Frontenac Motel in Two Hills, \nresearching the book that would be published in 1978, All of Baba\u2019s Children. \nCooped up in a little room, dust blowing around in the motel forecourt from\nthe \nhighway, the August sun heating up the place like a grill, I was delighted by\nan \ninvitation to visit friends of friends who had just bought a quarter-section\n\u201cup the \nroad\u201d and were fixing it up. I sat in a lawn chair under a straw hat, fanned\nby a \nbreeze coming off the field, while they transformed a shambolic log-and-\nplaster \npile that had been the home of a Dmytro Sidor \u2013 a bachelor, it seemed, who had \nnever needed to build anything larger nor had even dug a well - into a summer \ncottage. It looked very inviting, trim within its brightly-stained siding,\nwide-eyed \nwith new window panes, blushing with nasturtiums and pansies transferred into\na \nflowerbed by the broad-planked \u201cfront\u201d door. Inside, in the wonderful\ncoolness, \nthe sun beaten off by the overhanging eaves, stood the gleaming porcelain and \ncast iron cook stove, a stack of spindly poplar logs neatly piled alongside,\nand in \na corner hung a wooden box nailed onto the northern wall, an instant bookcase \nalready nestling a Farmer\u2019s Almanac. I was enchanted, utterly.\n\n\n \n\nT wo summers later, the friends of friends had decided to move on to Toronto, \nand the property was for sale. I had just received my first royalty cheque\nfrom \nsales of All of Baba\u2019s Children and I knew this was no mere coincidence: I was \nmeant to buy the place. Within weeks, I was not only its owner, I was its \nchatelaine, its lady of the manor, its resident troubadour. Although I had\nlived all \nmy life in the parkland of Canada\u2019s great north-west territory, here in Tulova\nI \nwas finally at home in it.\n\n\nI learned what a saskatoon bush looks like and where to find marsh marigolds \nand how the mating wood grouse sings, I planted a windbreak of Scotch pines \nand rolled up old barbed wire fencing and learned to fire a semi-automatic\n.22, I \noutwitted the squirrels in the rafters and the ants in their hill under the\nwindow, I \nfired up the woodstove and baked pumpkin pies from the garden where pocket \ngophers had the first fruits of my labours, I harvested rosehips and dried\nthem in \na cheesecloth hanging in the breeze, I volunteered to sell hotdogs at the\nrodeo \nand I danced the polka with farmers at a Ukrainian wedding. I woke to morning \nbirdsong and sat at night under the Milky Way, and the high morning when I\nfirst \nheard the plaintive honk of the geese forming up for the trip south, I knew\nthat I \ntoo would soon be packing it in.\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 23388, "type": "text", "content": "legacy/kostash\n\n\n \n1\n\n\n# Places of the Heart column \nLegacy magazine\n\n\nA long with the family mementoes arranged on my maple dresser stands a \nframed photo of a shack. Weathering has darkened its cedar boards, the white- \nsilled windows sit askew in their frame, and the red-shingled roof slumps \nworryingly in the middle, but for nearly twenty years this modest shelter on a \nquarter-section near Two Hills was my pride and joy. I named it \u201cTulova,\u201d for\nthe \nvillage in Galicia my paternal grandparents had left behind to emigrate to\nRoyal \nPark, Alberta, in the Ukrainian bloc settlements. Two Hills lay at their\neastern \nreach.\n\n\nI took the photo in the late Fall, when admittedly the \u201cestate\u201d was not at its\nbest, \nthe aspen poplars having lost all their leaves and the thick grasses and\nwillow \nbushes around the shack having dried up completely, although there was \nprobably still a clump or two of purple aster near the rickety stoop seducing\na \ndawdling bumblebee.\n\n\nI took the picture, got in my car, drove away on the gravel road straight\nsouth for \nsix miles until I hit Highway 36, turned west, and never came back.\n\n\n \n\nI had sold the place to the neighbour, who needed it more than I. He would\ncrop \nhay for his cows, while I would be travelling and teaching and researching and \nconferencing, a life that made it harder and harder to arrange even a week or\ntwo \nin the shack, even in the summer when the land was in its parkland glory. For \nyears I had rejoiced in the simplicity of a retreat to a shack without\nelectricity or \nrunning water (I used coal oil lamps, I caught rainwater in a barrel, I\nchopped \nwood for the stove) but eventually I had to admit that I really did need to\nuse a \ncomputer. For years and years I had taken daily walks through and around the \nbush bordering the cultivated fields and along cow trails in community\npastures, \nbreathing in the healing scents of wild prairie rose in June, of clover in\nJuly, of \nhighbush cranberry in August while the trembling aspen shuddered in the \nbreezes, until, catastrophically, the proverbial seven years of plague \u2013 tent \ncaterpillars \u2013 visited the aspen parkland and writhing, black, shiny, masses\nof \nworms devastated the woods. I would watch them from my desk, devouring the \nwillow bush right there shading the east-facing window, and in a mad rage \nagainst Nature herself I flew outdoors with the bright red canister of\nkerosene \nand doused the willow branches, gleefully witnessing the death agony of \ncreatures whose hideous appetite was killing \u201cmy\u201d woods.\n\n\nF inally, not a couple of years later arrived the hanta virus on its long\nmigration \nfrom south-western U.S. to B.C. to Alberta, and suddenly there were reports of \nfarmers dying of sudden pulmonary failure in the farming communities of\nAlberta: \nthey were breathing in the dried feces of infected deer mice as they swept out \ngranaries and barns. My shack, with its spaces between cedar siding on the\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 611946, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='78' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>1 projects in excess of ten million dollars ($10,000,000) in total costs subject to inflation.<br>2 Notwithstanding any general laws to the contrary, certifications shall be valid for a maximum of<br>3 two (2) years from the date of issuance. Factors to be considered by the school building authority<br>4 in granting certification to prime contractors shall include, but not be limited to, the contractor\u2019s<br>5 history of completing complex projects on time and on budget, track record of compliance with<br>6 applicable environmental and safety regulations, evidence that completed prior projects<br>7 prioritized the facility\u2019s future maintainability, and compliance with applicable requirements for<br>8 the use of women and minority owned subcontractors.</p>\n<br><p id='79' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>9 (7) Developing a mandatory statewide maintenance checklist and facilities standards for</p>\n<p id='80' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>10 all school buildings that includes a minimum annual spending requirement for maintenance</p>\n<p id='81' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>11 and/or a requirement for capital reserve funds dedicated exclusively for annual maintenance in</p>\n<p id='82' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>12 accordance with national best practices. Districts shall adhere to the maintenance spending</p>\n<p id='83' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>13 requirements beginning June 30, 2019 and facilities standards beginning June 30, 2021.</p>\n<p id='84' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>14 (6)(8) Providing technical advice and assistance, training, and education to cities, towns,<br>15 and/or LEAs and to certified general contractors, subcontractors, construction or project<br>16 managers, designers and others in planning, maintenance, and establishment of school facility<br>17 space;</p>\n<p id='85' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>18 (7)(9) Developing a project priority system, based on the recommendations of the school<br>19 building authority advisory board, in accordance with school construction regulations for the state<br>20 school housing aid set forth in \u00a7\u00a7 16-7-35 to 16-7-47 and the school building authority capital<br>21 fund, subject to review and, if necessary, to be revised on intervals not to exceed five (5) years.<br>22 Project priorities shall be in accordance with include, but not be limited to, the following order of<br>23 priorities:</p>\n<p id='86' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>24 (i) Projects to replace or renovate a building that is structurally unsound or otherwise in a<br>25 condition seriously jeopardizing the health and safety of school children where no alternative<br>26 exists;</p>\n<p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>27</p>\n<br><p id='88' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(ii) Projects needed to prevent loss of accreditation;</p>\n<p id='89' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>28 (iii) Projects needed for the replacement, renovation, or modernization of the HVAC</p>\n<p id='90' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>29 system in any schoolhouse to increase energy conservation and decrease energy-related costs in</p>\n<p id='91' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>30 said schoolhouse;</p>\n<p id='92' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>31 (iv) Projects needed to replace or add to obsolete buildings in order to provide for a full</p>\n<p id='93' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>32 range of programs consistent with state and approved local requirements; and</p>\n<p id='94' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>33 (v) Projects needed to comply with mandatory, instructional programs.</p>\n<p id='95' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>34 (8)(10) Maintaining a current list of requested school projects and the priority given</p>\n<footer id='96' style='font-size:14px'>LC003937 - Page 229 of 402</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2618273, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='32' style='font-size:20px'>Summer/Early Fall 2009</h1>\n<br><h1 id='33' style='font-size:20px'>Quality vs. Quantity</h1>\n<br><p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>This year we saw heaps of students and had a record number of visits. The grand totals for<br>the year are as follows: 3677 students visited the schoolhouse and 160 days of programming<br>took place, the most since 2002-2003. Quantity is an easy measure but how do we ensure the<br>quality remains? This an issue I constantly wrestle with. Teachers are encouraged to evaluate<br>the school day by filling out a program evaluation at the end of their visit, though few take this<br>opportunity some do and here is a quote from one teacher describing her highlights of the day,<br>\"Watching how the children adapt to new environment. Seeing how they handle using good<br>manners and strict orders. Listening as they recall their historical knowledge.\" May, 2009<br>A few brave teachers round out the student's schoolhouse experience by sending letters to the<br>Schoolmaster after their visit, here are a couple of quotes from this year's letters.<br>\"Thank you for teaching us how to write hand writing. Thank you for showing us your gar-<br>den.\" October 2008 Gr.3<br>\"I liked the punishments, especially the dunce cap.\" January 2009 Gr.3</p>\n<br><p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>It\u2019s qualitative data but it\u2019s all we have. If the bookings for the coming year are any indica-<br>tion the program is alive and well here at The Old Britannia Schoolhouse. There are 146 days<br>booked for schoolhouse visits in 2009-2010 on July 6th, which means there are a few openings<br>but not many. We look forward to welcoming the newest group of students from \u201clong ago\u201d as<br>they learn to write on slates, face the challenges of mental arithmetic and spelling bees, master<br>walking on stilts and experience a day without electronic gizmos.</p>\n<p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Sundays 2009----10101010 2009 2009<br>Open Sundays<br>Open<br>Open Sundays 2009<br>Open<br>Sundays<br>1 to 4 pm pm<br>1<br>4<br>to<br>1 to 4 pm pm<br>to<br>1<br>4<br>month with light refreshments refreshments refreshments<br>new every month<br>light<br>Something new<br>Something<br>with<br>every<br>with light refreshments<br>light<br>every month with<br>new every<br>month<br>Something new<br>Something</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2618265, "type": "text", "content": "# Summer/Early Fall 2009\n\n\n \n\n# Quality vs. Quantity\n\n\n \n\nThis year we saw heaps of students and had a record number of visits. The\ngrand totals for \nthe year are as follows: 3677 students visited the schoolhouse and 160 days of\nprogramming \ntook place, the most since 2002-2003. Quantity is an easy measure but how do\nwe ensure the \nquality remains? This an issue I constantly wrestle with. Teachers are\nencouraged to evaluate \nthe school day by filling out a program evaluation at the end of their visit,\nthough few take this \nopportunity some do and here is a quote from one teacher describing her\nhighlights of the day, \n\"Watching how the children adapt to new environment. Seeing how they handle\nusing good \nmanners and strict orders. Listening as they recall their historical\nknowledge.\" May, 2009 \nA few brave teachers round out the student's schoolhouse experience by sending\nletters to the \nSchoolmaster after their visit, here are a couple of quotes from this year's\nletters. \n\"Thank you for teaching us how to write hand writing. Thank you for showing us\nyour gar- \nden.\" October 2008 Gr.3 \n\"I liked the punishments, especially the dunce cap.\" January 2009 Gr.3\n\n\n \n\nIt\u2019s qualitative data but it\u2019s all we have. If the bookings for the coming\nyear are any indica- \ntion the program is alive and well here at The Old Britannia Schoolhouse.\nThere are 146 days \nbooked for schoolhouse visits in 2009-2010 on July 6th, which means there are\na few openings \nbut not many. We look forward to welcoming the newest group of students from\n\u201clong ago\u201d as \nthey learn to write on slates, face the challenges of mental arithmetic and\nspelling bees, master \nwalking on stilts and experience a day without electronic gizmos.\n\n\nSundays 2009----10101010 2009 2009 \nOpen Sundays \nOpen \nOpen Sundays 2009 \nOpen \nSundays \n1 to 4 pm pm \n1 \n4 \nto \n1 to 4 pm pm \nto \n1 \n4 \nmonth with light refreshments refreshments refreshments \nnew every month \nlight \nSomething new \nSomething \nwith \nevery \nwith light refreshments \nlight \nevery month with \nnew every \nmonth \nSomething new \nSomething\n\n\n3\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3033025, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u00a0</p>\n<p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The schedule of activities and estimated cost throughout the year 2020:</p>\n<br><table id='12' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td>Activity / Age</td><td>Time</td><td>Needs</td><td>Prices</td><td>Total</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">Catechism for children from 8-14 years-old</td><td rowspan=\"2\">Fridays from 11 am. - 2 pm.</td><td>1) Transportation for 25 students coming from outside of Ader and 25 children from Ader 2) Hospitality (Snacks, biscuits, Juice\u2026)</td><td>$3540 weeks/year</td><td>$1,400</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>$ 4440</td><td>$1,760</td></tr><tr><td>Catechism for youth 15 \u2013 20 years-old</td><td>Every Friday from 3 \u2013 5 pm.</td><td>1) transportation for 20 students from outside Ader</td><td>$3540</td><td>$1,400</td></tr><tr><td>Christmas Party for 150 children, from 3 \u2013 12 years old</td><td>Once a year</td><td>1) To Purchase Amplifier system 2) Distribute gifts</td><td></td><td>$2,210 $1,000</td></tr><tr><td>Summer Bible camp for one week for children 5- 12 years-old</td><td>During summer holiday</td><td>1) Transportation 2 ) Hospitality (snacks, biscuits, and Juice)</td><td>2buses$357days $ 360 child* 7</td><td>$490 $1,260</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">Summer Bible camp for one week for youth 13 \u2013 18 years - old</td><td rowspan=\"2\">During summer holiday</td><td>1) Transportation</td><td>2buses$357days</td><td>$490</td></tr><tr><td>2 ) Hospitality (snacks, biscuits, and Juice)</td><td>$ 350 child 7</td><td>$1,050</td></tr><tr><td>Stationary, colors, indoor games and other necessities</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>$282</td></tr><tr><td>Clean the community Center</td><td>Throughout the year 2020</td><td></td><td></td><td>$425</td></tr><tr><td>Extra expenses on the electricity bill</td><td>Throughout the year 2020</td><td></td><td></td><td>$425</td></tr><tr><td>Maintain the facilities</td><td>Yearly maintenance</td><td></td><td></td><td>$282</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"4\">Total amount needed in 2020</td><td>$12,474</td></tr></table>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2979641, "type": "text", "content": "SERVICE SPECIFICATIONS\n\n\n# O PENING SPECIFICATIONS\n\n\n \n\n1\\. Opening dates are scheduled on a first come, first served basis. We will\ntemporarily reserve a date by phone but you must confirm by mailing, \nFAXing, or emailing us a copy of the signed OPENING RESPONSE FORM within 1\nweek to hold that date. \n2\\. We will mail, email or FAX you a Confirmation approximately 2 weeks before\nyour scheduled Opening date to remind you of the exact date and \nof the important tasks you need to do before our crew arrives, such as leaving\nbaskets and plugs out for the crew. \n3\\. BASIC Opening consists of reinstalling/startup of pump, filter, automatic\ncleaner; testing of pool heater operation; brushing of perimeter tiles and \npool walls; reinstalling of ladders, grab rails, diving board; and testing of\npH, Total Alkalinity, Calcium Hardness, and Copper or Cyanuric Acid levels \nwhere appropriate. NO CHEMICALS are included in the cost of the BASIC Opening,\nbut can be added at additional cost. Owner\u2019s chemicals can \nbe used if requested and left out for the crew. Any pool showing signs of\nalgae should receive a 30 PPM dose of chlorine shock to kill algae and \nhelp in clearing the water. \n4\\. Cover Removal/Cover Cleaning can be performed at additional cost, but are\nnot included in BASIC Opening. Removal of any debris or water \nfrom covers is also an additional cost. \n5\\. Vacuuming can be performed at additional cost, but is not included in\nBASIC Opening. For pools that are opaque, vacuuming is performed \n\u201cblindly\u201d over the entire surface to remove as much debris as possible. As the\nwater is opaque, a portion of debris may be left behind that will only \nbecome visible once the water has cleared. This is not a deficiency in our\ncrew\u2019s initial vacuuming. A return visit to specifically vacuum this debris \ncan be made at Owner\u2019s request, or a full Revisit can be requested, at\nadditional cost. \n6\\. All pools must be filled to at least halfway up the tile line prior to our\narrival. If you have a mesh covered pool, make sure the pool is \nfilled to the TOP of the tiles if you know or believe vacuuming will be\nneeded. During our vacuuming, water is expelled from the pool by our \nexternal pump and the water will therefore lower close to the desired level\nfor normal operation. If you have a water drainage problem, please \nadvise us on the RESPONSE FORM. PoolTek accepts no liability for direct or\nconsequential damage from poor drainage conditions on your \nproperty or onto neighbors. Client is responsible for any permit needed for\ndraining. EXTRA charge for draining over 200 feet. Failure to fill pool \nadequately prior to our arrival may result in our inability to open the pool\nand additional cost for a return visit. \n7\\. If the pool is exceptionally dirty or covered in thick algae, it may\nrequire a Drain and Clean with acid or chlorine in order to efficiently clear\nthe pool. \nIf the crew deems it necessary to drain and clean the pool, an estimate will\nbe provided before proceeding with that work. If you believe your pool \nwill require a drain and clean, please let us know this when you schedule the\nopening, so an estimate can be provided beforehand. \n8\\. You do not have to be home when we Open the pool. Please be sure\nelectricity is ON at the pump system; electrical outlets at rear of house \nare ON; and water is available at outside hose bibs. If our Opening crew\narrives and cannot proceed with the Opening because of repairs or non- \navailability of electricity or water at the hose bibs, you may be charged for\nthe lost time due to travel, setup & teardown. Also please put out the \nmesh-cover storage bag and any chemicals you want us to use in a readily\naccessible & obvious location. This will save you from being charged \nfor time we spend searching for those items in shed, garage, house. \n9\\. We may be delayed in getting to your pool by foul weather or because the\npools we opened before yours took longer than expected (excess \nwater, dirt, leaves, vacuuming, etc.) DO NOT plan your day around us or take\noff a day from work. It is not feasible to specify a precise time for \nwhen we will arrive at your pool \u2026 schedules change hourly. POOLTEK accepts no\nliability nor provides credit for such delays.\n\n\n# R EVISITS\n\n\n \n\n1.\n\n\n \n\nSome pools may not rapidly turn crystal clear after our initial Opening\ntreatment, especially those with mesh covers or no covers. After \nPoolTek has completed the initial Opening, it may require up to a week or more\nof repeated shocking, vacuuming, backwashing the filter, dredging \nout debris, etc. before water & pool are clear. If you want PoolTek to return\nto perform those tasks, the labor and materials are EXTRA charges \nabove & beyond those charged on the day of Spring Opening. You can request\nthese revisits on the enclosed RESPONSE FORM. These Revisits \nwill automatically be performed and billed for all clients signed up for\nSummer Maintenance.\n\n\nS UMMER MAINTENANCE SPECIFICATIONS\n\n\n \n\n1\\. A pool is not considered ready for Summer Maintenance until such time as\nthe pool water is clear and the amount of debris in the pool would not \ntake longer than \u00bd hour to remove by standard vacuuming. If these conditions\ndo not exist, the work would be considered a Revisit and would be \nbilled on a time and materials basis. \n2\\. Service visits consist of emptying of skimmer and pump baskets; testing\nand balancing pH, Total Alkalinity, Calcium Hardness, and Chlorine or \nCopper as applicable; brushing perimeter tiles; netting, brushing and\nvacuuming as necessary; backwashing or cleaning filter as necessary; \nexamining equipment for any problems or developing issues. Standard balancing\nand sanitizing chemicals are included in the cost for all Once-a- \nweek or Twice-a-week maintenance contracts. All other contracts will be billed\nfor all chemicals separately and on an hourly labor basis. \n3\\. A Service Record Slip will be left at your front door after every visit\nunless a different location has been specified. If you are unable to locate\nthe \nslip, you can contact our office for a report of what work was performed.\nNotes regarding your pool condition may be left on the slip, so it is \nimportant that you read them. Failure to locate the slip does not mean that\nthe pool was not serviced, as windy conditions or other visitors to your \nfront door may disturb its location. \n4\\. Water level must be maintained by Owner in between our visits to ensure\nthat the pump equipment is operating properly. The normal operating \nlevel for most pools is halfway up the tile line, though every pool is\ndifferent. For liability reasons, Pooltek employees are instructed NOT to\nleave \nwater running after they leave, regardless of whether they have spoken with\nthe Owner or someone on-site. A note to fill the pool will be left on the \nService Record Slip if more water is needed. \n5\\. Any chemicals or labor required to treat an algae condition (such as pink\nor black algae), plaster scaling or etching, cloudy water or other conditions \nnot caused by, or outside of the control of (i.e. extreme storm conditions or\npower outages), Pooltek service will be billed as additional charges. \n6\\. Minor repairs/replacements up to approximately $350.00 will be made\nwithout providing an estimate to Owner to ensure that everything is \noperating to maximum efficiency and is not in an inoperable state for an\nextended period of time. Estimates will be provided by phone, email or \nmail for any larger scale repairs/replacements for Owner approval before\nproceeding. Any adverse conditions caused by the system being off or \nnot functioning at 100% efficiency for an extended period of time awaiting\napproval will be remedied at additional cost as outlined in Item 5 above. \n7\\. Please contact the office directly if any issues or conditions develop,\nsuch as necessity to change date or time of service, desire for new \nequipment, etc. Do NOT send messages to the office through the maintenance\ntechnicians.\n\n\n \n\nR EPAIR/NEW INSTALLATION VISIT SPECIFICATIONS\n\n\n \n\n1\\. Repair visits will be made at Owner\u2019s request at the next available date\nand time, per our schedule at the time the request was made. If all parts \nare on-hand and the repair can be made while on-site, the technician will\nproceed with the work and the owner will be billed on a time and materials \nbasis. Labor charges are made on a half hour basis, with a minimum \u00bd hour\ncharge for each visit. \n2\\. If parts need to be ordered, a return visit will be scheduled at our\nearliest available time once the parts are in-stock. For any repairs where the\ntotal \nestimated cost will exceed $500.00 and parts need to be ordered, an estimate\nwill be provided for approval before proceeding. For repairs \nestimated to be less than $500.00, Pooltek will proceed with the repair with\nthe initial call serving as our approval. For all repair visits, the initial\nvisit \nwill be at no cost if we did not have the parts at that time, and the work is\napproved and completed at a return visit. \n3\\. Estimate visits will be made at Owner\u2019s request at the next available date\nand time, per our schedule at the time the request was made. \nEstimates for repairs and new equipment are provided at no cost, but the\ninitial visit will be factored into the estimated final cost for all repairs.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1169268, "type": "text", "content": "SUMMARY OF MODEL RESULTS FOR 2010 MAINTENANCE YEAR\n\n\n \nPage 125\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1494050, "type": "text", "content": "2009-0626-3A\n\n\n \nAUDIT RESULTS\n\n\n# a. Occupancy of Vacant Units\n\n\n \n\nDHCD\u2019s Property Maintenance Guide indicates that housing authorities should\nreoccupy units \nwithin 21 working days of their being vacated by a tenant. Our prior audit\nfound that the \nAuthority\u2019s average turnaround time for reoccupying vacant units was 48 days.\nOur follow-up \nreview disclosed that the Authority\u2019s average turnaround time had increased to\n58 days. The \nAuthority indicated that it continues to work with DHCD to secure adequate\nfunding for \nsufficient maintenance staff to refurbish vacant units in a timely manner.\n\n\nRecommendation\n\n\n \n\nThe Authority should continue to appeal to DHCD for maintenance staff and\nmodernization \nwork plan funding. DHCD should obtain and provide the Authority with the funds\nnecessary \nto reduce its turnaround time for reoccupying vacant units so that it can\nensure that vacant units \nare refurbished and reoccupied within DHCD\u2019s timeframe.\n\n\nAuditee\u2019s Response\n\n\n# In its response, the Authority stated, in part:\n\n\nDuring the three year period reviewed by the audit, July 1 , 2005-September\n30, 2008, \nt he vacancy turnaround function was carried out by two departmens: Operations \nt \ncompleted the vacancy make-ready and the Leasing and Occupancy Department\nhandled \nt he screening and lease-up functions. In order to improve on the coordination\nof these \nf unctions to reduce vacancy loss, the tenant selection staff joined\nOperations in April \n2008\\. Although we have yet to reach DHCD\u2019s recommended 21 day turnaround\ntime, in \nt he last State fiscal year, July 2008-June 2009, the turnaround time for all\nstate \nvacancies . . . . averaged 37 days . . . . In addition, given the\ndeteriorating conditions \ni n many of the state units, bathrooms and kitchens are in severe need of\nrenovations, \nl ooring problems, window repairs, etc., the standard 10-14 day make ready\ntime is \nf \nunrealistic since we frequently need to make time-consuming and costly\nrepairs, e.g full \n. \ncabinet or countertop replacements, new flooring etc. to prepare the unit for\nrental. This \n, \ni s an example of the lack of capital investment impacting a routine\nmaintenance task.\n\n\nb. Availability of Land to Build Affordable Housing Units\n\n\n \n\nOur prior audit found that although the Authority owns approximately 10,000\nsquare feet of \nland located at its 667-2 elderly program development at 116 Norfolk Street\nupon which to build \naffordable housing units, it was unable to obtain the necessary zoning\napproval for construction \ndue to neighborhood concerns. Our follow-up review determined that, due to\ndifficulty resolving\n\n\n6\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3133745, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='67' style='font-size:14px'>4</header>\n<p id='68' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>J efferson\u2019s main pool has more than 40 years of paint layers covering the concrete. It is a general practice to sandblast<br>every 10-15 years to remove the old paint and repair seams and cracks. This has never been done to this pool. Staff<br>currently scrapes and repaints the pool on a yearly basis. Peeling and spauling of the new paint happens yearly due to the<br>many coats built up over 40 years. There are two methods to solve this problem. 1) Sand blast the entire concrete area in<br>the main pool to remove all old paint and patch and caulk all damaged areas and seams. The cost for this would be<br>$80,000.00. 2) Develop plans to install a pool liner and gutter upgrades. The cost for this is $150,000.00+. Overall,<br>Jefferson Pool is in fair shape. Many of the required repairs can be done in phases, with the other options being<br>refurbishing or rebuilding of the pool based on community needs.</p>\n<h1 id='69' style='font-size:18px'>C ONCLUSION</h1>\n<p id='70' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>W e will continue to annually update Village Management and the Village Board on the condition of both pools. Eventually<br>(and sooner rather than later) a concrete plan or course of action must be developed. The continual deterioration and the<br>age of both pools dictates this action.</p>\n<p id='71' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>D ue to past management directive along with budget constraints, the Parks and Recreation Department has continued to<br>put a band-aid on an ever increasing problem. Without a doubt to continue to do so will result in pool failure and<br>inevitably, closing of at least Lufkin Pool.</p>\n<h1 id='72' style='font-size:18px'>R ECOMMENDATIONS</h1>\n<p id='73' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>I t is our recommendation that a professional pool architectural and engineering firm be retained to evaluate each pool and<br>assist us in accurately planning for the future.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	If the author had to visit the shack twice each summer but it required a week each visit to maintain, how many weeks in total over ten summers would maintenance require?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 243, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["numerical reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 209499, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='15' style='font-size:22px'>ADELAIDE BLUE EAGLES</h1>\n<br><h1 id='16' style='font-size:20px'>Club Details</h1>\n<table id='17' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td>Postal Address</td><td>65 Lower Portrush Road MARDEN</td></tr><tr><td>Telephone</td><td>08 8363 9906</td></tr><tr><td>Email</td><td>secretary@azzurri.net.au</td></tr><tr><td>Website</td><td>www.azzurri.net.au</td></tr><tr><td>Facebook</td><td>www.facebook.com/AzzurriAdelaideBlueEagles</td></tr><tr><td>Twitter</td><td>@ABE_FC</td></tr></table>\n<br><figure><img id='18' style='font-size:18px' alt=\"Email\" data-coord=\"top-left:(834,153); bottom-right:(1186,513)\" /></figure>\n<br><table id='19' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>R ole</td><td>Name</td><td>Phone</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>President</td><td>Rep Giordano</td><td>0418 829 458</td><td>rep@giordanoac.com.au</td></tr><tr><td>Vice President</td><td>Tony Berlangieri</td><td>0403 369 906</td><td>bellstb@bigpond.com</td></tr><tr><td>Treasurer</td><td>Fab Porcaro</td><td>0413 885 272</td><td>fporcaro@porcaro.com.au</td></tr><tr><td>Secretary/Admin Officer/Media</td><td>Paul Giordano</td><td>0438 846 163</td><td>secretary@azzurri.net.au</td></tr></table>\n<h1 id='20' style='font-size:20px'>C oaching Staff</h1>\n<br><table id='21' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td>Role</td><td>Name</td><td>Phone</td><td>Email</td></tr><tr><td>Technical Director</td><td>Vojo Gluscevic</td><td>0452 615 405</td><td>evangelos@lambrinos.com.au</td></tr><tr><td>Head Coach</td><td>Vojo Gluscevic</td><td>0452 615 405</td><td>evangelos@lambrinos.com.au</td></tr><tr><td>Reserve Coach</td><td>Evangelos Lambrinos</td><td>0412 968 599</td><td>evangelos@lambrinos.com.au</td></tr><tr><td>Under 18 Coach</td><td>John McCormack</td><td>0404 214 324</td><td>jmacca1964@gmail.com</td></tr></table>\n<br><h1 id='22' style='font-size:20px'>Playing Strip</h1>\n<br><figure><img id='23' style='font-size:18px' alt=\"Home Away GK 1 GK 2 \u2013 pink\" data-coord=\"top-left:(73,1004); bottom-right:(985,1308)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='24' style='font-size:20px'>V enue Details</h1>\n<br><table id='25' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td>Venue Name</td><td>Marden Sports Complex</td></tr><tr><td>Address</td><td>65 Lower Portrush Road MARDEN</td></tr><tr><td>Lighting</td><td>350 Lux</td></tr></table>\n<footer id='26' style='font-size:14px'>6</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2185089, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='33' style='font-size:18px'>22</header>\n<br><h1 id='34' style='font-size:18px'>The Bill of Rights</h1>\n<br><p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct<br>ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall<br>make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of<br>all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of<br>votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and trans-<br>mit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States,<br>directed to the President of the Senate; -- the President of the<br>Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Repre-<br>sentatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be<br>counted; -- The person having the greatest number of votes for<br>President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority<br>of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person<br>have such majority, then from the persons having the highest<br>numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as<br>President, the House of Representatives shall choose immedi-<br>ately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the<br>votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state<br>having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a<br>member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a ma-<br>jority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. [And if the<br>House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever<br>the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth<br>day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall<br>act as President, as in case of the death or other constitutional<br>disability of the President. --]* The person having the greatest<br>number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President,<br>if such number be a majority of the whole number of Elec-<br>tors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from<br>the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose<br>the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of<br>two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of<br>the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no per-<br>son constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be<br>eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.<br>Superseded by section 3 of the 20th amendment.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2505995, "type": "text", "content": "NECK-006 EliteMail Insides 4/4/01 3:25 PM Page 5\n\n\nS E T Y O U R S E C U R I T Y C O D E\n\n\n \n\nDial 1 for YES if you wish to enter a Security Code to safeguard your mailbox \nfrom unauthorized access, otherwise dial 2. \nEnter a Security Code of 3 to 10 digits via your telephone dialpad. \nDial to complete code entry. \nRe-enter your security code, as prompted, for confirmation. \nDial * to complete code entry.\n\n\nO P E N I N G Y O U R M A I L B O X\n\n\n \n\nDial 1 to confirm your personalized settings and open your mailbox for use, \notherwise dial 2.\n\n\n \n\nNOTE: Your personalized settings can be changed at any time through Setup\nOptions.\n\n\n5\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2185054, "type": "text", "content": "22\n\n\n \n\n# The Bill of Rights\n\n\n \n\nin their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct \nballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall \nmake distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of \nall persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of \nvotes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and trans- \nmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, \ndirected to the President of the Senate; -- the President of the \nSenate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Repre- \nsentatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be \ncounted; -- The person having the greatest number of votes for \nPresident, shall be the President, if such number be a majority \nof the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person \nhave such majority, then from the persons having the highest \nnumbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as \nPresident, the House of Representatives shall choose immedi- \nately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the \nvotes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state \nhaving one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a \nmember or members from two-thirds of the states, and a ma- \njority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. [And if the \nHouse of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever \nthe right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth \nday of March next following, then the Vice-President shall \nact as President, as in case of the death or other constitutional \ndisability of the President. --]* The person having the greatest \nnumber of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, \nif such number be a majority of the whole number of Elec- \ntors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from \nthe two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose \nthe Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of \ntwo-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of \nthe whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no per- \nson constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be \neligible to that of Vice-President of the United States. \nSuperseded by section 3 of the 20th amendment.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 758357, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='0' style='font-size:22px'>Distinctive Ringing</h1>\n<br><h1 id='1' style='font-size:16px'>Announces important callers with a special ring.</h1>\n<h1 id='2' style='font-size:20px'>How to use:</h1>\n<br><p id='3' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>1. Pick up the handset and listen for the dial tone.<br>2. Press 61.<br>3. Listen for an announcement telling you whether the feature is currently on or off. The<br>recorded voice will then tell you how many (if any) numbers are currently stored on your VIP list.<br>4. Follow the voice instructions and dial 3 to turn the feature ON (if it is currently off), or turn<br>the feature OFF (if it is on).</p>\n<br><p id='4' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>5. Follow the voice instructions you\u2019ll hear to add or remove a number from your VIP list.</p>\n<h1 id='5' style='font-size:20px'>When someone calls:</h1>\n<br><p id='6' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>6. If the call is from someone on your VIP list, you\u2019ll hear a special ring.<br>All other calls will have a normal ring pattern.</p>\n<br><p id='7' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>7. If you have Call Waiting and get a call from a number on your list<br>while you\u2019re on another call, you\u2019ll hear a special Call Waiting<br>tone. All other calls are signaled by a normal tone.</p>\n<p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>N ote: The list you create here is separate from<br>any other lists you may be using for similar services.</p>\n<br><h1 id='9' style='font-size:18px'>For additional information<br>call: 1-855-888-7777</h1>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2206344, "type": "text", "content": "84\n\n\n(other than the hexagon) to receive induced labels that are three of a kind\nand \nthree of another.\n\n\nPuzzle 2: Label the ten vertices of the hexagonal half-cube with \ndigits 0, 1, 2, . . . , 9 (using each digit only once) in such a way that \nthe induced labels of the three triangles and the three pentagons \nare two distinct numbers with frequencies three each.\n\n\nAt the outset we must explicitly state that finding a solution via a complete \nsearch of all 10! = 3, 628, 800 permutations of digits 0 through 9 is\nexpressly \nprohibited. One must use mathematical reasoning to find a solution. For a \nsolution is nice; but the logic that leads to the solution is far more\nprecious!\n\n\n \n\nAs depicted in Figure 2, Puzzle 2 is a collection of three puzzles of which\nthe \nfirst one is Puzzle 1:\n\n\nP2.1 The three triangles receive label T , the three pentagons receive P .\nStart- \ning with a triangle and going clockwise the face labels are (T, P, T, P, T, P\n).\n\n\nP2.2 Two triangles and their intermediate pentagon, which is adjacent (sharing \na common boundary) to both, receive label K, the remaining three faces \nreceive label L. Again, going clockwise from a triangle the face labels are \n(K, K, K, L, L, L).\n\n\nP2.3 Two triangles and a pentagon adjacent to one of these triangles and non- \nadjacent to the other triangle receive label M , the remaining three faces \nreceive label N . Thus, going clockwise from a triangle the face labels are \n(M, N, M, M, N, N ).\n\n\nFigure 2: Induced face labels are three of a kind and three of another\nexhibiting \nthree possible patterns.\n\n\nFor younger students just beginning to explore mathematics, and for adults \npursuing other non-mathematical careers, a natural approach to solving Puzzle\n\n\nBlackboard, Issue 3\n\n\n \nTable of Contents\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 130744, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='18' style='font-size:18px'>(cid:2) (cid:4) (cid:5) (cid:6) (cid:7)(cid:5)(cid:3)(cid:8)(cid:9)(cid:10)(cid:6)(cid:1)(cid:10)(cid:11)(cid:3)(cid:12)(cid:3)(cid:1)<br>(cid:1) (cid:3) (cid:3)</h1>\n<br><h1 id='19' style='font-size:14px'>Example</h1>\n<h1 id='20' style='font-size:14px'>IOI\u201994 Day 1<br>Problem 3: The Primes</h1>\n<p id='21' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Given two integers A and B, output all 5x5 squares of single digits such that:<br>\u2022 Each row, each column and the two diagonals can be read as a five digit prime<br>number. The rows are read from left to right. The columns are read from top to<br>bottom. Both diagonals are read from left to right.<br>\u2022 The prime numbers must have a given digit sum \u201cA\u201d.<br>\u2022 The digit in the top left-hand corner of the square is \u201cB\u201d.<br>\u2022 A prime number may be used more than once in the same square.<br>\u2022 If there are several solutions, all must be presented.<br>\u2022 A five digit prime number cannot begin with zeros, ie 00003 is NOT a five digit prime<br>number.</p>\n<br><table id='22' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>Input:</td><td>11351</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>14033</td></tr><tr><td>A = 11</td><td>30323</td></tr><tr><td>B = 1</td><td>53201</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>13313</td></tr></table>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2524091, "type": "html", "content": "<br><p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>V ce President</p>\n<br><p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022BILL WITTNER WITTNER 2</p>\n<br><p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Inside Story</p>\n<br><p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022Vice President 903-675-3221 3</p>\n<br><p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>BILL WITTNER WITTNER</p>\n<br><p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>BILL</p>\n<br><p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>BILL</p>\n<br><p id='31' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Inside Story</p>\n<br><p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>President</p>\n<br><p id='33' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>President</p>\n<br><p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Story 4</p>\n<br><p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Inside</p>\n<br><p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>JOE</p>\n<br><p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>JOE</p>\n<br><p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>JOE CRE</p>\n<br><p id='39' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022JOE CRE ECY 5</p>\n<br><p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>CREECY</p>\n<br><p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Inside Story ECY</p>\n<br><p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>CRE</p>\n<br><p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>ECY</p>\n<p id='44' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>BOARD of DIRECTORS</p>\n<br><p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>WALT HELLEBRAND HELLEBRAND<br>WALT<br>WALT HELLEBRAND HELLEBRAND<br>WALT</p>\n<br><p id='46' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>\u2022972-932-2154</p>\n<br><p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022Secretary Treasurer Treasurer</p>\n<p id='48' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022</p>\n<br><p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Inside Story</p>\n<br><p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>6</p>\n<br><p id='51' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Secretary</p>\n<br><p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Secretary////Treasurer</p>\n<br><p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Secretary Treasurer</p>\n<p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>SUE</p>\n<br><p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>SUE</p>\n<br><p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>903 451----2852 2852<br>903----451 2852<br>903 451 2852<br>451<br>903</p>\n<p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>451</p>\n<br><p id='58' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>SUE CAPPS CAPPS CAPPS</p>\n<br><p id='59' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>SUE CAPPS</p>\n<br><p id='60' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>903</p>\n<p id='61' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>903</p>\n<br><p id='62' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>SHIRLEY DYESS DYESS<br>SHIRLEY<br>SHIRLEY DYESS DYESS<br>SHIRLEY</p>\n<br><p id='63' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>903 451----9651 9651</p>\n<br><p id='64' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>903----451 9651</p>\n<p id='65' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>432</p>\n<br><p id='66' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>903 451 9651</p>\n<p id='67' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>903----432 4551 4551</p>\n<br><p id='68' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>903 432----4551</p>\n<br><p id='69' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>903 432 4551</p>\n<br><p id='70' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014</p>\n<br><p id='71' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014</p>\n<p id='72' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Bill@WRLee.com Bill@WRLee.com Bill@WRLee.com<br>Bill@WRLee.com</p>\n<br><p id='73' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>WEBMASTER WEBMASTER WEBMASTER<br>WEBMASTER</p>\n<br><p id='74' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>joecreecy@gmail.com joecreecy@gmail.com<br>joecreecy@gmail.com joecreecy@gmail.com</p>\n<br><p id='75' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>NEWSLETTER EDITOR TOR<br>NEWSLETTER<br>EDI TOR<br>NEWSLETTER EDI TOR<br>EDI<br>NEWSLETTER</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 758356, "type": "text", "content": "# Distinctive Ringing\n\n\n \n\n# Announces important callers with a special ring.\n\n\n# How to use:\n\n\n \n\n1\\. Pick up the handset and listen for the dial tone. \n2\\. Press *61. \n3\\. Listen for an announcement telling you whether the feature is currently on\nor off. The \nrecorded voice will then tell you how many (if any) numbers are currently\nstored on your VIP list. \n4\\. Follow the voice instructions and dial 3 to turn the feature ON (if it is\ncurrently off), or turn \nthe feature OFF (if it is on).\n\n\n \n\n5\\. Follow the voice instructions you\u2019ll hear to add or remove a number from\nyour VIP list.\n\n\n# When someone calls:\n\n\n \n\n6\\. If the call is from someone on your VIP list, you\u2019ll hear a special ring. \nAll other calls will have a normal ring pattern.\n\n\n \n\n7\\. If you have Call Waiting and get a call from a number on your list \nwhile you\u2019re on another call, you\u2019ll hear a special Call Waiting \ntone. All other calls are signaled by a normal tone.\n\n\nN ote: The list you create here is separate from \nany other lists you may be using for similar services.\n\n\n \n\n# For additional information \ncall: 1-855-888-7777\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2314987, "type": "html", "content": "<br><p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022Vice President 903-432-4551</p>\n<br><p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>ce</p>\n<br><p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>ce</p>\n<br><p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>i ce President</p>\n<p id='39' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Inside Story 6</p>\n<br><p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>i</p>\n<br><p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>President</p>\n<br><p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>i</p>\n<br><p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>President</p>\n<p id='44' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Secretary////Treasurer</p>\n<br><p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Secretary Treasurer</p>\n<p id='46' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022</p>\n<br><p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Secretary</p>\n<br><p id='48' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022JOE CREECY CREECY<br>CREECY<br>JOE<br>JOE<br>JOE<br>CREECY</p>\n<p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022972-932-2154</p>\n<br><p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022Secretary Treasurer Treasurer</p>\n<p id='51' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>BOARD of DIRECTORS<br>CHARLES SEABOURNE SEABOURNE<br>CHARLES<br>CHARLES SEABOURNE SEABOURNE<br>CHARLES<br>903----425 3871 3871<br>903 425----3871<br>903 425 3871<br>425<br>903</p>\n<p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>SUE</p>\n<br><p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>SUE</p>\n<br><p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>SUE CAPPS CAPPS CAPPS</p>\n<br><p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>451</p>\n<br><p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>903</p>\n<br><p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>SUE CAPPS</p>\n<br><p id='58' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>903 451 9651</p>\n<br><p id='59' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>903 451----9651</p>\n<br><p id='60' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>903----451 9651 9651</p>\n<br><p id='61' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>SHIRLEY DYESS DYESS</p>\n<br><p id='62' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>SHIRLEY DYESS DYESS</p>\n<br><p id='63' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>SHIRLEY</p>\n<br><p id='64' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>903</p>\n<br><p id='65' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>SHIRLEY</p>\n<br><p id='66' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>903 432----4551 4551</p>\n<br><p id='67' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>903----432 4551</p>\n<br><p id='68' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>903 432</p>\n<br><p id='69' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014</p>\n<br><p id='70' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>432 4551</p>\n<p id='71' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>NEWSLETTER EDITOR EDITOR<br>NEWSLETTER<br>NEWSLETTER EDITOR EDITOR<br>NEWSLETTER</p>\n<br><p id='72' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014</p>\n<p id='73' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>JOE</p>\n<br><p id='74' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>JOE CREECY CREECY</p>\n<br><p id='75' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>JOE</p>\n<br><p id='76' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>JOE CREECY CREECY</p>\n<br><p id='77' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Joelcreecy@nuwavenet. Joelcreecy@nuwavenet.</p>\n<br><p id='78' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Joelcreecy@nuwavenet. Joelcreecy@nuwavenet.</p>\n<br><p id='79' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>com com com</p>\n<br><p id='80' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>com</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	If you dial the first three digits of the President's, Vice President's, and Treasurer's phone numbers, how many unique sets of digits do you have?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 245, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["numerical reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 3639629, "type": "text", "content": "# Revenue Projections:\n\n\n \n\nWith input from the County\u2019s Financial Advisory Board, staff developed revenue\nassumptions \nwhich take a conservative approach, despite the good economic progress made in\nthe last eight \nyears. We continue to work diligently to accurately forecast revenues in our\nfive-year plan. \nFollowing are some key revenue assumptions used to develop this proposed\nbudget:\n\n\nW ith these assumptions, operating revenues in the General Fund are projected\nto increase by \n3.5% from 2017 to 2018. Comparisons of the 2017 and 2018 General Fund five\nyear operating \nand capital plans are not an apples to apples comparison. Some functions\npreviously included \nin the General Fund are being shifted out of the General Fund into their own\nfunds. For \nexample, Environmental Health will move from the General Fund to the Public\nHealth fund. \nLikewise, the Road and Bridge fund will be managed as its own fund and not\npart of the General \nFund. With these changes, revenues and expenditures associated with these\nfunctions will be \nmoved out of the General Fund and into their own funds. This is a structural\nchange to better \ncomply with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and to segregate these\nfunds for better \nfiscal oversight and management.\n\n\n# H ighlights for key revenue assumptions follow:\n\n\n\u2022 Community Development Fees: In the first quarter of 2017 the Board approved\nan \nincrease in Building Permit fees to 2.7% of project cost. The fee change,\ntogether with \nan increase in volume, result in an 11% increase over 2017 budget. In 2018\nCommunity \nDevelopment revenues are projected to decrease by 3.25% from 2017 projections.\nThis \nassumes a slightly slower pace of growth. For 2019 through 2022 Community \nDevelopment revenues are projected to increase by 5% as recommended by the \nFinancial Advisory Board. The 5% projection assumes a slight softening in\nconstruction \nactivity and construction inflation experienced since the end of the Great\nRecession.\n\n\n9\n\n\n28\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 66914, "type": "text", "content": " \n\nLevels: 1 = Advanced, 2 = Proficient, 3 = Nearing Proficiency, 4 = Beginning\nStep \n<> Fewer than 10 students\n\n\nBudgeted Expenditures\n\n\n \n\nIncludes state general fund operational monies only for 2008-2009\n\n\n \n\nSource: Projected expenditures reported to NMPED School Budget Office.\n\n\n \n\nSchool Board Participation\n\n\n \n\nIn order to meet the law, Board members must \nhave accumulated five points during the year by \nattending specific training.\n\n\nCAPITAN MUNICIPAL SCHOOLS Page 7\n\n\n \nSchool District Report Card 2008-2009\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 905975, "type": "html", "content": "<table id='92' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">Item</td><td rowspan=\"2\">Previous\u00a0Year Expenses</td><td colspan=\"5\">Forecasting\u00a0Period</td><td rowspan=\"2\">Totals</td></tr><tr><td>FY\u00a015\u201016</td><td>FY\u00a016\u201017</td><td>FY\u00a017\u201018</td><td>FY\u00a018\u201019</td><td>FY\u00a019\u201020</td></tr><tr><td>Project\u00a0and\u00a0acquisition\u00a0expenditures\u00a0by\u00a0function:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>General\u00a0Fund</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 75,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2,105,500</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4,020,500</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 6,624,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1,033,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1,831,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 15,689,000</td></tr><tr><td>Water\u00a0and\u00a0Sewer\u00a0Fund</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 37,500</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2,302,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2,537,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4,242,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2,719,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 11,837,500</td></tr><tr><td>Storm\u00a0Water\u00a0Fund</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 102,955</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 700,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 175,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 230,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td><td></td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1,207,955</td></tr><tr><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Total\u00a0project\u00a0expenditures</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 215,455</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 5,107,500</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 6,732,500</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 11,096,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3,752,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1,831,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 28,734,455</td></tr><tr><td>Financing\u00a0Sources:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Operating\u00a0revenues</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 177,955</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1,797,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2,369,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 827,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 262,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 59,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 5,491,955</td></tr><tr><td>Fund\u00a0balance</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0</td><td>\u2010 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td></tr><tr><td>Installment\u00a0financing</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2,428,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3,535,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 8,980,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2,640,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1,522,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 19,105,000</td></tr><tr><td>Grants</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 532,500</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 578,500</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 964,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2,075,000</td></tr><tr><td>Powell\u00a0Bill</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 37,500</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 350,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 250,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 250,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 250,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 250,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1,387,500</td></tr><tr><td>Unfunded</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 75,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 600,000</td><td></td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 675,000</td></tr><tr><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Total\u00a0financing\u00a0sources</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 215,455</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 5,107,500</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 6,732,500</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 11,096,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3,752,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1,831,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 28,734,455</td></tr><tr><td>Impact\u00a0on\u00a0operating\u00a0budget:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Installment\u00a0financing\u00a0payments</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 148,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 438,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1,112,750</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1,620,500</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1,796,500</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 5,115,750</td></tr><tr><td>Increased\u00a0operating\u00a0costs</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 177,955</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1,807,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2,359,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1,022,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 262,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 59,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 5,686,955</td></tr><tr><td>Decreased\u00a0operating\u00a0costs</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td></tr><tr><td>Increased/decreased\u00a0revenues</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2010</td></tr><tr><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Total\u00a0Operating\u00a0Impact</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 177,955</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1,955,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2,797,000</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2,134,750</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1,882,500</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1,855,500</td><td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 10,802,705</td></tr></table>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1318556, "type": "text", "content": "# Operating Expenses\n\n\nStatement of Appropriation for the FY Ended 2019-2020\n\n\n# Trend Analysis of Operating Expenses vs Budget Appropriation\n\n\n\u2022 Over the years, expenditure for OAG has generally been on an increasing\ntrend. This is in line with \nthe trend in the budget allocation granted over the period. \n\u2022 Budget appropriation reduced for the current financial year due to the\nimpact of COVID-19. \n\u2022 Operating expenses have taken a dip in the current financial year in line\nwith the lower budget \nappropriation as expenses are managed in accordance with the allocated budget\nfor the year.\n\n\nOffice of the Auditor General \| Annual Report 2019 \u2013 2020\n\n\n \n37\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 66912, "type": "text", "content": "CAPITAN MUNICIPAL SCHOOLS Page 5\n\n\n \nSchool District Report Card 2008-2009\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3210156, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='0' style='font-size:18px'>\uf0a7 F I S C A L O U T L O O K \uf0a7</header>\n<p id='1' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>\u2026while expenses stay elevated across the forecast owing to increased spending<br>from Government decisions\u2026</p>\n<br><p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Core Crown expenses in the near<br>term continue to reflect increased<br>spending from the COVID-19<br>pandemic. New Government spending<br>decisions also see the expected<br>nominal core Crown expenses remain<br>at elevated levels, reaching<br>$121.1 billion by 2024/25 (Figure 2.3).</p>\n<p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>While core Crown expenses are<br>forecast to increase nominally each<br>year, as a percentage of GDP they<br>decline gradually across the forecast,<br>reaching 29.2% of GDP by 2024/25.</p>\n<br><p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Figure 2.3 \u2013 Core Crown expenses</p>\n<figure data-category='chart'><img id='5' style='font-size:16px' alt=\"$billions % of GDP\n140 70\nForecast\n120 60\n100 50\n80 40\n60 30\n40 20\n20 10\n0 0\n2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025\nYear ending 30 June\" data-coord=\"top-left:(592,255); bottom-right:(1077,565)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Core Crown expenses % of nominal GDP (RHS)</p>\n<br><p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Source: The Treasury</p>\n<p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>The Government\u2019s fiscal support measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic<br>continue to keep expenses elevated in the near term. Funding for the Managed Isolation<br>and Quarantine (MIQ) facilities ($1.6 billion), vaccine purchasing ($1.5 billion) and<br>targeted support for the aviation and transport industries ($1.2 billion) is expected in the<br>current year and next year of the forecast before ceasing by the end of the forecast. The<br>Housing Acceleration Fund announcement also adds an additional $2.1 billion of<br>operating expenditure across the forecast period, which has been funded from the CRRF.</p>\n<p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>\u2026with allowances for new spending in future Budgets contributing to growth in<br>expenditure\u2026</p>\n<p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>forecast to increase expenses by $8.1 billion by 2024/25 (Figure 2.4).</p>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>The Government has announced an<br>operating allowance of $2.7 billion for<br>Budget 2022. Decisions averaging<br>$0.7 billion per year have already<br>been pre-committed against the<br>Budget 2022 operating allowances.<br>When combined with non-<br>discretionary spending (given current<br>policy settings), this leaves on<br>average $1.8 billion of operating<br>funding to be allocated at Budget<br>2022. Operating allowances for<br>Budget 2023 and Budget 2024 are<br>also $2.7 billion. Overall, new<br>spending from future Budgets is</p>\n<br><p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Figure 2.4 \u2013 Budget operating allowances</p>\n<figure data-category='chart'><img id='13' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"$billions\n9\n8\n7\n2.7\n6\n5\n4 2.7 2.7\n3\n2\n2.7 2.7 2.7\n1\n0\n2023 2024 2025\nYear ending 30 June\nBudget 2022 Budget 2023 Budget 2024\" data-coord=\"top-left:(590,1001); bottom-right:(1075,1320)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Source: The Treasury</p>\n<p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>For forecasting purposes, Budget allowances are assumed to be all operating<br>expenditure. However, these allowances can be used for a combination of revenue and<br>expenditure initiatives when allocated. The fiscal forecasts also assume that any<br>additional costs in relation to Government commitments and future cost pressures will be<br>met from operating allowances, such as those outlined in the Risks to the Fiscal Forecasts<br>(page 43).</p>\n<footer id='16' style='font-size:20px'>B.3 \| 27</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 66913, "type": "text", "content": "CAPITAN MUNICIPAL SCHOOLS Page 6\n\n\n \nSchool District Report Card 2008-2009\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 634596, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Government grants (transfers) increase with R11,9-million from R63,2-million<br>to R75,1-million and constitute 9,6% of operating revenue. The Equitable<br>Share which is mainly used to provide relief to indigent households increases<br>from R54,3-million to R70,4-million, which is an increase of 29,6%.</p>\n<p id='58' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>T he infrastructure transfers (MIG and INEP) increases from R30,6-million to<br>R35,7-million and reflects an increase of 16,6%.</p>\n<p id='59' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>T ransfers to build capacity in local government has slightly increased to R1,7-<br>million and steadily increases to R2,3-million in the 2012/2013 financial year.</p>\n<p id='60' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>G overnment is also stepping up programmes to monitor municipal<br>performance against grants. The DORA clearly states that any conditional<br>allocation not spent at the end of a financial year reverts back to the national<br>revenue fund unless proof to the satisfaction of National Treasury that<br>unspent allocations is committed to identifiable projects. Any unspent<br>conditional grants for the 2009/2010 financial years must be returned to<br>National Treasury by 15 October 2010. At this stage it is envisaged that all<br>conditional grants will be spend by 30 June 2010.</p>\n<p id='61' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>T he operating budget provides for total operating expenditure for the<br>2010/2011 financial year of R821,7-million, in the 2011/2012 financial for<br>R877-million and R982,5-million for the 2012/2013 financial year which<br>represents an overall increase of 23,9% against the 2009/2010 adjusted<br>budget.</p>\n<p id='62' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>E mployee related costs increase with 18,2% from R188,1-million to R222,3-<br>million and constitutes 31,3% of operating revenue. Bulk purchases increase<br>with 32% from the adjusted budget of R148,2-million to R195,7-million and<br>constitute 23,8% of total operating expenditure.</p>\n<p id='63' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>G eneral expenditure increases with R37,4-million but includes a once-off<br>Eskom connection fee to the amount of R34,5-million. Should this be taken<br>into consideration the increase is only 2,8%.</p>\n<p id='64' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>O ver the next three (3) years, expenditure increases with R319,5-million in<br>relation to the 2009/2010 adjusted budget. The key operating expenditure<br>allocations in the proposed budget for 2010/2011 financial year include:</p>\n<p id='65' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>R 295,2-million for electricity services<br>R145,6-million for governance and administration<br>R135,1-million for community and public safety<br>R 93,4-million for roads and storm water<br>R 92,6-million for waste and waste water management<br>R 50,8-million for water services</p>\n<p id='66' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>T he operating expenditure allocations by vote are graphically presented in:</p>\n<p id='67' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>(cid:131) Chart 4 Operating expenditure by main vote<br>(cid:131) Chart 5 Other operating expenditure</p>\n<footer id='68' style='font-size:14px'>Page 53 of 351</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3462590, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='91' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>transitioning to a new mapping system, Training and Education increased $14,670 as the District<br>increased 4H training funding, and Weather Modification increased $17,303 due to increased weather<br>modification services.</p>\n<h1 id='92' style='font-size:18px'>General Fund Budgetary Highlights</h1>\n<p id='93' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Over the course of the fiscal year, the District did not revise its budget. Actual expenditures were<br>$277,805 below the final budget amount of $499,992. Five of the individual variances were significant.<br>Capital outlay ($50,000) Mapping and Engineering ($44,289), Professional Services ($29,800), Travel<br>and Fuel ($27,972) and Weather Modification ($2t,290)were allconservativety budgeted.</p>\n<p id='94' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Resources available were just $5,922 below the final budgeted amount. None of the individual variances<br>in the different types of revenues were significant.</p>\n<br><h1 id='95' style='font-size:18px'>CAPITAL ASSETS</h1>\n<p id='96' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>At September 30,2020, the District had invested in a broad range of capital assets totaling $3,559, net of<br>accumulated depreciation, including buildings, and furniture and equipment. See Table 5 below.</p>\n<p id='97' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Table 5 - Capital Assetg Net</p>\n<table id='98' style='font-size:20px'><tr><td></td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td><td>Change</td><td>% Change</td></tr><tr><td>Building improrements</td><td>$ 209</td><td>$ 278</td><td>$ (6e)</td><td>-25%</td></tr><tr><td>Furniture and equipment</td><td>3,350</td><td>122</td><td>3,228</td><td>26460/o</td></tr><tr><td>Totals</td><td>$ 3,5se</td><td>$ 400</td><td>$ 3,1s9</td><td>79Oo/o</td></tr></table>\n<p id='99' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Capital assets, net of accumulated depreciation, increased $3,159 or 790o/o from the previous year.<br>Additional information about the District's capital assets is presented in the notes to the financial<br>statements.</p>\n<p id='100' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>ECONOMIC FACTORS AND NEXT YEAR'S BUDGETS AND RATES</p>\n<p id='101' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The following indicators were taken into account when adopting the 2020-2l General Fund budget.</p>\n<p id='102' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>a Revenues in the General Fund's 2020-21budget are $499,613, an increase of $5,543 or 1% from<br>the actual 2019-20 revenues of $494,070.</p>\n<p id='103' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>a Appraised value used for the 2020-21 budget preparation is $1,863,511,023, up $47,538,048 or<br>3% from the prior year valuation of $1,815,972,975. The property tax rate is $.02600 per $100<br>valuation, a decrease of $.00016 per $100 valuation from the prior year rate of $.02616 per $100<br>valuation.</p>\n<p id='104' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>a Expenditures in most budget categories are similar to the previous fiscal year, with the total 2020-<br>21 expenditure budget of $499,613, an increase ol $277,426 or 12\|o/o from the actual 2O1g-20<br>expenditures of $222,187 .</p>\n<p id='105' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>lf these estimates are realized, the District's General Fund's fund balance will not significantly change by<br>September 30,2021.</p>\n<footer id='106' style='font-size:14px'>7</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1364942, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='12' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u00a7 Contributions increased due to increased donations received from citizens for the Town Hall<br>Square project.<br>\u00a7 Special assessment revenue increased due to new assessments for undergrounding and<br>streetscape projects.<br>\u00a7 Miscellaneous revenue decreased due to the one time sale of property in FY14.</p>\n<figure><img id='13' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(280,291); bottom-right:(978,697)\" /></figure>\n<p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>T he following schedule presents a summary of all governmental funds expenditures for the fiscal year<br>ended September 30, 2015, and the percentage of increases and decreases in relation to prior year amounts:</p>\n<table id='15' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td></td><td>Amount</td><td>Percent of Total</td><td>Increase (Decrease) from 2014</td><td>Percent Increase (Decrease)</td></tr><tr><td>Expenditures</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Current:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>General government</td><td>$ 10,349,294</td><td>10.2%</td><td>$ 866,560</td><td>9.1%</td></tr><tr><td>Public safety</td><td>26,328,383</td><td>26.1%</td><td>525,141</td><td>2.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Physical environment</td><td>16,836,864</td><td>16.7%</td><td>3,988,812</td><td>31.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Transportation</td><td>1,084,764</td><td>1.1%</td><td>(198,087)</td><td>-15.4%</td></tr><tr><td>Economic Environment</td><td>232,490</td><td>0.2%</td><td>35,602</td><td>18.1%</td></tr><tr><td>Culture and recreation</td><td>1,931,194</td><td>1.9%</td><td>60,593</td><td>3.2%</td></tr><tr><td>Non-departmental</td><td>1,925,555</td><td>1.9%</td><td>45,304</td><td>2.4%</td></tr><tr><td>Capital Outlay</td><td>34,409,565</td><td>34.0%</td><td>22,836,032</td><td>197.3%</td></tr><tr><td>Debt Service:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Principal</td><td>2,260,000</td><td>2.2%</td><td>940,000</td><td>71.2%</td></tr><tr><td>Interest</td><td>5,727,107</td><td>5.7%</td><td>1,203,080</td><td>26.6%</td></tr><tr><td>Debt issue costs</td><td>0</td><td>0.0%</td><td>(330,638)</td><td>100.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Total Expenditures</td><td>$ 101,085,216</td><td>100.0%</td><td>$ 29,972,399</td><td>42.1%</td></tr></table>\n<p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>T he reasons for the major increases and decreases in expenditures are as follows:</p>\n<p id='17' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u00a7 General government expenditures decreased due to an increase in the transfer to the OPEB trust,<br>increase in compensated absence payouts due to a high level of retirements, higher legal fees, and<br>contractual plan review and inspection services.<br>\u00a7 Public safety expenditures increased due to increases in personnel and retirement costs.<br>\u00a7 Physical environment costs increased due mostly to an increase in the transfer to the coastal<br>projection fund.<br>\u00a7 Transportation expenditures decreased due to decreases in personnel costs.</p>\n<br><footer id='18' style='font-size:14px'>11</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	If expenditures for the operational year 2008-2009 were increased by 10% the following year, how would this impact the budgeted allocation?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 247, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["numerical reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 3134847, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='17' style='font-size:14px'>43</header>\n<p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>required functionality in an aesthetically pleasing way, such as would be acceptable for use in<br>the home.</p>\n<h1 id='19' style='font-size:14px'>3.3.2 Software Implementation</h1>\n<p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The software for the system was implemented in C# using .NET, and makes use of the Shared<br>Phidgets toolkit [Marquardt and Greenberg, 2007] to connect to the hardware Phidget devices.<br>The software is functionally simple, providing an interface similar to conventional slideshow<br>software (shown in Figure 3.2b). We chose the slideshow format as it is typically seen as<br>standard in current digital photo sharing software. Other displays that could provide a more<br>\ufb02exible \ufb02ow for browsing activity may be worth considering. However, our focus concerns the<br>social practices around initiating photo sharing in the home, rather than browsing. Folders of<br>photos or individual \ufb01les can be added to the slideshow by dragging and dropping them in the<br>slideshow window (as in Figure 3.1b). The photos in the set can then be scrolled through using<br>either the circular touch device or the on screen forward/backward arrow buttons, or played<br>in an automatic slideshow by double-tapping the circular touch device or using the on screen<br>play/pause button. The system differs from conventional slideshow software; when an object<br>with an RFID tag that has not already been linked by the system is detected by the sensor base,<br>a dialog is shown allowing the set of photos in the slideshow window to be named, saved and<br>linked to the RFID tag.</p>\n<br><p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>When a folder of photos is dropped in the slideshow window, the system looks for image<br>\ufb01les within the folder, and adds the \ufb01le path for each image to the slideshow play list. Similarly,<br>if an individual image \ufb01le is dropped, the system appends the \ufb01le path to the play list. The set<br>is saved by the system when it is associated with an RFID tag and given a name. The library<br>of sets stored by the system is maintained in an XML \ufb01le. A simple example showing how a<br>set is represented in the \ufb01le is shown in Figure 3.3. The set has two properties, the name and<br>associated RFID tag identi\ufb01er. A list of all the photo \ufb01les is contained in the set, recorded by<br>their location in the \ufb01lesystem. Internally, the system does not move or modify the original</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 103238, "type": "text", "content": "# Read PDF Web Application Design Doent \nExample\n\n\n \n\n# America..\n\n\n# Copyright code : b910d0e181fe13b3c7034a5797d01f69\n\n\n# Copyright : ftp.academicroom.com\n\n\n \nPage 9/9\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3380405, "type": "html", "content": "<br><h1 id='52' style='font-size:20px'>Print-self</h1>\n<figure><img id='53' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(45,668); bottom-right:(386,952)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='54' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(409,666); bottom-right:(758,939)\" /></figure>\n<h1 id='55' style='font-size:18px'>Photoalbums</h1>\n<br><p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>A Photo-Album kit gives you the<br>possibility to print and bind selected photo-<br>graphs. Everybody enjoys their own album<br>with a professional look of unique snaps.</p>\n<p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The photoalbum kit helps to create a booklet<br>of 25 photos or presentation sheets. We<br>produce the sheets of matte or glossy inkjet<br>photopaper.<br>The sheets of photopaper are perforated so<br>that you could bind them together using the<br>rings and the cover that is also in the kit. You<br>can choose either 10 x 15 cm or A4 kit.</p>\n<p id='58' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>A4 format</p>\n<p id='59' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>R0212.AL02 - Professional glossy 260gsm<br>R0232.AL02 - Plus Matte 200gsm<br>R0262.AL02 - FineArt 100%cotton 190gsm</p>\n<p id='60' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>10x15 format</p>\n<p id='61' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>R0212.AL01 \u2013 Professional Glossy 260gsm<br>R0213.AL01 - Professional Glossy 255gsm<br>R0223.AL01 - Professional Satin 255gsm<br>R0232.AL01 \u2013 Plus Matte 200gsm</p>\n<br><p id='62' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Calendars</p>\n<br><p id='63' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Printing a calendar of your photographs is a<br>piece of your creativity, this will make a plea-<br>surable atmosphere for your home or office.<br>An individual calendar, full of holiday memo-<br>ries and unforgettable moments can be an<br>original gift for everybody to enjoy.</p>\n<p id='64' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The calendar kit consists of 13 perforated<br>sheets of photopaper, a plastic hook and a<br>binding element. There are 2 photocalendar<br>types \u2013 a flippable one with a binding spiral<br>and the calendar with rings enabling easy<br>sheet removal. We produce both A4 and<br>A3 formats, which can be matte or glossy<br>finished.</p>\n<p id='65' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>PHOTO CALENDARS with BINDING SPIRAL</p>\n<br><p id='66' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>INKJET A4 - portrait</p>\n<br><p id='67' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>R0213.CA03G \u2013 Professional Glossy 255gsm<br>R0223.CA03G \u2013 Professional Satin 255gsm<br>R0215.CA03G \u2013 Plus Glossy 210gsm<br>R0222.CA03G \u2013 Plus Semiglossy 190gsm<br>R0230.CA03G \u2013 Plus Matte 170gsm</p>\n<br><p id='68' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>INKJET A4 - landscape<br>R0230.CA05G \u2013 Plus Matte 170gsm</p>\n<figure><img id='69' style='font-size:16px' alt=\"Download\nFree software\nhttp://free.zoner.com\" data-coord=\"top-left:(518,1567); bottom-right:(707,1695)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='70' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>PHOTO CALENDARS with BINDING SPIRAL</p>\n<p id='71' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>INKJET A3 - portrait</p>\n<br><p id='72' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>R0215.CA03GA3 \u2013 Plus Glossy 210gsm<br>R0230.CA03GA3 \u2013 Plus Matte 170gsm</p>\n<br><p id='73' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>LASER A4 - portrait</p>\n<br><p id='74' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>R0280.CA03G \u2013 Matte 140gsm<br>R0291.CA03G \u2013 Glossy 200gsm</p>\n<br><p id='75' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>LASER A4 - landscape<br>R0291.CA05G - Glossy 200gsm</p>\n<br><p id='76' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>LASER A3 - portrait<br>R0280.CA03GA3 \u2013 Matte 140gsm<br>R0291.CA03GA3 \u2013 Glossy 200gsm</p>\n<p id='77' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>PHOTO CALENDARS with BINDING RINGS</p>\n<p id='78' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>INKJET A4 - portrait</p>\n<br><p id='79' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>R0212.CA07G \u2013 Professional Glossy 260gsm<br>R0213.CA07G \u2013 Professional Glossy 255gsm<br>R0223.CA07G \u2013 Professional Satin 255gsm<br>R0230.CA07G \u2013 Plus Matte 170gsm<br>R0262.CA07G \u2013 FineArt Matte 190gsm</p>\n<p id='80' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>INKJET A4 - landscape</p>\n<br><p id='81' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>R0213.CA08G \u2013 Professional Glossy 255gsm<br>R0230.CA08G \u2013 Plus Matte 170gsm<br>R0262.CA08G \u2013 FineArt Matte 190gsm</p>\n<p id='82' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>LASER A4 - portrait<br>R0291.CA07G \u2013 Glossy 200gsm</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 103236, "type": "text", "content": "# Read PDF Web Application Design Doent \nExample\n\n\n \n\nWeb Page, and other formats. And, you can also print the created \nrestaurant menu directly on the paper. 2] Search for a menu ...\n\n\n# How to create a Restaurant Menu in Microsoft Word\n\n\n \n\nAdvance Market Analytics published a new research publication on \n\"Web to Print Software Market Insights, to 2026? with 232 pages \nand enriched with self-explained Tables and charts in presentable ...\n\n\nWeb to Print Software Market to See Thriving Worldwide \| \nPageFlex, Vpress, EonCode \nTransformers, a major innovation in AI and machine learning, have \npractical real-world applications -- and implications.\n\n\nWhy Transformers offer more than meets the eye \nPage 7/9\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2311193, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='83' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>frameworks with different key features in order to be able to compare them.<br>Furthermore, the frameworks are also available for free. There are several proprietary<br>frameworks but they could not be tried out thoroughly and were therefore excluded<br>from the selection.</p>\n<p id='84' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>3.4.1 JQuery Mobile</p>\n<p id='85' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>JQuery Mobile [21] is a web app framework which was developed by the<br>developers of the popular JavaScript library jQuery. The main focus of jQuery Mobile<br>lies on the design and presentation of mobile apps.</p>\n<br><p id='86' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The technologies used by jQuery mobile are HTML5, CSS3 and JavaScript, which<br>enables it to run on most current mobile devices. JQuery Mobile can be used to both<br>make web apps feel more like native apps and to apply a brand layout to them, giving<br>them a more polished look than a default web app. The layout is scaled to the target<br>device. Small adaptations can be made automatically. For instance, labels can be<br>placed beside input fields on larger devices while being placed above them on smaller<br>devices.</p>\n<br><p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The jQuery mobile website offers a drag-and-drop tool for building simple UI<br>layouts called Codiqa. Components such as buttons, text, images and lists can be<br>dragged into the UI, allowing for rapid prototyping. The resulting source code can<br>then be downloaded and further modified. This makes it much easier for new or<br>inexperienced developers to get started, as the other platforms such as Android have a<br>much steeper learning curve.</p>\n<br><p id='88' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The jQuery Mobile framework is free and open source. It can be used under the<br>terms of either the MIT License or the GNU General Public License. The basic<br>version of the Codiqa, which allows the download of the source code created, is free.<br>Advanced versions which offer additional features cost 10$ per month for single users<br>and 30$ per month for teams.</p>\n<br><p id='89' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>JQuery Mobile offers some more features which are not strictly related to design,<br>most notably the handling of events such as various forms of touch input (e.g., tap,<br>swipe) and orientation change (i.e., the user turning the device from portrait to<br>landscape mode or vice versa).</p>\n<h1 id='90' style='font-size:14px'>3.4.2 PhoneGap</h1>\n<p id='91' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>PhoneGap [22] is an app platform which can build apps from a single code base for<br>multiple target platforms as native apps. It is based on HTML5, CSS3 and JavaScript<br>and abstracts the hardware of mobile platforms into a JavaScript API. The library<br>provides interfaces for hardware access and certain native features. Hardware access<br>includes the device\u2019s accelerometer, the camera and the compass.</p>\n<br><p id='92' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Some of the platform features are access to the contact list or to the file system,<br>notifications and geolocation. All of these features are available for Android, iPhone<br>(3GS and above) and Windows Phone 7. Other platforms such as Blackberry or<br>Symbian have a subset of these features available. PhoneGap thus manages to<br>combine many of the advantages of native apps and web apps.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 103235, "type": "text", "content": "# Read PDF Web Application Design Doent \nExample\n\n\n \n\nCRUD functions. Flask is based on a web application design ...\n\n\n# Building an AJAX-based CRUD app in Flask\n\n\n \n\nAccording to the Django documentation ... build complex web \napplications. It has a lot of built-in features that accelerate the \ndevelopment process, like server-side template rendering, Class ...\n\n\n# Build a Photo-sharing App with Django\n\n\n \n\nThe internet\u2019s framers thus had no money to simply roll out a \nuniform centralized network the way that, for example ... protocols \nfor the World Wide Web, an application to run on the internet.\n\n\nThe Internet Is Rotting \nFirstly, open the Word application and create a blank document ... \nPage 6/9\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1508086, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='37' style='font-size:18px'>Choices (a small and incomplete list)</h1>\n<h1 id='38' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022\u202f user interface</h1>\n<br><p id='39' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2013\u202f browser, desktop, phone, game console, API, ...<br>\u2013\u202f HTML/CSS/LESS, Javascript, Flash, Jquery, Bootstrap, Swing, ...</p>\n<br><h1 id='40' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022\u202f languages</h1>\n<br><p id='41' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2013\u202f C++, Java, C#, Objective C, Perl, Python, PHP, Ruby, Javascript, ...</p>\n<br><h1 id='42' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022\u202f server</h1>\n<p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022\u202f</p>\n<p id='44' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022\u202f</p>\n<br><p id='45' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2013\u202f own machine, OIT, CS, Google AppEngine, Amazon AWS, Heroku, ...<br>database<br>\u2013\u202f MySQL, SQLite, Postgres, MongoDB, Redis, ...<br>information exchange formats<br>\u2013\u202f text, JSON, XML, REST, ...</p>\n<br><h1 id='46' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022\u202f frameworks</h1>\n<br><h1 id='47' style='font-size:14px'>\u2013\u202f Django, Flask, Rails, Express, Google Web Toolkit</h1>\n<br><h1 id='48' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022\u202f development environments</h1>\n<br><h1 id='49' style='font-size:14px'>\u2013\u202f XCode, Eclipse, Visual Studio, \u2026</h1>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3134880, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='38' style='font-size:14px'>76</header>\n<p id='39' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>the previous section. A full account however, must also consider participants\u2019 preferences for<br>tangible physical photos when sharing. Similar preferences for the tangible form of prints have<br>been reported in prior research [Crabtree et al., 2004, Frohlich et al., 2002]; here we describe<br>in detail the properties we found reported for the preference.</p>\n<h1 id='40' style='font-size:14px'>5.3.1 Easy Viewing</h1>\n<p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Easy viewing takes in to account factors in the experience of viewing photos as a tangible print.<br>One daughter describes her desire to have prints of digital photos:</p>\n<p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u201cI \ufb01nd that if I take any digital pictures I still want to print them. Cause, well for<br>me anyways, I like to look at a picture rather than a computer.\u201d - P3, Teenage<br>Daughter</p>\n<p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The preference for viewing print photos was often described in vague terms, such as being<br>\u201crelaxing\u201d or \u201cnice to look at\u201d. However, a common theme, which is expressed in this quo-<br>tation, is the intrusive nature of computer technology on the viewing experience; participants<br>reported that printed photos hide the technology that would otherwise be visible when viewing<br>on a computer. This could include the physical appearance of the computer, the necessity of<br>navigating a GUI in order to \ufb01nd and display photos, or the lower image quality when view-<br>ing on a computer monitor relative to a print. One situation people noted where minimizing<br>the appearance of computer technology was particularly desirable is showing photos to older<br>relatives who may not be comfortable or familiar the technology.</p>\n<h1 id='44' style='font-size:14px'>5.3.2 Easy Sharing</h1>\n<p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Easy sharing takes into account how tangible print photos are readily available for sharing.<br>This can be seen as the \ufb02ip side of the technological barriers in showing digital photos.</p>\n<p id='46' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u201cIf you want to show them to somebody it\u2019s harder, cause you have to bring them<br>to your computer or burn a CD and take it to them. It\u2019s a bit more effort than just</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 103237, "type": "text", "content": "# Read PDF Web Application Design Doent \nExample\n\n\n \n\nMicrosoft\u2019s Office suite is another great example of a Big Tech \ncompany ... OpenDocument extensions and save them as PDFs. Its \ndesign is similar to other document editors and comes bundled ...\n\n\n7 free alternatives to Microsoft Word \nWeb Hosting Providersis the use of computers (or workstations) to \naid in the creation, modification, analysis, ...\n\n\nWeb Hosting Providers Market Research Report with Size, Share, \nValue, CAGR, Outlook, Analysis, Latest Updates, Data, and News \n2021-2028 \n(OTC PINK:DLTI) is pleased to announce its, Union Strategies \ndivision has rolled out new features to its You Unified application \naddressing an ever growing multi cultural population in North \nPage 8/9\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3567622, "type": "html", "content": "<br><h1 id='65' style='font-size:22px'>Success Story</h1>\n<h1 id='66' style='font-size:20px'>Portal and Mobile App for Foreign Language Learners</h1>\n<h1 id='67' style='font-size:16px'>Customer</h1>\n<figure><img id='68' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(56,421); bottom-right:(191,550)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='69' style='font-size:18px'>A US tech startup<br>providing a<br>conversation-<br>based language<br>learning platform</h1>\n<br><h1 id='70' style='font-size:16px'>Solution</h1>\n<figure><img id='71' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(559,423); bottom-right:(739,606)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='72' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Two award-winning<br>language learning tools:<br>a learning web portal<br>where users can polish<br>their conversational skills<br>and a mobile app which<br>serves as a handy<br>traveler\u2019s phrasebook</p>\n<h1 id='73' style='font-size:16px'>Tools & Technologies</h1>\n<figure><img id='74' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(205,906); bottom-right:(329,1025)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='75' style='font-size:18px'>iOS SDK, Xcode, UIKit, LAMP stack,<br>PHP, JavaScript, jQuery, CloudFlare<br>CDN, Pimcore CMS</h1>\n<br><figure><img id='76' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1211,166); bottom-right:(1499,1081)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='77' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>www.scnsoft.com \u00a9 2021 ScienceSoft \u00ae</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Given that you want to implement both a Photo-sharing App and a Web to Print Software in a single project, which technologies would you prioritize for each, considering their suitability mentioned?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 250, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 375837, "type": "text", "content": "Nanotechnology 31 (2020) 045302\n\n\n \n\nC-S Kim et al\n\n\nFigure 2. Examples of ion-nanostructure interactions in diamond (c-C). (a),\n(b) SEM images of 82 nm thick c-C membranes exposed to \n35 keV He+. A line-exposure along the y-axis delivered 2.4\uf0a0\u00d7\uf0a0108 (left) and\n4.0\uf0a0\u00d7\uf0a0107 ions/line (right). Damage observed in (a) and (b) was \nviewed at angles of 52\u00b0 and \u221210\u00b0, respectively, and shows dose-dependent\nvolume deformation. (c) Magni\ufb01ed SEM image of region in \nyellow box in (a) shows a sputtered volume and a roughened surface. (d) TEM\nimage of left side of sample in (a) showing internal He+- \ninduced damage within the region outlined by the dashed line. (e) EELS spectra\nshowing the shift in energy of volume plasmon peaks, \nsampled from three points in (d). Peaks at 33.76, 27.98, and 24.28 eV in\ncurves #1 to #3 resulted in calculated densities of 3.47, 2.38, and \n1.79 g cm\u22123. (f), (g) SEM images of 94 nm thick c-C membranes exposed to 35\nkeV He+ with a dose of 2.4\uf0a0\u00d7\uf0a0108 ion/point and the same \ncrystal orientation as in \ufb01gures (a), (b). He+ point-exposure was applied at\nthe edge of the membrane on the x\u2013y plane. Images show three \nvolume deformations. (h) TEM image of 87 nm thick c-C membrane exposed to 10\nkeV He+ with a dose of 8.0\uf0a0\u00d7\uf0a0107 ion/point. Surface \nsputtering and gas bubble formation are observed. White scale bars represent a\nlength of 100 nm.\n\n\nleakage\u2019. The calculated values of Rr for c-C and c-Si using \nSRIM are 40.9\uf0a0\u00b1\uf0a021.5 nm and 145.3\uf0a0\u00b1\uf0a070.8 nm, respec- \ntively. Figures 3(f), (g) show the effect of membrane geo- \nmetry by overlaying two gray-colored bars on simulation and \nexperimental results representing membrane thickness. \n+ \nInspection of the simulated He distribution with respect to t0 \nsuggests that more He+ scatters out of a virtual membrane in \nc-Si than in c-C, likely due to the reduced stopping power of \n35 keV He+ ions in c-Si (11.6 eV \u00c5\u22121) compared to c-C \n(29.8 eV \u00c5\u22121).\n\n\n \n\nWe quanti\ufb01ed the number of He+ ions coming to rest \ninside the membrane as the probability of He+ accumulation \n(Pacc), where the probability of escape was Pesc\uf0a0=\uf0a01 \u2212 Pacc \nfor a given t0. The resulting values calculated using SRIM \nPacc SRIM\uf0a0=\uf0a00.73 (c-C) and Pacc SRIM= 0.23 (c-Si). This result \n+ \nindicates that the probability of He trapping is 3.17 times \nlarger in c-C than in c-Si due to larger loss of He+ kinetic \nenergy per collision in c-C (mHe is closer to mC than mSi). \nThis trapping contributes not only to gas bubble nucleation, \nbut also to subsequent collision cascades between incident \nprimary ions and trapped helium, resulting in additional \nradiation damage in c-C, where the probability of ion leakage \nis lower than in c-Si. However, this SRIM calculation \n+ \nincludes He recoil back into the nanostructure, which cannot \nhappen once the He+ has left the \ufb01lm, as SRIM cannot handle \nreal 3D geometries [54]. Thus, we performed a full 3D Monte \nCarlo simulation using IM3D, which accounts for the leakage \nof He+ in arbitrary 3D geometries. The simulated\n\n\n \n\nprobabilities for accumulation using IM3D, P IM D3 , were 0.69 \nacc \nand 0.08 in c-C and c-Si, respectively. Thus, the IM3D \nsimulation results differ signi\ufb01cantly from those obtained \nfrom SRIM.\n\n\n \n\nGiven the high Pacc in c-C, gas bubbles and atomic dis- \nplacements are more probable in c-C than in c-Si. This \nincrease in damage results in Ry\|max in c-C being 2.25 times \nlarger than that in c-Si at the maximum D0, as shown in \n\ufb01gures 3(c)\u2013(e). The supplementary material describes the \ncalculation of Pacc and Pesc in detail. Figure S5 in the sup- \nplementary material shows Pacc as a function of t0 for both \nc-C and c-Si.\n\n\n \n\nThe ion leakage effect enables us to explain the absence \nof bubble clusters in c-Si (\ufb01gure 3(b)) at \nD0\uf0a0=\uf0a02.4\uf0a0\u00d7\uf0a0108 ions/point, equivalent to \n2.4\uf0a0\u00d7\uf0a01022 ions cm\u22122, since each point has an effective area \nof about 1 nm2. This areal dose density is four and \ufb01ve orders \nof magnitude higher than the nucleation doses for nano- \nbubbles and bubble clusters, respectively [32]. We would thus \nnaively expect bubble clusters to form. By accounting for \ndose from the proximity effect and Pacc, the effective D0 in \n\ufb01gure 3(b) reduces to about 1.7\uf0a0\u00d7\uf0a01017 ions cm\u22122 (SRIM) or \n6.1\uf0a0\u00d7\uf0a01016 ion cm\u22122 (IM3D). The effective D0 obtained \nusing IM3D is thus below the nanobubble nucleation dose of \n\u22122 [32]. While esti- \n1017 ions cm reported in previous work \nmates of bubble nucleation dose thresholds are admittedly \ninexact, the fact that bubbles are indeed not observed does\n\n\n5\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2132102, "type": "text", "content": "EPR spectrum. EPR signal accumulation with n scans produces a signal-to-noise\nratio \nenhancement of n . However, a large number of scans coupled with long scan\ntimes can be \na disadvantage because of temporal fluctuations in spectrometer sensitivity,\nincluding the \ninstability of electronic devices, microwave cavity quality factor and power\noutput. \nFluctuations in the stability of the magnetic field and microwave frequency\ncan be \ncompensated by using a field-frequency lock device (see section 4.6). The\ntotal spectrum \nrecording time should not exceed about 2 hours. Optimal values for the\nspectrum registration \nparameters are summarized in Table III.\n\n\nTable III. Typical settings of EPR spectrometer parameters for measurement of\ntooth enamel\n\n\n# 4.2. Assessment of radiation response\n\n\n \n\nThe radiation-induced component in the EPR spectrum can be visually\ndistinguished \nonly at doses higher than 0.2\u20130.3 Gy. At lower doses the broad native signal\nobscures the \nradiation-induced signal. Hence, it is necessary to subtract the broad\nradiation-insensitive \nsignal from the total spectrum, or to extract the obscured information by\nother methods. Three \nmain techniques of signal evaluation at low doses are currently being applied\n[41]. These \ntechniques use different procedures to eliminate the native signal and to\nmeasure the intensity \nof the dosimetric signal. The extraction of the spectrum of the empty sample\ntube from \nmeasured spectra is the common option for all techniques.\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Deconvolution methods. Mathematical simulation of the native and dosimetric\nsignals is \ndone to approximate the EPR spectrum of tooth enamel. The method is\ndistinguished by \nthe type of EPR signal simulation and approximation used. The amplitude of the \ndosimetric signal results from an amplitude parameter providing the best fit\nto the \nmeasured spectrum. Two common approximation routines are used:\n\n\n \n\n\u2212 The first is a least-square method with optional realizations of the EPR\nsignals by (a) \ncombination of Gaussian functions [88, 96, 97, 98, 99]; b) combination of\nGaussian, \nLorentzian and anisotropy functions [100]; (c) EPR powder spectrum simulation \n[101], and (d) standard EPR spectra obtained from non-irradiated and enamel\nsamples \nirradiated with high dose (about 5 Gy). \n\u2212 The second approximation routine is based on the multivariate statistical\nspectrum \ndecomposition method (Maximum Likelihood Common Factor Analysis (MLCFA)\n\n\n23\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 375868, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='30' style='font-size:14px'>Nanotechnology 31 (2020) 045302</header>\n<br><header id='31' style='font-size:14px'>C-S Kim et al</header>\n<figure><img id='32' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(100,145); bottom-right:(602,500)\" /></figure>\n<p id='33' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Figure 1. Experimental method and examples of ion-nanostructure<br>interactions in silicon. (a) Schematic of experimental method and<br>procedure. (1) Preparation of electron transparent targets with<br>different geometries (gray color) by FGIB and lift-out technique. (2)<br>Targeted irradiation of nanostructures. (3) Characterization by<br>electron microscopy. (b) TEM image of c-Si membranes with<br>different thicknesses irradiated with 35 keV He+ as illustrated in (a).<br>A point-exposure delivered 2.4\uf0a0\u00d7\uf0a0108 ions/point to each membrane<br>in the direction of the orange arrows. (c), (d) Higher magni\ufb01cation<br>TEM images when membrane thickness t0\uf0a0=\uf0a079 nm and<br>t0\uf0a0=\uf0a0498 nm in (b). The former shows removed volume and the<br>latter shows swelled volume at the FHIB entry point as indicated by<br>the orange arrows. (e) Measured parameters (Rx,y,z\|max) for He+-<br>exposed membranes viewed normal to the x\u2013y plane (SEM) and the<br>x\u2013z plane (TEM). White scale bars represent a length of 100 nm.</p>\n<p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Results and discussion</p>\n<p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>In this work, we studied interactions between a FHIB and c-C<br>and c-Si nanostructures as a function of various parameters,<br>including ion-exposure method (single point or scanned),<br>exposure location, ion dose (D0), ion energy (E0), nanos-<br>tructure geometry, and ion species. Figure 1 provides an<br>overview of our approach and a summary of the damage<br>observed in silicon samples for comparison to diamond in<br>subsequent \ufb01gures. In \ufb01gures 1(b)\u2013(d) we consider the<br>interactions of a FHIB with c-Si membranes that were fab-<br>ricated with different thicknesses (t0). Comparing \ufb01gures 1(c)<br>and (d), we see signi\ufb01cant surface swelling at the point where<br>the FHIB enters the 498 nm thick membrane, which is absent<br>from the 79 nm thick membrane. This comparison implies<br>that FHIB-induced damage depends on sample geometry as is<br>also seen in the case of c-C and discussed later in \ufb01gure 5.<br>Figure 1(e) shows how we measured FHIB-induced damage<br>in a thin membrane using electron microscopy. The maximum<br>lateral range of damage along the x-axis, termed Rx\|max and<br>longitudinal range along the z-axis, termed Rz\|max was mea-<br>sured in the x\u2013z plane, along with the maximum volume<br>deformation along the y-axis in the x\u2013y plane, Ry\|max. In a<br>homogeneous medium, Rx\|max and Ry\|max are expected to be<br>equal and would both be estimated as twice the radial dis-<br>tribution range Rr (measured from the optical axis), due to the<br>axial symmetry of He+ scattering in a bulk homogeneous<br>solid. In our case, we must treat Rx\|max and Ry\|max differently,<br>because damage is formed differently along the x- and y-axes.</p>\n<br><p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Thus, Rx\|max was comparable to 2Rr and Ry\|max was used to<br>estimate the observed volume deformation. We use these<br>measured values as well as others listed in table 1 to explain<br>results related to FHIB-induced damage in this work.</p>\n<br><p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Figure 2 summarizes the observed interactions between a<br>FHIB and c-C membranes. Figures 2(a), (b) show the surface<br>of an 82 nm thick c-C membrane after irradiation by a linear<br>scan with a FHIB at two different doses and shows that more<br>FHIB-induced damage occurred along the x- and z-directions<br>when a higher dose was applied. The observed swelling<br>orthogonal to the beam direction was not always seen in<br>previous reports [35], as it would have been destroyed during<br>preparation of the TEM sample except in the case of the<br>methods used in [3, 10]. Volumetric deformation seen in<br>\ufb01gures 2(a), (b) is indicative of dose-dependent FHIB-<br>induced damage. Furthermore, comparison of these results<br>with those for c-Si shown in \ufb01gures 1(b)\u2013(d) highlights the<br>additional material dependence. Figure 2(c) is a magni\ufb01ed<br>image of the yellow boxed region in \ufb01gure 2(a) and shows<br>that our method enables observation of changes in surface<br>morphologies due to nanoscale sputtering. Figure 2(d) dis-<br>plays a TEM image of the damaged region within the<br>nanostructure presented at the left side in \ufb01gure 2(a). This<br>\ufb01gure shows the internal structure of the region irradiated by<br>the FHIB, including longitudinal damage extending 634 nm<br>below the surface. The depth of the longitudinal damage is<br>larger than the 146 nm ion-penetration depth predicted by<br>SRIM for 35 keV He+ in c-C, which will be considered in<br>further detail in discussions of \ufb01gure 3. Figure 2(e) shows the<br>results of electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) analyses,<br>where a shift in the energy of volume plasmon peak of c-C<br>was observed and attributed to FHIB-induced damage. The<br>volume plasmon energy depends on the density of the mat-<br>erial and as such we used the shift in volume plasmon energy<br>to estimate the change in density of the material due to<br>interactions with the FHIB [52]. We estimated a density<br>reduction of approximately 50% going from pristine c-C<br>(3.47 g cm \u22123) to damaged diamond (1.79 g cm \u22123). The sup-<br>plementary information describes how the estimation of<br>density using EELS was conducted. Figures 2(f), (g) show the<br>external structure of a 94 nm thick c-C membrane after a<br>FHIB point exposure at the edge of the membrane. The<br>longitudinal damage range observed is 938 nm, which is<br>approximately 300 nm larger than the value shown in<br>\ufb01gure 2(d). This comparison implies that FHIB-induced<br>morphology changes depend on exposure method and loca-<br>tion. Figure 2(h) shows a TEM image of a 87 nm thick c-C<br>membrane exposed to a 10 keV FHIB using a point-exposure<br>at the center of the membrane. Strong surface sputtering was<br>observed near the point where the FHIB entered the sample as<br>He+ loses more energy via nuclear interactions at 10 keV<br>relative to 35 keV. Nuclear losses for 10 keV and 35 keV He+<br>in c-C are 23.24 eV \u00c5\u22121 and 10.43 eV \u00c5\u22121, respectively, as<br>calculated by SRIM.</p>\n<br><p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The results shown in \ufb01gures 1 and 2 summarize the<br>FHIB-induced damage in c-Si and c-C observed in this work<br>and demonstrates that our method enables detailed observa-<br>tion of this damage. In the following sections, we will</p>\n<footer id='39' style='font-size:14px'>3</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 433016, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='23' style='font-size:20px'>Facet Amorphisation - Testing</h1>\n<figure><img id='24' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(167,246); bottom-right:(536,579)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>7.5 x 7.5\u00b5m\u00b2 squares FIB milling<br>Ion Beam currents: 50 \u2013 500pA<br>Dwell Times: 1 \u2013 8\u00b5s<br>(secondary electrons imaging)</p>\n<br><h1 id='26' style='font-size:20px'>Nano-Patterning - Testing</h1>\n<figure><img id='27' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(895,240); bottom-right:(1270,578)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Ion Beam current: 100pA<br>Dwell Times: 0.5 \u2013 1\u00b5s<br>with 0.5\u00b5s DT milled lines obtained<br>\u2013 no Ga droplets<br>(secondary electrons imaging)</p>\n<h1 id='29' style='font-size:20px'>Patterning - Testing</h1>\n<br><h1 id='30' style='font-size:20px'>Light Corrent Characteristics (LI)</h1>\n<figure><img id='31' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(164,712); bottom-right:(550,1073)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>8.10.2007</p>\n<br><figure data-category='chart'><img id='33' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"160\nLB72 FIB\n140\nLB67 (as LB72)\nLB100 FIB\n120\nLB73 (as LB100)\n(mW) 100\npower 80\noutput 60\n40\n20\n0\n0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500\ncurrent (mA)\" data-coord=\"top-left:(877,670); bottom-right:(1557,1089)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='34' style='font-size:16px'>EFUG 2007- Arcachon</h1>\n<br><p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Pulsed operation (5\u00b5s, 200Hz)</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2561339, "type": "text", "content": "# Nano Letters\n\n\n \n\nLetter\n\n\nFigure 4. Morphologies, EELS spectra and postirradiation deformation of SiO2\nnano\ufb01bers. (a\u2212e) Morphologies and EELS spectra of SiO2 \nnano\ufb01bers for di\ufb00erent sample preparation protocols. The areas where the EELS\nwere recorded are marked by the dotted circles. (a, b) Morphology \nof a 56 nm nano\ufb01ber before and after 1 min irradiation, respectively. (c) As-\nprepared dog-bone sample with a diameter of 24.6 nm made from the 56 \nnm nano\ufb01ber. (d, e) Corresponding EELS spectra of Si-L2,3 edge and O\u2212K edge.\nThe EELS peak energy is (a) 106.0, (b) 112.9, (c) 128.8, (d) \n155.2, and (e), 539.0 eV. (f, g) Postirradiation tensile experiment on a 21.1\nnm SiO2 nano\ufb01ber. The tensile testing was conducted at a strain rate of \n2.5 \u00d7 10\u22124 s\u22121. (f) Image of the nano\ufb01ber before 2 min beam irradiation. (g)\nFracture of the nano\ufb01ber after the tensile test.\n\n\n \n\nwhich might a\ufb00ect the plastic deformation. The displacement \nthreshold energy for amorphous SiO2 is \u223c25 eV,45 while our \nexperiments were conducted with 300 kV electron beam that \ngives maximum 53 eV to O and 30 eV to Si in direct impact. To \ndetermine the in\ufb02uences of prior beam irradiation on the \ncomposition and deformation behaviors of SiO2 nano\ufb01bers, \nelectron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and postirradiation \ntensile experiments were further performed. Figure 4a\u2212e shows \nthe morphologies and EELS spectra of a SiO2 nano\ufb01ber before \nand after the sample preparation under electron beam. The \ndiameter of the pristine nano\ufb01ber is 56 nm. After the irradiation \nunder a beam current density of \u223c2.5 \u00d7 10\u22123 A/cm2 for 1 min \n(similar to the irradiation condition of sample preparation \nprocess), no change in morphology is observed (Figure 4a,b). \nFinally, a dog-bone nano\ufb01ber sample of 24.6 nm is prepared \nfrom the initial thick nano\ufb01ber (Figure 4c). The corresponding\n\n\n \n\nEELS spectra of Si-L2,3 edge and O\u2212K edge under these three \nconditions are presented in Figure 4d and 4e, respectively. The \nlack of any observable di\ufb00erence between the Si-L2,3 edge and \nO\u2212K edge of these three samples suggests that the beam \nirradiation in sample preparation does not change the \ncomposition of the SiO2 nano\ufb01ber measurably. Moreover, the \nlack of a peak at \u223c531 eV indicates that no detectable \nmolecular oxygen (O2) was generated during the irradiation.46 \nAs a result, the dog-bone sample should remain pure SiO2.\n\n\n \n\nSome dangling bonds and oxygen vacancies/interstitials \ncould be introduced by the irradiation in sample preparation \nand imaging processes,16 but they should have negligible e\ufb00ect \non the deformation. SiO2 nano\ufb01bers with the diameter as large \nas 129 nm can deform via superplastic \ufb02ow when exposed to \nelectron beam irradiation (Supporting Figure S4). However, \nthe beam-blank experiments demonstrate that nano\ufb01bers with\n\n\n109\n\n\n \nDOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03070 \nNano Lett. 2016, 16, 105\u2212113\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 102086, "type": "text", "content": "www.MaterialsViews.com\n\n\n \n\n# www.advmat.de\n\n\n \nCOMMUNICATION\n\n\nFigure 3 . X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of the conversion of \nBPT SAMs into graphene on copper substrates: a) Pristine BPT SAM on \nCu(111) directly after vapor deposition; thiolate and sul\ufb01 de species are \nshown in red and blue, respectively. b) The same sample after electron- \nirradiation (50 eV) with a dose of 50 mC/cm 2 leading to the formation \nof a CNM. c) The sample after annealing for 2 h at 800 \u00b0 C leading to the \nconversion into graphene. d) Graphene monolayer prepared on a copper \nfoil and transferred onto a silicon wafer with 300 nm of silicon oxide.\n\n\ndeposition on the reactive copper substrate (see also discussion \nbelow). Note that this additional sulfur species does not impair \nthe self-assembly of the intact BPT molecules on Cu(111) (see \nFigure 2 a), which is re\ufb02 ected in a much higher structural \nquality of the formed SAM in comparison to the BPT SAM on \nAu(111), [ 21 ] although on the latter surface only thiolate species \nare observed by XPS. [ 21 ] An effective thickness of the monolayer \nobtained from the attenuation of the Cu2p signal is \u223c 9 \u00c5, which \ncorresponds well to a nearly vertical arrangement of BPT mole- \ncules in the SAM.\n\n\n \n\nThe next step in the fabrication of graphene is the electron- \nirradiation-induced crosslinking of the BPT SAM [ 22 , 23 ] resulting \nin the dehydrogenation of BPT molecules and formation of \nthe CNM (see Figure 1 c) with an extremely high thermal sta- \nbility. [ 23\u201325 ] An STM image in Figure 2 b shows topographical \nchanges induced in the BPT SAM on Cu(111) (compare with \nFigure 2 a) via irradiation with 50 eV electrons and a dose of \n50 mC/cm 2 ( \u223c 3000 electrons per 1 nm 2 ). To a large extent the \ninitially well-ordered alignment of the BPT SAM is lost. As \nobtained from the STM scans, the root-mean-square (RMS) \nroughness of the surface increases from 0.3 \u00c5 for the BPT SAM \nto more than 1 \u00c5 for the CNM. Thereby, the long-range order \ndisappears, evidenced by vanishing LEED patterns from the \nsample. However, a short-range order persists across the sur- \nface. Periodicities of 5.5 \u00c5 are detected by STM resembling the \nstructural features in the pristine SAM (see inset in Figure 2 b). \nUpon crosslinking the amount of copper sul\ufb01 des increases \nto \u223c 60%, as observed from the XPS measurements (see \nFigure 3 b), indicating the decomposition of the C-S bonds. Also \nthe C1s signal experiences changes in accord with the intro- \nduced structural modi\ufb01 cations. [ 23 ] Thus, the BE of the main \npeak shifts to 284.3 eV and the FWHM increases by 0.1 eV \n(1.2 eV) in comparison to the pristine BPT SAM, whereas\n\n\n \n\nthe intensity decreases by \u223c 5% showing some desorption of \ncarbon; the shoulder due to the C-S species shifts to 285.2 eV \nand its intensity increases by \u223c 30%.\n\n\n \n\nFinally, Figures 2 c-e show the conversion of the CNM \n(Figure 2 b) into graphene upon annealing in vacuum. The pre- \nsented STM and LEED measurements were conducted at room \ntemperature after the preceding annealing steps. Figure 2 c \ndemonstrates an intermediate stage of this 2D solid state trans- \nformation after annealing the sample for 15 minutes at 730 \u00b0 C. \nIt can be seen by STM that most of the surface is still rough \nshowing the same structure as for the non-annealed sample \n(Figure 2 b). However, a few islands with \ufb02 at areas, indicated \nwith arrows, have been formed. In comparison to the rest of \nthe surface their corrugation is very low with a RMS value of \nonly 0.4 \u00c5. High-resolution STM imaging shows a regular hex- \nagonal structure within these areas, which results in the forma- \ntion of a LEED pattern (see inset of Figure 2 c). From STM and \nLEED data we conclude that the unit cell of this structure has \na length of 6.75 \u00c5 and a rotational angle with respect to the \nsubstrate of 19.1 \u00b0 (see SI Figure 2b). As seen from the insets \nof Figure 2 c, the simulated LEED pattern matches the experi- \nmental one very well. We assign the observed structure to the \nformation of a superstructure between the graphene lattice and \nthe Cu(111) substrate. Such a phenomenon, often referred to \nas the formation of moir\u00e9 patterns, is routinely observed in the \ngrowth of graphene on metal substrates. [ 26 , 27 ] In this example \nthe superstructure has a unit cell that is only about three times \nlarger than the unit cell of graphene, making it dif\ufb01 cult to \ndirectly resolve the atomic structure in STM.\n\n\n \n\nThe STM and LEED data for the complete conversion of \nthe CNM into graphene are presented in Figure 2 d. Here, the \nsame sample as in Figure 2 c was subsequently annealed for \ntwo hours at 800 \u00b0 C. This treatment causes a drastic change \nin the topology. A very smooth surface has been formed across \nthe sample resulting in the appearance of a new LEED pat- \ntern. High-resolution STM imaging reveals the presence of a \nhexagonal structure on this surface (see inset of Figure 2 d); by \nincreasing the resolution, the honeycomb lattice of a graphene \nmonolayer is clearly imaged by STM (see Figure 2e). Its lat- \ntice is rotated with respect to the Cu(111) substrate by \u223c 38 \u00b0 , \nresulting in the formation of a hexagonal superstructure. In \ncomparison to the superstructure presented in Figure 2 c, its \nunit cell is much larger and has a lattice constant of 2.2 nm and \na rotational angle of 23.4 \u00b0 with respect to the substrate (see SI \nFigure 2c). The simulated LEED pattern, presented in the inset \nof Figure 2 d, re\ufb02 ects most but not all experimentally observed \ndiffraction spots, indicating that also other superstructures \nwith different lattice constants can be present. The hexagonal \nsuperstructure discussed in this paragraph was also occasion- \nally imaged by STM after annealing at 730 \u00b0 C, but its surface \ndensity was not suf\ufb01 cient to contribute to the LEED pattern. \nThese observations strongly suggest that during the nucleation \nand growth of graphene, the crystallites may undergo structural \nreorientations with respect to the substrate.\n\n\n \n\nFigure 3 c shows the XPS spectra for the CNM sample after \nits complete conversion into graphene (see Figures 2 d-e). As a \nresult of this conversion, the FWHM of the C1s signal (BE = \n284.5 eV) signi\ufb01 cantly decreases to a value of 0.9 eV, which cor- \nresponds to the resolution of our spectrometer. The signal\n\n\n4148 wileyonlinelibrary.com\n\n\n \n\u00a9 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim\n\n\n \nAdv. Mater. 2013, 25, 4146\u20134151\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 102087, "type": "text", "content": "www.MaterialsViews.com\n\n\n \nwww.advmat.de\n\n\n \n\nintensity decreases to \u223c 70% of the initial \nvalue for a pristine BPT SAM showing des- \norption of carbon from the CNM upon the \nconversion into graphene. Also the S2p signal \nexperiences signi\ufb01 cant changes, its intensity \nreduces to \u223c 60% of the initial value and the \nshape shows only the presence of a copper \nsul\ufb01 de species (BE Sp 3/2 = 161.5 eV). The \ndesorption of this species from the copper \nsubstrate is hindered by the intrinsic stability \nof copper sul\ufb01 des [ 20 ] and by the presence of \nthe graphene layer, which acts as a diffu- \nsion barrier for sulfur atoms. Even much \nlonger annealing times ( \u223c 12 h) do not reduce \nthe intensity of the copper sul\ufb01 de peak \nsubstantially.\n\n\n \n\nFrom the surface density of the BPT SAM \non Cu(111) obtained by STM and LEED and \ntaking into account desorption of carbon \nduring the crosslinking and annealing, the \nthickness of the graphene can be estimated \n(see SI p.6). The calculation shows that after \nthe conversion precisely a single-layer of gra- \nphene is formed on the copper substrate. To \nfurther support this result, we characterized \nthe graphene formed on Cu(111) by Raman \nspectroscopy. A typical Raman spectrum is \nshown in Figure 2 f. The G- and 2D-peaks are \nlocated at 1583 cm \u2212 1 and 2672 cm \u2212 1 . The Lor- \nentzian-shape of the 2D peak with the FWHM \nof 37 cm \u2212 1 , in combination with the low- \nintensity D-peak at 1340 cm \u2212 1 , clearly con\ufb01 rm \nthe formation of single-layer graphene with \nhigh structural quality. Note that annealing \nof the pristine (non-cross-linked) BPT SAM \nresults in desorption of the monolayer at \ntemperatures above 120 \u00b0 C. After annealing \nat \u223c 800 \u00b0 C only a small amount of the sul\ufb01 de \nspecies are detected by XPS on the copper \nsubstrate. Thus, the high thermal stability of \nCNMs is of key importance for their conver- \nsion into graphene via annealing.\n\n\n \n\nAll experiments described in the pre- \nvious paragraphs were conducted inside\n\n\nFigure 4 . Spectroscopic, microscopic and electrical characterization of\ngraphene monolayers prepared on copper foils. a) Raman spectra ( \u03bb = 532 nm) \nof the conversion of CNMs into graphene as a function of temperature. The\nsheets after annealing (60 min) were transferred from the copper foils onto \nsilicon wafers with 300 nm of silicon oxide. b-e, 80 kV transmission electron\nmicroscopy (TEM) of the suspended graphene sheet transferred to a TEM \ngrid after the growth on a copper foil at 830 \u00b0 C. b) High resolution TEM\n(HRTEM) micrograph of the sheet clearly resolving the honeycomb lattice of \ngraphene (carbon atoms appear with dark contrast under our imaging conditions\n(Cs = 2 \u00b5 m, Scherzer defocus)). The single layer nature of this \ufb01 lm can \nbe determined already from the HRTEM image contrast; it was further veri\ufb01 ed\nby selected area electron diffraction shown in (c), where the intensity ratio \nbetween the \ufb01 rst and the second order lattice re\ufb02 ections unambiguously\nidenti\ufb01 es the material as single-layer graphene. [ 32 ] d) Color coded\nsequence of \ndark-\ufb01 eld TEM images where different colors correspond to different lattice\norientations of graphene crystallites. This method allows to determine the \ngrain size (de\ufb01 ned as the square root of the grain area), a corresponding\nhistogram is shown in (e). For more information see supplementary materials. \nf) Room temperature resistivity of the graphene measured in vacuum as a\nfunction of back-gate voltage using Hall bar devices schematically depicted \nin (g). h, The quantum Hall effect at 0.3 K and 15 T. The upper plot shows\nShubnikov-de Haas oscillations with the corresponding \ufb01 lling factors \u03bd and \nthe lower plot shows the Hall resistance as a function of back gate voltage,\ni.e., varied charge carrier density. The measured quantum resistance plateau \n2 (shown as horizontal dashed lines), where N = \u00b1 2, \nvalues are in a perfect agreement with the theoretical sequence for single-\nlayer graphene, 1/N \u00d7 h/e \n\u00b1 6, \u00b1 10, \u2026 , h and e are the Planck\u2019s and the elementary charge constants,\nrespectively.\n\n\nAdv. Mater. 2013, 25, 4146\u20134151\n\n\n \n\u00a9 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim\n\n\n \nwileyonlinelibrary.com 4149\n\n\n \nCOMMUNICATION\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 375833, "type": "text", "content": "Nanotechnology 31 (2020) 045302\n\n\n \nC-S Kim et al\n\n\n \n\ndimension measurement [20], biological imaging [21], and \nnanofabrication for plasmonic antennas [22], nanopores [23], \ntransmission electron microscopy (TEM) lamellae [24], pho- \ntomask repair [25], and circuit editing [26]. Local modi\ufb01ca- \ntion of materials and defect creation via FHIB at the \nnanoscale has also been applied to quantum optics [27] and \ncircuits [28, 29].\n\n\n \n\nUnderstanding He+ scattering in materials is critical to \nthe use of FHIB to control material properties. In general, the \ndistribution of FHIB-induced damage in materials depends on \n(1) the scattering ranges of helium in the material, (2) the \nsputtering yield and (3) helium solubility in the material. (1) \nRadial scattering and ion ranges of He+ in materials are \n+ \napproximately twelve times larger than that of Ga with \nequivalent kinetic energy since the stopping power of He+ is \nabout twelve times lower than that of Ga+. (2) The sputtering \nyield of He+ is two orders of magnitude lower than that of \nGa+ for the materials studied in this work (carbon and sili- \ncon). This difference arises because He+ loses energy pri- \nmarily via electronic interactions with fewer atomic \ndisplacements than observed for Ga+. Also, Ga+-induced \ndamage can reach a steady-state condition, resulting in a \nconstant Ga+ implantation pro\ufb01le by continuous surface \nrecession due to sputtering [30]. (3) Helium has primarily \nrepulsive interactions with host material atoms due to its \nclosed-shell electron con\ufb01guration and thus a low equilibrium \nsolubility in the host material [31]. As a result, if kinetics \nallow, implanted He atoms can precipitate as He gas bubbles, \nwhich grow to dimensions equivalent to that of the \n+ \nHe -exposed region. This bubble formation can lead to sig- \nni\ufb01cant morphological changes such as surface swelling at \nion doses of over 1017 ions cm\u22122 [32, 33]. If all three char- \nacteristics are considered, implanted He+ may accumulate \nsigni\ufb01cantly within nanostructures, leading to gas bubble \ngrowth and \u2018bloating\u2019 of targets without forming a steady- \nstate radiation-damage pro\ufb01le. Simultaneously and unlike \nGa+, He+ can scatter/diffuse and escape from irradiated \ntargets into the surrounding vacuum by a process which we \nrefer to as He+ leakage. Consequently, He+ may display a \nrange of scattering behaviors in nanostructures resulting in \nboth internal and surface damage to nanostructured targets \n(see \ufb01gure S1 in the supplementary information, available \nonline at stacks.iop.org/NANO/31/045302/mmedia).\n\n\n \n\nDespite the physical understanding described above, \ndetails of the radiation effects due to FHIB have thus far only \nbeen investigated for a limited number of materials such as Si \n[32, 34, 35], Cu [32], Ni-Mo/Si [25], TiO2 [34], and gra- \nphene [36], even though numerous other materials of interest \nexist. Diamond (crystalline carbon, hereafter referred to as \nc-C) is a particularly promising material in nanotechnology \ndue to its extraordinary mechanical, optical, and thermal \nproperties, and its biocompatibility [37\u201339] for micro- and \nnano-electromechanical systems [40, 41]. It is also of interest \nfor quantum optics/computing [42, 43], magnetic resonance \nimaging (MRI) [44, 45], and as an electron-optical material in \nnew microscopy techniques such as quantum electron \nmicroscopy [46]. Therefore, there is considerable interest in \nunderstanding how c-C can be probed and modi\ufb01ed using\n\n\n \n\nlocalized, targeted ion irradiation, for example a FHIB has \nbeen used to generate defects at controlled locations in dia- \nmond, which can subsequently be converted to luminescent \nnitrogen-vacancy centers for use in nanoscale MRI [27, 47].\n\n\n \n\nIn this work, we study the interaction of a FHIB with c-C \nnanostructures compared to those produced in crystalline \nsilicon (hereafter referred to as c-Si). A new experimental \napproach to observe ion-nanostructure interactions in three \ndimensions (3D) is described, by preparing electron-trans- \nparent samples using FGIB and then characterizing FHIB- \ninduced modi\ufb01cations in those samples both internally and \nexternally by transmission and scanning electron microscopy \n(TEM and SEM), respectively. We investigated ion-nanos- \ntructure interactions as a function of material composition, ion \ndose, crystal orientation, substrate thickness, and ion energy. \nWe observed nanostructure-speci\ufb01c physical phenomena, \nincluding anomalously long ion-penetration lengths and \ninternal-gas-pressure-induced plastic deformation. We \nexplain these phenomena by comparing material dimensions \nand morphologies measured by electron microscopy to Monte \nCarlo simulations. We used both SRIM [48] for ion-range \nprediction and irradiation of materials in 3D (IM3D) [49] to \nconsider ion leakage effects in nanostructures. Furthermore, \nwe have expanded our study to a new nanofabrication method \nfor the production of 3D features through modi\ufb01cation of \nexisting micro- and nano-structures.\n\n\nMethod\n\n\nFigure 1(a) outlines our experimental approach to investigate \nFHIB effects on nanostructures and describes the three-step \nexperimental procedure graphically. First, we used FGIB \nmilling to prepare monocrystalline nanostructures with dif- \nferent geometries and crystal orientations on a TEM grid. \nSecond, we irradiated targeted regions of the nanostructures \nunder various conditions with a FHIB. Finally, we use TEM \nand SEM to observe He+-induced changes to internal and \nexternal morphologies, respectively. This method has \nadvantages in that it provides direct 3D observation of site- \nand nanostructure-speci\ufb01c radiation damage without any \npost-processing of the specimens after ion irradiation. Pre- \nviously, a similar method has been used, but no site- and \nnanostructure-speci\ufb01c damage was presented [50]. Using this \nexperimental method, c-C nanostructures were the primary \nfocus, while nanostructures of c-Si were chosen for compar- \nison as there have already been a number of investigations of \nthe response to c-Si to FHIB irradiation in both bulk and thin \nmembrane forms [32, 51]. Throughout the text we use a \nnumber of variables to correlate material properties (geometry \nand composition) and ion exposure conditions to observed \nchanges in the materials. We have summarized these variables \nin table 1. The supplementary material describes materials \nused, experiments, and measurements in greater detail.\n\n\n2\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 102085, "type": "text", "content": "www.MaterialsViews.com\n\n\n \nwww.advmat.de\n\n\n \nFigure 1 . Schematic of the fabrication route to graphene from aromatic self-\nassembled monolayers (SAMs) on copper substrates: a) Deposition of \nmolecules on a substrate; here, vapor deposition of biphenylthiols (BPT) on\ncopper. b) Formation of a SAM. c) Electron-irradiation-induced crosslinking \nof the BPT SAM into a carbon nanomembrane (CNM). d) Conversion of a CNM into\ngraphene via annealing.\n\n\npresence of two sulfur species on Cu(111) with a branching \nratio between the S2p 3/2 and S2p 1/2 components of 2:1 due to \nthe spin-orbit coupling. A species with the BE of the S2p 3/2 \ncomponent at 162.7 eV (red) contributes to \u223c 80% of the total\n\n\n \n\nintensity showing the formation of thiolates. [ 19 ] The second \ndoublet with the lower BE of 161.2 eV (blue) is characteristic \nfor the formation of copper sul\ufb01 des, [ 20 ] which may result from \nthe partial decomposition of BPT molecules during their vapor\n\n\nFigure 2 . Characterization by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and low\nenergy electron diffraction (LEED) of the conversion of BPT SAMs into \ngraphene on Cu(111): Simulated LEED patterns are presented below the\nexperimental ones as insets. a) Pristine BPT SAM prepared by vapor deposition \non Cu(111) (substrate at RT, evaporation of BPT at 60 \u00b0 C for 2 h). Lower\ninset demonstrates a high magni\ufb01 cation STM image of one of the structural \ndomains of the BPT SAM. b) The same substrate after electron-irradiation (50\neV) with a dose of 50 mC/cm 2 leading to the formation of a CNM. The \ninset shows a high-resolution STM image of the CNM/Cu substrate. c) Formation\nof graphene islands within the CNM after UHV annealing for 15 min \nat 730 \u00b0 C. The lower inset shows a superstructure of graphene with Cu(111)\nimaged within these islands. d) Complete conversion of the CNM into \ngraphene after annealing for 2 h at 800 \u00b0 C (for details see text). The lower\ninset shows a superstructure of graphene with Cu(111), the atomic structure \nof graphene is shown in (e). f) Raman spectrum ( \u03bb = 633 nm) of the formed\ngraphene sheet on Cu(111).\n\n\nAdv. Mater. 2013, 25, 4146\u20134151\n\n\n \n\u00a9 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim\n\n\n \nwileyonlinelibrary.com 4147\n\n\n \nCOMMUNICATION\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3330384, "type": "text", "content": "More Ef\ufb01cient and Accurate Simulations of Primary Radiation Damage. .\n\n\n \n13\n\n\n \n\n# .\n\n\nFig. 8 Illustration of the nano-energetic effect. (a, b) The difference\nbetween IM3D-1 and IM3D- \n2 is that the former adopts the bulk energy thresholds, while the latter\nadopts half values of the \nbulk thresholds. Figure reprinted from (Li et al. 2015) with permission. (c)\nDependence of the \ndisplacement energy on the carbon nanotube diameter (Krasheninnikov and\nNordlund 2010)\n\n\nless prominent when the size of nanowire increases. The reader is referred to\nthe \nsupplementary document in Ref. (Li et al. 2017) for more details about this\nnano- \nenergetic effect. Another example is shown in Fig. 8c, where researchers found \nthe displacement energy of carbon nanotubes has a dependence on the diameter \n(Krasheninnikov and Nordlund 2010).\n\n\n \n\nAlthough the nano-beam and nano-target effects can be simulated conveniently\nin \nfull-3D simulation codes such as IM3D, the nano-energetic effect requires\ncorrected \nphysical parameters usually obtained by MD/DFT simulations. It is recommended \nto consider the nano-energetic effect when the characteristic length of the\ntarget \nis below 20 nm, as the thermodynamic properties vary less sensitively with\nobject \nsizes above 20 nm (Li et al. 2015 and 2017).\n\n\n \n\nIn addition to the three nanosized effects above, researchers also found an\n\u201cedge- \nattenuation\u201d effect and a \u201csurface roughness\u201d effect that require full-3D\nsimulations, \nalthough their beam/target sizes or surface features are comparatively large.\nThe \n\u201cedge-attenuation\u201d effect should be considered when the edge of the target is \nimportant during a traditional bulk-scale experiment. Figure 9 shows an\nexample \n(Yang et al. 2018a). Because ion radiation has very limited penetration\ncapability, \none has to perform small-scale mechanical experiments to understand the\nradiation \nhardening effect of ion irradiated samples. Researchers \ufb01rst irradiated a 5 \u03bcm\nthick \nCu thin \ufb01lm by 1.1 MeV protons and then used a focused ion beam (FIB) to cut \na small pillar at the edge for small-scale mechanical experiments, as\nillustrated \nin Fig. 9a. It is vital for the pillar to have a uniform distribution of\nradiation \ndamage. However, a full-3D simulation performed in IM3D revealed that there is \nan \u201cedge attenuation\u201d of radiation damage along the x axis from the inner to\nthe \nedge. Therefore, one should remove the top (i.e., from the x = 0 to 400 nm) to\navoid \nuneven radiation dose distributions in the pillar. This is an absolutely\ncritical \ufb01nding \nfor those undertaking microscale compression pillar irradiation experiments,\nas\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Assuming each electron-irradiation dose takes a fixed time, and the entire irradiation process required exposes the sample to 3000 electrons per 1 nm², how would doubling the electron dose affect the irradiation time frame and the material characteristics?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 266, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["numerical reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 3575711, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='240' style='font-size:14px'>Preprint</header>\n<p id='241' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>constraints:</p>\n<p id='242' data-category='equation'>$$\\begin{array}{c l c r}{{a_{\\mathrm{min}}\\leq\\\|a(\\mathbf{t})\\\|_{2}\\leq a_{\\mathrm{max}},}}\\\\ {{\\\|a(\\mathbf{t})\\\|_{2}\\cos\\theta_{\\mathrm{max}}\\leq\\hat{n}^{\\mathsf{T}}a(\\mathbf{t}),}}\\end{array}$$</p>\n<br><p id='243' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>where 0 < amin < amax are the acceleration bounds and<br>\u03b8max (0\u00b0, 180\u00b0] is the maximum angle by which the<br>\u2208<br>acceleration vector is allowed to deviate from the \u201cup\u201d<br>direction.</p>\n<br><p id='244' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Finally, obstacles are modeled as three-dimensional el-<br>lipsoidal keep-out zones, described by the following non-<br>convex constraints:</p>\n<p id='245' data-category='equation'>$$\\\|H_{j}{\\bigl(}r(\\mathbf{t})-c_{j}{\\bigr)}\\\|_{2}\\geq1,\\quad j=1,\\cdot\\cdot,n_{\\mathrm{obs}},$$</p>\n<p id='246' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(cid:1) S3 de\ufb01nes<br>(cid:0) R3 denotes the center, and Hj<br>where cj<br>++<br>\u2208 \u2208<br>the size and shape of the j-th obstacle. Note that the<br>formulation allows the obstacles to intersect.</p>\n<br><p id='247' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Using the above equations, we wish to solve the fol-<br>lowing free \ufb01nal time optimal control problem that min-<br>imizes control energy:</p>\n<br><p id='248' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(112a)</p>\n<br><p id='249' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>TABLE 2 Algorithm parameters for the quadrotor<br>obstacle avoidance example.</p>\n<p id='250' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(112b)</p>\n<caption id='251' style='font-size:20px'>(113)</caption>\n<p id='252' data-category='equation'>$$\\begin{array}{c}{{\\displaystyle\\mathrm{min}\\displaystyle\\int_{0}^{t_{f}}\\Big\|\|a(\\bf t\\cdot)\|\|^{2}\\!\\mathrm{d}\\sf t}}\\\\ {{\\displaystyle\\Omega,\\Large t_{f}\\quad\\displaystyle\\left(100\\right)_{-}\\left(113\\right).}}\\end{array}$$</p>\n<br><p id='253' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Due to the presence of nonconvex state constraints<br>(113), only embedded LCvx applies to the above prob-<br>lem. In particular, LCvx can be used to handle the non-<br>convex input lower bound in (112a) along with the tilt<br>constraint in (112b). This removes some of the noncon-<br>vexity. However, it is only a partial convexi\ufb01cation which<br>still leaves behind a nonconvex optimal control problem.<br>Thus, we must resort to SCP techniques for the solution.</p>\n<br><caption id='254' style='font-size:20px'>(114a)</caption>\n<br><caption id='255' style='font-size:20px'>(114b)</caption>\n<h1 id='256' style='font-size:20px'>SCvx Formulation</h1>\n<br><p id='257' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>We begin by demonstrating how SCvx can be used to<br>solve Problem 114. To this end, we describe how the<br>problem can be cast into the template of Problem 39.<br>Once this is done, the rest of the solution process is<br>completely automated by the mechanics of the SCvx al-<br>gorithm as described in the previous section. To make<br>the notation lighter, we will omit the argument of time<br>whenever possible.</p>\n<br><figure><img id='258' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"Problem parameters:\ntf ,min 0.0 s min \ufb01nal time\ntf ,max 2.5 s max \ufb01nal time\ng 9.81 m s\u2212 2 gravity\namin 0.6 m s\u2212 2 min acceleration\namax 23.2 m s\u2212 2 max acceleration\nmax 60 \u00b0 max tilt angle\nc1 (1, 2, 0) m center of obstacle 1\n\u03b8 c2 (2, 5, 0) m center of obstacle 2\nH1 diag(2, 2, 0) m\u2212 1 shape of obstacle 1\nH2 diag(1.5, 1.5, 0) m\u2212 1 shape of obstacle 2\nr0 (0, 0, 0) m initial position vector\nv0 (0, 0, 0) m s\u2212 1 initial velocity vector\nrf (2.5, 6, 0) m \ufb01nal position vector\nvf (0, 0, 0) m s\u2212 1 \ufb01nal velocity vector\nAlgorithm parameters:\nSCvx GuSTO\nN 30 30\nq \u221e \u221e\n\u02c6 q \u221e \u221e\nP (48) (48)\nh (71)\n30\n\u03bb 104, 109\n0, max\n\u03bb 1 10\n\u03bb 0, \u03bb 1 10\u2212 3, 10 10\u2212 3, 10\n\u03b7 0, 1, 2 0, 0.1, 0.7 0.1, 0.9,\n\u2212\n\u03b7 sh, \u03b7 gr 2, 2 2, 2\n\u03c1 fail \u03c1 \u03c1 5\n\u03b2 \u03b2 0.8\nk \u03b3 6\n\u2217\n\u00b5 0 0\nr 0 0\n\u03b5\" data-coord=\"top-left:(611,183); bottom-right:(1112,990)\" /></figure>\n<p id='259' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Let us begin by de\ufb01ning the state and input vectors.<br>For the input vector, note that the nonconvex input con-<br>straints in (112) can be convexi\ufb01ed via embedded LCvx.<br>In particular, the relaxation used for Problem 10 can<br>losslessly convexify both input constraints by introduc-<br>ing a slack input \u03c3 R and rewriting (112) as:</p>\n<br><p id='260' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>\u2208</p>\n<br><p id='261' data-category='equation'>$$\\begin{array}{c}{{a_{\\mathrm{min}}\\leq\\sigma\\leq a_{\\mathrm{max}},}}\\\\ {{\\left\\\|a\\right\\\|_{2}\\leq\\sigma,}}\\\\ {{\\sigma\\cos\\theta_{\\mathrm{max}}\\leq\\dot{n}^{\\dagger}a,}}\\end{array}$$</p>\n<br><p id='262' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>where (115b) is the familiar LCvx equality constraint.<br>Thus, we can de\ufb01ne the following state and \u201caugmented\u201d</p>\n<br><p id='263' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u03b5</p>\n<p id='264' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>input vectors:</p>\n<br><p id='265' data-category='equation'>$$x=\\left[r_{\\mathrm{r}}\\right]\\in\\mathbb{R}^{6},\\quad u=\\left[a\\right]\\in\\mathbb{R}^{4}.$$</p>\n<br><p id='266' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Next, we have to deal with the fact that Problem 39<br>uses normalized time t [0, 1], while Problem 114 uses<br>\u2208<br>absolute time t [0, tf ]. To reconcile the two quanti-<br>\u2208 R.<br>ties, we use a one-dimensional parameter vector p<br>\u2208<br>The parameter de\ufb01nes a time dilation such that the<br>following relation holds:</p>\n<p id='267' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(115a)</p>\n<br><p id='268' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(115b)</p>\n<br><p id='269' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(115c)</p>\n<br><p id='270' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>from which it follows that p tf . In absolute time, the<br>\u2261<br>dynamics are given directly by writing (109) in terms<br>of (116), which gives a set of time-invariant \ufb01rst-order<br>ordinary di\ufb00erential equations:</p>\n<br><p id='271' data-category='equation'>$$\\mathbf{t}=p t,$$</p>\n<p id='272' data-category='equation'>$$f(x,u)=\\left[a-g\\hat{n}\\right]$$</p>\n<br><caption id='273' style='font-size:20px'>(116)</caption>\n<caption id='274' style='font-size:20px'>(117)</caption>\n<p id='275' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>.</p>\n<br><caption id='276' style='font-size:20px'>(118)</caption>\n<footer id='277' style='font-size:16px'>49</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3180124, "type": "text", "content": "and\n\n\n \n\n$$c(w^{j},N_{f})=\\frac{N_{f}}{2}w^{j}-1$$\n\n\n \n\nProof: To demonstrate stability, the Lyapunov function de\ufb01ned \nin (5) both before (V ) and after (V +) the impulse is used.\n\n\n \n\n(7) provides insight on how admissible maneuvers may be \ngenerated. Let\n\n\n \n\n(9)\n\n\n$$V=\\frac{1}{2}\\sum_{i\\in{\\mathcal{M}}}\\delta{\\bar{e}}^{i}\\cdot\\delta{\\bar{e}}^{i}+\\frac{1}{2}\\sum_{j\\in{\\mathcal{Q}}}\\delta{\\bar{e}}^{j}\\cdot\\delta{\\bar{e}}^{j}$$\n\n\n \n\n$$V^{+}=\\frac{1}{2}\\sum_{i\\in\\mathcal{M}}\\delta\\bar{e}^{i,+}\\cdot\\delta\\bar{e}^{i,+}+\\frac{1}{2}\\sum_{j\\in\\mathcal{Q}}\\delta\\bar{e}^{j,+}\\cdot\\delta\\bar{e}^{j,+}$$\n\n\n \n\nThe relationship between \u03b4\u00afe, \u03b4\u00afe+, and \u2206 \u00af\u0153 can be found \nusing the de\ufb01nition of the formation barycenter in Eq. (1) \nand the instantaneous differential mean orbit element error in \nEq. (4) for both maneuvering and quiescent spacecraft. For \nmaneuvering spacecraft it can be shown that,\n\n\n \n\n$$\\delta{\\bar{e}}^{i,+}=\\delta{\\bar{e}}^{i}-\\Delta\\bar{\\Omega}^{i}+\\sum_{p\\in{\\cal\nM}}w^{p}\\Delta\\bar{\\Omega}^{p}$$\n\n\n \n\nSimilarly, for the quiescent spacecraft a similar relation can \nbe formulated:\n\n\n \n\n$$\\delta{\\bar{e}}^{j,+}=\\delta{\\bar{e}}^{j}+\\sum_{p\\in\\mathcal{M}}w^{p}\\Delta\\Omega^{p}$$\n\n\n \n\nSubstituting \u03b4\u00afej,+ and \u03b4\u00afej,+ into the relation for V +, com- \nputing V + \u2212 V \u2264 0, and engaging in signi\ufb01cant algebraic \nmanipulation, the following form can be obtained:\n\n\n \n\n$$V^{+}-V=\\sum_{i\\in{\\mathcal{N}}}\\left\\\\{\\frac12\\left(1-2w^{i}+N_{f}(w^{i})^{2}\\right)\\Delta\\bar{\\Omega}^{i}\\cdot\\Delta\\bar{\\Omega}^{i}$$\n\n\n \n\n$$-\\left(\\delta\\bar{e}^{i}-w^{i}\\sum_{j\\in\\mathcal{F}}\\delta\\bar{e}^{j}\\right)\\cdot\\Delta\\bar{\\Omega}^{i}$$\n\n\n \n\n$$\\left.+w^{i}\\right\|_{j\\not=i\\in{\\cal\nM}}\\left(w^{j}\\,\\frac{N_{f}}{2}-1\\right)\\Delta\\bar{\\Omega}\\bar{\\Omega}^{j}\\right]^{.}\\left.\\Delta\\bar{\\Omega}^{i}\\right\\\\}$$\n\n\n \n\nFor the Lyapunov error function (5) to strictly decrease, it is \nsuf\ufb01cient to require that V + \u2212 V \u2264 0. Using the de\ufb01nition of \nk(wi, Nf ) given in (8) and c(wj, Nf ) given in (9), the \ufb01nal \nform of the suf\ufb01cient condition for Lyapunov stability shown \nin (7) is obtained.\n\n\n \n\n(cid:50)\n\n\nRemark 1: Control Law Agnosticism\n\n\n \n\nFrom inspection of the suf\ufb01ciency condition in Lemma 1 for \nstability with multiple simultaneous impulsive maneuvers in \na distributed mean orbit element spacecraft formation, it can \nbe seen that (7) is independent of any control policy used \nby individual spacecraft. Rather, (7) should be considered a \nconservative constraint on control policies implemented on \nindividual spacecraft in scenarios where formation stability is \ndesirable.\n\n\nThe form of (7) is, in general, a quadratic inequality \nwith respect to \u2206 \u00af\u0153i and \u2206 \u00af\u0153j. A matrix representation of\n\n\n \n\n(cid:2) \u00af\u01531)T \u00b7 \u00b7 \u00b7 (\u2206 \u00af\u0153i)T \u00b7 \u00b7 \u00b7 (\u2206 \u00af\u0153Nm)T (cid:3)\n\n\n \n\n# zT = (\u2206\n\n\n \n\n$$\\mathrm{A}_{i j}\\stackrel{.}{=}\\left\\\\{\\begin{array}{c\nc}{{k\\Big(u^{i},\\Lambda_{f}\\Big)\\sharp}}&{{\\mathrm{i}\\slash{\\stackrel{.}{\\slash}\\Big=\\emptyset}\\strut}}\\\\\\\n{{2u^{i}c\\Big(u^{j},\\Lambda_{f}\\Big)\\sharp}}&{{\\mathrm{i}\\rlap/\\Big/\\Big.\\stackrel{.}{\\slash}\\stackrel{.}{\\slash}\\Big.}}\\end{array}\\right.$$\n\n\n \n\n$${\\bf A}=\\left[\\begin{array}{c c c c c c}{{\\vdots}}&{{}}&{{}}&{{}}&{{}}\\\\\\\n{{}}&{{}}&{{\\vdots}}&{{}}&{{}}&{{}}\\\\\\ {{{\\bf\nA}_{i1}}}&{{}}&{{}}&{{}}&{{}}&{{}}\\\\\\ {{}}&{{}}&{{\\vdots}}&{{}}&{{}}&{{}}\\\\\\\n{{}}&{{}}&{{}}&{{\\vdots}}&{{}}&{{}}\\\\\\\n{{}}&{{}}&{{}}&{{}}&{{}}&{{}}\\end{array}\\right]$$\n\n\n \n\n$${\\bf b}_{i}=\\delta\\bar{e}^{i}-w^{i}\\sum_{j\\in\\mathcal{I}}\\delta\\bar{e}^{j}$$\n\n\n \n\nThen, (7) may be written as\n\n\n \n\n$${\\frac{1}{2}}\\mathbf{z}^{T}\\mathbf{A}\\mathbf{z}-\\mathbf{b}^{T}\\mathbf{z}\\leq0$$\n\n\n \n\nAs a trivial solution, (7) admits z = 0 (e.g., maneuvers of zero \nmagnitude).\n\n\n \n(10)\n\n\nCorollary 1: Min. Lyapunov Error Solution Existence\n\n\n \n\nA minimum unique Lyapunov error maneuver solution to (7) \nalways exists for a formation F containing Nf spacecraft with \n(cid:80) wi = 1. \nmaneuvering spacecraft i \u2208 M, wi \u2208 [0, 1], \ni\u2208F \nFurther, the minimum Lyapunov error solution can be de- \nscribed by\n\n\n \n\n$$\\mathbf{z}^{}=\\mathbf{A}^{-1}\\mathbf{b}$$\n\n\n \n\nProof: The \ufb01rst and second-order necessary conditions of \noptimality provide a solution to (7) in the form of (11), \nprovided that A\u22121 exists. The existence of A\u22121 is shown \nby demonstrating that every row in A for arbitrary spacecraft \ni (cid:54)= j are linearly independent. The approach here demon- \nstrates this using proof by contradiction. The row blocks \ncorresponding to the ith and jth spacecraft may be written \nas\n\n\n \n(11)\n\n\n$$\\begin{array}{c c c c c c c}{{{\\bf A}_{i}=\\left[\\begin{array}{l l l l l l l\nl l l}{{\\cdot\\cdot}}&{{\\bf A}_{i i}}&{{\\cdot\\cdot}}&{{\\bf A}_{i\nj}}}&{{\\cdot\\cdot}}&{{\\mathbf{A}_{i k}}}&{{\\cdot\\cdot}}\\\\\\\n{{\\mathbf{A}_{j}=\\left[\\begin{array}{l}{{\\cdot\\cdot}}&{{\\mathbf{A}_{j\ni}}}&{{\\cdot\\cdot}}&{{\\mathbf{A}_{j j}}}&{{\\cdot\\cdot}}&{{\\mathbf{A}_{j\nk}}}&{{\\cdot\\cdot}}\\end{array}\\right]}}\\end{array}$$\n\n\n \n\nBecause each A(\u00b7,\u00b7) is a scalar multiplied by an identity matrix, \nif Ai is linearly dependent on Aj, it is simply required that\n\n\n \n\n$$\\begin{array}{c}{{k(w^{\\iota},N_{f})=\\alpha2w^{\\jmath}c(w^{\\iota},N_{f})}}\\\\\\\n{{2w^{\\iota}c(w^{j},N_{f})=\\alpha k(w^{j},N_{f})}}\\\\\\\n{{2w^{\\iota}c(w^{k},N_{f})=\\alpha2w^{j}c(w^{k},N_{f})}}\\end{array}$$\n\n\n \n\nhere, k \u2208 F, k (cid:54)= i, j. It can be seen that for the \ufb01nal \nequality to be true, \u03b1 = wi/wj. Substuting this relationship \nfor \u03b1 in to the \ufb01rst equation reduces to wj = 1. Then, \nwith \u03b1 = wi/wj and wj = 1, the second equation requires \nthat wi = (cid:112)1/Nf . However, this is not possible, because \n(cid:80) wi = 1 where wi \u2208 [0, 1]. Thus, the rows cannot \ni\u2208F \npossibly be linearly dependant on one another and must \ntherefor be linearly independent. If this is the case for any \narbitrary combination of rows, then all the rows of A are \nlinearly independent, and A\u22121 exists. Thus, a unique z\u2217 always\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 147302, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='81' style='font-size:18px'>513</header>\n<br><h1 id='82' style='font-size:18px'>On Quasi-Gasdynamic System of Equations</h1>\n<br><h1 id='83' style='font-size:18px'>Here the term \u03a0ij\u2202iuj has the form</h1>\n<p id='84' data-category='equation'>$$\\begin{array}{c}{{I_{i j}\\partial_{i}u_{j}=2\\mu\\bar{\\Pi}_{i j}\\mathrm{D}_{i j}+\\left(\\lambda-\\frac23\\mu\\right)(\\mathrm{div}{\\bf u})^{2}}}\\\\ {{}}&{{+\\tau\\left\\{\\rho(\\bf u}\\nabla){\\bf u}\\cdot\\bar{\\bf u}+\\left(\\bf v_{c}^{2}\\operatorname{div}{\\bf u}-(\\gamma_{Q}-1)Q\\right\|\\operatorname{div}{\\bf u}\\right\\}.}}\\end{array}$$</p>\n<br><h1 id='85' style='font-size:18px'>Theorem 1. For the above generalized QGD system, the equation of entropy<br>balance</h1>\n<br><p id='86' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Dts = div (\u2212q/\u03b8) + \u039e/\u03b8<br>holds, where the entropy production 1 \u039e is expressed by formulas<br>\u03b8</p>\n<p id='87' data-category='equation'>$$\\begin{array}{l}{{\\Xi=\\Xi_{N S,0}+\\frac{\\rho}{\\tau}\|\\hat{\\Psi}\|^{2}+\\frac{\\tau p\\rho}{\\rho}[\\mathrm{div}(\\rho u)]^{2}}}\\\\ {{{}~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~}}{{\\cal~~~~~~~~~~~~~}}}\\\\ {{}}&{{{~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~}{{{{{{{-}}}}}}}}}}\\\\ {{{{{{{{{{-}}}}}}}}}\\\\ {{{{{G_{\\Psi}}}}}}}\\\\ {{{{{{{{{{\\cal~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~$$</p>\n<br><caption id='88' style='font-size:18px'>(2.14)</caption>\n<p id='89' data-category='equation'>$$\\Xi_{N S,0}=2\\mu\\Pi\\mathrm{i}\\mathrm{j}\\mathrm{j}\\mathrm{j}\\mathrm{i}\\mathrm{j}\\mathrm{~}+\\left(\\lambda-{\\frac{2}{3}}\\mu\\right)(\\mathrm{div}{\\bf u})^{2}+{\\frac{\\mathcal{Z}}{\\theta}}\|\\nabla\\theta\|^{2}\\stackrel{<}{\\sim}0\\ f o r\\;n=1,2,3.\\ \\ \\mathrm{~(int)}$$</p>\n<br><caption id='90' style='font-size:18px'>(2.15)</caption>\n<h1 id='91' style='font-size:18px'>The entropy production can be expressed also by formulas</h1>\n<br><p id='92' data-category='equation'>$$\\begin{array}{c}{{\\Xi=\\Xi_{N S,0}+\\frac{\\rho}{\\tau}\|\\hat{\\Phi}\|^{2}+\\frac{\\tau}{\\rho C_{s}^{2}}\\Big(\\rho C_{s}^{2}\\;\\mathrm{div}\\mathbf{u}+\\mathbf{u}\\nabla p-\\frac{(\\gamma Q-1)Q}{2}\\Big)^{2}}}\\\\ {{\\ \\ \\ \\ \\ +\\frac{\\tau\\rho\\theta}{c_{p}}\\Big(\\mathbf{u}\\nabla s-\\frac{Q}{2\\rho\\theta}\\Big)^{2}+Q\\Big(1-\\frac{\\tau Q}{4\\rho\\theta\\varepsilon_{\\theta}}\\Big)}}\\end{array}$$</p>\n<br><caption id='93' style='font-size:18px'>(2.16)</caption>\n<h1 id='94' style='font-size:18px'>and (2.15) provided that p\u03c1 > 0. Under the condition</h1>\n<br><p id='95' data-category='equation'>$$\\frac{\\tau Q}{4\\rho\\theta\\varepsilon_{\\theta}}\\leqslant1,$$</p>\n<br><caption id='96' style='font-size:18px'>(2.17)</caption>\n<p id='97' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>the entropy production is non-negative: 1\u03b8 \u039e (cid:62) 0 for n = 1, 2, 3.</p>\n<h1 id='98' style='font-size:18px'>Proof. The proof comprises several steps.</h1>\n<br><p id='99' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>1. In steps 1\u20133, in the viscous stress tensor \u03a0 we consider the term \u03b3pp div u<br>2 div u. First, in<br>with the coe\ufb03cient \u03b3p = \u03b3p(\u03c1, \u03b8) of general form instead of \u03c1C s<br>a standard manner we write that</p>\n<br><p id='100' data-category='equation'>$$D_{t}s=\\frac{1}{\\theta}\\left(p D_{t}\\frac{1}{\\rho}+D_{t}\\varepsilon\\right)=\\frac{1}{\\theta}\\left[p\\operatorname{div}(\\mathbf{u}-\\mathbf{w})+D_{t}\\varepsilon\\right]=\\operatorname{div}\\left(-\\frac{\\mathbf{q}}{\\theta}\\right)+\\frac{1}{\\theta}\\Xi\\left(-\\frac{\\mathbf{q}}{\\theta}-\\frac{\\mathbf{q}}{\\theta}\\right)+\\frac{1}{\\theta}\\Xi\\left(-\\frac{\\mathbf{q}}{\\theta}-\\frac{\\mathbf{q}}{\\theta}\\right)+\\frac{1}{\\theta}\\Xi\\left(-\\frac{\\mathbf{q}}{\\theta}-\\frac{\\mathbf{q}}{\\theta}\\right)+\\frac{1}{\\theta}$$</p>\n<br><p id='101' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>with the help of the Gibbs formulas (2.8) and the internal energy balance<br>equation (2.12), where</p>\n<br><p id='102' data-category='equation'>$$\\Xi=\\frac{1}{\\theta}(-{\\bf q})\\nabla\\theta+I_{i j}\\partial_{i}u_{j}+{\\bf w}\\nabla p-\\rho\\hat{\\bf w}\\cdot{\\bf F}+Q.$$</p>\n<br><h1 id='103' style='font-size:18px'>We use formulas (2.13) and (2.10). Since</h1>\n<br><p id='104' data-category='equation'>$$(\\rho\\mathbf{u}\\nabla)\\mathbf{u\\cdot{\\hat{\\mathbf{w}}}}+\\mathbf{w}\\nabla p-\\rho{\\hat{\\mathbf{w}}}\\cdot\\mathbf{F}={\\frac{\\rho}{\\tau}}\|{\\hat{\\mathbf{w}}}\|^{2}+\\tau\\left({\\frac{1}{\\rho}}\\mathbf{u}\\nabla\\rho+\\operatorname{div}\\mathbf{u}\\right)\\mathbf{u}\\nabla p$$</p>\n<footer id='105' style='font-size:14px'>Math. Model. Anal., 16(4):509\u2013526, 2011.</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3043584, "type": "text", "content": " \n\n$$\\Omega(q,\\dot{q})=H(p)\\left[\\begin{array}{l l l\nl}{{\\Omega_{11}}}&{{\\Omega_{12}}}&{{\\Omega_{13}}}&{{\\Omega_{14}}}&{{\\Omega_{15}}}\\\\\\\n{{\\Omega_{21}}}&{{\\Omega_{22}}}&{{\\Omega_{23}}}&{{\\Omega_{24}}}&{{\\Omega_{25}}}\\end{array}\\right]$$\n\n\nThe known parameter version of the Slotine-Li con- \ntroller (35) may be parameterized as \u03b2(q, q, \u03b8, t) := \n\u02d9 \nW (q, q, t)S(\u03b8) + K1s, with the matrix \n\u02d9\n\n\n \n\nwhere \u212611 = p \u02d9q1, \u212612 = p cos(q2)(2 \u02d9q1 + \u02d9q2), \u212613 = p \u02d9q2, \n\u212614 = \u212624 = g cos(q1 + q2), \u212615 = g cos(q1), \u212621 = \u212625 = 0, \n\u212622 = p cos(q2) \u02d9q1 + sin(q2)( \u02d9q2 + \u02d9q1 \u02d9q2) and \u212623 = p( \u02d9q1 + \u02d9q2). \n1\n\n\n$$W(q,\\dot{q},t):=\\left[\\begin{array}{c c c\nc}{{W_{11}}}&{{W_{12}}}&{{W_{13}}}&{{W_{14}}}&{{W_{15}}}\\\\\\\n{{W_{21}}}&{{W_{22}}}&{{W_{23}}}&{{W_{24}}}&{{W_{25}}}\\end{array}\\right],$$\n\n\n \n\nwith W11 = \u00a8qr1, W12 = cos(q2)(2\u00a8qr1+\u00a8qr2)\u2212sin(q2)( \u02d9q2 \u02d9qr1+ \n( \u02d9q1 + \u02d9q2) \u02d9qr2), W13 = \u00a8qr2, W14 = W24 = \u212614, W15 = \u212615, \nW21 = W25 = \u212621, W22 = cos(q2)\u00a8qr1 + sin(q2) \u02d9q1 \u02d9qr1 and \nW23 = \u00a8qr1 + \u00a8qr2, where qr and s are de\ufb01ned in (36). In \n\u02d9 \nits standard version (Slotine and Li, 1988), to get a linear \nparametrization, the adaptive implementation is obtained \n\u02d9 \u02c6S, t) := \nestimating the vector S := S(\u03b7), yielding \u03b2(q, q, \n\u02d9 qr, \u00a8qr) \u02c6S + K1s. The parameter estimator is given \nW (q, q, \n\u02d9 \n\u02d9 \n\u02c6 := \u2212\u0393W (cid:62)(q, q, t)s, that, as shown in (Ortega et al., \n\u02d9 \nas S \n1998), yields a globally stable closed-loop system and \nensures global tracking of the desired references.\n\n\n \n\nIn the proposed approach we estimate directly \u03b8, that is, \n\u02d9 \u02c6\u03b8, t) := W (q, q, qr, \u00a8qr)S(\u02c6\u03b8) + \nthe adaptive control is \u03b2(q, q, \n\u02d9 \n\u02d9 \nK1s, with the parameter estimator (10), (14), (33) and\n\n\n1232\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 854891, "type": "text", "content": "CONFORMAL DEFORMATIONS PRESERVING THE GAUSS MAP 365\n\n\n \n\n# By (2.8) we get\n\n\n \n\n$$\\begin{array}{l\nl}{{[\\varphi\\,]=(\\nabla_{\\omega}\\omega)(\\varphi)-(\\nabla_{\\omega}\\omega)(\\varphi)}}\\\\\\\n{{{}}}&{{=\\langle\\nabla_{\\omega}\\omega\\,,\\,\\omega\\rangle\\omega(\\varphi)-\\langle\\nabla_{\\omega}\\sigma^{\\prime}\\,,\\,\\omega\\rangle\\omega(\\varphi)}}\\end{array}$$\n\n\n# Thus we must have\n\n\n \n\n$$\\mathcal{v}(\\omega(\\varphi))-\\omega(\\varphi(\\varphi))=0$$\n\n\n \n\n# or, using (2.9),\n\n\n$$o\\left(\\frac{\\omega(\\lambda)}{\\lambda-\\mu}\\right)+\\omega\\left(\\frac{\\it\\varphi(\\mu)}{\\lambda-\\mu}\\right)=0\\,,$$\n\n\n \n\nwhich is equivalent to (2.5). Note that equation (2.5) is invariant \nby change of sign of the vector fields \u03b6, a and w. Thus it is valid \neverywhere on M2.\n\n\n \n\nSuppose now that (2.5) is satisfied on M2. We define the tangent \nvector field\n\n\n \n\n$$\\delta=-2\\langle\\nabla_{\\omega}\\o_{,}\\o_{\\omega}\\o_{,}\\o\\omega\\rangle\\o_{\\omega}\\o_{,}\\o\\omega\\rangle\\o_{\\omega}$$\n\n\n \n\nand observe that \u03b4 does not depend on the unit vector fields \u03be, and \nw satisfying (2.6). Now we define in M2 the 1-form \u03b3 given by\n\n\n \n\n$$(2.11)\\qquad\\qquad\\qquad\\qquad\\gamma(X)=\\langle\\delta\\,,\\,X\\rangle.$$\n\n\n \n\n# Using (2.7) we compute\n\n\n$$\\begin{array}{r\nl}{d\\gamma(\\omega\\,,\\,\\omega)=\\varphi(\\gamma(\\omega))-\\omega(\\gamma(\\omega))-\\gamma(\\nabla_{\\circ}\\omega-\\nabla_{\\omega}\\varphi)}\\\\\\\n{={\\frac{2}{\\lambda-\\mu}}(\\varphi(\\omega(\\lambda))+\\omega(\\varphi(\\mu))}\\\\\\\n{+{\\frac{2}{(\\lambda-\\mu)^{2}}}(\\omega(\\mu)\\omega(\\mu)-\\omega(\\lambda)\\omega(\\lambda)).}\\end{array}$$\n\n\n \n\nBy (2.5) the 1-form \u03b3 is closed. Since M2 is simply connected, there \nexists \u03c6: M2 \u2014\u2022 E such that V9? = \u03b4, that is,\n\n\n \n\n$$(2.12)\\qquad\\qquad\\qquad\\varphi(\\varphi)=-2\\langle\\nabla_{\\omega^{\\prime\\prime}},\\omega\\rangle\\,,\\quad\\omega(\\varphi)=-2\\langle\\nabla_{\\varphi}\\omega\\,,\\,\\varphi\\rangle.$$\n\n\n \n\nWe define the tensor field \u0393 by \u0393^ = * and \u0393^ = - ^. Then \u0393 \nis orthogonal, d e t\u0393 = -1 and (1.7) is satisfied. From (2.12) it is \neasy to show that (1.6) is satisfied. By Proposition 1.5, / is G- \ndeformable. D\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 25797, "type": "text", "content": "A Free-Energy Principle for Representation Learning\n\n\nAccording to the quasi-static constraints (16), we have\n\n\n \n\n$$A{\\dot{\\theta}}-{\\dot{\\lambda}}b_{\\lambda}-{\\dot{\\gamma}}b_{\\gamma}=0,$$\n\n\n \n\n# that implies\n\n\n$$\\dot{\\theta}=A^{-1}b_{\\lambda}\\,\\dot{\\lambda}+A^{-1}b_{\\gamma}\\,\\dot{\\gamma}=\\theta_{\\lambda}\\dot{\\lambda}+\\theta_{\\gamma}\\dot{\\gamma}.$$\n\n\n \n(32)\n\n\n# D. Computation of Iso-classi\ufb01cation constraint\n\n\n \n\ndz e(z\|x) log c(y\|z)(cid:3) = \nWe start with computing the gradient of classi\ufb01cation loss, clear that C =\nEx\u223cp(x) (cid:2)\u2212 (cid:82) \n\u2212 Ex\u223cp(x) (cid:104)(cid:96)(cid:105), where (cid:96) = log c\u03b8(yx\|z) is the\nlogarithm of the classi\ufb01cation loss, then\n\n\n$$\\textstyle{\\frac{\\mathrm{d}^{3}}{\\mathrm{d}t}}$$\n\n\n$$\\begin{array}{l}{{\\frac{\\partial}{\\partial\\gamma}C=-\\frac{\\partial}{\\partial\\gamma}\\\n_{x-p(x)}\\left[\\frac{1}{Z_{\\theta,x}}\\int\\ell\\,\\exp(-H)\\,\\mathrm{d}z\\right]}}\\\\\\\n{{=-\\frac{\\mathrm{E}}{x-p(x)}\\left[-\\frac{1}{Z_{\\theta,x}}\\left(\\int-\\frac{\\partial\nH}{\\partial\\lambda}\\,\\exp(-H)\\,\\mathrm{d}z\\right)\\left(\\int\\ell\\,\\exp(-H)\\,\\mathrm{d}z\\right)-\\frac{1}{Z_{\\theta,x}}\\int\\ell\\,\\frac{\\partial\nH}{\\partial\\gamma}\\,\\exp(-H)\\,\\mathrm{d}z\\right)}}\\\\\\\n{{=-\\frac{\\mathrm{E}}{x-p(x)}\\left[\\left(\\frac{\\partial\nH}{\\partial\\gamma}\\right)(\\ell)-\\left\\langle\\ell\\,\\frac{\\partial\nH}{\\partial\\gamma}\\right\\rangle(\\ell)-\\left\\langle\\ell\\,\\frac{\\partial\nH}{\\partial\\gamma}\\right\\rangle\\right].}}\\end{array}$$\n\n\n \n\nThe iso-classi\ufb01cation loss constrains together with quasi-static constrains\nimply that:\n\n\n$$\\begin{array}{l}{\\scriptstyle1\\ =\\frac{\\alpha}{\\alpha}C}\\\\\\\n{=\\left.\\theta^{\\tau}\\nabla_{\\rho}C+\\lambda\\frac{\\partial\nC}{\\partial\\lambda}+\\dot{\\rho}\\frac{\\partial C}{\\partial\\gamma}}\\\\\\\n{\\scriptstyle=\\left.\\frac{\\partial}{\\partial\\left(\\theta_{\\lambda}^{\\tau}\\nabla_{\\rho}C+\\frac{\\partial\nC}{\\partial\\lambda}\\right)+\\dot{\\gamma}\\left(\\theta_{\\gamma}^{\\tau}\\nabla_{\\rho}U\\right)+\\dot{\\gamma}\\left(\\theta_{\\nu}^{\\tau}\\nabla_{\\rho}U\\right)+\\left(\\theta_{\\rho}^{\\prime}\\nabla_{\\rho}U\\right)+\\left(\\theta_{\\rho}^{\\left(\\eta\\right)\\right)-\\left(\\theta_{\\sigma}^{\\left(\\eta\\right)\\left(\\eta\\right)\\right)+\\left(\\theta_{\\rho}^{\\left(\\eta\\right)\\right)\\left(\\eta\\right)\\left(\\theta_{\\rho}^{\\left(\\eta\\right)\\right)\\right)\\left(\\right)+\\left(\\theta_{\\left(\\eta\\right)\\left(\\theta_{\\left(\\right)\\right)\\right)\\right)\\right)}\\right)-\\right)}}}}}\\end{array}$$\n\n\n \n\nwhere the third equation is followed by the equilibrium dynamics (17) for\nparameters \u03b8. So far we developed the constrained \ndynamics for iso-classi\ufb01cation process:\n\n\n$$\\begin{array}{l l}{{0=C_{\\lambda}\\dot{\\lambda}+C_{\\gamma}\\dot{\\gamma}}}\\\\\\\n{{\\dot{\\theta}=\\theta_{\\lambda}\\dot{\\lambda}+\\theta_{\\gamma}\\dot{\\gamma}.}}\\end{array}$$\n\n\n \n(33)\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 25798, "type": "text", "content": "A Free-Energy Principle for Representation Learning\n\n\n \n\n# E. Iso-classi\ufb01cation equations for changing data distribution\n\n\nIn this section we analyze the dynamics for iso-classi\ufb01cation loss process\nwhen the data distribution evolves with time. \n\u2202p(x) \nwill lead to additional terms that represent the partial derivatives with\nrespect to t on both the quasi-static and \n\u2202t \niso-classi\ufb01cation constrains. More precisely, the new terms are\n\n\n \n\n$$\\begin{array}{c}{{b_{t}=-\\frac{\\partial}{\\partial\nt}\\nabla_{\\theta}J=-\\int\\frac{\\dot{\\partial}p(x)}{\\partial\nt}\\left\\langle\\nabla_{\\theta}H\\right\\rangle\\mathrm{d}x;}}\\\\\\\n{{\\frac{\\dot{\\partial}}{\\partial t}C=-\\int\\frac{\\dot{\\partial}p(x)}{\\partial\nt}\\left\\langle\\ell\\right\\rangle\\mathrm{d}x.}}\\end{array}$$\n\n\n \n\nthen the quasi-static and iso-classi\ufb01cation constraints are ready to be\nmodi\ufb01ed as\n\n\n \n\n$$\\begin{array}{l\nl}{{0\\equiv\\frac{\\mathrm{d}}{\\mathrm{d}t}\\nabla_{\\phi}J(\\theta,\\lambda,\\gamma)\\Longleftrightarrow0=\\nabla_{\\phi}^{2}F\\,\\dot{\\theta}+\\lambda\\frac{\\partial\\nabla_{\\phi}F}{\\partial\\lambda}+\\dot{\\gamma}\\frac{\\partial\\nabla_{\\phi}F}{\\partial\\gamma}+\\frac{\\partial\\nabla_{\\phi}F}{\\partial\nt}}}\\\\\\\n{{\\Longleftrightarrow\\dot{\\theta}=\\dot{\\lambda}\\,A^{-1}\\,b_{\\lambda}+\\dot{\\gamma}\\,A^{-1}\\,b_{\\gamma}+\\frac{\\partial\nC}{\\partial t}+\\frac{\\partial C}{\\partial\\gamma}+\\frac{\\partial C}{\\partial\nt}}}\\\\\\\n{{\\Longleftrightarrow\\,0=\\dot{\\phi}^{\\dagger}\\,\\nabla_{\\phi}C+\\frac{\\partial\nC}{\\partial\\gamma}+\\dot{\\partial C}+\\frac{\\partial C}{\\partial\\gamma}}}\\\\\\\n{{\\Longleftrightarrow0}}&{{\\Longleftrightarrow0=\\dot{\\lambda}\\,C_{\\lambda}\\,C_{\\phi}+\\dot{\\gamma}\\,C_{\\bullet}\\,+C_{\\chi}\\,u}}\\end{array}$$\n\n\n \n\nwhere A, b\u03bb, b\u03b3, C\u03bb and C\u03b3 where C\u03bb and C\u03b3 are as given in lemma 5 and (21)\nwith the only change being that the outer \nexpectation is taken with respect to x \u223c p(x, t). The new terms that depends\non time t are\n\n\n \n\n$$C_{t}=-\\int\\,\\frac{\\partial p(x,t)}{\\partial\nt}\\,\\langle\\ell\\rangle\\,\\mathrm{d}x-\\operatorname{lim}_{x\\sim\np(x,t)}\\,\\left[\\langle\\theta_{t}^{\\mathsf{T}}\\,\\nabla_{\\theta}H\\rangle\\,\\langle\\ell\\rangle-\\langle\\theta_{t}^{\\mathsf{T}}\\,\\nabla_{\\theta}H\\,\\ell\\rangle+\\langle\\theta_{t}^{\\mathsf{T}}\\,\\nabla_{\\theta}\\ell\\rangle\\right]$$\n\n\n \n(34)\n\n\nwith (cid:96) = log c\u03b8(yxt\|z). We can combine modi\ufb01ed quasi-static and iso-\nclassi\ufb01cation constraints to get\n\n\n \n\n$$\\begin{array}{l}{{\\dot{\\theta}=\\left(\\theta_{\\lambda}-\\frac{C_{\\lambda}}{C_{\\gamma}}\\,\\,\\theta_{\\gamma}\\right)\\dot{\\lambda}+\\left(\\theta_{t}-\\frac{C_{t}}{C_{\\gamma}}\\theta_{\\gamma}\\right)}}\\\\\\\n{{=:\\dot{\\theta}_{\\lambda}\\dot{\\lambda}+\\dot{\\theta}_{t}}}\\end{array}$$\n\n\n \n(35)\n\n\nThis indicates that \u03b8 = \u03b8(\u03bb, t) is a surface parameterized by \u03bb and t,\nequipped with a basis of tangent plane (\u02c6\u03b8\u03bb, \u02c6\u03b8t).\n\n\nF. Optimally transporting the data distribution\n\n\n \n\nWe \ufb01rst give a brief description of the theory of optimal transportation. The\noptimal transport map between the source task \nand the target task will be used to de\ufb01ne a dynamical process for the task. We\nonly compute the transport for the inputs x \nbetween the source and target distributions and use a heuristic to obtain the\ntransport for the labels y. This choice is made \nonly to simplify the exposition; it is straightforward to handle the case of\ntransport on the joint distribution p(x, y).\n\n\n \n\nIf i.i.d samples from the source task are denoted by (cid:8)xs 1, . . . , xs\n(cid:9) (cid:8)xt 1, . . . , xt (cid:9) \nnt the \nns and those of the target distribution are \nempirical source and target distributions can be written as\n\n\n$$p^{s}\\\\!\\left(\\\\!\\\\!\\right)\\equiv\\frac{1}{\\eta_{i}}\\sum_{i=1}\\\\!\\\\!\\\\!\\\\!\\dot{\\hat{\\lambda}}\\\\!\\\\!\\\\!\\\\!\\cdot\\\\!\\\\!\\\\!\\cdot\\\\!\\\\!\\\\!\\slash_{x-x_{i}^{s}},\\mathrm{all}\\\\!\\\\!\\left[\\right.p\\\\!\\\\!\\\\!\\slash^{l}\\\\!\\\\!\\left(\\\\!\\\\!\\slash\\right)\\equiv\\frac{1}{\\eta_{i}}\\sum_{i=1}\\\\!\\\\!\\\\!\\\\!\\\\!\\hat{\\lambda}_{2-x_{i}^{s}}\\\\!\\\\!\\\\!\\cdot\\\\!\\\\!\\\\!\\slash$$\n\n\n \n\nrespectively; here \u03b4x\u2212x(cid:48) is a Dirac delta distribution at x(cid:48).\nSince the empirical data distribution is a sum of a \ufb01nite number of \nDirac measures, this is a discrete optimal transport problem and easy to\nsolve. We can use the Kantorovich relaxation to \ndenote by B the set of probabilistic couplings between the two distributions:\n\n\n \n\n$${\\cal B}=\\left\\\\{\\Gamma\\in\\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n_{s}\\times n_{t}}:\\ \\Gamma{\\bf\nL}_{n_{s}}=p,\\Gamma^{\\top}{\\bf L}_{n_{s}}=q\\right\\\\}$$\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2428726, "type": "text", "content": "240 A. Yakhshimuratov, T. Kriecherbauer, and B. Babajanov\n\n\n5\\. Main result\n\n\n \n\nThe main result of the paper is stated in the theorem below.\n\n\n \n\nTheorem 5.1. Suppose p(x, t), q(x, t) and \u03c8(x, \u03bbk, t) solve problem (2.1)\u2013 \n(2.5) and assume that the function c de\ufb01ned in (4.10) is \u03c0-periodic in x. Then \nthe spectrum of the pencil (2.5) does not depend on t, and the spectral\nparameters \n\u03ben(t), \u03c3n(t), n \u2208 Z \\ {0}, satisfy an analogue of the system of Dubrovin\nequations\n\n\n$$\\begin{array}{c}{{\\dot{\\xi}_{n}(t)=2(-1)^{n}\\sigma_{n}(t)\\,\\mathrm{sign}(n)\\sqrt{(\\xi_{n}(t)-\\lambda_{2n-1})(\\lambda_{2n}-\\xi_{n}(t))}}}\\\\\\\n{{\\times\\sqrt{\\bigl(\\xi_{n}(t)-\\lambda_{-1})(\\xi_{n}(t)-\\lambda_{0})\\prod_{k\\ne\na}\\frac{(\\xi_{n}(t)-\\lambda_{2k-1})(\\xi_{n}(t)-\\lambda_{2k})}{(\\xi_{n}(t)-\\lambda_{k}(t))^{2}}}}\\\\\\\n{{\\times\\Biggl\\\\{\\sum_{k=0}^{N}c_{k}(0,t)\\xi_{n}-\\lambda_{k}}}\\end{array}$$\n\n\n \n(5.1)\n\n\nThe sign \u03c3n(t) = \u00b11 changes at each collision of the point \u03ben(t) with the\nbound- \naries of its gap [\u03bb2n\u22121, \u03bb2n]. Moreover, the following initial conditions are\nful\ufb01lled:\n\n\n \n\n$$\\left.\\xi_{n}(t)\\right\|_{t=0}=\\xi_{n}^{0},\\quad\\sigma_{n}(t)\\right\|_{t=0}=\\sigma_{n}^{0},\\quad\nn\\in Z\\setminus\\\\{0\\\\},$$\n\n\n \n(5.2)\n\n\n \n\nwhere \u03be0 n, \u03c30 n, n \u2208 Z \\ {0} are the spectral parameters of the quadratic\npencil of \nSturm\u2013Liouville equations corresponding to the coe\ufb03cients p0(x) and q0(x).\n\n\n \n\nProof. Let yn(x, t) be the normalized eigenfunction of the Dirichlet problem \nfor equation (2.5) corresponding to the eigenvalue \u03ben = \u03ben(t). It is easy to\nsee \nthat\n\n\n \n\n$$y_{n}(x,t)=\\frac{1}{\\gamma_{n}(t)}s(x,\\xi_{n}(t),t),$$\n\n\n \n(5.3)\n\n\nwhere\n\n\n \n\n$$\\gamma_{n}^{2}(t)=\\int_{0}^{\\pi}s^{2}(x,\\xi_{n}(t),t)\\,d x.$$\n\n\n \n\n# Due to (4.10) and (4.12), we have\n\n\n$$q_{t}+2\\xi_{n}p_{t}=\\frac{1}{2}c^{\\prime\\prime}+2c^{\\prime}(\\xi_{n}^{2}-2p\\xi_{n}-q)-c(2p^{\\prime}\\xi_{n}+q^{\\prime})+G_{2}+2\\xi_{n}G_{1}.$$\n\n\n \n(5.4)\n\n\n$$\\begin{array}{l}{{\\mathrm{Substituting~the~expression~(5.4)~into~(4.3),~we~derive~the~the~toluaity:}}}\\\\\\\n{{\\mathrm{~+}\\displaystyle\\int_{0}^{\\pi}p y_{n}^{2}d\nx\\displaystyle{\\displaystyle\\left(2+2\\xi_{n}G_{1}\\right)y_{n}^{2}d x}}}\\\\\\\n{{\\mathrm{~+}\\displaystyle\\int_{0}^{\\pi}(G_{2}+2\\xi_{n}G_{1})y_{n}^{2}d\nx=I_{1}+J_{2},}}\\end{array}$$\n\n\n \n\nwhere\n\n\n \n\n$${\\cal\nI}_{1}=\\int_{0}^{\\pi}\\left\\\\{\\frac{1}{2}c^{\\prime\\prime}+2c^{\\prime}(\\xi_{n}^{2}-2p\\xi_{n}-q)-c(2p^{\\prime}\\xi_{n}+q^{\\prime})\\right\\\\}y_{n}^{2}\\,d\nx,$$\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1979153, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='93' style='font-size:14px'>and so</h1>\n<br><p id='94' data-category='equation'>$$\\widehat{\\Omega^{s}}=\\dot{\\bf Q}\\mathbf{Q^{T}}=\\dot{\\phi}\\widehat{\\mathbf{E_{1}}}+\\dot{\\theta}\\mathbf{L}(\\phi,\\mathbf{E_{1}})\\widehat{\\mathbf{E_{2}}}\\mathbf{L}(\\phi,\\mathbf{E_{1}})^{T}\\,.$$</p>\n<br><h1 id='95' style='font-size:14px'>Now use the identity</h1>\n<br><h1 id='96' style='font-size:22px'>c\u2126 cE cE</h1>\n<br><p id='97' data-category='equation'>$$\\overline{{{\\mathbf{Qv}}}}=\\mathbf{Q}\\hat{\\mathbf{v}}\\mathbf{Q}^{T}\\,,\\quad\\mathrm{for\\any\\v}\\in\\mathbb{R}^{3}\\,,\\quad{\\mathrm{and\\any\\Q}}\\in\\mathbf{SO}(3)\\,,$$</p>\n<br><h1 id='98' style='font-size:20px'>dQ b</h1>\n<br><h1 id='99' style='font-size:14px'>to arrive at</h1>\n<br><p id='100' data-category='equation'>$$\\begin{array}{l l l}{{\\Omega^{s}}}&{{=}}&{{\\dot{\\phi}\\mathbf{E}_{1}+\\dot{\\theta}\\mathbf{L}(\\phi,\\mathbf{E}_{1})\\mathbf{E}_{2}}}\\\\ {{}}&{{=}}&{{\\dot{\\phi}\\mathbf{E}_{1}+\\dot{\\theta}\\mathbf{a}_{2}}}\\\\ {{}}&{{=}}&{{\\dot{\\phi}\\mathbf{E}_{1}+\\dot{\\theta}(\\cos\\phi\\mathbf{E}_{2}+\\sin\\phi\\mathbf{E}_{3})\\,,}}\\end{array}$$</p>\n<br><h1 id='101' style='font-size:14px'>or in components</h1>\n<br><p id='102' data-category='equation'>$$\\Omega^{s}=\\left(\\stackrel{\\tilde{\\phi}}{\\theta}\\cos\\phi\\right)$$</p>\n<br><p id='103' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>.</p>\n<p id='104' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The body angular velocity and spatial angular velocity are related by</p>\n<br><p id='105' data-category='equation'>$$\\Omega^{b}={\\bf Q}^{T}\\Omega^{s}=\\left(\\begin{array}{l}{{\\tilde{\\phi}\\cos\\theta}}\\\\ {{\\tilde{\\theta}}}\\\\ {{\\hat{\\phi}\\sin\\theta}}\\end{array}\\right)$$</p>\n<br><p id='106' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>.</p>\n<p id='107' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>If we assume that \u03b8 is small then</p>\n<h1 id='108' style='font-size:14px'>and</h1>\n<br><p id='109' data-category='equation'>$$\\Omega^{s}\\approx\\left(\\begin{array}{l}{{\\dot{\\phi}}}\\\\ {{\\phi\\dot{\\theta}}}\\\\ {{\\phi}}\\\\ {{\\phi}}\\\\ {{\\phi}}\\end{array}\\right)~,$$</p>\n<br><p id='110' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>If we further neglect the quadratic terms \u03c6 \u02d9\u03b8 and \u03b8 \u02d9\u03c6 then the angular velocities<br>reduce to</p>\n<br><p id='111' data-category='equation'>$$\\Omega^{s}=\\Omega^{b}={\\binom{\\binom{\\phi}{\\delta}}{\\binom{\\theta}{\\theta}}}$$</p>\n<br><p id='112' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>.</p>\n<p id='113' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>This is the approximation used explicitly by [4] and appears to be implicitly used<br>in [8, 10]. Formalizing this assumption</p>\n<br><p id='114' data-category='equation'>$$\\partial\\approx10\\;\\;\\;\\;\\mathrm{and}\\;\\;\\;\\;\\theta\\approx0\\;.$$</p>\n<br><p id='115' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(DFP-5)</p>\n<br><p id='116' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The assumption \u03c6 \u02d9\u03b8 \u2248 0 implies assumption (DFP-1). However there is an incon-<br>\u02d9 is not assumed to be small! Hence \u2126s is<br>sistency in this assumption in that \u03c6\u03b8<br>3<br>assumed to be small but \u2126b is not assumed to be small.<br>3</p>\n<br><p id='117' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>On the other hand since the aim is to numerically simulate, neither assumption<br>(DFP-1) or assumption (DFP-5) is necessary.</p>\n<footer id='118' style='font-size:14px'>6</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3575712, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='278' style='font-size:14px'>Preprint</header>\n<p id='279' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>For Problem 39, we need to convert the dynamics to<br>normalized time. We do so by applying the chain rule:</p>\n<br><p id='280' data-category='equation'>$${\\frac{\\mathrm{d}x}{\\mathrm{d}t}}={\\frac{\\mathrm{d}x}{\\mathrm{d}t}}{\\frac{\\mathrm{d}t}{\\mathrm{d}t}}=p f(x,u),$$</p>\n<br><p id='281' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(cid:0) (cid:1)<br>which yields the dynamics (39b) in normalized time:</p>\n<br><p id='282' data-category='equation'>$$f(x,u,p)=p f(x,u).$$</p>\n<br><p id='283' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(cid:1) are easy to<br>The convex path constraints (cid:0) (39c)-(39d)<br>write. Although there are no convex state constraints,<br>there are convex \ufb01nal time bounds (110). These can be<br>included as a convex state path constraint (39c), which<br>is mixed in the state and parameter. Using (117), we<br>de\ufb01ne the convex state path constraints as:</p>\n<br><p id='284' data-category='equation'>$$\\chi=\\{(x,p)\\in\\mathbb{R}^{6}\\times\\mathbb{R}:t_{f,\\operatorname{min}}\\leq p\\leq t_{f,\\operatorname{max}}\\}.\\quad(121)$$</p>\n<br><p id='285' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(cid:8) other hand, the convex input constraint set<br>(cid:9)<br>On the<br>U<br>is given by all the input vectors that satisfy (115).</p>\n<br><p id='286' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The nonconvex path constraints (39e) are given by the<br>vector function s : R3 Rnobs, whose elements encode<br>\u2192<br>the obstacle avoidance constraints:</p>\n<br><p id='287' data-category='equation'>$$s_{j}(r)=1-\\\|H_{j}(r-c_{j})\\\|_{2},\\quad j=1,\\cdot\\cdot\\cdot,n_{\\mathrm{obs}}.\\quad(122)$$</p>\n<br><p id='288' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>We will brie\ufb02y mention how to evaluate the Jacobian<br>(44e) for (122). Suppose that a reference position trajec-<br>\u00af 10 is available, and consider the j-th obstacle<br>tory r(t)<br>{ }<br>constraint in (122). The following gradient then allows<br>to evaluate (44e):</p>\n<p id='289' data-category='equation'>$$\\nabla s_{j}(r)=-\\frac{H_{j}^{\\mathsf{T}}H_{j}(r-c_{j})}{\\left\|\|H_{j}(r-c_{j})\|\\right\|_{2}}.$$</p>\n<br><p id='290' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>(cid:13)(cid:13) (39f) and (cid:1)(cid:13) (39g) are obtained<br>(cid:0)<br>The boundary conditions<br>(cid:13)<br>from (111):</p>\n<br><p id='291' data-category='equation'>$$g_{\\mathrm{ic}}\\left(x(0),p\\right)=\\left[r(0)-v_{0}\\right],$$</p>\n<br><p id='292' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(cid:20) \u2212 (cid:21)</p>\n<br><p id='293' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(cid:0) (cid:1)<br>Lastly, we have to convert the cost (114a) into the<br>Bolza form (40). There is no terminal cost, hence \u03c6 0.<br>\u2261<br>On the other hand, the direct transcription of the run-<br>ning cost would be \u0393(x, u, p) = p\u03c32. However, we will<br>simplify this by omitting the time dilation parameter.<br>This simpli\ufb01cation makes the problem easier by remov-<br>ing nonconvexity from the running cost, and numerical<br>results still show good resulting trajectories. Further-<br>more, since SCvx augments the cost with penalty terms<br>in (49), we will normalize the running cost by its nomi-<br>nal value in order to make it roughly unity for a \u201cmild\u201d<br>trajectory. This greatly facilitates the selection of the<br>penalty weight \u03bb. By taking the nominal value of \u03c3 as<br>the hover condition, we de\ufb01ne the following running cost:</p>\n<br><caption id='294' style='font-size:20px'>(119)</caption>\n<p id='295' data-category='equation'>$$\\Gamma(x,u,p)=\\left(\\frac{\\sigma}{g}\\right)^{\\frac{\\omega}{2}}$$</p>\n<br><p id='296' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>We now have a complete de\ufb01nition of Problem 39 for<br>the quadrotor obstacle avoidance problem. The only re-<br>maining task is to choose the SCvx algorithm parame-<br>ters listed in Table 1. The rest of the solution process<br>is completely automated by the general SCvx algorithm<br>description in Part II.</p>\n<p id='297' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(cid:16) (cid:17)</p>\n<br><p id='298' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>GuSTO Formulation</p>\n<br><p id='299' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(120)</p>\n<br><p id='300' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The GuSTO algorithm can also be used to solve Prob-<br>lem 114. The formulation is almost identical to SCvx,<br>which underscores the fact that the two algorithms can<br>be used interchangeably to solve many of the same prob-<br>lems. The quadratic running cost (68) encodes (125) as<br>follows:</p>\n<p id='301' data-category='equation'>$$S(p)=\\mathrm{diag}\\left(0,0,0,g^{-2}\\right),$$</p>\n<br><h1 id='302' style='font-size:20px'>(cid:96)(x, p) = 0,</h1>\n<br><p id='303' data-category='equation'>$$g(x,p)=0.$$</p>\n<br><h1 id='304' style='font-size:20px'>(cid:0) (cid:1)</h1>\n<p id='305' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>We can also cast the dynamics (118) into the control<br>a\ufb03ne form (69):</p>\n<caption id='306' style='font-size:20px'>(124a)</caption>\n<br><p id='307' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>r \u02d9</p>\n<br><caption id='308' style='font-size:20px'>(126a)</caption>\n<p id='309' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>f0(x) = ,</p>\n<br><caption id='310' style='font-size:20px'>(126b)</caption>\n<br><caption id='311' style='font-size:20px'>(126c)</caption>\n<p id='312' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>g\u02c6n</p>\n<caption id='313' style='font-size:20px'>(123)</caption>\n<br><p id='314' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>0</p>\n<br><caption id='315' style='font-size:20px'>(127a)</caption>\n<br><h1 id='316' style='font-size:20px'>(cid:20) \u2212 (cid:21)</h1>\n<p id='317' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>e i</p>\n<br><p id='318' data-category='equation'>$$i=1,2,3,$$</p>\n<br><p id='319' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>fi(x) = ,</p>\n<br><p id='320' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(cid:20) (cid:21)</p>\n<p id='321' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>where ei R3 is the i-th standard basis vector. The<br>\u2208<br>reader may be surprised that these are the only changes<br>required to convert the SCvx formulation from the previ-<br>ous section into a form that can be ingested by GuSTO.<br>The only remaining task is to choose the GuSTO algo-<br>rithm parameters listed in Table 1. Just like for SCvx,<br>the rest of the solution process is completely automated<br>by the general GuSTO algorithm description in Part II.</p>\n<br><p id='322' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>f4(x) = 0,</p>\n<br><caption id='323' style='font-size:20px'>(127b)</caption>\n<p id='324' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Initial Trajectory Guess</p>\n<br><caption id='325' style='font-size:20px'>(127c)</caption>\n<p id='326' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The initial state reference trajectory is obtained by a<br>simple straight-line interpolation as provided by (42):</p>\n<br><p id='327' data-category='equation'>$$x(t)=(1-t)\\left[r_{0}\\right]+t\\left[r_{J}\\right],\\;\\mathrm{for}\\;t\\in[0,1].$$</p>\n<br><p id='328' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The initial parameter vector, which is just the time<br>dilation, is chosen to be in the middle of the allowed<br>trajectory durations:</p>\n<caption id='329' style='font-size:20px'>(125)</caption>\n<br><p id='330' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>.</p>\n<br><caption id='331' style='font-size:20px'>(124b)</caption>\n<p id='332' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>2</p>\n<br><caption id='333' style='font-size:20px'>(128)</caption>\n<p id='334' data-category='equation'>$$p={\\frac{t_{f,\\mathrm{min}}+t_{f,\\mathrm{max}}}{2}}.$$</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	If the quasi-static constraint uses the formula \dot{\theta}=A^{-1}b_{\lambda}\,\dot{\lambda}+A^{-1}b_{\gamma}\,\dot{\gamma}, how would this formulation change if A were to be doubled?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 267, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["numerical reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 136096, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='16' style='font-size:20px'>Sub\t\r \u00a0categories\t\r \u00a0to\t\r \u00a0address\t\r \u00a0in\t\r \u00a0order\t\r \u00a0to\t\r \u00a0clean\t\r \u00a0up\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0<br>an\t\r \u00a0oil/hydrocarbon\t\r \u00a0based\t\r \u00a0material\t\r \u00a0spill.\t\r \u00a0</h1>\n<br><h1 id='17' style='font-size:16px'>\t\r \u00a0\t\r \u00a0 \t\r \u00a0</h1>\n<br><p id='18' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022\u202f UAlizing\t\r \u00a0a\t\r \u00a0cost\t\r \u00a0e\ufb00ecAve\t\r \u00a0method\t\r \u00a0would\t\r \u00a0be\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0\ufb01rst\t\r \u00a0sub\t\r \u00a0consideraAon,\t\r \u00a0either\t\r \u00a0from\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0stand\t\r \u00a0<br>point\t\r \u00a0of\t\r \u00a0applying\t\r \u00a0a\t\r \u00a0clean\t\r \u00a0up\t\r \u00a0product\t\r \u00a0or\t\r \u00a0plan,\t\r \u00a0which\t\r \u00a0will\t\r \u00a0uAlize\t\r \u00a0a\t\r \u00a0plan\t\r \u00a0that\t\r \u00a0prevents\t\r \u00a0natural\t\r \u00a0<br>resource\t\r \u00a0damages,\t\r \u00a0natural\t\r \u00a0resource\t\r \u00a0protecAon\t\r \u00a0could\t\r \u00a0override\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0cost\t\r \u00a0of\t\r \u00a0a\t\r \u00a0product\t\r \u00a0or\t\r \u00a0<br>process\t\r \u00a0in\t\r \u00a0a\t\r \u00a0plan\t\r \u00a0implementaAon\t\r \u00a0that\t\r \u00a0ulAmately\t\r \u00a0prevents\t\r \u00a0natural\t\r \u00a0resource\t\r \u00a0damages,\t\r \u00a0since\t\r \u00a0<br>natural\t\r \u00a0resource\t\r \u00a0damages\t\r \u00a0are\t\r \u00a0generally\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0most\t\r \u00a0costly\t\r \u00a0expense\t\r \u00a0in\t\r \u00a0regards\t\r \u00a0to\t\r \u00a0large\t\r \u00a0oil\t\r \u00a0spill\t\r \u00a0<br>accidents.\t\r \u00a0</p>\n<br><p id='19' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022\u202f Can\t\r \u00a0a\t\r \u00a0plan\t\r \u00a0or\t\r \u00a0product\t\r \u00a0clean\t\r \u00a0up\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0type\t\r \u00a0of\t\r \u00a0oil/hydrocarbon\t\r \u00a0based\t\r \u00a0material\t\r \u00a0understanding\t\r \u00a0if\t\r \u00a0<br>the\t\r \u00a0hydrocarbon\t\r \u00a0based\t\r \u00a0material\t\r \u00a0is\t\r \u00a0fresh\t\r \u00a0or\t\r \u00a0weathered,\t\r \u00a0in\t\r \u00a0other\t\r \u00a0words\t\r \u00a0if\t\r \u00a0you\t\r \u00a0are\t\r \u00a0going\t\r \u00a0to\t\r \u00a0<br>address\t\r \u00a0a\t\r \u00a0certain\t\r \u00a0type\t\r \u00a0of\t\r \u00a0hydrocarbon\t\r \u00a0will\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0product\t\r \u00a0or\t\r \u00a0plan\t\r \u00a0actually\t\r \u00a0remove\t\r \u00a0it\t\r \u00a0from\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0<br>environment.\t\r \u00a0</p>\n<figure><img id='20' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(45,933); bottom-right:(289,1099)\" /></figure>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3087434, "type": "text", "content": "seafloor for entanglement threats, and to monitor water quality and ocean\nconditions (i.e., detecting \nhypoxia and ocean acidification).\n\n\nO NMS vessels may be used to deploy passive acoustic monitoring equipment that\nis anchored to the \nseafloor and may also tow or deploy drifting passive acoustic monitoring\nequipment. Passive acoustic \ndevices are used to study biological and anthropogenic sound and behavior of\nmarine animals, and emit \nsound from vessels to map the seafloor. Some equipment and instruments, such\nas ROVs, hydrophones \nand towed camera systems, may be tethered to the ship and towed behind a\nvessel, or are otherwise \noperated from a vessel. AUVs are remotely operated vehicles that are usually\nlaunched from the ship with \na pre-programmed navigation route and then recovered once the AUV track has\nbeen completed. All of \nthe technologies are operated pursuant to valid permits and regulations.\n\n\nO ther acoustic equipment may be deployed using snorkelers or SCUBA divers, or\nfrom vessels. Towing \nmissions normally occur monthly to quarterly. Equipment, such as hydrophones\nor other acoustic \nreceivers, is often deployed within a sanctuary by anchoring it with cable\nties, brackets, or clamps to \nexisting infrastructure (e.g., buoys, channel markers), weights, or lengths of\nrebar that have been installed \nby SCUBA divers using hammers or pneumatic drills. In some cases, acoustic\ntags may be attached to fish \nto monitor movement and to marine mammals for tracking and research pursuant\nto NMFS, ESA, and \nMMPA permits. OMAO vessels are used to deploy AUVs, ROVs, towed magnetometers,\nmultibeam echo \nsounders, and side scan sonars in order to inventory resources and document\nnew maritime heritage \nsites. Aircraft use lidar in nearshore areas for long-term monitoring and to\ncharacterize shallow-water \nbenthic and intertidal habitats.\n\n\nD iver surveys are sometimes used to supplement normal remote sensing surveys\nand are particularly \nhelpful in shallow areas of high topographical complexity. Divers working to\nground-truth remotely sensed \ninformation may be stationary at a single site or towed behind a boat at\napproximately 3 knots/hour when \nsurveying larger areas of the marine environment. For example, the NOAA Ship\nHi\u2018ialakai is a 224-foot \nresearch vessel that is outfitted with Kongsberg EM300 and EM3002 multibeam\nsystems that are used to \nmap the seafloor. In addition to the seafloor maps that are produced, data\ncollected by the ship's \nmultibeam systems are also used to identify appropriate dive sites for ONMS\nrelated research activities. \nIn areas that are too shallow for the Hi\u2018ialakai to safely access, the ship\nregularly uses launches/tender \nvessels and towed divers to support ground truthing efforts.\n\n\n# Office of Response and Restoration\n\n\n \n\nThe Office of Response and Restoration (ORR) is a center of expertise in\npreparing for, evaluating, and \nresponding to threats to coastal environments, including oil and chemical\nspills, releases from hazardous \nwaste sites, and marine debris. Within ORR, the Emergency Response Division\nprovides scientific expertise \nfor responses to oil and chemical spills in U.S. marine and coastal waters.\nIts efforts facilitate spill \nprevention, preparedness, response, and restoration at national and local\nlevels. The Assessment and \nRestoration Division conducts natural resource damage assessments, with the\nobjective of restoring \nnatural resources injured by releases of oil and hazardous substances in\nmarine and coastal waters. The \nMarine Debris Division undertakes national and international efforts focused\non researching, reducing, \nand preventing debris in the marine environment.\n\n\nO RR hydroacoustic data collection may include the use of various devices such\nas the acoustic Doppler \ncurrent profilers (ADCPs) and echo sounders to track and map oil plumes and to\ncharacterize fish and \nplankton presence. ORR\u2019s Marine Debris Division (MDD) funds marine debris\nresearch, prevention and\n\n\n6\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 182816, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Guard responsibilities. The questions about whether vessel spacing might have an effect on oil spill risk and it<br>seems like a question that the model could be used to explore but we have not been asked to analyze that.</p>\n<br><p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Our first two reports that we have been asked to produce are on tug escorts for specific waterways and the<br>question of whether ERTV would reduce spill risk for Haro, Rosario and Boundary. For those reports we\u2019ll include<br>caveats and discussions of uncertainty and data limitations. What is done with the information after that will<br>depend on requests from the legislature. The legislature has not directed a rule making process to consider the<br>possibility of stationing an ERTV to reduce spill risks for these waters.</p>\n<br><p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>For tug escorts, the final report does not determine whether tug escorts will be required for certain tank vessels<br>in the Salish Sea. The report must be considered in rule making by the Washington Board of Pilotage<br>Commissioners. The rulemaking process will include outreach and opportunities for consultation with BPC, will<br>consider a wide range of topics.</p>\n<br><p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Does the data set you will use for movements include the tanker and tug trips in Haro and other routes for the<br>trans mountain pipeline expansion already approved by the Canadian government? (Tom Ehrlichman)</p>\n<br><p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>JD Leahy: When we evaluate oil spill risk as part of the analysis questions, we may want to evaluate it under<br>different traffic scenarios such as the Trans Mountain Pipeline or other scenarios. Determining which scenarios<br>to include, and which baseline to compare them against will be part of the analysis phase.</p>\n<br><p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>That\u2019s the general answer, but I also want to say that we specifically built the model in a way that includes all of<br>the facilities and waypoints. This will allow us to adjust traffic levels and traffic patterns for different scenarios.<br>We\u2019ve anticipated the need to look at changes in traffic and we feel we have a robust way to do that.</p>\n<br><p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The route based vessels that have been plugged in do reflect at least most of the safety measures used<br>because you have used historical data. The risk of an accident might be understated when you get to non-<br>route based vessels, non-AIS vessels, and tugs. (Jamie Stephens)</p>\n<br><p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>JD Leahy: We do plan to use historical data for movement on non-route based vessels but when we get to non-<br>AIS vessels we won\u2019t be able to use the same level of detail as AIS data.</p>\n<br><p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Are you going to handle in the non-routine vessels submarines? (Kip Killebrew)</p>\n<br><p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>JD Leahy: No, we won\u2019t model submarines or their escorts as dependent vessels. The escorts will be captured if<br>they have an AIS signature.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3087700, "type": "html", "content": "<table id='49' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>National Ocean Service</td><td>Surveying and Mapping Projects in U.S. Waters for</td></tr><tr><td>Draft Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement</td><td>Coastal and Marine Data Acquisition</td></tr></table>\n<p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>seafloor for entanglement threats, and to monitor water quality and ocean conditions (i.e., detecting<br>hypoxia and ocean acidification).</p>\n<p id='51' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>O NMS vessels may be used to deploy passive acoustic monitoring equipment that is anchored to the<br>seafloor and may also tow or deploy drifting passive acoustic monitoring equipment. Passive acoustic<br>devices are used to study biological and anthropogenic sound and behavior of marine animals, and emit<br>sound from vessels to map the seafloor. Some equipment and instruments, such as ROVs, hydrophones<br>and towed camera systems, may be tethered to the ship and towed behind a vessel, or are otherwise<br>operated from a vessel. AUVs are remotely operated vehicles that are usually launched from the ship with<br>a pre-programmed navigation route and then recovered once the AUV track has been completed. All of<br>the technologies are operated pursuant to valid permits and regulations.</p>\n<p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>O ther acoustic equipment may be deployed using snorkelers or SCUBA divers, or from vessels. Towing<br>missions normally occur monthly to quarterly. Equipment, such as hydrophones or other acoustic<br>receivers, is often deployed within a sanctuary by anchoring it with cable ties, brackets, or clamps to<br>existing infrastructure (e.g., buoys, channel markers), weights, or lengths of rebar that have been installed<br>by SCUBA divers using hammers or pneumatic drills. In some cases, acoustic tags may be attached to fish<br>to monitor movement and to marine mammals for tracking and research pursuant to NMFS, ESA, and<br>MMPA permits. OMAO vessels are used to deploy AUVs, ROVs, towed magnetometers, multibeam echo<br>sounders, and side scan sonars in order to inventory resources and document new maritime heritage<br>sites. Aircraft use lidar in nearshore areas for long-term monitoring and to characterize shallow-water<br>benthic and intertidal habitats.</p>\n<p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>D iver surveys are sometimes used to supplement normal remote sensing surveys and are particularly<br>helpful in shallow areas of high topographical complexity. Divers working to ground-truth remotely sensed<br>information may be stationary at a single site or towed behind a boat at approximately 3 knots/hour when<br>surveying larger areas of the marine environment. For example, the NOAA Ship Hi\u2018ialakai is a 224-foot<br>research vessel that is outfitted with Kongsberg EM300 and EM3002 multibeam systems that are used to<br>map the seafloor. In addition to the seafloor maps that are produced, data collected by the ship's<br>multibeam systems are also used to identify appropriate dive sites for ONMS related research activities.<br>In areas that are too shallow for the Hi\u2018ialakai to safely access, the ship regularly uses launches/tender<br>vessels and towed divers to support ground truthing efforts.</p>\n<h1 id='54' style='font-size:20px'>Office of Response and Restoration</h1>\n<br><p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The Office of Response and Restoration (ORR) is a center of expertise in preparing for, evaluating, and<br>responding to threats to coastal environments, including oil and chemical spills, releases from hazardous<br>waste sites, and marine debris. Within ORR, the Emergency Response Division provides scientific expertise<br>for responses to oil and chemical spills in U.S. marine and coastal waters. Its efforts facilitate spill<br>prevention, preparedness, response, and restoration at national and local levels. The Assessment and<br>Restoration Division conducts natural resource damage assessments, with the objective of restoring<br>natural resources injured by releases of oil and hazardous substances in marine and coastal waters. The<br>Marine Debris Division undertakes national and international efforts focused on researching, reducing,<br>and preventing debris in the marine environment.</p>\n<p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>O RR hydroacoustic data collection may include the use of various devices such as the acoustic Doppler<br>current profilers (ADCPs) and echo sounders to track and map oil plumes and to characterize fish and<br>plankton presence. ORR\u2019s Marine Debris Division (MDD) funds marine debris research, prevention and</p>\n<footer id='57' style='font-size:18px'>6</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 99872, "type": "text", "content": "824\n\n\n \n\nmay be changing the ocean surfaces and coastlines \nglobally, but at least we can quantify the extent of the \nproblem and ultimately tackle some of the causes. A \nmore di\ufb03cult issue altogether, unseen marine debris is \nalso sinking to the ocean \ufb02oor (Gregory 1999; Hess et al. \n1999).\n\n\nConclusion\n\n\nOur study establishes that amounts of marine debris \nstranding on remote oceanic shores di\ufb00er little across \nmuch of the span of the Atlantic (50(cid:2)N to 40(cid:2)S) and \nIndian Oceans. However, our sampling regime poorly \nsampled the tropics and the west Atlantic, and this is \nlikely to have in\ufb02uenced our results signi\ufb01cantly. Future \ndata from these areas are needed for a more inclusive \npicture. That we examined the most northerly and \nsoutherly latitudes to date is important as the levels of \ndebris stranding in both polar regions is at least an order \nof magnitude lower. The colonisation of marine debris, \nhowever, di\ufb00ered considerably between the Arctic and \nthe Antarctic. We tentatively suggest that the di\ufb00erence \nin water temperatures (Southern Ocean sea surface \ntemperatures are cooler in summer) could explain such a \ndi\ufb00erence. Both the values of stranding and colonisation \nlevels of marine debris provide a baseline to enable \nfuture quanti\ufb01cation of changing patterns in either. We \nshow that even in the Arctic, marine debris can carry \ncolonists including exotic barnacles (Elminius modestus).\n\n\n \n\nOur study is the \ufb01rst attempt to investigate marine \ndebris at sea and stranding over the same region and we \ndid not \ufb01nd a match in our results (i.e. our observations \nat sea showed high European levels whilst stranding \nlevels were high in the tropics). Further, in contrast to \nsome recent literature, we found no change in \ufb02oating \ndebris densities in the South Atlantic Ocean 10 years \nafter our \ufb01rst survey. As introduced species are per- \nceived as one of the most serious threats to biodiversity \nand marine introductions are so di\ufb03cult to counter, we \nsuggest that marine debris should be considered as a \nserious potential vector.\n\n\nAcknowledgements The authors wish to thank all the crew and \no\ufb03cers of the R.R.S. \u2018Ernest Shackleton\u2019 for support of the \nSouthern Ocean island landings. We would also like to thank Ali \nGeorge for collection of strandline debris from Dominica and Piotr \nKuklinski for help with strandline debris collection at Spitsbergen. \nFinally we would like to thank the Polish Academy of Sciences and \nMarcin Weslawski in particular for the invitation to participate on \nthe east Spitsbergen cruise of the vessel \u2018Oceania\u2019.\n\n\n# References\n\n\nAliani S, Gri\ufb00a A, Molcard A (2003) Floating debris in the Ligu- \nrian Sea, north-western Mediterranean. Mar Pollut Bull \n46:1142\u20131149 \nAnderson MJ, Underwood AJ (1994) E\ufb00ects of substratum on the \nrecruitment and development of an intertidal estuarine fouling \nassemblage. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 184:217\u2013236\n\n\n \n\nArntz WE, Gutt J, Klages M (1997) Antarctic marine biodiversity:\n\n\n \n\nan overview. In: Battaglia B (ed) Antarctic communities: spe- \ncies, structure and survival. Cambridge University Press, \nCambridge, pp 3\u201314 \nBarber HN, Dadswell HE, Ingle HD (1959) Transport of driftwood \nfrom South America to Tasmania and Macquarie Island. \nNature 184:203\u2013204 \nBarnes DKA (2002) Invasions by marine life on plastic debris. \nNature 416:808\u2013809 \nBarnes DKA (2004) Natural and plastic \ufb02otsam stranded in the \nIndian Ocean. In: Davenport J (ed) The e\ufb00ects of human \ntransport on ecosystems. Royal Irish Academy, Dublin, pp \n193\u2013205 \nBarnes DKA, Fraser KPP (2003) Rafting by \ufb01ve phyla on man- \nmade \ufb02otsam in the Southern Ocean. Mar Ecol Prog Ser \n262:289\u2013291 \nBarnes DKA, Sanderson WG (2000) Latitudinal patterns in colo- \nnization of marine debris. In: Herrera-Cubilla A, Jackson JBC \n(eds) Proceedings of the 11th international Bryozoology Asso- \nciation conference. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, \nChicago, pp 154\u2013160 \nBenton TG (1991) Oceans of garbage. Nature 352:113 \nBenton TG (1995) From castaways to throwaways: marine litter in \nthe Pitcairn Islands. Biol J Linn Soc 56:415\u2013422 \nBjorndal KA, Bolten AB, Lageux CJ (1994) Ingestion of marine \ndebris by juvenile sea turtles in coastal Florida habitats. Mar \nPollut Bull 28:154\u2013158 \nCarlton JT (1987) Patterns of transoceanic marine biological \ninvasions in the Paci\ufb01c Ocean. Bull Mar Sci 41:452\u2013465 \nCarlton JT, Geller JB (1993) Ecological roulette: the global trans- \nport of non-indigenous marine organisms. Science 261:78\u201382 \nCarpenter EJ, Smith KL (1972) Plastics on the Sargasso Sea sur- \nface. Science 175:1240\u20131241 \nCCAMLR (1997) Statistical bulletin 9. CCAMLR, Hobart, Aus- \ntralia \nCensky EJ, Hodge K, Dudley J (1998) Over-water dispersal of \nlizards due to hurricanes. Nature 395:556 \nCoe JM, Andersson S, Rogers DB (1997) Marine debris in the \nCaribbean region. In: Coe JM, Rogers DB (eds) Marine debris: \nsources, impact and solutions. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New \nYork, pp 25\u201334 \nColton JB, Knapp FD, Burns BR (1974) Plastic particles in surface \nwaters of the north eastern Atlantic. Science 185:491\u2013497 \nConvey P, Barnes DKA, Morton A (2002) Debris accumulation on \noceanic island shores of the Scotia Arc, Antarctica. Polar Biol \n25:612\u2013617 \nConway A, Fanshawe S (2003) Beachwatch 2002. The 10th annual \nbeach litter survey report. Marine Conservation Society, Ross- \non-Wye, UK \nCoombs DS, Landis CA (1966) Pumice from the South Sandwich \neruption of March 1962 reaches New Zealand. Nature 209:289\u2013 \n290 \nCrisp DJ, Ryland JS (1960) In\ufb02uences of \ufb01lming and of surface \ntexture on the settlement of marine organisms. Nature \n185:119 \nCroxall JP, Rodwell S, Boyd IL (1990) Entanglement in man-made \ndebris of Antarctic fur seals at Bird Island, South Georgia. Mar \nMamm Sci 6:221\u2013233 \nDerraik JGB (2002) The pollution of the marine environment by \nplastic debris: a review. Mar Pollut Bull 44:842\u2013852 \nDixon TR, Dixon TJ (1981) Marine litter surveillance. Mar Pollut \nBull 12:289\u2013295 \nElton CS (1958) The ecology of invasions by animals and plants. \nMethuen, London, UK \nEriksson C, Burton H (2001) Collections (1991 to 2000) of marine \ndebris on Macquarie Island show increases in some \ufb01sheries- \nsourced materials (abstract S6P07). In: VIII SCAR interna- \ntional biology symposium, Amsterdam, The Netherlands \nFranklin Associates (1994) Characterisation of municipal solid \nwaste in the United States, 1994 update. Report no. EPA 530-S-\n\n\n \n\n94-042. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, \nD.C.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 136097, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='21' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022\u202f Type\t\r \u00a0of\t\r \u00a0water\t\r \u00a0(\t\r \u00a0fresh,\t\r \u00a0ocean,\t\r \u00a0or\t\r \u00a0brackish\t\r \u00a0)\t\r \u00a0will\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0product\t\r \u00a0or\t\r \u00a0plan\t\r \u00a0work\t\r \u00a0on\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0type\t\r \u00a0of\t\r \u00a0<br>water\t\r \u00a0associated\t\r \u00a0with\t\r \u00a0a\t\r \u00a0spill.\t\r \u00a0Once\t\r \u00a0again\t\r \u00a0will\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0product\t\r \u00a0or\t\r \u00a0plan\t\r \u00a0actually\t\r \u00a0remove\t\r \u00a0<br>hydrocarbons\t\r \u00a0from\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0type\t\r \u00a0of\t\r \u00a0water\t\r \u00a0associated\t\r \u00a0with\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0spill\t\r \u00a0area.\t\r \u00a0<br>\u2022\u202f Type\t\r \u00a0of\t\r \u00a0shoreline\t\r \u00a0material\t\r \u00a0will\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0product\t\r \u00a0or\t\r \u00a0plan\t\r \u00a0work\t\r \u00a0on\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0type\t\r \u00a0of\t\r \u00a0shoreline,\t\r \u00a0sandy,\t\r \u00a0<br>\ufb01ne\t\r \u00a0grain\t\r \u00a0or\t\r \u00a0large\t\r \u00a0grain,\t\r \u00a0clay.\t\r \u00a0Silt,\t\r \u00a0gravel,\t\r \u00a0rock\t\r \u00a0etc.,\t\r \u00a0associated\t\r \u00a0with\t\r \u00a0a\t\r \u00a0spill.\t\r \u00a0Once\t\r \u00a0again\t\r \u00a0will\t\r \u00a0<br>the\t\r \u00a0product\t\r \u00a0or\t\r \u00a0plan\t\r \u00a0actually\t\r \u00a0remove\t\r \u00a0hydrocarbons\t\r \u00a0from\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0type\t\r \u00a0of\t\r \u00a0shoreline\t\r \u00a0associated\t\r \u00a0<br>with\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0spill\t\r \u00a0area.\t\r \u00a0<br>\u2022\u202f Estuaries\t\r \u00a0or\t\r \u00a0Marshes,\t\r \u00a0will\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0product\t\r \u00a0or\t\r \u00a0plan\t\r \u00a0work\t\r \u00a0on\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0Estuary\t\r \u00a0or\t\r \u00a0Marsh\t\r \u00a0while\t\r \u00a0not\t\r \u00a0<br>depleAng\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0BOD,\t\r \u00a0associated\t\r \u00a0with\t\r \u00a0a\t\r \u00a0spill.\t\r \u00a0Once\t\r \u00a0again\t\r \u00a0will\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0product\t\r \u00a0or\t\r \u00a0plan\t\r \u00a0actually\t\r \u00a0<br>remove\t\r \u00a0hydrocarbons\t\r \u00a0from\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0type\t\r \u00a0of\t\r \u00a0Estuary\t\r \u00a0or\t\r \u00a0Marsh\t\r \u00a0associated\t\r \u00a0with\t\r \u00a0the\t\r \u00a0spill\t\r \u00a0area.\t\r \u00a0</p>\n<figure><img id='22' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(46,933); bottom-right:(289,1099)\" /></figure>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 186235, "type": "html", "content": "<br><p id='85' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>We also can assume that there were at least several members of U-869\u2019s crew in the area of the<br>control room. Bodies and human remains often floated to the surface and were collected as evidence<br>in submarine kills, again as in the case of U-521. What happened to the remains of the U-869 crew<br>from the control room?</p>\n<br><p id='86' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Interior paneling, tables, bedding, clothing, and an abundance of debris were regularly collected at<br>sites where U-boats were lost. With the degree of damage to U-869, and specifically due to the large<br>openings in the pressure hull, a significant amount of debris should have escaped from the interior,<br>and floated to the surface.</p>\n<br><p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The attacks by Howard D. Crow occurred in the late afternoon/early evening period. The relatively<br>small amount of oil which came to the surface as a result of the attacks was visible to Howard D.<br>Crow\u2019s crew. Therefore, if debris had been released from the U-boat, it should also have been seen<br>on the surface.</p>\n<br><p id='88' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Koiner put their whale boat in the water specifically to look for evidence. The collection of evidence<br>provided valuable military intelligence, and was the only way at the time to receive credit for sinking</p>\n<footer id='89' style='font-size:14px'>www.WreckDivingMag.com</footer>\n<br><footer id='90' style='font-size:14px'>ISSUE 18 \u2022 2009 17</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1716659, "type": "text", "content": "A. Fabregat et al.\n\n\n \nOcean Modelling 119 (2017) 118\u2013135\n\n\nturbulent buoyant plumes in strati\ufb01ed environments. J. Geophys. Res.\nhttp://dx.doi. \norg/10.1002/2016JC011737.\n\n\n \n\nFischer, P., Lottes, J., Kerkemeier, S., 2008a. Nek5000 web page.\nhttp://nek5000.mcs. \nanl.gov. \nFischer, P. F., Lottes, J. W., Kerkemeier, S. G., 2008b. Nek5000 web page.\nhttp:// \nnek5000.mcs.anl.gov. \nFischer, P.F., Mullen, J.S., 2001. Filter-based stabilization of spectral\nelement methods. \nComptes rendus de lAcade mie des sciences Paris - S\u00e9rie I - Analyse num\u00e9rique\n332, \n265\u2013270. \nGraham, B., Keilly, W., Beinecke, F., Boeach, D., Garcia, T., Marray, C.,\nUlme, F., 2011. \nDeep Water, The Gulf Oil Disaster and The Future of O\ufb00shore Drilling.\nTechnical \nReport. US Government Printing O\ufb03ce. \nHelfrich, K., Battisti, T., 1991. Experiments on baroclinic vortex shedding\nfrom hydro- \nthermal plumes. J. Geophys. Res. 96, 12511\u201312518. \nHunt, G., Kaye, N., 2001. Virtual origin correction for lazy turbulent plumes.\nJ. Fluid \nMech. 435, 377\u2013396. \nHunt, G., Kaye, N., 2005. Lazy plumes. J. Fluid Mech. 533, 329\u2013338. \nJohansen, O., 2000. DeepBlow - a Lagrangian plume model for deepwater\nblowouts. Spill \nSci. Technol. Bull. 103\u2013111. \nJoyce, T., Stalcup, M., 1985. Wintertime convection in a Gulf Stream warm core\nring. J. \nPhys. Oceanogr. 1032\u20131042. \nKaramanos, G.-S., Karniadakis, G.E., 2000. A spectral vanishing viscosity\nmethod for \nlarge-eddy simulations. J. Comput. Phys. 163 (1), 22\u201350. \nKoal, K., Stiller, J., Blackburn, H., 2012. Adapting the spectral vanishing\nviscosity method \nfor large-eddy simulations in cylindrical con\ufb01gurations. J. Comput. Phys. 231\n(8), \n3389\u20133405. \nLehr, W., Bristol, S., Possolo, A., 2010. Oil Budget Calculator, Deepwater\nHorizon. \nTechnical Report. The Federal Interagency Solutions Group. \nLemckert, C., Imberger, J., 1993. Energetic bubble plumes in arbitrary\nstrati\ufb01cation. J. \nHydraul. Eng. 119\u2013125. \nList, E., Imberger, J., 1973. Turbulent entrainment in buoyant jets and\nplumes. J. \nHydraul. Div. (ASCE) 1461\u20131474. \nLubchenco, J., McNutt, M., Dreyfus, G., Murawski, S., Kennedy, D., Anastas,\nP., Chu, S., \nHunter, T., 2012. Science in support of the Deepwater Horizon response. Proc.\nNatl. \nAcad. Sci. 20212\u201320221. \nMcDougall, T., 1978. Bubble plumes in strati\ufb01ed environments. J. Fluid Mech.\n655\u2013672. \nMcNutt, M., Chu, S., Lubchenco, J., Hunter, T., Dreyfus, G., Murawski, S.,\nKennedy, D., \n2012\\. Applications of science and engineering to quantify and control the\nDeepwater \nHorizon oil spill. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20222\u201320228. \nMorton, B., 1957. Buoyant plumes in a moist atmosphere. J. Fluid Mech.\n127\u2013144. \nMorton, B., Taylor, G., Turner, J., 1956. Turbulent gravitational convection\nfrom main- \ntained and instantaneous sources. Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 24, 1\u201323. \n\u00d6zg\u00f6kmen, T.M., Iliescu, T., Fischer, P.F., 2009. Large eddy simulation of\nstrati\ufb01ed \nmixing in a three-dimensional lock-exchange system. Ocean Modell. 26 (34), \n134\u2013155. \n\u00d6zg\u00f6kmen, T.M., Iliescu, T., Fischer, P.F., 2009. Reynolds number dependence\nof mixing \nin a lock-exchange system from direct numerical and large eddy simulations.\nOcean\n\n\n \n\nModell. 30 (23), 190\u2013206.\n\n\n \n\nPlume Modeling Team, 2010. Deepwater Horizon release estimate of rate by PIV.\nhttp:// \nwww.doi.gov/deepwaterhorizon/, Report to the Flow Rate Technical Group\n\n\n \n\nReddy, C., Arey, J., Seewald, J., Sylva, S., Lemkau, K., Nelson, R.,\nCarmichael, C., \nMcIntyre, C., Fenwick, J., Ventrua, G., Mooy, B.V., Camilli, R., 2012.\nComposition \nand fate of gas and oil released to the water column during the Deepwater\nHorizon oil \nspill. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20229\u201320234. \nRotunno, R., Emanuel, K., 1987. An air-sea interaction theory for tropical\ncyclones. J.\n\n\n \n\nAtmos. Sci. 44, 542\u2013561.\n\n\n \n\nScase, M., Hewitt, R., 2012. Unsteady turbulent plume models. J. Fluid Mech.\n697, \n455\u2013480.\n\n\n \n\nSchmidt, W., 1941. Turbulent propagation of a stream of heated air. Z. Angew.\nMath. \nMech. 265\u2013351.\n\n\n \n\nSheremet, V., 2004. Laboratory experiments with tilted convective plumes on a\ncen- \ntrifuge: a \ufb01nite angle between the buoyancy force and the axis of rotation. J.\nFluid \nMech. 217\u2013244.\n\n\n \n\nSimiano, M., 2005. Experimental Investigation of Large-Scale Three Dimensional\nBubble\n\n\n \n\nPlume Dynamics. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich Ph.D. thesis.\n\n\n \n\nSmagorinsky, J., 1963. General circulation experiments with the primitive\nequations.\n\n\n \n\nMon. Weather Rev. 99\u2013164.\n\n\n \n\nSocolofsky, S., Adams, E., 2002. Multi-phase plumes in uniform and strati\ufb01ed\ncross\ufb02ow.\n\n\n \n\nJ. Hydraul. Res. 661\u2013672.\n\n\n \n\nSocolofsky, S., Adams, E., 2005. Role of slip velocity in the behavior of\nstrati\ufb01ed multi- \nphase plumes. J. Hydraul. Eng. 283\u2013282\n\n\n \n\nSocolofsky, S., Adams, E., Sherwood, C., 2011. Formation dynamics of\nsubsurface hy- \ndrocarbon intrusions following the Deepwater Horizon blowout. Geophys. Res.\nLett. \n38\\. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047174.\n\n\n \n\nSocolofsky, S., T. Bhaumik, T., Seol, D.-G., 2008. Double-plume integral\nmodels for near-\n\n\n \n\n\ufb01eld mixing in multiphase plumes. J. Hydraul. Eng. 772\u2013783.\n\n\n \n\nSocolofsky, S.A., Adams, E.E., Boufadel, M.C., Aman, Z.M., Johansen, O.,\nKonkel, W.J., \nLindo, D., Madsen, M.N., North, E.W., Paris, C.B., Rasmussen, D., Reed, M., \nRonningen, P., Sim, L.H., Uhrenholdt, T., Anderson, K.G., Cooper, C., Nedwed,\nT.J., \n2015\\. Intercomparison of oil spill prediction models for accidental blowout\nscenarios \nwith and without subsea chemical dispersant injection. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 96\n(1\u20132), \n110\u2013126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.05.039.\n\n\n \n\nSpeer, K., Marshall, J., 1995. The growth of convective plumes at sea-\ufb02oor\nhot-springs. J.\n\n\n \n\nMar. Res. 1025\u20131057.\n\n\nTurner, J., 1973. Buoyancy E\ufb00ects in Fluids. Cambridge University Press.\n\n\n \n\nSpier, C., Stringfellow, W., Hazen, T., Conrad, M., 2013. Distribution of\nhydrocarbons \nreleased during the 2010 MC252 oil spill in deep o\ufb00shore waters. Environ.\nPollut. \n173, 224\u2013230.\n\n\n104, 20495\u201320507.\n\n\n \n\nWoods, A., Bush, J., 1999. Dimensions and dynamics of megaplumes. J. Geophys.\nRes.\n\n\nZaker, N., Imberger, J., Pattiaratchi, C., 2001. Dispersion of an e\ufb04uent plume\nin a \nshallow coastal area. J. Mar. Environ. Eng. 83\u2013108.\n\n\nTheor. Phys. (in Russian: English Translation 1992) 7, 1463\u20131465.\n\n\n \n\nZeldovich, Y., 1937. The asymptotic laws of freely-ascending convective \ufb02ows.\nJ. Exp.\n\n\nZheng, L., Yapa, P., Chen, F., 2003. A model for simulating deepwater oil and\ngas \nblowouts - part I. Theory and model formulation. J. Hydraul. Res. 339\u2013351.\n\n\n135\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1716661, "type": "html", "content": "<br><p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>If recent history is a guide, deep-ocean oil drilling e\ufb00orts will in-<br>crease. Taking the above parameters as representative of an \u2018average\u2019<br>spill, an accident is a major event. As such, there exists a pressing need</p>\n<br><p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>to better understand the biological, chemical and physical fate of the<br>oil, its spreading rate, and its impact on the environment. This paper<br>describes and analyzes a somewhat novel approach to near-\ufb01eld deep<br>ocean oil plume modelling based on an Eulerian representation that,<br>while more computationally demanding, promises some advantages<br>relative to the more classical Lagrangian based models. A separate and<br>more practical advantage is this design \ufb01ts seamlessly within an ex-<br>isting ocean general circulation model that can support future oil spill<br>tracking.</p>\n<p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>1.1. Background</p>\n<p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Buoyant, turbulent plumes have a literature spanning several dec-<br>ades. Zeldovich (1937) and Schmidt (1941) conducted early dimen-<br>sional analyses yielding scaling laws for various plume measures.<br>Batchelor (1954), Morton et al. (1956) and Turner in a series of papers<br>(see Turner, 1973 and references therein) performed several analytical<br>and laboratory plume studies. Observations and numerical work on<br>plumes were combined in Zaker et al. (2001) and strati\ufb01ed plume ex-<br>perimental results appear in List and Imberger (1973). Well-posed ex-<br>tensions of the Morton et al. (1956) models to unsteady settings have<br>recently been advanced by Scase and Hewitt (2012) and Craske and van</p>\n<p id='19' data-category='footnote' style='font-size:14px'>\u204e<br>Corresponding author.<br>E-mail addresses: wdewar@fsu.edu, dewar@ocean.fsu.edu (W.K. Dewar).</p>\n<h1 id='20' style='font-size:14px'>http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2017.10.005</h1>\n<br><p id='21' data-category='footnote' style='font-size:14px'>Received 23 September 2016; Received in revised form 12 October 2017; Accepted 15 October 2017<br>Available online 16 October 2017<br>1463-5003/ \u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1716681, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='89' style='font-size:14px'>A. Fabregat et al.</header>\n<br><header id='90' style='font-size:14px'>Ocean Modelling 119 (2017) 118\u2013135</header>\n<p id='91' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>d<br>\u23a4<br>\u2211 I pi \u2211= \u23a1 \u222b \u03c1 p dA i + \u222e \u03a8 pi \u00b7 n p dl i<br>i i<br>i i \u23a3 d t V i \u2202 V pi \u23a6</p>\n<br><p id='92' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>.</p>\n<br><p id='93' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(A.12)</p>\n<br><p id='94' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>This argument is easily generalized to three dimensions.</p>\n<br><p id='95' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>An analogous procedure can be applied to the pressure gradients in the momentum equations. In principle the pressures across interfaces can<br>di\ufb00er due to processes like surface tension. For the present oceanographic application these will be ignored. Applying continuity of pressure at<br>interfaces within Vp thus yields</p>\n<br><p id='96' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>\u2211 \u222b \u2207 p dV i = \u222b p n dS p ,<br>i<br>V i S p<br>i</p>\n<br><caption id='97' style='font-size:20px'>(A.13)</caption>\n<br><p id='98' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>where the continuity of pressure has allowed the removal of the constituent subscript.</p>\n<br><p id='99' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The only remaining momentum quantities are the Coriolis accelerations, which are straightforward to integrate, thus completing the volume-<br>based discretization of (A.1). To this point, the only approximations that have been made are the neglect of surface physics associated with the<br>contact between the \ufb02uid constituents at their interfaces.</p>\n<br><p id='100' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>We now introduce the more important approximations. Consider \ufb01rst the form of the integrated mass equation</p>\n<br><p id='101' data-category='equation'>$$\\frac{d}{d t}\\sum_{i}\\int_{\\nu_{\\mu}}\\rho_{i}d V_{i}+\\sum_{i}\\int_{S_{i}}\\rho_{i}u_{i}.n d S_{i}=0\\,.$$</p>\n<br><caption id='102' style='font-size:20px'>(A.14)</caption>\n<br><p id='103' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The net mass in the mass control volume has contributions from oil(s), water and gas(es), the densities of which are greatly di\ufb00erent. Water<br>density is roughly 1035 kg m\u22123 in the deep ocean, oil is at most about 840 kg m\u22123 and at 150 atmospheres, methane is roughly 100 kg m\u22123. If we<br>adopt a density scale of</p>\n<br><p id='104' data-category='equation'>$$\\rho_{0}={\\frac{\\rho_{a i1}+\\rho_{\\mathrm{uater}}}{2}}=937\\mathrm{~kgm}^{-3}$$</p>\n<br><caption id='105' style='font-size:20px'>(A.15)</caption>\n<br><p id='106' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>water and oil density variability relative to \u03c10 is about 10%, while the full gas density is only about 10% of \u03c10. Often in such models, the bubble mass<br>is neglected, i.e. the bubbles are modelled as \u2018voids\u2019. We adopt this approximation. Considering the extreme case of a volume of half gas and half oil,<br>the volume average density is 460 kg m\u2212 ,3 as compared to the approximate density estimate of 425 kg m\u22123 obtained by entirely neglecting the gas.<br>The error, more than 10% here, will be smaller for other less extreme settings. Neglecting gas density, the mass equation becomes</p>\n<br><p id='107' data-category='equation'>$$\\frac{d}{d t}\\sum_{i\\ne i_{g}}\\int_{V_{p i}}\\rho_{i}d V_{i}+\\sum_{i\\ne i_{g}}\\int_{S_{p i}}\\rho_{i}u_{i};n d S_{i}=0$$</p>\n<br><caption id='108' style='font-size:20px'>(A.16)</caption>\n<br><p id='109' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>where ig denotes indices reserved for gases. To simplify (A.16) further, we write</p>\n<br><p id='110' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>\u222b \u03c1 dV i = \u03c1 \u03b4V ; \u222b \u03c1 u i \u00b7 n dS i = u i \u03c1 \u03b4S i ,<br>i i<br>i<br>i<br>i<br>V pi S p i</p>\n<br><p id='111' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>where the overbar denotes either a volume average over the constituent volume or a surface average over a constituent surface on the cell volume<br>boundary. Which de\ufb01nition applies will be clear by context. Dividing (A.17) by the cell volume</p>\n<br><caption id='112' style='font-size:20px'>(A.17)</caption>\n<p id='113' data-category='equation'>$$\\frac{d}{d t}\\sum_{i\\neq i_{g}}\\overline{{{\\rho}}}_{i}\\alpha_{i}+\\sum_{i\\neq i_{g}}\\frac{1}{\\delta}\\overline{{{u}}}_{i}\\rho_{i}{}^{j}f_{i}^{j}=0\\,,$$</p>\n<br><caption id='114' style='font-size:20px'>(A.18)</caption>\n<br><p id='115' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>where \u03b1i denotes the volume fraction of i in volume Vp, the index j marks the faces of the cell and fi j the surface fraction of the same constituent on<br>the surface j bounding the volume. The quantity \u03b4 dividing the surface integrals represents the left over dimension of the cell volume. For example,<br>the bulk zonal divergence of the mass \ufb02ux becomes</p>\n<br><p id='116' data-category='equation'>$$\\frac{1}{V_{p i}}\\int_{S_{p i}}\\left[u_{i}\\rho_{i}(x^{+})-u_{i}\\rho_{i}(x^{-})\\right]d y d z=\\frac{\\overline{{{u_{i}\\rho_{i}(x^{+})}}}f_{i}^{+}-\\overline{{{u_{i}\\rho_{i}(x^{-})}}}f_{i}^{-}}{\\delta_{x}}\\,.$$</p>\n<br><caption id='117' style='font-size:20px'>(A.19)</caption>\n<br><p id='118' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Clearly, to integrate ahead in time, exchanges between neighboring cells must be expressed in terms of known quantities, i.e., the volume<br>averaged mean quantities. This is the parameterization problem of multiphase \ufb02uids expressed in the context of the mass equation and is re-<br>presentative of the artistry in multiphase modelling.</p>\n<br><p id='119' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>It is convenient at this point to compute also the budget Vp in of the mass of a single constituent. This reduces to the volume integration of a<br>purely conservative quantity over a single index i. Further, the generalized \ufb02ux of the mass consists only of an advective contribution and the \ufb02uids<br>are immiscible. The result for a single constituent is</p>\n<br><p id='120' data-category='equation'>$$\\frac{d}{d t}(\\overline{{{\\rho}}}_{i}\\alpha_{i})+\\frac{1}{\\delta}\\sum_{j}\\overline{{{u_{i}\\rho_{i}}}}j f_{i}^{j}=0\\,.$$</p>\n<br><caption id='121' style='font-size:20px'>(A.20)</caption>\n<br><p id='122' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>We now introduce a second simpli\ufb01cation. We treat the mixture \ufb02uids as individually Boussinesq and collectively Boussinesq. The former<br>constraint assumes</p>\n<br><p id='123' data-category='equation'>$$\\frac{\\delta\\beta_{o i l}}{\\rho_{o i l}}\\ll1;\\quad\\frac{\\delta\\rho_{u a t e r}}{\\rho_{u a t e r}}\\ll1\\,,$$</p>\n<br><p id='124' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>both of which are familiar approximations. The \u2018collectively Boussinesq\u2019 assumption requires the stronger and less justi\ufb01able assertion that<br>\u03c1 \u2212 \u03c1 \u03c1 \u2212 \u03c1<br>oil<br>0<br>0 water<br>\u223c \u226a 1 .</p>\n<br><caption id='125' style='font-size:20px'>(A.21)</caption>\n<p id='126' data-category='equation'>$$\\frac{\\rho_{o l l}-\\rho_{0}}{\\rho_{0}}\\sim\\frac{\\rho_{w a t r}-\\rho_{0}}{\\rho_{0}}\\ll1\\,.$$</p>\n<br><p id='127' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The error introduced by the assumption inherent in (A.22) is about 10%. Although less justi\ufb01able than for single-phase water, 10% compares well</p>\n<br><p id='128' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(A.22)</p>\n<footer id='129' style='font-size:14px'>132</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	If you were tasked with estimating the volume of debris and remains from a submarine like U-869 based on the observed oil spill, what factors would you consider to ensure a comprehensive analysis?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 270, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 1885688, "type": "text", "content": "\u2013 29 \u2013\n\n\n(e) Conviction of a felony under the laws of any state or of the \nUnited States -[.] relating to the practice of public accounting.\n\n\n \n\n(f) Conviction of any crime, an element of which is dishonesty \nor fraud, under the laws of any state or of the United States.\n\n\n \n\n(g) Cancellation, revocation, suspension or refusal to renew \nauthority to practice as a certified public accountant or a registered \npublic accountant by any other state, for any cause other than failure \nto pay an annual registration fee or to comply with requirements for \ncontinuing education or review of his practice in the other state.\n\n\n \n\n(h) Suspension or revocation of the right to practice before any \nstate or federal agency.\n\n\n \n\n(i) Unless the person has been placed on inactive or retired \nstatus, failure to obtain an annual permit under NRS 628.380, \nwithin:\n\n\n \n\n(1) Sixty days after the expiration date of the permit to \npractice last obtained or renewed by the holder of a certificate or \nregistrant; or\n\n\n \n\n(2) Sixty days after the date upon which the holder of a \ncertificate or registrant was granted his certificate or registration, if \nno permit was ever issued to him, unless the failure has been \nexcused by the Board.\n\n\n \n\n(j) Conduct discreditable to the profession of public accounting \nor which reflects adversely upon the fitness of the person to engage \nin the practice of public accounting.\n\n\n \n\n(k) Making a false or misleading statement in support of an \napplication for a certificate, registration or permit of another person.\n\n\n \n\n2\\. After giving notice and conducting a hearing, the Board may \ndeny an application to take the examination prescribed by the Board \npursuant to NRS 628.190, deny a person admission to such an \nexamination, invalidate a grade received for such an examination or \ndeny an application for a certificate issued pursuant to NRS 628.190 \nto 628.310, inclusive, to a person who has:\n\n\n \n\n(a) Made any false or fraudulent statement, or any misleading \nstatement or omission relating to a material fact in an application:\n\n\n \n\n(1) To take the examination prescribed by the Board pursuant \nto NRS 628.190; or \n(2) For a certificate issued pursuant to NRS 628.190 to \n628.310, inclusive;\n\n\n \n\n(b) Cheated on an examination prescribed by the Board pursuant \nto NRS 628.190 or any such examination taken in another state or \njurisdiction of the United States;\n\n\n \n\n(c) Aided, abetted or conspired with any person in a violation of \nthe provisions of paragraph (a) or (b); or\n\n\n \n\n(d) Committed any combination of the acts set forth in \nparagraphs (a), (b) and (c).\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1310189, "type": "text", "content": "Appointment of Staff and Safer Recruitment Policy\n\n\n5.10. Individuals who have lived or worked outside the UK must undergo the\nsame checks as all other staff in \nschools or colleges. See paragraphs 154 and 160 KCSIE 2020 (Jan. 2021 update).\nThis includes obtaining \n(via the applicant) an enhanced DBS certificate (including barred list\ninformation, for those who will be \nengaging in regulated activity) even if the individual has never been to the\nUK. In addition, the school \nwill make any further checks they think appropriate so that any relevant\nevents that occurred outside \nthe UK can be considered. These checks could include, where available:\n\n\n \n\ncriminal records check for overseas applicants - Home Office guidance can be\nfound on GOV.UK, \nand for teaching positions.\n\n\n \n\nobtaining a letter of professional standing from the professional regulating\nauthority in the country \nin which the applicant has worked. Advice about which regulatory or\nprofessional body applicants \nshould contact is available from the National Recognition Information Centre\nfor the United \nKingdom, UK NARIC.\n\n\n \n\nWhere available, such evidence can be considered together with information\nobtained through \nother pre-appointment checks to help assess their suitability. Where this\ninformation is not \navailable the school will seek alternative methods of checking suitability and\nor undertake a risk \nassessment that supports informed decision making on whether to proceed with\nthe appointment. \nAlthough sanctions and restrictions imposed by another regulating authority do\nnot prevent a \nperson from taking up teaching positions in England, the school will consider\nthe circumstances \nthat led to the restriction or sanction being imposed when considering a\ncandidate\u2019s suitability for \nemployment. Further information can be found in DfE Guidance: Recruit teachers\nfrom overseas.\n\n\n \n\n# 5.11. All steps taken will be well documented.\n\n\n \n\n5.12. The applicant\u2019s right to work in the UK will be checked and evidence\nkept on record.\n\n\n \n\n5.13. As part of our Safeguarding Policy employment will not be offered\nwithout the applicant supplying \nevidence of a full employment history, including information on any gaps.\n\n\n \n\n5.14. Applicants will also be asked to supply a declaration of their mental\nand physical fitness, concerning their \nsuitability to the position applied for. A job applicant can be asked relevant\nquestions about disability \nand health to establish whether they have the physical and mental capacity for\nthe specific role.\n\n\n \n\n5.15. Two professional references will be requested, for all staff, including\nvolunteers, which go back 5 years, \nfrom senior persons and not just colleagues; character and/or pastoral\nreferences will only be requested \nwhere appropriate or relevant.\n\n\n5.16. Where possible, references will be obtained prior to interviews to allow\nany concerns to be explored \nwith the referee and discussed with the candidate. References will always be\nscrutinised before \nappointment, including for internal candidates. Open testimonials will not be\nrelied upon, nor any \ninformation that has been provided by the candidate without verifying the\ninformation. Electronic \nreferences will be vetted to ensure they originate from a credible source.\n\n\n \n\n5.17. Professional qualifications will be verified, as appropriate.\n\n\n \n\n5.18. The criteria for NOT appointing children\u2019s workers are:\n\n\n \n\nPrevious offences against children.\n\n\n \n\nIf the Governors and Trustees have reservations about an individual\u2019s\nbehaviour, lifestyle, \nattitudes, and spiritual commitment.\n\n\n\u00a9 The Vine Christian School 2021\n\n\n \n\nTMC_VCS_Appointment of Staff and Safer \nRecruitment_2021-v1 \n0\n\n\n \nPage 7 of 16\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1595685, "type": "text", "content": "2\\. A listing of: (i) other licenses, permits, registrations held by the\napplicant; and (ii) \nother qualifications required by federal, state county or town law to promote, \nprovide, or render advice regarding the offered goods or services.\n\n\n \n\n# G. BCI background check. The applicant shall provide:\n\n\n \n\n1\\. An original or a copy of a BCI background check; and \n2\\. A signed copy of a waiver whereby applicant agrees to allow the Village to\nobtain \na name/date of birth BCI background check on applicant for purposes of \nenforcement of this chapter.\n\n\n \n\nH. Responses to questions regarding \"disqualifying status.\" The applicant\nshall be required \nto affirm or deny each of the following statements on the application form:\n\n\nI.\n\n\nJ.\n\n\n \n\n1\\. Has the applicant been criminally convicted of: \na. Felony homicide or assault; \nb. Physically abusing, sexually abusing, or exploiting a minor; \nc. The sale or distribution of controlled substances; or \nd. Sexual assault of any kind. \n2\\. Are any criminal charges currently pending against the applicant for: \na. Felony homicide or assault; \nb. Physically abusing, sexually abusing, or exploiting a minor; \nc. The sale or distribution of controlled substances; or \nd. Sexual assault of any kind. \n3\\. Has the applicant been criminally convicted of a felony within the last 10\nyears; \n4\\. Has the applicant been incarcerated in a federal or state prison within\nthe past five \nyears; \n5\\. Has the applicant been criminally convicted of a misdemeanor within the\npast five \nyears involving a crime of moral turpitude or violent or aggravated conduct \ninvolving persons or property; \n6\\. Has a final civil judgment been entered against the applicant within the\nlast five \nyears indicating that: \na. The applicant had either engaged in fraud or intentional misrepresentation;\nor \nb. That a debt of the applicant was nondischargeable in bankruptcy pursuant to\n11 \nU.S.C. \u00a7 523(a)(2), (a)(4), (a)(6) or (a)(19). \n7\\. Is the applicant currently on parole or probation to any court, penal\ninstitution, or \ngovernmental entity, including being under house arrest or subject to a\ntracking \ndevice; \n8\\. Does the applicant have an outstanding arrest warrant from any\njurisdiction; or \n9\\. Is the applicant currently subject to a protective order based on physical\nor sexual \nabuse issued by a court of competent jurisdiction. \nFee. The applicant shall pay such fees as determined by the Village by way of\na \nresolution, which shall not exceed the reasonable cost of processing the\napplication \nand issuing the certificate and/or identification badge. \nExecution of application. The applicant shall execute the application form,\nstating \nupon oath or affirmation, under penalty of perjury, that based on the present \nknowledge and belief of the applicant, the information provided is complete,\ntruthful \nand accurate.\n\n\n11\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1714096, "type": "text", "content": "# 4.6 References\n\n\n \n\nReferences for the successful applicant will be sent for immediately following \ninterview. Two professional references must be provided. One must be from \nthe candidate\u2019s current or most recent employer. These will always be sought \nand obtained directly from the referee and their purpose is to provide \nobjective and factual information. Any discrepancies or anomalies will be \nfollowed up. PF does not accept open references, testimonials or references \nfrom relatives. Employment is subject to these references being satisfactory.\n\n\n# 4 .7 The Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974\n\n\n \n\nThe Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974 does not apply to positions which \ninvolve working with, or having access to children, young people and \nvulnerable adults. Therefore, any convictions and cautions that would \nnormally be considered \u2018SPENT\u2019 must be declared when applying for any \nposition at People First.\n\n\n# 4 .8 DBS (Disclosure and Barring Service) Certificate\n\n\n \n\nAlmost all staff at PF require an \u2018Enhanced DBS Certificate (in some cases a \nDBS certificate with a Barred List is required and in some cases a \u2018standard\u2019 \ncertificate is appropriate). The appropriate DBS Certificate will be obtained \nbefore the commencement of employment of any new employee. All new \nstaff are required to join the update service and a rolling programme for \ncurrent staff is in place to joint the update service. All Volunteers will be\nrisk \nassessed and will be subject to the same checks as members of staff, as \nappropriate, and we also request them to register with the DBS update \nservice. See the PF Disclosure and Barring Service Policy for further \ninformation.\n\n\n# 4 .9 Safeguarding and Prevent\n\n\n \n\nA number of staff will also be required to complete Safeguarding for children, \nSafeguarding for adults and PREVENT training. The safeguarding online \ntraining modules offer an introduction to Safeguarding and the Prevent duty \nmodule, explains how it aims to safeguard vulnerable people from being \nradicalised to supporting terrorism or becoming terrorists themselves.\n\n\n4 .10 Prohibition Checks (Teaching and EEA)\n\n\n \n\nA Prohibition Check will also be carried out before the commencement of \nemployment of any new employee working within the Hospitality Academy, if \nappropriate.\n\n\nPolicies and Procedures\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 391046, "type": "text", "content": "and indicate that the prospect for lease compliance in the future is good\nbecause the \nreason for the unacceptable behavior is either no longer in effect or\notherwise controlled.\n\n\nWhere an applicant claims that prior unacceptable tenancy-related behavior\nresulted from \nalcohol abuse or use of illegal drugs, acceptable verification of mitigating\ncircumstances \nwould have to establish that, as applicable:\n\n\n\uf0b7 There is no current illegal use, within the last year, of controlled\nsubstances. If such \nuse is documented, applicant must present evidence that such use has stopped\nand is \nunlikely to recur.\n\n\n\uf0b7 There is no current abuse of alcohol and abuse is unlikely to recur.\n\n\n \n\n\uf0b7 During the period for which the applicant has claimed no current use, the\napplicant's \nbehavior in the previously unacceptable tenancy-related area must have been\nacceptable.\n\n\n \n\n\uf0b7 In any case of confirmed, continued, unacceptable tenancy-related behavior,\ndespite \nthe cessation of drugs or alcohol use, an applicant may be rejected.\n\n\nAn Agent will consider an applicant\u2019s credit history, in lieu of rental\nhistory to determine \nan applicant\u2019s ability to pay rent only when rental history is not available.\nWhere bad \ncredit is the basis for rejection, mitigating circumstances may include: (i) a\nrepresentative \npayer or other reliable third party who would take written responsibility for\npayment, or \n(ii) evidence that such poor credit was the result of a disability that is now\nunder control, \nor (iii) evidence that credit problems were the result of other circumstances\nthat no longer \nexist and there is reason to believe that applicant will now pay the rent\npromptly and in \nfull. An applicant\u2019s ability and willingness to pay rent must be demonstrated\nthrough an \nidentifiable source of sufficient income to pay rent and prior rental history.\nThe lack of \ncredit history, as opposed to poor credit history, is not sufficient\njustification to reject an \napplicant. The Agent will also take into account rent burden if an applicant\ncan \ndemonstrate a history of satisfying a higher rent burden than the Agent\nnormally \nemploys. (See Rejection Standards)\n\n\n \n\nThe Agent shall have the right to request information reasonably needed to\nverify the \nmitigating circumstances, even if such information is of a confidential nature\n(e.g. \ndoctors\u2019 reports). If the applicant refuses to provide or give access to such\nfurther \ninformation the Agent may choose not to give further consideration to the\nmitigating \ncircumstance.\n\n\nP rohibited Screening Criteria - The Agent will not screen applicants for\neligibility \non the basis of the following:\n\n\n \n52\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1477323, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='49' style='font-size:16px'>1 5. EXPERIENCE</h1>\n<br><table id='50' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">Name of Place</td><td rowspan=\"2\">Location (City/State or Country)</td><td colspan=\"2\">Dates (Mo/Yr)</td></tr><tr><td>From</td><td>To</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='51' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>16. LICENSES \u2013 (List of all jurisdiction where you are licensed or applied for a license.)</p>\n<br><table id='52' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>Name of Jurisdiction</td><td>Date Issued</td><td>Expiration Date</td><td>License Number</td><td>Current Status</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>\n<br><table id='53' style='font-size:20px'><tr><td>17.</td><td>Name/Address of Intended Employment within the CNMI:</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>If you answer \u201cyes\u201d for any of items 18-32 you must attach a detailed explanation on a separate sheet, which includes state or<br>country where action is pending or took place, relevant dates, action taken and reasons for such action. (Include Findings of<br>Fact, Conclusion of Law, Final Order and whether you have been reinstated. If reinstated, date and conditions of license.)</p>\n<br><table id='55' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>18. Have you ever been charged with, or been found to have committed dishonorable, unprofessional conduct, negligence, incompetence, misconduct, or repeated negligent acts by any licensing board, other agency, or clinic?</td><td>Yes</td><td>No</td></tr><tr><td>19. Has a claim or an action ever been filed against you for your profession which resulted in a settlement, judgment, or arbitration award of $25.000 or more?</td><td>Yes</td><td>No</td></tr><tr><td>20. Has any licensing board, other agency, or disciplinary authority refused to issue you a license, renew your license, suspended, revoked, accepted surrender of your license, placed on probation or conditioned your license, held by you now or previously, or ever fined or otherwise disciplined you?</td><td>Yes</td><td>No</td></tr><tr><td>21. Is there any ongoing or pending investigation against you?</td><td>Yes</td><td>No</td></tr><tr><td>22. Is there any disciplinary action pending against you?</td><td>Yes</td><td>No</td></tr><tr><td>23. Has any clinic or training program restricted or terminated your professional training, employment, or privileges or have you ever voluntarily or involuntarily resigned or withdrawn from such association to avoid imposition of such measures?</td><td>Yes</td><td>No</td></tr><tr><td>24. Has your ability to practice your profession in a competent and safe manner ever been impaired or limited by any condition, behavior, impairment, or limitation of a physical, mental, or emotional nature?</td><td>Yes</td><td>No</td></tr><tr><td>25. Have you used or are you currently using any chemical substances(s), legal or illegal, that in any way impaired or limited, or is currently impairing or limiting, your ability to practice your profession in a safe and competent manner?</td><td>Yes</td><td>No</td></tr></table>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 28827, "type": "text", "content": "IV. Applicant is a member in good standing of the bar of the highest court of\nthe state of\n\n\n \n\nFor Court Use Only. \nBar StatusVerified:\n\n\n \n\n, where Applicant regularly practices law.\n\n\n \n\n_______________\n\n\n \n\nBar license number:_______________ Admission date:____________________________\n\n\nAttach to this application an original certificate of good standing issued\nwithin the past 90 days from the \nattorney licensing authority in a state in which you are admitted to practice\n(e.g., State Bar of Texas).\n\n\nV. Applicant has also been admitted to practice before the following courts:\n\n\nVI. Applicant has never involuntarily lost, temporarily or permanently, the\nright to practice before \nany court or tribunal, or resigned in lieu of discipline, except as provided\nbelow:\n\n\nVII. Applicant has never been subject to grievance proceedings or involuntary\nremoval proceedings\u2014 \nregardless of outcome\u2014while a member of the bar of any state or federal court\nor tribunal that requires \nadmission to practice, except as provided below:\n\n\nVIII. Applicant has not been charged, arrested, or convicted of a criminal\noffense or offenses, except \nas provided below (omit minor traffic offenses):\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 15672, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='39' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>competence and ethical participation in the legal profession; (5) giving timely oral and<br>written feedback to the applicant; (6) engaging the applicant in ret1cction on his/her<br>experiences and learning during the apprenticeship; and (7) certifying that the preceding<br>elements have been complied with, and that the applicant has satisfactorily completed the<br>apprenticeship.</p>\n<br><p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(iii) Any apprenticeship completed under this paragraph shall be conducted in compliance<br>with all applicable federal , state and local laws and regulations.<br>(5) Practice in another jurisdiction. An applicant who has been authorized to practice law<br>in another United States jurisdiction or any other country, territory or commonwealth<br>outside the continental United States may satisfy the skills competency requirement by<br>establishing and submitting proof that the applicant has been in good standing and<br>practiced law in that jurisdiction full-time tor at least one year or half-time lor two years<br>following the applicant's authorization to practice. Prior legal practice may quality even<br>if it occurred without Jormal admission to the bar if the applicant engaged in lawful<br>practice in a country, territory or commonwealth that permits legal practice without<br>formal admission to the bar, and if the prior practice was lor at least one year or half-time<br>tor two years, in full compliance with the jurisdiction's rules. For an applicant who<br>qualifies tor the bar exam after completion of an LL.M. degree pursuant to section 520.6<br>of this Part, the applicant's practice may occur before or after commencement of the<br>LL.M. program.<br>(b) Proof required. An applicant shall submit to the appropriate Appellate Division</p>\n<br><p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>department of Supreme Court an Affidavit of Compliance with the Skills Competency</p>\n<footer id='42' style='font-size:18px'>7</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1250896, "type": "text", "content": "# (d) Disciplinary History:\n\n\n \n\nHas there been any instance of violation or non- \nadherence to securities laws, code of ethics/standard of \nconduct, conduct of business rules/regulations for \nwhich the applicant, any director or officer of the \napplicant or its parent/holding company or affiliate may \nhave been subjected to economic or criminal liability or \nsuspended from carrying out its operations or the \nregistration, has been revoked?\n\n\n \n\n_ _____________________\n\n\n16\\. Has any director or officer of the applicant within the past 10 years \u2013\n\n\n \n\n# Answer\n\n\n \n\n(a) been known by any name other than the name or \nnames shown in this application? \n(b) been convicted of any offence other than a traffic \noffence or have any proceedings now pending \nwhich may lead to a conviction? \n(c) had judgement including findings in relation to \nfraud, misrepresentation or dishonesty been given \nagainst him/her in any civil proceedings? \n(d) been declared bankrupt or compounded with or \nmade an arrangement for the benefit of his/her \ncreditors? \n(e) been disqualified as a director, or been director of \na company that has gone into receivership or \nliquidation?\n\n\n17\\. Has any director or officer of the applicant had any \nexperience in performing the functions for which a \nlicence is required?\n\n\n1 8. Provide any additional information that you may consider relevant in\nprocessing this \napplication on an annexure sheet attached as an addendum to this application.\n\n\nPage 11 of 13\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 28828, "type": "text", "content": "IX. Applicant has filed for pro hac vice admission in the United States\nDistrict Court for the \nNorthern District of Texas during the past three (3) years in the following\nmatters:\n\n\nDate of Application: Case No. And Style:\n\n\nSignature\n\n\n \n\nIf the applicant files this document through the applicant\u2019s electronic-filing\naccount, the applicant\u2019s typed name on the signature block constitutes the \napplicant\u2019s signature. If the applicant does not file this document through\nthe applicant\u2019s electronic-filing account, the applicant must sign on the \nsignature line.\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}]	An applicant has never faced grievance proceedings and practices in a state where they are in good standing. Are there any other checks related to disciplinary actions that they satisfy?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 275, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 1461136, "type": "text", "content": "# OCTOBER 4-5, 2017\n\n\n1 094 Approve findings to authorize an exemption to the competitive bidding\nrequirements and authorize the \nuse of the alternative contracting method of Construction Manager/General\nContractor in connection with the \nColumbia Boulevard Wastewater Treatment Plant Secondary Treatment Expansion\nProgram for an estimated \namount of $89,000,000\n\n\nT his legislation authorizes the City to use a Construction Management/General\nContractor (CM/CG) \ncontracting method for the CBWTP Secondary Treatment Expansion Project. The\nproposed plan to expand \nsecondary treatment was approved by DEQ in March 2017. The expansion provides\nmore biological \ntreatment during high rain events and adds resiliency to the plant. Under the\nrecently amended 2011 Mutual \nAgreement and Order with DEQ, the City is required to complete the expanded\nsecondary treatment facilities \nby December 2024. A secondary expansion project was originally budgeted for\n$56 million in estimated \nconstruction costs. The current estimate for this work is $89 million and has\na low level of confidence; total \nestimated program costs are $145.7 million. Per the bureau, the change is\ndriven by constructability, \nsequencing and risk reduction, and the inclusion of other improvement\nprojects. The bureau also states that \nthe project will be actively monitored throughout the year to ensure the\nproject stays within FY 2017-18 \nAdopted Budget for all the individual projects. Additional funding will be\nrequested in the bureau\u2019s FY 2018-19 \nand five-year capital improvement plan.\n\n\n* 1101 Prohibit transfers of Recreational Vehicles with malfunctioning or non-functioning waste water \nsystems (Ordinance introduced by Mayor Wheeler and Commissioner Saltzman; add\nCode \nSection 14A.30.070) 30 minutes requested\n\n\n \n\nCity bureaus, primarily PBOT and Portland Police Bureau, shoulder the expense\nof removing these vehicles \nfrom the Right of Way and disposing of any sewage or waste. These expenses are\nlikely to exceed $1.0 \nmillion in FY 2017-18. Council provided $150,000 in November of 2016 to\ndisassemble derelict RVs, and the \nadded towing surcharges total approximately $175,000 in revenues this year.\nAdditional costs to the City are \nabsorbed through internal budgets. PBOT doesn't anticipate this program to add\nto the overall cost of the \nderelict RV program and may result in cost reductions.\n\n\n5 of 5\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1713961, "type": "text", "content": "Page 5 \nAndrea Tevlin, Independent Budget Analyst, IBA \nMay 26, 2021\n\n\nW eed Abatement\n\n\n \n\nWeeds and vegetation on the public right of way have been a constant issue in\ncommunities of \nconcern. Not only are overgrown weeds a blight to the community they also pose\nas a public \nsafety hazard. The City should supplement existing funding towards weed\nabatement to \nenhance comprehensive and routine clearance efforts of overgrowing weeds and\nvegetation. \nApproximate Cost: $500,000\n\n\nT ree Trimming\n\n\n \n\nStreet trees are trimmed for public safety requirements and to clear public\nrights-of-way. The \nCity should supplement existing funding towards this service to ensure the\ntrees in the City \nare optimally maintained and do not pose a threat to public safety. \nApproximate Cost: $900,000\n\n\nP ublic Power Feasibility Study\n\n\n \n\nGreenhouse Gas emissions total in San Diego in 2019 were approximately 9.6\nmillion metric \ntons CO2e (MMT CO2e). This is a 25 percent decrease in emissions from 2010,\naccording to the \n2020 Climate Action Annual Report. To further capitalize on the benefits of\ndecreases in \nelectricity consumption and economic relief for the City's residents, the City\nshould allocate \nfunding for a feasibility study and business plan to explore the procedures,\nlogistics and \nfinancing for a public power utility. \nApproximate Cost: $500,000\n\n\n# R ent Registry Nexus Study\n\n\n \n\nA nexus study should be commissioned to analyze the costs and feasibility of\nestablishing a \nrent registry with an associated registry fee. Revenue generated from the rent\nregistry fee \nshould be specifically allocated to support a tenant board, maintenance of the\nrent registry, \nand local rent control measures to enforce the California Tenant Protection\nACT (AB 1492). \nApproximate Cost: unknown\n\n\n# O ffice of City Auditor Budget Restoration\n\n\n \n\nThe Office of the City Auditor is an independent office that reports, and is\naccountable to, the \nAudit Committee and City Council. The City should fund the restoration of the\nbudget. \nApproximate Cost: $91,000\n\n\nL ifeguards\n\n\n \n\nThe City\u2019s beautiful beaches are visited by community members from all council \ndistricts. Therefore, lifeguards are essential to ensuring City beaches are\nsafe and secure. The \nCity should allocate funding towards enhancing lifeguard personnel\nexpenditures. \nApproximate Cost: $675,000\n\n\n# Code Enforcement\n\n\n \n\nCode Enforcement works in partnership with citizens to ensure, improve and\nmaintain safe \nand desirable San Diego neighborhoods. The City should allocate funds to\nincrease the amount \nfor 10 full time employees to effectively handle the influx of code\nenforcement investigations. \nApproximate Cost: unknown\n\n\nE nergy Independence Fund \nWith the $10 million secured from the franchise agreement $1.2 million should\nbe allocated to \nand Energy Independence Fund. This fund, created through future Environment\nCommittee \nand Council action, would be dedicated to creating a pool of money necessary\nto take the \nvarious steps required for energy independence. \nApproximate Cost: $1,200,000\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2384572, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='75' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(89,87); bottom-right:(316,313)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='76' style='font-size:22px'>COUNTY COUNCIL</h1>\n<h1 id='77' style='font-size:20px'>ADDITIONAL APPROPRIATION REQUEST FROM<br>THE GENERAL FUND:</h1>\n<p id='78' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>DEPARTMENT:</p>\n<br><p id='79' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Information Technology</p>\n<h1 id='80' style='font-size:18px'>LINE ITEM NUMBER:</h1>\n<br><p id='81' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>100-4101-419-4303</p>\n<h1 id='82' style='font-size:18px'>REQUESTED AMOUNT: $ 330,914</h1>\n<br><p id='83' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>FOR LINE ITEM UNDER CONSIDERATION, YTD EXPENDITURES & ANTICIPATED EXPENDITURES:<br>100%</p>\n<p id='84' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>WAS THIS INCLUDED IN THE ANNUAL BUDGET REQUEST? IF NOT, WHY NOT?</p>\n<br><p id='85' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Yes. As a result of the transition to KSM Consulting, their transition efforts discovered a number of issues related to<br>cybersecurity and infrastructure stability as well as tools to increase efficiency.</p>\n<h1 id='86' style='font-size:18px'>HOW WILL THIS APPROPRIATION BE USED?</h1>\n<br><p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>These funds will be the County's portion of a City/County infrastructure improvement project</p>\n<p id='88' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>SPECIFIC COST OF ITEM AND HOW WAS THIS COST DETERMINED?</p>\n<br><p id='89' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The 2021 cost of these improvements is estimated to be $1,397,285. The County's 40% portion is $558,914. The<br>Commissioners will provide $228,000 from the refresh program. So the request is $330,914.</p>\n<h1 id='90' style='font-size:18px'>IS THIS A RECURRING EXPENSE?</h1>\n<br><p id='91' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Yes. There are ongoing costs for some items.</p>\n<p id='92' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>WILL OTHER EXPENDITURES BE NECESSARY?</p>\n<br><p id='93' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The new vendor has identified security and stability issues in our infrastructure that need to be addressed. The costs<br>for addressing the current issues and modernizing the environment have been identified.</p>\n<p id='94' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>DISCUSSED WITH LIAISON? Scheduled for May 4</p>\n<h1 id='95' style='font-size:18px'>LIAISON'S NAME: Chris Spurr</h1>\n<p id='96' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>After saving this form, email it to<br>Becky Butler in the Auditor's Office</p>\n<br><footer id='97' style='font-size:14px'>DATE REVISED 8/2017</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 53257, "type": "text", "content": "Special Meeting of the Council of the County of Maui \nJune 22, 2015 \nPage 27\n\n\nAnd, you know, I've all, I've felt for a long time that what we do here,\nbecause we're \nunder the Sunshine Law and because of the way we operate, everything we do\nhere \nis transparent. What we do on the budget is on TV; ad nauseam. I mean I, I'm\nsure \npeople use it to get to sleep more than they look at it for information.\n\n\n \n\nBut, actions by the Administration can be done without any public notice,\nwithout any \npublic knowledge, without any scrutiny. So, this is simply putting a level of\npublic \nscrutiny and scrutiny by the Council on a process that I think has gotten a\nlittle bit out \nof control because it is a program budget and they can move money wherever\nthey \nlike.\n\n\nAnd, I think you all may have heard the same thing I've heard, but one\ndepartment \nhead told me once, I really don't care where you put the money cause once I\nget the \nbudget, I can spend it wherever I like. Well, I don't like that. And, I know\nif I had that, \nthat attitude, my boss at the hotel would, wouldn't put up with it. So, I've\nsaid \nenough.\n\n\nMr. Victorino.\n\n\nCOUNCILMEMBER VICTORINO: No I think, I, I, I had a question on the word you\njust said, \nbut I forgot the word so I can't even ask you what the question was. You do\nthose, \nyou do some of the most fantastic words, wording, and some of us--\n\n\n \n\nCHAIR WHITE: Yea, just don't ask me to define it.\n\n\nCOUNCILMEMBER VICTORINO: That's the question, how do you define it. But, in\nclosing \nI, I think I have to bring up one more point and that's very, very important.\nAs you \nmentioned, and some others have mentioned, that the end is like Christmas is\nJune, \nyou know, I heard that terminology, Christmas in June. But, you know, I think\none of \nthe biggest factors that has predicated that is the fact that if you don't\nspend it, part of \nit is you're penalized the next year because we look at it like, hey, you\ndidn't buy this, \nhey, you didn't spend this money. So, we're going to penalize and give you\nless. \nAnd, sometimes I wonder if, really, fiscal prudence on the departments part\nshould be \npenalized, maybe we should be looking at some reward.\n\n\n \n\nNow, I know in your world and in the corporate world, there's things called\nbonuses, \nand other issues that when you do a good job, and your boss is happy, and\nyou've \nmade what they, beyond expectations of whatever your profit goals were or\nwhatever \nyour sales goals were; whatever it may be, there is some kind of reward at the\nend. \nIn government, really can't do that.\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 53256, "type": "text", "content": "Special Meeting of the Council of the County of Maui \nJune 22, 2015 \nPage 26\n\n\nCOUNCILMEMBER COCHRAN: Thank you, Chair, for this opportunity. And, thank you \nagain, Budget Chair Hokama, for your comments. I just want to know if there's \nanything to be of concern in regards to a comment in Mayor's letter here about\nthis is \nan outdated method not considered a best practices approach to budgeting by \nGovernment Finance Officers Association, GFOA? The reason for the question is, \nbecause during bond ratings and things of that nature, is that an issue that\nwe need \nto look at? I'm not sure the validity of that comment, if any of us have.\n\n\n \n\nCHAIR WHITE: I, I don't believe it's a valid concern because I think that\nanyone who's \ninvolved in, in budgeting and bond rating will look at spending restrictions\nas a \npositive not a negative.\n\n\n \n\n# COUNCILMEMBER COCHRAN: Okay.\n\n\n \n\n# CHAIR WHITE: Mr. Couch.\n\n\nCOUNCILMEMBER COUCH: Thank you, Mr. Chair. And, you know, some of the things \nthat everybody says is very important. And, as you said, you know, and I\nbrought up \ntoo, is the fact that only Mr. Goode came up here speaks volumes that it,\nmaybe \nthey're not so worried about it. Or if they are, they're not willing to come\nup and talk \nabout it, which I don't understand that.\n\n\nSo, you know, I'm all for, I, I don't think its anymore transparent than what\nit is now. \nI'm definitely for transparency, but, you know, if, if, if we don't get the\nhue and cry \nfrom the people who its affecting then no sense, you know what I mean. So,\nand, I \nagree with pretty much what everybody said, especially Mr. Guzman. It is a\nhybrid \ncause, you're right, it was line item before it became program. So, it's kind\nof \nstepping down a notch. Hopefully we don't step down further than that, back to\nline \nitem cause that's crazy. And, so I can be supportive of it at this time. Thank\nyou.\n\n\n \n\nCHAIR WHITE: Now to your, your comment about transparency. This is where I see\nthis \nmeasure as providing much more transparency. And, it has to do with the\nequipment \nshopping that goes on. Right now, yea we, we learn about it, but only after\nthe fact. \nSo, with this measure, if there's equipment that is necessary, they need to\ncome to \nus. They need to have it presented in a public arena. Right now, there's no \ntransparency in that process. They simply go out and buy it. And, you know,\nwe've \nhad big pieces of equipment in that list of, amounting to $1.2 million; one\nvery big \npiece of equipment and others that are numerous pieces of equipment. So, you \nknow, for me, this is definitely a move to make it more transparent if we're\ngoing to \nhave to replace things.\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1781101, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='110' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>ONENE--TTIME EEXPENDITURES (C(CONT ONT.).)<br>O IME<br>XPENDITURES</p>\n<br><table id='111' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>TITLE</td><td>EST. COST</td><td>DESCRIPTION</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">PUBLIC WORKS INFRASTRUCTURE</td></tr><tr><td>Citywide Pavement Manage- ment System Update</td><td>$ 750,000</td><td>This system provides for the systematic evaluation and replacement of the 815 miles of City roadways. The information is over 10 years old. An updated system would increase accuracy in tracking and costing future repairs and prioritizing repaving, rebuilding and slurrying.</td></tr><tr><td>Citywide Sidewalk Survey Update</td><td>$ 500,000</td><td>Staff currently relies upon a sidewalk survey conducted in 1999 to recommend target areas for the annual sidewalk replacement program. A new survey will allow the City to more effectively and accurately manage its capital improvement program.</td></tr><tr><td>Asphalt Zipper</td><td>$ 100,000</td><td>Machine allows for a 2-person crew to replace sections of streets that suffer from tree root intru- sion in a few hours. Existing equipment requires a 4-person crew two days to complete work.</td></tr><tr><td>CityPlace Parking Garage Improvements</td><td>$ 160,000</td><td>The project is needed to improve access for the disabled, perform repairs to the ground floor asphalt and the parking machines, and to make improvements to the facade.</td></tr><tr><td>Alley Projects</td><td>$ 900,000</td><td>Funds would be distributed throughout the City to address the most critical alley repair needs.</td></tr><tr><td>Repair and Replacement Contingency</td><td>$ 1,000,000</td><td>Provide contingency funds that the City Manager may use to fund equipment or facility repairs that otherwise are not budgeted and cannot be delayed until the next budget.</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">CRITICAL PUBLIC FACILITIES UPGRADES</td></tr><tr><td>Emergency Exit Doors at Park Facilities</td><td>$ 25,000</td><td>One-time upgrade to repair and replace six emergency exit doors to address safety issues.</td></tr><tr><td>Roof Replacement at Park Facilities</td><td>$ 475,000</td><td>One-time roof repair and replacement at multiple sites that are currently leading to ongoing maintenance costs, safety and aesthetic issues that are impacting use of the facilities.</td></tr><tr><td>Replace Doors, Frames and Windows at Park Facilities</td><td>$ 225,000</td><td>Replacement of chronic failing doors, frames, and windows at park facilities and community centers.</td></tr><tr><td>Community Center Repairs</td><td>$ 100,000</td><td>One-time repair of current community centers (e.g., deferred painting, plumbing, electrical).</td></tr><tr><td>Parks Bathroom Partition Replacement and Repair</td><td>$ 150,000</td><td>One-time installation of new bathroom stall partitions in park freestanding restrooms (both men and women).</td></tr><tr><td>Park Walkway Repairs</td><td>$ 250,000</td><td>Multiple park sites have walkways that are in dire need of repair. Funds will be used to repair and replace uneven walkways in parks.</td></tr><tr><td>Upgrade and Replace Park Irrigation Systems</td><td>$ 1,100,000</td><td>One time upgrade and replacement of irrigation systems. Replacement will result in significant ongoing reduction of water usage at multiple sites.</td></tr><tr><td>Renovate and Repair Athletic Fields</td><td>$ 100,000</td><td>One-time upgrade to existing athletic fields currently rented by youth and adult leagues to help reduce ongoing renovation costs.</td></tr><tr><td>Library Roof Replacement</td><td>$ 500,000</td><td>The majority of branch library roofs have exceeded their useful life. Potential for leakage, damaging the collection and equipment.</td></tr><tr><td>Library Security Cameras and Security Improvements</td><td>$ 76,000</td><td>Cameras, DVRs, and monitors for 12 libraries to allow for monitoring of facilities. Install addition- al fencing and exterior security lighting at three branch libraries.</td></tr><tr><td>West Facilities Center Roof Replacement</td><td>$ 275,000</td><td>The West Facilities Center roof has several leaks that damage the facility's fixtures and equip- ment during heavy rains and must be replaced.</td></tr><tr><td>MSC Telecommunications Reconfiguration</td><td>$ 150,000</td><td>The Multi-Service Center for the Homeless (MSC) is undergoing a facility modernization funded by LA County. Floor plan changes require a reconfiguration of the facility's telephone/intranet/ internet infrastructure including cabling and equipment in order to complete the project.</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">ORGANIZATIONAL INVESTMENTS & FY 14 ELECTIONS</td></tr><tr><td>FY14 Elections and Possible Run-Offs</td><td>$ 2,170,000</td><td>FY14 elections, assuming a full race in every office and no appointments, is estimated to cost $2.9 million, with $649,000 in reimbursement revenue from LB Unified and City College.</td></tr><tr><td>Establish an Efficiency Incentive Revolving Fund</td><td>$ 1,000,000</td><td>This fund would be created to provide a revolving fund for projects that pay back the initial invest- ment over a few years through the savings created. Money would be returned by a charge to the impacted department's operating budget.</td></tr><tr><td>Develop New Employee Orientation</td><td>$ 40,000</td><td>an on-line orientation for new employees to more efficiently and expeditiously ensure they receive necessary information as they begin their City careers.</td></tr><tr><td>Human Resources Academy</td><td>$ 35,000</td><td>Recent changes in State and Federal law related to employee issues (including health care bene- fits, labor relations, and pension reform) require training to ensure the City's Human Resources staff are properly prepared and certified to implement changes throughout the organization.</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">AVAILABLE FOR COUNCIL-DIRECTED POLICY DECISIONS</td></tr><tr><td>Funds Available for Council Policy Priorities</td><td>$ 3,257,000</td><td>To be determined.</td></tr></table>\n<br><footer id='112' style='font-size:16px'>10</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 53255, "type": "text", "content": "Special Meeting of the Council of the County of Maui \nJune 22; 2015 \nPage 25\n\n\nhelp take those initial critical improvements to restore the confidence that\nwe expect \nof our, of all our officials.\n\n\nYou know, I can tell you, Chairman, I take pride in, that we are part of a\nlocal \ngovernment of the Counties because it is the only level of government, versus\nthe \nState and the Federal government, through the last 20 years has improved in\nits view \nfrom the community on where they've, how they rate their governments. The\nFederal \ngovernment is at its lowest rating ever. The State is not that far behind.\nThey've \ngone down in their approval ratings. Counties and municipalities have gone\nslightly \nup in their performance and confidence of their people. It's because we get\nthe job \ndone and we'll do it transparently and we'll make those accountable,\naccountable.\n\n\nSo, I thank our Members for continuing the path of, what I believe is,\nrestoring the \ntrust. I think we are happy to see that whatever it be, I'm with, I agree with \nMr. Guzman; nothing is static. Everything is continually a work of progress.\nAnd, six \nmonths from now, I hope that we can say some of these restrictions may not be \nneeded in the future because of compliance, because of performance, and of\ncourse; \none, acceptance of being responsible for actions. I think that is one thing\nour people \nwant; that we take responsibility for actions. We make a lot of decisions, and\na lot of \ntimes when the you know what hits the fan, everybody starts ducking and nobody \nwants to take responsibility. But, then they shouldn't be in those positions\nof \nauthority.\n\n\n \n\nSo, I appreciate the Members points of view. I believe this is in the best\ninterest of \nour County and our communities. And, I thank you for this opportunity.\n\n\n \n\nCHAIR WHITE: Well, I want to thank you for leading us through this because I\nthink it is an \nimportant move to provide more transparency and accountability. And I think\nit's \nsomething that's livable. And, I think it's, I think the Administration,\nalthough they've \nbeen objecting to what we're doing, I think it speaks volumes that Mr. Goode\nis the \nonly person who's come down to, to make a presentation. And, I've not had a\nsingle \nindividual come to tell me that their big problem with this. So, I appreciate\nit because \nI, I think we are moving in a very responsible direction.\n\n\nAnd, I believe the people expect us to hold the Administration accountable.\nAnd, I \nthink the Administration, in the end, is going to feel probably a little\nbetter because \nthey'll be able to say, hey, we can't do that, we've got to stick with, you\nknow, within \nthe rules that the Council has set. So, I think this is a, a very healthy\nthing for us to \ndo. It may provide them with a, a little bit of a headache in the short term\nbut I really \nthink that they will learn to live with it.\n\n\nSo, any further, Ms. Cochran.\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2232499, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='16' style='font-size:14px'>5 .0 Privacy Impact Implications</h1>\n<p id='17' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>5.1 There are no new privacy impact implications arising from this report. A full Privacy<br>Impact Assessment will be completed for the introduction of the new system but the<br>type of information collected and processed by this council using the new system is not<br>anticipated to change as it is covered by statutory requirements.</p>\n<br><h1 id='18' style='font-size:14px'>6.0 Legal Implications</h1>\n<p id='19' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>6.1 The purchase of the Committee Management System will enable the more efficient<br>discharge of the council\u2019s legal obligations in relation to the publication of agendas,<br>reports and minutes and councillor\u2019s Registers of Interests.</p>\n<h1 id='20' style='font-size:14px'>7.0 Risk Management</h1>\n<p id='21' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>7.1 The proposed system will be \u2018cloud\u2019 based and therefore it will help mitigate the risk of<br>loss of availability of information about the council\u2019s democratic processes.</p>\n<p id='22' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>8.0 Resource and Financial Implications</p>\n<p id='23' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>8.1 This report is of a financial nature and the implications are set out within the report.</p>\n<p id='24' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>9.0 Constitutional Implications</p>\n<p id='25' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>9.1 There are no known constitutional implications arising from this report.</p>\n<p id='26' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>10.0 Implications for our Customers</p>\n<p id='27' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>10.1 The committee management system will improve access for the public to the council\u2019s<br>decisions. The current publication of agenda, reports and minutes on the council\u2019s<br>website requires residents to have an in-depth knowledge of the council\u2019s decision<br>making system in order to find items of interest. There are also options to enable<br>residents and councillors to subscribe to updates to specific committees or for specific<br>topics, such as anything happening in their ward.</p>\n<h1 id='28' style='font-size:18px'>11.0 Corporate Outcomes</h1>\n<p id='29' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>11.1 This report links to the corporate outcome of Good Value for Money \u2013 Purchase of the<br>system will simplify the current complex manual processes to support governance<br>activities. It may also be possible to reduce some printing, paper and postage costs in<br>due course.</p>\n<h1 id='30' style='font-size:18px'>12.0 Recommendation</h1>\n<p id='31' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>12.1 The Finance and Performance Sub-Committee is asked to approve the transfer of<br>\u00a318,000 from the development pool into the 2018/19 capital programme for the<br>purchase of a Committee Management System.</p>\n<br><p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>[ Reason: To enable improvements to the creation, publication and dissemination of</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3069305, "type": "text", "content": "# Public procurement\n\n\n# Overview\n\n\n \n\nThe abuse of human rights in our supply \nchains through modern slavery is gaining \ngreater awareness. The United Nations \nGuiding Principles on Business and Human \nRights require that states should promote \nrespect for human rights by the businesses \nwhich they transact with; in the UK, the \nModern Slavery Act contained a number of \nprovisions around procurement and supply \nchains. It sought to make supply chains \nmore transparent for consumers and to \npush for a movement for the eradication of \nmodern slavery from the supply chains of \nbusinesses operating in the UK. It requires \ncommercial organisations, turning over in \nexcess of \u00a336 million annually, to report on \ntheir efforts to identify, prevent and mitigate \nthe risk of modern slavery in their commercial \noperations by publishing an annual Slavery \nand Human Traf\ufb01cking Statement.\n\n\n \n\nCouncils should consult with their monitoring \nof\ufb01cers on their council\u2019s position on \nthe Modern Slavery Act 2015 and the \naccompanying guidance with regards to \nprocurement and supply chains. Further \ninformation about modern slavery statements \nand transparency in supply chains can be \nfound on the Government\u2019s website: \nwww.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/ \nuploads/attachment_data/\ufb01le/649906/ \nTransparency_in_Supply_Chains_A_Practical_ \nGuide_2017.pdf\n\n\n \n\nIn April 2017, Parliament\u2019s Joint Committee \non Human Rights recommended that \u2018If the \nGovernment expects business to take human \nrights issues in their supply chains seriously,\n\n\n \n\nit must demonstrate at least the same level of \ncommitment in its own procurement supply \nchains\u2019. The same can be said of councils. \nProcurement of services is an important \npart of councils\u2019 expenditure with, local \ngovernment third party revenue expenditure \ntotalling around \u00a360 billion a year. Councils \nwill therefore want to ensure that the risks of \nmodern slavery within their supply chains \nare understood, and can show leadership in \npromoting a human rights approach towards \nprocurement.\n\n\n \n\nCouncils may also wish to promote an \nenvironment where local business and other \npublic bodies are both aware of the potential \nfor modern slavery in their supply chains for \ngoods and services, and able to cooperate \non identifying this and responding to it, for \nexample as part of their local economic \npartnerships.\n\n\nSteps councils can take \non procurement\n\n\n \n\nThere are a wide range of activities councils \ncould engage in to promote human rights, \nincluding establishing policies and processes \nto make sure the council\u2019s activities don\u2019t \nharm others and that they conduct business \nwith respect for human rights.\n\n\n \n\nGetting started\n\n\n \n\nPromoting respect for human rights is not \nonly a compliance issue, it requires action to \nunderstand supply chains, identify the risks \ninvolved and act upon them. This is what is \nreferred to as human rights due diligence.\n\n\nModern slavery A council guide 39\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2384532, "type": "text", "content": " \n\n# COUNTY COUNCIL\n\n\n# ADDITIONAL APPROPRIATION REQUEST FROM \nTHE GENERAL FUND:\n\n\nDEPARTMENT:\n\n\n \n\nInformation Technology\n\n\n# LINE ITEM NUMBER:\n\n\n \n\n100-4101-419-4303\n\n\n# REQUESTED AMOUNT: $ 330,914\n\n\n \n\nFOR LINE ITEM UNDER CONSIDERATION, YTD EXPENDITURES & ANTICIPATED\nEXPENDITURES: \n100%\n\n\nWAS THIS INCLUDED IN THE ANNUAL BUDGET REQUEST? IF NOT, WHY NOT?\n\n\n \n\nYes. As a result of the transition to KSM Consulting, their transition efforts\ndiscovered a number of issues related to \ncybersecurity and infrastructure stability as well as tools to increase\nefficiency.\n\n\n# HOW WILL THIS APPROPRIATION BE USED?\n\n\n \n\nThese funds will be the County's portion of a City/County infrastructure\nimprovement project\n\n\nSPECIFIC COST OF ITEM AND HOW WAS THIS COST DETERMINED?\n\n\n \n\nThe 2021 cost of these improvements is estimated to be $1,397,285. The\nCounty's 40% portion is $558,914. The \nCommissioners will provide $228,000 from the refresh program. So the request\nis $330,914.\n\n\n# IS THIS A RECURRING EXPENSE?\n\n\n \n\nYes. There are ongoing costs for some items.\n\n\nWILL OTHER EXPENDITURES BE NECESSARY?\n\n\n \n\nThe new vendor has identified security and stability issues in our\ninfrastructure that need to be addressed. The costs \nfor addressing the current issues and modernizing the environment have been\nidentified.\n\n\nDISCUSSED WITH LIAISON? Scheduled for May 4\n\n\n# LIAISON'S NAME: Chris Spurr\n\n\nAfter saving this form, email it to \nBecky Butler in the Auditor's Office\n\n\n \nDATE REVISED 8/2017\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	If a new piece of equipment cost $1.2 million and the approval process requires public and council scrutiny, how might this cost influence the council's decision, considering the current levels of transparency expected by the public?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 281, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["numerical reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 392651, "type": "html", "content": "<table id='87' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td>RESEARCH</td><td>www.jasn.org</td></tr><tr><td>CLINICAL</td><td></td></tr></table>\n<h1 id='88' style='font-size:20px'>CONCISE METHODS</h1>\n<h1 id='89' style='font-size:20px'>Study Population</h1>\n<br><p id='90' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>This study is a post-hoc analysis of the ESCAPE trial, a randomized<br>controlled study showing that strict BP control with a \ufb01xed dose of<br>ACE inhibition slows the progression of renal disease. Brie\ufb02y, the<br>ESCAPE trial included 468 children from 33 European centers of<br>age 3\u201318 years with an eGFR of 15\u201380 ml/min per 1.73 m2 with<br>hypertension who received a \ufb01xed dose of the ACEi ramipril (6 mg/m<br>2 per day) and were randomly assigned to either a conventional BP<br>target (50th to 90th percentile of 24-hour mean arterial BP) or an<br>intensi\ufb01ed BP target (below the 50th percentile). Children were in-<br>cluded in this study based on the availability of paired blood samples<br>at baseline and after a follow-up period of at least 6 months. All<br>measures were taken at baseline (prior to ACEi treatment or after a<br>wash-out phase of 4 (2\u20134) months in those who were previously on an<br>ACEi) and after a median follow-up of 8 (8\u201310) months on ACEi<br>therapy.</p>\n<h1 id='91' style='font-size:20px'>Outcome Measures</h1>\n<br><p id='92' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The effect of 25(OH)D levels on change in 24-hour urinary protein<br>excretion, BP, eGFR and renal survival (de\ufb01ned as a predetermined<br>composite end point of annualized loss of eGFR . 50% or progression<br>to ESRD (eGFR,10 ml/min per 1.73 m2) or need for renal replace-<br>ment therapy) were studied. Because an acute decrease in eGFR<br>(,25% decrease) is expected after the start of ACEi therapy, the<br>eGFR recorded 2 months after the initiation of ramipril was used<br>as a baseline for the analysis of the reduction in eGFR over time.</p>\n<br><p id='93' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>In order to examine a potential mechanism of the 25(OH)D effect<br>on reduction of proteinuria, FGF23, s-Klotho and TGF-b1 were<br>measured in a subgroup of patients (based on availability of serum<br>samplea) at baseline and follow-up. To exclude a confounding effect<br>of VDBP loss on serum 25(OH)D levels, VDBP levels were measured<br>in a subgroup of children, based on availability of serum samples. The<br>effect of serum 25(OH)D levels on mineral dysregulation (serum<br>calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, FGF23 and s-Klotho)<br>was examined.</p>\n<h1 id='94' style='font-size:20px'>Blood Pressure Monitoring</h1>\n<br><p id='95' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Ambulatory BP monitoring was performed using Spacelabs 90207<br>oscillometric devices (Spacelabs Healthcare, Snoqualmie, WA) at<br>baseline and every 6 months throughout the study period. All BP<br>readings were normalized to standard deviation scores using Euro-<br>pean reference data sets.41</p>\n<h1 id='96' style='font-size:20px'>Laboratory Assessments</h1>\n<br><p id='97' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>All biochemical measurements were made in a central laboratory at<br>baseline and \ufb01nal follow-up. Measurements of serum and urine<br>creatinine levels and urine protein concentration were performed as<br>part of the ESCAPE trial as previously described.4 25(OH)D was<br>analyzed by isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass<br>spectrometry [expressed as a sum of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3].<br>The interassay coef\ufb01cient of variation was 2.8%. Plasma FGF-23 con-<br>centrations were determined using a second-generation human FGF-23<br>(C-terminal) ELISA (Immutopics International, San Clemente, CA).</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1561839, "type": "text", "content": "Research Original Investigation\n\n\n \nTreatment of Vitamin D Insufficiency in Postmenopausal Women\n\n\nParticipants returned for study visits approximately 30, 60, \n120, 240, and 365 days after randomization. At each visit, we \nmeasured 25(OH)D and calcium levels and performed Timed \nUp and Go (TUG)33 and five sit-to-stand (STS)34 tests. Partici- \npants reported pain during the prior week (10-cm scale), func- \ntional status (modified Stanford Health Assessment Question- \nnaire), and activity (Physical Activity for the Elderly Scale).35 \nParticipants reported all adverse events, and specifically, neph- \nrolithiasis, fracture, fall, infection, and hospitalization. At 0, \n60, 120, and 365 days, participants\u2019 24-hour urine calcium lev- \nels were measured.\n\n\n \n\nThe PRC reviewed 25(OH)D levels at approximately 30, 60, \n120, and 240 days. If a woman in the high-dose treatment arm \nhad a 25(OH)D level less than 30 ng/mL, the PRC adjusted her \ncholecalciferol dose. For example, a woman whose 25(OH)D \nlevel was 25 ng/mL received 50 000 IU/d of cholecalciferol for \n7 days then 50 000 IU once weekly to achieve and maintain \nrepletion. To preserve masking, approximately 8% of partici- \npants in the other arms received sham adjustments of yellow \nplacebo capsules.\n\n\n \n\nOne year after randomization, the BMD was again mea- \nsured using the same Lunar bone densitometry machine (GE \nHealthcare). The trabecular bone score was determined using \nTBS iNsight software, version 2.1.0.0 (Medimaps Group). \nMuscle mass was calculated as the appendicular lean mass in \nkilograms divided by height in square meters.36 Serum 25 \n(OH)D was measured at the University of Wisconsin using a \nhigh-performance liquid chromatography assay10 with be- \ntween-run coefficients of variation of 3.2% to 13% for 1.25- \ndihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]D2) and 2.6% to 4.9% for 25(OH) \nD3. Methods for other laboratory tests are listed in Table 1.\n\n\n# Sample Size\n\n\n \n\nThe primary outcome was the effect of cholecalciferol on TFCA. \nWith high-dose cholecalciferol,9 the SD for absolute change in \nTFCA was 1%. With low-dose cholecalciferol,37 the SD for \nchange in TFCA was 7%. Without intervention, the SD for \nmonthly change in TFCA was 1%.38 Thus, recruitment of 70 \nwomen per arm (n = 210) provided approximately 90% power \nto detect a 3% difference in the change in TFCA between high- \ndose and placebo arms and approximately 80% power to de- \ntect a 3% difference between high-dose and low-dose chole- \ncalciferol arms, with a 2-sided \u03b1 of .05. To compensate for \nattrition, we planned to randomize up to 250 women.\n\n\n# Statistical Analysis\n\n\n \n\nData were graphed to determine distribution and outliers. Nor- \nmal data were summarized using the mean (SD) and analyzed \nby analysis of variance. Skewed data were summarized using \nthe median (interquartile range [IQR]) and analyzed using the \nKruskal-Wallis test. To control for the false discovery rate, we \ncorrected P values using the Benjamini and Hochberg method21 \nfor participants\u2019 baseline characteristics (Table 1), partici- \npants\u2019 paired changes in dietary habits, between-arm changes \nin absolute and percentage of BMD, trabecular bone score, bone \nturnover, and adverse events. Between-arm 1-year changes in \nmuscle outcomes were summarized using means and 95% CIs \ncorrected for multiple comparisons using the Tukey honest sig-\n\n\n \n\nnificant difference test (Table 2). All outcomes were analyzed \nby the intent-to-treat principle, using R (The R Project for Sta- \ntistical Computing, http://www.r-project.org). LASSO and Ste- \npAIC R programs were used for modeling.\n\n\n \n\nA data safety monitoring board (DSMB) met every 18 \nmonths to monitor the trial\u2019s progress and safety. Withdrawal \noccurred for 3 predefined events: nephrolithiasis, hypercal- \ncemia (defined as a serum calcium level \u226510.4 mg/dL twice dur- \ning approximately 2 weeks), or fragility fracture (spine, wrist, \nor hip). If participants developed hypercalciuria (defined as a \ncalcium level >400 mg/24 h), we performed the test again. For \npersistent hypercalciuria, we counseled participants to re- \nduce calcium intake. Because hypercalciuria is common and \noften asymptomatic,34 its presence did not require with- \ndrawal. All adverse events were categorized by system in the \nOnCore Database of the University of Wisconsin.\n\n\n \n\nWe reported serious adverse events (death, hospitaliza- \ntion, or predefined event) to the DSMB within 24 hours and \ncumulative adverse events at DSMB meetings. To prepare re- \nports, the team submitted participants\u2019 adverse events to the \nPRC, whose staff entered treatment assignment and for- \nwarded reports to the DSMB. We defined an excess harm z value \ngreater than \u22123.039,40 as an indication to prematurely stop the \nstudy.\n\n\n# Results\n\n\n \n\nFigure 1 summarizes participant recruitment, randomiza- \ntion, and completion. Nine women (3.9%) who withdrew from \nthe study were similar to the remaining 221 participants in age, \nrace, and 25(OH)D levels; all withdrew for personal reasons. \nBaseline demographics did not differ across treatment arms \n(Table 1). Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly different \namong the arms at all postrandomization visits (P < .001, \nFigure 2). From 30 days to 365 days after randomization, the \nmean (SD) 25(OH)D levels were 19 (5) ng/mL in the placebo arm, \n28 (5) ng/mL in the low-dose cholecalciferol arm, and 56 (12) \nng/mL in the high-dose cholecalciferol arm (P < .001). Five par- \nticipants (6.3%) of the 79 in the high-dose cholecalciferol arm \nrequired additional cholecalciferol to maintain 25(OH)D lev- \nels of 30 ng/mL or greater. Adherence to therapy was approxi- \nmately 100% across all arms (n = 221; eTable 1 in Supplement \n2). Participants exhibited no significant pairwise changes in di- \netary habits during the study (eTable 2 in Supplement 2).\n\n\nMain Outcome Measures\n\n\n \n\neFigure 2 in Supplement 2 summarizes TFCA, which in- \ncreased 0.6% in the high-dose arm and decreased 4.5% in the \nlow-dose arm (P = .009) and 0.9% in the placebo arms (P = .46 \nvs high-dose arm). By chance, the low-dose arm had a higher \nbaseline TFCA. In models controlling for baseline calcium ab- \nsorption, TFCA increased 1% in the high-dose arm but de- \ncreased 2% in the low-dose arm (P = .005 vs high-dose arm) \nand 1.3% in the placebo arm (P = .03 vs high-dose arm) (eFig- \nure 2 in Supplement 2). In models (eTable 3 in Supplement 2), \nthe 1-year change in TFCA was inversely associated with the \nbaseline TFCA, 25(OH)D level, and dietary sodium level and\n\n\n1616 JAMA Internal Medicine October 2015 Volume 175, Number 10\n\n\n \n\n(Reprinted)\n\n\nCopyright 2015 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. reserved. \nAssociation. \n2015 \nrights \nCopyright \nAll \nMedical \nAmerican\n\n\nDownloaded From: on 07/26/2018\n\n\n \njamainternalmedicine.com\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1087517, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='164' style='font-size:14px'>AGE RESTRICTION</h1>\n<br><h1 id='165' style='font-size:14px'>N/A</h1>\n<h1 id='166' style='font-size:14px'>P RESCRIBER RESTRICTION</h1>\n<br><p id='167' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>PGHD, PWS, GFSGA, TS/NS, SHOX, AGHD, TPAP, IGHDA, ISS: prescribed by endocrinologist.<br>GFCRI: prescribed by endocrinologist or nephrologist</p>\n<h1 id='168' style='font-size:14px'>C OVERAGE DURATION</h1>\n<br><h1 id='169' style='font-size:14px'>All uses (initial, reauth): 12 months</h1>\n<h1 id='170' style='font-size:14px'>O THER CRITERIA</h1>\n<br><p id='171' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>AGHD(initial):dx of AGHD with clin records supporting dx of childhood-onset GHD, or adult-onset GHD<br>w/clin records doc hormone deficiency d/t hypothalamic-pituitary dz from organic or known causes<br>(eg,damage from surgery, cranial irradiation, head trauma, subarachnoid hemorrhage) and pt has 1GH<br>stim test (insulin tolerance test [ITT], arginine/GHRH,glucagon,arginine) to confirm adult GHD w/peak<br>GH values ([ITT at or below 5mcg/L],[GHRH+ARG at or below 11mcg/L if BMI less than 25kg/m2, at or<br>below 8mcg/L if BMI at or above 25 and below 30kg/m2, or at or below 4mcg/L if BMI at or above<br>30kg/m2],[glucagon at or below 3mcg/L],[Arg at or below 0.4mcg/L],[macimorelin less than 2.8 ng/mL<br>30, 45, 60 and 90 mins following macimorelin administration]) or doc deficiency of 3 anterior pituitary<br>hormones (prolactin,ACTH,TSH,FSH/LH) and IFG-1/somatomedinC below age and gender adjstd nrml<br>range as provided by physicians lab. AGHD,IGHDA(reauth):monitoring as demonstrated by doc w/in<br>past 12mo of IGF-1/somatomedinC level. TransitionPhaseAdolescent Pts(TPAP)(initial): attained<br>expctd adult ht or closed epiphyses on bone radiograph, and doc high risk of GHD d/t GHD in<br>childhood (from embryopathic/congenital defects, genetic mutations, irreversible structural<br>hypothalamic-pituitary dz, panhypopituitarism, or deficiency of 3 anterior pituitary hormones:<br>ACTH,TSH,prolactin,FSH/LH), w/IGF-1/somatomedinC below age and gender adj nrml range as<br>provided by physicians lab, or pt does not have low IGF-1/somatomedinC and d/c GH tx for at least<br>1mo, and pt has 1 GH stim test (ITT,GHRH+ARG,ARG,glucagon) after d/c of tx for at least 1mo w/peak<br>GH value [ITT at or below 5mcg/L], [GHRH+ARG at or below 11mcg/L if BMI less than 25kg/m2, at or<br>below 8mcg/L if BMI at or above 25 and below 30kg/m2, or at or below 4mcg/L if BMI at or above<br>30kg/m2], [glucagon at or below 3mcg/L], [Arg at or below 0.4mcg/L], or at low risk of severe GHD(eg<br>d/t isolated and/or idiopathic GHD) and d/c GH tx for at least 1mo, and pt has 1 GH stim test (ITT,<br>GHRH+ARG, ARG, glucagon) after d/c of tx for at least 1mo w/corresponding peak GH value [ITT at or<br>below 5mcg/L], [GHRH+ARG at or below 11mcg/L if BMI less than 25kg/m2, at or below 8mcg/L if BMI<br>at or above 25 and below 30kg/m2, or at or below 4mcg/L if BMI at or above 30kg/m2], [glucagon at or<br>below 3mcg/L], [Arg at or below 0.4mcg/L]. TPAP(reauth): evidence of positive response to therapy<br>(eg,incr in total lean body mass, exercise capacity or IGF-1 and IGFBP-3). IGHDA(initial):doc GHD by<br>failure to produce peak serum GH greater than 5 mcg/L after 2 provocative pharmacol stim</p>\n<h1 id='172' style='font-size:14px'>PAGE 120</h1>\n<br><footer id='173' style='font-size:14px'>CMS Approved 09/01/2021</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 240075, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Citation: Jaquish J, Alkire H, Hoesley K (2016) Stabilizing Motor Reflexive Activation and Acute Growth Hormone Response: A Systematic<br>Review. J Steroids Horm Sci 7: 178. doi:10.4172/2157-7536.1000178</p>\n<p id='88' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Page 5 of 7</p>\n<p id='89' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>known to be greater with a deeper knee bend. The Cardinale protocol<br>placed little demand on muscle afferents, as the positioning of the<br>subjects was slightly greater than that of tonic contraction, and thereby<br>would be expected to elicit a lesser response. The contrast between<br>these two data sets and assay modalities may strengthen indications of<br>a stability firing mechanism as the source of the contrast between the<br>lowest response at 64.7%, and the greatest at 2800%.</p>\n<br><p id='90' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Although study characteristics do not score highly on the criteria<br>metrics, that does not detract from the value of the current volume of<br>research into this matter. Specifically, pre-to post literature is not<br>controlled, or blinded, which leads to low scores on our metric even for<br>well-conducted studies with no bias or conflict of interest declared.<br>Only hGH serum levels were evaluated which are a quantifiable<br>biochemical metric measured by immunoassay where results are<br>observed by computer measurement of permeability to<br>electromagnetic radiation. Therefore, selection bias on the part of the<br>researchers seems unlikely. Further, deliberate auto-regulation of hGH</p>\n<br><p id='91' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>by a human as a result of the placebo effect or otherwise has never<br>been demonstrated, so it would not diminish the value of the<br>hypothesized mechanism if it were the case that subjects increase their<br>hGH levels only in presence of a known destabilizing environment.</p>\n<br><p id='92' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>By combining all the data available there is a stronger indication of a<br>relationship between afferent stability firing and acute hGH increases<br>than was previously understood.</p>\n<p id='93' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Role of the Funding Sources</p>\n<br><p id='94' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The authors were supported by Performance Health Systems LLC,<br>The funding source had no role in the design, collection, or reporting<br>of the data or study, or in the decision to submit the analysis for<br>publication.</p>\n<h1 id='95' style='font-size:20px'>Appendix</h1>\n<table id='96' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>Study</td><td>Year</td><td>Ctrl</td><td>Baseline GH</td><td>Post Test GH</td><td>Delta GH</td><td>Sample Size</td><td>Participant Age</td><td>M/F</td><td>Bias</td><td>Notes</td></tr><tr><td>Bosco et al. [9]</td><td>2000</td><td>N</td><td>6.2 \u00b1 16.2 ng/ml</td><td>28.6 \u00b1 29.6 ng/ml</td><td>+22.4 \u00b1 45.8 ng/ml</td><td>14</td><td>25 \u00b1 4.6</td><td>14/0</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cardinal et al. [10]</td><td>2008</td><td>Y</td><td>1.6 \u00b1 .3 \u00b5IU/ml</td><td>2.7 \u00b1 0.7 \u00b5IU/ml</td><td>+1.1 \u00b1 1 \u00b5IU/ml</td><td>20</td><td>70 (66,85)</td><td>9/11</td><td>N</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Di Loreto et al. [11]</td><td>2004</td><td>Y</td><td>1.7 \u00b1 0.6 \u00b5IU/ml</td><td>7.4 \u00b1 3.6 \u00b5IU/ml</td><td>+5.7 \u00b1 4.2 \u00b5IU/ml</td><td>10</td><td>39 \u00b1 3</td><td>10/0</td><td>N</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DiGiminani et al. [12]</td><td>2014</td><td>Y</td><td>50 \u00b1 20 nM</td><td>390 \u00b1 60 nM</td><td>+340 \u00b1 80 nM</td><td>10</td><td>25 \u00b1 0.9</td><td>10/0</td><td>N</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DiGiminaniet al. [12]</td><td>2014</td><td>Y</td><td>50 \u00b1 20 nM</td><td>225 \u00b1 70 nM</td><td>+175 \u00b1 90 nM</td><td>10</td><td>25 \u00b1 0.9</td><td>10/0</td><td>N</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Elmantazer et al. [13]</td><td>2012</td><td>N</td><td>0.07 \u00b1 0.1 ng/ml</td><td>0.57 \u00b1 0.1 ng/ml</td><td>+0.5 \u00b1 0.2 ng/ml</td><td>10</td><td>33 (29,49)</td><td>10/0</td><td>N</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fricke et al. [14] (Male)</td><td>2009</td><td>N</td><td>0.250 \u00b1 0.216 ng/ml</td><td>1.58 \u00b1 0.51 ng/ml</td><td>+1.33 \u00b1 .726 ng/ml</td><td>10</td><td>32.1 \u00b1 5.8</td><td>10/0</td><td>N</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fricke et al. [14]</td><td>2009</td><td>N</td><td>8.807 \u00b1 7.570 ng/ml</td><td>15.017 \u00b1 1.879 ng/ml</td><td>+6.21 \u00b1 9.449 ng/ml</td><td>10</td><td>32 \u00b1 6.9</td><td>0/10</td><td>N</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Goto et al. [15]</td><td>2005</td><td>Y</td><td>0.2 \u00b1 .001 ng/ml</td><td>4.6 \u00b1 1.7 ng/ml</td><td>+4.4 \u00b1 1.701 ng/ml</td><td>8</td><td>23.4 \u00b1 0.9</td><td>8/0</td><td>N</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Guinta et al. [16] (Vib)</td><td>2012</td><td>N</td><td>0.4 \u00b1 0.3 ng/ml</td><td>5.1 \u00b1 1.9 ng/ml</td><td>+4.7 \u00b1 2.2 ng/ml</td><td>7</td><td>22 \u00b1 5</td><td>0/7</td><td>N</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Guinta et al. [16]</td><td>2012</td><td>N</td><td>0.7 \u00b1 0.9 ng/ml</td><td>6.5 \u00b1 3.7 ng/ml</td><td>+5.8 \u00b1 4.6 ng/ml</td><td>7</td><td>22 \u00b1 5</td><td>0/7</td><td>N</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Guinta et al. [17]</td><td>2013</td><td>Y</td><td>2.2 \u00b1 0.4 ng/ml</td><td>9.7 \u00b1 2.7 ng/ml</td><td>+7.5 \u00b1 3.1 ng/ml</td><td>6</td><td>27.7 \u00b1 1.3</td><td>0/6</td><td>N</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Guinta et al. [17]</td><td>2013</td><td>Y</td><td>1.3 \u00b1 0.6 ng/ml</td><td>18.3 \u00b1 3.0 ng/ml</td><td>+17 \u00b1 3.6 ng/ml</td><td>6</td><td>27.7 \u00b1 1.3</td><td>0/6</td><td>N</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Guo-Shing et al. [18]</td><td>2007</td><td>Y</td><td>3.39 \u00b1 0.91 ng/ml</td><td>9.43 \u00b1 2.39 ng/ml</td><td>+6.04 \u00b1 3.3 ng/ml</td><td>8</td><td>17.8 \u00b1 0.88</td><td>8/0</td><td>N</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Iodice et al. [19]</td><td>2011</td><td>Y</td><td>0.1 \u00b1 0.01 ng/ml</td><td>0.3 \u00b1 0.05 ng/ml</td><td>+0.2 \u00b1 .06 ng/ml</td><td>18</td><td>21 \u00b1 1.4</td><td>18/0</td><td>N</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Kvorning et al. [20]</td><td>2006</td><td>Y</td><td>0.24 \u00b1 0.17 \u00b5IU/ml</td><td>11.6 \u00b1 3.80 \u00b5IU/ml</td><td>+11.36 \u00b1 3.97 \u00b5IU/ml</td><td>8</td><td>23 \u00b1 0.7</td><td>8/0</td><td>N</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Kvorning et al. [20]</td><td>2006</td><td>Y</td><td>1.17 \u00b1 0.81 \u00b5IU/ml</td><td>23 \u00b1 2.3 \u00b5IU/ml</td><td>+21.83 \u00b1 3.11 \u00b5IU/ml</td><td>8</td><td>23 \u00b1 0.6</td><td>8/0</td><td>N</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>McCall et al.</td><td>2000</td><td>N</td><td>1216 \u00b1 148 ng/ml</td><td>2362 \u00b1 487 ng/ml</td><td>+1146 \u00b1 635 ng/ml</td><td>10</td><td>26.7 \u00b1 1.6</td><td>10/0</td><td>N</td><td>*</td></tr><tr><td>Rahman et al. [21]</td><td>2014</td><td>Y</td><td>6.4 \u00b1 5.07 ng/ml</td><td>11.6 \u00b1 3.80 ng/ml</td><td>+5.2 \u00b1 8.87 ng/ml</td><td>30</td><td>62-75</td><td>30/0</td><td>N</td><td></td></tr></table>\n<footer id='97' style='font-size:18px'>J Steroids Horm Sci<br>ISSN:2157-7536 JSHS, an open access journal</footer>\n<br><footer id='98' style='font-size:18px'>Volume 7 \u2022 Issue 3 \u2022 1000178</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 240074, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='73' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Citation: Jaquish J, Alkire H, Hoesley K (2016) Stabilizing Motor Reflexive Activation and Acute Growth Hormone Response: A Systematic<br>Review. J Steroids Horm Sci 7: 178. doi:10.4172/2157-7536.1000178</p>\n<h1 id='74' style='font-size:18px'>Safety of the Intervention</h1>\n<br><p id='75' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>No adverse events were documented during any study.</p>\n<br><figure><img id='76' style='font-size:16px' alt=\"Figure 2: Pre/Post forest plot.\nFigure 3: RTC forest plot.\" data-coord=\"top-left:(74,281); bottom-right:(607,1154)\" /></figure>\n<h1 id='77' style='font-size:20px'>Discussion</h1>\n<br><p id='78' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>It has long been established that exercise causes an acute release of<br>hGH, but the underlying mechanism (or mechanisms) remain unclear.<br>Existing literature review on the physiological processes underlying<br>hGH release during exercise by Godfrey et al. hypothesizes a muscle<br>afferent pituitary axis [24]. For hGH as measured through standard<br>immunoassays Godfrey found that most studies evaluated in the<br>analysis indicate that hGH release occurs following exercise of<br>sufficient intensity, which is consistent with possible muscle afferent<br>neural modulation of the pituitary, but is not sufficient evidence to rule<br>out other exercise related physiological changes as possible signaling<br>mechanisms, such as Catecholamine or lactate release, pH balance<br>changes, or especially Nitric Oxide release. This inability to more<br>narrowly characterize a physiological mechanism in the Godfrey<br>analysis is a result of the conventional exercise protocols that were<br>assayed, because these would be expected to simultaneously induce<br>activity in all of the aforementioned signaling mechanisms. The unique</p>\n<br><p id='79' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Page 4 of 7</p>\n<p id='80' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>data set considered in Godfrey\u2019s review that avoided this problem, is<br>the McCall, et al. data involving destabilization of individual muscles<br>in situ using forced mechanical vibrations. That study demonstrated<br>significant increases in isoforms of hGH, but only involved the<br>destabilization of individual muscles, effectively isolating a<br>destabilizing environment for study of attenuating afferent muscle<br>activation and hGH.</p>\n<br><p id='81' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>As the mechanism of interest is the stabilizing firing of muscle<br>afferents, particularly those associated with fast-twitch muscles, this<br>analysis identified studies with destabilizing-environment<br>interventions. Thus while the evaluation was not deliberately construed<br>so as to only involve a single modality, the unique intervention<br>available in current research which met these criteria was that wherein<br>the subject stood on a destabilizing surface. Vibratory destabilization<br>interventions are particularly appropriate as McCall\u2019s research, the<br>inspiration for this analysis, used this modality to elicit the<br>hypothesized reflexive firing of muscle afferents and associated hGH<br>release.</p>\n<br><p id='82' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The destabilizing environments applied during the various studies<br>evaluated herein varied tremendously in magnitude and frequency.<br>This contributes greatly to the evidentiary quality of the data in the<br>context of testing the hypothesis that stabilizing muscle afferent<br>activation leads to hGH release, since that premise should be tested<br>with a heterogeneous variety of destabilizing stimuli to understand a<br>general relationship between that kind of stimuli and corresponding<br>serum hGH level release. This also helps avoid falsely generalizing an<br>effect only present with some single specific pattern of vibration. In<br>fact, despite the wide variety of destabilizing protocols used to obtain<br>the evaluated data, across 24 test groups and nearly as many distinct<br>(albeit similar) treatment protocols, three failed to demonstrate<br>significance. However, these three did show a mean increase in hGH<br>levels vs control. Further, the three test cohorts vs control groups that<br>did not reach significance are from small datasets which likely<br>demonstrate a lack of significance only for the lack of a larger sample<br>size.</p>\n<br><p id='83' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>It is also apparent that pre-to-post delta values for serum hGH levels<br>are much greater than equivalent values comparing test and control<br>groups in the controlled studies. This is consistent with the current<br>understanding of exercise triggered hGH release, possibly due to some<br>controlled studies using alternative exercise as a placebo treatment<br>where the alternative exercise either included a self-stabilization<br>component or was an entirely self-stabilized exercise, both of which<br>would potentially trigger muscle afferents similar but less so than that<br>of the test interventions. Thus the very large changes in serum hGH<br>levels seen in the pre-to-post literature are more telling in the context<br>of our hypothesis.</p>\n<br><p id='84' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Variance of increase in hGH were seen with the lowest response at<br>64.7% (Cardinale), and the greatest at 2800% (Kvorning). The<br>differences in protocol were pronounced as well. The Cardinale<br>protocol included two legs with slight knee flexion for 1-minute bouts.<br>Kvorning applied instability to two subject cohorts that both<br>maintained a two-legged 90-degree knee bend for 30 seconds per bout.<br>One subject cohort used a weighted bar resting stabilized behind the<br>neck, weighing 80% of the subjects 1 rep maximum, and the other<br>alternate cohort held a wooden broomstick handle on their shoulders.<br>While the weighted bar destabilized cohort showed the greatest<br>increase of hGH at 2800%, the near weightless wooden broomstick<br>handle cohort produced an increase of 1865%. Though EMG levels<br>were not measured in either intervention, the afferent activation is</p>\n<footer id='85' style='font-size:16px'>J Steroids Horm Sci<br>ISSN:2157-7536 JSHS, an open access journal</footer>\n<br><footer id='86' style='font-size:16px'>Volume 7 \u2022 Issue 3 \u2022 1000178</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1893836, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='47' style='font-size:14px'>Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 2879</header>\n<br><header id='48' style='font-size:14px'>4 of 9</header>\n<p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>and body height were matched to the individuals of group 1 at baseline and follow-up<br>were selected as the control group (group 0). The participants\u2019 characteristics are shown in<br>Table 2.</p>\n<caption id='50' style='font-size:16px'>Table 2. Participant characteristics (Mean \u00b1 SD).</caption>\n<br><table id='51' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td></td><td>Group</td><td>Baseline</td><td>Follow-Up</td><td>Mean Difference (95% CI)</td><td>p</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">Number</td><td>Group 0</td><td>15</td><td>15</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Group 1</td><td>15</td><td>15</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">Age (years)</td><td>Group 0</td><td>7.7 \u00b1 0.5</td><td>9.7 \u00b1 0.5</td><td>2</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Group 1</td><td>7.7 \u00b1 0.5</td><td>9.7 \u00b1 0.5</td><td>2</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">Height (cm)</td><td>Group 0</td><td>130.3 \u00b1 4.1</td><td>141.2 \u00b1 4.8</td><td>11.0 (9.9 to 12.0)</td><td>0.000</td></tr><tr><td>Group 1</td><td>129.9 \u00b1 4.3</td><td>141.1 \u00b1 4.7</td><td>11.3 (10.3 to 12.2)</td><td>0.000</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">Weight (kg)</td><td>Group 0</td><td>25.4 \u00b1 2.6</td><td>33.3 \u00b1 4.9</td><td>7.8 (6.5 to 9.2)</td><td>0.000</td></tr><tr><td>Group 1</td><td>28.0 \u00b1 2.3</td><td>40.4 \u00b1 3.8</td><td>12.4 (11.0 to 13.8)</td><td>0.000</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">BMI (kg\u00b7m\u22122)</td><td>Group 0</td><td>15.0 \u00b1 1.3</td><td>16.6 \u00b1 2.0</td><td>1.7 (1.2 to 2.2)</td><td>0.011</td></tr><tr><td>Group 1</td><td>16.6 \u00b1 0.8</td><td>20.3 \u00b1 0.9</td><td>3.6 (3.1 to 4.2)</td><td>0.000</td></tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">AI</td><td>Group 0</td><td>0.27 \u00b1 0.07</td><td>0.16 \u00b1 0.07</td><td>\u22120.11 (\u22120.08 to \u22120.13)</td><td>0.000</td></tr><tr><td>Group 1</td><td>0.27 \u00b1 0.06</td><td>0.19 \u00b1 0.06</td><td>\u22120.08 (\u22120.06 to \u22120.10)</td><td>0.002</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Mean Difference represents the mean difference in anthropometry variables between the baseline and the follow-<br>up. p-values represent the differences in anthropometry variables between the baseline and the follow-up. The<br>bold represents statistical differences between the two group at baseline and follow-up.</p>\n<p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>After the two-year follow-up check, height, weight, and BMI of children in the<br>two groups increased signi\ufb01cantly, and the weight and BMI of group 1 showed a greater<br>increase than group 0. The average weights of group 0 and group 1 participants increased<br>by 7.8 kg and 12.4 kg, respectively. The BMI values of group 0 and group 1 participants<br>increased by 1.7 kg\u00b7m\u22122 and 3.4 kg\u00b7m\u22122, respectively.</p>\n<br><p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>3.2. Arch Index</p>\n<br><p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>After the two-year follow-up check, the AI of all groups decreased signi\ufb01cantly. The<br>AI of group 0 decreased from 0.27 to 0.16. The AI of group 1 decreased from 0.27 to 0.19.<br>Group 1 showed greater AI values at follow-up than those in group 0.</p>\n<br><p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>3.3. FTI</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3569711, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='104' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Table 3 Percentage of participants with treatment-<br>emergent adverse events by trial arm and type<br>(>15% in either group)</p>\n<br><table id='105' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>Adverse event</td><td>MSC-NTF cells</td><td>Placebo</td></tr><tr><td>Headache and procedural headache</td><td>80.6</td><td>66.7</td></tr><tr><td>Back pain</td><td>72.2</td><td>8.3</td></tr><tr><td>Pyrexia</td><td>33.3</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Arthralgia</td><td>33.3</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Injection site pain</td><td>27.8</td><td>8.3</td></tr><tr><td>Constipation</td><td>25</td><td>8.3</td></tr><tr><td>Pain in extremity</td><td>22.2</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Neck pain</td><td>19.4</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Myalgia</td><td>16.7</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Cough</td><td>16.7</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Nausea</td><td>16.7</td><td>0</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='106' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Abbreviations: MSC = mesenchymal stem cell; NTF = neurotrophic factor.</p>\n<p id='107' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>week 12 (53% vs 0%; 95% CI of di\ufb00erence of proportions<br>28.1%\u201378.6%, p = 0.046, \ufb01gure 2D).</p>\n<br><p id='108' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Slow vital capacity</p>\n<br><p id='109' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Screening SVC was comparable in the MSC-NTF cells and<br>placebo groups (90.6 \u00b1 18.1 and 88.7 \u00b1 8.91, respectively).<br>Analysis of the changes in post-treatment compared to pre-<br>treatment slope and responder analyses with various thresh-<br>olds showed no signi\ufb01cant di\ufb00erences between the 2<br>treatment groups. No signi\ufb01cant treatment e\ufb00ects were noted<br>in the rapid progressors group.</p>\n<h1 id='110' style='font-size:20px'>Hand-held dynamometry</h1>\n<br><p id='111' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Comparison of muscle strength in the IM transplanted arm to<br>the noninjected arm, as measured by HHD, did not demon-<br>strate signi\ufb01cant side-to-side di\ufb00erence in HHD muscle<br>strength score slopes over 24 weeks.</p>\n<h1 id='112' style='font-size:20px'>CSF analyses</h1>\n<br><p id='113' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>CSF was collected pretransplant and 2 weeks post-transplant.<br>Only pretransplant and post-transplant paired samples were<br>analyzed. In total, 26 treated and 9 placebo CSF sample pairs<br>were available for analysis.</p>\n<h1 id='114' style='font-size:20px'>Neurotrophic factors</h1>\n<br><p id='115' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Levels of NTFs secreted by the MSC-NTF cells in vitro were<br>evaluated in the CSF. Average basal levels of vascular endo-<br>thelial growth factor (VEGF) were 37.1 \u00b1 15.8 pg/mL and 30.6<br>\u00b1 14.4 pg/mL (mean \u00b1 SEM) in treated and placebo partic-<br>ipants, respectively. Post-transplantation, the mean VEGF in-<br>crease in the treated participants was 629.8 \u00b1 243.3 (p = 0.016)<br>and \u22120.78 \u00b1 0.9 (p = 0.45) in placebo participants. Basal he-<br>patocyte growth factor (HGF) levels were high (treated</p>\n<br><p id='116' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>participants 391.1 \u00b1 115.9 pg/mL; placebo participants 448.4 \u00b1<br>146.3 pg/mL). Post-transplantation, HGF levels signi\ufb01cantly<br>increased in the MSC-NTF-treated participants (mean change<br>107.18 \u00b1 34.4; p = 0.004) while there was no change in those<br>receiving placebo (18.8 \u00b1 22.2; p = 0.42). Leukemia inhibitory<br>factor (LIF) was undetectable in the CSF prior to trans-<br>plantation and signi\ufb01cantly increased (12.33 \u00b1 3.23; p =<br>0.0008) post-transplantation in treated participants, while there<br>was no detectable LIF in the placebo group either pre-<br>transplantation or post-transplantation (\ufb01gure 3A).</p>\n<p id='117' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Inflammatory biomarkers</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2755711, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>patients up to the 8th decade, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Total IGF-I levels are often normal even in<br>patients with total anterior hypopituitarism but this does not rule out severe GHD that therefore ought to be<br>verified by provocative testing of GH secretion. However, despite the low diagnostic sensitivity of this<br>parameter, very low levels of total IGF-I can be considered definitive evidence of severe GHD in a<br>remarkable percentage of total anterior hypopituitary patients who could therefore skip provocative testing<br>of GH secretion.</p>\n<h1 id='30' style='font-size:16px'>Horm Metab Res. 2003 Feb;35(2):114-9.</h1>\n<br><p id='31' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Impact of growth hormone on central nervous activity, vigilance, and tiredness after<br>short-term therapy in growth hormone-deficient adults.</p>\n<h1 id='32' style='font-size:16px'>P avel ME, Lohmann T, Hahn EG, Hoffmann M.</h1>\n<br><h1 id='33' style='font-size:16px'>Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Erlangen-Nurnberg,<br>Germany. marianne.pavel@med1.imed.uni-erlangen.de</h1>\n<p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>I mpairment of well-being and cognitive function has been reported in growth hormone-deficient adults, as<br>well as an improvement of these parameters after GH substitution, albeit inconsistently. The effect of<br>growth hormone on central nervous activity, vigilance and sleepiness was studied prospectively in 16<br>growth hormone-deficient adults (7 females, 9 males, mean age: 36.8 yrs) with multiple pituitary hormone<br>deficiencies before and 3 months after the start of growth hormone substitution using two objective<br>methods of measurement, pupillographic sleepiness test and a choice reaction time test. Significant<br>differences were found for neither pupillary unrest index nor for reaction time, false or missing reactions in<br>12 evaluable patients (7 females, 5 males, mean age 37.8 years). Because of the known interrelationships<br>between growth hormone, sleep and mood, the visual analogue scale for tiredness and standardized<br>retrospective questionnaires regarding sleep and mood (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, Epworth sleepiness<br>scale, Depression scale) were used as additional methods. After GH substitution, there was no difference in<br>sleep efficiency and daytime sleepiness, but some of the subjective sleep parameters (sleep quality and<br>sleep latency) improved significantly. There was a tendency for mood improvement, too. Although results<br>must be interpreted cautiously due to the small sample size, we conclude that the improved sleep and mood<br>parameters might be caused by other indices of general well-being in our study.</p>\n<h1 id='35' style='font-size:16px'>J Endocrinol Invest. 2003 Jun;26(6):588-94.</h1>\n<br><p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>C irculating free insulin-like growth-factor-I (IGF-I) levels should also be measured to estimate<br>the IGF-I bioactivity.</p>\n<h1 id='37' style='font-size:16px'>J anssen JA, van der Lely AJ, Lamberts SW.</h1>\n<p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>D epartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. j.a.m.j.l.janssen@erasmusmc.nl</p>\n<br><p id='39' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>F ree IGF-I by analogy with sex and adrenal steroids and thyroid hormones, may be the major biologically active<br>hormonal form of IGF-I. Because of methodological difficulties in measuring the free IGF-I the measurement of<br>total IGF-I in blood is often used to assess the activity of the endocrine GH-IGF-I axis in clinical studies.<br>However, there is currently no reliable standard reference method for circulating total IGF-I against which<br>individual samples can be calibrated. In addition, in many of the common methods used to measure circulating<br>total IGF-I levels, remaining insulin-like growth factor, binding proteins (IGFBPs) or binding protein fragments<br>after sample extraction, may still interfere and produce falsely increased or decreased circulating total IGF-I</p>\n<footer id='40' style='font-size:14px'>Copyright - 2005</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1087049, "type": "text", "content": "# AGE RESTRICTION\n\n\n \n\n# N/A\n\n\n# P RESCRIBER RESTRICTION\n\n\n \n\nPGHD, PWS, GFSGA, TS/NS, SHOX, AGHD, TPAP, IGHDA, ISS: prescribed by\nendocrinologist. \nGFCRI: prescribed by endocrinologist or nephrologist\n\n\n# C OVERAGE DURATION\n\n\n \n\n# All uses (initial, reauth): 12 months\n\n\n# O THER CRITERIA\n\n\n \n\nAGHD(initial):dx of AGHD with clin records supporting dx of childhood-onset\nGHD, or adult-onset GHD \nw/clin records doc hormone deficiency d/t hypothalamic-pituitary dz from\norganic or known causes \n(eg,damage from surgery, cranial irradiation, head trauma, subarachnoid\nhemorrhage) and pt has 1GH \nstim test (insulin tolerance test [ITT], arginine/GHRH,glucagon,arginine) to\nconfirm adult GHD w/peak \nGH values ([ITT at or below 5mcg/L],[GHRH+ARG at or below 11mcg/L if BMI less\nthan 25kg/m2, at or \nbelow 8mcg/L if BMI at or above 25 and below 30kg/m2, or at or below 4mcg/L if\nBMI at or above \n30kg/m2],[glucagon at or below 3mcg/L],[Arg at or below 0.4mcg/L],[macimorelin\nless than 2.8 ng/mL \n30, 45, 60 and 90 mins following macimorelin administration]) or doc\ndeficiency of 3 anterior pituitary \nhormones (prolactin,ACTH,TSH,FSH/LH) and IFG-1/somatomedinC below age and\ngender adjstd nrml \nrange as provided by physicians lab. AGHD,IGHDA(reauth):monitoring as\ndemonstrated by doc w/in \npast 12mo of IGF-1/somatomedinC level. TransitionPhaseAdolescent\nPts(TPAP)(initial): attained \nexpctd adult ht or closed epiphyses on bone radiograph, and doc high risk of\nGHD d/t GHD in \nchildhood (from embryopathic/congenital defects, genetic mutations,\nirreversible structural \nhypothalamic-pituitary dz, panhypopituitarism, or deficiency of 3 anterior\npituitary hormones: \nACTH,TSH,prolactin,FSH/LH), w/IGF-1/somatomedinC below age and gender adj nrml\nrange as \nprovided by physicians lab, or pt does not have low IGF-1/somatomedinC and d/c\nGH tx for at least \n1mo, and pt has 1 GH stim test (ITT,GHRH+ARG,ARG,glucagon) after d/c of tx for\nat least 1mo w/peak \nGH value [ITT at or below 5mcg/L], [GHRH+ARG at or below 11mcg/L if BMI less\nthan 25kg/m2, at or \nbelow 8mcg/L if BMI at or above 25 and below 30kg/m2, or at or below 4mcg/L if\nBMI at or above \n30kg/m2], [glucagon at or below 3mcg/L], [Arg at or below 0.4mcg/L], or at low\nrisk of severe GHD(eg \nd/t isolated and/or idiopathic GHD) and d/c GH tx for at least 1mo, and pt has\n1 GH stim test (ITT, \nGHRH+ARG, ARG, glucagon) after d/c of tx for at least 1mo w/corresponding peak\nGH value [ITT at or \nbelow 5mcg/L], [GHRH+ARG at or below 11mcg/L if BMI less than 25kg/m2, at or\nbelow 8mcg/L if BMI \nat or above 25 and below 30kg/m2, or at or below 4mcg/L if BMI at or above\n30kg/m2], [glucagon at or \nbelow 3mcg/L], [Arg at or below 0.4mcg/L]. TPAP(reauth): evidence of positive\nresponse to therapy \n(eg,incr in total lean body mass, exercise capacity or IGF-1 and IGFBP-3).\nIGHDA(initial):doc GHD by \nfailure to produce peak serum GH greater than 5 mcg/L after 2 provocative\npharmacol stim\n\n\n# PAGE 120\n\n\n \nCMS Approved 09/01/2021\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1561855, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='109' style='font-size:16px'>Research Original Investigation</header>\n<br><header id='110' style='font-size:16px'>Treatment of Vitamin D Insufficiency in Postmenopausal Women</header>\n<p id='111' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Figure 2. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) Levels by Treatment Assignment</p>\n<br><figure data-category='chart'><img id='112' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"100\nPlacebo\nLow dose\n90\nHigh dose\n80\n70\nng/mL 60\n25(OH)D, 40\n50\n30\n20\n10\n0\nScreening Randomization 30 Days 60 Days 120 Days 240 Days 365 Days\nPlacebo 21 (3) 20 (4) 20 (6) 20 (6) 20 (9) 19 (7) 18 (6)\nLow dose 21 (3) 20 (5) 26 (5) 27 (5) 29 (7) 28 (6) 27 (8)\nHigh dose 21 (3) 20 (6) 80 (20) 59 (15) 46 (10) 45 (9) 42 (8)\" data-coord=\"top-left:(149,164); bottom-right:(855,608)\" /></figure>\n<p id='113' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>We measured bone turnover markers in individuals who<br>attended all study visits before 10 AM, fasting since midnight<br>(n = 149 [64.8%]). We found no consistent between-arm dif-<br>ferences in C-telopeptide or bone-specific alkaline phospha-<br>tase, when analyzed as changes from baseline (eTable 5 in<br>Supplement 2) or in models.</p>\n<br><p id='114' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Predefined adverse events are summarized in eTable 6 in<br>Supplement 2. Nephrolithiasis was incidentally detected in a<br>woman in the low-dose arm who underwent abdominal<br>imaging for other reasons; lack of prior imaging precluded<br>ability to determine timing of the stone. Falls, fractures, and<br>hospitalizations were evenly distributed across arms. Two<br>participants in the low-dose cholecalciferol arm experienced<br>transient asymptomatic hypercalcemia. Hypercalciuria<br>occurred 9 times: 7 times in the high-dose arm (4 partici-<br>pants), once in the low-dose arm, and once in the placebo<br>arm (P = .19). Serum calcium and phosphorus levels were<br>similar in all arms (eTable 7 in Supplement 2). At 60 days, the<br>high-dose arm had higher urine calcium levels than the low-<br>dose (P = .007) and placebo (P = .001) arms (eTable 7 and<br>eTable 8 in Supplement 2). Likewise, at 120 and 365 days, the<br>high-dose arm experienced higher urine calcium levels than<br>the placebo arm (eTable 7 and eTable 8 in Supplement 2). We<br>found no other differences in adverse effects across treat-<br>ment arms (eTable 9 in Supplement 2).</p>\n<h1 id='115' style='font-size:22px'>Discussion</h1>\n<br><p id='116' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Experts have debated the optimal 25(OH)D levels needed to<br>optimize musculoskeletal health. Although some groups4-6,41<br>advocate levels of 30 ng/mL or greater, the Institute of<br>Medicine7 defines vitamin D repletion as a level of 20 ng/mL<br>or greater. We designed a clinical trial to directly address on-<br>going controversy about optimal vitamin D levels for muscu-<br>loskeletal health. We found that compared with placebo, high-<br>dose cholecalciferol had a very small effect on calcium</p>\n<br><p id='117' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Serum 25(OH)D levels were<br>summarized using mean (SD) and<br>compared across treatment arms by<br>analysis of variance, with correction<br>of P values to control for the false<br>discovery rate using the Benjamini<br>and Hochberg method.21 The<br>25(OH)D levels were not significantly<br>different across treatment groups at<br>the screening (P = .89) and<br>randomization (P = .89) visits. At all<br>subsequent visits, serum 25(OH)D<br>levels were significantly different<br>(P < .001) across all 3 treatment arms.<br>Pairwise comparisons likewise had<br>P < .001. To convert 25(OH)D to<br>nanomoles per liter, multiply by<br>2.496.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Calculate the percentage increase in growth hormone levels from baseline to post-test for Bosco et al.'s study in 2000, given that the baseline GH is 6.2 ng/ml and post-test GH is 28.6 ng/ml.	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 284, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["numerical reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 1348672, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='63' style='font-size:20px'>Mobile AR Market Size</h1>\n<p id='64' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>G iven AR\u2019s usage share among U.S. adults,<br>how does this translate to overall market size?<br>Applying the above figure to the U.S. adult<br>population indicates that there are roughly 97.5<br>million adults who have tried AR, up from 84.8<br>million last year.</p>\n<br><p id='65' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>To pause for definitions, these totals measure<br>U.S. adults who have used AR at least once.<br>This broad definition lets us start with a larger<br>population, then drill down for insights. For<br>example, we\u2019ll explore in this report how this<br>overall usage breaks down by frequency.</p>\n<figure data-category='chart'><img id='66' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(96,618); bottom-right:(1182,1024)\" /></figure>\n<h1 id='67' style='font-size:20px'>Mobile AR User Profiles</h1>\n<p id='68' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>A s for who these users are, demographically<br>speaking, they skew male, younger, and<br>middle class. Specifically, 59 percent of AR<br>users are 18-34 years old, 57 percent are<br>male, and 49 percent have annual household<br>incomes between $25,000 and $75,000.</p>\n<br><p id='69' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>If we flip the analysis to examine AR usage<br>within each demographic group, there are<br>similar breakdowns. 57 percent of Gen-Z, 53<br>percent of Gen-Y, and 7 percent of baby<br>boomers have used AR. 41 percent of males<br>and 24 percent of females have done so.</p>\n<footer id='70' style='font-size:14px'>\u00a9 2021 ARtillery Intelligence</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 56663, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='17' style='font-size:20px'>1. Demographic Profile</h1>\n<br><p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>These questions were used in order to establish the consumer demographics. They were used<br>to find out the respondents age, gender, qualification, profession, marital status and family<br>income.</p>\n<p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>1.1 Age of the Respondents: Age was included to find out the significant relationship<br>between the various factors that influences the various age groups. The different age group<br>was set up and the respondents were asked to choose from these groups.</p>\n<h1 id='20' style='font-size:20px'>Table 1</h1>\n<br><p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Age of the Respondents</p>\n<table id='22' style='font-size:20px'><tr><td>Age Group</td><td>Percent</td></tr><tr><td>15years -19 years</td><td>30.8</td></tr><tr><td>20 years -29 years</td><td>48.0</td></tr><tr><td>30 years -39 years</td><td>16.4</td></tr><tr><td>40 years and Above</td><td>4.8</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>100</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Source: Compiled From Primary Data.</p>\n<p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>From the above Table 1, it is observed that 48 per cent of the respondents are from the age<br>group of 20-29. The age group 15-19 reflects 30.8 per cent of the total respondents. Overall<br>78.8 per cent of the respondents are in the age group of 15-29.</p>\n<p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>1.2 Gender of the Respondents: Gender was included in the survey in order to find out if<br>there is a difference between men and women concerning the beliefs towards the factors.</p>\n<caption id='26' style='font-size:20px'>Table 2</caption>\n<br><p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Gender of the Respondents</p>\n<br><table id='28' style='font-size:20px'><tr><td>Gender</td><td>Percent</td></tr><tr><td>Male</td><td>56.4</td></tr><tr><td>Female</td><td>43.6</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>100</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Source: Compiled From Primary Data.</p>\n<p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Table 2 shows the distribution of the male and female respondents. The distribution of<br>respondents shows a majority of male respondents (56.4 per cent) as compared to the female<br>respondents (43.6 per cent)</p>\n<br><footer id='31' style='font-size:16px'>24</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2718118, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='0' style='font-size:20px'>S OCIAL</h1>\n<p id='1' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Percentage of individuals using the Internet by age<br>range, 2018, selected countries</p>\n<br><table id='2' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>Country</td><td><15</td><td>15-24</td><td>25-74</td><td>>74</td></tr><tr><td>Bolivia</td><td>23.1</td><td>76.9</td><td>43.8</td><td>3.8</td></tr><tr><td>Brazil</td><td>82.2</td><td>89.9</td><td>67.2</td><td>12.8</td></tr><tr><td>Colombia</td><td>60.4</td><td>84.2</td><td>62.2</td><td>11.3</td></tr><tr><td>France</td><td>82.0</td><td>97.0</td><td>86.7</td><td>29.7</td></tr><tr><td>Indonesia</td><td>22.4</td><td>77.1</td><td>35.7</td><td>1.6</td></tr><tr><td>Kazakhstan</td><td>72.4</td><td>94.5</td><td>80.7</td><td>8.0</td></tr><tr><td>Macao, China</td><td>69.1</td><td>98.1</td><td>90.7</td><td>43.6</td></tr><tr><td>Mauritius</td><td>62.0</td><td>88.6</td><td>53.6</td><td>6.3</td></tr><tr><td>Mexico</td><td>66.5</td><td>90.0</td><td>61.3</td><td>9.5</td></tr><tr><td>Morocco</td><td>71.5</td><td>81.3</td><td>58.7</td><td>35.6</td></tr><tr><td>Paraguay</td><td>35.5</td><td>84.8</td><td>66.2</td><td>6.1</td></tr><tr><td>Peru</td><td>43.4</td><td>79.3</td><td>49.2</td><td>5.4</td></tr><tr><td>Thailand</td><td>69.6</td><td>91.4</td><td>50.9</td><td>2.6</td></tr><tr><td>Ukraine</td><td>53.2</td><td>92.4</td><td>66.4</td><td>7.7</td></tr><tr><td>Uruguay</td><td>55.3</td><td>94.4</td><td>81.0</td><td>25.2</td></tr><tr><td>Uzbekistan</td><td>36.2</td><td>74.2</td><td>53.7</td><td>5.5</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Distribution of values in selected countries, by age range, for<br>the percentage of individuals using the Internet in 2018</p>\n<br><figure data-category='chart'><img id='4' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"100\n80\n60\n40\n20\n0\n<15 15-24 25-74 >74\" data-coord=\"top-left:(618,251); bottom-right:(1112,716)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Please note that for some countries, age ranges may differ from those<br>depicted due to the scope of their data collections.</p>\n<h1 id='6' style='font-size:18px'>References:</h1>\n<p id='7' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 1 For example, the Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/mar/13/covid-19-could-cause-<br>permanent-shift-towards-home-working<br>\u2022 2 See https://www.google.com/covid19/mobility/</p>\n<br><h1 id='8' style='font-size:18px'>Metadata:</h1>\n<br><p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>\u2022 For detailed information regarding the definitions of regions and country development groups, please refer to:<br>https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/definitions/regions.aspx</p>\n<br><h1 id='10' style='font-size:18px'>Source:</h1>\n<p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>\u2022 ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database.</p>\n<figure><img id='12' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(141,1260); bottom-right:(231,1350)\" /></figure>\n<footer id='13' style='font-size:16px'>39</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 460015, "type": "html", "content": "<table id='76' style='font-size:16px'><tr><td></td><td>2019</td><td>2030</td></tr><tr><td>Global</td><td>15.9</td><td>20.5</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Africa</td><td>7.6</td><td>8.4</td></tr><tr><td>Asia</td><td>14.3</td><td>19.7</td></tr><tr><td>Europe</td><td>31.3</td><td>40.6</td></tr><tr><td>Latin America and Caribbean</td><td>14.8</td><td>20.1</td></tr><tr><td>North America</td><td>27.7</td><td>36.4</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Indonesia</td><td>10.2</td><td>15.4</td></tr><tr><td>India</td><td>11</td><td>14.1</td></tr><tr><td>Japan</td><td>51</td><td>57.7</td></tr><tr><td>Germany</td><td>36.1</td><td>47.7</td></tr><tr><td>China</td><td>17.7</td><td>27.4</td></tr><tr><td>Kenya</td><td>5.1</td><td>6.5</td></tr><tr><td>Ethiopia</td><td>7.9</td><td>7.7</td></tr><tr><td>Australia and New Zealand</td><td>27.1</td><td>34.9</td></tr><tr><td>Eastern Europe</td><td>26.5</td><td>35.6</td></tr><tr><td>Western Europe</td><td>35.5</td><td>45.5</td></tr></table>\n<p id='77' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>dependency ratio is projected to see the largest increase of<br>any emerging market over the coming 20 years.<br>With these factors in mind, the Waypoint 2050 analysis uses<br>the UN\u2019s population projections broken down by country and<br>by age group, alongside information on the characteristics<br>of air travellers by age group and by region, to estimate how<br>these demographic effects will affect future air travel demand.<br>To illustrate using the example of Japan, its population is<br>projected by the UN to decline by around 8% between 2015<br>and 2035. This in itself is likely to constrain future Japanese<br>demand for air travel. However, given that Japan\u2019s population<br>is also projected to age considerably over the same period \u2013<br>and older people comprise a comparatively small proportion<br>of air travellers in the Asia Pacific region \u2013 the average<br>\u2018propensity\u2019 to fly in Japan is also expected to decline over the<br>next twenty years.<br>All told, it is estimated that the decline in Japan\u2019s population<br>between now and 2035 that is relevant for purposes of<br>forecasting air markets is more than 20%. In other words, all<br>else equal, the combination of population and demographic<br>pressures is expected to reduce Japanese demand for air<br>travel by more than 1% on average each year between now and<br>2035. Similar situations will be faced by countries like Russia<br>and Italy.<br>China is another notable example of a country that faces<br>significant headwinds from an ageing population. To be<br>clear, increases in living standards in China are on their own<br>expected to underpin growth in air travel to the tune of 3.7%<br>per year over the coming 20 years (which is equivalent to an<br>more than 550 million additional Chinese passengers each</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1102712, "type": "text", "content": "Int. Statistical Inst.: Proc. 58th World Statistical Congress, 2011, Dublin\n(Session CPS023)\n\n\n \np.4399\n\n\ndemographics and responses. Specifically, the study aims to (1) examine\ndemographic characteristics of \nfrequent and non-frequent internet users, (2) assess whether frequency of\ninternet use is associated with \ndifferent opinions and behaviors and (3) whether the \u201cfrequency divide\u201d still\nmakes a difference when \ncontrolled by relevant demographic variables.\n\n\n# 2\\. Methodology\n\n\n \n\nData for this study come from the Eurobarometer Wave 72.1 on Poverty, Social\nExclusion, Climate \nChange and the National Economic Situation (2009) relative to Portugal\ncollected at the request of the \nEuropean Commission. The study covers the population aged 15 years and over. A\nmulti-stage random \nsample design was applied. Face-to-face interviews were conducted in people's\nhomes.\n\n\n \n\nThe sample size is 1051 interviews. The analysis was restricted to the\nrespondents who said they use \nthe internet at home (n=378). Table 1 shows its distribution across categories\nof frequency of internet use at \nhome:\n\n\nTable 1: Frequency of internet use at home of\n\n\nT he frequency of internet use at home was recorded into a binary variable \u2013\ninternet usage profile \u2013 \ncoded as 1\u2013frequent user and 0\u2013non-frequent user; the former corresponds to\ndaily, or almost daily, home \ninternet usage, and the latter to usage of 2 or 3 times a week or less. This\nnew variable is used in the \nsubsequent analysis.\n\n\n3\\. Demographics of frequent and non-frequent users\n\n\n \n\nThe analysis begins by evaluating the demographic characteristics of frequent\nand non-frequent users \nof internet. We start with a bivariate analysis in which an evaluation is made\nof the association between each \ndemographic and internet use profile. Table 2 shows the percentage\ndistribution of eight demographic \ncharacteristics for each subgroup of internet use and the results of the chi-\nsquare test performed.\n\n\n \n\nA significant association (p<0.05) was found between internet usage profile\nand age, education, \nemployment status, marital status and presence of children in the household.\nOverall, the associations can be \ndescribed as follows:\n\n\n \n\n\u2212 Age \u2013 frequent users of the internet tend to be young as this group had a\ngreater proportion of the 15- \n24 year age group (28.9%) than the non-frequent users (16.8%). \n\u2212 Education \u2013 non-frequent users include a higher proportion (37.3%) of early\nschool leavers (under 15 \nyears); frequent users included a higher percentage of people left school at\nthe age of 20 or older or \nwere still studying than the non-frequent users subgroup. \n\u2212 Employment status \u2013 whereas frequent users have a higher percentage of\nhousewives/househusbands \n(26.7%) non-frequent users have a higher percentage of employed persons\n(71.2%). \n\u2212 Marital status \u2013 a greater proportion of single people was found in the\nfrequent users group (37.1%) \nwhile non-frequent users have a higher percentage of married people (71.7%). \n\u2212 Presence of children in the household \u2013 there is a higher percentage of\nhouseholds with children \nunder 10 years old among non-frequent users (30.4%).\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 494008, "type": "text", "content": "AmtrakConnectsUs.com\n\n\n# CHANGING TRAVEL PREFERENCES FAVOR RAIL\n\n\nFueling population growth is the millennial generation\u2014those born between 1981\nand 1996, who make up the nation\u2019s largest age cohort. \nMembers of this group travel more frequently and spend more on travel than any\nother age group.13 They also drive less frequently than do \npreceding generations. Despite this, millennials are significantly\nunderrepresented among Amtrak travelers, as indicated in the box below, \nbecause Amtrak service is negligible in most of the cities and regions where\nthe millennial population is growing the fastest.\n\n\n\u2022 Almost 90% of millennials live in urban areas according to the Pew Research\nCenter.14\n\n\n\u2022 Millennials prefer to arrange travel with a smartphone app: 55% of urban 18\nto 29-year-olds have used an app-based \nridesharing service, according to the Pew Research Center.\n\n\n\u2022 They expect good Wi-Fi: in a Forbes survey, 97% of millennials said they had\nused social media while traveling.15\n\n\n\u2022 In a OnePoll survey, 77% of 18- to 29-year-olds said sustainability\ninfluences their travel decisions.16\n\n\nAging populations would also benefit from the availability of rail options as\ndriving becomes more difficult for them. The number of \nAmericans aged 65 and older is projected to nearly double from 53 million in\n2018 to 95 million by 2060.17 Passengers over 65 make up \n24% of all Amtrak riders.\n\n\nIntercity passenger rail is an important mobility choice for an aging\npopulation.\n\n\nFigure 11. Amtrak Ridership Demographics by Age Group, 2019\n\n\n13\\. https://www.bhtp.com/blog/millennial-\ntravel#:~:text=Millennials%20are%20spending%20and%20traveling,to%20%243%2C300%20for%20Baby%20Boomers. \n14\\. https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2018/05/22/demographic-and-economic-\ntrends-in-urban-suburban-and-rural-communities/ \n15\\. https://www.forbes.com/sites/jefffromm/2018/07/31/how-are-millennials-\nusing-travel-technology/?sh=703abee7132d \n16\\. https://www.travelagentcentral.com/running-your-\nbusiness/stats-90-millennials-consider-company-ethics-when-booking-travel\n\n\n \n\n17\\. Population Reference Bureau\n\n\nThe Right Conditions for Expansion 2 9\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 11431, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='42' style='font-size:22px'>Everyone Uses Chatbots.</h1>\n<p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>In an age where instant gratification is at the forefront of<br>almost everything we do, chatbots are helping companies<br>respond to the growing demand.</p>\n<p id='44' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>3 out of 5</p>\n<br><p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>millennials use chatbots</p>\n<br><p id='46' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>70% of them report positive<br>experiences. This isn\u2019t the only age<br>group reaping the rewards, 61% of<br>those who benefit the most from<br>the quick response interactions are<br>baby boomers.</p>\n<p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Why Do Patients Love Bots?</p>\n<p id='48' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>- 24/7 access<br>- Real-time conversation<br>- Personalized experience<br>- No app or portal required for access<br>- Simple questions answered quickly<br>- Issues addressed instantly</p>\n<p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Try it out for yourself!</p>\n<h1 id='50' style='font-size:14px'>Numbers Don\u2019t Lie.</h1>\n<figure data-category='chart'><img id='51' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"18-29 30-44 45-60\n100%\n80%\n60%\n40% 71.3% 71.3% 64.2%\n20%\n5.1% 4.6% 6.7%\nWill use chatbots Don\u2019t use chatbots\" data-coord=\"top-left:(100,2253); bottom-right:(1064,2888)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>www.qliqsoft.com</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 11430, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='30' style='font-size:18px'>Adoption Made Easy. Easy.<br>Made<br>Adoption</h1>\n<br><h1 id='31' style='font-size:22px'>81%</h1>\n<br><p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>of the U.S. population own and<br>use a smartphone.</p>\n<p id='33' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Scanning a QR code is as simple as<br>opening up the device camera and<br>taking a photo. 91% of iPhone users<br>have access to scanning QR codes<br>through their device\u2019s native camera.<br>By 2022, the number of QR codes<br>scanned by mobile devices is<br>expected to jump to 5.3 billion.</p>\n<br><figure><img id='34' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(955,636); bottom-right:(1437,1290)\" /></figure>\n<figure data-category='chart'><img id='35' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"3rd Party App Needed\nLeast Expensive\nEasy to Redirect\nMultiple Use Cases\nRange of Scanning\nFamiliarity\" data-coord=\"top-left:(247,1556); bottom-right:(1193,2233)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>QR Code NFC Tag</p>\n<br><figure><img id='37' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1562,643); bottom-right:(2044,1282)\" /></figure>\n<p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>QR Codes vs. NFC Tags</p>\n<p id='39' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The main difference between a QR code<br>and NFC tag is how the desired action is<br>completed. QR codes are scanned and<br>NFC tags require a \u201ctap\u201d from the device<br>to complete the action.This is where NFC<br>tags fall short of QR codes by requiring<br>the physical tap as where QR codes can<br>be scanned from a further range of<br>distance.</p>\n<p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Fewer than 20% of patients<br>utilize a provider portal or download<br>an app, which is drastically lower than<br>the 97% that text.</p>\n<br><p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>www.qliqsoft.com</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3221310, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='24' style='font-size:20px'>Growing market</h1>\n<p id='25' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 By 2022 active social network users are projected to be 42.8m people<br>\u2022 Under 35\u2019s; 90-96% have a social media profile<br>\u2022 12-15 yr olds: 72% use Facebook, 62% use Snapchat<br>\u2022 Over 45 the usage of social media drops with each decade.</p>\n<p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 If you want to raise awareness and interest then you need to be using<br>social media in some form</p>\n<footer id='27' style='font-size:14px'>13/03/2020</footer>\n<br><p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Social Media Girls</p>\n<br><footer id='29' style='font-size:14px'>7</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3607530, "type": "html", "content": "<figure data-category='chart'><img id='27' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"Classical Streams by Region: Age Split\n100%\n3%\n5% 5% 5% 7%\n5%\n90% 9% 18% 8%\n11%\n11%\n17%\n80%\n18% 17%\n16%\n19% 20%\n70%\n60%\n27% 24% 37%\n28%\n50% 25%\n28%\n40%\n30%\n32%\n20% 33%\n34%\n20% 28% 36%\n10% 12%\n13%\n11%\n8% 6%\n5%\n3%\n0%\nGlobal UK France Germany US Brazil\nUnder 17 18-25 26-35 36-45 46-55 56 and over\" data-coord=\"top-left:(62,292); bottom-right:(1170,1563)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='28' style='font-size:18px' alt=\"Streamers aged Streams by under\nunder 35 accounted 35s rose by 17%\nfor over two thirds worldwide in the\n(69%) of Classical last year\nmusic played\nglobally between\nJune 2019 and June\n2020.\nRPO also found\nunder 35s were the\nage group most likely\nto listen to orchestral\nmusic during isolation\nIn the UK, (59%, compared to a\nover 60% of national average\nClassical streams of 51%).\nare from\nlisteners under\n45 years old.\nDemographics:\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1219,0); bottom-right:(2990,1383)\" /></figure>\n<p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Note: figures re-percentaged to omit those whose age is unknown</p>\n<br><p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Age Group</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	By comparing usage of chatbots across different demographics, which age group is likely to increase their usage based on statistics, and why?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 285, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["tabular reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 1569019, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='59' style='font-size:14px'>Daniel J. Dorval, CFP 15</header>\n<p id='60' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>cies sold to people based on their fears rather than their personal situation. I rec-<br>ommend spouses seriously sit down and discuss what would happen if either of<br>them would die or become disabled and discuss what the other spouse would<br>want or need in that scenario. Do this before talking to an insurance agent.<br>Develop your objective and then \ufb01gure out how to address the objective.</p>\n<br><p id='61' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>For example, we have a fairly unique situation. I personally do not carry long<br>term disability coverage (I probably just lost credibility with any \ufb01nancial plan-<br>ners reading this book). How can a \ufb01nancial planner with a family be so irrespon-<br>sible to not carry a long term disability policy? My wife and I discussed this issue<br>at length and came up with a couple conclusions (not necessarily right or wrong,<br>but this is how we discussed the issue). My wife is a structural engineer so she has<br>the ability to earn a good income if I became disabled. Her income would mostly<br>replace the money I currently earn. This helps hedge our risk, but still is not<br>enough. My profession is not a physical profession meaning it would take a very<br>serious disability for me not to perform my job (basically a disability that kept me<br>from doing any type of job). If that happened, social security would likely qualify<br>me for disability bene\ufb01ts, but it is extremely dif\ufb01cult to get approved for social<br>security disability bene\ufb01ts. Most people are denied at least once. This would lead<br>most people to believe I should purchase a long term disability policy, but there is<br>another less obvious issue to think about. I personally believe most disability<br>insurance companies are, how should I say it, less than ethical in dealing with<br>their policy holders (I am trying to be nice). Personal disability insurance is<br>expensive to buy and I am not entirely convinced the coverage would pay off<br>unless I suffered a truly debilitating disability. I am not saying this is the right<br>way to feel about disability insurance, but it is the way we feel about disability<br>coverage.</p>\n<br><p id='62' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>That being said, I am currently investigating group long term disability cover-<br>age through my broker/dealer. This is a new option that recently became avail-<br>able to us. If the prices are reasonable, I will likely purchase some type of policy to<br>supplement my wife\u2019s earning ability. I am thinking $2,000/month of bene\ufb01ts<br>would pay for help with our daughter (since my wife would be working and I<br>may be too disabled to watch Isabella) and would cover some supervision for me.<br>Health insurance should cover my increased medical expenses if any. I have run<br>through this scenario with disability insurance agents and they gasp in horror at<br>my ignorance. They immediately bring up the worst case scenario and claim I am<br>being absolutely irresponsible for not better protecting my family. This may also<br>happen to you, but you need to remember how these people get paid. They can<br>only get paid if you buy a policy meaning they have no vested interest in your</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2366888, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='45' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(2,1); bottom-right:(1302,197)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='46' style='font-size:20px'>Business exit strategies</h1>\n<h1 id='47' style='font-size:18px'>The importance of forward planning</h1>\n<br><p id='48' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>At some point you will want to stop working in your business<br>and either sell up, in which case business exit planning is a<br>crucial element of your financial strategy, and could make all the<br>difference to your long-term personal finances. Alternatively,<br>you may wish to hand over the reins to your successors, in which<br>case good planning will also help to ensure a smooth transition.</p>\n<br><h1 id='49' style='font-size:14px'>Important issues to consider include:</h1>\n<br><p id='50' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>y passing on your business to your children or other family<br>members, or to a family trust<br>y selling your share in the business to your co-owners or<br>partners<br>y selling your business to some or all of the workforce<br>y selling the business to a third party<br>y public flotation or sale to a public company<br>y winding up<br>y minimising your tax liability<br>y what you will do when you no longer own the business.</p>\n<br><h1 id='51' style='font-size:18px'>Selling the business</h1>\n<br><p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>If your business has a market value, or if you are looking to your<br>business to provide you with a lump sum on sale, it is important<br>to start planning in advance, especially if you envisage realising<br>the value of your business in the next few years. Selling your<br>business is a major personal decision and it is very important to<br>plan now if you want to maximise the net proceeds from its sale.</p>\n<br><h1 id='53' style='font-size:14px'>You will need to consider:</h1>\n<br><p id='54' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>y the timing of the sale<br>y the prospective purchasers<br>y the opportunities for reducing the tax due following a sale.</p>\n<br><p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>We can help with these considerations.</p>\n<br><h1 id='56' style='font-size:18px'>Maximising the sale value</h1>\n<br><p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Up-to-date management accounts and forecasts for the next<br>12 months and beyond will be close to the top of the list<br>of the information which you will need to make available to<br>prospective purchasers.</p>\n<br><p id='58' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Anyone who is considering buying your business will want to<br>be clear about the underlying profitability trends. Are profits<br>on the increase or declining? Historical profits drive the value<br>attributable to many businesses, and therefore a rising trend in<br>profitability should result in an increase in the business\u2019s value.</p>\n<br><p id='59' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>This means that profitability planning is particularly important in<br>the years leading up to the sale. So, what is the range of values<br>for your business?</p>\n<br><p id='60' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>A professional valuation will put you on more solid ground than<br>educated guesswork. We can work with you to determine how<br>you can add value to your business.</p>\n<br><h1 id='61' style='font-size:18px'>Your business valuation</h1>\n<br><p id='62' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>When considering business valuations, some of the key questions<br>to ask are:</p>\n<br><p id='63' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>y Are sales declining, flat, growing only at the rate of inflation or<br>exceeding it?<br>y Are stock and equipment a large part of your business\u2019s value,<br>or is yours a service business with limited fixed assets?<br>y To what extent does your business depend on the health of<br>other industries/the economy?<br>y What is the outlook for your line of business as a whole?<br>y Are your business\u2019s products and services diversified?<br>y How up to date is your technology?</p>\n<br><h1 id='64' style='font-size:18px'>When is the best time to sell?</h1>\n<br><p id='65' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>It is important to consider a number of factors when deciding<br>on the best time to sell your business. These could be factors<br>that may influence potential buyers as well as your own<br>personal circumstances.</p>\n<br><p id='66' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Personal factors to consider might include:</p>\n<br><p id='67' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>y When are you planning to retire?<br>y Do you have any health issues?<br>y Do you still relish the challenges of running your business?<br>y Does your business have an heir apparent?<br>y Will your income stream and wealth be adequate, post-sale?</p>\n<br><p id='68' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Meanwhile, business questions might be:</p>\n<br><p id='69' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>y What are the current trends in the stock market?<br>y To what extent is your business \u2018trendy\u2019 or at the<br>leading edge?<br>y Is your business forecasting increases to the top and<br>bottom lines?<br>y How well is your business performing when compared to other,<br>similar businesses?</p>\n<br><p id='70' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>y Is your business running at, or near, its full potential?</p>\n<br><p id='71' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Considering capital gains tax (CGT)</p>\n<br><p id='72' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Taxes are perhaps one of the less welcome aspects of a business<br>person\u2019s life. When you raise that final sales invoice and realise<br>the proceeds from the sale of your business, you should be<br>completing one of the last steps in a strategy aimed at maximising<br>the net return by minimising the CGT on sale.</p>\n<br><p id='73' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>As a basic rule, CGT is charged on the difference between what<br>you paid for an asset and what you receive when you sell it, less<br>your annual CGT exemption if this has not been set against other<br>gains. There are several other provisions, which may also need to<br>be factored into the calculation of any CGT liability.</p>\n<br><p id='74' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>CGT reliefs can reduce a 20% CGT bill significantly. To maximise<br>your net proceeds it is vital that you consult with us about the<br>timing of a sale, and the CGT reliefs and exemptions to which you<br>might be entitled.</p>\n<footer id='75' style='font-size:16px'>12</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1776, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='15' style='font-size:20px'>BMO Wealth Management</h1>\n<br><header id='16' style='font-size:16px'>Insurance Considerations for Business Owners and Incorporated Professionals</header>\n<br><h1 id='17' style='font-size:16px'>PAGE 2</h1>\n<p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The amount that exceeds the adjusted cost base of the policy<br>can be passed on to your beneficiaries tax-free through your<br>company\u2019s capital dividend account.</p>\n<br><p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Protect yourself and your business</p>\n<br><p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>For business owners, life changes such as retirement,<br>disability, or death, can impact how your company is owned<br>and operated. Buy-sell agreements (also known as \u201cbuyout<br>agreements\u201d) between business owners offer a degree of<br>protection against situations that can affect the business.<br>For example, in the event of your business partner\u2019s death,<br>where will the money come from to buyout shares from their<br>heirs? Using life insurance to fund a buy-sell agreement can<br>be a cost-effective way to put this important legal agreement<br>in place. The premium is low in comparison to the lump sum<br>that will be paid out, and the insurance proceeds can flow<br>though the company tax-free through a capital dividend<br>account to shareholders for share redemption. This strategy<br>prevents you from having to use your own funds or business<br>assets to fund the agreement or buyout a deceased or<br>disabled owner\u2019s share of the business.</p>\n<br><p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>!</p>\n<br><p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>For more information about the insurance strategies<br>discussed in this article and to determine whether<br>they are appropriate for you, please speak with your<br>BMO Nesbitt Burns Investment Advisor, who can<br>also refer you to a BMO Estate and Insurance Advisor<br>(Financial Security Advisor in Quebec).</p>\n<p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>BMO Wealth Management provides this publication for informational purposes only and it is not and should not be construed as professional advice to any individual. The information contained<br>in this publication is based on material believed to be reliable at the time of publication, but BMO Wealth Management cannot guarantee the information is accurate or complete. Individuals<br>should contact their BMO representative for professional advice regarding their personal circumstances and/or financial position. The comments included in this publication are not intended<br>to be a definitive analysis of tax applicability or trust and estates law. The comments are general in nature and professional advice regarding an individual\u2019s particular tax position should be<br>obtained in respect of any person\u2019s specific circumstances.</p>\n<br><p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>BMO Wealth Management is a brand name that refers to Bank of Montreal and certain of its affiliates in providing wealth management products and services. Not all products and services are<br>offered by all legal entities within BMO Wealth Management.</p>\n<br><p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>BMO Private Banking is part of BMO Wealth Management. Banking services are offered through Bank of Montreal. Investment management services are offered through BMO Private<br>Investment Counsel Inc., an indirect subsidiary of Bank of Montreal. Estate, trust, planning and custodial services are offered through BMO Trust Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of Bank of<br>Montreal.</p>\n<br><p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>BMO Nesbitt Burns Inc. provides comprehensive investment services and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bank of Montreal. If you are already a client of BMO Nesbitt Burns Inc., please contact<br>your Investment Advisor for more information. All insurance products and advice are offered through BMO Nesbitt Burns Financial Services Inc. by licensed life insurance agents, and, in Quebec,<br>by financial security advisors. \u00ae\u201dBMO (M-bar roundel symbol)\u201d is a registered trade-mark of Bank of Montreal, used under licence.</p>\n<br><p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, or referred to in any other publication, without the express written permission of BMO Wealth Management.<br>ID2049 (06/18)</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1775139, "type": "text", "content": "# Business Succession Considerations \nfor Small Business Owners\n\n\nT here comes a point in time when almost every small business owner\ncontemplates the future of his or \nher business. Because \u201cthe business\u201d typically is a substantial asset, an\nowner must address a number \nof estate planning issues that will affect the future stability of the\ncompany. A business succession \nplan is a comprehensive look at the estate planning picture that can include\neverything from \nshareholder buy-sell agreements to management plans, and any other\ndocumentation that will help \nensure the smooth operation of the business. While traditional estate plans\nare designed with tax \nminimization in mind, business succession planning, in addition to such\nconsiderations, is aimed at \nmaintaining the future health of the business.\n\n\n# Protection for Family Members and Executors\n\n\n \n\nProprietorships and partnerships must cease operation as such upon the death\nof an owner or partner. \nAlthough a partnership agreement generally will provide for the continuation\nof the partnership by the \nsurviving owners, it is also important that some provision be made for the\nacquisition of the deceased \npartner\u2019s interest. A sole proprietorship cannot be continued in the same\nmanner as can a partnership. \nIf proprietor assets are not specifically bequeathed to, say, a child who has\nbeen identified as the \nsuccessor to the decedent, they will pass under the general dispositive\nprovisions of the will. During the \nprobate process, the executor would be responsible for operating the business,\nwhich could result in \nbusiness losses and lost value. To address this and other potential problems,\na business succession \nplan is critical. Such a plan, which might consist of a buy-sell agreement or\ncarefully drafted will \nprovisions, can help provide answers to the following important questions\nabout the future of the \nbusiness:\n\n\n1\\. Who has the authority to continue its operation?\n\n\n2\\. Will it be sold, liquidated, or continued?\n\n\n3\\. Who are potential buyers and do they have the cash to activate the\npurchase in a timely fashion?\n\n\nT o promote the continued operation of a sole proprietorship, the owner might\nleave written instructions \nsetting forth his or her intentions with respect to management of the business\nfollowing death. Such a \nwritten document might provide some guidance to a successor proprietor (e.g.,\na spouse or child who \nmight need assistance during the transition period). Since the successor\nwould, however, own all of the\n\n\nCopyright \u00a9 2015 Liberty Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved \nDistributed by Financial Media Exchange\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1774, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='0' style='font-size:18px'>BMO Wealth Management</h1>\n<h1 id='1' style='font-size:20px'>Insurance Considerations for Business Owners and<br>Incorporated Professionals</h1>\n<p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Insurance is generally thought of as a risk management tool; however, as a business owner or incorporated professional,<br>insurance can provide multiple benefits, including the potential for significant tax savings. This article looks at three<br>insurance strategies that can be implemented into your financial plan to supplement your retirement savings, help<br>protect your business, and help you maximize the value of your estate.</p>\n<br><p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Supplement your retirement using the corporate insured<br>retirement strategy</p>\n<br><p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>As a business owner/incorporated professional, a large<br>portion of your net worth is likely tied up in your company.<br>Even if you have maximized the tax sheltering opportunities<br>provided by your Registered Retirement Savings Plan (or<br>Individual Pension Pan), and Tax-free Savings Account,<br>you may still want to consider additional options that<br>provide flexibility for accessing the funds accumulated in<br>your company to help fund your retirement. Implementing<br>the corporate insured retirement strategy can help you<br>accomplish this by using a permanent life insurance policy<br>and leverage to provide:</p>\n<br><p id='5' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 Life insurance protection;<br>\u2022 Tax-deferred growth of funds;<br>\u2022 Tax-free access to those funds in the future; and<br>\u2022 A tax-free benefit to your estate.</p>\n<br><p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>To implement the corporate insured retirement strategy,<br>your company purchases a permanent life insurance policy<br>based on your needs and that of your business. Please note<br>that the premium payments will not be considered a taxable<br>shareholder benefit if your company is both the owner<br>and beneficiary of the life insurance policy. Premiums are<br>structured to build a cash value within the policy, so that<br>investment earnings within the policy grow tax-deferred<br>until they are withdrawn.</p>\n<br><p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>When you are ready to begin receiving retirement income,<br>the life insurance policy is leveraged to access the cash value.<br>Leveraging involves having your company arrange a loan<br>or line of credit through your financial institution using the<br>accumulated cash value within the life insurance policy as<br>collateral for the loan. The funds borrowed by your company<br>are used to fund taxable dividend or bonus payments to you.</p>\n<br><p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The maximum amount you can borrow ranges from 50 to 90<br>per cent of the cash value within the policy.</p>\n<br><p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The company will be charged interest on the loan, but often<br>an additional loan can be arranged to cover the interest<br>payments. The accumulated loans must remain within the<br>lending limits based on the accumulated cash value within<br>the policy to prevent your policy from terminating.</p>\n<br><p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>For this insurance strategy to provide the most benefit, you<br>should have a long enough time horizon until you retire in<br>order to accumulate a large enough cash value in the policy<br>to generate the income you\u2019ll require.</p>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Tax-efficient succession planning using the corporate<br>asset transfer strategy</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1079603, "type": "text", "content": "# \uf0d8\n\n\n \n\n# Practice Disposition.\n\n\n \n\nHow will your practice be disposed of? If you have \na partner, do you have an up-to-date buy-sell \nagreement funded with life insurance? If you \npractice solo, designate how the practice is to be \nmarketed for sale. If you would utilize services of a \nbroker, designate the broker. Do you belong to a \nstudy group or coverage group who will continue to \nwork in your practice under a coverage \narrangement until the practice is sold? Do you \nhave a current valuation of your practice?\n\n\nCopyright 2015 William P. Prescott, E.M.B.A., J.D. and \nWickens, Herzer, Panza, Cook & Batista Co.\n\n\n \n63\n\n\n \n\n63\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3615480, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='10' style='font-size:20px'>Funding</h1>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The agreement should also recognise the means of funding the buy/sell obligations.</p>\n<p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>T here are generally three options for funding the capital requirements of a business succession plan<br>- sell assets, borrow, or transfer the funding to an alternative mechanism like insurance. Insurance is<br>often the most efficient means of ensuring adequate funds are available if the owner is departing<br>due to death, disability or trauma.</p>\n<p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>I deally, the capital required to fund the transfer should reflect:</p>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 each owner\u2019s individual (or related party-owned) equity holdings; if possible this should<br>allow a cushion for growth over a three year period, particularly if insurance funding is<br>selected as a source of capital<br>\u2022 alternative funding arrangements should insurance for an owner be unavailable or not a<br>viable option.</p>\n<h1 id='15' style='font-size:20px'>T he importance of business succession</h1>\n<br><p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Properly drafted and funded Business Succession Agreements obviously come into their own during<br>periods of great stress for a business, such as the death or disablement of an owner. The stability<br>that such careful forward planning brings at these times cannot be underestimated.</p>\n<p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>T his stability will also be of considerable comfort to other stakeholders in your business, such as<br>staff, creditors, customers/clients and financiers who will know that:</p>\n<br><p id='18' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Professional arrangements, and funding arrangements to back up those plans, are in place<br>for the orderly transfer of ownership, and<br>\u2022 The business can continue to operate under the experienced guidance of the remaining<br>owner(s).</p>\n<p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>F urthermore, having adequate funds available for the settlement of an owner\u2019s interest removes the<br>pressure on the business or the other owners at a time of possible capital vulnerability.</p>\n<h1 id='20' style='font-size:20px'>I nsurance Policy Ownership</h1>\n<br><p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>There are a number of alternatives for how to own insurance policies as part of a buy/sell<br>agreement. For example, the policies could be self-owned (by each owner), cross-owned (by each<br>owner on life of the other owners), owned by a business entity or the owners\u2019 family trusts.. There<br>are benefits and disadvantages with each option and you should seek professional legal advice on<br>this matter.</p>\n<h1 id='22' style='font-size:16px'>S elf-ownership</h1>\n<br><p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Self-ownership is the simplest and most flexible option. The outgoing owner (or their estate)<br>receives the insurance proceeds if a claim is triggered. If the owner has a spouse, they could<br>nominate their spouse as beneficiary so they receive the payment directly.</p>\n<p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>E ach owner is responsible for paying the premiums on their own policy but they can come to an<br>agreement to pay these through the business. Where premiums are paid by the business, they are<br>generally both tax deductible and subject to Fringe Benefits Tax (FBT), with the proceeds received<br>tax free.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1775, "type": "html", "content": "<br><p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Often, business owners let assets accumulate inside their<br>company to take advantage of lower corporate tax rates. In<br>doing so, sometimes your corporation\u2019s investment portfolio<br>becomes overexposed to fixed income investments. If<br>you would like to diversify your assets without sacrificing<br>liquidity, while simultaneously maximizing the value of your<br>estate, then you may want to consider the corporate asset<br>transfer strategy. Individuals with a cash flow surplus in<br>their business who are interested in a tax sheltered flexible<br>investment to house a portion of that surplus can also<br>benefit from this strategy.</p>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The corporate asset transfer strategy involves having your<br>company purchase a permanent life insurance policy, and<br>transferring a portion of its fixed income investments to the<br>insurance policy, which reduces the taxes on the company\u2019s<br>investment income. Even though the insurance carrier may<br>also invest in fixed income investments, the insurance<br>policy\u2019s tax sheltering characteristics prevent the substantial<br>erosion of value each year. Eventually, when the death<br>benefit is paid, it will be received by the corporation tax-free.</p>\n<footer id='14' style='font-size:14px'>CONTINUED</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1079680, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='7' style='font-size:18px'>\uf0d8</h1>\n<br><h1 id='8' style='font-size:20px'>Practice Disposition.</h1>\n<br><p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>How will your practice be disposed of? If you have<br>a partner, do you have an up-to-date buy-sell<br>agreement funded with life insurance? If you<br>practice solo, designate how the practice is to be<br>marketed for sale. If you would utilize services of a<br>broker, designate the broker. Do you belong to a<br>study group or coverage group who will continue to<br>work in your practice under a coverage<br>arrangement until the practice is sold? Do you<br>have a current valuation of your practice?</p>\n<p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Copyright 2015 William P. Prescott, E.M.B.A., J.D. and<br>Wickens, Herzer, Panza, Cook & Batista Co.</p>\n<br><footer id='11' style='font-size:16px'>63</footer>\n<br><p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>63</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1079663, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='19' style='font-size:22px'>Partner disputes.</h1>\n<br><h1 id='20' style='font-size:16px'>\uf0d8</h1>\n<br><p id='21' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>\uf0a7 In appropriate or incomplete agreements.</p>\n<br><p id='22' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>\uf0a7 Buy-sell agreements.</p>\n<br><p id='23' data-category='list' style='font-size:22px'>\uf076Death.</p>\n<br><p id='24' data-category='list' style='font-size:22px'>\uf076Disability.</p>\n<br><p id='25' data-category='list' style='font-size:22px'>\uf076Termination of employment.</p>\n<br><p id='26' data-category='list' style='font-size:22px'>\uf076Retirement as a defined term \u2014 attain a<br>specified age and elect to retire.</p>\n<br><p id='27' data-category='list' style='font-size:22px'>\uf076Election to transfer.</p>\n<br><p id='28' data-category='list' style='font-size:22px'>\uf076Mandatory versus optional buy-out.</p>\n<p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Copyright 2015 William P. Prescott, E.M.B.A., J.D. and<br>Wickens, Herzer, Panza, Cook & Batista Co.</p>\n<br><h1 id='30' style='font-size:14px'>46 46</h1>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	A business owner is considering using the buy-sell agreement strategy and is concerned about both unexpected retirement and potential disability. What are the constraints they should consider to ensure this strategy provides the necessary coverage?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 290, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 1175869, "type": "text", "content": "In comments on the draft EIS, Transco noted that although the firm\ntransportation capacity \nof its system is currently fully subscribed, it could modify its existing\nsystem to provide the \ncapacity sought by DENC by collocating a new 37.7-mile pipeline lateral along\nthe existing right- \nof-way for the Cardinal Pipeline, and modifying an existing compressor station\nin Rockingham \nCounty, North Carolina. Additional system upgrades would likely be necessary\nbefore Transco \nwould be able to provide the additional 375,000 dekatherms per day (Dth/d) of\nfirm transportation \nservice on its mainline from the Project\u2019s proposed receipt point with the MVP\nmainline to the \ninterconnection between Transco and Cardinal Pipeline.\n\n\n \n\nMountain Valley responded to these comments stating that Transco\u2019s System\nAlternative \nwould not meet several of the Southgate Project objectives that DENC\nconsidered prior to \ncontracting for capacity on the Southgate Project, including increased\ncompetition and resiliency, \nrisk diversification, and a direct physical connection to East Tennessee\u2019s\ninterstate pipeline system. \nDENC agreed with Mountain Valley, stating that the Transco System Alternative\nwould not meet \nthe Southgate Project need with less environmental impact and at a lower cost,\nnoting two reasons: \n1) Transco failed to explain how its proposal would resolve Transco\u2019s lack of\navailable firm \ncapacity on its mainline; and 2) that its alternative would be unable to meet\ntheir timing needs for \nbringing the Southgate Project\u2019s proposed capacity online.\n\n\n \n\nWe conclude that undefined modifications would be required along Transco\u2019s\nmainline. \nTransco did not explain what upgrades would be needed to resolve its mainline\nsystem\u2019s lack of \navailable firm capacity. The impacts of these upgrades may be less than,\nsimilar to, or greater than \nthose that would occur as proposed by the Southgate Project. Therefore, we are\nunable to \ndetermine that this alternative would provide a significant environmental\nadvantage.\n\n\n \n\nFinally, as Mountain Valley and DENC pointed out, beginning the numerous\npermitting \nprocesses anew would cause delays that would be inconsistent with DENC\u2019s\ntiming needs for \nbringing into service this additional capacity. While this last factor was not\nincluded as a Southgate \nProject objective, it is clearly a consideration that could affect the\neconomic feasibility of the \nSouthgate Project. Therefore, this alternative is not considered further in\nthis analysis.\n\n\n \n\n3.3.2.2 East Tennessee System Alternative\n\n\n \n\nThe East Tennessee pipeline system has the capacity to transport 1.9 billion\ncubic feet per \nday (bcf/d) of natural gas and extends from Nashville, Tennessee, through\nVirginia, to Eden, North \nCarolina where it interconnects with the Transco pipeline system. The East\nTennessee pipeline \nsystem does not connect with the Southgate Project\u2019s proposed receipt point\nwith the Mountain \nValley Pipeline. The Southgate Project would interconnect with the East\nTennessee pipeline \nsystem at the LN 3600 Interconnect taking gas to delivery points. To meet the\npurpose of the \nProject, modifications to the East Tennessee pipeline system would be required\nto supply 375 \nMMcf/d of natural gas to the DENC distribution system. The modifications would\ninclude \nupgrades similar to the Project including approximately 30 miles of pipeline\ncollocated with the \nTransco pipeline system, 40 miles of new pipeline, and additional compression.\nThese \nmodifications would result in environmental impacts similar to those that\nwould occur as proposed \nby the Project. Therefore, we conclude that this alternative would not provide\na significant \nenvironmental advantage.\n\n\n3-5\n\n\n \nAlternatives\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 805413, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='15' style='font-size:20px'>3rd Quarter 2012 Earnings Conference Call<br>November 7, 2012</h1>\n<p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>business was impacted. That was just around CES and it\u2019s all the things you</p>\n<br><table id='17' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td></td><td>know about and others really driven by the market dynamics and the ...</td></tr><tr><td>C arl Kirst:</td><td>Sure, no I appreciate that. I had missed the first five minutes so all you had to was say NorAm. So I appreciate the color. Thanks.</td></tr><tr><td>G ary Whitlock:</td><td>I wasn\u2019t here then either.</td></tr><tr><td>O perator:</td><td>Once again ladies and gentlemen, if you would like to ask a question, press star one. Thank you for your cooperation. Your next question comes from Faisel Khan with Citi Group.</td></tr><tr><td>F aisel Khan:</td><td>Yes, a couple, just a couple of small questions. You mentioned the better results in gas distribution from non-anew rates but also customer, customer growth. Can you elaborate a little bit more on where that, where that customer growth is coming from?</td></tr><tr><td>G reg Harper:</td><td>Yeah, we've, we\u2019ve seen customer growth I think in the order of about 1 percent kind of on a year-over-year in the, the split in customers is probably very heavily Texas with a little bit in Minnesota. It\u2019s probably the mix, but it\u2019s the 31,000 that we\u2019ve seen, addition that\u2019s driving that, that 1 percent increase.</td></tr><tr><td>F aisel Khan:</td><td>Okay, got you. And then on the, the increase in customers at the, the competitive natural gas business up 17 percent over the last year, what, what\u2019s driving that?</td></tr><tr><td>G reg Harper:</td><td>Yeah, so the drivers behind that is a transaction purchase we had made of a book of customers that was a key part of it as well as just the ongoing organic efforts of, of the team to add customers where we currently serve.</td></tr><tr><td>Faisel Khan:</td><td>Okay, and that, that book of customers you bought, is that, would you say that that is, that those, that that book has been incrementally more profitable to the</td></tr></table>\n<footer id='18' style='font-size:16px'>15 of 20</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2992494, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='34' style='font-size:14px'>GAS OPERATIONS SEGMENT</h1>\n<br><h1 id='35' style='font-size:14px'>AT DECEMBER 31,</h1>\n<br><table id='36' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>CUSTOMERS BY CLASS</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td><td>2016</td><td>2015</td><td>2014</td><td>2013</td><td>2012</td><td>2011</td></tr><tr><td>Residential</td><td>2,039,226</td><td>1,997,418</td><td>1,964,355</td><td>1,932,332</td><td>1,902,227</td><td>1,874,852</td><td>1,849,555</td><td>1,824,008</td><td>1,796,929</td><td>1,780,155</td></tr><tr><td>Small commercial</td><td>82,036</td><td>81,603</td><td>80,676</td><td>80,047</td><td>79,437</td><td>78,833</td><td>78,230</td><td>77,848</td><td>76,800</td><td>76,633</td></tr><tr><td>Large commercial</td><td>990</td><td>987</td><td>992</td><td>1,016</td><td>1,042</td><td>1,043</td><td>1,086</td><td>1,076</td><td>1,118</td><td>1,433</td></tr><tr><td>Industrial / Other</td><td>342</td><td>336</td><td>329</td><td>332</td><td>318</td><td>318</td><td>341</td><td>333</td><td>308</td><td>320</td></tr><tr><td>Transportation</td><td>989</td><td>958</td><td>955</td><td>929</td><td>905</td><td>879</td><td>833</td><td>812</td><td>739</td><td>715</td></tr><tr><td>Total customers</td><td>2,123,583</td><td>2,081,302</td><td>2,047,307</td><td>2,014,656</td><td>1,983,929</td><td>1,955,925</td><td>1,930,045</td><td>1,904,077</td><td>1,875,894</td><td>1,859,256</td></tr><tr><td>Annual customer growth rate</td><td>1.8 %</td><td>1.7 %</td><td>1.6 %</td><td>1.5 %</td><td>1.4 %</td><td>1.3 %</td><td>1.4 %</td><td>1.5 %</td><td>0.9 %</td><td>1.2 %</td></tr></table>\n<h1 id='37' style='font-size:14px'>SYSTEM THROUGHPUT BY CLASS</h1>\n<br><h1 id='38' style='font-size:14px'>YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,</h1>\n<br><table id='39' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>(In thousands of dekatherms)</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td><td>2016</td><td>2015</td><td>2014</td><td>2013</td><td>2012</td><td>2011</td></tr><tr><td>Residential</td><td>80,068</td><td>81,839</td><td>69,702</td><td>67,427</td><td>68,463</td><td>65,542</td><td>61,738</td><td>74,133</td><td>65,505</td><td>71,877</td></tr><tr><td>Small commercial</td><td>29,316</td><td>33,322</td><td>30,534</td><td>29,767</td><td>29,452</td><td>28,512</td><td>27,658</td><td>29,804</td><td>27,067</td><td>30,392</td></tr><tr><td>Large commercial</td><td>9,124</td><td>9,933</td><td>9,255</td><td>9,256</td><td>9,095</td><td>9,228</td><td>9,439</td><td>10,276</td><td>11,658</td><td>11,226</td></tr><tr><td>Industrial / Other</td><td>5,316</td><td>4,255</td><td>3,775</td><td>3,382</td><td>3,028</td><td>3,097</td><td>3,238</td><td>5,021</td><td>4,783</td><td>5,021</td></tr><tr><td>Transportation</td><td>98,328</td><td>100,799</td><td>105,055</td><td>97,441</td><td>97,056</td><td>103,571</td><td>90,669</td><td>103,792</td><td>99,809</td><td>94,154</td></tr><tr><td>Total system throughput</td><td>222,152</td><td>230,148</td><td>218,321</td><td>207,273</td><td>207,094</td><td>209,950</td><td>192,742</td><td>223,026</td><td>208,822</td><td>212,670</td></tr></table>\n<h1 id='40' style='font-size:14px'>OPERATING MARGIN BY CLASS*</h1>\n<br><h1 id='41' style='font-size:14px'>YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,</h1>\n<br><table id='42' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>(In thousands)</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td><td>2016</td><td>2015</td><td>2014</td><td>2013</td><td>2012</td><td>2011</td></tr><tr><td>Residential</td><td>$ 717,581</td><td>$ 686,886</td><td>$ 647,209</td><td>$ 657,574</td><td>$ 640,157</td><td>$ 623,828</td><td>$ 612,641</td><td>$ 601,076</td><td>$ 582,619</td><td>$ 549,844</td></tr><tr><td>Small commercial</td><td>138,272</td><td>142,798</td><td>145,250</td><td>144,096</td><td>142,490</td><td>136,344</td><td>136,272</td><td>133,474</td><td>132,964</td><td>129,946</td></tr><tr><td>Large commercial</td><td>23,618</td><td>23,138</td><td>22,822</td><td>22,232</td><td>22,450</td><td>22,249</td><td>23,412</td><td>25,171</td><td>26,421</td><td>20,248</td></tr><tr><td>Industrial / Other</td><td>10,293</td><td>8,464</td><td>8,251</td><td>7,495</td><td>7,177</td><td>6,937</td><td>6,477</td><td>7,735</td><td>8,706</td><td>8,772</td></tr><tr><td>Transportation</td><td>117,984</td><td>122,489</td><td>114,808</td><td>115,866</td><td>112,017</td><td>101,472</td><td>97,929</td><td>96,697</td><td>91,416</td><td>81,067</td></tr><tr><td>Total operating margin</td><td>$ 1,007,748</td><td>$ 983,775</td><td>$ 938,340</td><td>$ 947,263</td><td>$ 924,291</td><td>$ 890,830</td><td>$ 876,731</td><td>$ 864,153</td><td>$ 842,126</td><td>$ 789,877</td></tr></table>\n<p id='43' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'> Growth rate for 2020 reflects 37,000 new meter sets; remaining increase in customers relates to impact of a moratorium on disconnections during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br>** Includes allocations of miscellaneous, unbilled, and other operating revenues.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1969552, "type": "text", "content": "MANAGEMENT\u2019S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS\n\n\nGAS UTILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE\n\n\n \n\nGas Utilities and Infrastructure includes PGS, NMGC, SeaCoast, Brunswick\nPipeline and Emera\u2019s non-consolidated investment in \nM&NP.; PGS is a regulated gas distribution utility engaged in the purchase,\ndistribution and sale of natural gas serving customers \nin Florida. NMGC is a regulated gas distribution utility engaged in the\npurchase, transmission, distribution and sale of natural \ngas serving customers in New Mexico. SeaCoast is a regulated intrastate\nnatural gas transmission company offering services \nin Florida. Brunswick Pipeline is a regulated 145-kilometre pipeline\ndelivering re-gasified liquefied natural gas from Saint John, \nNew Brunswick, to markets in the northeastern United States.\n\n\nPeoples Gas System\n\n\n \n\nWith approximately $1.6 billion USD of assets and approximately 426,000\ncustomers, the PGS system includes approximately \n22,200 kilometres of natural gas mains and 12,600 kilometres of service lines.\nNatural gas throughput (the amount of gas \ndelivered to its customers, including transportation-only service) was 2.1\nbillion therms in 2020.\n\n\n \n\nFor 2020, the approved ROE range for PGS was 9.25 per cent to 11.75 per cent,\nbased on an allowed equity capital structure of \n54.7 per cent. An ROE of 10.75 per cent was used for the calculation of return\non investments for clauses. Beginning in 2021, the \napproved ROE range is 8.9 per cent to 11.0 per cent, based on an allowed\nequity capital structure of 54.7 per cent and an ROE \nof 9.9 per cent will be used for the calculation of return on investments for\nclauses. See below for further detail.\n\n\nNew Mexico Gas Company, Inc.\n\n\n \n\nWith approximately $1.5 billion USD of assets and approximately 540,000\ncustomers, NMGC serves approximately 60 per cent of \nNew Mexico\u2019s population in 23 of the state\u2019s 33 counties. NMGC\u2019s system\nincludes approximately 2,443 kilometres of transmission \npipelines and 17,243 kilometres of distribution pipelines. Annual natural gas\nthroughput was approximately 948 million therms \nin 2020.\n\n\n \n\nFor 2020, the approved ROE for NMGC was 9.1 per cent, on an allowed equity\ncapital structure of 52 per cent. New rates \nbecame effective August 2019 and were phased in over two years resulting in an\nannual revenue increase of approximately \n$3 million USD. In addition, NMGC\u2019s weather mechanism became effective October\n2019. Beginning in 2021, the approved ROE \nis 9.375 per cent on an allowed equity capital structure of 52 per cent. See\nbelow for further detail.\n\n\n# Gas Utilities and Infrastructure Outlook\n\n\n \n\nGas Utilities and Infrastructure earnings are anticipated to be higher in 2021\nthan 2020 primarily due to rate base growth to \nexpand the distribution system and to continue to reliably serve customers.\n\n\n \n\nPGS anticipates earning within its allowed ROE range in 2021 and expects rate\nbase and earnings to be higher than in 2020. PGS \nexpects customer growth in 2021 to be higher than Florida\u2019s population growth\nrates, reflecting expectations of continued strong \nhousing demand in Florida and commercial activity trending back towards normal\nlevels. Assuming normal weather, PGS sales \nvolumes are expected to increase above customer growth, as the COVID-19\npandemic impact on 2021 commercial energy sales is \nexpected to be less than 2020. In January 2021, a base rate increase went into\neffect in accordance with the FPSC approved rate \ncase settlement and is expected to result in a $34 million USD revenue\nincrease.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 255761, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='22' style='font-size:20px'>Piedmont Natural Gas Service Territories</h1>\n<h1 id='23' style='font-size:16px'>North Carolina</h1>\n<figure><img id='24' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(66,268); bottom-right:(411,519)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='25' style='font-size:16px'>South Carolina</h1>\n<figure><img id='26' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(467,265); bottom-right:(808,576)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='27' style='font-size:16px'>Tennessee</h1>\n<figure><img id='28' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(848,275); bottom-right:(1207,519)\" /></figure>\n<h1 id='29' style='font-size:16px'>Service Area Map</h1>\n<br><figure><img id='30' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(78,636); bottom-right:(1194,1398)\" /></figure>\n<footer id='31' style='font-size:14px'>\u00a92019 Duke Energy Corporation 192122 7/19</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 255760, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='0' style='font-size:22px'>Piedmont Natural Gas<br>Fast Facts</h1>\n<h1 id='1' style='font-size:18px'>Ownership Interests</h1>\n<p id='2' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>\u00a1 Cardinal Pipeline Company LLC \u2013 21.49%</p>\n<p id='3' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>\u00a1 Pine Needle LNG Company LLC \u2013 45%</p>\n<p id='4' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>\u00a1 Hardy Storage Company LLC \u2013 50%</p>\n<h1 id='5' style='font-size:20px'>\u00a1 Constitution Pipeline Company LLC \u2013 24%</h1>\n<h1 id='6' style='font-size:20px'>\u00a1 Atlantic Coast Pipeline LLC \u2013 7%</h1>\n<p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>As of July 1, 2019</p>\n<br><figure><img id='8' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(531,203); bottom-right:(1199,449)\" /></figure>\n<p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Piedmont Natural Gas, a business unit of Duke Energy, is the trusted natural<br>gas provider for more than 1.1 million residential and business customers<br>in North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee. For more than 60 years,<br>the company has provided safe and reliable natural gas services. Piedmont<br>attributes much of its success to high-quality customer service and support<br>for its local communities. More information is available about the company<br>at piedmontng.com.</p>\n<p id='10' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u00a1\u00a1 Net Income: $129 million</p>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u00a1\u00a1 Total Assets: $6.8 billion</p>\n<br><p id='12' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u00a1\u00a1 Employees: 1,696</p>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u00a1\u00a1 Total Customers: 1,081,000</p>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>\u2013 North Carolina: 746,000<br>\u2013 South Carolina: 148,000<br>\u2013 Tennessee: 187,000</p>\n<br><p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>\u00a1\u00a1 Customer Distribution</p>\n<br><p id='16' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>\u2013 90% Residential<br>\u2013 9% Commercial<br>\u2013 1% Industrial and Other</p>\n<p id='17' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u00a1\u00a1 Total Distribution and Transmission Pipelines: 26,100 miles</p>\n<br><p id='18' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u00a1\u00a1 Gas Volumes Delivered: 557 million dekatherms</p>\n<p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>All figures shown are for the year ending Dec. 31, 2018.</p>\n<p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Headquartered in Charlotte, N.C., Duke Energy is an S&P 100 Stock Index<br>company traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol DUK.<br>More information about the company is available at duke-energy.com.</p>\n<footer id='21' style='font-size:14px'>4720 Piedmont Row Drive \| Charlotte, NC 28210 \| www.piedmontng.com</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1969758, "type": "html", "content": "<br><p id='51' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>PGS and NMGC purchase gas from various suppliers depending on the needs of their customers. In Florida, gas is delivered to<br>the PGS distribution system through three interstate pipelines on which PGS has firm transportation capacity for delivery by<br>PGS to its customers. NMGC\u2019s natural gas is transported on major interstate pipelines and NMGC\u2019s intrastate transmission system<br>to customers.</p>\n<br><p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>In Florida, natural gas service is unbundled for non-residential customers and residential customers who use more than<br>1,999 therms annually and elect the option. In New Mexico, NMGC is required, if requested, to provide transportation-only<br>services for all customer classes. Because the commodity portion of bundled sales is included in operating revenues, at the<br>cost of the gas on a pass-through basis, there is no net earnings effect when a customer shifts to transportation-only sales.</p>\n<br><p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Regulated cost of natural gas increased $4 million to $80 million in Q4 2020, compared to $76 million in Q4 2019 due to higher<br>commodity costs at PGS and NMGC.</p>\n<br><p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>For the year ended December 31, 2020, regulated cost of natural gas decreased $43 million to $221 million in Q4 2020, compared<br>to $264 million in 2019. The decrease was due to lower commodity costs at PGS and NMGC in the first three quarters of the year,<br>lower system supply to customers and lower volume of off-system sales at PGS.</p>\n<footer id='55' style='font-size:14px'>EMERA 2020 ANNUAL REPORT</footer>\n<br><footer id='56' style='font-size:14px'>41</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1175804, "type": "text", "content": "# EXECUTIVE SUMMARY\n\n\nThe staff of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC or Commission) has \nprepared this final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) to fulfill the\nrequirements of the \nNational Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), under Title 40 Code of Federal\nRegulations (CFR) \nParts 1500-1508, and the Commission\u2019s regulations at 18 CFR Part 380. On\nNovember 6, 2018, \nMountain Valley Pipeline, LLC (Mountain Valley1), filed an application with\nthe FERC, under \nSection 7(c) of the Natural Gas Act (NGA) and Part 157 of the Commission\u2019s\nregulations, \nrequesting authorization to construct and operate certain interstate natural\ngas facilities in Virginia \nand North Carolina.\n\n\n \n\nThe FERC is the federal agency responsible for authorizing interstate natural\ngas \ntransmission facilities under the NGA, and is the lead federal agency for\npreparation of this EIS \nin compliance with the requirements of NEPA.2 The United States (U.S.) Army\nCorps of \nEngineers (COE) Norfolk and Wilmington Districts, and the U.S. Department of\nthe Interior Fish \nand Wildlife Service (FWS) Virginia and North Carolina Field Offices\nparticipated as cooperating \nagencies in preparation of the EIS. A cooperating agency has jurisdiction by\nlaw or has special \nexpertise with respect to environmental resource issues associated with a\nproject.3\n\n\n \n\n# PROPOSED ACTION\n\n\nThe Southgate Project (Southgate Project or Project) would involve the\nconstruction and \noperation of 75.1 miles of underground natural gas transmission pipeline\nsystem in Virginia and \nNorth Carolina. Mountain Valley also proposes to construct and operate a new\ncompressor station \n(Lambert Compressor Station) in Virginia; four new meter stations (referred to\nas interconnects); \nfour pig launchers and receivers at three locations; eight main line valves;\nand four cathodic \nprotection beds. Associated with construction of the proposed facilities would\nbe contractor yards, \nstaging areas, temporary extra workspaces, and access roads.\n\n\n \n\nIn general, as described by Mountain Valley, the purpose and need for the\nSouthgate \nProject is to meet the specific requests for natural gas transportation\nservice of its anchor shipper, \nDominion Energy North Carolina (DENC), formerly PSNC4, a local natural gas\ndistribution \ncompany. Mountain Valley states that the Project will provide additional firm\nnatural gas \ntransportation services for DENC to meet its growing supply needs via\ninterconnections with the \nunder construction Mountain Valley Pipeline Project in southern Virginia and\nthe interstate \npipeline of East Tennessee Natural Gas Transmission, LLC (East Tennessee) in\nNorth Carolina to \ntwo new delivery points on the DENC distribution system in Rockingham and\nAlamance Counties,\n\n\n1 Mountain Valley is a joint venture among affiliates of EQM Midstream\nPartners, LP; NextEra Energy Inc; \nAltaGas Ltd. and RGC Resources, Inc. MVP Southgate Project facilities would be\noperated by an affiliate of \nEQM Midstream Partners, LP. \n2 40 CFR Part 1501.5. \n3 40 CFR Part 1501.6. \n4 Following a January 2, 2019 merger, Dominion Energy, Inc. acquired PSNC and\nchanged the company \nname to Dominion Energy North Carolina.\n\n\nES-1\n\n\n \nExecutive Summary\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1175816, "type": "text", "content": "\uf0b7 one new compressor station (Lambert Compressor Station) totaling about\n28,915 \nInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) horsepower (hp) in\nPittsylvania \nCounty, Virginia; \n\uf0b7 four interconnects/meter stations or tie-ins with facilities operated by\nMountain Valley, \nEast Tennessee Natural Gas, LLC (East Tennessee), and Dominion Energy North \nCarolina (DENC), formerly PSNC4; and \n\uf0b7 ancillary facilities including pig5 launchers and receivers, mainline block\nvalves \n(MLV), and cathodic protection beds.\n\n\n \n\nThe Project would be designed to transport 375 million cubic feet per day\n[MMcf/d]) of \nnatural gas. The Project is described in more detail in section 2.0.\n\n\n \n\n# 1.1 PURPOSE AND NEED\n\n\n \n\nThe Council on Environmental Quality\u2019s (CEQ) regulations for implementing NEPA\nat 40 \nCFR 1502.13 recommends that an EIS should briefly address the underlying\npurpose and need for \na project. In general, as described by Mountain Valley, the purpose and need\nfor the Southgate \nProject is to meet the specific requests for natural gas transportation\nservice of its anchor shipper, \nDENC, a local natural gas distribution company. Mountain Valley states that\nthe Project will \nprovide additional firm natural gas transportation services for DENC to meet\nits growing supply \nneeds via interconnections with the under construction Mountain Valley\nPipeline project in \nsouthern Virginia and the interstate pipeline of East Tennessee in North\nCarolina to two new \ndelivery points on the DENC distribution system in Rockingham and Alamance\nCounties, North \nCarolina.\n\n\nThe Commission\u2019s role in reviewing the details of any project is to make a\ndetermination \nof public convenience and necessity. The Commission bases its decisions on\nfinancing, rates, \nmarket demand, gas supply, environmental impact, and other issues concerning a\nproposed project. \nThe Commission has developed a \u201cCertificate Policy Statement\u201d6 that\nestablished criteria for \ndetermining whether there is a need for a proposed project and whether the\nproposed project would \nserve the public interest. The Commission decision, in its Order, would review\nthe need for the \nProject.\n\n\n \n\nDuring the scoping comment period, the Commission received comments regarding\nthe \npotential for Mountain Valley to further expand the Project and eventually\nexport natural gas. We7 \ndo not have any information in the record to support this contention. Mountain\nValley states in its \napplication that it did not design its facilities to transport natural gas to\na liquefied natural gas \n(LNG) export terminal. The nearest LNG export terminal to the terminus of the\nProject would be \nthe existing Cove Point LNG terminal on the Chesapeake Bay in Calvert County,\nMaryland, about \n190 miles away. There is no direct connection from the Project terminus in\nAlamance County,\n\n\n4 \nFollowing a January 2, 2019 merger, Dominion Energy, Inc. acquired PSNC and\nchanged the company name to \nDominion Energy North Carolina. \n5 A \u201cpig\u201d is a device used to clean or inspect the interior of a pipeline. \n6 See Certification of New Interstate Natural Gas Pipeline Facilities, 88 FERC\n\u00b6 61,227 (1999), clarified in 90 \nFERC \u00b6 61,128, and further clarified in 92 \u00b6 61,094 (2000). \n7 \n\u201cWe,\u201d \u201cus,\u201d or \u201cour\u201d refers to the environmental staff in FERC\u2019s Office of\nEnergy Projects.\n\n\nIntroduction\n\n\n \n1-2\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1643734, "type": "text", "content": "# Third Quarter 2019 Earnings Conference Call \nNovember 7, 2019\n\n\nOur Natural Gas Distribution businesses are also performing well. Looking at\nslide 9, \nsince the beginning of this decade, CenterPoint Energy legacy gas utilities\nhave increased \ncustomers by nearly 10%, and invested over $5 billion dollars on\ninfrastructure. In addition, we \nadded over 1 million gas utility customers from the merger earlier this year.\nToday, as a \ncombined gas utility, our expected investment for 2019 is over $1 billion. We\nwork hard to \nprovide safe, reliable, value-added services fto our customers every day.\nAdditionally, we \nachieved the highest residential customer satisfaction ranking from J.D. Power\namong large \nsouthern region utilities and have kept rates low.\n\n\nFor Natural Gas Distribution, as shown on slide 10, since the last call, we\nhave received \napproval for an aggregate of $41 million of annualized revenue increases.\nSpecifically, we \nsettled the Ohio rate case, receiving a $23 million increase in the annual\nrevenue requirement. \nWe also received approval for our Distribution Replacement Rider filing in\nOhio and Formula \nRate Plan filing in Arkansas, resulting in annualized rate relief of $11\nmillion and $7 million, \nrespectively. Additionally, a Conservation Incentive Plan bonus of $11 million\nwas approved in \nMinnesota. Furthermore, we recently filed mechanisms in Indiana and Louisiana,\nas well as a \ngeneral rate case in Minnesota requesting a $62 million increase in the annual\nrevenue \nrequirement and $53 million for interim rates proposed to go into effect at\nthe beginning of \nnext year. Lastly, we anticipate filing a general rate case for our\nBeaumont/East Texas division \nlater this year.\n\n\n6 of 30\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	If Piedmont Natural Gas wanted to equalize its customer distribution across North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee, how many customers should be added or removed to achieve this?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 293, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["numerical reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 1231261, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='8' style='font-size:18px'>Read Book Rtfm Red Team<br>Field Manual</h1>\n<br><p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>You Can Too) 5 Reasons NOT to<br>become a Pentester Certifications To<br>Get Before OSCP<br>How to Start in Cyber Security, the<br>roadmap for winners Day in the Life<br>of a Cybersecurity Student Team Red<br>vs. Team Blue and how to get into<br>Cyber Security - with Brad Wolfenden<br>How to clone a security badge in<br>seconds Meet a 12-year-old hacker<br>and cyber security expert OSCP<br>Struggle Bus: OSCP Exam in Review!<br>OSCP SECOND ATTEMPT REVIEW!!<br>Best Cybersecurity Books in 2019 -<br>Comprehensive Guide from Beginner<br>to Advanced! eJPT/PTS REVIEW:<br>eLearnSecurity Junior Penetration<br>Tester<br>Cyber Security Fundamentals: What is<br>a Blue team?Coding Expectations for<br>Malware \\u0026 Pentesting Basic<br>Security Home Lab - with Charles<br>Page 3/13</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1231248, "type": "text", "content": "# Read Book Rtfm Red Team \nField Manual\n\n\n \n\nYou Can Too) 5 Reasons NOT to \nbecome a Pentester Certifications To \nGet Before OSCP \nHow to Start in Cyber Security, the \nroadmap for winners Day in the Life \nof a Cybersecurity Student Team Red \nvs. Team Blue and how to get into \nCyber Security - with Brad Wolfenden \nHow to clone a security badge in \nseconds Meet a 12-year-old hacker \nand cyber security expert OSCP \nStruggle Bus: OSCP Exam in Review! \nOSCP SECOND ATTEMPT REVIEW!! \nBest Cybersecurity Books in 2019 - \nComprehensive Guide from Beginner \nto Advanced! eJPT/PTS REVIEW: \neLearnSecurity Junior Penetration \nTester \nCyber Security Fundamentals: What is \na Blue team?Coding Expectations for \nMalware \\u0026 Pentesting Basic \nSecurity Home Lab - with Charles \nPage 3/13\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3627104, "type": "text", "content": "# The CERT C Secure Coding Standard\n\n\n \n\n# By Robert C. Seacord \nAddison-Wesley Professional, ISBN: 0321563212\n\n\nThis book is an essential desktop reference documenting the \ufb01rst of\ufb01cial \nrelease of The CERT C Secure Coding Standard. The standard itemizes those \ncoding errors that are the root causes of software vulnerabilities in C and \nprioritizes them by severity, likelihood of exploitation, and remediation\ncosts. \nEach guideline provides examples of insecure code as well as secure, \nalternative implementations. If uniformly applied, these guidelines will\neliminate \nthe critical coding errors that lead to buffer over\ufb02ows, format string \nvulnerabilities, integer over\ufb02ow, and other common software vulnerabilities.\n\n\nCISO Soft Skills: Securing Organizations Impaired by Employee Politics, \nApathy, and Intolerant Perspectives\n\n\n \n\nBy Ron Collette, Michael Gentile, Skye Gentile \nAuerbach Publications, ISBN: 1420089102\n\n\n \n\nThis book presents tools that empower organizations to identify those\nintangible \nnegative in\ufb02uences on security that plague most organizations, and provides \nfurther techniques for security professionals to identify, minimize, and\novercome \nthese pitfalls within their own customized situations. The book also discusses \nsome proactive techniques that CISOs can utilize in order to effectively\nsecure \nchallenging work environments. Re\ufb02ecting the experience and solutions of those \nthat are in the trenches of modern organizations, this volume provides\npractical \nideas that can make a difference in the daily lives of security practitioners.\n\n\n# Cyber Crime Fighters: Tales from the Trenches\n\n\n \n\n# By Felicia Donovan, Kristyn Bernier \nQue, ISBN: 0789739224\n\n\n \n\nWritten by cyber crime investigators, the book takes you behind the scenes to \nreveal the truth behind Internet crime, telling shocking stories that aren!t\ncovered \nby the media, and showing you exactly how to protect yourself and your\nchildren. \nThis is the Internet crime wave as it really looks to law enforcement\ninsiders: the \ntruth about crime on social networks and YouTube, cyber stalking and criminal \ncyber bullying, online child predators, identity theft, even the latest cell\nphone \ncrimes. Here are actual cases and actual criminals, presented by investigators \nwho have been recognized by the FBI and the N.H. Department of Justice.\n\n\nChained Exploits: Advanced Hacking Attacks from Start to Finish\n\n\n \n\nBy Andrew Whitaker, Keatron Evans, Jack B. Voth \nAddison-Wesley Professional, ISBN: 032149881X\n\n\n \n\nChained Exploits demonstrates this advanced hacking attack technique through \ndetailed examples that re\ufb02ect real-world attack strategies, use today's most \ncommon attack tools, and focus on actual high-value targets, including credit \ncard and healthcare data.\n\n\nRelentlessly thorough and realistic, this book covers the full spectrum of\nattack \navenues, from wireless networks to physical access and social engineering.\n\n\nwww.insecuremag.com\n\n\n \n38\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 837903, "type": "text", "content": "understanding of final report recommendations Deliver insightful comments on\ndraft reports The book includes charts, checklists, and sample reports to help\nyou speed up the data gathering, analysis, and document development process.\nWalking you through the process of conducting an effective security\nassessment, it provides the tools and up-to-date understanding you need to\nselect the security measures best suited to your organization.\n\n\neducational policy, the editors of this edition include new chapters on\nassessing noncognitive skills, measuring growth and learning progressions,\nautomated item generation and test assembly, and computerized scoring of\nconstructed responses. The volume also includes expanded coverage of\nperformance testing, validity, fairness, and numerous other topics. Edited by\nSuzanne Lane, Mark R. Raymond, and Thomas M. Haladyna, The Handbook of Test\nDevelopment, 2nd edition, is based on the revised Standards for Educational\nand Psychological Testing, and is appropriate for graduate courses and\nseminars that deal with test development and usage, professional testing\n\n\n \n\nThe second edition of the Handbook of Test Development provides graduate\nstudents and professionals with an up-to-date, research-oriented guide to the\nlatest developments in the field. Including thirty-two chapters by well-known\nscholars and practitioners, it is divided into five sections, covering the\nfoundations of test development, content definition, item development, test\ndesign and form assembly, and the processes of test documentation, and\nevaluation. Keenly aware of developments in the field since the publication of\nthe first edition, including changes in technology, the evolution of\npsychometric theory, and the increased demands for effective tests via\n\n\nPresents information on how to analyze risks to your networks and the steps\nneeded to select and deploy the appropriate countermeasures to reduce your\nexposure to physical and network threats. Also imparts the skills and\nknowledge needed to identify and counter some fundamental security risks and\nrequirements, including Internet security threats and measures (audit trails\nIP sniffing/spoofing etc.) and how to implement security policies and\nprocedures. In addition, this book covers security and network design with\nrespect to particular vulnerabilities and threats. It also covers risk\nassessment and mitigation and auditing and testing of security systems as well\nas application\n\n\n \n\nservices and credentialing agencies, state and local boards of education, and\nacademic libraries serving these groups.\n\n\nPresents methods of analysis and problem-solving techniques, enhancing the\nreader's grasp of the material and ability to implement practical solutions\n\n\n \n\nHandbook of Hospital Security and Safety\n\n\n \n\nstandards and technologies required to build secure VPNs, configure client\nsoftware and server operating systems, IPsec-enabled routers, firewalls and\nSSL clients. This comprehensive book will provide essential knowledge and\nskills needed to select, design and deploy a public key infrastructure (PKI)\nto secure existing and future applications. * Chapters contributed by leaders\nin the field cover theory and practice of computer security technology,\nallowing the reader to develop a new level of technical expertise \nComprehensive and up-to-date coverage of security issues facilitates learning\nand allows the reader to remain current and fully informed from multiple\nviewpoints \n\n\nHandbook of Research on Secure Multimedia Distribution\n\n\n \n\nData Security Handbook\n\n\n \n\nInformation Security Management Handbook\n\n\nCredentialing Policies and Practice\n\n\n \n\nTesting in the Professions\n\n\nHow to Study and Teaching How to Study\n\n\n \n\nInformation Security Handbook\n\n\n \n\nHandbook of Information Security, Key Concepts, Infrastructure, Standards, and\nProtocols\n\n\nWhether it's software, a cell phone, or a refrigerator, your customer wants -\nno, expects - your product to be easy to use. This fully revised handbook\nprovides clear, step-by-step guidelines to help you test your product for\nusability. Completely updated with current industry best practices, it can\ngive you that all-important marketplace advantage: products that perform the\nway users expect. You'll learn to recognize factors that limit usability,\ndecide where testing should occur,\n\n\nConsidered the gold-standard reference on information security, the\nInformation Security Management Handbook provides an authoritative compilation\nof the fundamental knowledge, skills, techniques, and tools required of\ntoday's IT security professional. Now in its sixth edition, this 3200 page, 4\nvolume stand-alone reference is organized under the CISSP Common Body of\nKnowledge domains and has been updated yearly. Each annual update, the latest\nis Volume 6, reflects\n\n\n \n\nset up a test plan to assess goals for your product's usability, and more.\n\n\n \n\nAn Introduction to Computer Security\n\n\nthe changes to the CBK in response to new laws and evolving technology.\n\n\n \n\nThis is the most comprehensive book on computer security on themarket, with 23\nchapters and 29 Appendices covering virtually allaspects of computer security.\nChapters are contributed by recognized experts in theindustry. This title has\ncome to be known as \"Big Blue\" in industrycircles and has a reputation for\nbeing the reference for computersecurity issues.\n\n\n \n\nIn the past decade the security industry has had difficulty keeping up with\ntechnological advances and security needs. The Handbook of Physical Security\nSystem Testing is the authoritative and definitive book on every phase of test\nplanning and execution. The book defines the best practices that apply from\nstart to finish and contains test planning and management checklists, test\ndocumentation templates, and example test plan material. This handbook\nexplains the roles of\n\n\n \n\ntesting, shows its many significant benefits, and establishes a baseline of\nbest practices for physical security testing to empower vendors and customers\nto achieve better security system results for less time and money.\n\n\n \n\nThe Information Security Management Handbook continues its tradition of\nconsistently communicating the fundamental concepts of security needed to be a\ntrue CISSP. In response to new developments, Volume 4 supplements the previous\nvolumes with new information covering topics such as wireless, HIPAA, the\nlatest hacker attacks and defenses, intrusion detection, and provides expanded\ncoverage on security management issues and applications security. Even those\nthat\n\n\n \n\ndon't plan on sitting for the CISSP exam will find that this handbook is a\ngreat information security reference. The changes in the technology of\ninformation security and the increasing threats to security make a complete\nand up-to-date understanding of this material essential. Volume 4 supplements\nthe information in the earlier volumes of this handbook, updating it and\nkeeping it current. Organized by the ten domains of the Common Body of\nKnowledge (CBK) on which the\n\n\n \n\nCISSP exam is based, this volume gives you the information you need to\nunderstand what makes information secure and how to secure it. Because\nknowledge required to master information security - the CBK - is growing so\nquickly, there is little duplication of material among the four volumes. As a\nstudy guide or resource that you can use on the job, the Information Security\nManagement Handbook, Fourth Edition, Volume 4 is the book you will refer to\nover and over again.\n\n\n \n\nThe InfoSec Handbook offers the reader an organized layout of information that\nis easily read and understood. Allowing beginners to enter the field and\nunderstand the key concepts and ideas, while still keeping the experienced\nreaders updated on topics and concepts. It is intended mainly for beginners to\nthe field of information security, written in a way that makes it easy for\nthem to understand the detailed content of the book. The book offers a\npractical and simple view of\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 152156, "type": "text", "content": "# Online Library Hacking The \nNo Nonsense Learn Ethical\n\n\n \n\nHacking Within 12 Hours \nCyber Security Book Recommendations \nHow easy is it to capture data on public \nfree Wi-Fi? - Gary explains Add These \nCybersecurity Books to Your Reading List \n\| Story Books \nWhat You Should Learn Before \nCybersecurityMeet a 12-year-old hacker \nand cyber security expert 5-Minute Crafts \nPage 7/35\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 152155, "type": "text", "content": "# Online Library Hacking The \nNo Nonsense Learn Ethical\n\n\n \n\nHacking Within 12 Hours Are \n6 BAD Painting Hacks. These Tips \nNONSENSE! STOP WASTING YOUR \nTIME AND LEARN MORE \nHACKING! DO NOT design your \nnetwork like this!! // FREE CCNA // EP \n6 10 Greatest Hackers Of All Time \nHacking Expert Saket Modi Hacks Phone \nof a Girl Sitting in the Audience My Top 5 \nPage 6/35\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 152154, "type": "text", "content": "# Online Library Hacking The \nNo Nonsense Learn Ethical\n\n\n \n\nHacking Within 12 YOUR Hours \nHACKS TO \nSOLVE ALL \nPROBLEMS Best Books To Learn Ethical \nHacking For Beginners \| Learn Ethical \nHacking 2020 \| Simplilearn \nHow I Learn New Things Is Growth \nHacking nonsense? [Growth Hacking \nExplained] \nTop 5 Best Hacking Books [Easy Tutorial] \nPage 5/35\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3069537, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>DAILY SCHEDULE</p>\n<br><h1 id='7' style='font-size:20px'>2018 COMMUNITY COLLEGE CYBER SUMMIT</h1>\n<h1 id='8' style='font-size:18px'>FRIDAY \u2022 AUGUST 3</h1>\n<br><p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>AFTERNOON CONCURRENT SESSIONS 3 (cont.)</p>\n<br><table id='10' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>TIME</td><td>DESCRIPTION</td><td>LOCATION</td></tr><tr><td>2:40pm - 3:40pm</td><td>FRIDAY AFTERNOON CONCURRENT PRESENTATIONS 3A (cont.)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>ABET Accreditation for Community College Cybersecurity Programs Session ID: P3A-4 \u2022 Track/Format: Track 2/Roundtable Discussion Presenters: Allen Parrish [Lead], Larry Jones, Rajendra Raj, Casey O\u2019Brien, Beth Hawthorne Description: ABET is the leading accrediting agency for engineering, computing and technology programs in the United States. ABET has recently developed cybersecurity accreditation for four-year programs, and is seeking to expand this program to two- year colleges. This round table will consist of community college cybersecurity program representatives and representatives from ABET. This is an opportunity for community college programs to provide feedback to ABET as it seeks to extend cybersecurity accreditation to community colleges.</td><td>Room 1005</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>P reparing for National Cybersecurity Career Awareness Week: Resources to Promote and Celebrate the 2018 NCCAW Campaign Session ID: P3A-5 \u2022 Track/Format: Track 2/Paper Presenters: Davina Pruitt-Mentle Description: National Cybersecurity Career Awareness Week (NCCAW) is a national celebration that focuses on increasing awareness about careers in cybersecurity. NCCAW offers leaders in business, government, education, and other critical partners a chance to express their support for the cybersecurity workforce. NCCAW also gives partners the opportunity to showcase their programs, facilities and resources in their community. Weekly events highlight the benefits of building a national cybersecurity workforce in enhancing America\u2019s security and economic prosperity. Attendees will learn about last year\u2019s inaugural event, what\u2019s in store for this year, and walk away with resources, examples and suggestions of how to participate and make a difference.</td><td>Room 1001</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Building a Cybersecurity Program - Where Do I Begin? Session ID: P3A-6 \u2022 Track/Format: Track 3/Paper Presenters: Joe Roundy Description: There are reportedly over 200K \u201ccybersecurity\u201d jobs available in the US today, with 1.8 million projected out to 2022. There is no question the demand for technical workers in the Cybersecurity space is high. There are a multitude of Bachelor and Masters Cyberscurity programs, yet we hear many students and employers telling us that students with those degrees are not getting hired. Why is that? In addition to a shortage of properly trained workers, there is a shortage of capable instructors willing to deliver the technical content. The cost of technology is one of the many hurdles to developing and delivering a quality technical program, but It may not be as costly as you think. Open source tools are low or no cost, and \u201ccloud\u201d solutions are popping up seemingly every week.</td><td>Room 2653</td></tr></table>\n<footer id='11' style='font-size:16px'>42</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3295687, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='27' style='font-size:14px'>Required Reading and Textbook(s):<br>Required:</h1>\n<br><p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Principles of Information Security, 6th Edition<br>Author: Michael E. Whitman, Herbert J. Mattord<br>Publisher: Cengage<br>Edition: 6th<br>ISBN: 978-1-3371-0206-3</p>\n<h1 id='29' style='font-size:14px'>Note: An electronic version of the books may be available.</h1>\n<p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>N ote: A student of this institution is not under any obligation to purchase a textbook from a<br>university-affiliated bookstore. The same textbook may also be available from an independent<br>retailer, including an online retailer.</p>\n<h1 id='31' style='font-size:14px'>S upplemental Material:</h1>\n<br><p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The course textbook will be supplemented with other materials including lecture notes,<br>handouts, oral presentations, industry articles, research paper readings, case studies, Power<br>Point presentations etc.</p>\n<h1 id='33' style='font-size:14px'>R equired Reading:</h1>\n<br><p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The student is expected to read and review all material presented in the assigned chapter prior<br>to class.</p>\n<footer id='35' style='font-size:14px'>4</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3036851, "type": "html", "content": "<br><p id='73' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Privacy impact assessments (but not the EU GDPR Data Protection Impact Assessments) are standardised by ISO/IEC 29134.</p>\n<h1 id='74' style='font-size:20px'>Reading list</h1>\n<p id='75' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>This is a list of useful documents that will enhance your understanding of the course material. The reading list is session-by-session. \u201cPrimary\u201d material<br>means something you would be expected to read if you are serious about the course, and may help you to do the weekly exercise; \u201cAdditional\u201d material<br>you may want to read if you would like to deepen your understanding on a specific area.</p>\n<p id='76' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Note: There are further pointers in the week 6 weekly exercise background material.</p>\n<h1 id='77' style='font-size:16px'>Primary material</h1>\n<br><p id='78' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>Have a look at NCSC-FI (ex-CERT-FI) vulnerability coordination policy . This explains how they run the coordinated vulnerability process.<br>A 2013 study on Mozilla Foundation and Google bug bounty programs, Finifter et al.: An Empirical Study of Vulnerability Rewards Programs . This<br>is where some of the quoted numbers in the lecture notes came from.</p>\n<h1 id='79' style='font-size:16px'>Additional material</h1>\n<p id='80' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>The best book I know on the economics of information goods is Carl Shapiro and Hal R. Varian: Information Rules. If you want to read more<br>about the effects and valuation of information assets, this is a very useful kickstart into that side of economics. It might even help you if you\u2019re<br>planning to start a company.<br>Jari R\u00e5man: Regulating Secure Software Development, 2006. A doctoral thesis looking at the law and economics side of software insecurity. It<br>happens to be available from the University of Helsinki library, and if you are interested in product liability side and economics of software<br>security, it makes interesting reading.<br>Christopher Millard: Cloud Computing Law has a good section III: Protection of personal data in the clouds. If you are interested in the problem<br>field of cloud services and privacy, this is a fairly recent (2013) take on the subject. Note, however, that once the EU data protection regulation is<br>passed, parts of this book can get old pretty fast.<br>Graham Greenleaf: Asian Data Privacy Laws: Trade and Human Rights Perspectives. Most privacy-related writing is about the EU and US<br>legislation, and there is very little material available on China (and other large Asian economies). The section 7 of this book covers Chinese<br>legislation in more detail that I\u2019ve seen anywhere else.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	If a new cybersecurity student wants to spend three weekends exclusively on recommended reading, assuming each weekend they read one book, how many weekends will they need if they want to cover all the books listed in the document?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 298, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["numerical reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 1163621, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='140' style='font-size:14px'>Imperial College London Grantham Institute</header>\n<h1 id='141' style='font-size:18px'>Acknowledgements</h1>\n<p id='142' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The authors would like to thank Ewan Bennie (DECC),<br>Adam Corner (Climate Outreach) and Paul Lussier (Yale)<br>for reviewing the paper, and Alyssa Gilbert for her<br>support and assistance with editing and shaping the<br>paper. A number of people gave up their valuable time<br>to be interviewed and provided extremely useful insights<br>during the research phase for this paper, to whom the<br>authors are extremely grateful.</p>\n<h1 id='143' style='font-size:18px'>About the authors</h1>\n<p id='144' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Simon Bushell is an active alumnus of the MSc in<br>Sustainable Energy Futures course at Energy Futures<br>Lab, Imperial College London, and founder of Sympower,<br>a startup in the smart energy space. He is developing a<br>research expertise around climate change communication \u2013<br>specifically around the role of strategic narratives \u2013 working<br>with specialists at Kings College London, Yale and Harvard<br>University. He has a BA and MSci in Natural Sciences from<br>the University of Cambridge.</p>\n<p id='145' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Dr Mark Workman is an analyst at the Energy Research<br>Partnership and an Affiliate at the Grantham Institute,<br>Imperial College London.</p>\n<p id='146' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>He has undertaken military operational tours and extreme<br>and high risk expeditions all over the world, and worked<br>in West Africa and emerging Asia running a business unit<br>of a global medical services and security company. He is<br>developing an expertise in energy systems, innovation,<br>resource constraints, climate change, environmental<br>security and conflict.</p>\n<p id='147' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Thomas Colley is a doctoral researcher in the Department of<br>War Studies at King\u2019s College London. His primary research<br>interests include propaganda, strategic communication and<br>public attitudes to war, but he also conducts research on<br>narratives of climate change.</p>\n<br><h1 id='148' style='font-size:18px'>About the Grantham Institute</h1>\n<p id='149' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The Grantham Institute is committed to driving research<br>on climate change and the environment, and translating<br>it into real world impact. Established in February 2007<br>with a \u00a312.8 million donation over ten years from the<br>Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment,<br>the Institute\u2019s researchers are developing both the<br>fundamental scientific understanding of climate and<br>environmental change, and the mitigation and adaptation<br>responses to it. The research, policy and outreach work<br>that the Institute carries out is based on, and backed up by,<br>the worldleading research by academic staff at Imperial.</p>\n<h1 id='150' style='font-size:14px'>www.imperial.ac.uk/grantham</h1>\n<h1 id='151' style='font-size:18px'>About Imperial College London</h1>\n<p id='152' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Consistently rated amongst the world\u2019s best universities,<br>Imperial College London is a science-based institution with<br>a reputation for excellence in teaching and research that<br>attracts 13,000 students and 6,000 staff of the highest<br>international quality.</p>\n<p id='153' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Innovative research at the College explores the<br>interface between science, medicine, engineering and<br>business, delivering practical solutions that improve<br>quality of life and the environment\u2014underpinned by a<br>dynamic enterprise culture. Since its foundation in 1907,<br>Imperial\u2019s contributions to society have included the<br>discovery of penicillin, the development of holography<br>and the foundations of fibre optics.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2600298, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='144' style='font-size:16px'>Sincerely,</h1>\n<br><p id='145' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Institutional affiliations are listed as provided by signers for identification purposes only, and do not imply<br>endorsement of the letter by those institutions.<br>Brenda Ekwurzel, PhD<br>Senior Climate Scientist, Director of Climate Science<br>Union of Concerned Scientists<br>Co-Author, Fourth National Climate Assessment Volume II; AAAS Fellow<br>Michael E. Mann, PhD<br>Distinguished Professor of Atmosphere Science<br>Pennsylvania State University<br>Lead Author, IPCC Third Assessment Report; AAAS Fellow; NAS Member<br>Joel Clement, MSc<br>Senior Fellow<br>Harvard Kennedy School<br>Senior Fellow, Union of Concerned Scientists<br>Benjamin D. Santer, PhD<br>Climatologist and Atmospheric Scientist<br>John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Fellowship; Member, US National Academy of Sciences; Recipient of the Procter Prize;<br>Convening Lead Author, Chapter 8, IPCC Second Assessment Report<br>Lauren Edwards, MSc<br>Executive Director, 500 Women Scientists<br>Director, Fellowship for the Future<br>T. Jane Zelikova, PhD<br>Research Scientist, University of Wyoming<br>Co-founder, 500 Women Scientists<br>AAAS Fellow<br>Peter Frumhoff, PhD<br>Director of Science and Policy, Chief Climate Scientist<br>Union of Concerned Scientists<br>Lead Author, IPCC Fourth Assessment Report;<br>Anne R. Kapuscinski, PhD<br>Director, Coastal Science and Policy Program<br>Professor of Environmental Studies<br>University of California, Santa Cruz<br>Chair, Board of Directors, Union of Concerned Scientists; Pew Fellow in Marine Conservation; Winner, Ocean Awards 2019:<br>Innovation<br>Paul R. Ehrlich, PhD<br>President, Center for Conservation Biology<br>Bing Professor Emeritus of Population Studies<br>Stanford University<br>Cafoord Laureate; NAS Member; Royal Society Fellow<br>Thomas Kailath, PhD<br>Hitachi America Professor of Engineering, Emeritus<br>Stanford University<br>National Medal of Science Recipient; IEEE Medal of Honor Recipient; Member, National Academy of Sciences; Member, National<br>Academy of Engineering<br>David H. Michaels, PhD, MPH<br>Professor of Environmental and Occupational Health and Epidemology<br>George Washington University School of Public Health<br>Former Assistant Secretary of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration Recipient, AAAS Scientific Freedom and<br>Responsibility Award; Recipient, APHA David P. Rall Award for Advocacy in Public Health<br>Tom Lubensky, PhD<br>Christopher H. Browne Distinguished Professor of Physics<br>University of Pennsylvania<br>Member, National Academy of Sciences; Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences; Recipient, Oliver E. Buckley Prize of<br>the American Physical Society<br>View a complete list of all signers here: https://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/2021-04/scientist-biden-<br>letter.pdf.\"</p>\n<br><p id='146' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>For more information visit: www.ucsusa.org.</p>\n<br><footer id='147' style='font-size:20px'>19</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 172839, "type": "text", "content": "# Read Free Adaption \nInnovation In The Context\n\n\n \n\nOf Change of Nutritional Ketosis \nAnd Diversity \nBasic Science \n\\u0026 Keto-Adaptation The Wizard of \n1st First Edition \nOz - What's the Difference? The \nShining - There are no Ghosts in \nStanley Kubrick's film Bjorn Lomborg's \nFalse Alarm, the book the New York \nTimes doesn't want you to read 21st \nCentury Design Context Adaptation \nPage 6/33\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 591123, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='15' style='font-size:18px'>List of Participants</h1>\n<h1 id='16' style='font-size:14px'>E conomists:</h1>\n<br><p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Julius Andersson, LSE<br>Ed Barbier, Colorado State<br>Simon Black, World Bank<br>Carolyn Fischer, VU-Amsterdam/RFF<br>Ken Gillingham, Yale<br>Marc Hafstead, RFF<br>Stephane Hallegatte, World Bank<br>Noah Kaufman, Columbia<br>Andrew Leach, Calgary<br>Adele Morris, Brookings<br>Gernot Wagner, NYU</p>\n<h1 id='18' style='font-size:14px'>Political Scientists:</h1>\n<br><p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Micha\u00ebl Aklin, University of Pittsburgh<br>Sydney Bartone, UCSB<br>Liam Beiser-McGrath, ETH Zurich<br>Santiago Cunial, UPenn<br>Jessica Green, University of Toronto<br>Kathryn Harrison, UBC<br>Alex Hertel-Fernandez, Columbia<br>Jared Finnegan, Princeton<br>Matto Mildenberger, UCSB<br>Jonas Meckling, Berkeley<br>Barry Rabe, University of Michigan</p>\n<br><footer id='20' style='font-size:14px'>33</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 172842, "type": "text", "content": "# Read Free Adaption \nInnovation In The Context\n\n\n \n\n# And Diversity [FULL \nOf Change Michael \nMasterclass - \nHauge\n\n\n \n\n# INTERVIEW] Edition \n1st First\n\n\n \n\nNina Teicholz - Vegetable Oils: The \nUntold Story and the US Dietary \nGuidelinesDr. Stephen Phinney on \nNutritional Ketosis and Ketogenic \nDiets (Part 1) Systems Change: \nContext The TOP 5 Value Stocks To \nPage 9/33\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 172841, "type": "text", "content": "# Read Free Adaption \nInnovation In The Context\n\n\n \n\nOf Change And for the climate \nDiversity \nConnect \\\"I apologize \nscare\\\" \| Michael Shellenberger \n1st First Edition \ninterviewed by Alex Epstein Should A \nScreenwriter Outline Their \nScreenplay? by Adam Skelter Alex \nEpstein interviews Naomi Seibt on her \nfight against the German government \nScreenwriting Plot Structure \nPage 8/33\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 172840, "type": "text", "content": "# Read Free Adaption \nInnovation In The Context\n\n\n \n\nOf Change And Diversity Screenwriters \n3 What \nInnovation ASQ \nGet Wrong About Outlines - Alan Watt \n1st First Edition \n[Founder of L.A. Writers' Lab] Dr. \nStephen Phinney on Problem Solving \na Ketogenic Diet (Part 3) ????? \n??????? ?????? ???? \|\| Aditi Munshi \nNew kirtan Full Video Song Creative \nThinking: How to Increase the Dots to \nPage 7/33\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 313792, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='0' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>CLIMATE CHANGE : SCIENCE AND SOLUTIONS \| CONTRIBUTORS</p>\n<br><h1 id='1' style='font-size:22px'>Contributors to climate change:</h1>\n<br><h1 id='2' style='font-size:22px'>science and solutions briefing series</h1>\n<h1 id='3' style='font-size:20px'>Briefing 1 \| Next generation climate models:<br>building strong foundations for climate action</h1>\n<table id='4' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td>Contributors</td></tr><tr><td>Dame Julia Slingo DBE FRS, University of Bristol, UK (lead)</td></tr><tr><td>Dr Peter Bauer, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, UK</td></tr><tr><td>Professor Sandrine Bony, CNRS Laboratoire de M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie Dynamique, France</td></tr><tr><td>Dr Gregory Flato, Environment Canada, Canada</td></tr><tr><td>Professor Gabi Hegerl FRS, University of Edinburgh, UK</td></tr><tr><td>Professor Jens Hesselbjerg Christensen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark</td></tr><tr><td>Professor James Hurrell, Colorado State University, USA</td></tr><tr><td>Professor Christian Jakob, Monash University, Australia</td></tr><tr><td>Dr Vladimir Kattsov, Voeikov Main Geophysical Observatory, Russia</td></tr><tr><td>Professor Masahide Kimoto, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan</td></tr><tr><td>Professor Jochem Marotzke, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Germany</td></tr><tr><td>Dr Raghavan Krishnan, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, India</td></tr><tr><td>Professor Ted Shepherd FRS, University of Reading, UK</td></tr><tr><td>Professor Graeme Stephens FRS, California Institute of Technology, USA</td></tr><tr><td>Professor Bjorn Stevens, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Germany</td></tr><tr><td>Professor Thomas Stocker, University of Bern, Switzerland</td></tr><tr><td>Professor Rowan Sutton, University of Reading, UK</td></tr><tr><td>Professor Tianjun Zhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China</td></tr><tr><td>Peer reviewers</td></tr><tr><td>Professor Jason Smerdon, Columbia University, USA</td></tr><tr><td>Professor Inez Fung ForMemRS, University of California Berkeley, USA</td></tr></table>\n<footer id='5' style='font-size:14px'>CLIMATE CHANGE CONTRIBUTORS</footer>\n<br><footer id='6' style='font-size:14px'>1</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2291415, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='138' style='font-size:18px'>S C I E N C E A D V A N C E S \| R E S E A R C H A R T I C L E</header>\n<p id='139' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>9. C. Parmesan, T. L. Root, M. R. Willig, Impacts of extreme weather and climate on terrestrial<br>biota. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 81, 443\u2013450 (2000).<br>10. IPCC, Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change<br>Adaptation (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2012).<br>11. M. A. White, N. S. Diffenbaugh, G. V. Jones, J. S. Pal, F. Giorgi, Extreme heat reduces<br>and shifts United States premium wine production in the 21st century. Proc. Natl.<br>Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103, 11217\u201311222 (2006).<br>12. D. S. Battisti, R. L. Naylor, Historical warnings of future food insecurity with<br>unprecedented seasonal heat. Science 323, 240\u2013244 (2009).<br>13. IPCC, Summary for policymakers, in Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and<br>Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the<br>Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, C. B. Field,<br>V. R. Barros, D. J. Dokken, K. J. Mach, M. D. Mastrandrea, T. E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee,<br>K. L. Ebi, Y. O. Estrada, R. C. Genova, B. Girma, E. S. Kissel, A. N. Levy, S. MacCracken,<br>P. R. Mastrandrea, L. L. White, Eds. (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2014), pp. 1\u201332.<br>14. N. S. Diffenbaugh, M. A. White, G. V. Jones, M. Ashfaq, Climate adaptation wedges: A case<br>study of premium wine in the western United States. Environ. Res. Lett. 6, 024024 (2011).<br>15. N. S. Diffenbaugh, T. W. Hertel, M. Scherer, M. Verma, Response of corn markets to climate<br>volatility under alternative energy futures. Nat. Clim. Change 2, 514\u2013518 (2012).<br>16. N. S. Diffenbaugh, D. L. Swain, D. Touma, Anthropogenic warming has increased drought<br>risk in California. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 112, 3931\u20133936 (2015).<br>17. R. M. Horton, J. S. Mankin, C. Lesk, E. Coffel, C. Raymond, A review of recent advances in<br>research on extreme heat events. Curr. Clim. Chang. Rep. 2, 242\u2013259 (2016).<br>18. D. Singh, M. Tsiang, B. Rajaratnam, N. S. Diffenbaugh, Precipitation extremes over the<br>continental United States in a transient, high\u2010resolution, ensemble climate model<br>experiment. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 118, 7063\u20137086 (2013).<br>19. S. I. Seneviratne, M. G. Donat, A. J. Pitman, R. Knutti, R. L. Wilby, Allowable CO2 emissions<br>based on regional and impact-related climate targets. Nature 529, 477\u2013483 (2016).<br>20. A. Ciavarella, P. Stott, J. Lowe, Early benefits of mitigation in risk of regional climate<br>extremes. Nat. Clim. Change 7, 326\u2013330 (2017).<br>21. N. S. Diffenbaugh, A. Charland, Probability of emergence of novel temperature regimes at<br>different levels of cumulative carbon emissions. Front. Ecol. Environ. 14, 418\u2013423 (2016).<br>22. N. S. Diffenbaugh, D. Singh, J. S. Mankin, D. E. Horton, D. L. Swain, D. Touma, A. Charland,<br>Y. Liu, M. Haugen, M. Tsiang, B. Rajaratnam, Quantifying the influence of global<br>warming on unprecedented extreme climate events. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 114,<br>4881\u20134886 (2017).<br>23. W. K. Huang, M. L. Stein, D. J. McInerney, E. J. Moyer, Estimating changes in temperature<br>extremes from millennial scale climate simulations using generalized extreme value<br>(GEV) distributions. Adv. Stat. Climatol. Meteorol. Oceanogr. 2, 79\u2013103 (2016).<br>24. B. M. Sanderson, B. C. O\u2019Neill, C. Tebaldi, What would it take to achieve the Paris<br>temperature targets? Geophys. Res. Lett. 43, 7133\u20137142 (2016).<br>25. E. Hawkins, R. Sutton, The potential to narrow uncertainty in regional climate predictions.<br>Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 90, 1095\u20131107 (2009).<br>26. C. Deser, R. Knutti, S. Solomon, A. S. Phillips, Communication of the role of natural<br>variability in future North American climate. Nat. Clim. Change 2, 775\u2013779 (2012).<br>27. J. S. Mankin, N. S. Diffenbaugh, Influence of temperature and precipitation variability on<br>near-term snow trends. Clim. Dyn. 45, 1099\u20131116 (2015).<br>28. J. Rogelj, M. den Elzen, N. H\u00f6hne, T. Fransen, H. Fekete, H. Winkler, R. Schaeffer, F. Sha,<br>K. Riahi, M. Meinshausen, Paris Agreement climate proposals need a boost to keep<br>warming well below 2\u00b0C. Nature 534, 631\u2013639 (2016).<br>29. J. Sillmann, V. V. Kharin, F. W. Zwiers, X. Zhang, D. Bronaugh, Climate extremes<br>indices in the CMIP5 multimodel ensemble: Part 2. Future climate projections.<br>J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 118, 2473\u20132493 (2013).<br>30. E. M. Fischer, R. Knutti, Anthropogenic contribution to global occurrence of<br>heavy-precipitation and high-temperature extremes. Nat. Clim. Change 5, 560\u2013564 (2015).<br>31. M. Collins, R. Knutti, J. Arblaster, J.-L. Dufresne, T. Fichefet, P. Friedlingstein, X. Gao,<br>W. J. Gutowski, T. Johns, G. Krinner, M. Shongwe, C. Tebaldi, A. J. Weaver, M. Wehner,<br>Long-term climate change: Projections, commitments and irreversibility, in Climate<br>Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth<br>Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, T. F. Stocker,<br>D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex,<br>P. M. Midgley, Eds. (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2013).</p>\n<br><p id='140' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>32. J. Sillmann, V. V. Kharin, X. Zhang, F. W. Zwiers, D. Bronaugh, Climate extremes indices in<br>the CMIP5 multimodel ensemble: Part 1. Model evaluation in the present climate.<br>J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 118, 1716\u20131733 (2013).</p>\n<p id='141' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>of</p>\n<p id='142' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>I</p>\n<br><p id='143' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>33. N. S. Diffenbaugh, D. A. Stone, P. Thorne, F. Giorgi, B. C. Hewitson, R. G. Jones,<br>G. J. van Oldenborgh, Cross-chapter box on the regional climate summary figures,<br>in Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and<br>Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the<br>Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, C. B. Field, V. R. Barros, D. J. Dokken,<br>K. J. Mach, M. D. Mastrandrea, T. E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K. L. Ebi, Y. O. Estrada, R. C. Genova,<br>B. Girma, E. S. Kissel, A. N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P. R. Mastrandrea, L. L. White, Eds.<br>(Cambridge Univ. Press, 2014), pp. 137\u2013141.<br>34. N. S. Diffenbaugh, M. Scherer, Observational and model evidence of global emergence<br>permanent, unprecedented heat in the 20th and 21st centuries. Clim. Change 107,<br>615\u2013624 (2011).<br>35. I. Mahlstein, R. Knutti, S. Solomon, R. W. Portmann, Early onset of significant local<br>warming in low latitude countries. Environ. Res. Lett. 6, 034009 (2011).<br>36. N. P. Gillett, V. K. Arora, K. Zickfeld, S. J. Marshall, W. J. Merryfield, Ongoing climate change<br>following a complete cessation of carbon dioxide emissions. Nat. Geosci. 4, 83\u201387<br>(2011).<br>37. M. Ashfaq, C. B. Skinner, N. S. Diffenbaugh, Influence of SST biases on future climate<br>change projections. Clim. Dyn. 36, 1303\u20131319 (2010).<br>38. I. R. Simpson, R. Seager, M. Ting, T. A. Shaw, Causes of change in Northern Hemisphere<br>winter meridional winds and regional hydroclimate. Nat. Clim. Change 6, 65\u201370<br>(2015).<br>39. K. E. Taylor, R. J. Stouffer, G. A. Meehl, An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design.<br>Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 93, 485\u2013498 (2012).<br>40. IPCC, in Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group<br>to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<br>(Cambridge Univ. Press, 2013), pp. 1311\u20131394.<br>41. A. A. Fawcett, G. C. Iyer, L. E. Clarke, J. A. Edmonds, N. E. Hultman, H. C. McJeon,<br>J. Rogelj, R. Schuler, J. Alsalam, G. R. Asrar, J. Creason, M. Jeong, J. McFarland,<br>A. Mundra, W. Shi, Can Paris pledges avert severe climate change? Science 350,<br>1168\u20131169 (2015).<br>42. R. J. Millar, J. S. Fuglestvedt, P. Friedlingstein, J. Rogelj, M. J. Grubb, H. D. Matthews,<br>R. B. Skeie, P. M. Forster, D. J. Frame, M. R. Allen, Emission budgets and pathways<br>consistent with limiting warming to 1.5\u00b0C. Nat. Geosci. 10, 741\u2013747 (2017).</p>\n<p id='144' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Acknowledgments: We thank Y. Liu for assistance with the data analysis. We thank<br>CLIMDEX for calculating and archiving the observed and simulated extreme event<br>indices. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme\u2019s Working Group on<br>Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups<br>for producing and making available their model output. Computational facilities were<br>provided by Center for Computational Earth and Environmental Science and Stanford<br>Research Computing Center at Stanford University. Lamont contribution #8183. Funding:<br>We acknowledge funding support from the School of Earth, Energy & Environmental Sciences<br>and the Woods Institute for the Environment at Stanford University; the Earth Institute<br>and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University; and the U.S. Department<br>of Energy. Author contributions: N.S.D. designed the analysis, analyzed data, interpreted<br>results, and wrote the paper. D.S. and J.S.M. contributed to the design of the analysis,<br>interpretation of results, and writing of the paper. Competing interests: The authors declare<br>that they have no competing interests. Data and materials availability: All data needed<br>to evaluate the conclusions in the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary<br>Materials or are available from the CLIMDEX archive.</p>\n<p id='145' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Submitted 9 July 2017<br>Accepted 12 January 2018<br>Published 14 February 2018<br>10.1126/sciadv.aao3354</p>\n<p id='146' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Citation: N. S. Diffenbaugh, D. Singh, J. S. Mankin, Unprecedented climate events: Historical<br>changes, aspirational targets, and national commitments. Sci. Adv. 4, eaao3354 (2018).</p>\n<footer id='147' style='font-size:16px'>Diffenbaugh, Singh, Mankin, Sci. Adv. 2018; 4 : eaao3354 14 February 2018</footer>\n<br><footer id='148' style='font-size:16px'>9 of 9</footer>\n<br><footer id='149' style='font-size:20px'>Downloaded<br>from<br>http://advances.sciencemag.org/<br>on<br>March<br>20,<br>2018</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2167976, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='0' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>(emeritus), Netherlands; Kozakevicius, Alice, UFSM-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil; Kraft, Volker , Center Of<br>Research Studies, USA; Kusch, Sigrid, University of Padua, Germany; Kwabena Donkor, Felix , University of the<br>Witwaterstrand, South Africa; Labordena, Merc\u00e8, ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Laura Ferrans, UNU-FLORES; Leotaud, Nicole,<br>Caribbean Natural Resources Institute, Trinidad and Tobago; Levy, Guy J., Pinchas Fine, Dina Goldstein, Asher Azenkot,<br>Avraham Zilberman, Amram Chazan, and Tzfrir Grinhut; Long, Graham, Newcastle University, UK; Malekpour, Shirin,<br>Monash Sutainable Development Institute, Australia; Manzoor Qadir, United Nations University Institute for Water,<br>Environment and Health; Mathez-Stiefel, Sarah-Lan , Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern and<br>World Agroforestry Centre, Peru; McGowan, Philip, Newcastle University, United Kingdom; McQuibban, Jack, Cruelty Free<br>International, UK; Merriman, Pauli WWF International; Mijuskovic, Marija, Ministry of Sustainable Development and<br>Tourism, Montenegro; Miller, Greg, Global Dairy Platform , USA; Moalem, Meir , Sky and Space Global, UK; Moghaieb,<br>Heba, Institute of National Planning, Egypt; Moore, Nigel , Waterloo Institute for Sustainable Energy, Canada; Morand,<br>Serge, CNRS-CIRAD, France, and Kasetsart University, Thailand; Morrison, Tiffany , ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef<br>Studies, Australia; Moses, Lyria Bennett, University of New South Wales, Australia; Mtimet, Amor, independent expert,<br>Tunisia; Munoz-Blanco, Javier, UNDP Regional Centre in Panama; Musselli, Irene, Centre for Development and Environment,<br>University of Bern, Switzerland; Mustalahti, Irmeli, University of Eastern Finland; Mycoo, Michelle, The University of the<br>West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago; Nair, Malini, Christ University, India; Ndiaye, Papa, IFAN UCAD, Senegal; Neumann,<br>Barbara, Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Germany; Nguema Ndoutoumou, Pamphile, Institut de Recherches<br>Agronomiques et Foresti\u00e8res, Gabon\u00a0; Nodirbek, Tashkent State University of Economics, Uzbekistan; Nord\u00e9n, Anna, DSN<br>Northern Europe, Chalmers, Sweden; Nougier, Marie, International Drug Policy Consortium, UK; Obeng-Darko, Nana<br>Asare , University of Eastern Finland; Oberlack, Christoph, University of Bern, Switzerland; Obi, Amos, HETAVAD Skills<br>Initiative and Networks, Nigeria; Olupot, William, Nature and Livelihoods, Uganda; Olusanya, Bolajoko, Centre for Healthy<br>Start Initiative, Nigeria; Onesme, Ndisanze, University of Rwanda; O\u2019Sullivan, Dominic, Charles Sturt University, Australia;<br>Ott, Cordula, University of Bern, Switzerland; Oyaya, Stephen, FLASHYEES PEST CONTROL SERVICES, Kenya; Pacheco, Luis<br>F. , Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda, Universidad Mayor de San Andr\u00e9s, Bolivia; Painter, Claire, Monash Sustainable Development<br>Institute, Australia; Parkkonen, Pinja, The Finnish Innovation Fund Sitra; Patel, Ar Hetal, Cept University, India; Patil,<br>Parashram J. , University of Pune, India; Paul Lucas, PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Netherlands;<br>Peerless, Dan, Dairy Management Inc., USA; Penny, Ann, James Cook University, Australia; Penyalver, Domingo, CIMNE,<br>Spain; Pilon, Andr\u00e9 Francisco, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, International Academy of Science, Health & Ecology, Brazil; Pimental<br>Miglino, Maria Augusta, SEBRAE-SP, Brazil; Poissonnier, Lonne , CONCORD Europe, Belgium; Pollitzer, Elizabeth , Portia,<br>United Kingdom; Portier, Charlotte, Global Reporting Initiative, Netherlands; Pradhan, Prajal, Potsdam Institute for<br>Climate Impact Research, Germany; Pulungan, Agusdin, Indonesian farmer and fishery organization; Qadir, Manzoor ,<br>United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health; Ramamohan, R V , Water and Livelihoods<br>Foundation, India; Rankine, Hitomi, UN-ESCAP, Trinidad and Tobago; Rankine, Hitomi, UN-ESCAP, Trinidad and Tobago;<br>Ravnborg, Helle Munk, Danish Institute for International Studies;Revellino , Paolo, WWF International; Rivillas, Juan Carlos<br>, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Colombia; Robinson, Stacy-Ann, Brown University, USA; Rockstr\u00f6m, Johan,<br>Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden; Rockstr\u00f6m, Johan, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden; Roger RB Leakey,<br>International Tree foundation, UK; Ronal GAINZA , UN Environment; Rosemann, Nils, Swiss Agency for Development and<br>Cooperation / Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, Switzerland; Rwengabo, Sabastiano, Advocates Coalition for<br>Development and Environment, Uganda; Rwengabo, Sabastiano, Advocates Coalition for Development and Environment,<br>Uganda; Saarikoski, Heli, Finnish Environment Institute; Saeed, Shafqat, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan;<br>Saner, Raymond , CSEND, Switzerland; Sangha, Kamaljit K. , Charles Darwin University, Australia; Schw\u00e4rzel, Kai, United<br>Nations University Institute for Integrated Management of Material Fluxes and of Resources; Schwerhoff, Gregor, Mercator<br>Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC), Germany; Sequeira, Jeanette, Global Forest Coalition,<br>Netherlands\u00a0; Sewell, Annelies , PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency; Shepherd, Keith, World Agroforestry<br>Centre (ICRAF), Kenya; Shkaruba, Anton, Central European University, Hungary; Shkaruba, Anton, Central European<br>University, Hungary; Sidorenko, Marina, independent entrepreneur, Russia; Silvestri, Luciana Carla, National Council of<br>Scientific Research, Argentina; Smith, Liam, Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Australia; Soon-Young Yoon,<br>Women\u2019s Environment and Development Organization, USA; Steensland, Ann, Global Harvest Initiative, USA; Stevenson,<br>Linda Anne, Asia Pacific Network for Global Change Research, Japan; Stevenson, Linda Anne, Asia Pacific Network for<br>Global Change Research (APN), Japan; Studer, Rima Mekdaschi, Center for Development and Environment, University of<br>Bern, Switzerland; Sturm, Janina , SDSN Germany; Tall, Ibrahima, National Agency of Statistics and Demography, Senegal;<br>Tchouaffe Tchiadje, Norbert, Pan African Institute for Development, Cameroon; Thomas, Joel, SPIN Global, USA; Torres<br>Agredo, Miyerlandi , Red de Salud del Centro E.S.E, Colombia; UN-Water; Ustun, Taha Selim, Carnegie Mellon University,<br>USA; Vacchiano, Giorgio, Universita\u2019 degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Valero, Alicia, Research Centre for Energy Resources and</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	If a student is interested in both climate change and screenwriting based on the document chunks, which authors or contributors should they research for more information?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 303, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["tabular reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 435459, "type": "text", "content": "# RETURN ADDRESS\n\n\nAdditional legal is on page\n\n\nA ssessor\u2019s Property Tax Parcel/Account Number\n\n\nAdditional parcel #\u2019s on page\n\n\n \n\nT he Auditor/Recorder will rely on the information provided on this form. The\nstaff will not read the documents to verify the accuracy or \ncompleteness of the indexing information provided herein.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 710686, "type": "html", "content": "<br><table id='51' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td colspan=\"7\">SALES HISTORY THROUGH 06/24/2021</td></tr><tr><td>Date Amount</td><td colspan=\"2\">Buyer/Owners</td><td>Seller</td><td>Instrument</td><td>No. Parcels</td><td>Book/Page Or Document#</td></tr><tr><td>4/1/2016</td><td colspan=\"2\">Christopher L Headrick LLC</td><td>Clheadrick Inc</td><td>Quit Claim Deed</td><td>16</td><td>384/140</td></tr><tr><td>4/1/2015 $9,900</td><td colspan=\"2\">Clheadrick Inc</td><td>Lenoir City Co</td><td>Warranty Deed</td><td>11</td><td>375/595</td></tr><tr><td>1/1/1900</td><td colspan=\"2\">Lenoir City Co</td><td></td><td></td><td>518</td><td>8/117</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">TAX ASSESSMENT</td></tr><tr><td>Appraisal</td><td colspan=\"2\">Amount</td><td>Assessment Amount</td><td colspan=\"2\">Jurisdiction</td><td>Rate</td></tr><tr><td>Appraisal Year</td><td colspan=\"2\">2019</td><td>Assessment Year 2019</td><td colspan=\"2\">Lenoir City</td><td>0.9955</td></tr><tr><td>Appraised Land</td><td colspan=\"2\">$6,700</td><td>Assessed Land</td><td colspan=\"2\">Loudon</td><td>1.5835</td></tr><tr><td>Appraised Improvements</td><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td>Assessed Improvements</td><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total Tax Appraisal</td><td colspan=\"2\">$6,700</td><td>Total Assessment $1,675 Exempt Amount</td><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td></td><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td>Exempt Reason</td><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">TAXES</td></tr><tr><td>Tax Year</td><td colspan=\"2\">City Taxes</td><td>County Taxes</td><td colspan=\"2\">Total Taxes</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2019</td><td colspan=\"2\">$16.67</td><td>$26.52</td><td colspan=\"2\">$43.20</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2018</td><td colspan=\"2\">$16.67</td><td>$25.45</td><td colspan=\"2\">$42.12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2017</td><td colspan=\"2\">$16.67</td><td>$25.45</td><td colspan=\"2\">$42.12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2016</td><td colspan=\"2\">$17.78</td><td>$26.11</td><td colspan=\"2\">$43.89</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2015</td><td colspan=\"2\">$17.78</td><td>$25.77</td><td colspan=\"2\">$43.55</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2014</td><td colspan=\"2\">$17.78</td><td>$25.77</td><td colspan=\"2\">$43.55</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2012</td><td colspan=\"2\">$17.78</td><td>$24.20</td><td colspan=\"2\">$41.98</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">MORTGAGE HISTORY</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">No mortgages were found for this parcel.</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">PROPERTY CHARACTERISTICS: BUILDING</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">No Buildings were found for this parcel.</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">PROPERTY CHARACTERISTICS: EXTRA FEATURES</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">No extra features were found for this parcel.</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">PROPERTY CHARACTERISTICS: LOT</td></tr><tr><td>Land Use</td><td colspan=\"2\">Household Units</td><td>Lot Dimensions</td><td colspan=\"2\">25 X142.5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Block/Lot</td><td colspan=\"2\">5/4</td><td>Lot Square Feet</td><td colspan=\"2\">3,485</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Latitude/Longitude</td><td colspan=\"2\">35.783417\u00b0/-84.277181\u00b0</td><td>Acreage</td><td colspan=\"2\">0.08</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">PROPERTY CHARACTERISTICS: UTILITIES/AREA</td></tr><tr><td>Gas Source</td><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td>Road Type</td><td colspan=\"2\">Us Highway</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Electric Source</td><td colspan=\"2\">Public</td><td>Topography</td><td colspan=\"2\">Low</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Water Source</td><td colspan=\"2\">Public</td><td>District Trend</td><td colspan=\"2\">Stable</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sewer Source</td><td colspan=\"2\">Individual</td><td>Special School District 1</td><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Zoning Code</td><td colspan=\"2\">O-1</td><td>Special School District 2</td><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">Owner Type</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">LEGAL DESCRIPTION</td></tr><tr><td>Subdivision</td><td colspan=\"2\">Payne Map Of Lenoir City</td><td>Plat Book/Page</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\"></td></tr><tr><td>Block/Lot Description</td><td colspan=\"2\">5/4 02 029D C 029D 05700 000</td><td>District/Ward</td><td>02</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">FEMA FLOOD ZONES</td></tr><tr><td>Zone Code Risk</td><td colspan=\"3\">BFE Description</td><td colspan=\"2\">FIRM Panel ID</td><td>FIRM Panel Eff. Date</td></tr><tr><td>Flood X Minimal 500-year</td><td colspan=\"5\">Area of minimal flood hazard, usually depicted on FIRMs as above the 47105C0092D</td><td>05/16/2007</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>flood level.</p>\n<footer id='53' style='font-size:20px'>COPYRIGHT \u00a9 2021 COURTHOUSE RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.<br>Information Deemed Reliable But Not Guaranteed.</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 710693, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='21' style='font-size:16px'>Wednesday, July 07, 2021</header>\n<br><p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>LOCATION</p>\n<br><table id='23' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>Property Address</td><td>Broadway West TN</td></tr><tr><td>Subdivision</td><td>Payne Map Of Lenoir City</td></tr><tr><td>County</td><td>Loudon County, TN</td></tr><tr><td>PROPERTY SUMMARY</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Property Type</td><td>Residential</td></tr><tr><td>Land Use</td><td>Household Units</td></tr><tr><td>Improvement Type</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Square Feet</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>GENERAL PARCEL INFORMATION</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Parcel ID/Tax ID</td><td>026B E 035.00 000</td></tr><tr><td>Special Int</td><td>000</td></tr><tr><td>Alternate Parcel ID</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Land Map</td><td>026B</td></tr><tr><td>District/Ward</td><td>02</td></tr><tr><td>2010 Census Trct/Blk</td><td>602.02/2</td></tr><tr><td>Assessor Roll Year</td><td>2019</td></tr></table>\n<br><figure><img id='24' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(646,105); bottom-right:(970,358)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>SCHOOL INFORMATION</p>\n<br><table id='26' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td colspan=\"2\">These are the closest schools to the property</td></tr><tr><td>Lenoir City Elementary School</td><td rowspan=\"2\">1.3 mi Distance</td></tr><tr><td>Elementary: Pre K to 3</td></tr><tr><td>Lenoir City Middle School</td><td rowspan=\"2\">2.0 mi Distance</td></tr><tr><td>Primary Middle: 4 to 8</td></tr><tr><td>Lenoir City High School</td><td rowspan=\"2\">1.8 mi Distance</td></tr><tr><td>High: 9 to 12</td></tr></table>\n<br><table id='27' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td colspan=\"8\">SALES HISTORY THROUGH 06/24/2021</td></tr><tr><td>Date</td><td>Amount</td><td>Buyer/Owners</td><td>Seller</td><td></td><td>Instrument</td><td>No. Parcels</td><td>Book/Page Or Document#</td></tr><tr><td>4/1/2016</td><td></td><td>Christopher L Headrick LLC</td><td>Clheadrick Inc</td><td></td><td>Quit Claim Deed</td><td>16</td><td>384/140</td></tr><tr><td>4/1/2015 $9,900</td><td></td><td>Clheadrick Inc</td><td>Lenoir City Co</td><td></td><td>Warranty Deed</td><td>11</td><td>375/595</td></tr><tr><td>1/1/1900</td><td></td><td>Lenoir City Co</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>518</td><td>8/117</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"8\">TAX ASSESSMENT</td></tr><tr><td>Appraisal</td><td>Amount</td><td></td><td>Assessment</td><td>Amount</td><td>Jurisdiction</td><td></td><td>Rate</td></tr><tr><td>Appraisal Year</td><td>2019</td><td></td><td>Assessment Year</td><td>2019</td><td>Lenoir City</td><td></td><td>0.9955</td></tr><tr><td>Appraised Land</td><td>$6,700</td><td></td><td>Assessed Land</td><td></td><td>Loudon</td><td></td><td>1.5835</td></tr><tr><td>Appraised Improvements</td><td></td><td></td><td>Assessed Improvements</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total Tax Appraisal</td><td>$6,700</td><td></td><td>Total Assessment</td><td>$1,675</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Exempt Amount</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Exempt Reason</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"8\">TAXES</td></tr><tr><td>Tax Year</td><td colspan=\"2\">City Taxes</td><td>County Taxes</td><td></td><td>Total Taxes</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2019</td><td colspan=\"2\">$16.67</td><td>$26.52</td><td></td><td>$43.20</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2018</td><td colspan=\"2\">$16.67</td><td>$25.45</td><td></td><td>$42.12</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2017</td><td colspan=\"2\">$16.67</td><td>$25.45</td><td></td><td>$42.12</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2016</td><td colspan=\"2\">$17.78</td><td>$26.11</td><td></td><td>$43.89</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2015</td><td colspan=\"2\">$17.78</td><td>$25.77</td><td></td><td>$43.55</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2014</td><td colspan=\"2\">$17.78</td><td>$25.77</td><td></td><td>$43.55</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2012</td><td colspan=\"2\">$17.78</td><td>$24.20</td><td></td><td>$41.98</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"8\">MORTGAGE HISTORY</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"8\">No mortgages were found for this parcel.</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"8\">PROPERTY CHARACTERISTICS: BUILDING</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"8\">No Buildings were found for this parcel.</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"8\">PROPERTY CHARACTERISTICS: EXTRA FEATURES</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"8\">No extra features were found for this parcel.</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"8\">PROPERTY CHARACTERISTICS: LOT</td></tr><tr><td>Land Use</td><td colspan=\"3\">Household Units 25 X142.5</td><td colspan=\"4\">Lot Dimensions</td></tr><tr><td>Block/Lot</td><td colspan=\"3\">5/6</td><td colspan=\"4\">Lot Square Feet 3,485 Acreage</td></tr><tr><td>Latitude/Longitude 0.08</td><td colspan=\"7\">35.783502\u00b0/-84.277049\u00b0</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">PROPERTY CHARACTERISTICS: UTILITIES/AREA</td><td>Road</td><td colspan=\"4\">Highway</td></tr><tr><td>Gas Source Us</td><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td>Type</td><td colspan=\"4\">Low</td></tr><tr><td>Electric Source</td><td colspan=\"2\">Public</td><td>Topography</td><td colspan=\"4\">District Trend Stable</td></tr><tr><td>Water Source</td><td colspan=\"2\">Public</td><td></td><td colspan=\"4\">Special School District 1</td></tr><tr><td>Sewer Source Zoning Code</td><td colspan=\"2\">Individual</td><td></td><td colspan=\"4\">Special School District 2</td></tr><tr><td>Owner Type</td><td colspan=\"2\">O-1</td><td></td><td colspan=\"4\"></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"8\">LEGAL DESCRIPTION</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan=\"2\">Payne Map Of Lenoir City</td><td>Plat Book/Page</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Subdivision</td><td colspan=\"2\">5/6</td><td>District/Ward</td><td colspan=\"4\">02</td></tr><tr><td>Block/Lot</td><td colspan=\"2\">02 029D C 029D 05900 000</td><td></td><td colspan=\"3\"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"8\">Description FEMA FLOOD ZONES</td></tr><tr><td>Zone Code</td><td>Flood Risk BFE</td><td colspan=\"2\">Description</td><td colspan=\"2\">FIRM Panel ID</td><td colspan=\"2\">FIRM Panel Eff. Date</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td colspan=\"2\"></td></tr><tr><td>X Minimal</td><td>500-year 47105C0092D</td><td colspan=\"4\">Area of minimal flood hazard, usually depicted on FIRMs as above the</td><td colspan=\"2\">05/16/2007</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>flood level.</p>\n<footer id='29' style='font-size:20px'>COPYRIGHT \u00a9 2021 COURTHOUSE RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.<br>Information Deemed Reliable But Not Guaranteed.</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 160747, "type": "html", "content": "<br><h1 id='59' style='font-size:20px'>MS-1 Parcel Data</h1>\n<br><h1 id='60' style='font-size:22px'>\u00b5</h1>\n<br><figure><img id='61' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"Source: Esri, Maxar, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID,\nIGN, and the GIS User Community, Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, Esri,\nHERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community\" data-coord=\"top-left:(45,174); bottom-right:(1520,1127)\" /></figure>\n<p id='62' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>0 0.075 0.15 0.3 Miles</p>\n<br><h1 id='63' style='font-size:18px'>Legend</h1>\n<br><footer id='64' style='font-size:16px'>MS_1_ProjectArea_20210125</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 710676, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='0' style='font-size:16px'>Wednesday, July 07, 2021</header>\n<br><p id='1' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>LOCATION</p>\n<br><table id='2' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>Property Address</td><td>Broadway West TN</td></tr><tr><td>Subdivision</td><td>Payne Map Of Lenoir City</td></tr><tr><td>County</td><td>Loudon County, TN</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">PROPERTY SUMMARY</td></tr><tr><td>Property Type</td><td>Residential</td></tr><tr><td>Land Use</td><td>Household Units</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Improvement Type</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Square Feet</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">GENERAL PARCEL INFORMATION</td></tr><tr><td>Parcel ID/Tax ID</td><td>026B E 030.00 000</td></tr><tr><td>Special Int</td><td>000</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Alternate Parcel ID</td></tr><tr><td>Land Map</td><td>026B</td></tr><tr><td>District/Ward</td><td>02</td></tr><tr><td>2010 Census Trct/Blk</td><td>602.02/2</td></tr><tr><td>Assessor Roll Year</td><td>2019</td></tr></table>\n<br><figure><img id='3' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(644,106); bottom-right:(971,358)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>SCHOOL INFORMATION</p>\n<br><table id='5' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td colspan=\"2\">These are the closest schools to the property</td></tr><tr><td>Lenoir City Elementary School</td><td>1.3 mi</td></tr><tr><td>Elementary: Pre K to 3</td><td>Distance</td></tr><tr><td>Lenoir City Middle School</td><td>2.0 mi</td></tr><tr><td>Primary Middle: 4 to 8</td><td>Distance</td></tr><tr><td>Lenoir City High School</td><td>1.8 mi</td></tr><tr><td>High: 9 to 12</td><td>Distance</td></tr></table>\n<br><table id='6' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td colspan=\"6\">SALES HISTORY THROUGH 06/24/2021</td></tr><tr><td>Date Amount</td><td>Buyer/Owners</td><td>Seller</td><td>Instrument</td><td>No. Parcels</td><td>Book/Page Or Document#</td></tr><tr><td>4/1/2016</td><td>Christopher L Headrick LLC</td><td>Clheadrick Inc</td><td>Quit Claim Deed</td><td>16</td><td>384/140</td></tr><tr><td>4/1/2015 $9,900</td><td>Clheadrick Inc</td><td>Lenoir City Co</td><td>Warranty Deed</td><td>11</td><td>375/595</td></tr><tr><td>1/1/1900</td><td>Lenoir City Co</td><td></td><td></td><td>518</td><td>8/117</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">TAX ASSESSMENT</td></tr><tr><td>Appraisal</td><td>Amount</td><td>Assessment Amount</td><td colspan=\"2\">Jurisdiction</td><td>Rate</td></tr><tr><td>Appraisal Year</td><td>2019</td><td>Assessment Year 2019</td><td colspan=\"2\">Lenoir City</td><td>0.9955</td></tr><tr><td>Appraised Land</td><td>$6,700</td><td>Assessed Land</td><td colspan=\"2\">Loudon</td><td>1.5835</td></tr><tr><td>Appraised Improvements</td><td></td><td>Assessed Improvements</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total Tax Appraisal</td><td>$6,700</td><td>Total Assessment $1,675</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Exempt Amount</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Exempt Reason</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">TAXES</td></tr><tr><td>Tax Year</td><td>City Taxes</td><td>County Taxes</td><td colspan=\"2\">Total Taxes</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2019</td><td>$16.67</td><td>$26.52</td><td colspan=\"2\">$43.20</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2018</td><td>$16.67</td><td>$25.45</td><td colspan=\"2\">$42.12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2017</td><td>$16.67</td><td>$25.45</td><td colspan=\"2\">$42.12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2016</td><td>$17.78</td><td>$26.11</td><td colspan=\"2\">$43.89</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2015</td><td>$17.78</td><td>$25.77</td><td colspan=\"2\">$43.55</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2014</td><td>$17.78</td><td>$25.77</td><td colspan=\"2\">$43.55</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2012</td><td>$17.78</td><td>$24.20</td><td colspan=\"2\">$41.98</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">MORTGAGE HISTORY</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">No mortgages were found for this parcel.</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">PROPERTY CHARACTERISTICS: BUILDING</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">No Buildings were found for this parcel.</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">PROPERTY CHARACTERISTICS: EXTRA FEATURES</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">No extra features were found for this parcel.</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">PROPERTY CHARACTERISTICS: LOT</td></tr><tr><td>Land Use</td><td>Household Units</td><td>Lot Dimensions</td><td colspan=\"2\">25 X142.5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Block/Lot</td><td>5/1</td><td>Lot Square Feet</td><td colspan=\"2\">3,485</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Latitude/Longitude</td><td>35.783290\u00b0/-84.277380\u00b0</td><td>Acreage</td><td colspan=\"2\">0.08</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">PROPERTY CHARACTERISTICS: UTILITIES/AREA</td></tr><tr><td>Gas Source</td><td></td><td>Road Type</td><td colspan=\"2\">Us Highway</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Electric Source</td><td>Public</td><td>Topography</td><td colspan=\"2\">Low</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Water Source</td><td>Public</td><td>District Trend</td><td colspan=\"2\">Stable</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sewer Source</td><td>Individual</td><td>Special School District 1</td><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Zoning Code</td><td>O-1</td><td>Special School District 2</td><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">Owner Type</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">LEGAL DESCRIPTION</td></tr><tr><td>Subdivision</td><td>Payne Map Of Lenoir City</td><td>Plat Book/Page</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Block/Lot</td><td>5/1</td><td>District/Ward</td><td colspan=\"2\">02</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">Description 02 029D C 029D 05400 000</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">FEMA FLOOD ZONES</td></tr><tr><td>Zone Code Risk</td><td colspan=\"2\">BFE Description</td><td colspan=\"2\">FIRM Panel ID</td><td>FIRM Panel Eff. Date</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">Flood X Minimal Area of minimal flood hazard, usually depicted on FIRMs as above the 500-year 47105C0092D</td><td>05/16/2007</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>flood level.</p>\n<footer id='8' style='font-size:20px'>COPYRIGHT \u00a9 2021 COURTHOUSE RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.<br>Information Deemed Reliable But Not Guaranteed.</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2019047, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>STATE OF NEW YORK<br>COUNTY - Jefferson<br>TOWN - Alexandria<br>SWIS - 222289</p>\n<br><p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>2 0 2 1 F I N A L A S S E S S M E N T R O L L<br>T A X A B L E SECTION OF THE ROLL - 1</p>\n<p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>TAX MAP NUMBER SEQUENCE<br>UNIFORM PERCENT OF VALUE IS 091.00</p>\n<table id='28' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>TAX MAP PARCEL NUMBER CURRENT OWNERS NAME CURRENT OWNERS ADDRESS</td><td>PROPERTY LOCATION & CLASS SCHOOL DISTRICT PARCEL SIZE/GRID COORD *****************************************************************************************************</td><td>ASSESSMENT LAND TOTAL</td><td>EXEMPTION TAX DESCRIPTION SPECIAL DISTRICTS</td><td></td><td>CODE------------------COUNTY--------TOWN------SCHOOL TAXABLE VALUE ACCOUNT NO. 13.00-3-84</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Ledges Rd</td><td>105 Vac farmland</td><td></td><td>COUNTY</td><td>TAXABLE VALUE</td><td></td><td>8,300</td><td>*************</td></tr><tr><td>13.00-3-84</td><td></td><td>Lafargeville 224601</td><td>8,300</td><td></td><td>TOWN TAXABLE VALUE</td><td></td><td>8,300</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Wills Randy Wills Joyce</td><td></td><td>Town Line</td><td>8,300</td><td></td><td>SCHOOL TAXABLE</td><td>VALUE</td><td>8,300</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PO Box 171</td><td></td><td>ACRES 25.80</td><td></td><td>FD222</td><td>Plessis Fire Dist</td><td></td><td>TO</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>8,300</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lafargeville, NY 13656</td><td>***************************************************************************************************</td><td>EAST-0980319 NRTH-1561455 FULL MARKET VALUE</td><td>9,121</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>13.00-3-86 *************</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>13.00-3-86</td><td>NYS</td><td>Rte 12 314 Rural vac<10</td><td></td><td></td><td>COUNTY TAXABLE VALUE</td><td></td><td>7,500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Thousand Islands AdventuresLLC</td><td></td><td>Lafargeville 224601</td><td>7,500</td><td></td><td>TOWN TAXABLE VALUE</td><td></td><td></td><td>7,500</td></tr><tr><td>c/o David Muraco</td><td></td><td>FRNT 150.00 DPTH 150.00</td><td>7,500</td><td></td><td>SCHOOL TAXABLE VALUE</td><td></td><td></td><td>7,500</td></tr><tr><td>4306 E Genesee St</td><td></td><td>EAST-0981410 NRTH-1566097</td><td></td><td></td><td>FP221 Alexandria Fire Prot</td><td></td><td>7,500</td><td>TO</td></tr><tr><td>Dewitt, NY 13214</td><td></td><td>DEED BOOK 2016 PG-14659</td><td></td><td></td><td>SD222 Rt 12 Sewer Dist 1</td><td></td><td>.00 MT</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>FULL MARKET VALUE</td><td>8,242</td><td></td><td>WD224 Rt 12 Water Dist</td><td></td><td>.00 MT</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>***************************************************************************************************</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>13.00-3-87 *************</td></tr><tr><td>13.00-3-87</td><td></td><td>S of NYS Rte 12 910 Priv forest</td><td></td><td>COUNTY</td><td>TAXABLE VALUE</td><td></td><td>400</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Buzzell Stanley W</td><td></td><td>Alexandria 222202</td><td>400</td><td>TOWN</td><td></td><td>TAXABLE VALUE</td><td>400</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>36640 NYS Rte 126</td><td></td><td>Omar Swamp</td><td>400</td><td>SCHOOL</td><td>TAXABLE VALUE</td><td></td><td>400</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Carthage, NY 13619</td><td></td><td>ACRES 2.00</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>400 TO</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>EAST-0986454 NRTH-1560834</td><td></td><td></td><td>FP221</td><td>Alexandria Fire Prot</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>PG-9558 VALUE ***************************************************************************************************</td><td>DEED BOOK 2009 FULL MARKET</td><td>440</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>13.00-4-1.1 ************</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>13.00-4-1.1</td><td></td><td>Bailey Settlement Rd 120 Field crops</td><td></td><td></td><td>COUNTY TAXABLE VALUE</td><td></td><td>41,300</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Shoulette Douglas R</td><td></td><td>Alexandria 222202</td><td>41,300</td><td></td><td>TOWN TAXABLE VALUE</td><td></td><td>41,300</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Shoulette Lynn J</td><td></td><td>ACRES 91.60</td><td>41,300</td><td></td><td>SCHOOL TAXABLE VALUE</td><td></td><td>41,300</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>23714 Shoulette Rd</td><td></td><td>EAST-0993500 NRTH-1565000</td><td></td><td></td><td>AD002 North Ag Dist</td><td></td><td>41,300 TO</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Redwood, NY 13679</td><td></td><td>FULL MARKET VALUE ***************************************************************************************************</td><td>45,385</td><td></td><td>FP221 Alexandria Fire</td><td>Prot</td><td>41,300</td><td>TO ************</td></tr><tr><td>43009</td><td>Bailey Settlement Rd Family Res</td><td>210 1</td><td></td><td></td><td>COUNTY TAXABLE VALUE</td><td></td><td>13.00-4-1.2 181,800</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>13.00-4-1.2 Stone Gary</td><td>Alexandria</td><td>222202</td><td>19,800</td><td></td><td>TAXABLE</td><td></td><td>181,800</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stone Aimee</td><td></td><td>ACRES 4.01</td><td>181,800</td><td></td><td>TOWN SCHOOL TAXABLE VALUE</td><td>VALUE</td><td>181,800</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>43009 Bailey Settlement Rd</td><td></td><td>EAST-0992300 NRTH-1564800</td><td></td><td>AD002</td><td>North Ag Dist</td><td></td><td>181,800 TO</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Alexandria Bay, NY 13607</td><td></td><td>DEED BOOK 2017 PG-588</td><td></td><td></td><td>FP221 Alexandria Fire Prot</td><td></td><td>181,800</td><td>TO</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>FULL</td><td>MARKET VALUE ***************************************************************************************************</td><td>199,780</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>13.00-4-1.3</td><td>************</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>43137 13.00-4-1.3</td><td>Bailey Settlement Rd</td><td></td><td></td><td>COUNTY</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hershberger Samuel A</td><td></td><td>312 Vac w/imprv</td><td></td><td></td><td>TAXABLE</td><td>VALUE</td><td>201,700</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hershberger Sarah</td><td>ACRES 210.00</td><td>Alexandria 222202</td><td>133,600</td><td>TOWN</td><td>TAXABLE VALUE</td><td></td><td>201,700</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bailey Settlement Rd</td><td></td><td></td><td>201,700</td><td>SCHOOL FP221</td><td></td><td></td><td>201,700</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>43137</td><td>NRTH-1566100</td><td>EAST-0991800</td><td></td><td></td><td>TAXABLE VALUE Alexandria Fire Prot</td><td></td><td>201,700 TO</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Alexandria Bay, NY 13607</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>DEED BOOK 2014 PG-17883 FULL MARKET VALUE</td><td>*********************************************************************************************************************************</td><td>221,648</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>\n<br><table id='29' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td></td><td>PAGE</td><td></td><td>650</td></tr><tr><td>VALUATION</td><td>DATE-JUL</td><td>01,</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>TAXABLE STATUS</td><td>DATE-MAR</td><td>01,</td><td>2021</td></tr></table>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 73482, "type": "text", "content": "# 2\n\n\n \n\n2\n\n\n \n\nKelley & VerPlanck \nContinuation Update\n\n\n \n\nResource Name or # (Assigned by Recorder) 100-106 Fillmore Street \n5/1/2010\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 73480, "type": "text", "content": " \n\nPage _1_ of _1_ Resource name(s) or number(assigned by recorder) 100-106\nFillmore St.\n\n\n \n\nP1. Other Identifier:\n\n\n \n\nP2. Location: Not for Publication Unrestricted a. County: San Francisco\n\n\n \n\nand (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.)\n\n\n \n\nb. USGS 7.5\u2019 Quad: San Francisco North, Calif. Date: 1956 (rev. 1973) \nc. Address: 100-106 Fillmore St. City: San Francisco Zip: 94117 \nd. UTM: Zone: 10 mE/ mN (G.P.S.) \ne. Other Locational Data: Assessor\u2019s Parcel Number (Map, Block, Lot): 0868-017\n\n\n \n\nP3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries.) \n100-106 Fillmore Street is located on a 25.958\u2019 x 94.292\u2019 corner lot on the\neast side of Fillmore Street between Germania and \nHermann Streets. Built in 1904, 100-106 Fillmore Street is a 3-story, wood-\nframe, multiple-family building containing 4 units. The \nrectangular-plan building, clad in stucco at the first floor and wood channel\nsiding on the upper stories, is capped by a flat roof. \nThe primary fa\u00e7ade faces west toward Fillmore Street and is 3 bays wide; a\nsecondary fa\u00e7ade faces south toward Hermann \nStreet and is 3 bays wide. The left bay of the first floor of the primary\nfa\u00e7ade features terrazzo steps leading to the building\u2019s \nmain entrance. The entry has a recessed, wooden door with molded surrounds\nflanked by sidelights and Tuscan columns. The \nright bay features terrazzo steps leading to a gated secondary entrance. The\ncentral bay features a fixed picture window. The \nsecond floor is characterized by four-light wooden windows with molded\nsurrounds beneath three-light transoms, while the third \nfloor is characterized by one-over-one, double-hung wooden windows with molded\nsurrounds beneath single-light transoms. \nBoth stories have a squared, corner bay window with similar windows. The first\nstory of the south elevation has paired windows \nin the first bay and single windows in the remaining bay. The upper stories\nhave the same fenestration pattern in the outer bays \nand a squared bay window in the second bay. The building terminates in a plain\nroofline. The building appears to be in good \ncondition.\n\n\n \n\nP3b. Resource Attributes: (list attributes and codes) HP3: Multiple family property \nP4. Resources Present: Building Structure Object Site District Element of District Other\n\n\n \n\nP5b. Photo: (view and date)\n\n\n \n\nView from west\n\n\n \n\n8/28/2006\n\n\n P6. Date Constructed/Age and \nSources: Historic\n\n\n \n\n1904\n\n\n \n\nSF Assessors Office\n\n\n* P7. Owner and Address:\n\n\n \n\nEdward Morgan Revocable Tr.\n\n\n* P8. Recorded by:\n\n\nAttachments:\n\n\n \n\nArchaeological\n\n\n \n\nArtifact Record Photograph Record Other (list)\n\n\n \n\nNone Location Map Sketch Map Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, and\nObject Record \nRecord District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Station Record Rock Art\nRecord\n\n\nDPR 523A (1/95)\n\n\n \n\n P9. Date Recorded: \n8/28/2006\n\n\n* P10. Survey Type:\n\n\n \n\nReconnaissance\n\n\nP11. Report Citation: (Cite survey report and other sources, or enter \u201cnone\u201d) None\n\n\nRequired information\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 73481, "type": "text", "content": "State of California The Resources Agency Primary # \nDEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI No.\n\n\n \n\n# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD\n\n\nNRHP Status Code 6Z \nResource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) 100-106 Fillmore Street\n\n\n \n\nPage 1 of 2\n\n\n# B7. Moved?\n\n\n \n\nDate:\n\n\n \n\nOriginal Location:\n\n\n \n\nnone\n\n\n \n\nB8. Related Features\n\n\nB9a. Architect\n\n\n \n\nb.\n\n\n \n\nBuilder\n\n\n \n\nGilded Age of Merchant\n\n\n \n\nBuilders\n\n\n \n\nB10. Significance: Theme Area:\n\n\n \n\nPeriod of Significance Property Type Applicable Criteria\n\n\nB11. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP3: Multiple\nfamily property\n\n\n \n\n# B12.\n\n\n \n\nReferences:\n\n\n# B13. Remarks\n\n\n \n\n(Sketch Map with north arrow required.)\n\n\nKelley & VerPlanck \nB14. Evaluator \nDate of Evaluation 5/1/2010\n\n\nDPR 523B (1/95)\n\n\n \n* Required Information\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2018390, "type": "html", "content": "<table id='72' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>TAX MAP PARCEL NUMBER OWNERS NAME</td><td rowspan=\"2\">PROPERTY LOCATION & CLASS SCHOOL DISTRICT PARCEL SIZE/GRID COORD *****************************************************************************************************</td><td rowspan=\"2\">ASSESSMENT LAND TOTAL</td><td rowspan=\"2\">EXEMPTION TAX DESCRIPTION SPECIAL DISTRICTS</td><td rowspan=\"2\"></td><td rowspan=\"2\">CODE------------------COUNTY--------TOWN------SCHOOL TAXABLE VALUE ACCOUNT NO. 2.68-1-6 ***************</td></tr><tr><td>CURRENT CURRENT OWNERS ADDRESS</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">47961 Hillside Ave</td></tr><tr><td>2.68-1-6</td><td>260 Seasonal res - WTRFNT</td><td></td><td>COUNTY</td><td>TAXABLE VALUE</td><td>177,900</td></tr><tr><td>Rogers Constance Sue</td><td>Alexandria 222202</td><td>106,500</td><td>TOWN</td><td>TAXABLE VALUE</td><td>177,900</td></tr><tr><td>6148 Los Robles Ln</td><td>Westminster Lots 36 & 37</td><td>177,900</td><td>SCHOOL TAXABLE</td><td>VALUE</td><td>177,900</td></tr><tr><td>Mesquite, TX 75150</td><td>and Lands Underwater ACRES 1.90 EAST-0992236 NRTH-1590014</td><td></td><td>FP221 Alexandria</td><td>Fire Prot</td><td>177,900 TO</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>DEED BOOK 2016 PG-9083 FULL MARKET VALUE</td><td>195,495</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>47931 Hillside Ave</td><td>***************************************************************************************************</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2.68-1-7 ***************</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\"></td></tr><tr><td>2.68-1-7</td><td>260 Seasonal res - WTRFNT</td><td></td><td>COUNTY</td><td>TAXABLE VALUE</td><td>243,100</td></tr><tr><td>Rushmer Gary H</td><td>Alexandria 222202</td><td>115,400</td><td>TOWN</td><td>TAXABLE VALUE</td><td>243,100</td></tr><tr><td>Rushmer Vera A</td><td>Westminster 77-80</td><td>243,100</td><td>SCHOOL</td><td>TAXABLE VALUE</td><td>243,100</td></tr><tr><td>PO Box 569</td><td>and land underwater</td><td></td><td>FP221</td><td>Alexandria Fire Prot</td><td>243,100 TO</td></tr><tr><td>Ocean City, NJ 08226-0569</td><td>ACRES 2.70 EAST-0992122 NRTH-1589885 DEED BOOK 2017 PG-9125</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>FULL MARKET VALUE</td><td>267,143</td><td></td><td></td><td>2.68-1-8 ***************</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">*************************************************************************************************** 47901 Hillside Ave</td></tr><tr><td>2.68-1-8</td><td>260 Seasonal res - WTRFNT</td><td></td><td>COUNTY TAXABLE</td><td>VALUE</td><td>179,200</td></tr><tr><td>Twichell P David</td><td>Alexandria 222202</td><td>129,600</td><td>TOWN</td><td>TAXABLE VALUE</td><td>179,200</td></tr><tr><td>Twichell Jonathan C</td><td>Twichell Lucy A-LF Use</td><td>179,200</td><td>SCHOOL</td><td>TAXABLE VALUE</td><td>179,200</td></tr><tr><td>c/o Juliet Twichell</td><td>Lots 74-76</td><td></td><td>FP221 Alexandria</td><td>Fire Prot</td><td>179,200 TO</td></tr><tr><td>3204 Tremont St CA 94703</td><td>ACRES 2.50 NRTH-1589678</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Berkeley,</td><td>EAST-0992036 DEED BOOK 2020 PG-9883 FULL MARKET VALUE</td><td>196,923</td><td></td><td></td><td>2.68-1-13 **************</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">*************************************************************************************************** 47872 Ridge Ave</td></tr><tr><td>2.68-1-13</td><td>260 Seasonal res</td><td></td><td>COUNTY</td><td>TAXABLE VALUE</td><td>244,700</td></tr><tr><td>Pack F William</td><td>Alexandria 222202</td><td>134,000</td><td>TOWN</td><td>TAXABLE VALUE</td><td>244,700</td></tr><tr><td>Pack Barbara R</td><td>Westminster Park Sub'd</td><td>244,700</td><td>SCHOOL</td><td>TAXABLE VALUE</td><td>244,700</td></tr><tr><td>% William & Barbara Pack</td><td>Lots 46 thru 48 & p/o 49</td><td></td><td>FP221 Alexandria</td><td>Fire Prot</td><td>244,700 TO</td></tr><tr><td>Pack Family Property Trust W Andover Ave</td><td>Lands Underwater 1.74</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10414 City, AZ 85351</td><td>ACRES EAST-0992326 NRTH-1589606 DEED BOOK 2016 PG-14698</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sun</td><td>FULL MARKET VALUE</td><td>268,901</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>*************************************************************************************************** Ridge Ave</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2.68-1-14</td><td>311 Res vac land</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2.68-1-14 **************</td></tr><tr><td>F</td><td>Alexandria 222202</td><td></td><td></td><td>TAXABLE VALUE</td><td>3,000</td></tr><tr><td>Pack William</td><td>Lots 57 & 58</td><td>3,000</td><td>COUNTY TOWN</td><td>TAXABLE VALUE</td><td>3,000</td></tr><tr><td>Pack Barbara R</td><td>ACRES 0.17 EAST-0992173 NRTH-1589503</td><td>3,000</td><td></td><td></td><td>3,000</td></tr><tr><td>% Willaim & Barbara Pack</td><td></td><td></td><td>SCHOOL</td><td>TAXABLE</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Alexandria</td><td>VALUE</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10414 W Andover Ave Sun City, AZ 85351</td><td>DEED BOOK 1842 PG-331</td><td></td><td>FP221</td><td>Fire Prot</td><td>TO</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>3,000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>**********************************************************************************************************************************</td><td>FULL MARKET VALUE</td><td>3,297</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>\n<br><table id='73' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td></td><td>PAGE</td><td></td><td>178</td></tr><tr><td>VALUATION</td><td>DATE-JUL</td><td>01,</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>TAXABLE STATUS</td><td>DATE-MAR</td><td>01,</td><td>2021</td></tr></table>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Considering the USGS quadrangle information and the parcel number, how might one efficiently check both geographical legality and tax data for any changes since the building's initial assessment?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 305, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["tabular reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 3509356, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='11' style='font-size:20px'>DRAFT</header>\n<p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>not been established for the field survey tasks. Rather, an overall budget reserve has<br>been established to cover field surveying needs. Specific field survey tasks will be<br>identified by CONSULTANT and task requests will be submitted in writing.</p>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>4. Terrain Refinement: Bathymetric Survey data collected in Task 3b will be used with the most up<br>to date LiDAR data available to create a defensible digital terrain model (DTM) for hydraulic<br>modeling and mapping purposes.</p>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>5. Hydraulics: A defensible hydraulic model will be developed by the Contractor using the most up to<br>date versions of the US Army Corps of Engineers\u2019 HEC-RAS software. This model will be used to<br>establish new base flood elevations (BFEs), floodplain and floodway mapping, and main channel<br>water surface profiles for the 10-, 2-, 1- and 0.2-percent-annual-chance (%) events (10-, 50-, 100-,<br>and 500-year events). It is anticipated that a basic 2D model will be developed to assess preliminary<br>floodplain hydrodynamics. This 2D model will then be used to inform a 1D model of the study reach.<br>Because the study reach is relatively confined and a new floodway delineation is desired, a 1D model<br>is more conducive to this effort.</p>\n<br><p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>6. Mapping:</p>\n<br><p id='16' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>a. Data Development: Once the modeling is completed in HEC-RAS, the 1% and 0.2% chance<br>water surface elevations will be post-processed in GIS and RAS Mapper to develop the<br>digital floodplain and floodway boundaries, and water surface contours.<br>Floodplain/floodways will then be edited as necessary to correct typical post-processing<br>anomalies. All data will be in NAD 83, State Plane Feet, Nevada West (FIPS 2703) horizontal<br>datum and NAVD 88 vertical datum.</p>\n<br><p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>b. Work Maps: A set of work maps will be developed to accompany the Technical Data<br>Notebook (TDN) for submission to FEMA. These maps will be at a scale of 1\u201d =500\u2019 to be<br>consistent with the current FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps and will include the following<br>information to comply with FEMA\u2019s requirements for a PMR Work Map.</p>\n<br><p id='18' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 Aerial photo background</p>\n<p id='19' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Two-foot contours</p>\n<br><p id='20' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 River centerline alignment</p>\n<br><p id='21' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 Model cross sections with cross section number labeling</p>\n<br><p id='22' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Effective Flood Hazard Zones</p>\n<p id='23' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Proposed Flood Hazard Zones and Floodway</p>\n<p id='24' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Tie-in locations to existing FEMA mapping</p>\n<br><p id='25' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Base Flood Elevations</p>\n<br><p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>c. Annotated FIRMs: Annotated FIRMs will be produced for submission to FEMA per LOMR<br>requirements. These maps will be reproductions of the effective Flood Insurance Rate<br>Maps with the proposed map changes shown. These changes would include: 1% annual<br>chance flood boundaries, BFEs, floodway boundaries, flood zone designations, and<br>modified corporate limits.</p>\n<br><p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>7. Public Outreach:</p>\n<br><p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>a. Public Notification: To comply with federal regulations, it is necessary to inform all<br>landowners who will be affected by the proposed map revisions. Those properties that</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2313787, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='84' style='font-size:20px' alt=\"T\nLMRP Temporary u\nn\nn\nTrail Connector * e\nl\nHill P\nGrierson u al\no\nS\ntr rt\nc\nt\n* e\nu\nr\nLOUISE MCKINNEY\nRIVERFRONT PARK\nNorth Valley\nPrimary Construction\n056 RV\nAccess\nNorth Saskatchewan\nRiver\" data-coord=\"top-left:(91,76); bottom-right:(2468,1252)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='85' style='font-size:20px'>Legend</h1>\n<br><h1 id='86' style='font-size:18px'>Additional Lands</h1>\n<br><p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Natural Communities</p>\n<p id='88' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Undertaken by Project Co</p>\n<br><p id='89' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Lands Involved in Preparatory (Early) Works</p>\n<br><p id='90' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Manitoba Maple (MM)</p>\n<br><p id='91' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Balsam Poplar/Manitoba Maple (PMM) * Indicative Location Only</p>\n<br><p id='92' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Figure 4.3 North Valley Primary Construction Access &<br>LMRP Temporary Trail Connector, Existing Plant Communities</p>\n<p id='93' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Caragana (C)</p>\n<br><p id='94' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Undertaken by City of Edmonton</p>\n<br><p id='95' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Grassland/Shrub (G/S)</p>\n<br><p id='96' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Project Area</p>\n<br><p id='97' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Grassland (G)</p>\n<br><p id='98' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Valley Line LRT Alignment (Reference Design)</p>\n<br><p id='99' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Manicured Communities</p>\n<br><p id='100' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Bylaw 7188 Boundary 0 25 50 100 Meters</p>\n<br><p id='101' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Lawn</p>\n<br><p id='102' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>City of Edmonton LRT Valley Line - Stage 1<br>EISA Update</p>\n<p id='103' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>City of Edmonton River Valley</p>\n<br><p id='104' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Natural Areas (2010) Garden</p>\n<br><p id='105' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>1:1,400</p>\n<br><p id='106' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Pathway/Structure Planted Bed</p>\n<br><p id='107' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Aerial Photograph Date: May 2012<br>Date Map Created: 10 February 2015</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3509352, "type": "text", "content": "DRAFT\n\n\n \n\n# Exhibit A\n\n\n \n\n# Scope of Work\n\n\n \n\n# HDR Churchill County Physical Map Revision Project\n\n\nCWSD is working with Churchill County, NV to remap FEMA regulatory special\nFlood Hazard Zones for \nthe Carson River downstream of Lahontan Dam. There are approximately 29 river\nmiles proposed to be \nupdated. It is anticipated that the following 13 map panels will be modified:\n32001C1368F, 32001C1375, \n32001C1394F, 32001C1411F, 32001C1413F, 32001C1700F, 32001C1706F, 32001C1707F,\n32001C1725F, \n32001C1726F, 32001C1727F, 32001C1731F, and 32001C1732F. Revision to multiple\nmap panels \nclassifies this effort as a Physical Map Revision (PMR).\n\n\n \n\n1\\. Project Management:\n\n\n \n\na. Project Setup: The Contractor will conduct management activities related to\nthe initiation of \nthe project. These activities will include contract initiation, preliminary\nproject review, and \nproject document setup. \nb. Invoicing & Progress Reports: Schedule and budget progress will be reported\nthrough \nsubmission of monthly invoices. Invoices will be accompanied by brief progress\nreports. \nc. Coordination: The Contractor\u2019s Project Manager will work with CWSD to\nfacilitate \nregular communication and transfer of information with the project team.\nChurchill \nCounty Staff will be included in these team meetings as the local community\nmember. \nd. QA/QC: Contractor will conduct internal QA/QC tasks to ensure quality\nproducts are \nbeing delivered.\n\n\n \n\n# 2\\. Data Collection:\n\n\n \n\na. FEMA Data: The Contractor\u2019s Staff will collect the most current effective\nFEMA \ninformation including the Flood Insurance Studies (FIS), Flood Insurance Rate\nMaps \n(FIRM), Letters of Map Revision (LOMR) in the Study Area, Digital National\nFlood Hazard \nLayers (NFHL, and the backup data and work maps for the current FIS). \nb. Hydraulic Structure Record Data: Contractor personnel will collect\navailable as-built \ndrawings and record, as a record drawing, data for hydraulically significant\nstructures \nincluding bridges, roadways, and inline structures for the study area.\n\n\n \n\n3\\. Field Reconnaissance and Survey:\n\n\n \n\na. Field Reconnaissance: In order to better parameterize the hydraulic model,\nContractor \nwill conduct a site visit to take photos, make basic structure measurements,\nand \ndevelop field sketches per FEMA guidance. \nb. Survey: Contractor will subcontract with a local surveyor to survey\nsignificant hydraulic \nstructures and channel cross sections where bathymetric data is not included\nin the \nLiDAR information. There are 16 hydraulically significant structures in the\nstudy reach. \nSurvey methods and accuracy will comply with FEMA Guidance for Flood Risk\nAnalysis \nand Mapping Data Capture \u2013 Workflow Details (Dated February 2018) and Guidance\nfor \nFlood Risk Analysis and Mapping - Elevation Guidance (Dated May 2016). \nc. Assumption: Since all the field survey need are not able to be determined\nat the time of \nthe development for this scope of services, a Time and Materials estimated\nbudget has\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2313740, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='10' style='font-size:18px' alt=\"9\n5\nS\nt\n. Cameron\nTunnel\nLMRP Temporary\nTrail Connector ** Structure\nA v e .\nPortal Ave.\nHill\nJ a s p e r\nGrierson L O U I S E M C K I N N E Y\nPotential Retaining\nWall Anchors\nR I V E R F R O N T P A R K\nNorth Valley North Saskatchewan\nPrimary Construction River\nAccess\nEdmonton Queen\nRiverboat\nWest Project\nHENRIETTA MUIR\nEDWARDS PARK Boundary\nModifications\nat HMEP\nHMEP Entrance\nSt. St.\n9 8 A v e .\n96a 95\nPotential Retaining\nWall Anchors\nMuttart\nAccess Cloverdale\nMUTTART\nRoad CONSERVATORY\nPartial PARK\nRemoval\nC\no Muttart Conservatory GALLAGHER\nn\nn PARK\no Storage Building\nd. s Replacement\nr\nR\na R\nn d Ski Club\no .\nc\nS Infrastructure\nRelocation\nMILL CREEK\nRAVINE PARK\" data-coord=\"top-left:(58,61); bottom-right:(1218,1352)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Legend<br>Additional Lands</p>\n<br><p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Undertaken by Project Co</p>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Excluded Lands</p>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Areas Removed from Project Area</p>\n<br><p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Lands Involved in Preparatory (Early) Works</p>\n<br><p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Undertaken by City of Edmonton</p>\n<br><p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Lands Previously Assessed in 2013 EISA</p>\n<p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>No Lands Change - Undertaken by Project Co</p>\n<br><p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Project Area<br>Valley Line LRT Alignment<br>(Reference Design)<br>Bylaw 7188 Boundary</p>\n<br><p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Figure 2.1a Project Components<br>Assessed in EISA Update<br>City of Edmonton LRT Valley Line - Stage 1<br>EISA Update</p>\n<p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Road Removal/Landscaping<br>Potential Retaining Wall Anchors<br>(Sub-Surface Work Only)</p>\n<br><p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Indicative Location Only</p>\n<br><p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'></p>\n<br><figure><img id='24' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"0 25 50 100 Meters\n1:5,500\" data-coord=\"top-left:(710,1465); bottom-right:(859,1604)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Aerial Photograph Date: May 2012<br>Date Map Created: 10 February 2015</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2313742, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='48' style='font-size:20px' alt=\"048 RV\nHENRIETTA MUIR\nEDWARDS PARK West Project\nBoundary\nModifications\nat HMEP\nHMEP Entrance\n9 8 A v e .\nPotential Retaining\nWall Anchors\nSt.\n96a St.\n95\" data-coord=\"top-left:(91,72); bottom-right:(2464,1237)\" /></figure>\n<p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Legend<br>Additional Lands<br>Undertaken by Project Co<br>Excluded Lands</p>\n<br><p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Lands Involved in Preparatory (Early) Works</p>\n<br><p id='51' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Indicative Location Only</p>\n<p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Lands Previously Assessed in 2013 EISA</p>\n<br><p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Undertaken by City of Edmonton </p>\n<br><p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Project Area</p>\n<br><p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Areas Removed from Project Area</p>\n<br><p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Valley Line LRT Alignment</p>\n<br><p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>No Lands Change - Undertaken by Project Co</p>\n<br><p id='58' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(Reference Design)</p>\n<p id='59' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Road Removal/Landscaping<br>Potential Retaining Wall Anchors<br>(Sub-Surface Work Only)</p>\n<br><p id='60' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Portal Access Route</p>\n<br><p id='61' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Bylaw 7188 Boundary<br>City of Edmonton River Valley<br>Natural Areas (2010)</p>\n<br><p id='62' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>0 50 100 200 Meters</p>\n<p id='63' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>1:2,100</p>\n<br><p id='64' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Figure 2.1c Project Components<br>Assessed in EISA Update</p>\n<br><p id='65' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>City of Edmonton LRT Valley Line - Stage 1<br>EISA Update</p>\n<p id='66' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Aerial Photograph Date: May 2012<br>Date Map Created: 10 February 2015</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2313570, "type": "text", "content": "Spencer Environmental\n\n\n# 4.0 NORTH VALLEY PRIMARY CONSTRUCTION ACCESS\n\n\n \n\n# 4.1 Context\n\n\n \n\nThe proposed primary construction access road for all north valley\nconstruction activity \nwill be temporary in nature but in place for the duration of construction in\nthe north \nvalley, estimated at five years. The proposed access road will support high\nvolumes of \ntraffic during select construction activities, for periods lasting many days.\nThe route will \nfollow the corridor shown in Figure 2.1b and Plate 2.2. Project Co will be\nrequired to \ndesign and construct the access road to the standard needed to carry out the\nwork safely \nand without adversely affecting slope stability in the park. Project Co is\nexpected to \nupgrade the SUP portion of the route to accommodate two-way construction\ntraffic. At \nthis stage, the City has not ruled out the need for Project Co to widen the\nexisting \nmaintenance vehicle road leading from Grierson Hill. While in use for Valley\nLine \nconstruction, that road must also remain available to others for servicing of\nthe facilities \nat the Riverfront Plaza. The access route may not be used for general\nconstruction \npurposes.\n\n\n# 4.2 Assessment Methods\n\n\n \n\nAs this project component was not assessed in 2013 and involves a significant\nboundary \nadjustment, the VECs selected for this assessment are very similar to those\nincluded in \nthe 2013 EISA (Table 4.1).\n\n\nT he spatial boundaries, or study area, for this assessment, are shown in\nFigure 2.1b. The \nassessment recognizes that project access routes will extend beyond these\nboundaries \nalong established City roads, but this aspect was not covered in the\nassessment. For a \nselect few VECs the study area was expanded. Expansions are noted in VEC-\nspecific \nsections.\n\n\n# S pecific studies undertaken for this assessment in 2014 included the\nfollowing:\n\n\n\uf0b7 Reconnaissance-level site inspections on 20 June and 15 September 2014, \nfocusing on general vegetative characteristics. \n\uf0b7 A rare plant survey on 07 July 2014. \n\uf0b7 Breeding bird surveys on 17 and 27 June 2014. \n\uf0b7 Site-specific geotechnical and slope stability assessment of lands traversed\nby the \nproposed road (Thurber Engineering 2014) (Full report provided in Appendix B).\n\n\nFebruary 2015\n\n\n \nValley Line-Stage 1 LRT \u2013 EISA Update FINAL REPORT\n\n\n \nPage 46\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1176649, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>control measures and maintenance requirements for each location where the Project would<br>parallel and remove vegetation within 15 feet of a waterbody. (section 4.3.2.2)</p>\n<br><p id='48' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>16. Prior to construction, Mountain Valley shall file with the Secretary, for review and<br>written approval by the Director of OEP, its final list of water sources to be used for the<br>Project (dust control, hydrostatic testing, and HDD operations), including intake location,<br>waterbody name, withdrawal rate and method, and measures to minimize entrainment of<br>aquatic species. Mountain Valley shall also provide written concurrence from the FWS for<br>any water withdrawals from the Dan River. (section 4.3.2.6)</p>\n<br><p id='49' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>17. During construction and prior to any Project in-service approval, Mountain Valley<br>shall remove and dispose of timber and debris from the right-of-way. Mountain Valley<br>must ensure that any beneficial reuse of timber that is not removed and remains on or<br>adjacent to the right-of-way, as agreed to by the landowner, is located at access points<br>where the landowner can reasonably retrieve timber without any inadvertent impacts on<br>the restored right-of-way, in accordance with the FERC Upland Erosion Control,<br>Revegetation, and Maintenance Plan, section III.E. (section 4.5.4.1)</p>\n<br><p id='50' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>18. In order to identify locations where additional protection measures will be needed, and to<br>inform compliance monitoring, Mountain Valley shall file with the Secretary, the results<br>of the pre-construction bald eagle nest and colonial rookery surveys prior to construction.<br>(section 4.6.3.6)</p>\n<br><p id='51' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>19. Mountain Valley shall not begin construction activities until:</p>\n<br><p id='52' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>a. Mountain Valley files with the Secretary the results of all outstanding biological<br>surveys;</p>\n<br><p id='53' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>b. the staff completes ESA consultation with the FWS; and</p>\n<br><p id='54' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>c. Mountain Valley has received written notification from the Director of OEP that<br>construction or use of mitigation may begin. (section 4.7.6)</p>\n<br><p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>20. Mountain Valley shall not begin construction of facilities and/or use of all staging, storage,<br>or temporary work areas and new or to-be-improved access roads until:</p>\n<p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>a. Mountain Valley files with the Secretary:</p>\n<br><p id='57' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>i. remaining cultural resources survey reports;<br>ii. site evaluation reports and avoidance or treatment plans, as required; and<br>iii. comments on the cultural resources reports and plans from the Virginia and<br>North Carolina SHPOs and interested Indian tribes.</p>\n<br><p id='58' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>b. The ACHP is afforded an opportunity to comment if historic properties would be<br>adversely affected; and</p>\n<br><p id='59' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>c. The FERC staff reviews and the Director of OEP approves the cultural resources<br>reports and plans, and notifies Mountain Valley in writing that treatment<br>plans/mitigation measures (including archaeological data recovery) may be<br>implemented and/or construction may proceed.</p>\n<footer id='60' style='font-size:14px'>Conclusions and Recommendations</footer>\n<br><footer id='61' style='font-size:14px'>5-20</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2313734, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='44' style='font-size:20px' alt=\"1 0 2 A v e .\n9\n5\nS\nt\n.\nRiver Valley\nCrossing\nConnors\n95 Ave.\nRd.\n85\nSt.\n82 Ave./Whyte Ave.\n83\nSt.\nd.\nR\nyll\nArg\n75\nSt.\nWhitemud Dr.\n6\n6\nS\nt\n.\n34 Ave.\n28 Ave.\" data-coord=\"top-left:(79,102); bottom-right:(1564,2164)\" /></figure>\n<h1 id='45' style='font-size:20px'>Legend</h1>\n<br><p id='46' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Valley Line LRT Alignment (Reference Design)</p>\n<br><p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Bylaw 7188 Boundary</p>\n<br><figure><img id='48' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"0 250 500 1,000 Meters\n1:30,400\" data-coord=\"top-left:(691,2278); bottom-right:(976,2463)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Figure 1.1 Valley Line Stage 1 Location<br>City of Edmonton LRT Valley Line - Stage 1<br>EISA Update</p>\n<p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Aerial Photograph Date: May 2012<br>Date Map Created: 10 February 2015</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 29961, "type": "text", "content": "# (PREVIEW)\n\n\nIS 15686 : 2006\n\n\n \n\n# Indian Standard\n\n\n# RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PREPARATION OF \nGEOLOGICAL AND GEOTECHNICAL MAPS FOR \nRIVER VALLEY PROJECTS\n\n\n1 SCOPE\n\n\nT his standard gives the guidelines for preparation of format and method of\npresentation of geological and \ngeotechnical maps and their scales for river valley projects required for\nvarious stages of investigation, \nnamely, reconnaissance or pre-feasibility, preliminary investigation or\nfeasibility, detailed investigation or \ndetailed project report (DPR) and construction.\n\n\n2 REFERENCES\n\n\nT he following standards contain provisions, which through reference in this\ntext, constitute provisions of \nthis standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid.\nAll standards are subject to \nrevision and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to\ninvestigate the possibility of \napplying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below:\n\n\nIS No.\n\n\n \n\nTitle\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2313825, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='70' style='font-size:14px'>Spencer Environmental</header>\n<p id='71' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>a Valley Line risk management strategy for soil and groundwater contamination in this<br>area, and is consulting with the Province. Project Co will comply with any resulting<br>provincial requirements.</p>\n<h1 id='72' style='font-size:18px'>W ill construction of the access road lead to surface erosion?</h1>\n<br><p id='73' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Construction and operation of the proposed primary construction access road has the<br>potential to interact with surface water from precipitation and snow melt. As identified in<br>the 2013 EISA and carried forward into the Project Agreement, Project Co will be<br>required to develop an EMS and an associated ECO Plan and ESC Plan. The ESC Plan<br>will conform to the City of Edmonton Erosion and Sedimentation Control Guidelines and<br>Erosion and Sedimentation Control Field Manual and must provide for measures<br>commensurate with the sensitivities of the site conditions a location within the landscape.</p>\n<p id='74' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>D oes contaminated groundwater occur within the project component area?<br>Yes.</p>\n<br><p id='75' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Could construction access route activities result in mobilization of contaminants or<br>contaminated groundwater?</p>\n<br><p id='76' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Not likely. Project-wide mitigation measures developed for the Valley Line LRT project<br>require Project Co to abide by all environmental laws and include specific protocols and<br>other requirements to ensure suitable handling of contaminated groundwater and no<br>exacerbation of contamination within the park. All project-wide mitigation measures<br>developed to this end are now included in the Project Agreement and will be applied to<br>any activities associated with the construction access road. In addition, the City is<br>undertaking a groundwater monitoring program at the former Grierson Hill landfill in the<br>vicinity of the Valley Line permanent infrastructure and will be developing a risk<br>management strategy for soil and groundwater contamination and consulting with the<br>Province. Project Co will have to comply with any resulting requirements.</p>\n<p id='77' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>D o construction access road activities have the potential to affect rare, threatened or<br>endangered plants or plant communities?</p>\n<br><p id='78' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>No. No rare, threatened or endangered plants or plant communities are present within the<br>project component area.</p>\n<h1 id='79' style='font-size:18px'>W ill vegetation in recognized Natural Areas be affected?</h1>\n<br><p id='80' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Possibly. Such an impact would occur only if it is determined that the existing<br>maintenance vehicle access road into LMRP would require widening/upgrading to<br>support construction vehicle access. Clearing would be contingent on the results of the<br>City\u2019s geotechnical assessment for the portion of the access route situated at the existing<br>maintenance road. In a worst case scenario, this would result in the disturbance of up to<br>approximately 1,036 m2 (or approximately 1.5%) of Natural Area 056 RV. If Project Co<br>determines that such a widening/upgrading required and if geotechnical assessments<br>undertaken by the City support such works, Project Co will adhere to the requirements<br>governing native forest restoration in the river valley noted in the Project Agreement for<br>any clearing of the MM or PMM communities. Establishment of Manitoba maple will<br>not be an acceptable part of restoration. All plans will be subject to approval by the City.</p>\n<footer id='81' style='font-size:14px'>February 2015</footer>\n<br><footer id='82' style='font-size:14px'>Valley Line-Stage 1 LRT \u2013 EISA Update FINAL REPORT</footer>\n<br><footer id='83' style='font-size:14px'>Page 92</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	If a river valley project progresses through all stages mentioned in the standard, how many stages of investigation maps are required?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 310, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["numerical reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 2985038, "type": "text", "content": "(iii) the information comprises matters of supposition or is insufficiently\ndefinite to \nwarrant disclosure;\n\n\n \n\n(iv) the information is generated for the internal management purposes of the \nentity; or\n\n\n \n\n(v) the information is a trade secret; and\n\n\n \n\n(b) the information is confidential and ASX has not formed the view that the\ninformation \nhas ceased to be confidential; and\n\n\n \n\n(c) a reasonable person would not expect the information to be disclosed.\n\n\n \n\n# 2.3\n\n\n \n\n(a) Information is considered material if there is a substantial probability\nthat the \ninformation would influence investors in deciding whether to invest in or\ndivest the \nguidance will not be provided to select groups of market participants where\nthis has \nnot been released to the market in general.\n\n\n(b) Whether information is material and required to be disclosed is an\nobjective test and \nthe fact that an officer of the Company may honestly believe that information\nis not \nmaterial will not avoid a breach of ASX Listing Rule 3.1 if that view is\nultimately found \nto be incorrect.\n\n\n \n\n# 2.4\n\n\n \n\nThe Company is deemed to have become aware of information where a Director or\nexecutive \nofficer has, or ought to have, come into possession of the information in the\ncourse of \nperformance of his or her duties as a Director or executive officer.\n\n\n \n\n# 2.5\n\n\n \n\nThe requirement in ASX Listing Rule 3.1 to disclose information to the ASX\nimmediately does \ncan be done in the circumstances and not deferring, postponing or putting it\noff for a later \ntime.\n\n\n \n\n# 2.6 Correct or prevent a false market\n\n\n \n\nThe Company is also required, under ASX Listing Rule 3.1B, to disclose\ninformation if asked \nto do so by the ASX, to correct or prevent a false market\n\n\n# 3\\. Communication protocols\n\n\n3.1 Reporting of material a false market\n\n\n \n\n(a) The Company's protocol in relation to the review and release of ASX\nannouncements \n(and media releases) is as follows:\n\n\n \n\n(i) information is determined by the Board, Company Secretary or other \nemployee of the Company as being of a type or nature that may warrant \ndisclosure to the ASX;\n\n\n \n\n(ii) if not known by the MD (or person in an equivalent role), all information\nshould\n\n\n35\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2517235, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='9' style='font-size:14px'>20 May 2021</h1>\n<p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Ms Nicola Mullen<br>Adviser, Listings Compliance<br>ASX Compliance Pty Ltd<br>Level 40, Central Park, 152-158 St Georges Terrace<br>Perth WA 6000</p>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>By email: tradinghaltsperth@asx.com.au</p>\n<h1 id='12' style='font-size:14px'>Dear Ms Mullen</h1>\n<h1 id='13' style='font-size:14px'>VOLUNTARY SUSPENSION</h1>\n<p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Manas Resources Limited (\u201cthe Company\u201d) seeks a voluntary suspension to the quotation of its securities. The<br>Company is not yet in a position to release an announcement to ASX regarding acquisition of new mineral<br>projects and a capital raising.</p>\n<p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The Company expects to be in a position to make an announcement before commencement of trading on<br>Monday, 24 May 2021 and is not aware of any reason why a voluntary suspension should not be granted.</p>\n<p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>This voluntary suspension request was approved and authorised by the Board of Directors.</p>\n<h1 id='17' style='font-size:14px'>Yours sincerely</h1>\n<p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Susmit Shah<br>Company Secretary</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 761184, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='12' style='font-size:18px'>only<br>use<br>personal<br>For</header>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(b) Can an announcement be made immediately? Please note, if the answer to this question is<br>\u201cno\u201d, you need to contact us immediately to discuss requesting a trading halt (see below).</p>\n<p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>See 1. above.</p>\n<p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(c) If an announcement cannot be made immediately, why not and when is it expected that an<br>announcement will be made?</p>\n<p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>N/A</p>\n<p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>3 . If the answer to question 1 is \u201cno\u201d, is there any other explanation that SKN may have for the<br>recent trading in its securities?</p>\n<p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Other than the announcement made as set out in 1. above SKN is not aware of any other<br>information that may explain the recent trading in its securities.</p>\n<p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>4 . Please confirm that SKN is complying with the Listing Rules and, in particular, Listing Rule 3.1.</p>\n<p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>We confirm that SKN is complying with the Listing Rules and, in particular, Listing Rule 3.1.</p>\n<p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>5 . Please confirm that SKN\u2019s responses to the questions above have been authorised and<br>approved under its published continuous disclosure policy or otherwise by its board or an<br>officer of SKN with delegated authority from the board to respond to ASX on disclosure<br>matters.</p>\n<p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>We confirm that SKN\u2019s responses to the questions above have been authorised and approved<br>by the Board of Directors under its published continuous disclosure policy.</p>\n<p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Y ours sincerely</p>\n<p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>C raig Piercy<br>Company Secretary</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2985042, "type": "text", "content": "sensitive information may have leaked or ceased to be confidential, in which\ncase, \nthe Company Secretary shall notify the MD to consider whether a trading halt\nis \nrequired in order to maintain an orderly market until such time as an\nannouncement \ncan be released by the Company.\n\n\n \n\n# 4.7 Breach of this Policy\n\n\n \n\n(a) All Directors, officers and employees mus \nobligations and this Policy.\n\n\n \n\n(b) Breaches of this Policy will be subject to disciplinary action, which may\ninclude \ntermination of employment.\n\n\n \n\n# 4.8 Review\n\n\n \n\nThis Policy will be periodically reviewed by the Board to check that it is\noperating effectively \nand whether any changes are required to this Policy.\n\n\n39\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1218473, "type": "text", "content": "We may require the request for a trading halt to be in writing. The trading\nhalt cannot extend past the \ncommencement of normal trading on the second day after the day on which it is\ngranted.\n\n\n \n\nYou can find further information about trading halts in Guidance Note 16\nTrading Halts & Voluntary \nSuspensions.\n\n\n \n\nPlease contact me if you have any queries about the above.\n\n\n \n\n# Yours sincerely\n\n\n# [sent electronically without signature]\n\n\n# Elizabeth Harris \nPrincipal Adviser, ASX Listings Compliance\n\n\n \nonly \nuse \npersonal \nFor\n\n\nPage 6 of 6\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2987183, "type": "text", "content": "Micro-X Board Approved 25 November 2015\n\n\n(a) one or more of the following applies:\n\n\n \n\n(i) it would be a breach of the law to disclose the information; \n(ii) the information concerns an incomplete proposal or negotiation; \n(iii) the information comprises matters of supposition or is insufficiently\ndefinite to \nwarrant disclosure; \n(iv) the information is generated for internal management purposes; or \n(v) the information is a trade secret; \nthe information is confidential and ASX has not formed the view that the\ninformation has \nceased to be confidential; and\n\n\n \n\n(b)\n\n\n(c) a reasonable person would not expect the information to be disclosed.\n\n\n \n\n8.2 When the Company is relying on an exception to Listing Rule 3.1, or is\ninvolved in a \ndevelopment that may eventually require reliance on an exception, appropriate\nconfidentiality \nprotocols must be adhered to. A leak of confidential information will\nimmediately deny the \nCompany the ability to withhold the information from the ASX and force the\nCompany to make a \n'premature' announcement.\n\n\n \n\n9\\. False markets, market speculation and rumours\n\n\n \n\n9.1 Market speculation and rumours, whether substantiated or not, have the\npotential to impact \nCompany Securities. Speculation may also contain factual errors that could\nmaterially affect \nCompany Securities.\n\n\n \n\n9.2 The CEO will monitor movements in the price or trading activity of Company\nSecurities to \nidentify circumstances in which a false market may have emerged in Company\nSecurities.\n\n\n \n\n9.3 If ASX asks the Company to give it information to correct or prevent a\nfalse market, the \nDisclosure Officer is responsible for giving the information to ASX after\nfollowing the procedure \nin paragraph 6.\n\n\n \n\n9.4 The Company's general policy is that it does not respond to market\nspeculation or rumours. \nHowever, the Disclosure Committee or the Board (as applicable) may decide to\nmake a statement \nin response to market speculation or rumours if:\n\n\n \n\n(a) they consider that the Company is obliged at that time to make a statement\nto the market \nabout a particular matter;\n\n\n \n\n(b) consider it prudent in order to prevent or correct a false market\noccurring in Company \nSecurities; or\n\n\n \n\n(c) ASX asks for information.\n\n\n \n\n10\\. Public release of disclosed information\n\n\n \n\n10.1 The Company will publicly release all information disclosed to ASX under\nthis policy by placing \nit on its website.\n\n\n \n\n10.2 The Disclosure Officer be provided with confirmation from ASX that the\ninformation has been \nreleased to the market, before publicly discussing or otherwise publishing the\ninformation.\n\n\n \n\n# 11\\. Trading halts\n\n\n \n\n11.1 The Company may ask ASX to halt trading in Company Securities to:\n\n\nM E_124661292_1 (W2007)\n\n\n \nContinuous disclosure policy \| page 6\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 53463, "type": "text", "content": "# 29 June 2021\n\n\nM r Alex Sutton \nAdvisor, Listings Compliance, \nASX Compliance Pty Limited, \n20 Bridge Street, \nSydney, NSW 2000\n\n\n# D ear Alex,\n\n\nREQUEST FOR TRADING HALT \u2013 ANDROMEDA METALS LIMITED (ASX : ADN)\n\n\nI n accordance with ASX Listing Rule 17.1, we request an immediate trading\nhalt in the Company\u2019s \nsecurities pending an announcement in respect to a capital raising.\n\n\nT he Company requests that the trading halt end on the earlier of the\ncommencement of normal trading \non Thursday 1 July 2021, or when the anticipated announcement referred to\nabove is released to the \nmarket.\n\n\nT he Company is not aware of any reason why the trading halt should not be\ngranted, nor of any other \ninformation necessary to inform the market about the trading halt.\n\n\n# Y ours sincerely\n\n\nN ick Harding \nExecutive Director and Company Secretary\n\n\n \nonly \nuse \npersonal \nFor\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 53462, "type": "text", "content": "only \nuse \npersonal \nFor\n\n\n \n\n# Market Announcement\n\n\n \n\n# 29 June 2021\n\n\n# Andromeda Metals Limited (ASX: ADN) \u2013 Trading Halt\n\n\n \n\n# Description\n\n\n \n\nThe securities of Andromeda Metals Limited (\u2018ADN\u2019) will be placed in trading\nhalt at the request of ADN, \npending it releasing an announcement. Unless ASX decides otherwise, the\nsecurities will remain in trading halt \nuntil the earlier of the commencement of normal trading on Thursday, 1 July\n2021 or when the announcement \nis released to the market.\n\n\n \n\n# Issued by\n\n\n \n\nAlex Sutton \nCompliance Adviser, Geology, Listings Compliance (Sydney)\n\n\n29 June 2021 \nASX Limited\n\n\n \nMarket Announcement 1/1 \nASX Customer Service Centre 131 279 \| asx.com.au\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2985046, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='57' style='font-size:18px'>3.3 Distribution of information</h1>\n<br><p id='58' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>(a) All information released to the ASX will be promptly pl<br>within 24 hours.</p>\n<br><p id='59' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>(b) Any substantive written material or presentations made to institutions, stockbrokers<br>or shareholders, which do not contain material information, will be placed on the<br>ons and will be sent to ASX.</p>\n<br><h1 id='60' style='font-size:18px'>3.4 Management responsibilities</h1>\n<br><p id='61' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>(a)<br>Policy. Employees or contractors must disclose any information which comes to their<br>attention and is believed to potentially be material to the Company Secretary or MD.</p>\n<br><p id='62' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>(b)<br>to external parties on any matters which may be material to the Company.</p>\n<br><h1 id='63' style='font-size:18px'>3.5 Trading halts</h1>\n<p id='64' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The Company may request a tradi<br>securities. The Company Secretary will manage the process in consultation with the Chair,<br>MD and Directors as required.</p>\n<h1 id='65' style='font-size:20px'>4. Contact with the market</h1>\n<h1 id='66' style='font-size:18px'>4.1 General</h1>\n<p id='67' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>(a) Key executives interact regularly with the market<br>number of ways, including briefings, market announcements, regular updates on<br>industry issues, one-on-one briefings, meetings and educational sessions.</p>\n<br><p id='68' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>(b) In addition, the Company occasionally provides background and technical information<br>to institutional investors and stockbroking analysts to support announcements made<br>-going business activities.</p>\n<br><p id='69' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>(c) At all times when interacting with external individuals, investors, stockbroking analysts<br>and market participants, the representatives of the Company should adhere to the<br>guiding principles set out in this Policy.</p>\n<br><p id='70' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>4.2 Open briefings to institutional investors and stockbroking analysts</p>\n<br><p id='71' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>(a) The Company may hold open briefings (i.e. where all members of a relevant group<br>are invited) with shareholders, investors and/or stockbroking analysts to discuss<br>information that has been released to the market.</p>\n<p id='72' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>(b) Representatives of the Company are under the obligation of this Policy and should<br>not disclose any material price sensitive information that has not been announced to<br>the market generally.</p>\n<br><p id='73' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>(c) With regards to open briefings, the Company will place any written briefing and<br>presentation materials onto its website at the conclusion of the briefing, and for the<br>purposes of this</p>\n<footer id='74' style='font-size:14px'>37</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2987193, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='84' style='font-size:18px'>Micro-X Board Approved 25 November 2015</header>\n<p id='85' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(a) one or more of the following applies:</p>\n<br><p id='86' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>(i) it would be a breach of the law to disclose the information;<br>(ii) the information concerns an incomplete proposal or negotiation;<br>(iii) the information comprises matters of supposition or is insufficiently definite to<br>warrant disclosure;<br>(iv) the information is generated for internal management purposes; or<br>(v) the information is a trade secret;<br>the information is confidential and ASX has not formed the view that the information has<br>ceased to be confidential; and</p>\n<br><p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(b)</p>\n<p id='88' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>(c) a reasonable person would not expect the information to be disclosed.</p>\n<br><p id='89' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>8.2 When the Company is relying on an exception to Listing Rule 3.1, or is involved in a<br>development that may eventually require reliance on an exception, appropriate confidentiality<br>protocols must be adhered to. A leak of confidential information will immediately deny the<br>Company the ability to withhold the information from the ASX and force the Company to make a<br>'premature' announcement.</p>\n<br><p id='90' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>9. False markets, market speculation and rumours</p>\n<br><p id='91' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>9.1 Market speculation and rumours, whether substantiated or not, have the potential to impact<br>Company Securities. Speculation may also contain factual errors that could materially affect<br>Company Securities.</p>\n<br><p id='92' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>9.2 The CEO will monitor movements in the price or trading activity of Company Securities to<br>identify circumstances in which a false market may have emerged in Company Securities.</p>\n<br><p id='93' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>9.3 If ASX asks the Company to give it information to correct or prevent a false market, the<br>Disclosure Officer is responsible for giving the information to ASX after following the procedure<br>in paragraph 6.</p>\n<br><p id='94' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>9.4 The Company's general policy is that it does not respond to market speculation or rumours.<br>However, the Disclosure Committee or the Board (as applicable) may decide to make a statement<br>in response to market speculation or rumours if:</p>\n<br><p id='95' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>(a) they consider that the Company is obliged at that time to make a statement to the market<br>about a particular matter;</p>\n<br><p id='96' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>(b) consider it prudent in order to prevent or correct a false market occurring in Company<br>Securities; or</p>\n<br><p id='97' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>(c) ASX asks for information.</p>\n<br><p id='98' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>10. Public release of disclosed information</p>\n<br><p id='99' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>10.1 The Company will publicly release all information disclosed to ASX under this policy by placing<br>it on its website.</p>\n<br><p id='100' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>10.2 The Disclosure Officer be provided with confirmation from ASX that the information has been<br>released to the market, before publicly discussing or otherwise publishing the information.</p>\n<br><h1 id='101' style='font-size:20px'>11. Trading halts</h1>\n<br><p id='102' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>11.1 The Company may ask ASX to halt trading in Company Securities to:</p>\n<footer id='103' style='font-size:14px'>M E_124661292_1 (W2007)</footer>\n<br><footer id='104' style='font-size:16px'>Continuous disclosure policy \| page 6</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Considering the role of Nick Harding as the Executive Director and Company Secretary, what responsibilities might he hold in relation to communicating the trading halt to the market?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 313, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 1836605, "type": "text", "content": "Sample Chapter\n\n\n# 1.3. Procedure \n1.3.1. Sample Section \n1.3.1.1. Sample Section \n1.3.1.1.1. Sample Section\n\n\n \n\n1.3.1.1.1.1. Sample Section \u2014 I also want to make sure word-wrap is handled\ncorrectly as well, so I have \n1.3.1.1.1.2. Sample Section \ncreated a long section title to check for this. \n1.3.1.1.1.3. Sample Section \n1.3.1.1.2. Sample Section Section \u2014 I also want to make sure word-wrap is\nhandled correctly as well, so I have \n1.3.1.1.2.1. Sample \n1.3.1.1.2.2. Sample Section \ncreated a long section title to check for this. \n1.3.1.1.2.3. Sample Section \n1.3.1.1.3. Sample Section \n1.3.1.1.3.1. Sample Section \u2014 I also want to make sure word-wrap is handled\ncorrectly as well, so I have \n1.3.1.1.3.2. Sample Section \ncreated a long section title to check for this. \n1.3.1.1.3.3. Sample Section \n1.3.1.2. Sample Section \n1.3.1.2.1. Sample Section \n1.3.1.2.1.1. Sample Section \u2014 I also want to make sure word-wrap is handled\ncorrectly as well, so I have \n1.3.1.2.1.2. Sample Section \ncreated a long section title to check for this. \n1.3.1.2.1.3. Sample Section \n1.3.1.2.2. Sample Section Section \u2014 I also want to make sure word-wrap is\nhandled correctly as well, so I have \n1.3.1.2.2.1. Sample \n1.3.1.2.2.2. Sample Section \ncreated a long section title to check for this. \n1.3.1.2.2.3. Sample Section \n1.3.1.2.3. Sample Section \n1.3.1.2.3.1. Sample Section \u2014 I also want to make sure word-wrap is handled\ncorrectly as well, so I have \n1.3.1.2.3.2. Sample Section \ncreated a long section title to check for this. \n1.3.1.2.3.3. Sample Section \n1.3.1.3. Sample Section \n1.3.1.3.1. Sample Section \n1.3.1.3.1.1. Sample Section \u2014 I also want to make sure word-wrap is handled\ncorrectly as well, so I have \n1.3.1.3.1.2. Sample Section \ncreated a long section title to check for this. \n1.3.1.3.1.3. Sample Section \n1.3.1.3.2. Sample Section \n1.3.1.3.2.1. Sample Section \u2014 I also want to make sure word-wrap is handled\ncorrectly as well, so I have \n1.3.1.3.2.2. Sample Section \ncreated a long section title to check for this. \n1.3.1.3.2.3. Sample Section \n1.3.1.3.3. Sample Section Section \u2014 I also want to make sure word-wrap is\nhandled correctly as well, so I have \n1.3.1.3.3.1. Sample \n1.3.1.3.3.2. Sample Section \ncreated a long section title to check for this. \n1.3.1.3.3.3. Sample Section\n\n\n \n\n1.3.2. Sample Section \n1.3.2.1. Sample Section \n1.3.2.1.1. Sample Section \n1.3.2.1.1.1. Sample Section \u2014 I also want \n1.3.2.1.1.2. Sample Section\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 201104, "type": "text", "content": "0 80 ft\n\n\n \n\nM ARCH 22 nd - 2021 \n\u00a9 2021, 5G STUDIO COLL ABOR ATIVE \nALL RIGHTS RESERVED \n5 G S T U D I O . C O M\n\n\n \nSAP PHIR E BAY \nROOFTOP LEVEL \nB O U T I Q U E H O T E L & O F F I C E \nR O W L E T T \| T X\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1603405, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>ENGINEER</p>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>CIVIL</p>\n<p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>36\")</p>\n<br><p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>X</p>\n<br><p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>(24\"</p>\n<br><p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>LAYOUT</p>\n<br><p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>D</p>\n<br><p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>STANDARD</p>\n<br><figure><img id='20' style='font-size:16px' alt=\"K E Y N O T E S\n1 EXISTING STANDING SEAM ROOFING TO APP'D\nREMAIN UNALTERED\nFTEV 12-1164-A FTEV 12-1164-B\n2 SINGLE PLY MEMRANE ROOFING SYSTEM;\nSEE 1/A13 FOR TYPICAL ROOF COMPOSITION\n3 OSHA - COMPLIANT SAFETY GUARDRAIL; SEE\n14 11/A13\n2\n4 ROOF CRICKET FORMED WITH TAPERED\nA 9\nRIGID INSULATION DESCRIPTION\n5 PROVIDE END DAM TO EXISTING INTEGRAL\nGUTTER SYSTEM; CONTRACTOR TO\nCOORDINATE WITH EXISTING CONDITIONS TO\n12 PROVIDE FLASHING, FASTENERS, SUPPORT,\nAND SEALANT AS REQUIRED TO PROVIDE\nWATER TIGHT TERMINATION OF EXISTING\nINTEGRAL GUTTER SYSTEM. SEE PARTIAL\nROOF DEMOLITION PLAN 1/D2\nRD\n6 SUPPLY FAN; SEE MECHANICAL\nVTR\n7 NEW ROOFTOP MOUNTED EXHAUST FAN AT\nOD DATE\nEXISTING ROOF PENETRATION; SEE\n4\nMECHANICAL\n8 CAP AND SEAL WEATHERTIGHT EXISTING\nROOF CURB WHERE EXHAUST FAN WAS #\nREMOVED; SEE MECHANICAL AND 9/A13 REV\n9 EXISTING EQUIPMENT PEDESTAL/PLATFORM\nTO REMAIN AFTER REMOVAL OF ROOFTOP\nMOUNTED EQUIPMENT\n10 NEW ROOFTOP MOUNTED EXHAUST FAN AND\nCURB; SEE MECHANICAL AND STRUCTURAL\n11 DRYER EXHAUST VENT; SEE MECHANICAL\nAND 5/A14 ENGINEER\n12 REINSTALL SALVAGED CCTV CAMERA; SEE\nTELECOM APPROVED CHIEF APPROVED\n13 EXHAUST FAN; SEE MECHANICAL\n14 TOP OF NEW PARAPET TO BE SET SUCH THAT\n15 THE METAL COPING CAP ELVATION IS TO\nMATCH EXISTING COPING CAP FLASHING AT DEVELOPMENT 90353 PLAN\n2 1 1\nINTEGRAL GUTTER CENTER\n15 EDGE OF EXISTING ROOF; PROTECT AND\nRETAIN GUTTER COUNTERFLASHING FOR\nRE-USE; SEE 3/A13\n16 ABANDONED DUCT SUPPORT TO REMAIN\n17\n3 DEVELOPMENT CHILD BLDG. ROOF\n1 RD SLOPE VTR\nA 9\nWORK\nOD 13\nCHILD REPAIR CENTER NEW\n&\nADAL BLDG.\nVTR\n7\nL E G E N D SQUADRON\n3 SPECIAL COMMAND\nA13 RD ROOF DRAIN; SEE PLUMBING\nENGINEER FLORIDA\nOVERFLOW DRAIN; SET INLET 2''\nOD\nRD ABOVE ADJACENT ROOF DRAIN;\n10\nTURN DOWNSPOUT TO DRAIN AT\nFASCIA; SEE 10/A13; SEE PLUMBING FIELD,\nOPERATIONS HURLBURT\nOD 8 FORCE OPERATIONS\nVTR VENT THRU ROOF; SEE PLUMBING\n4 9\nAIR SPECIAL\n15\n6 1\n1 1\n16 A\nD\nN\nM\nM\nCO\nS\nN\nTIO\nA\nER\nP\nO\nL\nA\nI\nSPEC\nE\nC\nR\nOF\nIA R\n17 DATE:\n16 SEPT 2016\nDESIGNED BY:\nB. KICKLITER\nVTR DRAWN BY:\nOD M. BURCH\nBUILDING NO:\nRD 90353\nPROJECT NO:\n11\nFTEV 12-1164\nTYP OF (4)\nSHEET REF:\n1414 A7\nSHEET NO:\nTRUE PROJECT 1 PARTIAL ROOF PLAN 4' 2' 0' 4' 8' 27 of 110\nNORTH NORTH\nA7 1/4' = 1'-0'\" data-coord=\"top-left:(220,69); bottom-right:(5280,3560)\" /></figure>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2052512, "type": "html", "content": "<table id='28' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>SHEET NUMBER</td><td>SHEET TITLE</td><td>SHEET #</td><td>DATE</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ARCHITECTURAL</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>G-000</td><td>COVER SHEET</td><td></td><td>5.31.19</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>A-101</td><td>ROOF PLAN</td><td></td><td>5.31.19</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>A-201</td><td>BUILDING ELEVATIONS</td><td></td><td>5.31.19</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>A-202</td><td>BUILDING ELEVATIONS</td><td></td><td>5.31.19</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>A-203</td><td>BUILDING ELEVATIONS</td><td></td><td>5.31.19</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>A-204</td><td>BUILDING ELEVATIONS</td><td></td><td>5.31.19</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>A-301</td><td>BUILDING SECTIONS</td><td></td><td>5.31.19</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>A-302</td><td>BUILDING SECTIONS</td><td>5.31.19</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>A-303</td><td>BUILDING SECTIONS</td><td>5.31.19</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>A-401</td><td>WALL SECTIONS</td><td>5.31.19</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>A-402</td><td>WALL SECTIONS</td><td>5.31.19</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>A-403</td><td>WALL SECTIONS</td><td>5.31.19</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>A-404</td><td>WALL SECTIONS</td><td>5.31.19</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>A-405</td><td>PLAN DETAILS, WEATHERVANE & LIGHTNING ARRESTERS</td><td>5.31.19</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>A-501</td><td>PERSPECTIVES</td><td>5.31.19</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>FOR</p>\n<br><p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>ISSUED</p>\n<footer id='31' style='font-size:18px'>A DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT<br>CONSULTANCY<br>www.ddpllc.com</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2911977, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='17' style='font-size:18px'>section 1</h1>\n<figure><img id='18' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(80,563); bottom-right:(1157,1286)\" /></figure>\n<p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>INTRODUCING THE COURSE!</p>\n<footer id='20' style='font-size:14px'>1</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 201105, "type": "text", "content": "SAP PHIR E BAY \nSEC TION 01 \nB O U T I Q U E H O T E L & O F F I C E \nR O W L E T T \| T X\n\n\n \nM ARCH 22 nd - 2021 \n\u00a9 2021, 5G STUDIO COLL ABOR ATIVE \nALL RIGHTS RESERVED \n5 G S T U D I O . C O M\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1696417, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='29' style='font-size:14px'>Section AA</h1>\n<h1 id='30' style='font-size:14px'>Section BB</h1>\n<figure><img id='31' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(65,554); bottom-right:(1133,673)\" /></figure>\n<p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Section CC</p>\n<figure><img id='33' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(58,767); bottom-right:(595,1155)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='34' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(613,790); bottom-right:(1153,1168)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='35' style='font-size:20px' alt=\"C\nB\nA\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1211,0); bottom-right:(2466,1171)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='36' style='font-size:16px'>Placemaking</h1>\n<br><p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>18</p>\n<br><footer id='38' style='font-size:16px'>19</footer>\n<br><footer id='39' style='font-size:16px'>Stadslab Master Class Fukuoka 2012</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1875533, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='0' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1,11); bottom-right:(1120,760)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='1' style='font-size:18px'>PROJECT \| NAVIGATING Sections</h1>\n<br><p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Besides using < > buttons to page through the learning content<br>sections, you can also NAVIGATE to specific sections using<br>[Select to move to Another Section] overview menu</p>\n<p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 NB: EVERY project always includes these 6 SECTIONS:</p>\n<br><p id='4' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>1. Introduction<br>2. Your Assignment<br>3. Assess Your Skills \u2013 Before</p>\n<p id='5' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 SECTION [Your Evaluation] contains all downloadable content:</p>\n<p id='6' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Project Guide -><br>[Print My Project]<br>\u2022 Evaluator\u2019s form -><br>[Evaluation Resource]</p>\n<br><figure><img id='7' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(509,1324); bottom-right:(1051,1573)\" /></figure>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 201106, "type": "text", "content": "SAP PHIR E BAY \nSEC TION 02 \nB O U T I Q U E H O T E L & O F F I C E \nR O W L E T T \| T X\n\n\n \nM ARCH 22 nd - 2021 \n\u00a9 2021, 5G STUDIO COLL ABOR ATIVE \nALL RIGHTS RESERVED \n5 G S T U D I O . C O M\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2507240, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='40' style='font-size:18px'>SECTION 1: GENERAL<br>ORGANIZATIONAL CHART</h1>\n<br><figure><img id='41' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(238,161); bottom-right:(997,1508)\" /></figure>\n<footer id='42' style='font-size:14px'>6</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	How can the sections 'ROOFTOP LEVEL', 'SECTION 01', and 'SECTION 02' be organized in a text document to emphasize progression from top to bottom?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 314, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["format reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 2860093, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='215' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>AUT 114: INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMABLE<br>LOGIC CONTROLLERS</p>\n<br><p id='216' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>This course provides an introduction to programmable<br>logic controllers. Emphasis is placed on, but not limited to,<br>the following: PLC hardware and software, numbering<br>systems, installation, and programming. Upon completion,<br>students must demonstrate their ability by developing,<br>loading, debugging, and optimizing PLC programs.</p>\n<br><h1 id='217' style='font-size:14px'>credits: 3</h1>\n<br><h1 id='218' style='font-size:14px'>Lab Hours: Lab Hours</h1>\n<br><p id='219' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>3</p>\n<br><p id='220' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Lecture Hours: Lecture Hours<br>2</p>\n<br><h1 id='221' style='font-size:14px'>AUT 116: INTRODUCTION TO ROBOTICS</h1>\n<br><p id='222' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>This course provides instruction in concepts and theories<br>for the operation of robotic servomotors and power<br>systems used with industrial robotic equipment. Emphasis<br>is on the application of the computer to control power<br>systems to perform work. Student competencies include<br>understanding of the functions of hydraulic, pneumatic,<br>and electrical power system components, ability to read<br>and interpret circuitry for proper trouble shooting and<br>ability to perform preventative maintenance.<br>credits: 3</p>\n<br><h1 id='223' style='font-size:14px'>Lab Hours: Lab Hours</h1>\n<br><p id='224' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>4</p>\n<br><p id='225' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Lecture Hours: Lecture Hours<br>1</p>\n<br><h1 id='226' style='font-size:14px'>AUT 117: AC/DC MACHINES</h1>\n<br><p id='227' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>This course covers the theory and operation of DC motors<br>single and three phase AC motors and the labs will<br>reinforce this knowledge. Emphasis is placed on the<br>various types of single and three phase motors, writing<br>diagrams, starting devices, and practical application in the<br>lab. This course is also taught as ELT 117.<br>credits: 3<br>Lab Hours: Lab Hours<br>4<br>Lecture Hours: Lecture Hours</p>\n<br><p id='228' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>1</p>\n<br><p id='229' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>AUT 130: FUNDAMENTALS OF INDUSTRIAL<br>HYDRAULICS AND PNEUMATICS</p>\n<br><p id='230' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>This course provides an introduction to hydraulics/<br>pneumatics. Topics include hydraulic pumps, pneumatic<br>compressors work and system components such as valves,<br>filters, regulators, actuators, accumulators, and lubricators.<br>The lab enables students to test, troubleshoot and repair<br>hydraulic pumps, pneumatic compressors work and<br>system components such as valves, filters, regulators,<br>actuators, accumulators, and lubricators. Upon<br>completion, students will be able to apply principles of<br>hydraulic/pneumatics.</p>\n<br><p id='231' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>credits: 3</p>\n<br><p id='232' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Lab Hours: Lab Hours</p>\n<br><p id='233' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>3</p>\n<br><p id='234' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Lecture Hours: Lecture Hours<br>2</p>\n<br><p id='235' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>AUT 221: ADVANCED PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC<br>CONTROLLERS</p>\n<br><p id='236' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>This course includes advanced principles of PLC\u2019s including<br>hardware, programming, and troubleshooting. Emphasis is<br>placed on developing advanced working programs, and<br>troubleshooting hardware and software communication<br>problems. Upon completion, students should be able to<br>demonstrate their ability in developing programs and<br>troubleshooting the system.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 263981, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='37' style='font-size:20px'>File Type PDF Mechatronics Handbook<br>Second Edition</h1>\n<br><p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>pretentiousness to acquire those all. We allow mechatronic<br>systems sensors and actuators fundamentals and modeling<br>the mechatronics handbook second edition and numerous ...</p>\n<p id='39' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Mechatronic Systems Sensors And Actuators Fundamentals<br>And ...<br>This is Control and Mechatronics, 2nd-2011_(Bodgan<br>Wilamowski, J. David Irwin).pdf pages: 683</p>\n<p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Control and Mechatronics (The Industrial Electronics<br>Handbook)<br>MECHATRONICS HANDBOOK SECOND EDITION<br>INTRODUCTION : #1 Mechatronic System Control Logic And<br>Publish By Irving Wallace, Mechatronic System Control Logic<br>Page 10/14</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1481685, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='112' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>3. Determine which of the three learning styles is appropriate to a particular problem domain.<br>[Usage]<br>4. Compare and contrast each of the following techniques, providing examples of when each<br>strategy is superior: decision trees, neural networks, and belief networks. [Assessment]<br>5. Evaluate the performance of a simple learning system on a real-world dataset. [Assessment]<br>6. Characterize the state of the art in learning theory, including its achievements and its<br>shortcomings. [Familiarity]<br>7. Explain the problem of over\ufb01tting, along with techniques for detecting and managing the<br>problem. [Usage]</p>\n<h1 id='113' style='font-size:18px'>IS/Robotics</h1>\n<br><p id='114' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>[Elective]</p>\n<h1 id='115' style='font-size:14px'>Topics:</h1>\n<br><p id='116' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Overview: problems and progress</p>\n<br><p id='117' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u25e6 State-of-the-art robot systems, including their sensors and an overview of their sensor<br>processing<br>\u25e6 Robot control architectures, e.g., deliberative vs. reactive control and Braitenberg<br>vehicles<br>\u25e6 World modeling and world models<br>\u25e6 Inherent uncertainty in sensing and in control</p>\n<br><p id='118' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Con\ufb01guration space and environmental<br>\u2022 Interpreting uncertain sensor data<br>\u2022 Localizing and mapping<br>\u2022 Navigation and control<br>\u2022 Motion planning<br>\u2022 Multiple-robot coordination</p>\n<br><p id='119' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>maps</p>\n<h1 id='120' style='font-size:14px'>Learning outcomes:</h1>\n<br><p id='121' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>1. List capabilities and limitations of today\u2019s state-of-the-art robot systems, including their sensors<br>and the crucial sensor processing that informs those systems. [Familiarity]<br>2. Integrate sensors, actuators, and software into a robot designed to undertake some task. [Usage]<br>3. Program a robot to accomplish simple tasks using deliberative, reactive, and/or hybrid control<br>architectures. [Usage]<br>4. Implement fundamental motion planning algorithms within a robot con\ufb01guration space. [Usage]<br>5. Characterize the uncertainties associated with common robot sensors and actuators; articulate<br>strategies for mitigating these uncertainties. [Familiarity]<br>6. List the di\ufb00erences among robots\u2019 representations of their external environment, including their<br>strengths and shortcomings. [Familiarity]<br>7. Compare and contrast at least three strategies for robot navigation within known and/or<br>unknown environments, including their strengths and shortcomings. [Assessment]<br>8. Describe at least one approach for coordinating the actions and sensing of several robots to<br>accomplish a single task. [Familiarity]</p>\n<h1 id='122' style='font-size:18px'>IS/Perception and Computer Vision</h1>\n<br><p id='123' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>[Elective]</p>\n<p id='124' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Topics:</p>\n<br><p id='125' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Computer vision</p>\n<footer id='126' style='font-size:16px'>68</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 947113, "type": "html", "content": "<table id='19' style='font-size:20px'><tr><td>Course Code</td><td>Course/Subject Name</td><td>Credits</td></tr><tr><td>MEC605</td><td>Mechatronics</td><td>4+1</td></tr></table>\n<h1 id='20' style='font-size:18px'>Objectives</h1>\n<br><p id='21' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>1. To present architecture of the mechatronics system<br>2. To study various actuators applicable to Mechatronics system<br>3. To study interfacing of the electromechanical devices.</p>\n<h1 id='22' style='font-size:18px'>O utcomes: Learner will be able to\u2026</h1>\n<br><p id='23' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>1. Identify the suitable sensor and actuator for a mechatronics system<br>2. Develop the skill required for interfacing the electromechanical system<br>3. Indigenously design and develop a mechatronic system</p>\n<br><table id='24' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td>Modules</td><td>Details</td><td>Hrs.</td></tr><tr><td>01</td><td>1.1 Introduction to Mechatronics. Key element of mechatronics. mechatronics systems in factory, home and business applications. Basic Components of mechatronics systems. Mechatronics Design process, objectives, advantages of mechatronics</td><td>05</td></tr><tr><td>02</td><td>Actuators. 2.1 Electrical Actuating systems DC motors : Principles of operation of DC motor, Modelling of DC motor behavior, Heat dissipation in DC motor, Velocity Profile Optimization, Inertia matching, Servo Amplifier, DC motor service drive. Stepper Motors: Characteristics of a Stepper motor, Classification of a Stepper motor, Principle of Operation, Step Angle, Electrical model of energized coil, Drive method, Stepper motor performance, AC Induction motors: Three phase motor. 2.2 Voice coil actuator.</td><td>08</td></tr><tr><td>03</td><td>Actuators. 3.1 Pneumatic and Hydraulic actuating systems Components of pneumatic and hydraulic systems, pumps, compressor, filter, control valves, pressure regulation, relief valves, accumulator. 3.2 Harmonic drive, Comb drive. 3.3 Piezoelectric drives. 3.4 Selection of actuator</td><td>08</td></tr><tr><td>04</td><td>Development of circuits for industrial automation. 4.1 Electro-pneumatic systems, Electro-hydraulic system, hydro- pneumatic system, Development of circuits for Industrial automation. 4.2 Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) in automation: Basic structure, I/O processing. Ladder logic diagram, PLC for industrial process control, Selection of PLC.</td><td>08</td></tr><tr><td>05</td><td>5.1 System Interfacing and Data Acquisition: Data Acquisition systems (DAQs), data loggers, supervisory control and data acquisition, interfacing requirements, buffers, handshaking, polling and interrupt, digital communication, parallel communication, serial communication interface, universal asynchronous receiver and transmitter (UART), peripheral interface device (PIA), analog interfacing, Component interconnection and impedance matching, interfacing sensors and motor drives with microcomputer system.</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>06</td><td>6.1 Mechatronics case studies: Autonomous Mobile Root, Wireless Surveillance Balloon, Fire Fighting robots, Cantilever beam vibration control using piezo sensors and actuators, Car engine management, pick and place robot, automatic camera, CNC machine</td><td>09</td></tr></table>\n<footer id='25' style='font-size:14px'>University of Mumbai, Mechanical Engineering (Third and Final Year) Revised Course (Rev-2012)</footer>\n<br><footer id='26' style='font-size:14px'>35/113</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1863326, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='148' style='font-size:14px'>Miami University 555</header>\n<p id='149' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>ENT\u00a0291. Industrial Electronics. (3)</p>\n<br><p id='150' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>A study of the basic components and systems used in industrial<br>electronics including operational amplifiers, linear integrated circuits,<br>brushless and stepper dc motors, control devices, optoelectronics,<br>pulse modulation, sequential process control and programmable logic<br>controllers. (Electrical technology).<br>2 Lec. 1 Lab.<br>Prerequisite: ENT\u00a0196.</p>\n<br><p id='151' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>ENT\u00a0293. Digital Systems. (3)</p>\n<br><p id='152' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Principles and applications of digital systems. Emphasis placed on the<br>study of combinational and sequential logic from a systems approach.<br>Actual ICs and Programmable logic devices (PLDs) are used as well as<br>digital timing diagrams and waveforms.<br>2 Lec. 1 Lab.<br>Prerequisite: CSE\u00a0163 and ENT\u00a0192.</p>\n<p id='153' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>ENT\u00a0294. Local Area Networks. (3)</p>\n<br><p id='154' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Introductory coverage of the technology and administration of Local<br>Area Networks. Various transmission mediums are covered including<br>Ethernet, fiber optics, and wireless communication.</p>\n<br><h1 id='155' style='font-size:14px'>ENT\u00a0295. Microprocessor Technology I. (3)</h1>\n<br><p id='156' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Introductory study of architecture, operation, and application of<br>microprocessors for commercial and industrial use. Emphasis on<br>understanding internal architecture, segmentation, arithmetic<br>instructions, and the role I/O ports, memory, and machine language<br>play in putting the microprocessor to work. (Electrical technology).<br>2 Lec. 1 Lab.<br>Prerequisite: ENT\u00a0293.</p>\n<h1 id='157' style='font-size:14px'>ENT\u00a0296. Programmable Logic Controllers. (3)</h1>\n<br><p id='158' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Study of the principles and application of Programmable<br>Logic Controllers including ladder logic, program control, data<br>manipulation, math instructions, sequencers, shift registers,<br>networking, PLC-mechanism interfacing and human-machine<br>interfacing.<br>2 Lec. 1 Lab.<br>Prerequisite: ENT\u00a0192.</p>\n<br><h1 id='159' style='font-size:14px'>ENT\u00a0298. Data Communications. (3)</h1>\n<br><p id='160' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Introduction to data communications, computer networks, and<br>media. Includes transmission basics, digital representations, data<br>link concepts, and other networking issues. Networking data<br>telecommunications project assigned as a significant part of the<br>course requirement.<br>Prerequisite: CSE\u00a0153 or 174.</p>\n<h1 id='161' style='font-size:14px'>ENT\u00a0301. Dynamics. (3)</h1>\n<br><p id='162' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The basic concepts of force, mass, and acceleration; work and energy;<br>and impulse and momentum are introduced and applied to problems<br>involving particles and rigid bodies. Topics include displacement,<br>velocity, and acceleration of a particle; relations between forces acting<br>on a particle or rigid body; and the changes in motion produced.<br>2 Lec. 1 Lab.<br>Prerequisite: ENT\u00a0271 and MTH\u00a0151 or equivalent.</p>\n<br><p id='163' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>ENT\u00a0302. Fundamentals of Signals and Systems. (3)</p>\n<br><p id='164' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Introduction to the field of signals and systems analysis, which is<br>prevalent in many areas of engineering and technology. Central to this<br>is an understanding of the mathematical formalisms, which define<br>this field, such as the Fourier and Laplace transforms, not only in their<br>mathematical sense, but also in their direct application to the solving<br>of real engineering problems. MatLab\u00ae will be used extensively in<br>this course to visualize signal flow and illustrate tough theoretical<br>concepts.</p>\n<br><p id='165' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Prerequisites: CSE\u00a0153 or CSE\u00a0163 and MTH\u00a0251.</p>\n<br><p id='166' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>ENT\u00a0303. Digital Signal Processing Technology. (3)</p>\n<br><p id='167' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Study of how digital signal processing is used in industry, including<br>spectral analyzers, analog and digital filtering, Fourier series and<br>transforms, data compression, image processing, and DSP hardware<br>design issues.</p>\n<br><p id='168' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>2 Lec. 1 Lab.</p>\n<br><p id='169' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Prerequisites: ENT\u00a0295, STA\u00a0301, MTH\u00a0151.</p>\n<br><p id='170' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>ENT\u00a0310. Fluid Mechanics. (3)</p>\n<br><p id='171' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The application of fluid statics and fluid dynamics to the solution of<br>fundamental engineering fluid problems. The one dimensional energy<br>and momentum equations are introduced and applied to the solution<br>of fluid flow problems.</p>\n<br><p id='172' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>2 Lec. 1 Lab.</p>\n<br><p id='173' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Prerequisite: ENT\u00a0271 and MTH\u00a0151 or equivalent.</p>\n<br><p id='174' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>ENT\u00a0311. Process Control Interface Design. (3)</p>\n<br><p id='175' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Introduction to data acquisition and control with a graphical user<br>interface (GUI). Topics include parallel, serial, and network access.<br>Data transfer technology such as Object Linking and Embedding and<br>Dynamic Data Exchange also covered.<br>2 Lec. 1 Lab.<br>Prerequisite: CSE\u00a0153, ENT\u00a0193 or equivalent and completion of<br>an engineering technology associate's degree or permission of<br>instructor.</p>\n<br><p id='176' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>ENT\u00a0312. Thermodynamics and Heat Power. (3)</p>\n<br><p id='177' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Fundamental concepts of energy transformation and transport<br>are introduced. The First and Second Laws of thermodynamics are<br>applied to process and cycle analysis. Heat conduction, convection,<br>and radiation modes are introduced and applied to simple heat<br>balance problems.<br>Prerequisite: PHY\u00a0162, MTH\u00a0151 or equivalent, and completion of<br>an engineering technology associate's degree or permission of<br>instructor.</p>\n<br><p id='178' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>ENT\u00a0313. Introduction to Robotics Systems. (3)</p>\n<br><p id='179' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>This course provides an overview of robot components, mechanisms,<br>dynamics, and intelligent control algorithms. Topics include planar<br>and spatial kinematics, and motion planning; mechanism design for<br>manipulators and mobile robots, multi-rigid-body dynamics. Weekly<br>laboratories provide experience with servo drives, real-time control,<br>and embedded software.<br>Prerequisites: ENT\u00a0301 and ENT\u00a0192.</p>\n<br><p id='180' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>ENT\u00a0314. Mechanisms for Machine Design. (3)</p>\n<br><p id='181' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Rigid body kinematics is applied to the analysis and design of<br>mechanisms used in machines. The course includes motion and force<br>transference from power source, motion characteristics of real-world<br>machinery, and analysis and design concepts to facilitate optimization<br>of the machine arrangement.<br>Prerequisite: ENT\u00a0301.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2480487, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='52' style='font-size:18px'>72</header>\n<br><header id='53' style='font-size:14px'>Technology and Engineering Applications of Simulink</header>\n<p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The control strategy we used takes information from three position sensors making an<br>weighted average with coefficients related to the distance from the center of the equipment.<br>These coefficients increase from sensor 1 to sensor 3 to give more weight on rolling motion,<br>because the boom pivoted at the point A. To keep the boom at a constant height of 500 mm<br>from the ground is the main target. Therefore the control equation, using the force variable,<br>is:</p>\n<br><p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>\uf0e9 \uf0e6 1 \uf0f6 \uf0e6 1 \uf0f6 \uf0e6 1 \uf0f6 \uf0f9<br>Fa \uf03d \uf02d Fe \uf02b k \uf0ea \uf02d 500 \uf02b \uf0e7 \uf0f7 sensor 1 \uf02b \uf0e7 \uf0f7 sensor 2 \uf02b \uf0e7 \uf0f7 sensor 3 \uf0fa (1)<br>\uf0eb \uf0e8 6 \uf0f8 \uf0e8 3 \uf0f8 \uf0e8 2 \uf0f8 \uf0fb<br>where:</p>\n<br><p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Fa: actuator force (N);<br>Fe: actuator static force relative to the weight of the boom (N)<br>k: gain<br>sensor 1: ground position measurement (mm) - 4 m from equipment center<br>sensor 2: ground position measurement (mm) - 8 m from equipment center<br>sensor 3: ground position measurement (mm) - 12 m from equipment center</p>\n<p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>2.1.3 Model with sensor fusion and fuzzy logic</p>\n<br><p id='58' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>We used a boom suspension of trapezoidal type with the dimensions listed in Figure 2.1.<br>We used three position measurement sensors uniformly distributed along the length of<br>the boom. The first sensor is placed at 4 meters from the center of the equipment, the<br>second at 8 meters from the center and the third at 12 meters from the center, as<br>illustrated in Figure 2.2.</p>\n<br><p id='59' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Here we used a procedure identified as a co-simulation method between ADAMS and<br>MATLAB softwares, with the goal of the model of interacting rigid body capabilities of<br>Adams software with the control plant capabilities of fuzzy system simulations in Matlab<br>software. This procedure is showed schematically in Figure 2.3.</p>\n<figure><img id='60' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(187,1242); bottom-right:(1035,1605)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='61' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Fig. 2.3. Co-Simulation between ADAMS and MATLAB software.</p>\n<p id='62' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Figure 2.3 is a simple diagram that shows how co-simulation is performed. The output<br>variables of the model of Adams are exported to the plant control in Matlab. The actuator</p>\n<footer id='63' style='font-size:14px'>www.intechopen.com</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2984717, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='542' style='font-size:20px'>320 EGR-ELI</h1>\n<p id='543' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>EGR 479 Fracture and Fatigue Analysis 3(3-0)</p>\n<br><p id='544' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Fracture mechanics and fatigue crack nucleation and propagation, stress<br>intensity factors, fracture toughness and design philosophy concepts.<br>Fracture and fatigue tests. Statistical and reliability analysis. Prerequisites:<br>EGR 255, 355; MTH 233, STA 382.</p>\n<br><p id='545' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>EGR 480 Digital Integrated Circuit Design with FPGAs 3(3-0)</p>\n<br><p id='546' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Design and application of digital integrated circuits using programmable<br>logic devices and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Prerequisites: EGR<br>390; permission of E&T advisor.</p>\n<br><p id='547' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>EGR 481 Embedded System Design 3(3-0)</p>\n<br><p id='548' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Introduction to designing microcontroller-based embedded computer<br>systems using assembly and C programs. Examination of real-time operating<br>systems and their impact on performance. Prerequisites: CPS 180; EGR 398;<br>permission of E&T advisor.</p>\n<br><p id='549' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>EGR 482 Design and Organization of Computer Hardware Systems 3(3-0) EGR 597 Special Topics in Engineering 1-6(Spec)</p>\n<br><p id='550' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Structural organization and hardware design of digital computers.<br>Processing and control units, arithmetic algorithms, input-output systems<br>and memory systems. Prerequisites: EGR 396; permission of E&T advisor.</p>\n<br><p id='551' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>EGR 484 Digital Signal Processing 3(3-0)</p>\n<br><p id='552' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Mathematical description of digital signals and systems via difference<br>equations, discrete Fourier transform and z-transform. Examination of filter<br>design techniques. Prerequisites: EGR 391; permission of E&T advisor.</p>\n<br><p id='553' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>EGR 487 Introduction to VLSI Systems 3(3-0)</p>\n<br><p id='554' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>CMOS process technologies, logic families, custom, and semi custom<br>design. Design of adders, counters, and arithmetic logic units. System design<br>method and VLSI design tools. Prerequisites: EGR 392; permission of E&T<br>advisor.</p>\n<br><p id='555' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>EGR 489 Senior Design I 3(2-2)</p>\n<br><p id='556' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>First course in the senior capstone design sequence integrating design<br>methods and engineering techniques in the context of a realistic engi-<br>neering project. May be offered as writing intensive. Prerequisites: Senior<br>standing with a passing grade in all required 200 and 300 level EGR courses<br>in a declared engineering major; permission of E&T advisor.</p>\n<br><p id='557' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>EGR 490 Computer Data Acquisition & Instrumentation 3(3-0)</p>\n<br><p id='558' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Introduction to data acquisition using A/D converters; fundamentals of<br>transducers; dynamic response; amplifiers; theory of A/D and D/A converters;<br>error analysis-statistics. Prerequisites: EGR 396, STA 382; permission of E&T<br>advisor.</p>\n<br><p id='559' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>EGR 492 Automatic Control Systems 3(3-0)</p>\n<br><p id='560' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Theory and design of automatic control systems including control sys-<br>tem characteristics, system performance analysis, system stability analysis,<br>frequency response analysis, and controller design. Prerequisites: EGR 391;<br>permission of E&T advisor.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2927404, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='4' style='font-size:20px'>Motivation</h1>\n<p id='5' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 Our mission: provide MBSE methodologies for the automotive domain<br>\u2022 EmbeddedMontiArc: Modeling language for automotive systems</p>\n<figure><img id='6' style='font-size:16px' alt=\"Sensor 1 Actuator 1\nECU 1\nSensor 2 Actuator 2\nECU 3 ECU K\n\u2026\nECU 2\nSensor N Actuator M\" data-coord=\"top-left:(108,295); bottom-right:(1436,982)\" /></figure>\n<p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>2</p>\n<br><p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>J\u00f6rg Christian Kirchhof, Evgeny Kusmenko, Jean Meurice and Bernhard Rumpe<br>MLE 2019, Munich</p>\n<br><figure><img id='9' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(966,1017); bottom-right:(1185,1100)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='10' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1211,1019); bottom-right:(1469,1098)\" /></figure>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 263980, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='32' style='font-size:20px'>File Type PDF Mechatronics Handbook<br>Second Edition</h1>\n<br><p id='33' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>mechatronics the mechatronics handbook second edition is<br>now available as a two volume set each installment offers<br>focused coverage of a particular area of mechatronics<br>supplying a convenient and flexible source of specific<br>information this seminal work is still the most exhaustive state<br>of the art treatment of the field available mechatronic system<br>control logic and data acquisition the ...</p>\n<h1 id='34' style='font-size:16px'>Mechatronic System Control Logic And Data Acquisition The</h1>\n<br><h1 id='35' style='font-size:16px'>...</h1>\n<br><p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>modeling the mechatronics handbook second edition<br>furthermore it is not directly done, you could endure even<br>more on the order of this life, almost the world. We find the<br>money for you this proper as without difficulty as easy<br>Page 9/14</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 947075, "type": "text", "content": "# List of Experiments\n\n\n \n\n1\\. Study of basic principles of sensing and actuation techniques used in\nMechatronics \nsystems \n2\\. Study of Electro-pneumatic Logic Trainer kit, and experiments on Electro-\npneumatic \ncircuits \n3\\. Study of Electro-hydraulic Logic Trainer kit, and experiments on Electro-\nhydraulic \ncircuits \n4\\. Experiments on Ladder programming for Mechatronics system (e.g. bottle\nfilling plant) \n5\\. Experiments on interfacing of mechanical system \n6\\. Experiment based on waveform generation, interfacing and control of motors\netc. \n7\\. System Identification of any one of the actuator \n8\\. Experimental Identification by frequency response approach of Mechanical,\nElectrical, \nChemical system \n9\\. Development of transfer function based on experimentally identified data,\nStability \nanalysis of predicted transfer function, and PID tuning and implementation on \nexperimental setup \n10\\. Experimental identification of mechanisms such as flexural based systems\netc.\n\n\n( Design based experiments shall be encouraged using standard National\nInstrument/ texas \ninstrument/ dSPACEGmbh/ Arduino or any other platform)\n\n\nN ote: Error analysis is recommended.\n\n\n# C ourse Project\n\n\n \n\nIn course project students shall integrate and apply the knowledge gained\nduring the course. \nThe projects shall be developed by team of maximum four students. Further,\ncourse project \nshall demonstrate design, setup, and implementation of a simple mechatronics\nsystem.\n\n\n# T erm Work\n\n\n \n\nTerm work shall consist of minimum 6 experiments from the list, one assignment\non first \nthree modules, one each on module 4 and module 5 respectively and a report on\ncourse \nproject\n\n\nT he distribution of marks for term work shall be as follows:\n\n\n \n\n\uf0b7 Laboratory work (Experiments) : 10 marks \n\uf0b7 Assignments : 05 marks \n\uf0b7 Course project: 05 marks \n\uf0b7 Attendance (Theory and Practical) : 05 marks\n\n\nT he final certification and acceptance of term work ensures the satisfactory\nperformance of \nlaboratory work and minimum passing in the term work.\n\n\n \n\n# I nternal Assessment\n\n\n \n\nAssessment consists of two tests out of which; one should be compulsory class\ntest (on \nminimum 40% of curriculum) and the other is either a class test (on minimum\n70% of \ncurriculum) or assignment on live problems or course project.\n\n\nUniversity of Mumbai, Mechanical Engineering (Third and Final Year) Revised\nCourse (Rev-2012)\n\n\n \n36/113\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Considering the topics 'Mechatronic System Control Logic And Data Acquisition' and 'Mechatronic Systems Sensors And Actuators Fundamentals and Modeling', propose which topic might require an understanding of both sensors and data acquisition, and why.	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 317, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 3428993, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>corporate partnership or a political party. (iii) A business and tax-exempt corporation engaged<br>in one or more tax-exempt activities of any kind involving a person described as in subclauses<br>(h)(2)(A) to (c)(3). Subclauses (h)(2)(A) and (h)(2)(C) of this section do not apply in determining<br>for tax purposes who receives income directly from the business. They do not otherwise affect<br>income earned by any of the required persons under one or more federal tax codes if: (I) When<br>the income is a deduction for the taxable year that ends April 1, 1990, the business is subject to<br>tax as income for income tax purposes for the taxable years of both the business and the<br>taxation year in which the income is made, to the extent appropriate; (II) Except for exempt<br>organizations and nonprofit organizations listed on the income, and exempt nonprofits and<br>nonresident corporations for which such amounts are required to have exempt status under<br>applicable tax law. (b) Nonprofit, political action committee and affiliate corporations; exempt<br>nonprofit, non-profit, 501(c) organization committees; exempt nonprofits (except those entities<br>if they are not controlled by a governing body, any successor to a governing body or<br>non-dominating corporation) and nonprofit charitable organizations having a majority (50%) in<br>this table include, as of the time of disclosure, all of the following criteria: a. Not more than 1%<br>of the board and most of those members or those holding office during the first fiscal year; (I) A<br>group or persons acting individually, under the direction and coordination of an organization,<br>and the principal executive officer or the executive director of the group; or (II) Each registered<br>affiliate or nonprofit nonentity or group. (c)) Personal tax exempt organizations Personal tax<br>exempt organizations\u00e2\u20ac\u201dThe purposes of this paragraph are: (1) To determine what is<br>deductible under Section 511 of the Internal Revenue Code and Section 1135 of the Internal<br>Revenue Code; (2) To determine allowable marginal rate at which an entity is exempt under<br>Section 501(c)(6) of the Internal Revenue Code and for purposes of Section 955 of the Unfair<br>Competition Law; and (3) For purposes of this paragraph, taxable incomes are deductible if their<br>amount at the base, including amounts received to defray the total in income from their<br>businesses, is less than an amount paid to repay income after repayment of income due from<br>their businesses or any income of such a business, even if each such amount at taxable annual<br>percentage was equal to the effective taxable rate for income taxation on that taxable year.<br>Except for qualifying business, qualified nonbusiness nonentity and limited partnerships the<br>number of taxable income as of the date of distribution of the qualifying business's income for<br>the prior four years exceeds 0. (d) Qualification status of entity to provide for tax services<br>Qualified exemption information information means information that is in response to the<br>entity's eligibility as a 501(c)(6) of the Internal Revenue Code. It does not include information<br>provided to employees such as required forms of authorization of participation with<br>government, private or nonprofit organizations or other state or local authorities concerning<br>taxable incomes; payments of dividends, payments from a corporation or personal gain or<br>losses to another person through contributions by one or more government representatives<br>pursuant to an approved use of governmental services other than certain payments or<br>expenses by such private or nonprofit entity, such as payment on behalf of a candidate<br>committee. Qualified exemption amounts and tax requirements of qualified exemption<br>information do not include any information that might be used by an applicant if the entity does<br>not have such an exemption set aside under the Fair Credit Reporting Act that would not<br>include such information in its reported financial statements unless the entity meets certain<br>conditions. Tax identification Tax identification of corporations, partnerships or elections Form<br>2\u00e2\u20ac\u201dDisputes over a tax return (other than those from which the individual taxpayers' claim for<br>an exemption is based); or Equalization A-1A No such corporation, partnership or election of an<br>eligible elector may be included in the filing of a tax return as defined by Section 928 or 927.<br>1-30(g)(5) and 501(c)(6) and 501(f) organizations An entity that determines who qualifies as an<br>elector may not disclose its tax information to the Internal Revenue Service or any other agency<br>that would require the disclosure of financial information required under this section. The<br>following organizations pdf forms calculations (where the method is explained in the next<br>portion and with additional explanations) such as the \"informal\" and the \"full.\" But we will talk<br>more about this later on with more details which we will take for granted. Once again, we now<br>talk about three key methods. First, we can use an arbitrary amount of work from an application<br>as the input to the calc(T, N, Z ) method. In this form, we make the current time constant of a<br>method variable that represents the input time, with time and velocity defined as 2 and 4<br>degrees. For simplicity, in this paper I decided upon 4 degrees, because one might wonder if the<br>current velocity is exactly the same as the first 1 decimator. Therefore, our computations (T/N):<br>(0, 20, N / Z) will be the square root of the current velocity that is divided by the current energy<br>of the original calcalator. For each step, we then give a constant value of zero. This means that<br>the calcalator's energy is set to be 3, or 1 for 0\u00e2\u20ac\u201c24 decimations for the time constants. After<br>applying this formula, we can apply this algorithm that allows us to create time constant that is</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2223850, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='116' style='font-size:20px'>PART E - LIABILITIES</h1>\n<br><h1 id='117' style='font-size:18px'>[Required byes. 112.3145(3)(b)4, F.S.]</h1>\n<br><p id='118' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>list the name and address of each creditor to whom you owed more<br>than $10,000 at any time during the disclosure period. The amount of the<br>liability of a vehicle lease is the sum of any past-due payments and all<br>unpaid prospective lease payments. You are not required to list the amount<br>of any debt You do not have to disclose credit card and retail installment<br>accounts, taxes owed (unless reduced to a judgment), indebtedness on<br>\ufffd life insurance policy owed to the company of issuance, or contingent<br>liabilities. A '\"contingent liability\" is one that will become an actual liability<br>only when one or more future events occur or fail to occur, such as where<br>you are liable only as a guarantor, surety, or endorser on a promissory<br>note. If you are a \".co-maker\" and are jointly liable or jointly and severally<br>liable, then it is not a contingent liability.</p>\n<br><p id='119' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>PART F -I NTERESTS IN SPECIFIED BUSINESSES</p>\n<br><p id='120' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>[Required by S. 1 1 2.3145(6), F.S.]</p>\n<br><p id='121' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The types of businesses covered in this disclosure include: state and<br>federally chartered banks; state and federal savings and loan associations;<br>\ufffdetery companies; insurance companies; mortgage companies; credit<br>urnon\ufffd; small loan companies; alcoholic beverage licensees; pari-mutuel<br>wagenng companies, utility companies, entities controlled by the Public<br>Service Commission; and entities granted a franchise to operate by either a<br>city or a county government.</p>\n<p id='122' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>IF YOU HAV E CHOSEN COMPARATIVE (PERCENTAGE) TH RESHOLDS<br>THE FOLLOW ING INSTRUCTIONS APPLY</p>\n<br><p id='123' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>PART A - PRIMARY SOURCES OF I NCOME</p>\n<br><p id='124' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>[Required by s. 1 1 2.31 45(3)(a ) 1 , F. S.]</p>\n<br><p id='125' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Part A ts intended to require the disclosure of your principal<br>sources of income during the disclosure period. You do n ot have<br>to disclose any public salary or public position(s} b ut income from<br>these public sources should be included whe n calcu lating your gross<br>income for the d is closure period. The income of your spouse need<br>not be d isclosed; however, if there is joint income to you and you r<br>spouse from property you own jointly (such a s i nterest o r dividends<br>from a bank account or stocks), you should include all of that income<br>when calculating your gross income and d isclose the source of that<br>income if it exceeded the threshold .</p>\n<br><p id='126' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Please list i n this part o f the form the name, address, and<br>principal business activity of each source of your income which<br>exceeded 5% of the gross income received by you in your own name<br>or by any othe r person for your benefit or use during the d isclosure<br>period.</p>\n<br><p id='127' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>\"Gross income\" means the same as it does for income tax<br>purposes, even if the income is not actually taxable, such as i nterest<br>on tax-free bonds. Examples include: compensation for services,<br>income from business, gains from property dealings, interest, rents,<br>dividends, pensions, I RA distributions, social security, distributive<br>share of partnership gross income, and a li mony, but not child support.</p>\n<br><p id='128' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Examples:</p>\n<br><p id='129' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>- If you were employed by a company that manufactures<br>computers and received more than 5% of your gross income<br>from the company, list the name of the company, its address,<br>and its principal business activity (computer manufacturing).</p>\n<br><p id='130' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>- If you were a partner in a law firm and your distributive share<br>of partnership gross income exceeded 5% of your gross i ncome,<br>then list th e name of the firm, its address, and its principal<br>business activity (practice of law).</p>\n<br><p id='131' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>- If you were the sole proprietor of a retail gift business and<br>your gross income from the business exceeded 5% of your<br>total gross income, list the na me of the business, its address,<br>and its principal business activity (retail gift sales).</p>\n<br><p id='132' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>- If you received income from investments in stocks and<br>bonds, list each individual company from which you derived</p>\n<p id='133' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>CE FORM 1 - Effective: January 1 , 2020. Incorporated by reference in Rule 34-8.202, F.A.C.</p>\n<br><p id='134' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Disclose in this part the fact that you owned during the disclosure period an<br>interest in, or held any of certain positions with the types of businesses listed<br>above. You must make this disclosure if you own or owned (either directly or<br>indirectly in the form of an equitable or beneficial interest) at any time during<br>the disclosure period more than 5% of the total assets or capital stock of<br>one of the types of business entities listed above. You also must complete<br>this part of the form for each of these types of businesses for which you<br>are, or were at any time during the disclosure period, an officer. director,<br>partner, proprietor, or agent (other than a resident agent solely for service of<br>process).</p>\n<br><p id='135' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>If you have or held such a position or ownership interest in one of<br>these types of businesses, list the name of the business, rts address and<br>principal business activity, and the position held with the business (if any). If<br>you own(ed) more than a 5% interest in the business, indicate that fact and<br>describe the nature of your interest.</p>\n<br><p id='136' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>PART G - TRAINING CERTIFICATION</p>\n<br><p id='137' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>[Requi red byes . 1 1 2 .3 1 42, F.S.]</p>\n<br><p id='138' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>If you are a Constitutional or elected municipal officer whose<br>service beg a n before March 3 1 of the yea r for which you a re filing,<br>you a re requ ired to complete fou r hours of ethics training which<br>addresses Article II, Section 8 of the Florida Constitution, the Code<br>of Ethics for Public Officers and Em ployees, a nd the public records<br>a n d open meetings laws of the state. You are req uired to certify o n<br>this form that you have taken such training.</p>\n<br><p id='139' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(End of Dollar Value Thresholds Instructions.)</p>\n<p id='140' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>more than 5% of your gross i ncome. Do not aggregate all of<br>you r i nvestment incom e.</p>\n<br><p id='141' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>- If more than 5% of your gross income was g ai n from th e sale<br>of property (not j ust the selling price), l ist as a source of income<br>the purchaser's name, address, and principal business activity.<br>If the p urchaser's identity is unknown, such as where securities<br>listed on an exchange are sold through a brokerage firm, the<br>source of income should be listed as \"sale of (name of company)<br>stock,\" for example.</p>\n<br><p id='142' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>- If more than 5% of you r gross income was in the form of<br>i nterest from one particular fin ancial institution (aggregating<br>interest from all CD's, accounts, etc . , at that institution}, list the<br>name of the institution , its address, and its p ri ncipal business<br>activity.</p>\n<br><p id='143' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>PART B - SECONDARY SOURCES OF INCOME</p>\n<br><p id='144' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>[Required by s. 1 1 2.31 45(3)(a)2, F.S.]</p>\n<br><p id='145' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>This part is intended to require the disclosure of major customers,<br>clients, and other sources of income to businesses in which you 01.,vn<br>an interest. It is not for reporting income from second iobs. That kin d<br>of income should b e reported in Part A , \"Primary Sources of Income,\"<br>if it meets the reporting threshold . You will not h ave anything to report<br>unless d u ring the disclosure period:</p>\n<br><p id='146' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(1 ) You owned (either directly or indirectly in the form of an<br>equ itable or beneficial i nterest) more tha n 5% of the total assets<br>or capital stock of a business entity ( a corporation, partnership,<br>LLC, limited partnership, proprietorship, joint venture, trust, firm,<br>etc., doing business in Florida); and,</p>\n<br><p id='147' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(2) You received more than 1 0% of your gross income from that<br>business e ntity; and,</p>\n<br><p id='148' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(3) You received more tha n $1 ,500 in gross income from that<br>business entity.</p>\n<br><p id='149' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>If your i nterests and gross income exceeded these thresholds, then<br>for that business entity you must list every source of income to the<br>business entity which exceeded 1 0% of the business entity's gross<br>income (computed on the basis of the business entity's most recently<br>completed fiscal year), the source's address and the source's<br>principal business activity.</p>\n<footer id='150' style='font-size:14px'>PAGE S</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1014674, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='137' style='font-size:18px'>Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 18 / Monday, January 28, 2013 / Rules and Regulations</header>\n<br><header id='138' style='font-size:20px'>5967</header>\n<p id='139' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>(ii) Exception for certain lessors and<br>lenders. An entity is not considered to<br>be engaged in a banking or similar<br>business for purposes of this paragraph<br>(e)(2) if the entity solely accepts<br>deposits from persons as collateral or<br>security pursuant to a sale or lease of<br>property or pursuant to a similar<br>financing arrangement between such<br>entity and the person holding the<br>deposit with the entity.</p>\n<br><p id='140' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>(iii) Application of section 581.<br>Entities engaged in a banking or similar<br>business include, but are not limited to,<br>entities that would qualify as banks<br>under section 585(a)(2) (including banks<br>as defined in section 581 and any<br>corporation to which section 581 would<br>apply but for the fact that it is a foreign<br>corporation).</p>\n<br><p id='141' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>(iv) Effect of local regulation. Whether<br>an entity is subject to the banking and<br>credit laws of a foreign country, the<br>United States, a State, a U.S. territory,<br>or a subdivision thereof, or is subject to<br>supervision and examination by<br>agencies having regulatory oversight of<br>banking or similar institutions, is<br>relevant to, but not necessarily<br>determinative of, whether that entity<br>qualifies as a financial institution under<br>section 1471(d)(5)(A). Whether an entity<br>conducts a banking or similar business<br>is determined based upon the character<br>of the actual activities of such entity.</p>\n<br><p id='142' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>(3) Holding financial assets for others<br>as a substantial portion of its business\u2014<br>(i) Substantial portion\u2014(A) In general.<br>An entity holds financial assets for the<br>account of others as a substantial<br>portion of its business if the entity\u2019s<br>gross income attributable to holding<br>financial assets and related financial<br>services equals or exceeds 20 percent of<br>the entity\u2019s gross income during the<br>shorter of\u2014</p>\n<br><p id='143' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>(1) The three-year period ending on<br>December 31 of the year preceding the<br>year in which the determination is<br>made; or</p>\n<br><p id='144' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>(2) The period during which the<br>entity has been in existence before the<br>determination is made.</p>\n<br><p id='145' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>(B) Special rule for start-up entities.<br>An entity with no operating history as<br>of the date of the determination is<br>considered to hold financial assets for<br>the account of others as a substantial<br>portion of its business if the entity<br>expects to meet the gross income<br>threshold described in paragraph<br>(e)(3)(i)(B) of this section based on its<br>anticipated functions, assets, and<br>employees, with due consideration<br>given to any purpose or functions for<br>which the entity is licensed or regulated<br>(including those of any predecessor).</p>\n<br><p id='146' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>services. For purposes of this paragraph<br>(e)(3), income attributable to holding<br>financial assets and related financial<br>services means custody, account<br>maintenance, and transfer fees;<br>commissions and fees earned from<br>executing and pricing securities<br>transactions; income earned from<br>extending credit to customers with<br>respect to financial assets held in<br>custody (or acquired through such<br>extension of credit); income earned on<br>the bid-ask spread of financial assets;<br>and fees for providing financial advice<br>and for clearance and settlement<br>services.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2638672, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Loans</p>\n<br><p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>A corporation or partnership can receive loans from share-<br>holders or partners, and on the other hand a corporation<br>or partnership can make loans to shareholders or partners.<br>There is generally no taxable event when a corporation or<br>partnership repays a loan from a business owner, and no<br>taxable event when a corporation or partnership makes a<br>bona-fide loan to a shareholder or partner. However, fail-<br>ing to adhere to necessary formalities can put these trans-<br>actions in danger, allowing the IRS to step in and reclas-<br>sify the transactions, resulting in taxable income for the<br>business owners.</p>\n<p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)</p>\n<br><p id='39' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Taxation of an LLC falls into either a default category, or the<br>LLC makes an election on the manner of taxation. A sin-<br>gle-owner LLC is considered a disregarded entity and is<br>taxed as part of the owner\u2019s return: individuals (sole pro-<br>prietorship, rental property, or farming) or divisions of the<br>corporation or partnership. If the LLC makes an election to<br>be taxed as a corporation, either C corporation or the S cor-<br>poration rules apply. An LLC owned by more than one in-<br>dividual is taxed as a partnership by default. As with a sin-<br>gle-owner LLC, a multiple-owner LLC may make an elec-<br>tion to be taxed as a corporation.</p>\n<h1 id='40' style='font-size:22px'>Contact Us</h1>\n<br><p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>There are many events that occur during the year that can affect<br>your tax situation. Preparation of your tax return involves sum-<br>marizing transactions and events that occurred during the prior<br>year. In most situations, treatment is firmly established at the<br>time the transaction occurs. However, negative tax effects can<br>be avoided by proper planning. Please contact us in advance<br>if you have questions about the tax effects of a transaction or<br>event, including the following:</p>\n<br><p id='42' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 Pension or IRA distributions.<br>\u2022 Significant change in income or<br>deductions.<br>\u2022 Job change.<br>\u2022 Marriage.<br>\u2022 Attainment of age 59\u00bd or 72.<br>\u2022 Sale or purchase of a business.<br>\u2022 Sale or purchase of a residence<br>or other real estate.</p>\n<br><p id='43' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 Retirement.<br>\u2022 Notice from IRS or other<br>revenue department.<br>\u2022 Divorce or separation.<br>\u2022 Self-employment.<br>\u2022 Charitable contributions<br>of property in excess of<br>$5,000.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 49818, "type": "text", "content": "Application for the exception provided in Section 40-18-35(2) must be made in\nthe fol- \nlowing prescribed manner. Applicants must follow the statutory steps provided\nin Sec- \ntion 40-18-35(2) and provide: (1) Detailed financial data and corresponding\nwork papers \nproduced in the analysis of the circumstances particular to the taxpayer that\nmake the \nadjustment unreasonable pursuant to Rule 810-3-35-.02(3)(h), and/or (2) A\nsigned Al- \nternative Adjustment Agreement between the taxpayer and the Commissioner of\nRev- \nenue. Please note that the presence of a non-tax business purpose, arm\u2019s\nlength pricing, \nand economic substance of these transactions alone do not qualify for an\nexception \npursuant to Section 40-18-35(b)(2) and will not be accepted. See Section\n40-18-35(b)(3).\n\n\nSection 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 \u2013 Exemption related to \u00a740-18-35(b)(3)\n\n\nTo establish that the related member intangible/interest expenses qualify for\nthe ex- \nception in \u00a740-18-35(b)(3), provide the following:\n\n\n7\\. The amount of expense the taxpayer paid to the recipient related member,\nbut is not \nrequired to add back pursuant to \u00a740-18-35(b)(3).\n\n\n8\\. and 9. The recipient related member\u2019s receipts by category.\n\n\nExample:\n\n\n \n\nIntangible Receipts \u2013 (Royalties, Factoring Expenses, etc.)\n\n\n \n\nInterest Receipts\n\n\n \n\nGross receipts from the sale of tangible property\n\n\n \n\nRental Income\n\n\n10\\. If interest or intangible receipts are greater than any other category of\nreceipts, the \nrecipient related member is deemed to be \u201cprimarily engaged\u201d in the specified\nac- \ntivities and is not eligible for the exception in \u00a740-18-35(b)(3). If another\ncategory \nof receipts is greater than interest/intangible receipts, the recipient\nrelated member \nis deemed to be primarily engaged in an activity other than the financing of\nrelated \nmembers or the management of intangibles and satisfies part of the exception\nlisted \nin \u00a740-18-35(b)(3).\n\n\nNOTE: If the taxpayer is not primarily engaged in the financing of related\nmem- \nbers and the management of intangibles, it qualifies for only part of the\nexception \nlisted in \u00a740-18-35(b)(3). In order to qualify for the exception in full, the\ntaxpayer \nmust also sign Schedule AB.\n\n\nNOTE: To be eligible for the exception listed in \u00a740-18-35(b)(3), an informed\ncorporate \nofficer must affirm that the transaction(s) giving rise to the\ninterest/intangible expenses \ndoes not have as a principal purpose tax avoidance (which includes the\navoidance of a \nmeaningful amount of Alabama tax).\n\n\nSection 11 \u2013 Determining Your Exempt Amount\n\n\nTo determine the taxpayer\u2019s deductible amount of interest/intangible expenses,\nenter \nthe greater of Line 5g, Line 6A or 10a/10b.\n\n\nSections 12 and 13 should be completed by entering the total for all\nintangible/interest \npayments made to related members on Line 12 (sum of Line 4 for each related\nmem- \nber recipient) and the total exempt amount on Line 13 (sum of Line 11 for each\nrelated \nmember recipient). The totals from Lines 12 and 13 should be carried forward\nto Lines \n6a and 6b, Schedule A, Form 20C.\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1858769, "type": "text", "content": " \n\nIf your interests and gross income exceeded these thresholds, then for that \nbusiness entity you must list every source of income to the business entity \nwhich exceeded 10% of the business entity\u2019s gross income (computed on \nthe basis of the business entity's most recently completed fiscal year), the \nsource\u2019s address, and the source's principal business activity.\n\n\n \n\nExamples:\n\n\n \n\n\u2014 You are the sole proprietor of a dry cleaning business, from which \nyou received more than $5,000. If only one customer, a uniform rental \ncompany, provided more than 10% of your dry cleaning business, you \nmust list the name of the uniform rental company, its address, and its \nprincipal business activity (uniform rentals).\n\n\n \n\n\u2014 You are a 20% partner in a partnership that owns a shopping mall \nand your partnership income exceeded the above thresholds. List each \ntenant of the mall that provided more than 10% of the partnership's \ngross income and the tenant's address and principal business activity.\n\n\n \n\nPART C \u2014 REAL PROPERTY\n\n\n \n\n[Required by s. 112.3145(3)(b)3, F.S.]\n\n\n[Required by s. 112.3145(3)(b)2, F.S.]\n\n\n \n\nIn this part, list the location or description of all real property in Florida \nin which you owned directly or indirectly at any time during the disclosure \nperiod in excess of 5% of the property\u2019s value. You are not required to list \nyour residences. You should list any vacation homes if you derive income \nfrom them.\n\n\n \n\nIndirect ownership includes situations where you are a beneficiary of a \ntrust that owns the property, as well as situations where you own more than \n5% of a partnership or corporation that owns the property. The value of the \nproperty may be determined by the most recently assessed value for tax \npurposes, in the absence of a more accurate fair market value.\n\n\n \n\nThe location or description of the property should be sufficient to \nenable anyone who looks at the form to identify the property. A street \naddress should be used, if one exists.\n\n\n \n\nPART D \u2014 INTANGIBLE PERSONAL PROPERTY\n\n\nPART B \u2014 SECONDARY SOURCES OF INCOME\n\n\n \n\n[Required by s. 112.3145(3)(b)3, F.S.]\n\n\nThis part is intended to require the disclosure of major customers, \nclients, and other sources of income to businesses in which you own an \ninterest. It is not for reporting income from second jobs. That kind of income \nshould be reported in Part A \"Primary Sources of Income,\" if it meets the \nreporting threshold. You will not have anything to report unless, during the \ndisclosure period:\n\n\n \n\nDescribe any intangible personal property that, at any time during the \ndisclosure period, was worth more than $10,000 and state the business \nentity to which the property related. Intangible personal property includes \nthings such as cash on hand, stocks, bonds, certificates of deposit, vehicle \nleases, interests in businesses, beneficial interests in trusts, money owed \nyou (including, but not limited to, loans made as a candidate to your own \ncampaign), Deferred Retirement Option Program (DROP) accounts, the \nFlorida Prepaid College Plan, and bank accounts in which you have an \nownership interest. Intangible personal property also includes investment \nproducts held in IRAs, brokerage accounts, and the Florida College \nInvestment Plan. Note that the product contained in a brokerage account, \nIRA, or the Florida College Investment Plan is your asset\u2014not the account \nor plan itself. Things like automobiles and houses you own, jewelry, and \npaintings are not intangible property. Intangibles relating to the same \nbusiness entity may be aggregated; for example, CDs and savings \naccounts with the same bank. Property owned as tenants by the entirety or \nas joint tenants with right of survivorship, including bank accounts owned in \nsuch a manner, should be valued at 100%. The value of a leased vehicle \nis the vehicle\u2019s present value minus the lease residual (a number found on \nthe lease document).\n\n\n \n\n(1) You owned (either directly or indirectly in the form of an equitable \nor beneficial interest) more than 5% of the total assets or capital\n\n\n \n\nPART E \u2014 LIABILITIES period an interest in, or held any of certain positions\nwith the types of\n\n\n \n\nbusinesses listed above. You must make this disclosure if you own or\n\n\n \n\n[Required by s. 112.3145(3)(b)4, F.S.]\n\n\n \n\nList the name and address of each creditor to whom you owed more interest) at\nany time during the disclosure period more than 5% of the total\n\n\n \n\nthan $10,000 at any time during the disclosure period. The amount of the\nassets or capital stock of one of the types of business entities listed above.\n\n\n \n\nowned (either directly or indirectly in the form of an equitable or beneficial\n\n\nliability of a vehicle lease is the sum of any past-due payments and all You\nalso must complete this part of the form for each of these types of\n\n\n \n\nunpaid prospective lease payments. You are not required to list the amount\nbusinesses for which you are, or were at any time during the disclosure\n\n\n \n\nof any debt. You do not have to disclose credit card and retail installment\nperiod, an officer, director, partner, proprietor, or agent (other than a\nresident\n\n\n \n\naccounts, taxes owed (unless reduced to a judgment), indebtedness on agent\nsolely for service of process).\n\n\n \n\na life insurance policy owed to the company of issuance, or contingent\n\n\n \n\nliabilities. A \u201ccontingent liability\u201d is one that will become an actual\nliability\n\n\n \n\nonly when one or more future events occur or fail to occur, such as where\n\n\n \n\nyou are liable only as a guarantor, surety, or endorser on a promissory\n\n\n \n\nnote. If you are a \u201cco-maker\u201d and are jointly liable or jointly and severally\n\n\n \n\nIf you have or held such a position or ownership interest in one of\n\n\nliable, then it is not a contingent liability.\n\n\n \n\nthese types of businesses, list the name of the business, its address and\n\n\n \n\nprincipal business activity, and the position held with the business (if any).\nIf\n\n\n \n\nyou own(ed) more than a 5% interest in the business, indicate that fact and\n\n\nPART F \u2014 INTERESTS IN SPECIFIED BUSINESSES PART G \u2014 TRAINING CERTIFICATION\n\n\n \n\ndescribe the nature of your interest.\n\n\n[Required by s. 112.3145(6), F.S.] [Required by s. 112.3142, F.S.]\n\n\nfederally chartered banks; state and federal savings and loan associations;\nappointed school superintendent, or a commissioner of a community\n\n\n \n\nThe types of businesses covered in this disclosure include: state and If you\nare a Constitutional or elected municipal officer,\n\n\n \n\ncemetery companies; insurance companies; mortgage companies; credit\nredevelopment agency created under Part III, Chapter 163 whose\n\n\n \n\nunions; small loan companies; alcoholic beverage licensees; pari-mutuel\nservice began before March 31 of the year for which you are filing,\n\n\n \n\nService Commission; and entities granted a franchise to operate by either a\naddresses Article II, Section 8 of the Florida Constitution, the Code\n\n\n \n\nwagering companies, utility companies, entities controlled by the Public you\nare required to complete four hours of ethics training which\n\n\n \n\ncity or a county government. of Ethics for Public Officers and Employees, and\nthe public records\n\n\n \n\nDisclose in this part the fact that you owned during the disclosure this form\nthat you have taken such training.\n\n\n \n\nand open meetings laws of the state. You are required to certify on\n\n\n# IF YOU HAVE CHOSEN COMPARATIVE (PERCENTAGE) THRESHOLDS\n\n\n[Required by s. 112.3145(3)(a)1, F.S.]\n\n\nsources of income during the disclosure period. You do not have\n\n\n \n\n# THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS APPLY\n\n\nPart A is intended to require the disclosure of your principal\n\n\n \n\nPART A \u2014 PRIMARY SOURCES OF INCOME more than 5% of your gross income. Do not\naggregate all of\n\n\nto disclose any public salary or public position(s), but income from\n\n\n \n\nthese public sources should be included when calculating your gross\n\n\n \n\nyour investment income.\n\n\nspouse from property you own jointly (such as interest or dividends\n\n\n \n\nnot be disclosed; however, if there is joint income to you and your\n\n\n \n\nfrom a bank account or stocks), you should include all of that income \u2014 If\nmore than 5% of your gross income was in the form of\n\n\n \n\nincome for the disclosure period. The income of your spouse need\n\n\n \n\n\u2014 If more than 5% of your gross income was gain from the sale\n\n\n \n\nof property (not just the selling price), list as a source of income\n\n\n \n\nthe purchaser\u2019s name, address, and principal business activity.\n\n\nwhen calculating your gross income and disclose the source of that interest\nfrom one particular financial institution (aggregating\n\n\nprincipal business activity of each source of your income which\n\n\n \n\nexceeded 5% of the gross income received by you in your own name\n\n\n \n\nor by any other person for your benefit or use during the disclosure\n\n\n \n\nincome if it exceeded the threshold. interest from all CD\u2019s, accounts, etc.,\nat that institution), list the\n\n\n \n\nPlease list in this part of the form the name, address, and\n\n\nperiod. [Required by s. 112.3145(3)(a)2, F.S.]\n\n\n \n\nIf the purchaser's identity is unknown, such as where securities\n\n\n \n\nlisted on an exchange are sold through a brokerage firm, the\n\n\nactivity.\n\n\npurposes, even if the income is not actually taxable, such as interest\nclients, and other sources of income to businesses in which you own\n\n\n \n\nsource of income should be listed as \"sale of (name of company)\n\n\non tax-free bonds. Examples include: compensation for services, an interest.\nIt is not for reporting income from second jobs. That kind\n\n\n \n\nstock,\" for example.\n\n\nname of the institution, its address, and its principal business\n\n\nincome from business, gains from property dealings, interest, rents, of income\nshould be reported in Part A, \"Primary Sources of Income,\"\n\n\n \n\nPART B \u2014 SECONDARY SOURCES OF INCOME\n\n\ndividends, pensions, IRA distributions, social security, distributive if it\nmeets the reporting threshold. You will not have anything to report\n\n\n \n\n\"Gross income\" means the same as it does for income tax This part is intended\nto require the disclosure of major customers,\n\n\nshare of partnership gross income, and alimony, but not child support. unless\nduring the disclosure period:\n\n\n\u2014 If you were employed by a company that manufactures\n\n\n \n\nExamples: (1) You owned (either directly or indirectly in the form of an\n\n\ncomputers and received more than 5% of your gross income\n\n\ntotal gross income, list the name of the business, its address,\n\n\n \n\nfrom the company, list the name of the company, its address,\n\n\n \n\nand its principal business activity (computer manufacturing).\n\n\nbusiness activity (practice of law).\n\n\n \n\nequitable or beneficial interest) more than 5% of the total assets\n\n\n \n\nor capital stock of a business entity (a corporation, partnership,\n\n\n \n\netc., doing business in Florida); and,\n\n\nthen list the name of the firm, its address, and its principal\n\n\n \n\nof partnership gross income exceeded 5% of your gross income,\n\n\n \n\n\u2014 If you were a partner in a law firm and your distributive share business\nentity; and,\n\n\n \n\nLLC, limited partnership, proprietorship, joint venture, trust, firm,\n\n\nbusiness entity.\n\n\n \n\n(2) You received more than 10% of your gross income from that\n\n\n(3) You received more than $1,500 in gross income from that\n\n\n\u2014 If you were the sole proprietor of a retail gift business and\n\n\n \n\nyour gross income from the business exceeded 5% of your\n\n\n\u2014 If you received income from investments in stocks and principal business\nactivity.\n\n\n \n\nand its principal business activity (retail gift sales).\n\n\nbonds, list each individual company from which you derived\n\n\nCE FORM 1 - Effective: January 1, 2021. Incorporated by reference in Rule\n34-8.202, F.A.C. PAGE 5\n\n\n \n\nIf your interests and gross income exceeded these thresholds, then\n\n\n \n\nfor that business entity you must list every source of income to the\n\n\n \n\nbusiness entity which exceeded 10% of the business entity\u2019s gross\n\n\n \n\nincome (computed on the basis of the business entity\u2019s most recently\n\n\nPAGE 4\n\n\n \nCE FORM 1 - Effective: January 1, 2021. Incorporated by reference in Rule\n34-8.202, F.A.C..\n\n\n \n\ncompleted fiscal year), the source\u2019s address, and the source\u2019s\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 49819, "type": "text", "content": "ScheduleAB \n(Form 20C) \nRev. 7/08\n\n\n \n\n# 0800052C\n\n\n \n\n# ALABAMA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE \nAdd-Back Form\n\n\n# _________________________________________________________ Taxpayer FEIN:\n_________________________________\n\n\n \n\n# Taxpayer Name: Taxpayer Name\n\n\n \n\n99-9999999 For the tax period _________________________,\n\n\n \n\n01-01 20______ through ________________________, 20______ 08\n\n\n \n\n# 08\n\n\n \n\n# 12-31\n\n\n \n\nRelated member is defined to include a corporation, association, disregarded\nentity, or subchapter K entity (Alabama Code section 40-18-1(13) and (15)).\nDisregarded entities and subchapter K entities are\n\n\n \n\nIn order to qualify for the exemption presented in \u00a740-18-35(b)(3), Line 10b\nmust be greater than zero and an informed corporate officer must sign the\nstatement below, executed under penalty of perjury. With respect to the\ntransaction(s) giving rise to the \nmember\u2019s interest/intangible expenses and costs, including both the direct\ninterest/intangible expense transaction(s) between the taxpayer and the\nrelated member and any prior organizational restructuring transaction(s) that\nfacilitated such direct interest/intangible \nexpense transactions, tax avoidance (which included the avoidance of a\nmeaningful amount of Alabama tax) was not a principal motivating factor.\n\n\n \n\n# Corporate Officer \nSignature\n_______________________________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n \n\nrelated\n\n\nTitle ___________________________________________________________________ CFO\n\n\n \nTHIS FORM MUST BE ATTACHED TO FORM 20C.\n\n\n \nDate __________________________ 3/15/09\n\n\nADOR\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1014389, "type": "text", "content": " \n\n(2) Determination of entity type. A \nperson\u2019s entity classification for \npurposes of chapter 4 is the person\u2019s \nentity classification for U.S. federal \nincome tax purposes. Thus, for example, \nan entity that is disregarded as a legal \nentity in its country of organization or \nan arrangement that does not have a \nlegal personality and is not a juridical \nperson in the country in which it was \norganized will be treated as an entity for \npurposes of chapter 4 if it is an entity \nfor U.S. federal income tax purposes. A \nwithholding agent may rely upon a \nperson\u2019s entity classification contained \nin a valid Form W\u20138 or W\u20139 if the \nwithholding agent has no reason to \nknow that the entity classification is \nincorrect. A withholding agent that \nmakes a payment with respect to an \noffshore obligation may also rely upon \na written notification provided by the \nperson who receives the payment, \nregardless of whether such notification \nis signed, that indicates the person\u2019s \nentity classification (other than as a QI, \nWP, or WT) unless the withholding \nagent has reason to know that the entity \nclassification indicated by the person \nwho receives the payment is incorrect. \nA withholding agent may not rely on a \nperson\u2019s claim of classification other \nthan as a corporation if the person\u2019s \nname indicates that the person is a per \nse corporation described in \u00a7 301.7701\u2013 \n2(b)(8) of this chapter unless the \ncertificate or written statement contains \na statement that the person is a \ngrandfathered per se corporation \ndescribed in \u00a7 301.7701\u20132(b)(8) and that \nits grandfathered status has not been \nterminated.\n\n\n \n\n(b)(1) is not a determination that the \npayment can be reliably associated with \ndocumentation. See paragraph (c)(2) of \nthis section for rules on reliably \nassociating a payment with \ndocumentation if such payment is made \nthrough an intermediary.\n\n\n(3) Determination of whether the \npayment is made to a QI, WP, or WT. \nA withholding agent may treat the \nperson who receives a payment as a QI, \nWP, or WT if the withholding agent can \nreliably associate the payment with a \nvalid Form W\u20138IMY, as described in \nparagraph (c)(3)(iii) of this section, that \nindicates that the person who receives \nthe payment is a QI, WP, or WT, and the \nform contains the person\u2019s GIIN, in the \ncase of a QI or a WP or WT that is an \nFFI, or the person\u2019s QI\u2013EIN, WP\u2013EIN, or \nWT\u2013EIN in the case of a QI, WP, or WT \nthat is not an FFI.\n\n\n \n\nwith\n\n\n \n\nDSK5SPTVN1PROD\n\n\n \n\non\n\n\n \n\n(4) Determination of whether the \npayee is receiving effectively connected \nincome. A withholding agent may treat \na payment as being made to a payee that \nis receiving income that is effectively\n\n\nsroberts VerDate Mar<15>2010 18:04 Jan 25, 2013 Jkt 229001 PO 00000 Frm 00045\nFmt 4701 Sfmt 4700 E:\\FR\\FM\\28JAR2.SGM 28JAR2\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1858771, "type": "text", "content": "List the name and address of each creditor to whom you owed more \nthan $10,000 at any time during the disclosure period. The amount of the \nliability of a vehicle lease is the sum of any past-due payments and all \nunpaid prospective lease payments. You are not required to list the amount \nof any debt. You do not have to disclose credit card and retail installment \naccounts, taxes owed (unless reduced to a judgment), indebtedness on \na life insurance policy owed to the company of issuance, or contingent \nliabilities. A \u201ccontingent liability\u201d is one that will become an actual\nliability \nonly when one or more future events occur or fail to occur, such as where \nyou are liable only as a guarantor, surety, or endorser on a promissory \nnote. If you are a \u201cco-maker\u201d and are jointly liable or jointly and severally \nliable, then it is not a contingent liability.\n\n\n \n\nPART F \u2014 INTERESTS IN SPECIFIED BUSINESSES\n\n\n \n\n[Required by s. 112.3145(6), F.S.]\n\n\n \n\nThe types of businesses covered in this disclosure include: state and \nfederally chartered banks; state and federal savings and loan associations; \ncemetery companies; insurance companies; mortgage companies; credit \nunions; small loan companies; alcoholic beverage licensees; pari-mutuel \nwagering companies, utility companies, entities controlled by the Public \nService Commission; and entities granted a franchise to operate by either a \ncity or a county government.\n\n\nproducts held in IRAs, brokerage accounts, and the Florida College\n\n\n \n\nDisclose in this part the fact that you owned during the disclosure\n\n\n \n\nperiod an interest in, or held any of certain positions with the types of \nbusinesses listed above. You must make this disclosure if you own or \nowned (either directly or indirectly in the form of an equitable or beneficial \ninterest) at any time during the disclosure period more than 5% of the total \nassets or capital stock of one of the types of business entities listed above. \nYou also must complete this part of the form for each of these types of \nbusinesses for which you are, or were at any time during the disclosure \nperiod, an officer, director, partner, proprietor, or agent (other than a\nresident \nagent solely for service of process).\n\n\nIF YOU HAVE CHOSEN COMPARATIVE (PERCENTAGE) THRESHOLDS \nTHE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS APPLY\n\n\n \n\nPART A \u2014 PRIMARY SOURCES OF INCOME\n\n\n \n\n[Required by s. 112.3145(3)(a)1, F.S.]\n\n\n \n\nPart A is intended to require the disclosure of your principal \nsources of income during the disclosure period. You do not have \nto disclose any public salary or public position(s), but income from \nthese public sources should be included when calculating your gross \nincome for the disclosure period. The income of your spouse need \nnot be disclosed; however, if there is joint income to you and your \nspouse from property you own jointly (such as interest or dividends \nfrom a bank account or stocks), you should include all of that income \nwhen calculating your gross income and disclose the source of that \nincome if it exceeded the threshold.\n\n\n\"Gross income\" means the same as it does for income tax \npurposes, even if the income is not actually taxable, such as interest \non tax-free bonds. Examples include: compensation for services, \nincome from business, gains from property dealings, interest, rents, \ndividends, pensions, IRA distributions, social security, distributive \nshare of partnership gross income, and alimony, but not child support.\n\n\n \n\nPlease list in this part of the form the name, address, and \nprincipal business activity of each source of your income which \nexceeded 5% of the gross income received by you in your own name \nor by any other person for your benefit or use during the disclosure \nperiod.\n\n\n \n\nIf you are a Constitutional or elected municipal officer, \nappointed school superintendent, or a commissioner of a community \nredevelopment agency created under Part III, Chapter 163 whose \nservice began before March 31 of the year for which you are filing, \nyou are required to complete four hours of ethics training which \naddresses Article II, Section 8 of the Florida Constitution, the Code \nof Ethics for Public Officers and Employees, and the public records \nand open meetings laws of the state. You are required to certify on \nthis form that you have taken such training.\n\n\nExamples:\n\n\n \n\n\u2014 If you were employed by a company that manufactures \ncomputers and received more than 5% of your gross income \nfrom the company, list the name of the company, its address, \nand its principal business activity (computer manufacturing).\n\n\n \n\nIf you have or held such a position or ownership interest in one of \nthese types of businesses, list the name of the business, its address and \nprincipal business activity, and the position held with the business (if any).\nIf \nyou own(ed) more than a 5% interest in the business, indicate that fact and \ndescribe the nature of your interest.\n\n\n \n\nPART G \u2014 TRAINING CERTIFICATION\n\n\n \n\n[Required by s. 112.3142, F.S.]\n\n\n\u2014 If you were a partner in a law firm and your distributive share \nof partnership gross income exceeded 5% of your gross income, \nthen list the name of the firm, its address, and its principal \nbusiness activity (practice of law).\n\n\nCE FORM 1 - Effective: January 1, 2021. Incorporated by reference in Rule\n34-8.202, F.A.C.\n\n\n \n\n\u2014 If you were the sole proprietor of a retail gift business and \nyour gross income from the business exceeded 5% of your \ntotal gross income, list the name of the business, its address, \nand its principal business activity (retail gift sales).\n\n\n \n\nmore than 5% of your gross income. Do not aggregate all of \nyour investment income.\n\n\n\u2014 If you received income from investments in stocks and \nbonds, list each individual company from which you derived\n\n\n \n\n\u2014 If more than 5% of your gross income was gain from the sale \nof property (not just the selling price), list as a source of income \nthe purchaser\u2019s name, address, and principal business activity. \nIf the purchaser's identity is unknown, such as where securities \nlisted on an exchange are sold through a brokerage firm, the \nsource of income should be listed as \"sale of (name of company) \nstock,\" for example.\n\n\n(1) You owned (either directly or indirectly in the form of an \nequitable or beneficial interest) more than 5% of the total assets \nor capital stock of a business entity (a corporation, partnership, \nLLC, limited partnership, proprietorship, joint venture, trust, firm, \netc., doing business in Florida); and, \n(2) You received more than 10% of your gross income from that \nbusiness entity; and, \n(3) You received more than $1,500 in gross income from that \nbusiness entity.\n\n\n \n\n\u2014 If more than 5% of your gross income was in the form of \ninterest from one particular financial institution (aggregating \ninterest from all CD\u2019s, accounts, etc., at that institution), list the \nname of the institution, its address, and its principal business \nactivity.\n\n\n[Required by s. 112.3145(3)(a)2, F.S.]\n\n\n \n\nThis part is intended to require the disclosure of major customers, \nclients, and other sources of income to businesses in which you own \nan interest. It is not for reporting income from second jobs. That kind \nof income should be reported in Part A, \"Primary Sources of Income,\" \nif it meets the reporting threshold. You will not have anything to report \nunless during the disclosure period:\n\n\n \n\nPART B \u2014 SECONDARY SOURCES OF INCOME\n\n\nIf your interests and gross income exceeded these thresholds, then \nfor that business entity you must list every source of income to the \nbusiness entity which exceeded 10% of the business entity\u2019s gross \nincome (computed on the basis of the business entity\u2019s most recently \ncompleted fiscal year), the source\u2019s address, and the source\u2019s \nprincipal business activity.\n\n\nPAGE 5\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1014676, "type": "html", "content": "<br><p id='163' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>(ii) Financial assets. For purposes of<br>this paragraph, the term financial asset<br>means a security (as defined in section<br>475(c)(2) without regard to the last<br>sentence thereof), partnership interest,<br>commodity (as defined in section<br>475(e)(2)), notional principal contract<br>(as defined in \u00a7 1.446\u20133(c)), insurance<br>contract or annuity contract, or any<br>interest (including a futures or forward<br>contract or option) in a security,<br>partnership interest, commodity,<br>notional principal contract, insurance<br>contract, or annuity contract.</p>\n<br><p id='164' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>(iii) Primarily conducts as a<br>business\u2014(A) In general. An entity is<br>treated as primarily conducting as a<br>business one or more of the activities<br>described in paragraph (e)(4)(i)(A) of<br>this section if the entity\u2019s gross income<br>attributable to such activities equals or<br>exceeds 50 percent of the entity\u2019s gross<br>income during the shorter of\u2014</p>\n<br><p id='165' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>(1) The three-year period ending on<br>December 31 of the year preceding the<br>year in which the determination is<br>made; or</p>\n<br><p id='166' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>(2) The period during which the<br>entity has been in existence.</p>\n<br><p id='167' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>(B) Special rule for start-up entities.<br>An entity with no operating history as<br>of the date of the determination is<br>treated as primarily conducting as a<br>business one or more of the activities<br>described in paragraph (e)(4)(i)(A) of<br>this section if such entity expects to<br>meet the gross income threshold<br>described in paragraph (e)(4)(iii)(A) of<br>this section based on its anticipated<br>functions, assets, and employees, with<br>due consideration given to any purpose<br>or functions for which the entity is<br>licensed or regulated (including those of<br>any predecessor).</p>\n<br><p id='168' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>(iv) Primarily attributable to investing,<br>reinvesting, or trading in financial<br>assets\u2014(A) In general. An entity\u2019s gross<br>income is primarily attributable to<br>investing, reinvesting, or trading in<br>financial assets for purposes of<br>paragraph (e)(4)(i)(B) of this section if<br>the entity\u2019s gross income attributable to<br>investing, reinvesting, or trading in<br>financial assets equals or exceeds 50<br>percent of the entity\u2019s gross income<br>during the shorter of\u2014</p>\n<br><p id='169' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>(1) The three-year period ending on<br>December 31 of the year preceding the<br>year in which the determination is<br>made; or</p>\n<br><p id='170' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>(2) The period during which the<br>entity has been in existence.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	If a related member is categorized as a corporation with disregarded entities and has receipts distributed across multiple categories, how would you determine their primary engagement for exception eligibility?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 320, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["tabular reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 1852005, "type": "text", "content": "i jlpr 2021; doi 10.22376/ijpbs/lpr.2021.11.4.L70-76\n\n\n \n\n30\\. Gardner JM, Willem L, Van Der Wijngaart W, \nKamerlin SC, Brusselaers N, Kasson P. Intervention \nstrategies against COVID-19 and their estimated \nimpact on Swedish healthcare capacity. medRxiv. \n2020 Jan 1.DOI:10.1101/2020.04.11.20062133. \n31\\. Bloomberg. Mapping the Coronavirus outbreak across \nthe world [Internet]. Place unknown: Bloomberg; \n2020 [updated May 23; cited 2020 May 23]. Available \nfrom: https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2020- \ncoronavirus-cases-world-map/?itm_source=inline \n32\\. Ellyatt H. Sweden had no lockdown but its economy is \nexpected to suffer just as badly as its European \nneighbors [Internet]. Place unknown: CNBC; 2020 \n[updated May 23; cited 2020 May 23]. Available from: \nhttps://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/30/coronavirus- \nsweden-economy-to-contract-as-severely-as-the-rest- \nof-europe.html \n33\\. Cox J. Goldman sees a 15% jobless rate and 34% GDP \ndecline, followed by the fastest recovery in history \n[Internet]. Place unknown: CNBC; 2020 [updated \nMarch 31; cited 2020 May 27]. Available from: \nhttps://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/31/coronavirus- \nupdate-goldman-sees-15percent-jobless-rate-followed- \nby-record-rebound.html \n34\\. Nicola M, Alsafi Z, Sohrabi C, et al. The socio- \neconomic implications of the coronavirus pandemic \n(COVID-19): A review. International Journal of \nSurgery. 2020;78(1):185-193. \nDOI:10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018. \n35\\. CAN. Spain adds 280,000 jobless during April \nlockdown: Government [Internet]. Place unknown:\n\n\n \n\nAllied Sciences\n\n\n36.\n\n\n37.\n\n\n38.\n\n\n39.\n\n\n40.\n\n\n \n\nCNA; 2020 [updated May 5; cited 2020 May 28]. \nAvailable from: \nhttps://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/spain- \njobless-rate-slows-record-claim-unemployment-covid- \n19-12703906 \nBBC. UK employment rate at record high before \nlockdown [Internet]. Place unknown: BBC; 2020 \n[updated April 21; cited 2020 May 23]. Available \nfrom:. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/business- \n52364811 \nThomas L, Fernandez C. Lockdown pushes French \nunemployment to 11-year low in first quarter \n[Internet]. Place unknown: The Economic Times; 2020 \n[updated May 14; cited 2020 May 28]. Available from: \nhttps://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/internatio \nnal/business/lockdown-pushes-french-unemployment- \nto-11-year-low-in-first- \nquarter/articleshow/75732017.cms \nReuters. Update 1-Coronavirus lockdown hits \nGerman jobs, retail sales [Internet]. Place unknown: \nReuters;2020 [updated April 30; cited 2020 May 29]. \nAvailable from : https://www.reuters.com/article \n/germany-economy-retailsales/update-1-corona virus \nlockdown-hits-german-jobs-retailsalesidUSL8N2CI45B \nKassem AM. COVID-19: Mitigation or suppression?. \nArab J Gastroenterol. 2020 Mar;21(1):1-2. DOI: \n10.1016/j.ajg.2020.04.010. \nGianicolo E, Riccetti N, Blettner M, Karch A. \nEpidemiological measures in the context of the \nCOVID-19 pandemic. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2020 May \n;117(19):336-342. DOI:10.3238/arztebl.2020.0336.\n\n\nL-76\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1656450, "type": "text", "content": "# EXECUTIVE SUMMARY\n\n\nThe pandemic has entered a new phase. Covid-19 continues to spread, though at\nvaried speeds \nacross countries. Some advanced economies initially hard-hit by the crisis\nhave stabilized or reduced \ninfection rates, while some emerging market economies are seeing fast\ntransmission. Mobility \nrestrictions are generally being eased but social distancing is likely to\nprevail for some time.\n\n\n \n\nGlobal economic activity is starting to recover from a very low level.\nContact-intensive services \nhave been particularly hard hit, but recent indicators point to stabilization\nor a slight pickup. Financial \nconditions have eased on extensive policy support, including for some emerging\nmarket economies \nthat are seeing a return of capital inflows. Commodity prices have stabilized\nor inched up.\n\n\n \n\nGlobal output is projected to decline by 4.9 percent this year. The markdown\nsince April reflects \na deeper contraction during necessary lockdowns than previously anticipated.\nInflation has edged \ndown further. A tepid recovery is expected for next year, and potential\nscarring through bankruptcies \nand persistent unemployment weigh on the outlook. Poverty and inequality are\nset to worsen.\n\n\n \n\nUncertainty remains very high. Activity could pick up faster than expected in\neconomies that have \nreopened, and medical breakthroughs on treatments and vaccines could lift\nconfidence and activity. \nYet, a further spread of the disease could lead to widespread disruption.\nStretched asset valuations, \npolitical instability, volatile commodity prices, rising protectionism, and\nnatural disasters pose risks.\n\n\n \n\nPolicy support has been extensive across most G-20 economies. Fiscal policy\nprovided support to \nindividuals, firms, and the health sector. Amid low inflation, monetary policy\nwas eased decisively \nthrough policy interest rate cuts and unconventional measures to help the\nfunctioning of markets. \nRegulators have allowed banks to use capital and liquidity buffers to support\nlending.\n\n\n \n\nPolicymakers must continue providing robust safety nets while ensuring\nfoundations for a \nresilient and inclusive recovery. Unemployment rates are high and unlikely to\nreturn to pre-crisis \nlevels quickly. Provision of adequate unemployment insurance and social\nprotection therefore remains \nnecessary. With continued weak activity, bankruptcies are set to rise, leaving\ngovernments with \ndifficult choices on whether and how to support firms. Liquidity provision\nmight be enough for \nindustries where revenue losses appear temporary, while equity injections may\nbe needed for some \ninsolvent firms that are essential for fighting the pandemic or on which many\nothers depend. \nMoreover, support measures should not hinder the reallocation of workers\ntoward expanding sectors. \nAlongside, any lifting of lockdown measures should be supported by public\nhealth measures to \nmaintain control over the disease. Though policy needs are similar across\ncountries, financial and \nadministrative capacity to implement them vary widely. Economies with less\nfiscal space will have to \nprioritize health and social spending.\n\n\n \n\nCollective efforts by the G-20 are essential to end the health crisis and\nreignite growth. \nPolicymakers must work together to guarantee production and distribution of\ngoods and health \nsupplies essential to fight the pandemic, especially vaccines. Trade\nrestrictions on essential goods \nshould be lifted, as they slow the fight against the pandemic. Developing\neconomies need support to \nfinance critical spending, making all countries safer. Advance planning is\nneeded as the global financial \nsafety net could be further tested. Remaining uncertainties around the G-20\nDebt Service Suspension \nInitiative should be clarified. Without vigilance and collaboration, the\npandemic will continue to \nspread. Every opportunity must be seized to promote a stronger, more\ninclusive, and greener future.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2747343, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='9' style='font-size:14px'>Doc. 15310 Report</header>\n<p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Moreover, long-term investment strategies are needed to enhance public health systems and make them<br>more adaptable to facilitating quick responses in the future, shifting the focus of health-care systems to<br>disease prevention and health promotion, linking up health-care and social care services to better support<br>vulnerable groups, especially the elderly, and attracting more doctors and care providers to disadvantaged<br>areas. States should also invest more in upgrading and adapting their education systems, boosting the<br>capacity, quality, efficiency, affordability and accessibility of public services, as well as enhancing access to<br>social housing and green areas for low-income families through integrated housing development strategies,<br>and mainstreaming Sustainable Development Goals through public and private sectors. In addition, an<br>economic growth strategy combined with social policies is needed so as to focus on changing the composition<br>of output whilst stabilising the economy and meeting the objective of improving well-being.</p>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>29. It is by no means easy to formulate policy recommendations to States with widely differing capacities<br>for facing the pandemic and the socio-economic hardship. I would like to argue in favour of a paradigm shift<br>so as to avoid repeating errors of past reactions to economic and financial crises based on massive austerity<br>and cuts in public expenditure. It is encouraging that major international organisations (such as the OECD)<br>and institutions (such as the World Bank) are calling for States to invest and co-ordinate their policies rather<br>than tighten their budgetary belts. Indeed, as the joint statement (issued during the Spring Meetings 2021) of<br>189 member countries of the World Bank Group and the International Monetary Fund underlines, \u201cstrong<br>international co-ordination is urgently needed to contain the impacts of the pandemic, resume progress toward<br>countries\u2019 development goals, and lay the groundwork for green, resilient, and inclusive development\u201d<br>because \u201ca global recovery will require sustained, differentiated, and targeted financial and technical support<br>to governments and the private sector.\u201d30</p>\n<br><p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>30. I believe that we should follow up on the recent key Assembly\u2019s recommendations to member States in<br>order to help shield the most vulnerable people and businesses with expansionist social and economic<br>policies; to contain epidemic outbreaks using tried and tested, effective and as far as possible evidence-based<br>public health measures that are implemented in a human rights-compliant way (as recommended in the<br>Assembly Resolution 2329 (2020)); and to minimise harm to the economic system while putting the people<br>and the planet first. This, in my opinion, implies \u2013 first and foremost \u2013 that when delivering multilateral financial<br>support to member States, no punitive conditionalities such as austerity measures should apply if they could<br>harm social protection systems, health systems or fundamental rights as defined in the revised European<br>Social Charter and the European Convention on Human Rights (ETS No. 5). At the same time, support for<br>enterprises at national level should promote social and environmental goals as part of the overarching public<br>interest in pursuing sustainable development. For instance, the Austrian support programme outlaws<br>workforce reductions for enterprises benefiting from governmental support. In general, it seems unethical for<br>enterprises to pay out dividends to shareholders while receiving financial support from the State and laying off<br>workers.</p>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>31. In its statement on \u201cCovid-19 and Social Rights\u201d of 22 April 2021, the European Committee of Social<br>Rights (ECSR) urged States to invest in \u201csocial rights and in their delivery \u2013 consistent with the use of<br>maximum available resources,\u201d underlining that the European Social Charter provides a framework which will<br>help \u201cmitigate the adverse impact of the crisis and accelerate the post-pandemic social and economic<br>recovery.\u201d The ECSR also asks States to assess if their legal and policy frameworks are sufficient \u201cto ensure a<br>Charter-compliant response to the challenges presented by Covid-19.\u201d31</p>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>32. We should urge member States to take a concerted approach for a robust and equitable economic<br>recovery based on strengthening not only social cohesion but also quality in economic performance, thus<br>underpinning democratic legitimacy in the process.32 Member States should evaluate the measures taken to<br>contain the pandemic with regard to their effect against the spread of Sars-CoV-2 (effectiveness) and negative<br>impacts on economy and society (collateral damage). An unchecked pandemic would cause its own collateral<br>damage on the economy and on society and, given the existing inequalities, lead to a scenario of social<br>Darwinism leaving the most vulnerable groups most exposed to the threats of the pandemic and its long-term</p>\n<p id='15' data-category='footnote' style='font-size:14px'>30. \u201cWorking toward a green, resilient, and inclusive recovery\u201d, feature story of 9 April 2021, and press release,<br>respectively<br>www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2021/04/09/working-toward-a-green-resilient-and-inclusive-recovery<br>www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2021/04/09/world-bank-imf-spring-meetings-2021-development-<br>committee-communique.<br>31. www.coe.int/en/web/european-social-charter/social-rights-in-times-of-pandemic.<br>32. Resolution 2158 (2017) \u201cFighting income inequality: a means of fostering social cohesion and economic<br>development\u201d.</p>\n<footer id='16' style='font-size:14px'>13</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2551630, "type": "text", "content": "COVID-19 UPDATE REPORT\n\n\n# 5\\. CONCLUSIONS\n\n\nThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a severe negative impact on the world\u2019s economy,\nespecially on those \ncountries under stricter lockdown measures. Countries with a high share of\ncontact-intensive services \nin their economy, including tourism, have suffered the biggest impact of the\nrestrictions. Even though \nthere is a slow economic growth trend worldwide, it is still challenging to\npredict how the future will \nlook like considering the uncertainty around the pandemic.\n\n\nThere are also big differences in the recovery speed among countries,\ndepending on the pre-existing \npolitical, economic and social capacities and resilience. According to the\nGlobal Competitiveness Report \n(special edition 2020)100 of the World Economic Forum, several common features\nwere identified that \nallowed the countries to better mitigate the economic impact of Covid-19: a)\nadvanced digitalization \nthat helped countries to continue running significant segments of their\neconomy remotely; b) pre- \nexisting safety nets and financial soundness; c) balanced public health\npolicies with economic and social \npolicies; d) good governance and planning; e) good health system and research\ncapacity (including the \naccessibility of health services by a large fraction of the population).\n\n\nBearing these in mind, the EaP counties face several disadvantages. The\neconomic situation in the \nEastern Partnership was difficult even in the pre-pandemic context. The\noutbreak of the pandemic \nplaced a heavy burden on already fragile institutions, policies, and economic\nsectors in the region. \nAmong others, high share of the unregulated markets, high dependency on the\nremittances, lack of \ndiversification of the GDP contributors (e.g. high dependency on hydrocarbon\nproduction in \nAzerbaijan), added to the increased poverty level across the region. The\ngovernments\u2019 measures to \nmitigate the health crisis led to the full, or partial, closure of many\nbusinesses, resulting in the increased \nlevel of unemployment, while crisis response packages, did not ease pressure\nfrom businesses and \nhouseholds.\n\n\nThe low technological and digital capacities and a slow pace of skills\nadvancements, as well as the high \nshare of the economic sectors largely dependent on physical labour, created\nadditional burdens for the \nregion\u2019s economy and most likely will affect the recovery speed. To slow down\nthe deepening existing \neconomic and social inequalities in the region, it is important to provide\nadditional support to workers \nin rural businesses and with lower up-to-date skills, as well as women and\nyounger employees in \ndifferent economic sectors.\n\n\n100 http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2020.pdf\n\n\nCovid-19 update\n\n\n \n37\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 135257, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Respondents from the Eastern States were the most enthusiastic about the growth benefits of the<br>GECL. Respondents from the Western states, which had seen the most adverse impact of the<br>Lockdown, were the most uncertain and least optimistic about the business growth impact of the GECL<br>(Table 3.20).</p>\n<table id='22' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td colspan=\"4\">GECL Impact on Future Business Volume</td></tr><tr><td>ZONE</td><td>Can't Say</td><td>No</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><td>Central</td><td>13%</td><td>39%</td><td>48%</td></tr><tr><td>East</td><td>12%</td><td>13%</td><td>76%</td></tr><tr><td>North</td><td>27%</td><td>23%</td><td>50%</td></tr><tr><td>South</td><td>21%</td><td>35%</td><td>44%</td></tr><tr><td>West</td><td>28%</td><td>27%</td><td>45%</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Table 3.20: Business Growth Benefits of GECL Across Zones</p>\n<p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>A nalysis of Lockdown Severity and Liquidity and Growth Benefits of GECL Across States</p>\n<br><p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Rank correlation analysis was conducted across states based on the percentage of respondents who<br>had seen an adverse impact of the Lockdown, percentage of respondents who perceived liquidity<br>benefits of GECL and percentage of respondents who had perceived business growth benefits of GECL.<br>The results are given in Table 3.21.</p>\n<br><p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>In general, there was a weak but positive correlation between liquidity and business growth benefits<br>of GECL across States.</p>\n<br><p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>A positive correlation of 0.43 for adverse impact of lockdown and liquidity benefit of GECL across<br>States implied that for the States which had felt the lockdown impact more severely, the GECL scheme<br>had provided larger liquidity benefits whereas a negative correlation of -0.14 for lockdown impact and<br>growth impact of GECL implied that for States where the lockdown impact was more severe, the GECL<br>scheme did not improve the long term growth prospects of business.</p>\n<br><table id='28' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td></td><td>Adverse Impact of Lockdown</td><td>GECL Beneficial for GECL Beneficial for Liquidity Business Growth</td></tr><tr><td>Adverse Impact of Lockdown</td><td>1.00 0.43</td><td>-0.14</td></tr><tr><td>GECL Beneficial for Liquidity</td><td>1.00</td><td>0.37</td></tr><tr><td>GECL Beneficial for Business Growth</td><td></td><td>1.00</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Table 3.21: Rank Correlation of Adverse Business Impact of Lockdown, Liquidity Benefit of GECL and<br>Business Growth Benefit of GECL Across States</p>\n<footer id='30' style='font-size:14px'>23</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 135256, "type": "html", "content": "<table id='11' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>Disbursement Amount</td><td>Supplier Dues</td><td>Restart Operations</td><td>Pay Salaries</td><td>Pay loans</td><td>Other</td></tr><tr><td>0 < D \u2264 10,000</td><td>30%</td><td>38%</td><td>20%</td><td>4%</td><td>18%</td></tr><tr><td>10,001 \u2264 D \u2264 50,000</td><td>41%</td><td>53%</td><td>26%</td><td>5%</td><td>19%</td></tr><tr><td>50,001 \u2264 D \u2264 1,00,000</td><td>54%</td><td>54%</td><td>37%</td><td>5%</td><td>18%</td></tr><tr><td>1,00,001 \u2264 D \u2264 5,00,000</td><td>56%</td><td>48%</td><td>45%</td><td>6%</td><td>17%</td></tr><tr><td>5,00,001 \u2264 D \u2264 10,00,000</td><td>69%</td><td>40%</td><td>48%</td><td>3%</td><td>20%</td></tr><tr><td>10,00,001 \u2264 D</td><td>87%</td><td>40%</td><td>47%</td><td>0%</td><td>20%</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Table 3.18: Application of GECL Funds by Disbursement Amounts</p>\n<p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>B enefit of ECLGS in Improving Business Volumes and Growth</p>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>As shown in Graph 3.6, 52% of the respondents believed that the GECL scheme would help to improve<br>business volumes in the longer term. This was significantly lower than the proportion which felt that<br>GECL scheme would ease short term financial problems (87%). Furthermore, the uncertainty of the<br>long term growth impact of GECL was also fairly high (22%). This suggests that most respondents may<br>use GECL for liquidity support, rather than business growth.</p>\n<figure data-category='chart'><img id='15' style='font-size:18px' alt=\"Will Availability of GECL Improve Business\nVolumes\n22%\n52%\n26%\nYes No Can't Say\" data-coord=\"top-left:(187,627); bottom-right:(911,1021)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='16' style='font-size:14px'>Graph 3.6: Business Growth Benefit of GECL</h1>\n<br><p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>More of the entities which received larger disbursements amounts under ECLGS were optimistic about<br>the long term growth benefits of the scheme (Table 3.19).</p>\n<table id='18' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td colspan=\"4\">Will Availability of GECL Improve Business Volumes?</td></tr><tr><td>Disbursement Amounts</td><td>Can't Say</td><td>No</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><td>0 < D \u2264 10,000</td><td>23%</td><td>28%</td><td>49%</td></tr><tr><td>10,001 \u2264 D \u2264 50,000</td><td>25%</td><td>33%</td><td>42%</td></tr><tr><td>50,001 \u2264 D \u2264 1,00,000</td><td>19%</td><td>20%</td><td>61%</td></tr><tr><td>1,00,001 \u2264 D \u2264 5,00,000</td><td>21%</td><td>24%</td><td>55%</td></tr><tr><td>5,00,001 \u2264 D \u2264 10,00,000</td><td>21%</td><td>21%</td><td>59%</td></tr><tr><td>10,00,001 \u2264 D</td><td>13%</td><td>6%</td><td>81%</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Table 3.19: Business Growth Benefits of GECL by Disbursement Amounts</p>\n<footer id='20' style='font-size:14px'>22</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 519578, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='61' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>mixed views among employees about working<br>remotely from home, which is probably an aspect<br>of the lockdowns that will last well into the<br>future. Parents with young families often found<br>themselves less productive, while those with no<br>children were enthused by the opportunity to<br>cut out commuting time, save energy and costs<br>and adopt a new virtual-world style of working.</p>\n<h1 id='62' style='font-size:20px'>1.5 POLICY INTERVENTIONS: THE FIRST MONTHS OF THE<br>PANDEMIC (JANUARY\u2013JULY 2020)</h1>\n<br><p id='63' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>We invited all our GEM National Teams to send<br>us their individual \u201cEconomy Snapshot\u201d of the<br>observable negative and positive initial effects of<br>the COVID-19 pandemic and policy reactions by<br>governments. We also asked our teams \u2014 where<br>possible, recognizing that it is still early days \u2014 to<br>look into the crystal ball and predict a future for<br>entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship Framework<br>Conditions based on what they have been<br>observing. A total of 54 economies are represented<br>in Part 3 of this report. These individual snapshots<br>allow us to draw some general conclusions<br>that will be helpful for policymakers moving<br>forward, with particular regard to making sense<br>of the entrepreneurship context for future<br>decision-making.</p>\n<br><p id='64' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>We present evidence that all 54 national<br>governments took emergency policy decisions<br>and action as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.<br>Unprecedented amounts of state aid were<br>channelled into propping up economies around<br>the globe. There are both differences and<br>similarities between countries, often depending<br>on the wealth of their economies. Developing<br>economies are especially compromised in their<br>ability to face a crisis of any kind, but doubly<br>so in the case of a pandemic owing to a lack of<br>developed health and social security systems.<br>And they may be triply compromised if they have<br>\u201cpre-existing conditions\u201d such as problems with<br>terrorism, corruption, social upheaval or national<br>debt (Argentina, Burkina Faso and Chile being<br>cases in point).</p>\n<br><p id='65' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>To an exceptionally large extent, apart from<br>imposing lockdowns to protect citizens\u2019 health<br>and health systems from collapse, policymakers\u2019</p>\n<br><p id='66' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Companies have examined liabilities such as<br>expensive real estate and are rethinking office<br>space and use. At the same time, they will be<br>concerned about the psychological effects of<br>working from home, with loneliness, isolation,<br>anxiety, stress and pressure to hustle almost<br>24/7 becoming new challenges for many of their<br>employees.</p>\n<p id='67' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>main emphasis has been on avoiding mass<br>unemployment and the sort of downturn in<br>consumption that would lead to a domino effect of<br>business closures, job losses and mass hardship<br>and poverty. In terms of immediate measures,<br>governments favoured direct interventions<br>such as extending deadlines for filing or<br>paying taxes. Many developed and developing<br>economies introduced stimulus packages to keep<br>consumption going and thus businesses afloat<br>during the crisis. The term \u201cfurloughing\u201d entered<br>the vernacular, with subsidized leave of absence<br>or government-paid \u201cwork from home\u201d schemes<br>being introduced to assist employers in retaining<br>their employees during lockdowns. As an<br>example, 20% of workers in Europe\u2019s five largest<br>economies were furloughed using state aid during<br>the lockdowns.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1656462, "type": "text", "content": "\u2022 Phase 1: Entering lockdown. In the lockdown phase where containment is key,\nall efforts are \ndevoted to controlling the spread of the disease and saving lives, especially\nthrough mitigation \nmeasures. The health system needs enough resources to fight the pandemic.\nEconomic policies \nshould be focused on producing and distributing essential supplies, cushioning\nincome losses for \npeople, and enabling the shift of resources away from sectors that will likely\nbe smaller after the \npandemic. Examples include temporary tax breaks, targeted cash transfers, wage\nsubsidies, paid \nsick and family leave, temporary credit guarantees and liquidity provision for\nfinancial systems.\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Phase 2: Tentative easing. Once the spread has come under control, the next\nphase is a gradual \nreopening, where health experts may advise on a phased relaxation of\nmitigation measures. Some \neconomic activities may gradually resume when it is safe to do so, but risks\nof disruptions remain \nelevated. Policies should aim at supporting a nascent recovery and preparing\nfor the future while \nmanaging constraints, risks, and the legacies from the containment phase. A\nkey objective is to \nreduce uncertainty to restore confidence, for example with testing and contact\ntracing, to limit the \nneed for stricter containment measures, and with stress-testing of financial\nsystems. A progressive \nunwinding of targeted support is needed as economic activity picks up\u2014but any\nwithdrawal of \nsupport should be gradual to guard the recovery. Policies should not\ndisincentivize the \nreallocation of workers to expanding sectors, and significant training will be\nneeded to prevent \npersistent unemployment.\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Phase 3: Escape. Once the disease is effectively controlled, likely due to\nthe development of \neffective treatments and vaccines, health risk subsides, and lockdown measures\nare fully lifted, \nnormal economic activity can resume, and the recovery can take hold. Policies\nshould focus on \nmanaging business cycles, addressing the legacies of the prior phases,\nbuilding resilience, and \npromoting inclusion. Where fiscal space is available, public investment can\naccelerate the recovery \nand provide employment to lower-skilled workers, including through investments\nthat would also \nbolster potential output, such as in green infrastructure, health care\nsystems, and education.\n\n\n18\\. Emerging market economies face steeper trade-offs and may need to support\npeople \nmore than firms. Many emerging market economies are lifting containment\nmeasures to revive \neconomic activity and alleviate economic pressures on the poor, despite\ncontinued spread of the \ndisease and limited health care capacity. While this may allow activity to\npick up, the elevated risk of \ninfection will likely depress consumption, work, and productivity. Amid\nlimited fiscal policy space and \ntight external financing conditions in some economies, policy support is\nlikely to rely more on \nmonetary than on fiscal policy relative to advanced economies, provided that\ninflation is contained,\n\n\nINTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND 13\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1852012, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='83' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>i jlpr 2021; doi 10.22376/ijpbs/lpr.2021.11.4.L70-76</p>\n<br><p id='84' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>30. Gardner JM, Willem L, Van Der Wijngaart W,<br>Kamerlin SC, Brusselaers N, Kasson P. Intervention<br>strategies against COVID-19 and their estimated<br>impact on Swedish healthcare capacity. medRxiv.<br>2020 Jan 1.DOI:10.1101/2020.04.11.20062133.<br>31. Bloomberg. Mapping the Coronavirus outbreak across<br>the world [Internet]. Place unknown: Bloomberg;<br>2020 [updated May 23; cited 2020 May 23]. Available<br>from: https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2020-<br>coronavirus-cases-world-map/?itm_source=inline<br>32. Ellyatt H. Sweden had no lockdown but its economy is<br>expected to suffer just as badly as its European<br>neighbors [Internet]. Place unknown: CNBC; 2020<br>[updated May 23; cited 2020 May 23]. Available from:<br>https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/30/coronavirus-<br>sweden-economy-to-contract-as-severely-as-the-rest-<br>of-europe.html<br>33. Cox J. Goldman sees a 15% jobless rate and 34% GDP<br>decline, followed by the fastest recovery in history<br>[Internet]. Place unknown: CNBC; 2020 [updated<br>March 31; cited 2020 May 27]. Available from:<br>https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/31/coronavirus-<br>update-goldman-sees-15percent-jobless-rate-followed-<br>by-record-rebound.html<br>34. Nicola M, Alsafi Z, Sohrabi C, et al. The socio-<br>economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic<br>(COVID-19): A review. International Journal of<br>Surgery. 2020;78(1):185-193.<br>DOI:10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018.<br>35. CAN. Spain adds 280,000 jobless during April<br>lockdown: Government [Internet]. Place unknown:</p>\n<br><p id='85' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Allied Sciences</p>\n<p id='86' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>36.</p>\n<p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>37.</p>\n<p id='88' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>38.</p>\n<p id='89' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>39.</p>\n<p id='90' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>40.</p>\n<br><p id='91' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>CNA; 2020 [updated May 5; cited 2020 May 28].<br>Available from:<br>https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/spain-<br>jobless-rate-slows-record-claim-unemployment-covid-<br>19-12703906<br>BBC. UK employment rate at record high before<br>lockdown [Internet]. Place unknown: BBC; 2020<br>[updated April 21; cited 2020 May 23]. Available<br>from:. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-<br>52364811<br>Thomas L, Fernandez C. Lockdown pushes French<br>unemployment to 11-year low in first quarter<br>[Internet]. Place unknown: The Economic Times; 2020<br>[updated May 14; cited 2020 May 28]. Available from:<br>https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/internatio<br>nal/business/lockdown-pushes-french-unemployment-<br>to-11-year-low-in-first-<br>quarter/articleshow/75732017.cms<br>Reuters. Update 1-Coronavirus lockdown hits<br>German jobs, retail sales [Internet]. Place unknown:<br>Reuters;2020 [updated April 30; cited 2020 May 29].<br>Available from : https://www.reuters.com/article<br>/germany-economy-retailsales/update-1-corona virus<br>lockdown-hits-german-jobs-retailsalesidUSL8N2CI45B<br>Kassem AM. COVID-19: Mitigation or suppression?.<br>Arab J Gastroenterol. 2020 Mar;21(1):1-2. DOI:<br>10.1016/j.ajg.2020.04.010.<br>Gianicolo E, Riccetti N, Blettner M, Karch A.<br>Epidemiological measures in the context of the<br>COVID-19 pandemic. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2020 May<br>;117(19):336-342. DOI:10.3238/arztebl.2020.0336.</p>\n<footer id='92' style='font-size:14px'>L-76</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 845295, "type": "text", "content": "6\\. There has been a persistent marginalization of our \ncitizenry resulting in exploitation, dispensability, and \nforced displacement. We must recognize who and where \nour citizens are, their interests and needs, their role in \nsociety, and their living conditions. We must actively \nrecognize that all our citizens play a vital role in our \nsuccess as a country and that no one is redundant or \nirrelevant in our economy or communities.\n\n\nWe must address the inequality, ideas of dispensability, \nredundancy, and invisibilizing of people and their \nproblems as well as strengthen their civil rights and \nliberties, including freedom of movement and rights to \nfood, work, business, and dignity.\n\n\n7\\. Information technologies can be excellent tools to \ndisseminate information and maintain transparency \nfor people, but the digital divide must be recognized. \nTechnology cannot be a substitute for active mediation \nbetween people and the State, which is better achieved \nthrough strengthening ground-level administration as \nmediators.\n\n\nWe must address the impact of technology on \nindividual and collective rights and freedoms, including \nsurveillance, exclusion, and the digital divide.\n\n\n8\\. Short-term actions such as ensuring food security \nand subsidizing energy use are currently needed \nfor humanitarian reasons and to jump-start the \neconomy. There are opportunities to achieve both \neconomic recovery and environmental benefits in \nareas of restoration that offer job relief and long-term \noutcomes. However, these efforts can also produce \nmacroeconomic trade-offs and job conversion.\n\n\nWe must take immediate steps to meet this year\u2019s \nharvesting and planting requirements to ensure food \nsecurity and subsidize actions and technologies that \nreduce water and electricity use, emissions, and air \npollution.\n\n\n1 \nSee Glossary of Abbreviations\n\n\n \n\n9\\. The importance of a green recovery is vital for the \ncountry, and MSME1s will play a key role. MSMEs \nhave experienced a cash flow problem with delays in \npayments and receivables for which we lack data to \nshape appropriate responses. Banks are also often \nunwilling to on-lend to MSMEs. Efforts to boost jobs \nand growth must begin with a long-term vision for how \nMSMEs will be reinvigorated after the lockdown period.\n\n\nWe need to enact decentralized economic reforms that \nassist small businesses (including farmers), including \npaying all government and public sector outstanding \ndues, providing cheap, low-interest business credit, and \na time-bound credit guarantee by the government on \nincremental loans to induce financial institutions to lend \nto MSMEs. We need strategies that will allow MSMEs \nto explore environmental challenges as business \nopportunities coupled with the economic reforms.\n\n\n10\\. In India, about 60% of the total net sown area comes \nunder rainfed lands. These areas also provide the \nlargest number of low-paid migrant labour to cities and \nindustrial sectors who have been severely affected by \nthis pandemic.\n\n\nWe must improve farmers\u2019 livelihoods and promote \nlocal agricultural value chains to enable farmers to \ncapture a greater share of the value generated.\n\n\n7\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Given the correlation results, explain what strategic advice would you give to a state that was severely impacted by the lockdown to maximize the GECL benefits?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 322, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 80318, "type": "text", "content": "# Bookmark File PDF Chevy Caprice Manual\n\n\n# Chevy Caprice Manual\n\n\n \n\nRecognizing the mannerism ways to acquire this book chevy caprice manual is\nadditionally useful. You have remained in right site to start \ngetting this info. acquire the chevy caprice manual colleague that we have\nenough money here and check out the link.\n\n\nYou could buy guide chevy caprice manual or get it as soon as feasible. You\ncould quickly download this chevy caprice manual after getting \ndeal. So, behind you require the ebook swiftly, you can straight acquire it.\nIt's suitably very easy and as a result fats, isn't it? 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First introduced in 1965, it\nenjoyed ...\n\n\nChevrolet Caprice Free Workshop and Repair Manuals \nView and Download Chevrolet Caprice 2014 owner's manual online. Police Patrol\nVehicle. Caprice 2014 automobile pdf manual download.\n\n\n \n\nCHEVROLET CAPRICE 2014 OWNER'S MANUAL Pdf Download ...\n\n\n \nPage 1/4\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3277902, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>For that price, the base Spark does not include air conditioning, and comes with a manual<br>transmission. The second generation Spark is still sold, though branded as a 'Spark Lite'. In Iran<br>, the Matiz was produced first imported and later assembled and known as Daewoo Matiz. Sales<br>commenced in February , with two specifications launched. The LS was the base specification,<br>which features steel wheels, central locking as well as Holden's MyLink infotainment system.<br>Although, it continued to be sold in New Zealand until the demise of the Holden brand in From<br>Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Motor vehicle. Petrol : 0. Holden Spark Australasia [77]. Petrol<br>: 1. Retrieved 12 October Green Car Reports. Retrieved 20 June Retrieved 9 October Archived<br>from the original on 13 December Retrieved 24 October Archived from the original on 6 March<br>Retrieved 24 January Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 6 August Auto Types. Retrieved 8<br>September Best Selling Cars. Retrieved 18 December Archived from the original on 26<br>November GM Media: China News release. General Motors. Euro NCAP. Retrieved 6 January<br>Frank Williams. Retrieved 17 December Archived from the original on 15 June Retrieved 17<br>September Detroit News, Christine Tierney. Archived from the original on September 30,<br>Retrieved October 9, Ward's Auto. Archived from the original on 18 August Autocar India.<br>Retrieved 29 January GM Authority. Car Body Design. Jalopnik , Matt Hardigree, August 5, April<br>2, Archived from the original on April 20, Archived from the original on October 30, Retrieved<br>October 28, Retrieved 28 October Automotive News. Retrieved 31 January Retrieved 31 August<br>Paul Tan's Automotive News. Retrieved 25 January The Economic Times. The Times of India.<br>Retrieved 22 July Retrieved 26 July Retrieved 13 May India Today. Retrieved 7 June Archived<br>from the original on 18 October Retrieved 28 September Retrieved 3 February Domino's Pizza.<br>Retrieved 17 November Retrieved 23 March Inside EV's. Retrieved 1 May Consumer Reports.<br>Archived from the original on 24 June Inside EVs. Retrieved 25 April Archived from the original<br>on 11 July Retrieved 16 July Motley Fool. The New York Times. Retrieved 28 November<br>Retrieved 27 April Retrieved 22 January Retrieved 31 October Retrieved 30 October Green Car<br>Congress. Retrieved 27 November My Electric Car Forums. Retrieved 14 February US: A<br>Systems. Archived from the original PDF on 24 March Retrieved 10 August Retrieved 15<br>November Inside EV. Retrieved 25 December Retrieved 8 April US: GM. Retrieved 28 April<br>Retrieved 25 June Honest John. UK: How Many Left. Retrieved 26 January In Canada\". The<br>Truth About Cars. Retrieved 8 October The Motor Report. Retrieved 10 September Deliveries for<br>December \" PDF. Retrieved 2 March Retrieved 13 January Retrieved 5 February Deliveries for<br>Quarter 4 \" PDF. GM Korea. A subsidiary of General Motors. Chevrolet Cadillac. Bolt Camaro<br>Malibu Spark. Equinox Trailblazer Traverse Trax. Groove Trax Miray Musiro. Category<br>Commons. Daewoo Motors and GM Daewoo automobile timeline, s\u00e2\u20ac\u201d Chevrolet vehicles.<br>Established in , a division of General Motors since Express N N Orlando Spin. Links to related<br>articles. Automotive industry in India. Pontiac vehicles. A division of General Motors , \u00e2\u20ac\u201d Aztek<br>Sunrunner Torrent. Montana Trans Sport. Holden , a marque of General Motors , automobile<br>timeline, \u00e2\u20ac\u201d Astra Commodore. Equinox Trailblazer Trax Acadia. Edward Holden James<br>Alexander Holden. Hidden categories: All articles with dead external links Articles with dead<br>external links from July Articles with permanently dead external links CS1 maint: numeric<br>names: authors list CS1 Spanish-language sources es Use dmy dates from November Articles<br>with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All articles with unsourced<br>statements Articles with unsourced statements from September Articles with unsourced<br>statements from April Articles containing potentially dated statements from December All<br>articles containing potentially dated statements Wikipedia articles in need of updating from<br>February All Wikipedia articles in need of updating Articles with unsourced statements from<br>February Commons category link from Wikidata Commons category link is locally defined.<br>Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal<br>Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Wikimedia Commons. City car<br>A. Front-engine, front-wheel-drive. Fabrizio Giugiaro at Italdesign [6]. Test [13]. Chevrolet Matiz<br>M Giorgetto Giugiaro [ citation needed ]. Test [20]. Taewan Kim [23]. Petrol engines. LPG<br>engines. Diesel engines. BEV2 [ citation needed ]. Wikimedia Commons has media related to<br>Chevrolet Spark. Current Chevrolet Cadillac. Monte Carlo. Sports car. Sold as a Police Pursuit<br>Vehicle. City car. Lacetti Premiere. Royale Series. Polonez Kombi. Compact MPV. Mini SUV.<br>Compact SUV. Winstorm MaXX. Mid-size SUV. Grand Am. Grand Prix. Station wagon. Mid-size<br>crossover. Montana SV6. Personal luxury. Barina Spark MJ. Barina SB. Barina XC. Barina TK.<br>Barina TM. Astra LD. Nova LG. Astra TR. Astra TS. Viva JF. Astra Sedan BL. Torana HB. Gemini<br>RB. Astra AH. Volt EV. Astra PJ. Astra BK. Vectra ZC. Epica EP. Malibu EM. Insignia GA. Tigra<br>XC. Piazza YB. Calibra YE. Cascada CJ. Rodeo KB. Rodeo TF. Colorado RG. Scurry NB. Combo<br>SB. Combo XC. Panel van FJ. Shuttle WFR. Zafira TT. Subcompact SUV. Drover QB. Cruze YG.<br>Trax TJ. Frontera UT. Frontera UE. Equinox EQ. Acadia AC. Jackaroo UBS Full-size SUV.<br>Suburban K8. Cars Astra Commodore. Photograph of Doctor Cedric W. Cedric W. Spak has</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 80320, "type": "text", "content": " \n\n# Bookmark File PDF Chevy Caprice Manual\n\n\nnew york cars & trucks \"chevy caprice\" - craigslist \nAstro Avalanche Aveo Bel Air Beretta Blazer C/K Camaro Caprice Captiva\nCelebrity Chevy Classic Cobalt Colorado Corsica Corvair Corvette \nCruze El Camino Epica Equinox Exclusive Express G Series HHR Impala Joy Kalos\nLanos Light Truck Models Lumina LUV Malibu Matiz \nMetro Monte Carlo Niva Optra Orlando ... CHEVROLET AVEO OWNERS MANUAL\n2008-2010 ...\n\n\nChevrolet Service Repair Manual PDF \nChevrolet Caprice Repair Manual Online Chevrolet Caprice repair manuals are\navailable at the click of a mouse! Chilton\u2019s Chevrolet Caprice \nonline manuals provide information for your car\u2019s diagnostics, do-it-yourself\nrepairs, and general maintenance.\n\n\nChevrolet Caprice Repair Manual Online \| Chilton DIY \nthis manual including, but not limited to, GM, the GM logo, CHEVROLET, the\nCHEVROLET Emblem, and CAPRICE are trademarks and/or \nservice marks of General Motors LLC, its subsidiaries, affiliates, or\nlicensors. This manual describes features that may or may not be on your \nspecific vehicle either because they are options that you did not purchase or\n\n\n2014 Chevrolet Caprice Police Patrol Vehicle M \n1987 Chevrolet Caprice El Camino Monte Carlo Shop Service Repair Manual Engine\n(Fits: Chevrolet Caprice) 5 out of 5 stars (3) 3 product \nratings - 1987 Chevrolet Caprice El Camino Monte Carlo Shop Service Repair\nManual Engine\n\n\nService & Repair Manuals for Chevrolet Caprice for sale \| eBay \nChevrolet Caprice in Dallas, TX 1.00 listings starting at $5,995.00 Chevrolet\nCaprice in Denver, CO 1.00 listings starting at $3,500.00 \nChevrolet Caprice in Hollywood, FL 19.00 listings starting at $6,950.00\nChevrolet Caprice in Houston, TX 1.00 listings starting at $7,995.00 \nChevrolet Caprice in Kansas City, MO 1.00 listings starting at $26,500.00\n\n\nUsed Chevrolet Caprice For Sale - Carsforsale.com\u00ae \nView and Download Chevrolet Caprice 2011 owner's manual online. Police Patrol\nVehicle. Caprice 2011 automobile pdf manual download. \nAlso for: 2011 caprice police patrol vehicle.\n\n\nCHEVROLET CAPRICE 2011 OWNER'S MANUAL Pdf Download ...\n\n\n \n\nAlso known as Chevy, Chevrolet is a division of General Motors that came to\nprominence in 1911. The brand is known worldwide and sold in \nmost countries. As well as cars, the company also manufactures commercial\nvehicles and trucks, while some of their popular models include \nthe Silverado, Camaro, and Corvette.\n\n\nPrint & Online Chevrolet Car Repair Manuals - Haynes ...\n\n\n \nPage 3/4\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2176652, "type": "text", "content": "# Access Free Wm Statesman Service Manual\n\n\n# Holden Statesman Parts \| Sparesbox\n\n\n \n\nmanual caprice 90 wiring wl caprice workshop manual wm caprice owners manual\n96 caprice \nfuse box manual 95 caprice owners manual wk. HOLDEN WM STATESMAN/CAPRICE \nWorkshop Manual. 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Posted by Anonymous\non Feb \n08, 2012. ... 2005 Holden Statesman WL 6 Cyl Workshop Service Repair Manual.\nFeb 03, \n2018 \| Cars & Trucks. 1 Answer Wh won't start all the time. you shold check your battery first\n\n\n \n\n# _____\n\n\n# Holden Factory Service Manuals \| Download Free PDF Manuals\n\n\n \n\nThe WM and WN series Holden Caprice (also marketed as the Holden Statesman)\nare a line of \nPage 3/7\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2339029, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>sold to retailers. There are at least 24 dealerships around the country as of In , the Corvette was<br>added to the roster, making it the most expensive vehicle in the lineup. It is legally imported, as<br>the government has seized and destroyed expensive vehicles that were bought into the country<br>illegally. In , the Camaro returned to the Philippines with a 2. The Daewoo brand was fully<br>replaced by Chevrolet in March In , the Impala was added to the lineup as Chevrolet began<br>importing the American-built sedan to South Korea for the first time. Also Chevrolet Captiva<br>discontinued in July Exports lasted until General Motors is currently exploring cost cutting<br>options as part of its restructuring plan. One of these options involve expanding the Rayong,<br>Thailand plant to add additional capacity to export Colorados to the U. This would allow the<br>Shreveport, Louisiana plant to be closed where the Colorado is also produced. This scenario is<br>plausible only if a free-trade agreement is signed between the U. The United Auto Workers is the<br>most vocal opponent to a change in the tariff structure. In addition to the Colorado pickup<br>trucks, General Motors began assembling Chevrolet Captiva sport utility vehicle in its Rayong<br>plant during June Chevrolet stopped selling its vehicles throughout Thailand in , and sold the<br>Rayong plant to Great Wall. Even though the Australian market of today mainly consists of<br>Australia's own automotive companies alongside European and Asian automobile brands,<br>Australia once had its fair share of American cars as well. Bodies for the local assembly of<br>Chevrolets were built in Australia as early as [56] : 11 and by the newly created General Motors<br>Australia Pty Ltd had established assembly plants in five Australian states to produce Chevrolet<br>and other GM vehicles using bodies supplied by Holden Motor Body Builders. From the early s<br>to the early s the Chevrolet name was also used on various light commercials in Australia. From<br>to the Chevrolet Suburban was sold in Australia as the Holden Suburban, which is expected to<br>return under the Chevrolet badge with the twelfth generation models. The Holden VF<br>Commodore was exported from Australia to the United States as the Chevrolet SS until Holden<br>ended production in May during its transition to a distribution platform of vehicles that are<br>sourced from GM's American and international plants that is expected to badge as Holden<br>vehicles. In addition to the relaunch, Holden Special Vehicles added the Camaro and Silverado<br>to their performance lineup. In the s, the advertising jingle \"braaivleis, rugby, sunny skies and<br>Chevrolet\" [66] adapted from the US \"Baseball, Hot Dogs, Apple Pies and Chevrolet\" came to<br>epitomise the ideal lifestyle of white male South Africans. However, since South Africa was<br>right-hand drive and the US was left-hand drive, along with encouragement by the South African<br>government to use local content, Chevrolets such as the Biscayne were eventually made<br>entirely in South Africa, along with GM's \"own car for South Africa\": the Ranger. Due to local<br>content laws the cars usually received different engines than in their home markets. However,<br>these were replaced by Opel models like the Rekord , Commodore , and Senator , and in the<br>Chevrolet brand name was dropped in favour of Opel. Because of the political climate at the<br>time, GM decided to divest from South Africa in , and a local group eventually bought out GM's<br>South African operations including the Port Elizabeth plant and renamed the company Delta<br>Motor Corporation , which concentrated on Opels, Isuzus, and Suzukis, built under licence.<br>However, thanks to an improved political climate in the s, GM decided to reenter South Africa,<br>eventually buying out the whole of Delta. In , the Chevrolet name made a comeback, used on the<br>Lumina , a rebadged Holden Commodore , and later on, on the Daewoo range of cars. In , GM<br>withdrew from South Africa, with its truck division and its plant changing hands to Isuzu while<br>at the same time ending all sales and the dealership network of the Chevrolet brand. GM worked<br>with both Isuzu and PSA the new owners of Opel, which GM spun off the division to to ensure<br>existing customers receive parts and technical support during and after the company exit the<br>country. North American\u00e2\u20ac\u201dbuilt Chevrolet Impala V8 sedans has also been available in Europe<br>in recent years, marketed as both large family sedans and more economically priced<br>alternatives as high performance executive cars. In the rest of the world, most Daewoo models<br>have worn the Chevrolet badge since During the mids, the Corvette and Cadillac range were<br>marketed in Europe through a separate distribution channel operated by Netherlands-based<br>Kroymans Corporation Group [71] but following its bankruptcy in , [72] General Motors<br>established a new Swiss based subsidiary to relaunch Chevrolet in Europe and add the<br>Corvette, Camaro and Malibu models to the European range. From the beginning of , General<br>Motors reduced its presence in Europe only to its iconic models , such as the Corvette , in order<br>to strengthen its Opel and Vauxhall brands. Although announcing that they will maintain a<br>broad presence in Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States , [74] General Motors<br>later reduced their line-up to the iconic models in Russia, and more, the Opel division also<br>exited the Russian market in , while also abandoning production at their Saint Petersburg plant.<br>Chevrolet sales in Western and Central Europe [nb 1] ranged around , units per year since ,<br>peaking at , units in , while the market share achieved its highest of 1. The car was used against<br>the German army in Warsaw during the Warsaw Uprising in In collaboration with the Russian</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 80319, "type": "text", "content": " \n\n# Bookmark File PDF Chevy Caprice Manual\n\n\nChevy Safety Assist: Automatic Emergency Braking, Lane Keep Assist with Lane\nDeparture Warning, Forward Collision Alert, Front \nPedestrian Braking, Following Distance Indicator and IntelliBeam. Read the\nvehicle Owner\u2019s Manual for more important feature limitations \nand information.\n\n\nChevy Owner Resources, Manuals and How-To Videos \nChevrolet Chevy Caprice Complete Workshop Service Repair Manual 1994 Download\nNow; Chevrolet Chevy Caprice Complete Workshop \nService Repair Manual 1996 Download Now; Chevrolet Chevy Caprice Complete\nWorkshop Service Repair Manual 1991 Download Now; \nChevrolet Chevy Caprice Complete Workshop Service Repair Manual 1992 Download\nNow; 1996 Chevrolet ...\n\n\n \n\nChevrolet Caprice Service Repair Manual PDF \n1975 Chevrolet Caprice Repair Manual Online Looking for a 1975 Chevrolet\nCaprice repair manual? With Chilton's online Do-It-Yourself \nChevrolet Caprice repair manuals, you can view any year's manual 24/7/365.\n\n\n1975 Chevrolet Caprice Auto Repair Manual - ChiltonDIY \nChevrolet Service Manuals PDF, Workshop Manuals, Repair Manuals, spare parts\ncatalog, fault codes and wiring diagrams Free Download! \nCarmanualshub.com ... Chevrolet Caprice 1980 Unit Repair Manual.rar: 17.6Mb:\nDownload: Chevrolet Cavalier 1995-2001 Repair \nManual.rar: 67.8Mb:\n\n\nChevrolet Service Manuals Free Download \| Carmanualshub.com \nListing 1-20 Of 33. Find Used Chevrolet Caprice 1969 For Sale (with Photos).\n1969 Chevrolet Caprice For $14,495.\n\n\n1969 Chevrolet Caprice For Sale 33 Used Cars From $1,850 \nThe Chevrolet Caprice is a full-sized automobile produced by Chevrolet in\nNorth America for the 1965 to 1996 model years.Full-size \nChevrolet sales peaked in 1965 with over a million sold. It was the most\npopular American car in the sixties and early seventies, which, during \nits lifetime, included the Biscayne, Bel Air, and Impala.. Introduced in\nmid-1965 as a luxury trim package for the Impala ...\n\n\nChevrolet Caprice - Wikipedia \nStill, with a service manual in place it is possible to quickly diagnose any\nfaults that occur with your American dream car and get to work on \nputting them right. Where Can I Find a Chevrolet Service Manual? ... Camaro C8\n1996 - Chevrolet - Caprice 1996 - Chevrolet - Cavalier 1996 \n\\- Chevrolet - Cavalier Coupe Automatic 1996 - Chevrolet ...\n\n\nFree Chevrolet Repair Service Manuals \nmanual automatic other type bus ... 1969 Chevrolet Caprice 2dr $1,250 (njy >\nJersey City NJ) pic hide this posting restore restore this \nposting. $0. favorite this post Nov 14 1976 CHEVROLET PICKUP SIDE STEP SHORT\nBED \nPage 2/4\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2535577, "type": "text", "content": "reintroduced in when the 2. Environmental Protection Agency fuel mileage\nestimates for the 2. \nNumerous interior modifications included a full-length custom center console,\nfour black \nleather Sparco racing seats, and a Kenwood entertainment center with radio, CD\n, DVD , TV , \ndisc changer and numerous amps and speakers. Exterior modifications included\ncustom HID \nheadlamps both low and high beams , \"Altezza\" style taillights, and a custom\nbodykit. Chevrolet \nproduced the Cruiser as a concept , and it was therefore never available for\npurchase. Their \nintent was to attract younger buyers to the stock model and demonstrate that\naftermarket \nmodifications could be made. The Epsilon-based Malibu came in two bodystyles,\na standard \n4-door sedan and a 5-door Malibu Maxx hatchback the first mid-size Chevrolet\nhatchback since \nthe Chevrolet Corsica. Base power for the sedan came from a 2. LS and LT trim\nsedans and \nMaxx models originally came with a 3. The SS sedan and Maxx models were\npowered by the 3. \nThis was the only engine available to private buyers in the Malibu Classic.\nThe L61 Ecotec was \nalso updated for the model year with many improvements. A remote starter was\nalso available, \nwhich was introduced on several other GM vehicles for This generation of the\nMalibu initially \ndebuted with a front fascia design featuring a wide grille split horizontally\nby a prominent \nchrome bar that ran the entire width of the car, which was intended to make it\nresemble \nChevrolet's trucks. However, for , the front end was updated with more\nconventional styling: the \nchrome bar was removed, and the grille itself was made smaller, bearing a\nresemblance to the \ngrille on the previous Malibu. While the Malibu Maxx was discontinued after\nthe model year, the \nMalibu sedan remained in production for the model year , known as the Malibu\nClassic. The cars \nthemselves bear Malibu badges, unlike the past generation Classic. Only the\nV6-engined LT was \navailable to private buyers, with the LS versions only built for fleet sales.\nChanges to \ndifferentiate the SS from the lower trims include three-spoke, leather wrapped\nsteering wheel \nwith SS badge, sport cloth and leather seats, side skirts, chrome tip\nexhausts, and more \naggressive front and rear clips. The Malibu was extensively redesigned and re-\nengineered for \nmodel year , [23] with styling by Bryan Nesbitt. The LTZ trim had clear brake\nlight lenses with \nred LEDs, the balance of trim packages retaining red lenses with conventional\nbrake lights. It is \nassembled in Kansas City, Kansas. Interior room remains mid-size, like the\nprevious Malibus, \nand has been decreased from cubic feet 2. The 2. Partway through the model\nyear, the 2. For \nmodels, the six-speed transmission mated to the 2. The LS models were equipped\nwith the \nfour-speed transmission only. A manual transmission was not offered. Partway\nthrough the \nmodel year, the GM badges were removed from the front doors. OnStar was\nincluded on all \nMalibu models as standard equipment excluding fleet vehicles, where this\nfeature is optional. \nSix air bags were also standard on the seventh generation Malibu; two dual-\nstage front bags, \ntwo side-impact curtain air bags protecting the heads of both front and rear\npassengers, and \ntwo side-impact thorax bags mounted in the front seats. Traction control ,\nelectronic tire \npressure monitoring system , four-wheel disc brakes , antilock brakes , and\ndaytime running \nlamps were standard included safety features on all Malibus. GM's StabiliTrak\nbrand electronic \nstability control was standard on all models including the very base LS model.\nThe LT 2LT got a \npackage that included a sunroof, leather power heated seats, and more\nconvenience and \ncomfort features. For , the four-speed automatic transmission was dropped from\nthe Malibu \npowertrain lineup. The Malibu hybrid was dropped for the model year. Kelley\nBlue Book named \nit the \" best redesigned vehicle\". While Robert Cumberford , design critic at\nAutomobile \nmagazine noted the interior of the platform-variant, the Saturn Aura featured\ncheap interior \nmaterials, he noted improved in the Malibu. The short-lived Malibu Hybrid,\nalong with its sister, \nthe Saturn Aura Green Line, which share the powertrain and other major\ncomponents, was \nparticularly criticized due to its lack of fuel savings and cost relative to a\nstandard 4-cylinder \nMalibu , plus the Hybrid's worsened driving dynamics. On September 21, General\nMotors \nrecalled , vehicles involving the Chevrolet Malibu, Pontiac G6 and Saturn Aura\nfrom model years \nthrough equipped with four-speed automatic transmissions. The problem is a\ncondition that \ncould make cars roll when in park. The recall affected , in the United States,\n40, in Canada and 7, \nin other markets. Both ECO models officially went on sale in the spring of ,\nwith the gas-only \nmodels following in late summer The Turbo models followed in early The eighth\ngeneration \nMalibu was sold in \"nearly countries on six continents\". It was positioned\nbetween the Holden \nCruze and Holden Commodore. Korea was the first market to get the Malibu, in\nlate , followed by \nChina later in and North America beginning in early In Europe, the Malibu\nreplaced the \nChevrolet Epica. The facelifted Malibu was never sold in Europe. In the\nPhilippines , the Malibu \nwas introduced in late for the model year, where it replaced the Chevrolet\nLumina. Marking the \nChevrolet's return to the executive sedan segment since the Lumina from the\nmid 's. The car \nwas sold there until , and was assembled in South Korea. In North America, the\neighth \ngeneration Malibu continued to be sold in as the Malibu Limited as the next\ngeneration went on \nsale. In China, the eighth generation Malibu continues [ when? It received a\nfacelift in The eighth\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2339007, "type": "text", "content": "than the conventional use of the flathead engine. The first C prototype was\nready months before \nChevrolet was actually incorporated. However the first actual production\nwasn't until the model. \nSo in essence there were no or production models, only the 1 pre-production\nmodel was made \nand fine tuned throughout the early part of Then in the fall of that year the\nnew model was \nintroduced at the New York auto show. It may have been designed from wallpaper\nDurant once \nsaw in a French hotel room. Chevrolet eventually unified all vehicle models\nwith the gold bowtie \nin , for both brand cohesion as well as to differentiate itself from Ford with\nits blue oval logo and \nToyota who has often used red for its imaging , its two primary domestic\nrivals. Louis Chevrolet \nhad differences with Durant over design and in sold Durant his share in the\ncompany. By , \nChevrolet was profitable enough with successful sales of the cheaper Series to\nallow Durant to \nrepurchase a controlling interest in General Motors. After the deal was\ncompleted in , Durant \nbecame president of General Motors, and Chevrolet was merged into GM as a\nseparate division. \nIn , Chevrolet's factories were located at Flint, Michigan ; branch assembly\nlocations were sited \nin Tarrytown, N. Louis, Missouri , Oakland, California , Ft. Sales were poor\nand it was dropped in \nBeginning also in , GMC commercial grade trucks were rebranded as Chevrolet,\nand using the \nsame chassis of Chevrolet passenger cars and building light-duty trucks. GMC\ncommercial \ngrade trucks were also rebranded as Chevrolet commercial grade trucks, sharing\nan almost \nidentical appearance with GMC products. Chevrolet continued into the s, s, and\ns competing \nwith Ford, and after the Chrysler Corporation formed Plymouth in , Plymouth,\nFord, and \nChevrolet were known as the \"Low-priced three\". In Chevrolet launched the\nStandard Six , \nwhich was advertised in the United States as the cheapest six-cylinder car on\nsale. Chevrolet \nhad a great influence on the American automobile market during the s and s. In\nit produced the \nCorvette , a two-seater sports car with a fiberglass body. In one out of every\nten cars sold in the \nUnited States was a Chevrolet. During the s and early s, the standard\nChevrolet, particularly the \ndeluxe Impala series, became one of America's best selling lines of\nautomobiles in history. The \nbasic Chevrolet small-block V8 design has remained in continuous production\nsince its debut in \n, longer than any other mass-produced engine in the world, although current\nversions share few \nif any parts interchangeable with the original. Descendants of the basic\nsmall-block OHV V8 \ndesign platform in production today have been much modified with advances such\nas \naluminium block and heads, electronic engine management, and sequential port\nfuel injection. \nDepending on the vehicle type, Chevrolet V8s are built in displacements from\n4. The Chevrolet \ndivision largely recovered from the economic downturn of \u00e2\u20ac\u201d through launching\nnew vehicles \nand improving existing lines. GM began developing more fuel efficient cars and\ntrucks to \ncompete with foreign automakers. As of [update] Chevrolet had operations in\nover countries, \nand global sales in set a record with 4. Mexico has a mix of Chevrolet models\nfrom different GM \nbrands and platforms branded as Chevrolet. Mexico also has some cars of its\nown, such as the \nChevy C2 , which is a reworked older-generation Corsa B. The European Epica\nwas sold as a \nbusiness-only vehicle. GM also manufactures Chevrolet vehicles such as the\nSuburban and \nAvalanche in Mexico for export to other markets, chiefly the US and Canada;\nthose vehicles are \nno longer assembled in Mexico. In China became Chevrolet's third-largest\nmarket, with sales of \n, vehicles, behind only the United States and Brazil 1,, and , vehicles\nrespectively. A total of \nlocally-manufactured Chevrolets were sold in China in down from a record of in\nIn , Chevrolet \nheld just 2. Launched by GM's India operations, Chevrolet is among the more\nrecent auto \nbrands. Chevrolet officially began business in India on June 6, The Corsa and\nAstra were built \nat a plant in Halol , Gujarat. The Cruze and Tavera were built at the Halol\nplant. Chevrolet also \nwas the sole Engine supplier for the Formula Rolon single seater series in\nIndia. In , GM ceased \nthe production and sale of Chevrolet cars in India, but it continues to run\nservice centers. \nChevrolet stopped selling cars and ceased production in Indonesia by the end\nof March Suzuki \nhad also marketed the Chevrolet Cruze subcompact in the past. Earlier efforts\nduring the s and \ns saw a partnership with Isuzu and Suzuki , with the Chevrolet Chevette in the\ns from Isuzu, and \nthe Suzuki Cultus from Suzuki during the s, which was rebadged as the Geo\nMetro. Mitsui \nBussan Automotive had been importing and distributing certain GM models since\n, but will \ncease their GM import business in November , as GM Japan wants to consolidate\nthe \ndistribution channels. The Chevrolet models that have been imported by Mitsui\nwill no longer be \nsold once existing inventories are depleted. Thus there were three distinct\ndistribution channels \nfor Chevrolet-branded vehicles at one time in Japan. Chevrolet entered the\nMalaysian market in , \nreplacing Opel. In , Naza Quest Sdn Bhd ceased to distribute new Chevrolet\nvehicles in \nMalaysia, but continues to provide warranty support and aftersales service for\nexisting \nChevrolet customers. In Pakistan, Chevrolet introduced its cars in\ncollaboration with a local \nautomobile manufacturer called Nexus Automotive. GM withdrew from the\nPhilippines in and \nreturned in the During Chevrolet's absence in the market, many cars like the\nChevrolet \nSuburban and the Chevrolet Astro have been imported new in the country via\ngrey-market and\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 80321, "type": "text", "content": "# Bookmark File PDF Chevy Caprice Manual\n\n\nAlso done: Chevrolet Caprice PPV Holden Australia's Motoring reports that the\nsix-speed manual attracted a 32 percent take rate in America, \nwith the last car being signed by the Holden team to ...\n\n\nThe Last Chevy SS Is Black With a Manual Gearbox \n1966 Chevy Car Chassis Service Manual Original All 1966 Chevy Car Models\nIncluding Bel Air, Biscayne, Caprice, Chevelle, Chevelle \nDeluxe, Chevelle SS, Chevy II, Corvette, El Camino, Impala, Impala SS, Malibu,\nNova & Nova SS Covering All Except Body...\n\n\nGM - Chevrolet - Caprice - Page 1 - Factory Repair Manuals \n91 - 96 Chevy Caprice INTERIOR Parts, License Plate Brackets $0 (Headlights,\nTaillights, ... GM B Body MANUAL pedal cluster/BOP \nbellhousing/clutch harware $900 (isp > Babylon) pic hide this posting restore\nrestore this posting. favorite this post Nov 22 1994-1996 Chevy \nImpala SS Part Out\n\n\n# Copyright code : 50a6d440464809c6b18e4cce8567e3d5\n\n\nCopyright : apps.citizen-times.com\n\n\n \nPage 4/4\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2339012, "type": "text", "content": "original on July 2, Archived from the original on January 19, Retrieved\nJanuary 18, Archived \nfrom the original on May 24, Retrieved August 4, March 14, October 2, Archived\nfrom the original \non February 10, Archived from the original on May 12, Archived from the\noriginal on February 8, \nArchived from the original on April 11, June 9, Archived from the original on\nJune 28, GM Media. \nArchived from the original on October 23, Chevrolet An Explanation\". June 10,\nDecember 28, \nArchived from the original on May 18, Retrieved January 2, September 26,\nArchived from the \noriginal on October 15, Chevrolet vehicles. Established in , a division of\nGeneral Motors since \nExpress N N Orlando Spin. Category Commons. Links to related articles.\nAutomotive marques \nof General Motors. Lotus \u00e2\u20ac\u201d Saab \u00e2\u20ac\u201d Opel \u00e2\u20ac\u201d Vauxhall \u00e2\u20ac\u201d Automotive\nindustry in the United \nStates. North American bus builders. A subsidiary of Renault. Oka 1 Sputnik 1\nZhiguli 1. \nChevrolet 2 Lada Lada Sport. International markets. Categories : Chevrolet\nestablishments in \nMichigan Car manufacturers of the United States Emergency services equipment\nmakers \nGeneral Motors marques IndyCar Series engine manufacturers Motor vehicle\nmanufacturers \nbased in Michigan Truck manufacturers of the United States Vehicle\nmanufacturing companies \nestablished in Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read View source View history.\nHelp Learn to \nedit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable\nversion. \nWikimedia Commons. Private \u00e2\u20ac\u201d17 Division \u00e2\u20ac\u201dpresent. Merged to General Motors\nin Detroit , \nMichigan , U. Alan Batey, Senior Vice President [1]. Automobiles Commercial\nvehicles Trucks. \nGeneral Motors. United States. Wikimedia Commons has media related to\nChevrolet. Chevette \nSouth America. Chevy Malibu. Chevy II. Biscayne Canada. Bel Air. Kingswood\nEstate. El \nMorocco. Personal luxury. Chevelle Laguna. Monte Carlo. Sports car. Sold as a\nPolice Pursuit \nVehicle. Full-size SUV. K5 Blazer. Coupe utility. El Toro. El Camino. Compact\npickup. Full-size \npickup. Advance Design. Task Force. Subcompact crossover SUV. Compact\ncrossover SUV. \nCaptiva Sport. Mid-size crossover SUV. Full-size crossover SUV. Mini SUV.\nCompact SUV. \nGrand Vitara. S Blazer. Mid-size SUV. Grand Blazer. Chevy LUV D-Max. Mid-size\npickup. Lumina \nAPV. Trans Sport. City Express. Designations Oka 1 Sputnik 1 Zhiguli 1. Under\ndevelopment \nbefore Daewoo's bankruptcy, the Kalos was the company's first new model\nintroduction \nfollowing its subsequent takeover by General Motors. Originally designed by\nItaldesign , the \nKalos derives directly from the \"Kalos Dream\" concept vehicle first presented\nat the Paris Motor \nShow and subsequent developmental concepts at the Frankfurt Motor Show, Geneva\nAuto \nShow, and at the Geneva Show. During this three-year development period Daewoo\nwas \nstruggling financially, with the ultimate fate of the company and the concept\nvehicle remaining \nuncertain. The Kalos was sold in three and four available body styles: a\n4-door sedan and \n5-door hatchback from the beginning of production in , and a 3-door hatchback\navailable in \ncertain European markets beginning in Two different T front-end styling\ndesigns were sold. \nWhen released in , the T headlamps were detached from the horizontal amber\nturn signal strip, \nlocated directly below. This detached style, used primarily in South Korea and\nNorth America, \nwas used in conjunction with a semi-elliptical grille. When sales in Europe\nbegan in , the \nheadlights were an integrated unit that slanted upwards from the \"V-shaped\"\ngrille towards the \nfront fenders. In Australia, when the Daewoo Kalos was introduced in , the\nhatchback featured \nthe integrated lighting arrangement, with the detached style used to\ndifferentiate the sedans. In \nSouth Korea, where the detached lights were used at first, the integrated\ndesign was later \nutilized as a facelift. The T sedan and five-door hatchback featured a swage\nline running along \nthe lower body to the rear door, which kinks downward prominently on the five-\ndoor. Interiors \nfeature a circular motif throughout. Bearing the internal code T and sold in\nSouth Korea as the \n\"Daewoo Gentra\", revisions included exterior styling changes, a new interior\ninstrument panel \nand minor equipment changes, including increased sound deadening. A facelifted\nhatchback \nwith the sedan's updated instrument panel was presented as the Chevrolet Aveo\nduring the \nFrankfurt Motor Show , to be marketed in Europe and North America. The Korean\nmarket \nreceived its own distinct restyle of the hatchback, the Gentra X , whose\nbumper without the \ndistinctly \"Chevrolet\" split grille was also used for the Pontiac, Holden and\nSuzuki variants. The \ncar is produced at the GM Uzbekistan plant. The Ravon Nexia R3 is available\nwith the 1. A \nversion of the T is sold in the Brazilian market under the name Chevrolet\nCobalt since Unrelated \nto the previous car sold in North America , this Cobalt replaced the aging\nlocal Chevrolet Corsa. \nThe car is equipped with a 1. Flex engine. Although sporting a similar front\nend style, it is not \ndirectly related to the Chevrolet Agile , since it shares the overall\nunderpinnings with the Sonic, \n[8] while the Agile is derived from the considerably older Opel Corsa B , from\nDevelopment of \nthe second-generation Aveo was led by GM Korea , with Opel engineers leading\nplatform \ndevelopment along with significant input from engineers from Australia's\nHolden and Chevrolet \nof the United States. The Aveo marked the debut of the Gamma II global\nsubcompact platform. \nKoromhaz described his goal for the Aveo as being a \"four-seat motorcycle\" and\ntook design \ninspiration from motorcycles, notably in the Aveo's exposed headlights and\nmotorcycle-style\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Why might the Holden Caprice version be significant when evaluating the Chevrolet Caprice's global market influence?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 324, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 196420, "type": "text", "content": "Gilani\u2019s Gallopedia\u00a9 \nWeekly digest of opinions in a globalized world (compiled since January 2007) \nNovember 2010 - Issue 143\n\n\n \n\n# EUROPE\n\n\n# EAST EUROPE\n\n\n \n\nP opulation Census: Not Noticeable and Not Important? (Click for Details)\n\n\n \n\nRussians are not willing to participate in the census as they are not clear\nabout its purpose. An overwhelming \nmajority (92%) will like to see census taker at home; while 51% will like to\ncall a special phone and 50% \nwill like to visit especial enumeration centers. (Russian Public Opinion\nResearch Center) \nOctober 25, 2010\n\n\n \n\nDomestic Politics \u00bb Governance \nDomestic Politics \u00bb National Image/ Trust\n\n\n \n\nOrigins and Purpose of Nationwide Population Census (Click for Details)\n\n\n \n\nMost of Russians understands what the national population census is intended\nfor; however, the number of \nsuch respondents has considerably decreased over the recent eight years (from\n84 to 71%). The awareness \nabout the purpose of census is high among educated and urbanized population.\n(Russian Public Opinion \nResearch Center)\n\n\n \n\nOctober 21, 2010 \nDomestic Politics \u00bb Governance\n\n\n \n\n# WEST EUROPE\n\n\n \n\nT wo-in-Five Britons Believe Economic Problems Will Continue (Click for\nDetails)\n\n\n \n\nFew people in Britain believe the country\u2019s economy is performing well, and a\nsizeable proportion of \nrespondents expect the situation to worsen, a new Angus Reid Public Opinion\npoll has found. (Angus Reid) \nOctober 28, 2010 \nEconomy \u00bb Perceptions on Performance/ Well-Being\n\n\n# NORTH AMERICA\n\n\n \n\nAMERICAS\n\n\n \n\nF ewer Swing Voters in 2010 than in Prior Midterm Years (Click for Details) \nAbout one in five likely American voters have yet to solidify their 2010 vote\nfor Congress, including 4% \nwho currently have no preference and 15% who express a preference but say they\ncould change their minds\n\n\nPage 3 of 9\n\n\n \n\nDisclaimer: Gilani\u2019s Gallopedia is a not for profit activity and every effort\nhas been made to give attribution to respective polling organizations. All\nmaterial presented here is\n\n\n \n\navailable elsewhere as public information. Readers may please visit the\noriginal source for further details. Gilani Research foundation does not bear\nany responsibility for accuracy\n\n\n \n\nof data or the methods and does not claim any proprietary rights benefits or\nresponsibilities thereof.\n\n\n \nArchives: Gilani\u2019s Gallopedia has been compiled on a weekly basis since January 2007. Previous material is available upon request. Please contact \nrushna.shahid@gilanifoundation.com\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2817904, "type": "text", "content": " \n\n# A SAD LISTING\n\n\n \n\nTEL AV/V - A bereaved fa lh er reads a memorial booklet issued \nby Ille Israo/i government listing Ihe 2.522 soldiers, sailors, and \nairmen killed or mlssmg in ac tion from Ihe beginning o f the \nOc tober Arab- Israeli war up to mid-February. Only 190 0 1 \nthose listed in Ihe 44- page booklet, \" Fallen and Missing in the \nYom Kippur War ,\" were full \u00b7 time servicemen : the rema inder \nwere reservists. (ANS photo)\n\n\n \n\n# WOMEN ARE TARGET OF DRUGS\n\n\n \n\nNEW YORK - Slallsl ies show that \nbe tween Ihc ages o f 20 and 40, \ntWice as many women as men are \non tranquilizers and o ther psy \nc ho tropic drugs . These are drugs \nthat are prescribed b y doctors.\n\n\n \n\nDr . Robert Seidenberg. wh o \nmakes this cl a im , is professor of \npsychiatry at th e Upstate Medical \nCen ter of the Si ale University of \nNew Yor k.\n\n\n \n\nhMos t 01 the se drugs make you \nfee l relaxed - th ey're happy \ndrugs, \" he says. \" And this is \nthe irony : we condemn our chil \ndren when they use these d rugs\n\n\n \n\n# Court decision says fetus not a 'person'\n\n\n \n\nWASHINGTON , D,C,-The U ,S, \nSupreme Court has left standing \na lower court decision that \nRhode Island 's restrictive 1973 \naborti on law, which gave \" per \nsonhood \" to the fetus , is un \ncons titutional ,\n\n\n \n\nThe Rhode Island law, passed \nsoon after the 1973 Supreme \nCourt ruling on abortion, au \nthorized abortion only to save \nIhe life of the mother , It vested\n\n\n \n\n# Bible distribution rises in Eastern Europe\n\n\n \n\nNEW YORK - More than 690,000 \nBibles and New Testaments \nwere distributed by the Bible \nsocieties in Eastern European \ncountries in 1973, The figure \nis 9 percent higher than the \nprevious year.\n\n\n \n\nO f the total, 316,187 copies \no f the Scriptures were placed in \nEast Germany, 151 ,490 in Poland ,\n\n\n \n\non the stree t, ye t the medical \nprofession is handing them out \nli ke candy,\n\n\n \n\n\" I f md women who tell me. \nboth socially and professionally. \nthat they resent this rather sim \nplis tic approach . Often the doc \ntor can ' t find what's wrong . and \nhe assumes that because she's a \nwoman she 's hyster ical. 'Hys \nerical females ' have almost be\u00b7 \ncome one word these days, Now \nth e drug compan ies are promot \ning the use of th ese tranqu ilizing \ndrugs to the general practitioner , \nand women are the chief targets .\"\n\n\nthe fetus with \" tife \" from the \nmoment of conception , and also \nprovided the fetus with the sta \ntus and constitutional guaran \ntees o f a \" person. \"\n\n\n \n\nRhode Island 's new abortion \nstatute replaced a strict law \nwhich was declared unconstitu \ntional following the 1973 Su \npreme Court decision , The Su \npreme Court legalized early \nstage abortions ,\n\n\n42,064 in Yugoslavia, 3, 117 in \nCzechoslovakia, and a total of \n180,951 in Bulgaria, Rumania, \nHungary, and the Soviet Union,\n\n\n \n\nFigures were compiled through \nthe United Bible Societies, an \ninternational organization, and \nissued here in the annua l re \nport 01 the American Bible \nSociety,\n\n\n \n\nChristians oppose rites\n\n\n \n\n# TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION MAKES COMEBACK\n\n\n \n\nLOS ANGELES - The awareness \ntechn ique called transcendenta l \nmed ita\\lon , developed by \nMaharish i Mahesh YOg i, may \nbe Ihe fastest-grow ing cull in \nthe West. according to Russell \nChand ler, religion wnter lor the \nLos Angeles Times ,\n\n\n \n\nThe small , bearded guru from \nInd ia seemed to vaniSh after a \nburs t of popularity in the 1960s \namong popular entertainmen t \npersonalities. Bu t now his tr an\u00b7 \nscendental meditat ion (the art \nof Silting quietly for 20 min \nu tes each morning and evening \nwh ile repeating a \"man tra\" \na phrase or mea ningless sound \nlike \" om \" ) has surfaced,\n\n\n \n\nYogi's disciples at the U,S. \nheadquarters in Westwood, Ca lif \" \nestimate that more Ihan 350,000 \npersons have taken the basic \nseven-step course in meditation . \nSome 15,000 to 20,000 new\n\n\n \n\n# 62.4 % of Americans have \nsome religious affiliation\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2125817, "type": "html", "content": "<br><p id='143' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Gospel for Asia, a ministry that<br>sponsors missionary work in India,<br>reported that several incidents of anti-<br>Christian violence have been perpetrated<br>against its workers by both civilians and<br>police during August and September.<br>During one of those attacks, an anti-<br>Christian mob set fire to several huts. A<br>female member of a local Christian<br>congregation burned to death in the blaze.<br>In another incident in August, police<br>arrested a pastor for allegedly damaging<br>an idol, and another GFA missionary was<br>severely beaten when a mob attacked him<br>and a companion after accusing them of<br>stealing idols.</p>\n<br><p id='144' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>\u201cThe present ordinance is not<br>warranted by the social and religious<br>conditions in the State and will not only<br>be harmful while creating mistrust among<br>religious communities, in its interpretation<br>it has the potential of contravening<br>constitutional rights and safeguards of<br>conversion,\u201d the NCCI stated in a release<br>Oct. 8 \u201cEven a simple congregation of<br>people for a religious meeting will attract<br>the wrath of the ordinance.\u201d</p>\n<br><p id='145' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>While the government claims that the<br>ordinance is meant to protect the poor and<br>na\u00efve, the NCCI said it will have a<br>crippling effect on their relief efforts to<br>the impoverished in their regions. It will<br>\u201cspell doom to several church workers<br>who are already serving in various<br>specialized areas of service in the State,\u201d<br>the NCCI claimed. The organization has<br>called on the Tamil Nadu government to<br>repeal the ordinance and instead work<br>towards encouraging peace between<br>religious groups. \u201cLet the state<br>government help the Calits of Tamil Nadu<br>to live in dignity and be allowed to enjoy<br>their human rights which are denied to<br>them in every day life,\u201d the NCCI said of<br>India\u2019s Dalits, the poorest caste of people.</p>\n<br><p id='146' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>OVER ONE MILLION TEENAGE<br>GIRLS<br>PREGNANT WORLDWIDE, ONE<br>THIRD<br>SEEK ABORTIONS</p>\n<br><p id='147' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>NEW YORK (EP)\u2014Despite being<br>inundated with sex education and<br>contraception, more and more teenage<br>girls throughout the world are getting<br>pregnant. According to the United<br>Nations affiliate UNICEF, each year 1.25<br>million girls between the ages of 15 and<br>19 become pregnant. Of those, one in<br>three has an abortion.</p>\n<br><p id='148' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>****</p>\n<p id='149' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Of developed nations, the United</p>\n<br><p id='150' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>States claims the highest number of<br>teenage abortions, with over 52,000 each<br>year. The United Kingdom is second with<br>nearly 31,000, followed by New Zealand<br>with almost 30,000.</p>\n<br><p id='151' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Following those leaders are Austria<br>(14,000), Germany (13,100) and Norway<br>(12,400). At the bottom of the list are<br>Switzerland (5,500), Japan (4,500), and<br>South Korea (2,900).</p>\n<br><p id='152' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Idea News Agency reported that in<br>Germany, \u201cthe number of teenage birth<br>and abortions has risen sharply within the<br>last years. More than 7,000 girls gave birth<br>in the year 2000, 45 per cent more than<br>in 1998.\u201d Abortion rose by 20 per cent<br>within one year to 6,909. According to<br>Germany\u2019s Federal Statistics Office, five<br>percent of all recorded abortions in that<br>country are performed on teenagers.</p>\n<br><p id='153' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>**</p>\n<br><p id='154' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>SACRAM E NTO, Calif. (E P)\u2014<br>California Governor Gray Davis vetoed<br>a state bill that would have pressured<br>foster parents to attend pro-homosexual<br>\u201csensitivity training.\u201d Foster parents would<br>have been required to accept and support<br>the homosexuality, bisexuality, or<br>transsexuality of children coming into<br>their homes. Additionally, the bill<br>encouraged state and county agencies to<br>recruit homosexual couples to adopt<br>children. A spokesman for Focus on the<br>Family, which helped generate public<br>opinion to defeat the bill, said, \u201cWe are<br>pleased that Gov. Davis allowed the<br>interests of California\u2019s foster care<br>children to prevail over a radical gay<br>agenda. We hope the governor will<br>remember this outcry the next time<br>California\u2019s legislators try to force<br>intolerant views upon those who do not<br>believe that homosexuality is normal and<br>healthy.\u201d</p>\n<br><caption id='155' style='font-size:16px'>***</caption>\n<br><p id='156' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>MIXED-GAY THEOLOGY<br>DEFINES</p>\n<br><p id='157' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>THE BELIEFS OF MANY ADULTS<br>VENTURA, Calif. (EP)\u2014The latest<br>survey from the Barna Research Group<br>reveals that while nine out of ten adult<br>Americans own at least one Bible, a large<br>number of those who attend Protestant or<br>Catholic churches embrace beliefs that<br>conflict with Scripture and the teachings<br>of their church.</p>\n<br><p id='158' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Barna\u2019s random sampling of 630 adult<br>respondents nationwide found that there<br>are three fundamental Christian teachings<br>that most adults continue to embrace.<br>Nearly 80 percent of adults agree with the<br>statement that \u201cGod is one being in three<br>separate and equal persons\u2014God the<br>Father, Jesus Christ the Son, and the Holy<br>Spirit.\u201d</p>\n<p id='159' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Continued on page 475</p>\n<br><p id='160' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Additionally, 79 percent agree that<br>\u201cevery person has a soul that will live<br>forever, either in God\u2019s presence or<br>absence.\u201d And, embracing a basic tenet<br>of the Reformation, 76 percent of<br>Americans disagree that \u201cthe Bible can</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1360377, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='7' style='font-size:16px'>Gilani\u2019s Gallopedia\u00a9<br>Weekly digest of opinions in a globalized world (compiled since January 2007)<br>May 2016 - Issue 432</header>\n<figure><img id='8' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(78,162); bottom-right:(304,302)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='9' style='font-size:22px'>Asia Zone</h1>\n<br><p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>\uf075</p>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>MIDDLE EAST& NORTH AFRICA; WEST ASIA; SOUTH ASIA; NORTH ASIA;<br>EAST ASIA</p>\n<h1 id='12' style='font-size:20px'>MENA</h1>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>432-1New Bayt.com and YouGov survey sheds light on the skills gap crisis in the<br>Middle East (Click for details)<br>Just under two-thirds of employers in the Middle East claim it is difficult to find<br>candidates with creative thinking, critical thinking and problem-solving skills. (YouGov)<br>May 09, 2016<br>3.3 Economy \u00bb Employment Issues</p>\n<br><figure><img id='14' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(986,381); bottom-right:(1186,519)\" /></figure>\n<h1 id='15' style='font-size:20px'>CENTRAL ASIA</h1>\n<br><p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>432-2IRI\u2019s Center for Insights Poll: Despite Corruption and Slow Economy, Citizens Feel that Kyrgyzstan is moving in the<br>Right Direction (Click for details)<br>(Kyrgyzstan)According to a new poll released today by IRI's Center for Insights in Survey Research, the<br>people of Kyrgyzstan have mixed views about their country and their prospects. (IRI)<br>May 09, 2016</p>\n<br><p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>1.5 Domestic Politics \u00bb National Image/ Trust<br>3.1 Economy \u00bb Perceptions on Performance/ Well-Being</p>\n<h1 id='18' style='font-size:22px'>Euro Americas Zone</h1>\n<br><p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>\uf075</p>\n<br><p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>EAST EUROPE, WEST EUROPE; NORTH AMERICA; LATIN AMERICA<br>& AUSTRALASIA</p>\n<h1 id='21' style='font-size:20px'>EAST EUROPE</h1>\n<br><p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>432-3Chernobyl: 30 Years After The Disaster (Click for details)</p>\n<br><p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(Russia)Thirty years after the Chernobyl Nuclear Plant disaster, Russians are less skeptical about the<br>development of the nuclear industry; their optimism is grounded on their confidence in the safety of modern<br>nuclear power stations. (VCIOM)<br>April 26, 2016</p>\n<br><p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>3.10 Economy \u00bb Energy/Nuclear Issues</p>\n<p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>4 32-4Russia: Religious Belief Or Superstition? (Click for details)</p>\n<br><p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(Russia)Today Russians believe in God, higher forces and religious miracle much more<br>than in early 1990s. (VCIOM)<br>April 28, 2016</p>\n<br><p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>4.1 Society \u00bb Religion</p>\n<br><figure><img id='28' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(986,1193); bottom-right:(1171,1321)\" /></figure>\n<footer id='29' style='font-size:14px'>Disclaimer: Gilani\u2019s Gallopedia is a not for profit activity and every effort has been made to give attribution to respective polling organizations. All material presented here is available<br>elsewhere as public information. Readers may please visit the original source for further details. Gilani Research foundation does not bear any responsibility for accuracy of data or the<br>methods and does not claim any proprietary rights benefits or responsibilities thereof.</footer>\n<br><footer id='30' style='font-size:14px'>Archives: Gilani\u2019s Gallopedia has been compiled on a weekly basis since January 2007. Previous material is available upon request. Please contact<br>sara.salam@gilanifoundation.com</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1398, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='0' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(58,75); bottom-right:(254,325)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='1' style='font-size:14px'>Dear Benefactor</h1>\n<p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Happy Month of May!! The leaves have appeared and the grass is green! And people are<br>busy planting their gardens with hope for a good harvest! Naturally we are praying to the<br>Blessed Virgin Mary during her month of May, and remembering to pray for you, too. Of<br>course things are happening, so there is some news.</p>\n<br><p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>May 9, 2011</p>\n<p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>I \u2019ve been busy buying an apartment on Russian Island for the Sisters in Jesus the Lord who<br>are planning to open their first community in Russia soon. Luckily an apartment became<br>available right near the university site where the sisters want to work, so we acted quickly.<br>They are planning to work among the 100,000 students of the new federal university. And<br>the apartment comes fully furnished!</p>\n<figure><img id='5' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(330,569); bottom-right:(930,1073)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>May 10 was installation<br>day for the new printer<br>that was donated to us by<br>Our Sunday Visitor!<br>They also donated the old<br>one to us several years<br>ago, but we ran it ragged<br>with all of our printing of<br>evangelization materials,<br>religious textbooks, pro-<br>life materials, thank-you<br>letters and what have<br>you! We traded the old<br>one in on toner for the<br>new machine. Thank<br>you, Our Sunday Visitor!</p>\n<p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Igor Lukin, who will have the most work to do on it, and the representative of FARTEC,<br>company whose sold it to us and will do the servicing. In the foreground is a paper cutter.</p>\n<br><p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>H ere is a photo of the<br>new printer being<br>admired by our mail clerk<br>the</p>\n<p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>H ere is an interesting fact: According to surveys, 56% of Russians believe in God. That is<br>more than ANY OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRY, including Poland! Perhaps it will mean a<br>rebirth of interest in Church and religion in general. We hope so! We are counting on it.</p>\n<p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>A nother interesting piece of news: I was sad that the building we wanted to buy for Visitation<br>Parish in Lesozavodsk had an asking price of $200,000, so there was no way we could afford<br>it. Real estate prices are going up. The parish is growing, and needs more space. But I heard<br>today that the auction was cancelled because no one would buy it for that price. So there is<br>hope again that we might be able to buy the building. The price would have to be a lot lower!</p>\n<p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>W e were saddened by the death of one of our eldest parishioners, Leopold Kilga. He was 91<br>years old. His parents were married in our church in 1920 and he was baptized there, too.</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3573731, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='33' style='font-size:16px'>Gilani\u2019s Gallopedia\u00a9<br>Weekly digest of opinions in a globalized world (compiled since January 2007)<br>July 2014 - Issue 337</header>\n<p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>3 37-5 PNoy Satisfaction Rating Falls to \u201cModerate\u201d Net +25 (Click</p>\n<br><p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>for Details)<br>(Philippines) The Second Quarter 2014 Social Weather Survey, conducted from June 27-30, 2014, found 55%<br>satisfied and 30% dissatisfied with President Benigno \"Noynoy\" Aquino III's performance. (SWS)<br>July 17, 2014<br>1.2 Domestic Politics \u00bb Performance Ratings</p>\n<p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>3 37-6 Net Satisfaction with National Administration at \"Good\" +45 (Click for Details)</p>\n<br><p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(Philippines) The First Quarter 2014 Social Weather Survey, fielded from March 27-30, 2014, found 65% of<br>adults satisfied, 15% neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, and 20% dissatisfied with the general performance of<br>the National Administration, for a good net satisfaction rating of +45 (% satisfied minus % dissatisfied)<br>(SWS)</p>\n<br><h1 id='38' style='font-size:20px'>July 13, 2014</h1>\n<br><p id='39' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>1.2 Domestic Politics \u00bb Performance Ratings<br>1.3 Domestic Politics \u00bb Governance</p>\n<figure><img id='40' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(77,601); bottom-right:(291,727)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='41' style='font-size:22px'>Euro Americas zone</h1>\n<br><p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>\uf020\uf075</p>\n<br><p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>EAST EUROPE, WEST EUROPE; NORTH AMERICA; LATIN AMERICA<br>& AUSTRALASIA</p>\n<br><h1 id='44' style='font-size:20px'>EAST EUROPE</h1>\n<br><p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>337-7 Russian Approval of Putin Soars to Highest Level in Years (Click</p>\n<br><p id='46' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>for Details)</p>\n<br><p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(Russia) President Vladimir Putin's popularity in Russia is now at its highest level in years, likely propelled by<br>a groundswell of national pride with the annexation of Crimea in March on the heels of the Sochi Olympic<br>Games in February. The 83% of Russians saying they approve of Putin's leadership in late April/early June<br>ties his previous high rating in 2008 when he left office the first time. (Gallup USA)<br>July 18, 2014</p>\n<br><h1 id='48' style='font-size:14px'>1.2 Domestic Politics \u00bb Performance Ratings</h1>\n<figure><img id='49' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(74,991); bottom-right:(314,1183)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Russia-Ukraine: Normalisation or New Confrontation?</p>\n<br><p id='51' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>337-8 (Click for Details)</p>\n<br><p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(Russia) The deterioration of Russia-Ukraine relations has been mentioned by two-<br>thirds of respondents. Most of Russians believe that Russia should respond in a<br>diplomatic way. (VCIOM)<br>June 30, 2014</p>\n<br><p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>2.5 Foreign Affairs & Security \u00bb Regional Conflicts/ Issues<br>2.11 Foreign Affairs and Security\u00bb Bi/Tri-lateral Relations</p>\n<h1 id='54' style='font-size:18px'>337-9 Russia is Home to Many Nationalities</h1>\n<br><p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(Click for Details)</p>\n<br><p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>(Russia) Over half of year the level of internationalism in Russia has considerably increased: today more than<br>half of Russians (57%) believe that Russia should be a multinational state and unite many different peoples<br>(versus 44% in November 2013). (VCIOM)<br>June 24, 2014</p>\n<br><p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>4.7 Society \u00bb Morality, Values & Customs / Lifestyle</p>\n<p id='58' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Page 3 of 14</p>\n<br><p id='59' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Disclaimer: Gilani\u2019s Gallopedia is a not for profit activity and every effort has been made to give attribution to respective polling organizations. All material presented here is available<br>elsewhere as public information. Readers may please visit the original source for further details. Gilani Research foundation does not bear any responsibility for accuracy of data or the<br>methods and does not claim any proprietary rights benefits or responsibilities thereof.</p>\n<br><footer id='60' style='font-size:14px'>*Archives: Gilani\u2019s Gallopedia has been compiled on a weekly basis since January 2007. Previous material is available upon request. Please contact<br>sara.salam@gilanifoundation.com</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2776175, "type": "html", "content": "<br><h1 id='3' style='font-size:20px'>Spirituality is<br>expanding</h1>\n<h1 id='4' style='font-size:14px'>Of young adults, 37 percent<br>describe themselves as<br>\u201cspiritual but not religious.\u201d</h1>\n<br><p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>This is clearly also the story of<br>the ascent of \u201cspirituality\u201d in<br>America. The group is so large<br>that pollsters have created a<br>separate category on<br>questionnaires.</p>\n<p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>From Oprah.com: A 2006<br>poll conducted by the Travel<br>Industry Association found<br>that 25 percent of American<br>travelers were interested in<br>taking a spiritual vacation.<br>The phones at Esalen, the<br>old '60s spiritual/intellectual<br>center hanging over the Big Sur</p>\n<br><p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>coastline, are ringing with new<br>inquiries. Online prayer groups<br>and chat rooms are popping<br>up all over, as are interfaith<br>communities like<br>Beliefnet. Elizabeth Gilbert's<br>spiritually seeking juggernaut,<br>Eat, Pray, Love, has sold nearly<br>five million copies. Yoga has<br>become so mainstream,<br>Marines are doing sun<br>salutations at a base camp<br>in Iraq.</p>\n<footer id='8' style='font-size:16px'>DREAMSTIME.COM<br>\|<br>DEVY</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 274285, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='29' style='font-size:16px'>16 Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion Vol. 10 (2014), Article 1</header>\n<p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Simmons\u2019s sample was very broad, and they concede that differential distribution<br>of subjects over institutions of different standards may have significantly influ-<br>enced their results.</p>\n<br><p id='31' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Ecklund and Scheitle\u2019s (2007) Religion Among Academic Scientists (RAAS)<br>Survey found rather different results. They surveyed 1,646 natural and social sci-<br>entists at twenty-one elite U.S. universities between 2005 and 2006. Of these, 275<br>subjects were interviewed in-depth. Ecklund and Scheitle found that 34 percent of<br>scientists classed themselves as atheists, claiming that they \u201cdo not believe in<br>God.\u201d A further 30 percent would be classed as agnostics, having stated that they<br>were not sure whether God existed. So 64 percent of scientists at the most elite<br>U.S. universities were not believers. Accordingly, they were much more atheistic<br>than were the elite U.S. academics in the broader survey conducted by Gross and<br>Simmons (2009). However, it could be argued that Ecklund and Scheitle\u2019s (2007)<br>elite were more elitist. Gross and Simmons\u2019s sample were merely from the top<br>fifty ranked colleges in the United States, while Ecklund and Scheitle\u2019s sample<br>were from twenty-one elite colleges that were selected according to how often<br>they appeared in the top twenty-five universities for nine indicators, including re-<br>search funding, endowment assets, faculty awards, and doctorates granted.<br>Ecklund and Scheitle concluded that either there are no interdisciplinary differ-<br>ences in religiosity or they exist only in one comparison. The only statistically<br>significant difference on all measures of religiosity was found to be that between<br>physicists and political scientists. About 33 percent of physics professors an-<br>swered, \u201cThere is very little truth in any religion,\u201d compared to 15 percent of po-<br>litical scientists who gave this answer. Their other measure of religiosity was be-<br>lief in God.</p>\n<br><p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>We can see from Table 3 that the general direction is for social scientists to be<br>more religious than natural scientists are. However, Ecklund and Scheitle (2007)<br>emphasize that only the difference between physicists and political scientists is<br>statistically significant.5</p>\n<p id='33' data-category='footnote' style='font-size:14px'>5 In this regard, it might be pointed out that both chemists and sociologists were significantly less<br>likely than physicists to say that \u201cthere is no truth in religion,\u201d according to Ecklund and Scheitle\u2019s<br>(2007) research. Therefore one might ask whether the argument is that chemists are less intelligent<br>than physicists. The answer is no. The difference between physicists and chemists on this question<br>was not statistically significant. These data show a statistically significant difference between a<br>natural science and a social science. This may imply, given a larger sample, that there might be<br>such differences between natural and social science per se, but it does not imply such differences<br>between physicist and chemist senior academics. As was noted above, the IQ differences between<br>chemists and physicists at Cambridge were not statistically significant.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1399, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>During the bad years he changed his name from Leopold to Leonid as a way of avoiding their making him \u201can enemy<br>of the people\u201d. He became an engineer and professor of engineering, and was responsible for much of the<br>electrification of our State of Primorye. He joined the parish again after we opened, and received the Sacraments of<br>First Confession, Confirmation, Anointing of the Sick, and the Holy Eucharist many months ago. He was a grand man<br>and a great Catholic.</p>\n<p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>T hank you for your prayers and support and your donation! Your donation means so much here where there is such<br>poverty\u2014and most important\u2014spiritual poverty, and yet where the country has a space program and so many<br>billionaires! Fortunately for us, it is mostly the poor that we have doings with and who depend so much on our help,<br>and especially the kids. Thank you that we can count on your help. You are in our daily prayers, and we will continue<br>to pray for you!</p>\n<h1 id='14' style='font-size:14px'>G od bless you!</h1>\n<h1 id='15' style='font-size:14px'>Y ours truly,</h1>\n<br><p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>V Rev Myron Effing, C.J.D.</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2962660, "type": "html", "content": "<br><table id='7' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td></td><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td colspan=\"2\"></td><td colspan=\"2\">Heard Of, No</td><td colspan=\"2\">Never Heard Of</td><td>Total N</td></tr><tr><td>Demographic</td><td colspan=\"2\">Total Favorable</td><td>Total Unfavorable</td><td></td><td></td><td>Opinion</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Registered Voters</td><td>26%</td><td>(510)</td><td>53%</td><td>(1061)</td><td>14%</td><td>(282)</td><td>7%</td><td>(144)</td><td>1997</td></tr><tr><td>Ethnicity: White</td><td>28%</td><td>(426)</td><td>52%</td><td>(806)</td><td>14%</td><td>(214)</td><td>6%</td><td>(99)</td><td>1545</td></tr><tr><td>Ethnicity: Hispanic</td><td>16%</td><td>(36)</td><td>48%</td><td>(106)</td><td>19%</td><td>(41)</td><td>18%</td><td>(39)</td><td>222</td></tr><tr><td>Ethnicity: Black</td><td>20%</td><td>(50)</td><td>56%</td><td>(142)</td><td>15%</td><td>(38)</td><td>9%</td><td>(24)</td><td>254</td></tr><tr><td>Ethnicity: Other</td><td>17%</td><td>(34)</td><td>57%</td><td>(113)</td><td>15%</td><td>(30)</td><td>11%</td><td>(21)</td><td>198</td></tr><tr><td>All Christian</td><td>32%</td><td>(330)</td><td>52%</td><td>(542)</td><td>12%</td><td>(120)</td><td>4%</td><td>(41)</td><td>1034</td></tr><tr><td>All Non-Christian</td><td>32%</td><td>(35)</td><td>54%</td><td>(59)</td><td>3%</td><td>(4)</td><td>11%</td><td>(12)</td><td>110</td></tr><tr><td>Atheist</td><td>9%</td><td>(8)</td><td>66%</td><td>(58)</td><td>7%</td><td>(6)</td><td>19%</td><td>(16)</td><td>87</td></tr><tr><td>Agnostic/Nothing in particular</td><td>16%</td><td>(74)</td><td>56%</td><td>(260)</td><td>18%</td><td>(84)</td><td>10%</td><td>(45)</td><td>462</td></tr><tr><td>Something Else</td><td>21%</td><td>(63)</td><td>47%</td><td>(142)</td><td>23%</td><td>(69)</td><td>10%</td><td>(29)</td><td>303</td></tr><tr><td>Religious Non-Protestant/Catholic</td><td>30%</td><td>(42)</td><td>49%</td><td>(68)</td><td>7%</td><td>(10)</td><td>13%</td><td>(18)</td><td>138</td></tr><tr><td>Evangelical</td><td>34%</td><td>(185)</td><td>44%</td><td>(243)</td><td>16%</td><td>(89)</td><td>6%</td><td>(30)</td><td>547</td></tr><tr><td>Non-Evangelical</td><td>25%</td><td>(190)</td><td>58%</td><td>(431)</td><td>12%</td><td>(92)</td><td>5%</td><td>(34)</td><td>747</td></tr><tr><td>Community: Urban</td><td>27%</td><td>(137)</td><td>49%</td><td>(249)</td><td>15%</td><td>(75)</td><td>10%</td><td>(49)</td><td>510</td></tr><tr><td>Community: Suburban</td><td>25%</td><td>(243)</td><td>57%</td><td>(558)</td><td>13%</td><td>(124)</td><td>6%</td><td>(57)</td><td>982</td></tr><tr><td>Community: Rural</td><td>26%</td><td>(131)</td><td>50%</td><td>(254)</td><td>16%</td><td>(83)</td><td>8%</td><td>(38)</td><td>505</td></tr><tr><td>Employ: Private Sector</td><td>28%</td><td>(182)</td><td>52%</td><td>(346)</td><td>14%</td><td>(90)</td><td>6%</td><td>(43)</td><td>661</td></tr><tr><td>Employ: Government</td><td>25%</td><td>(31)</td><td>52%</td><td>(65)</td><td>13%</td><td>(16)</td><td>11%</td><td>(13)</td><td>126</td></tr><tr><td>Employ: Self-Employed</td><td>26%</td><td>(41)</td><td>50%</td><td>(80)</td><td>15%</td><td>(24)</td><td>9%</td><td>(15)</td><td>160</td></tr><tr><td>Employ: Homemaker</td><td>21%</td><td>(25)</td><td>44%</td><td>(52)</td><td>25%</td><td>(30)</td><td>10%</td><td>(12)</td><td>119</td></tr><tr><td>Employ: Student</td><td>10%</td><td>(9)</td><td>44%</td><td>(42)</td><td>22%</td><td>(21)</td><td>24%</td><td>(23)</td><td>95</td></tr><tr><td>Employ: Retired</td><td>31%</td><td>(165)</td><td>62%</td><td>(328)</td><td>6%</td><td>(34)</td><td>\u2014</td><td>(1)</td><td>527</td></tr><tr><td>Employ: Unemployed</td><td>24%</td><td>(44)</td><td>48%</td><td>(88)</td><td>20%</td><td>(38)</td><td>8%</td><td>(15)</td><td>184</td></tr><tr><td>Employ: Other</td><td>10%</td><td>(13)</td><td>48%</td><td>(59)</td><td>24%</td><td>(30)</td><td>18%</td><td>(23)</td><td>124</td></tr><tr><td>Military HH: Yes</td><td>27%</td><td>(106)</td><td>57%</td><td>(221)</td><td>12%</td><td>(45)</td><td>4%</td><td>(14)</td><td>385</td></tr><tr><td>Military HH: No</td><td>25%</td><td>(404)</td><td>52%</td><td>(840)</td><td>15%</td><td>(238)</td><td>8%</td><td>(130)</td><td>1612</td></tr><tr><td>RD/WT: Right Direction</td><td>19%</td><td>(180)</td><td>62%</td><td>(572)</td><td>11%</td><td>(105)</td><td>7%</td><td>(68)</td><td>925</td></tr><tr><td>RD/WT: Wrong Track</td><td>31%</td><td>(330)</td><td>46%</td><td>(489)</td><td>17%</td><td>(177)</td><td>7%</td><td>(76)</td><td>1072</td></tr></table>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	What would the total percentage be if another survey found that 30% of Russians believe in both God and other spiritual entities?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 331, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 2305708, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='0' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Read PDF Alkaloids Chemistry Pharmacology Vol 40 Brossi</p>\n<p id='1' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Alkaloids Chemistry Pharmacology Vol 40 Brossi</p>\n<br><p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>If you ally dependence such a referred alkaloids chemistry pharmacology vol 40 brossi book that will allow you worth, acquire the totally best seller from us currently from several preferred authors. If you want to droll books, lots of novels, tale, jokes, and more fictions collections are then launched, from best seller to one of the most current released.</p>\n<p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>You may not be perplexed to enjoy all book collections alkaloids chemistry pharmacology vol 40 brossi that we will unquestionably offer. It is not regarding the costs. It's roughly what you infatuation currently. This alkaloids chemistry pharmacology vol 40 brossi, as one of the most dynamic sellers here will categorically be accompanied by the best options to review.</p>\n<p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Alkaloids Chemistry Pharmacology Vol 40</p>\n<br><p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Alkaloid-containing plants have been used by humans since ancient times for therapeutic and recreational purposes. For example, medicinal plants have been known in Mesopotamia from about 2000 BC. The Odyssey of Homer referred to a gift given to Helen by the Egyptian queen, a drug bringing oblivion. It is believed that the gift was an opium-containing drug.</p>\n<p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Alkaloid - Wikipedia</p>\n<br><p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Medicinal Chemistry by Ashutosh Kar. 960 Pages. Medicinal Chemistry by Ashutosh Kar. Almas M. Download PDF. Download Full PDF Package. This paper. A short summary of this paper. 33 Full PDFs related to this paper. Read Paper. Medicinal Chemistry by Ashutosh Kar.</p>\n<p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(PDF) Medicinal Chemistry by Ashutosh Kar \| Almas M ...</p>\n<br><p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Narcissus is a genus of predominantly spring flowering perennial plants of the amaryllis family, Amaryllidaceae.Various common names including daffodil, narcissus and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona.The flowers are generally white and yellow (also orange or ...</p>\n<p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Narcissus (plant) - Wikipedia</p>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Butan-1-ol is a primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes. It has a role as a protic solvent, a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite.</p>\n<p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>1-Butanol \| C4H9OH - PubChem</p>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (also known as DMT, N,N-DMT, Dmitri, and \"The Spirit Molecule\") is a classical psychedelic substance of the tryptamine class.[1] Despite being one of the simplest psychedelic compounds, it is known for its unique ability to produce short-lived but intense visionary states and complete hallucinations. It is thought to produce its psychedelic effects by binding to ...</p>\n<p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>DMT - PsychonautWiki</p>\n<br><p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(-)-ephedrine is a phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively. It has a role as a nasal decongestant, a sympathomimetic agent, a vasoconstrictor agent, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant, a plant metabolite and a bacterial metabolite.</p>\n<p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Ephedrine \| C10H15NO - PubChem</p>\n<br><p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The nature of caffeine reveals that it is a bitter white crystalline alkaloid. It is a common ingredient in a variety of drinks (soft and energy drinks) and is also used in combination with various medicines. In order to maintain the optimum level of caffeine, various spectrophotometric methods have been developed. The monitoring of caffeine is very important aspect because of its consumption ...</p>\n<p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Spectrophotometric Analysis of Caffeine</p>\n<br><p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Actually, OPs are able to phosphorylate serine residues of AChE in non-reversible way (Fig. 6 6), whereas the carbamylated serine residue is less stable and the carbamyl moiety can be split from the enzyme by spontaneous hydrolysis (decarbamylation time is 30-40 minutes) [68, 69]. Therefore, carbamates are considered reversible AChE inhibitors.</p>\n<p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Pharmacology and Toxicology</p>\n<br><p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Honey is the only insect-derived natural product with therapeutic, traditional, spiritual, nutritional, cosmetic, and industrial value. In addition to having excellent nutritional value, honey is a good source of physiologically active natural compounds, such as polyphenols. Unfortunately, there are very few current research projects investigating the nootropic and neuropharmacological effects ...</p>\n<p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Neurological Effects of Honey: Current and Future Prospects</p>\n<br><p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>\u041d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u00ab\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0434\u044b\u00bb (\u043d\u0435\u043c. Alkaloide) \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432 1819 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0430\u043f\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043c \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u043e\u043c \u041c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0441\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442. alkali \u2014 \u00ab\u0449\u0451\u043b\u043e\u0447\u044c\u00bb (\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439, \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e al qualja \u2014 \u00ab\u043f\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439\u00bb) \u0438 \u0434\u0440.-\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447 ...</p>\n<p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>\u0410\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0434\u044b \u2014 \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f</p>\n<br><p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>A standardized extract containing 8% to 10% carboxy alkyl esters and less than 0.5% oxindole alkaloids has been used in clinical studies in doses of 250 to 300 mg. Contraindications Cat's claw products should be avoided before and after surgery, as well as by those using immunosuppressant therapy and in children due to lack of safety data.</p>\n<p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Cat's Claw Uses, Benefits & Dosage - Drugs.com Herbal Database</p>\n<br><p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Chemistry. Mescaline, or 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine, is a substituted phenethylamine featuring a phenyl ring bound to an amino -NH 2 group through an ethyl chain. Mescaline contains three methoxy functional groups CH 3 O- which are attached to carbons R 3, R 4, and R 5 of the phenyl ring.</p>\n<p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>2. Historical Background. The word \u201cAphrodisiac\u201d is derived from \u201cAphrodite\u201d the Greek goddess of love. By definition aphrodisiacs are the substance, which stimulate sexual desire (Greek-Aphrodisiakos-sexual) [].A variety of plants have been used as sex stimulants or sexual performance enhancer in traditional systems of medicine of various countries [4\u20136].</p>\n<br><p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Mescaline - PsychonautWiki</p>\n<p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Copyright code : 276d3c9737be72cc6ad85977f2b67b21</p>\n<p id='31' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Page 1/1</p>\n<p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Copyright : ius.sotavento.mx</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1198584, "type": "text", "content": "A M i n d s e t f o r t h e B i o p h a r m a c e u t i c a l A l l i a n c e\nM a n a g e r i n t h e E r a o f C o n n e c t e d E c o s y s t e m s\n\n\n# Engaging Collaboratively\n\n\nA clear sign that organizations consider a skill or ability valuable is when \nit begins to find its way into the competencies used to evaluate employee \nperformance. Such is the case today with collaboration. However it isn\u2019t \na single skill \u2013 it\u2019s a purposeful way of working intended to access and \nleverage valuable resources in pursuit of objectives. This is the real \npower of collaboration: combining the knowledge, expertise,\n\n\n \n\nrelationships, and other resources of people and their organizations in\n\n\nThe real power of \ncollaboration is \ncombining the \nknowledge, expertise, \nrelationships, and other \nresources of people in \nways that benefit and \nhelp achieve the \nobjectives of all \nconcerned\n\n\n \n\nways that benefit and help achieve the objectives of all concerned. \nC ollaboration is often considered to be synonymous with cooperation or \nteamwork. But neither cooperation nor teamwork adequately describes \ncollaboration. Cooperating is only one step beyond acquiescing and \ncooperation can be voluntary or it can be forced. Working on teams is \nlikely a required aspect of every professional\u2019s job. True, collaboration \ndoes require working together with another party as teamwork implies. \nIt also requires cooperation. But neither demands the resource leverage \nthat is the advantage offered by collaborating. No one can be forced to \ngive of their insights, make a recommendation, or use the passion of\n\n\n \n\nanother to create new energy, direction, and value, all of which are\n\n\n \n\nintegral to the true nature of collaboration. is a way of working \nW hen practiced appropriately, collaboration \nthat involves coordinating specific activities and exchanging \nrelevant information to leverage resources in the purposeful \npursuit of objectives. It requires an environment of trust, \ntransparency, and respect.\n\n\nCollaboration makes it possible to access the resources, knowledge, and \nrelationships that other people and organizations have and to use each \nparty\u2019s resources for mutual benefit. It also raises the specter of counting \non someone or an entity over which you have no control. Thus, it is a \nsophisticated ability that depends on agile use of skills and an iterative\n\n\n \n\nprocess of achieving desired outcomes. Collaboration is a means to an\n\n\n \n\nend, not an objective in and of itself. \nC ollaboration also is a continuum, not an on or off switch. We collaborate \na little or a lot depending on the task at hand. The intensity of \ncollaboration is defined by the degree to which activities are \ncoordinated; information of appropriate relevance, quality, and \ntimeliness is shared among the partners; and participants\u2019 resources are \nleveraged for the benefit of all parties. The intensity of the collaboration \nis dependent on the nature of the resource leverage sought. The more \none seeks to gain, the greater the collaborative intensity needed. Any \ngreater level of collaboration than required implies that resources are\n\n\n \n\nsquandered. Any lesser level of collaboration than required leaves value\n\n\n21\n\n\n \n\non the table, or worse, may cause the endeavor to fail outright.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 58187, "type": "text", "content": " \n\nplants and humans have an extensive, rich history of \ncommunicating with one another. it\u02bcs a common \nmisconception that humans only learned about \nmedicinal plants through trial and error: there are \nmany ways in which plants tell us about what they can \nbe used for. though plants cannot speak, they have \nnumerous ways to communicate including through \ntheir scents, alkaloids, chemicals, or even the way in \nwhich they grow or bear fruit.\n\n\n \n\nD R E A M I N G O F P L A N T S \nhas a plant ever come to visit you in a dream? this is \nusually one of the loudest ways in which plants try to \nspeak to us. if you dream of a plant, research about \nits medicinal or spiritual use. \ndiscuss: have you dreamt of a plant lately?\n\n\n \n\nW H O \u02bb S O N Y O U R M I N D ? \nwhat plant have you been thinking about lately? you \nmay sometimes \ufb01nd yourself thinking about certain \nplants - or maybe you\u02bcre noticing them a lot more \nwhen you are out and about. this is a great \nopportunity to research this plant \u0336 maybe its \nmedicinal use could be helpful to you! \ndiscuss: \nwhich plants do you feel connected to lately? \nwhat lessons have you learned from a plant recently?\n\n\n \n3\n\n\n \n\n4\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1322045, "type": "text", "content": "# Bookmark File PDF \nAlchemy Of Herbs\n\n\n \n\napproach to herbalism that considers \nthe holistic relationship among \nplants, humans, and the underlying \narchetypal patterns in Nature. \nOrganized in five parts moving from \nthe microcosmic to the universal, this \nwork explores a unique integration of \nclinical herbalism, Ayurveda, medical \nastrology, spagyric alchemy, and \nmedical and esoteric traditions from \nacross the world into a truly holistic \nsystem of plant medicine. A balance \nof the heart and the mind, the science \nand spirit of people and plants, \nEvolutionary Herbalism provides a \nholistic context for how plants can be \nused for transformational levels of \nhealing for the body, spirit, and soul. \nFor both the student herbalist and \nexperienced practitioner, Popham's \noriginal perspectives guide readers to \na more intimate, synergistic, and \nPage 17/24\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1533386, "type": "text", "content": "and cisgender privilege. Allies had to give money to LGBTQ+ organizations.\nAllies needed to \nonly belong to faith communities that are openly supportive of people who are\nLGBTQ+.\n\n\n \n\nDon\u2019t get us wrong: these are some pretty lofty goals, and are good options\nfor some allies. But \nin the end, the same question kept coming up: aren\u2019t people worth so much more\nthan being \nreduced to a list or a set of rigid demands\u2014some of which would probably\nexclude a lot of \npeople from the effort?\n\n\n \n\n# We think so.\n\n\n \n\nSo we went back to the drawing board and thought about what the path to being\nan ally really \nlooks like, and how we might be able to expand it to bring more people on the\njourney. In the \nend, we found ourselves looking at the whole project differently. Our first\nstep was to do a \ndefinition purge, and the second entailed drawing a picture.\n\n\nRather than developing a stiff set of requirements or beliefs for someone to\nbe an ally, we \ncreated a list of some of the qualities people\u2014regardless of where they are on\ntheir ally \njourney\u2014possess:\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Allies want to learn. Allies are people who don\u2019t necessarily know all that\ncan be \nknown on LGBTQ+ issues or about people who are LGBTQ+, but want to learn more.\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Allies address their barriers. Allies are people who might have to grapple\nwith \nsome barriers to being openly and actively supportive of people who are\nLGBTQ+, and \nthey\u2019re willing to take on the challenge.\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Allies are people who know that \u201csupport\u201d comes in many forms. It can mean \nsomething super-public (think covering yourself in rainbow glitter and heading\nto a \nPride celebration with a sign reading, \u201cPROUD ALLY\u201d). But it can also mean\nexpressing \nsupport in more personal ways through the language we use, conversations we \nchoose to have, and signals that we send. And true allies know that all\naspects of ally \nexpression are important, effective, and should be valued equally.\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Allies are diverse. Allies are people who know that there\u2019s no one way to be\nan ally, \nand that everyone gets to adopt the term in a different way\u2026and that\u2019s ok.\n\n\nAn interesting and bold choice, but especially challenging in hot or windy weather. Probably not for everyone.\n\n\n22\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1198616, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='31' style='font-size:14px'>A M i n d s e t f o r t h e B i o p h a r m a c e u t i c a l A l l i a n c e M a n a g e r i n t h e E r a o f C o n n e c t e d E c o s y s t e m s</header>\n<p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>management strategy, or credibility through association, are only</p>\n<p id='33' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>People implicitly use<br>relationship currencies<br>all the time in their<br>interactions with others.<br>When their existence and<br>use are made explicit and<br>purposefully linked to<br>strategic objectives, they<br>become powerful<br>instruments for creating<br>value. This is especially<br>true when one considers<br>that the knowledge,<br>connections,<br>experiences, and skills of<br>people are the primary<br>drivers behind business<br>success today.</p>\n<br><p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>available within the context of a relationship built on trust, respect, and</p>\n<br><p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>reciprocity.<br>P eople implicitly use relationship currencies all the time in their<br>interactions with others. When their existence and use are made explicit<br>and purposefully linked to strategic objectives, they become powerful<br>instruments for creating value. This is especially true when one considers<br>that the knowledge, connections, experiences, and skills of people are the<br>primary drivers behind business success today. People control how they</p>\n<br><p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>share these sources of value and only do so when they feel they\u2019ll be</p>\n<br><p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>properly used in the conduct of good work.<br>I t is a truism that one must give to get. A salesperson won\u2019t introduce a<br>partner to one of his or her sources of information regarding potential<br>customers in a joint territory, unless the salesperson has a relationship<br>with that partner and is confident the introduction will be treated as<br>valuable. The salesperson expects that the partner will reciprocate and<br>offer something that will be of value to him or her at a future date.<br>Collaboration occurs over time, with many interactions comprising the<br>relationship. A single interaction may be 70% you gain and 30% the<br>other party gains. The next interaction could be 20/80 in favor of the<br>other party. What matters is that the parties believe that the give-and-get<br>balances out over time. One-sided relationships don\u2019t last; however, the<br>give back doesn\u2019t have to happen immediately. The best business<br>relationships have a rhythm to them. The give-and-get over time is what<br>builds trust, validates or invalidates assumptions about how to achieve</p>\n<br><p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>objectives, and develops innovative ways of creating value for all</p>\n<br><p id='39' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>concerned. Two: Orchestrating and facilitating communication and<br>S kill Number<br>coordination internally and with the partner</p>\n<p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Alliances are a value creation strategy \u2013 creating something new that one<br>company could not achieve on its own. That makes it an entrepreneurial<br>activity. Indeed, the alliance manager is the entrepreneur of the alliance,<br>rallying people and their resources around the vision of the alliance, just</p>\n<br><p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>as an entrepreneur rallies people and their resources around the vision</p>\n<br><p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>for his or her venture.<br>A n essential component of collaboration is the ability to bring the right<br>people together to drive work forward, to develop solutions to problems,<br>and, most importantly, to make decisions. It is a delicate balance to know<br>when people must come together and when they should be working<br>separately to best leverage their collective resources. Thus when<br>collaborating with large groups of people it is very helpful to carefully<br>define roles and responsibilities so that it is clear how work will be<br>divided and the accountabilities of each group and person. Collaboration<br>is most effective when different people are doing complementary work</p>\n<br><p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>that leverages their strengths and resources and results in a greater</p>\n<br><p id='44' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>ability to get more work done sooner than otherwise possible.</p>\n<p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>23</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 58185, "type": "text", "content": "This booklet was made with love by emmy akin \nolivo, linguist/ethnobotanist/educator of \nacorn.wiki and coyote mountain nature school.\n\n\n \n\nas a part of the Ethical Herbalism series, this \nbooklet was made with respect to Indigenous \npeoples globally. it was made with the intention \nto help guide non-native residents of the \namericas to understand our role in the \nprotection and liberation of plant medicines, \nwhile also sharing how each of us can reconnect \nwith our own ancestral traditional medicines.\n\n\n \n\nthe original version was made 2019. this is the \n2021 version.\n\n\nwww.acorn.wiki \nwiki.acorn@gmail.com \ninstagram \n@acorn.wiki\n\n\n# b e i n g a p l a n t a l l y\n\n\nbeing an ally does not only entail sharing resources, \nbut refusing to consume particular resources as well. \njust as vegans and vegetarians disrupt the meat \nindustry by refusing to pay for and consume animal \nmeat, allies to native communities can choose not to:\n\n\n \n\n\u2043 consume or buy cocaine\n\n\n \n\n\u2043 consume or buy ayahuasca \n\u2043 buy california white sage\n\n\n \n\nin order to not only protect the plant medicines from \nabuse, but also honor the people these plants are \nnative to. \ndeclining to participate in ceremonies of sacred \nplants that are not ancestral to the $haman \nadministering the medicine is equivalent to declining \nto participate in colonist practices. to actively refuse \nto participate in such practices is an act of breaking \nan intergenerational cycle of conquering native lands, \nbodies, and cultures for the use of its resources.\n\n\ndiscuss: what plant medicines can you decline to pay \nfor and/or consume, and which communities will you \nbe supporting in the process?\n\n\n \n\n# p l a n\n\n\nc o m m o n a i l m e n t s i n a l l y s h i p\n\n\n \n\n1\\. self-hate. in our journey in understanding the depths \nand expansiveness of violence caused by white \nsupremacy, it is di\ufb03 cult for white people dedicated to \nanti-racism to appreciate their skin. our bodies can be \na constant reminder of the injustices of this world. \nlack of self-love and even self-hate can be common, \neven causing white people to look at other white anti- \nracist activists with distrust.\n\n\n2\\. substance abuse & colonization of medicine. it is \nnot unusual to \ufb01nd abuse of sacred medicines in \nactivist circles. for example, cocaine is still a popular \nparty drug. cocaine is actually a property of the \nsacred coca leaf; however, the powdery substance \nused so often in the US is a bastardized version that \nis a product of enslaved poor farmers, gang and civil \nwars in various latin american countries, child soldiers, \nand colonization of indigenous lands. it is the \nconsumption of this profane form of sacred medicine \nthat fuels death and violence of native lands and \npeople. \ndiscuss: what else do you think often plagues those \nwho seek to be allies to other groups?\n\n\n \n5\n\n\n \n2\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 58186, "type": "text", "content": "this booklet was written with the intention to connect with \nherbalists, healers, botanists, plant friends, hippies, activists \nand others who are identi\ufb01ed as white, in an attempt to help \nguide folks to an ethical path of herbalism and healing.\n\n\nP L A N T // A L L Y S H I P\n\n\n \n\nALLY. noun. mid-15th century. \u201ca person (or state) formally \ncooperated with another for political or other purpose.\u201d\n\n\nALLY. verb. \u201ccombine or unite a resource or commodity with \nanother for mutual bene\ufb01t.\u201d also, \u201cside with or support \n(someone or something)\u201d\n\n\nACCOMPLICE. noun. mid-16th century. \u201ca person who helps \nanother commit a crime.\u201d\n\n\nPLANT ALLY. noun. \u201ca plant that continually guides, speaks \nto, supports, and heals a person.\u201d\n\n\nas with social/political alliance, cultivating relationships with \nplant allies is non-linear, continuous work. it requires deep \nlistening, humility, practice, and self-re\ufb02ection. cultivating the \nopenness to allow plant allies to come forward will always \nbring us into more healing pathways, not only for ourselves, \nbut for the people and ecology around us.\n\n\ndiscuss: how would you de\ufb01ne plant ally?\n\n\n \n\n1\n\n\n# ancestral allies\n\n\nangelica root this medicinal plant is native to asia \n(angelica sinensis), europe (angelica archangelica) \nand california (angelica californica) and has unique \nmedicinal as well as spiritual uses in all three places.\n\n\noak while oak trees are known to be the food staple of \nmost native californian tribes, their family tree reaches \nall corners of the planet. in parts of europe, especially \nin celtic culture, oak trees are sacred beings that act as \na bridge between human and spirit world. traditionally, \nceremonies are conducted in the presence of oak trees.\n\n\nplantain plantago major is native to europe and \nnorth and central asia, but can be found in almost \nevery nook and crevice in the world. like dandelion, \nits resilient adaptability extends to even the smallest \ncracks in concrete. commonly used as a poultice or \nin salves, plantain\u2019s versatility and indiscriminate \nhealing properties make it a popular medicine \namong all people throughout the world.\n\n\n \n\nvery often, people abuse sacred medicines for three reasons: \nto \ufb01nd a path/understand their purpose in life, to heal trauma, \nor because of curiosity of sacred medicine and the ancient \nknowledge it has to share. \nthese three common thirsts can be satiated without exploiting \nlimited and deeply sacred resources from other marginalized \ngroups of people. in fact, we can all collectively learn to heal our \nown traumas, break toxic intergenerational cycles, \ufb01nd our \npaths, and unearth forgotten knowledge through non- \nappropriated practices and connecting with our own ancestral \nroots. this can be done through herbal medicine as well as other \nartisanal and cultural practices. \ndiscuss: what is a personally ancestral practice you have \nunearthed, intentionally or accidentally? \nby reconnecting with our own unique and diverse ancestries, we \ncan arrive to common ground together. being connected with \nthe \ufb02ow and rhythm of nature, tuned in through the calendar of \nritual and ceremony and the philosophies behind them is \nsomething that is wholly humanistic in nature. however, it\u02bcs \nimportant to understand the nuance of what is common among \nall human societies (cleansing, harvesting, celebrating, healing, \neating, etc), and what is unique and sacred to distinctive \ncultures. \ndiscuss: what\u02bcs an example of an aspect of a culture that can be \nshared by everyone? what\u02bcs an example of an aspect that \nshould remain only for the people of that culture? 6\n\n\n# plant communication\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2568097, "type": "text", "content": "# CONFRONTING SETTLER COLONIALISM IN FOOD SYSTEMS\n\n\nrefusal to be infinitely knowable\u201d (Smith, 2014, p. 231) and requires that\nsettlers abandon the \nmyth of total accessibility to Indigenous knowledges and experiences (Jones &\nJenkins, 2008).\n\n\n \n\nUsing a decolonizing framework has important implications in the context of\nsocial \nmovements. First, in regard to social movement research, Sium et al. (2012)\nassert that \ndecolonization demands scholars become actors and not simply remain spectators\nto the \nknowledge we produce. However, they note that the theory-action divide, or the\ndisconnect \nbetween scholarship and activism, remains a key challenge to the\nconceptualization and practice \nof decolonization. For example, they write that the concept has been deemed\ntoo \u201cacademic\u201d for \nsome activists; consequently, these disconnects become weaknesses of social\nmovement practice \nand scholarship. Next, a decolonizing lens can \u201cunsettle the innocence\u201d of\nsettler-based social \nmovements (Lawrence & Dua, 2005) under the wide banners of social and\necological justice \n(Accomplices not Allies, 2014; Davis, 2010; Fortier, 2017b; Greensmith & Giwa,\n2013; Wallace, \n2013). For instance, Lawrence & Dua (2005) argue decolonization cannot be\nequated to forms of \nanti-racism praxis premised on ongoing colonialism within a liberal-pluralist,\nmulticultural \nframework. Doing so, they assert, distorts and dilutes decolonization and\nobscures the complex \nways people of color are involved in settler colonialism. Similarly, Fortier\n(2017b) and Grande \n(2013) differentiate decolonization from other liberatory struggles in settler\ncolonial contexts by \nexploring the contradictions inherent in social movements like Occupy that\nseek to \u201c(re)claim the \ncommons\u201d on stolen land. There is also a rich area of literature on\nIndigenous-settler alliances, \nsolidarity, and allyship within social movements that traces and problematizes\nthe transformative \nprocesses settlers experience as they confront settler colonialism (Boudreau\nMorris, 2017; Davis, \n2010; Davis et al. 2017; Hiller, 2017; Lowman & Barker, 2015; Maddison et al.,\n2016; McGuire \n& Denis, 2019; Regan, 2010; Reynolds, 2013).\n\n\n \n\nIn contrast, meaningful settler approaches to decolonization are grounded in\ndifference \nand discomfort. To center difference between Indigenous and settler Peoples\nmeans to adopt an \n\u201cethic of incommensurability\u201d rather than one that seeks points of commonality\n(Tuck & Yang, \n2012). Such an approach involves a \u201cdangerous understanding of\nuncommonality\u2026that may feel \nvery unfriendly (Tuck & Yang, 2012). Along these lines, Jones & Jenkins (2008)\nsuggest that \nproductive discourse between Indigenous and Settler Peoples is contentious and\nuncertain, and \nrequires settlers to learn and accept irreducible, incommensurable differences\nfrom the Other, \nrather than approaching collaboration to merely learn about the Other (Jones &\nJenkins, 2008). \nTo this end, accepting incommensurability and being unsettled in general can\nbe channeled into a \n\u201cpedagogy of discomfort\u201d for settlers seeking positions of solidarity with\nIndigenous Peoples \n(Corntassel & Gaudry, 2014; deLeeuw et al., 2013; Tuck & Yang, 2012). It is\nimperative these \nmultiple forms of settler misconduct are front of mind in social movements, as\nthe cooperation\n\n\n11\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1198570, "type": "text", "content": "A M i n d s e t f o r t h e B i o p h a r m a c e u t i c a l A l l i a n c e\nM a n a g e r i n t h e E r a o f C o n n e c t e d E c o s y s t e m s\n\n\nanother way, how much coordination of activity, exchange of \ninformation, and leverage of each other\u2019s financial, technical, human, \nintellectual, social, and political resources are required for the parties to\n\n\n \n\naccomplish their objectives \u2013 to get the value that is the reason for\n\n\n \n\npartnering? \nT he more collaboration that is required, the more hands-on management \nof the relationship is required; the more important it is for the partners \nto align and to create a single team \u2013 to think of themselves as an entity. \nIt has often been said that the benefit of collaboration is to enable a \nsituation where 1+1 = 3. The truth of the matter is that collaboration can \nbe so challenging, requiring additional time and effort, that to make it \nworthwhile, 1+1 should metaphorically equal at least 10. The return \nmust be substantial, otherwise it probably isn\u2019t worth the effort and the \nresources put into the collaboration are better deployed elsewhere. But\n\n\n \n\nin order to get a 10X return, 1+1 must equal 1 \u2013 meaning the partners\n\n\n \n\n5\n\n\n \n\nmust act as if they are one. or Other Collaborative Relationship \nC haracteristics of an Alliance\n\n\nIf there is a continuum of collaboration on which different relationships \nsit, then it necessarily follows that there are other characteristics of the \nrelationship that will vary with intent. It is easiest to look at\nrelationships \nthat are on the high end of the collaboration continuum and then adjust \nas required when there is a reduced need for collaboration. Some or all\n\n\n \n\nof the following characteristics would be present when an alliance needs\n\n\n \n\n# to be\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 highly collaborative: \n\u2022 The shared intent of the relationship is important to each \n\u2022 partner\u2019s strategy \nConsensus decision making is required or desirable \n\u2022 Each partner bears risk \u2013 and commits resources \ncommensurate with risk and potential reward \n\u2022 There is a joint work plan and conscious decisions are made \n\u2022 about which partner does what work in pursuit of the objective \n\u2022 There is a long-term written agreement between the partners \nA formal governance structure is designed and implemented \n\u2022 The relationship is cross-functional, and may cross business \n\u2022 units or therapeutic areas \nMoney isn\u2019t the only currency of value\n\n\n \n\nThe ultimate value can\u2019t be determined at the initiation of the\n\n\n \n\nrelationship \nWhile some companies reserve the term \u201cstrategic alliance\u201d for their \nmost important and biggest relationships, an alliance is strategic when\n\n\n \n\nits activities and the value they are intended to produce are key\n\n\n \n\ncontributors to an organization\u2019s overall strategy.\n\n\n \n\nRemix Strategy: The Three Laws of Business \n5 Combinations,\n\n\n \n\nBenjamin Gomes-Casseres,\n\n\n \n\nHarvard Business School Press, 2015\n\n\n7\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	How could the definition of an 'ally' as someone cooperating for mutual benefit be contrasted with that of an 'accomplice' in complex scenarios involving plant medicine?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 335, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["tabular reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 202383, "type": "text", "content": "Sydney: (02) 9890 9111 \nBrisbane: (07) 3715 2200 \nMelbourne: (03) 9212 4422 \nPerth: (08) 9373 9999\n\n\n# Product Brochure For D061\n\n\n \n\nsales@machineryhouse.com.au \nwww.machineryhouse.com.au\n\n\nSpecific Features\n\n\n \n\n# Packaging\n\n\nRecommended Accessories\n\n\nD0615 \nDeburring Tool - Blades\n\n\n05/08/2021 12:17 PM\n\n\nPowered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)\n\n\n \nSpecifications and prices are subject to change without notification\n\n\n \nPage 2 of 2\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2103040, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='0' style='font-size:18px'>Content</h1>\n<p id='1' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>This website is for information only. Unless otherwise stated it is not intended to offer advice<br>and is not to be taken as, in any way, offering to sell any product or provide any service.</p>\n<p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>We retain the copyright for the pages of this website and the material and information<br>contained in those pages, with all rights reserved by us.</p>\n<p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The pages of this site may not, in whole or in part, be reproduced, copied stored, transmitted<br>or used by any party, except for the purpose of downloading for private, non-commercial,<br>viewing purposes or where we have given our prior written consent. You must not alter<br>anything on this website and no material from this site may be used on any other website. No<br>links may be created to this site without our prior written consent.</p>\n<p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>We may make changes to the information contained within this site at any time without<br>updating this site to reflect those changes. We will not be liable for errors, omissions or for<br>information becoming out of date. If you are in any doubt as to the accuracy and currency of<br>any information contained within the pages of this site, or you require any further information,<br>you should contact us.</p>\n<h1 id='5' style='font-size:18px'>Dowloads</h1>\n<p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Any software is downloaded at your own risk. We do not warrant the suitability of any software<br>which is downloaded and accept no liability for any problems with your computer that may<br>arise as a result.</p>\n<h1 id='7' style='font-size:18px'>Liability</h1>\n<p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>We will not be liable for any claims, penalties, losses, damages, costs or expenses arising<br>from the use of or inability to use, interruption or availability of, this website, its operation or<br>transmission, computer viruses or any unauthorised access to or alteration of the website. We<br>do not warrant that the contents of this website are compatible with all computer systems and<br>browsers.</p>\n<h1 id='9' style='font-size:18px'>Emails</h1>\n<p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>We do not guarantee that any email sent to us will be received or that the contents will remain<br>private during transmission. If you are concerned about this please consider other means of<br>communication. You are responsible for ensuring any electronic message or information you<br>send to us is free from any virus or defect that may harm our systems in any way.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1433195, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='68' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>are my r\u00e9sum\u00e9. You can reach me by e-mail or phone. I<br>looks forward to speaking with you in person.</p>\n<br><h1 id='69' style='font-size:16px'>Thanks,</h1>\n<br><h1 id='70' style='font-size:16px'>Felicia Fellini</h1>\n<h1 id='71' style='font-size:20px'>Writing at Work</h1>\n<h1 id='72' style='font-size:16px'>Figure 8.12 \u201cAdvertisement\u201d</h1>\n<figure><img id='73' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(279,639); bottom-right:(547,817)\" /></figure>\n<p id='74' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Imagine that you are a prospective client and that you<br>saw this ad online. Would you call Terra Services to handle<br>your next project? Probably not! Mistakes in subject-verb<br>agreement can cost a company business. Paying careful<br>attention to grammatical details ensures professionalism<br>that clients will recognize and respect.</p>\n<footer id='75' style='font-size:14px'>Writing Basics: What Makes a Good Sentence? \| 359</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 202382, "type": "text", "content": "Sydney: (02) 9890 9111 \nBrisbane: (07) 3715 2200 \nMelbourne: (03) 9212 4422 \nPerth: (08) 9373 9999\n\n\n# Product Brochure For D061\n\n\n \n\nsales@machineryhouse.com.au \nwww.machineryhouse.com.au\n\n\n# D061 - Deburring Tool - Pocket Clip\n\n\nIncludes 10 x HSS Blades\n\n\n \n\nD061\n\n\n \n\nORDER CODE:\n\n\nDescription\n\n\n \n\nDeburring Tools are used for removing unwanted sharp edges of metal after\nbeing machined. \nFiling can be time consuming and not always the best solution to achieve a\nclean smooth edge. This is why our Deburring hand tools have \nbeen designed to easily remove burrs economically fast & efficient.\n\n\n# F eatures\n\n\n \n\nPencil Clip Type \nPocket Clip to keep handy in your top pocket\n\n\n \n\nIncludes\n\n\n \n\n10 x HSS Blades\n\n\n \n\nOptional Accessories\n\n\n \n\nSpare Deburring Blades: (D0615)\n\n\n05/08/2021 12:17 PM\n\n\n \nSpecifications and prices are subject to change without notification\n\n\n \nPage 1 of 2\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1433259, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='0' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>proper noun, the beginning of a quote, or the first letter<br>of another independent clause. Do NOT capitalize if the<br>information following the colon is not a complete<br>sentence.</p>\n<h1 id='1' style='font-size:16px'>Proper noun: We visited three countries: Belize, Honduras, and El<br>Salvador.</h1>\n<br><p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Beginning of a quote: My mother loved this line from Hamlet: \u201cTo<br>thine own self be true.\u201d</p>\n<br><p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Two independent clauses: There are drawbacks to modern<br>technology: My brother\u2019s cell phone died and he lost a lot of phone<br>numbers.</p>\n<br><h1 id='4' style='font-size:16px'>Incorrect: The recipe is simple: Tomato, basil, and avocado.</h1>\n<h1 id='5' style='font-size:20px'>Exercise 8</h1>\n<p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>On your own sheet of paper, correct the following<br>sentences by adding semicolons or colons where needed. If<br>the sentence does not need a semicolon or colon, write OK.</p>\n<br><h1 id='7' style='font-size:16px'>1. Don\u2019t give up you never know what tomorrow brings.</h1>\n<br><p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>2. Our records show that the patient was admitted on<br>March 9, 2010 January 13, 2010 and November 16, 2009.</p>\n<br><p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>3. Allow me to introduce myself I am the greatest ice-<br>carver in the world.</p>\n<footer id='10' style='font-size:14px'>Punctuation \| 423</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1160046, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='28' style='font-size:20px'>Contact Information Standards</h1>\n<br><p id='29' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 The home page for each department and division should have contact information on<br>the right-hand side of the page. This information should allow a person to get in<br>contact with a main desk where their specific request can be routed.<br>\u2022 Formatting for contact information:</p>\n<br><p id='30' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>8 a.m. \u2013 5:00 p.m.<br>o<br>Ph: xxx-xxx-xxxx<br>o<br>Fx: xxx-xxx-xxxx<br>o<br>Street Modifiers \u2013 Abbreviate St., Ave., and Blvd. Spell out all other identifiers.<br>o<br>Street Numbers \u2013 Spell out and capitalize First through Ninth when used in<br>o<br>street names; use figures for 10th and above: 7 Fifth Ave., 100 21st St.</p>\n<h1 id='31' style='font-size:20px'>Staff Directory</h1>\n<br><p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Town of Oakland users should display contact<br>information in the Staff Directory module. This allows<br>for department and staff information to be maintained<br>and updated from a single location. An example for the<br>suggested format is included to the right.</p>\n<h1 id='33' style='font-size:22px'>I nfo Advanced</h1>\n<br><p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The Info Advanced module is used to display the<br>same content on multiple pages. If it is necessary to<br>post the same information on multiple pages, this<br>module should be used since the content can be<br>updated from a single location.</p>\n<h1 id='35' style='font-size:22px'>A ddresses within Text</h1>\n<br><p id='36' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 There is no break between a lead-in sentence or<br>subhead and the address block below it. Use an<br>address block when an address is listed within page<br>content.<br>\u2022 If the address has a P.O. Box but the same zip code<br>as the physical address, the P.O. Box info can be<br>listed on the second line of the address.<br>\u2022 If you have a separate physical and mailing address,<br>list the physical address info in a separate block from<br>the mailing address to enable users to easily highlight<br>and search for directions. (See example)<br>\u2022 Room, floor, suite, etc. is listed out on the second line<br>of an address block. If there is also a P.O. Box in the<br>address, the floor, suite, etc. \u2013 would still be listed<br>above the P.O. Box.<br>\u2022 Spell out and capitalize First through Ninth when used<br>in street names; use figures for 10th and above: 7 Fifth<br>Ave., 100 21st St.</p>\n<br><h1 id='37' style='font-size:18px'>S taff Directory Example</h1>\n<h1 id='38' style='font-size:18px'>J ane Doe</h1>\n<br><p id='39' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Department Director<br>Email<br>Ph: 555-555-5555</p>\n<h1 id='40' style='font-size:18px'>P hysical Address</h1>\n<br><p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>12345 ABC Lane<br>Suite 1<br>Whoville, FL 33333<br>View Map</p>\n<br><h1 id='42' style='font-size:18px'>M ailing Address</h1>\n<br><p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>P.O. Box 123<br>Whatville, FL 33334<br>Email<br>Ph: 555-555-5555<br>Fax: 555-555-5555<br>Emergency: 911</p>\n<br><h1 id='44' style='font-size:18px'>H ours</h1>\n<br><p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(Excluding Holidays)<br>Monday - Friday<br>8 a.m. \u2013 5:00 p.m.</p>\n<p id='46' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>S taff Directory</p>\n<footer id='47' style='font-size:14px'>3</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1160030, "type": "text", "content": "# Specific Elements to Consider\n\n\n \n\nIn order to achieve the group\u2019s vision for the Town\u2019s site(s) we must deliver\nclear, concise, \nwell-formatted content. Therefore, the Town has adopted the following best\npractices to help \nusers develop and maintain content. This guide was created using some of the\nforemost \nauthorities in website usability as references, as well as expertise from our\nown employees.\n\n\n# C apitalization\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 The words \u201ccity\u201d, \u201ccounty\u201d, or \u201ctown\u201d (also borough, village, district,\netc.) are never \ncapitalized unless they are stated in that entity\u2019s proper name (ex: the \u201cTown\nof \nOakland\u201d vs. the city. The same rule applies to \u201cstate.\u201d \n\u2022 Do not use all caps to emphasize an important point. Capitalizing all the\nletters in a \nword has been found to decrease a reader\u2019s ability to quickly discern what the\nword is. \nIf you need to emphasize a piece of content, use bolding instead.\n\n\n# Numerals & Percentages\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Write all numbers as figures so that users scanning for measurements,\nlimits, data, \netc., can easily find them. For example: \u201cPlease submit 3 copies of the form,\u201d\nnot \n\u201cplease submit three copies of the form.\u201d \n\u2022 The percent symbol (%) should be used instead of the word \u201cpercent\u201d in all\ncontent for \neasy readability. \n\u2022 Numbers in a table should be right aligned unless the right alignment makes\nit difficult \nfor users to read other data within the table (see also: Tables).\n\n\n# G rammar & Tone\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Content copy should be grammatically correct and written in clear, concise\nsentences. \n\u2022 The average U.S. citizen reads best at an 8th or 9th grade level, so\nconsider simplifying \nyour content. You can use the Flesch-Kinkaid reader in Microsoft Word to\ndetermine \nthe current level of difficulty of any piece of content. \n\u2022 Avoid using multiple punctuation marks in a row such as \u201cwow!\u201d instead of\n\u201cwow!!!!\u201d or \n\u201cwhat?\u201d instead of \u201cwhat???\u201d Exclamation points should be used sparingly. \n\u2022 Know your audience. Some content is meant to engage. Some content is meant\nto \ninform or educate. Some content must simply direct users to contact a real\nperson. Not \nall content is intended to do everything, and that is ok. Make sure that you\nare keeping \nyour audience and the purpose of the content in mind when either writing or\nformatting \ncontent for the website. \n\u2022 It is okay to write in a more conversational tone when writing for the web.\nHowever, \nslang and jargon should still be avoided. \n\u2022 Avoid writing in the passive voice. The active voice is more engaging and\ndirect.\n\n\n \n\nExample: \u201cAction on the bill is being considered by the Board\u201d is passive\nvoice. \no \n\u201cThe Board is considering taking action on the bill\u201d is active voice.\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Do not use run-on or fragment sentences. \n\u2022 Be consistent with your sentence tense throughout the entire page.\n\n\n2\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1160045, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='17' style='font-size:22px'>Specific Elements to Consider</h1>\n<br><p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>In order to achieve the group\u2019s vision for the Town\u2019s site(s) we must deliver clear, concise,<br>well-formatted content. Therefore, the Town has adopted the following best practices to help<br>users develop and maintain content. This guide was created using some of the foremost<br>authorities in website usability as references, as well as expertise from our own employees.</p>\n<h1 id='19' style='font-size:18px'>C apitalization</h1>\n<br><p id='20' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 The words \u201ccity\u201d, \u201ccounty\u201d, or \u201ctown\u201d (also borough, village, district, etc.) are never<br>capitalized unless they are stated in that entity\u2019s proper name (ex: the \u201cTown of<br>Oakland\u201d vs. the city. The same rule applies to \u201cstate.\u201d<br>\u2022 Do not use all caps to emphasize an important point. Capitalizing all the letters in a<br>word has been found to decrease a reader\u2019s ability to quickly discern what the word is.<br>If you need to emphasize a piece of content, use bolding instead.</p>\n<h1 id='21' style='font-size:18px'>Numerals & Percentages</h1>\n<br><p id='22' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Write all numbers as figures so that users scanning for measurements, limits, data,<br>etc., can easily find them. For example: \u201cPlease submit 3 copies of the form,\u201d not<br>\u201cplease submit three copies of the form.\u201d<br>\u2022 The percent symbol (%) should be used instead of the word \u201cpercent\u201d in all content for<br>easy readability.<br>\u2022 Numbers in a table should be right aligned unless the right alignment makes it difficult<br>for users to read other data within the table (see also: Tables).</p>\n<h1 id='23' style='font-size:20px'>G rammar & Tone</h1>\n<br><p id='24' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 Content copy should be grammatically correct and written in clear, concise sentences.<br>\u2022 The average U.S. citizen reads best at an 8th or 9th grade level, so consider simplifying<br>your content. You can use the Flesch-Kinkaid reader in Microsoft Word to determine<br>the current level of difficulty of any piece of content.<br>\u2022 Avoid using multiple punctuation marks in a row such as \u201cwow!\u201d instead of \u201cwow!!!!\u201d or<br>\u201cwhat?\u201d instead of \u201cwhat???\u201d Exclamation points should be used sparingly.<br>\u2022 Know your audience. Some content is meant to engage. Some content is meant to<br>inform or educate. Some content must simply direct users to contact a real person. Not<br>all content is intended to do everything, and that is ok. Make sure that you are keeping<br>your audience and the purpose of the content in mind when either writing or formatting<br>content for the website.<br>\u2022 It is okay to write in a more conversational tone when writing for the web. However,<br>slang and jargon should still be avoided.<br>\u2022 Avoid writing in the passive voice. The active voice is more engaging and direct.</p>\n<br><p id='25' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>Example: \u201cAction on the bill is being considered by the Board\u201d is passive voice.<br>o<br>\u201cThe Board is considering taking action on the bill\u201d is active voice.</p>\n<br><p id='26' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 Do not use run-on or fragment sentences.<br>\u2022 Be consistent with your sentence tense throughout the entire page.</p>\n<footer id='27' style='font-size:14px'>2</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2710714, "type": "html", "content": "<table id='51' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>45BOOKS</td></tr><tr><td>When a book is the source, provide the name of the publisher as shown on the work, followed by a period. Do not include designations of business structure (e.g., Inc., Ltd., , LLC) in the publisher name. Do not include the publisher location. If two or more publishers are listed, include all of them in the order shown in the work. When the author is the same as the publisher, omit the publisher from the reference. It is not necessary to note when you used an audiobook verses a book or an ebook when the content is the same. Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of the book in sentence case. Publisher Name. DOI or URL Editor, E. E., & Editor, F. F. (Eds.). (Year). Title of the book in sentence case (2nd ed., Vol. 4). Publisher Name. DOI or URL</td></tr><tr><td>Authored Book: Brown, L. S. (2018). Feminist therapy (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https:// doi.org/10.1037/0000092-000 Burgess, R. (2019). Rethinking global health: Frameworks of power. Routledge. Authored Book, with editor credited on the book cover: Meadows, D. H. (2008). Thinking in systems: A primer (D. Wright, Ed.). Chelsea Green Publishing. Edited Book: Hacker, Hughes, J. (Ed.). (2017). Military veteran psychological health and social care: Contemporary approaches. Routledge.</td></tr><tr><td>BOOK CHAPTERS & REFERENCE ENTRIES</td></tr><tr><td>For works with editors, in the source element of the reference, write the word \u201cIn\u201d followed by the initials and surnames (not inverted) of the editors and the editor abbreviation following in parentheses. Then add a comma, the title of the whole book or reference work in italic sentence case, the page or page range of the chapter or entry in parentheses without italics and a period. Then provide the name of the publisher. Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of the chapter/entry in sentence case. In E. E. Editor & F. F. Editor (Eds.), Title of the work in sentence case (edition, page range). Publisher Name. DOI or URL</td></tr><tr><td>Chapter in an Edited Book: Balsam, K. F., Martell, C. R., Jones, K. P., & Safren, S. A. (2019). Affirmative cognitive behavior therapy with sexual and gender minority people. In G. Y. Inwamasa & P. A. Hays (Eds.), Culturally responsive cognitive behavior therapy: Practice and supervision (2nd ed., pp. 287-314). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000199-012 Weinstock, R., Leong, G. B., & Silvia, J. A. (2003). Defining forensic psychiatry: Roles and responsibilities. In R. Rosner (Ed.), Principles and practice of forensic psychiatry (2nd ed., pp. 7-13). CRC Press. Entry in a Dictionary, Thesaurus, or Encyclopedia: Graham, G. (2019). Behaviorism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Summer 2019 ed.). Stanford University. https://plato.standord.edu/archives/sum209/entries/ behaviorism/ List of oldest companies. (2019, January 13). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia/org/w/index.php? title=List_of_oldest_companies&oldid=878158136</td></tr><tr><td>CONFERENCE SESSIONS & PRESENTATIONS</td></tr><tr><td>Conference sessions and presentations include paper presentations, poster sessions, keynote addresses, and symposium contributions. Include a label in square brackets after the title that matches how the presentation was described at the conference; include all authors listed as contributing to the presentation (even if they are not physically present). The date should match the date(s) of the full conference. Include the location of the conference. Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year, Month, Days). Title of contribution in sentence case [Type of contribution]. Conference Name, Location. DOI or URL Fistek, A., Jester, E., & Sonnenberg, K. (2017, July 12-15). Everybody's got a little music in them: Using music therapy to connect, engage, and motivate [Conference session]. Autism Society National Conference, Milwaukee, WI, United States. https://asa.con-fex.com/asa/2017/ webprogramarchives/Session9517.html Maddox, S., Hurling, J., Steward, E., & Edwards, A. (2016, March 30-April 2). If mama ain\u2019t happy, nobody\u2019s happy: The effect of parental depression on mood dysregulation in children [Paper presentation]. Southeastern Psychological Association 62nd Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA. United States.</td></tr><tr><td>DISSERTATIONS & THESES</td></tr><tr><td>For published dissertations and theses, the university name appears in square brackets after the title. Author, A. A. (Year). Title of dissertation or thesis in sentence case [Type of publication, Name of Institution Awarding the Degree]. Database or Archive Name. URL</td></tr><tr><td>Hollander, M. M. (2017). Resistance to authority: Methodological innovations and new lessons from the Milgram experiment (Publication No. 10289373) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. Hutchenson, V. H. (2012). Dealing with dual differences: Social coping strategies of gifted and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer adolescents [Master\u2019s thesis, The College of William & Mary]. William & Mary Digital Archive. https://digitalarchive.wm.edu/bitstream/ handle/10288/16594/HutchesonVirginia2012.pdf</td></tr><tr><td>WEBSITES</td></tr><tr><td>Use this category only if there is no other reference category that fits and the work has no parent or overarching publication (e.g., journal, blog, conference proceedings) other than the website itself. If you cite multiple webpages from a website, create a reference for each. When the author\u2019s name and the site name are the same, omit the site name from the source element. Include a retrieval date only when the content is designed to change over time and the page is not</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>archived. Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year, Month, Day). Title of work in sentence case. Site Name. URL</p>\n<footer id='53' style='font-size:18px'>4</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2348720, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='77' style='font-size:20px'>Bullet point/list punctuation</h1>\n<br><h1 id='78' style='font-size:16px'>Do not capitalise the first letter of bullet points.</h1>\n<br><p id='79' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Do not punctuate the end of bullet points if they are a list<br>of items, e.g.</p>\n<br><h1 id='80' style='font-size:16px'>Flowers available:</h1>\n<br><p id='81' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>* roses<br>* tulips<br>* pansies<br>* daffodils</p>\n<br><p id='82' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Add a full stop to the last bullet point if the bullet points<br>form a complete sentence with the preceding text, e.g.</p>\n<br><h1 id='83' style='font-size:16px'>The following flowers are available:</h1>\n<br><h1 id='84' style='font-size:16px'>* roses</h1>\n<br><h1 id='85' style='font-size:16px'>* tulips</h1>\n<br><h1 id='86' style='font-size:16px'>* pansies.</h1>\n<p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>If each bullet point is a sentence in its own right, add a<br>semicolon to the end of each point and \u201cor\u201d or \u201cand\u201d to the<br>penultimate point:<br>LEAF TRANSLATIONS<br>When you enter the building, proceed as follows:<br>Logo Development 1<br>* check the information on the notice board;<br>* sign in at the reception desk; and<br>* proceed to the waiting room and await assistance.</p>\n<figure><img id='88' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(378,1002); bottom-right:(614,1178)\" /></figure>\n<h1 id='89' style='font-size:18px'>TRANSLATIONS</h1>\n<br><p id='90' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>LEaF TRANSLATIONS</p>\n<p id='91' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u00a9 2021 Annina Diston</p>\n<br><h1 id='92' style='font-size:18px'>TRANSLATIONS</h1>\n<br><p id='93' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>LEaF</p>\n<br><h1 id='94' style='font-size:20px'>Capitalisation</h1>\n<br><p id='95' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Capitalise proper nouns, e.g. names, towns, countries, brand names,<br>planets, the names of specific buildings, organisations, days of the<br>week, months etc.</p>\n<br><h1 id='96' style='font-size:14px'>Capitalise acronyms, e.g. VAT, CEO, UNESCO.</h1>\n<br><p id='97' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Only capitalise the first letters in headings (except to grab attention<br>on websites).</p>\n<br><p id='98' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>For websites: menu headings and page titles may be capitalised as<br>desired - it depends on the website in question, but remain<br>consistent within the site.</p>\n<br><p id='99' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>For books, films, songs: capitalise the first word and all subsequent<br>words except articles (the/a), prepositions (to/on) and conjunctions<br>(and/ but), e.g. Back to the Future, The Wind in the Willows.</p>\n<br><p id='100' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>For locations, capitalise if part of the proper noun:<br>e.g. Mount Everest, The Lake District, the River Ouse<br>Note: the Ouse river, Hoher Mei\u00dfner mountain - in these cases the<br>proper noun is the Ouse/Hoher Mei\u00dfner; river and mountain are<br>common nouns here, as in the red house.</p>\n<br><p id='101' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Job titles are capitalised where they refer to specific people, e.g. the<br>President, the Queen, the Prime Minister, Managing Director Paula<br>Nickolds.</p>\n<br><p id='102' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Job titles are not capitalised where they refer to a general post or<br>profession, e.g. my teacher, the managing director of that company.</p>\n<p id='103' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>You can find more information about when to use<br>capital letters on the LEaF blog here.</p>\n<br><p id='104' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>LEaF</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	How would you format the contact email and website into a sentence with proper punctuation and capitalization?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 342, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["format reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 655001, "type": "text", "content": "Authority reserves the right to prohibit or minimize resales to third parties\nduring times of \ndrought.\n\n\n# C ontract Terms, Renewals, and Extensions\n\n\nT he maximum term for a new long-term raw water supply contract will be thirty\nyears; \nprovided, however, the length of the term for all new long-term contracts will\nbe rounded \ndown to the closest year ending in zero or five. Contract renewals and\nextensions will \nalso be similarly limited unless an existing contract provides otherwise.\nRenewals and \nextensions are at the sole discretion of the Brazos River Authority and will\nnot be \nconsidered until one year prior to expiration of an existing contract. (TEX.\nWATER CODE \n\u00a7 49.213(c)(1).)\n\n\n# A uthority for Policy 6.5\n\n\n \n\nT EX. SPEC. DISTS. CODE \u00a7 8502.004, 8502.006; 8502.017 \nTEX. WATER CODE \u00a7\u00a7 11.024, 11.1271, 11.1272, 49.211, 49.218, 49.213(c)(1), \n49.2261.\n\n\nBRAZOS RIVER AUTHORITY OPERATIONS POLICIES MANUAL \u2013 APRIL 30, 2019\n\n\n \n\u00a76.5 \n4 of 4\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2106516, "type": "text", "content": "O PTION TO EXTEND THE TERM OF THE CONTRACT: The Government has the option to\nextend the term of this \ncontract for a period of 12 months by written notice to the contractor not\nlater than 30 days before the contract expires. If \nthe Government exercises this option, the extended contract shall be\nconsidered to include this clause, except, the total \nduration of the contract may not exceed five (5) years as a result of, and\nincluding, any extension(s) added under this clause. \nFurther extension may be negotiated under the \u201cEXTENSION OF CONTRACT TERM\u201d\nclause. See also \u201cECONOMIC \nPRICE ADJUSTMENT\u201d for authorized pricing adjustment(s).\n\n\nE XTENSION OF CONTRACT TERM: At the request of the Government, the term of any\ncontract resulting from this \nsolicitation may be extended for such period of time as may be mutually\nagreeable to the GPO and the contractor.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2802586, "type": "text", "content": "27\n\n\nThe appointment on short-term contract basis shall be made initially for \na period of 3 years, which will be extendable/renewable for successive terms \nof one year each for a maximum of 2 years at the discretion of the \nCommission.\n\n\n \n\nThe appointment on deputation basis shall be made initially for a period \nof 3 years which will be extendable/renewable for successive terms of one \nyear each for a maximum of 2 years at the discretion of the Commission \nunder the general guidelines issued by Department of Personnel and \nTraining.\n\n\n \n\nThe Officers and staff appointed on a regular basis in the Commission \nimmediately before the commencement of these regulations shall be deemed \nto have been appointed under these regulations.\n\n\n \n\nProvided that the staff appointed on deputation and willing to get \npermanently absorbed in the Commission, may on completion of two years of \ndeputation exercise their option for permanent absorption in the Commission \nand the appointing authority may in its discretion, take such decision, as it \nconsiders appropriate.\n\n\n# 7\\. Allocation of posts -\n\n\n \n\nThe inter-se allocation of the sanctioned posts among different \nfunctional areas shall be as decided by the Commission from time to time.\n\n\n \n\n# 8\\. Power to keep posts vacant -\n\n\n \n\nNothing in regulation 5 shall be construed as requiring the Commission \nto have at all times, staff serving in all the categories or posts.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1103741, "type": "html", "content": "<table id='5' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td></td><td>publications in international peer-reviewed journals; \uf0b7 Good communication and writing skills; \uf0b7 Creativity and ability to work independently. Knowledge of English (B2) is required.</td></tr><tr><td>Directorate Unit</td><td>Sustainable Resources Food Security F urther information: https://marswiki.jrc.ec.europa.eu/wikicap</td></tr><tr><td>Indicative duration</td><td>36 months initial contract with possible renewals up to maximum 6 years</td></tr><tr><td>JRC Site C ountry</td><td>Ispra I taly</td></tr><tr><td>Rules and eligibility</td><td>The candidate must be on a valid EPSO reserve list for Function Group IV contract staff. If you are not in any valid EPSO reserve list for Function Group IV contract staff, you can still apply by following these steps. You express your interest by applying to the CAST Permanent or to the permanent JRC Call for researchers. 1. CAST Permanent: open-ended selection procedure to create a pool of candidates from which the institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the European Union (EU) can recruit contract agents. https://epso.europa.eu/documents/2240_en 2. JRC Call COM/1/2015/GFIV \u2013 Research: open-ended selection procedure to create a pool of candidates from which mainly the JRC can recruit contract agents FGIV as researchers. Details available at the link below: https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/working-with- us/jobs/vacancies/function-group-IV-researchers Only then you can apply for this specific position, through http://recruitment.jrc.ec.europa.eu/?type=AX Auxiliary contract staff: https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/working- with-us/jobs/temporary-positions/contract-staff-members Article 3b of the Conditions of Employment of Other Servants of the European Union applies: the actual period of employment within the Commission under this type of contract, including any period under renewal, shall not exceed 6 years. P lease note that in case a high number of applications is received only shortlisted candidates will be contacted.</td></tr></table>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2024112, "type": "text", "content": "(i) prior orientation to the position for the temporary employee; \n(ii) providing orientation and continuity to the permanent employee \nupon assuming or re-assuming the duties performed by the \ntemporary employee.\n\n\nT emporary positions established to cover vacation periods, leaves of absence\nand/or \nother absences shall not be considered non-permanent projects or temporary\npeak \nworkload positions.\n\n\nT emporary peak workload positions shall not exceed twelve months in length\nexcept as \nprovided for in the following paragraph: (2010)\n\n\n \n\nS hould the Department Head be of the opinion that the peak workload requires \ncontinuation of the temporary position beyond six months, the matter shall be\nreferred to \nthe Chief Administrative Officer or their designate for review. Such referral\nshould be \nmade no later than 15 days prior to the expiry of the six month period. The\nChief \nAdministrative Officer shall have thirty (30) calendar days following the\nreferral or \nfollowing the expiry of the six month period, whichever is later, to complete\nthe review \nand recommend the following: (2016)\n\n\n1\\. that the temporary position be discontinued at the end of the 30 day\nperiod; \n2\\. that a request be made to the Union to extend the temporary position; \n3\\. that Council deem the position permanent.\n\n\nShould Council agree to make the temporary position permanent, it shall be\nposted and \nprocessed in accordance with the Job Posting provisions of the collective\nagreement. A \ndecision by Council not to make the temporary position permanent shall result\nin the \ndiscontinuation of the temporary position and termination of the temporary\nemployee no \nlater than one week following Council\u2019s decision. The individual employed in\nthe \ntemporary position under review may continue as a temporary employee until the \nposition is discontinued, extended, or filled as a full-time vacancy. Failure\nto refer the \nmatter to the Chief Administrative Officer in the time limits referred to\nshall not result in \nthe temporary employee being deemed permanent.\n\n\nT emporary employees hired for non-permanent projects shall not displace or be\nused to \nreduce the regular working hours of existing employees covered by this\ncollective \nagreement.\n\n\nN on-permanent projects shall not last longer than twenty-four (24) total\nmonths within \nany thirty-six (36) consecutive month period, per project, except by mutual\nconsent of the \nChief Administrative Officer and the Union.\n\n\n \n\nAll timeframes referred to herein apply to each temporary position, whether\noccupied by \none person throughout or by a succession of people. Such timeframes may be\nextended \nby mutual consent of the Chief Administrative Officer and the Union. (2004)\n\n\n# 3 2.02\n\n\n \n\nThe designation of a \"temporary position\" may be made for a period of a\nmaximum of twelve \nmonths. (2004)(2010)\n\n\n31\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2443402, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(ii) Permit conversion to mission-specific 100 series contracts for staff members who have a minimum<br>of four years of service, provided that their functions have been reviewed and found necessary and<br>their performance has been confirmed as fully satisfactory;</p>\n<p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>(iii) Permit reassignment of 300 and 100 series mission-specific appointees to another mission in a<br>similar capacity to meet the requirements of the organization [A/61/30, para. 181].</p>\n<br><p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>2007 64th session (March): The Commission considered the Secretary-General\u2019s proposal [A/61/255, VI]<br>of a contractual framework for the United Nations organizations. The Commission concluded that the<br>Secretary-General\u2019s proposal to introduce one United Nations staff contract, under one set of staff<br>rules, with three types of appointments would actually require five staff contracts, under one set of<br>staff rules, with five types of appointments. While the Commission was in favour of one set of staff<br>rules, it was of the opinion that the Secretary-General\u2019s objectives could all be achieved within the<br>simple structure of three types of contract as described in the ICSC framework* for contractual<br>arrangements [*A/60/30, annex IV].</p>\n<p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The Commission, in comparing the Secretary-General\u2019s proposals to ICSC\u2019s contractual framework,<br>found that in several important respects, the proposals were not aligned with its framework. The<br>Commission, having reviewed in detail the proposal of the Secretary-General, and in light of its<br>observations, concluded that the Secretary-General\u2019s proposal should be revised to conform to ICSC\u2019s<br>contractual framework [A/61/30/Add.1].</p>\n<p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>65th session (July): The Commission had before it, matters for which further follow-up had been<br>requested and issues identified for regular update by the Commission.</p>\n<br><h1 id='21' style='font-size:18px'>The Commission decided:</h1>\n<p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(c) To request its secretariat to provide further analysis of the items reported on, including a full review<br>of:</p>\n<p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(ii) Use of appointments of limited duration [ICSC/65/15, para. 56];</p>\n<br><p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>2010 70th session (February/March): The Commission was presented with a document containing details<br>on the implementation status of the ICSC framework for contractual arrangements throughout the<br>common system and on all available types of contracts in the organizations, as well as information on<br>the recent developments of contract reform in some organizations. The document also examined the<br>current situation with regard to appointments of limited duration in the organizations [ICSC/70/R.6].</p>\n<p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The Commission, in examining the broader use of appointments of limited duration, was of the opinion<br>that such contracts no longer met the needs of the organizations. The compensation offered under these<br>contracts was not comparable to other contract types in the common system organizations. As a result,<br>it created inequity among staff working at the same duty station, side by side, and also affected staff<br>morale. The Commission, therefore, decided to remove appointments of limited duration from its<br>framework for contractual arrangements [A/65/30, para. 113].</p>\n<h1 id='26' style='font-size:18px'>The Commission decided to:</h1>\n<p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>(a) Remove the reference to contracts for a limited duration of up to four years from its framework for<br>contractual arrangements and revise the framework accordingly, as presented in annex V [A/65/30],<br>with an effective date of 1 January 2011;</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1852551, "type": "text", "content": "# Execution of the HAP Contract [24 CFR 983.204]\n\n\n \n\nThe PHA may not enter into a HAP contract until each contract unit has been\ninspected and the \nPHA has determined that the unit complies with the Housing Quality Standards\n(HQS), unless \nthe PHA has adopted a policy to enter into a HAP contract for units that fail\nthe initial HQS \ninspection as a result of only non-life-threatening conditions. For existing\nhousing, the HAP \ncontract must be executed promptly after the PHA selects the owner proposal\nand inspects the \nhousing units. For newly constructed or rehabilitated housing the HAP contract\nmust be executed \nafter the PHA has inspected the completed units and has determined that the\nunits have been \ncompleted in accordance with the agreement to enter into HAP, and the owner\nfurnishes all \nrequired evidence of completion.\n\n\n \n\n# PHA Policy\n\n\n \n\nFor existing housing, the HAP contract will be executed within 14 business\ndays of the \nPHA determining that all units pass HQS.\n\n\n \n\nFor rehabilitated or newly constructed housing, the HAP contract will be\nexecuted within \n14 business days of the PHA determining that the units have been completed in \naccordance with the agreement to enter into HAP, all units meet HQS, and the\nowner has \nsubmitted all required evidence of completion.\n\n\n \n\nTerm of HAP Contract [24 CFR 983.205, FR Notice 1/18/17, and Notice PIH\n2017-21]\n\n\n \n\nThe PHA may enter into a HAP contract with an owner for an initial term of no\nless than one \nyear and no more than 20 years for each contract unit. The length of the term\nof the HAP \ncontract for any contract unit may not be less than one year, nor more than 20\nyears. In the case \nof PHA-owned units, the term of the HAP contract must be agreed upon by the\nPHA and the \nindependent entity approved by HUD [24 CFR 983.59(b)(2)].\n\n\n \n\n# PHA Policy\n\n\n \n\nThe term of all PBV HAP contracts will be negotiated with the owner on a case-\nby-case \nbasis.\n\n\n \n\nAt the time of the initial HAP contract term or any time before expiration of\nthe HAP contract, \nthe PHA may extend the term of the contract for an additional term of up to 20\nyears if the PHA \ndetermines an extension is appropriate to continue providing affordable\nhousing for low-income \nfamilies. A HAP contract extension may not exceed 20 years. A PHA may provide\nfor multiple \nextensions; however, in no circumstances may such extensions exceed 20 years,\ncumulatively. \nExtensions after the initial extension are allowed at the end of any extension\nterm, provided that \nnot more than 24 months prior to the expiration of the previous extension\ncontract the PHA \nagrees to extend the term, and that such extension is appropriate to continue\nproviding affordable \nhousing for low-income families or to expand housing opportunities. Extensions\nafter the initial \nextension term shall not begin prior to the expiration date of the previous\nextension term. \nSubsequent extensions are subject to the same limitations. All extensions must\nbe on the form \nand subject to the conditions prescribed by HUD at the time of the extension.\nIn the case of \nPHA-owned units, any extension of the term of the HAP contract must be agreed\nupon by the \nPHA and the independent entity approved by HUD [24 CFR 983.59(b)(2)].\n\n\n# Page 17-30\n\n\n \n\u00a9 Copyright 2019 Nan McKay & Associates \nUnlimited copies may be made for internal use\n\n\n \nAdmin Plan 6/1/19\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 220779, "type": "text", "content": "Post-Doctoral Position Available at University of California, San Diego and\nPurdue University\n\n\n \n\nT he position, based in San Diego, is to be filled as soon as possible with a\ncontract period of 2 years, with the option of \nextension.\n\n\nT he Automatic Implementation of Secure Silicon (AISS) program\n(https://www.darpa.mil/program/automatic- \nimplementation-of-secure-silicon), funded by the Defense Advanced Research\nProjects Agency (DARPA), aims to ease \nthe burden of designing secure chips. To achieve this goal, one research\nthrust of the program focuses on automatic \ngeneration, integration and optimization of System-on-Chips (SoCs). UC San\nDiego and Purdue University, part of a \nteam led by Synopsys, Inc. which also includes ARM, Inc., are researching\nautomatic design of domain-specific SoCs \nwith a focus on machine learning as the application domain.\n\n\nT he post-doctoral position will work with Professor Sujit Dey at UCSD and\nProfessor Anand Raghunathan at Purdue \nUniversity, leading a team of graduate students working on developing\nmethodologies and tools for fast and scalable \nMulti-Objective (PASS: Power-Area-Speed-Security) Estimation and Optimization,\nenabling fast and automated \nmapping of neural network applications to PASS-optimized hardware-software\narchitectures. The position will also \ncoordinate with sponsors, coordinate the deliverables including reports,\npresentations and software code. Salary will be \ncommensurate with experience.\n\n\n# M inimum Qualifications\n\n\n \n\n# \u2022 PhD in CS/CSE/ECE\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Solid background in hardware-software design for embedded systems and ASICs,\nand/or system-level EDA \n\u2022 Solid understanding of machine learning and neural networks \n\u2022 Strong research capabilities, demonstrated through a track record of\npublications in competitive journals or \nconferences \n\u2022 Highly self-motivated and committed, with flexibility as well as the ability\nto work in and contribute to a team.\n\n\n# O ptional Qualifications\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Experience in implementing neural networks in hardware-software\narchitectures \n\u2022 Experience with machine learning frameworks like TensorFlow and Pytorch \n\u2022 Experience with large scale software development\n\n\nQ ualified candidates are requested to submit their application including:\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 CV, \n\u2022 Brief statement describing your research experience and interests, \n\u2022 Official transcript of coursework and grades\n\n\nb y email as a single PDF document using reference in Subject: Post Doc-AISS-\nUCSD-Purdue, to Theresa \nLachman tlachman@eng.ucsd.edu.\n\n\n# C ampus Information\n\n\n \n\nThe University of California, San Diego is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative\nAction Employer advancing inclusive \nexcellence. All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment\nwithout regard to race, color, religion, sex, \nsexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, disability, age, covered\nveteran status, or other protected categories \ncovered by the UC nondiscrimination policy.\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3527154, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='0' style='font-size:20px'>\u201c move towards more stable,<br>open-ended contracts as<br>the norm \u201d</h1>\n<p id='1' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>We need to recognise that taking steps to improve our research culture and environment will<br>have cost implications for all actors and may require trade-offs in terms of what we fund in<br>future. It is important that we are able to discuss these issues and offer ideas as a starting point<br>for conversations between funders and universities, recognising that a one-size-fits all approach<br>will not work across the diverse landscape of institutions and funders.</p>\n<h1 id='2' style='font-size:16px'>Lengthening research funding periods</h1>\n<p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Some funders are already moving towards longer funding periods as the norm23 and there may<br>be benefits from doing this more extensively across the UK funding landscape. Moving to a<br>three-to-five-year (or even five-to-seven-year) norm would potentially give researchers more<br>space to focus on their research, rather than on applying for new grants, and would reduce the<br>pressure to return results that may be sub-optimal in a relatively tight timescale. For some<br>researchers, the prospect of longer grants could also give them the space to build more ambitious<br>proposals, with a potential for greater impact.</p>\n<p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>However, we need to recognise there would be trade-offs in doing this within the context of fixed<br>budgets: if funders lengthen grants, they may not be able to fund as many. This needs to be<br>weighed against the way that shorter grants and posts can act as a useful stepping stone for<br>some postdoctoral researchers and other staff looking to build a portfolio of experience. Fewer,<br>longer awards might also have unintended EDI consequences. Further discussion with UKRI and<br>other research funders would be useful to understand the full implications of this scenario.</p>\n<p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>To provide accountability for longer grants, funders could consider greater use of a two-stage<br>funding system, involving a lighter touch review process partway through a project to ensure<br>these are fulfilling expectations, before confirming further funding. For example, UKRI Future<br>Leaders Fellowships provide funding for four years, with the option to extend for a further three<br>years \u201cto support long-term focus on a particular area of research or innovation and continued<br>career development\u201d.24</p>\n<h1 id='6' style='font-size:16px'>Moving towards longer employment contracts</h1>\n<p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>We recognise that universities need to play their part here too, by as far as possible reducing the<br>use of academic contracts that last one year or less and providing an explanation where these<br>short contracts are used, for example for those on bridging funds. Where possible, universities<br>should look to ensure all those in academic posts supported primarily by institutional funding,<br>rather than external funding, are employed on open-ended contracts. In the longer term, it is<br>important that universities explore how to move towards more stable, open-ended contracts as<br>the norm, including for those predominantly funded by external grant sources.</p>\n<p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>In 2019, King\u2019s College London changed policies around the use of short and fixed-term contracts<br>for academic staff, which has helped provide additional career stability and reduced university<br>bureaucracy. All non-externally funded staff on fixed-term contracts who had been employed at<br>King\u2019s for longer than four years continuously were offered the opportunity to transfer to an<br>open-ended, permanent contract. The use of fixed-term contracts of 12 months has also been<br>reduced significantly, with a new presumption that fixed-term education-focused or internally<br>funded research appointments should be for a minimum of two years.</p>\n<p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>As part of wider efforts to promote research career stability and progression, the University of<br>Manchester has also introduced automatic transition onto an open-ended contract after four<br>years\u2019 continuous service.</p>\n<footer id='10' style='font-size:14px'>Realising Our Potential: Backing Talent and Strengthening UK Research Culture and Environment 9</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2106540, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='44' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>B id submission indicates contractor agrees and will abide by all the confidentiality and security requirements of this contract.</p>\n<p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>O PTION TO EXTEND THE TERM OF THE CONTRACT: The Government has the option to extend the term of this<br>contract for a period of 12 months by written notice to the contractor not later than 30 days before the contract expires. If<br>the Government exercises this option, the extended contract shall be considered to include this clause, except, the total<br>duration of the contract may not exceed five (5) years as a result of, and including, any extension(s) added under this clause.<br>Further extension may be negotiated under the \u201cEXTENSION OF CONTRACT TERM\u201d clause. See also \u201cECONOMIC<br>PRICE ADJUSTMENT\u201d for authorized pricing adjustment(s).</p>\n<p id='46' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>E XTENSION OF CONTRACT TERM: At the request of the Government, the term of any contract resulting from this<br>solicitation may be extended for such period of time as may be mutually agreeable to the GPO and the contractor.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Considering the contract duration and the possibility of extension, how many years might the position last if it is extended once?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 347, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["temporal reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 196118, "type": "text", "content": "The majority of training events were provided for beginning level\npractitioners. Stakeholders suggest \nthat this may reflect the fact that beginning level trainings are free,\nperhaps promoting greater take-up, \nand that staff turnover is common within the ECE field, creating ongoing\ndemand for beginning level \ntraining as new providers enter the workforce. They noted challenges in\nconnecting providers to the \nright level of training in the existing training structure.\n\n\nIndividuals participate in multiple training events per year. The total number\nof unduplicated individuals \nparticipating in approved training events in 2018 was 1,182. The duplicated\ncount of training \nparticipation across approved events was 28,174, suggesting that many\nindividuals participate in \nmultiple training events per year. In 2018, 513 individuals participated in\nindividual request or college \ncredit training events. Collectively, training participants spent 109,708\nhours in approved events, and \n16,180 in individual request training events.\n\n\nSeveral providers found training to be inflexible and demanding. Multiple\nproviders perceived trainings \nto be too one-size-fits-all, and not sufficiently adaptable. For example,\nproviders suggested that staff in \npreschools should not be required to take shaken baby syndrome training since\nthey do not work with \ninfants or toddlers\n\n\n \n\nRECOMMENDATION: Target training requirements and increase connection between\ntraining \noptions and staff education background. Stakeholders recommended targeting\ncertain licensing \ntraining requirements for lead teachers or key staff, rather than every staff\nmember of a facility, and \nencouraged more varied training options that respond to staff education\nbackground.\n\n\nKEY FINDING: Lack of alignment of training requirements across programs\ncreates \nduplication.\n\n\nProviders appreciated the movement to standardize or validate educational \nproviders and recommended greater alignment across programs. Providers \nprofessional development effort, including the practitioner registry, P-3, \nscholarships, and the STARS to Quality system had \nincreased the skill level of providers. Stakeholders across \nthe state also expressed the need to further align training \nrequirements across programs. They noted lack of \nefficiency, duplication, and confusion in training \nrequirements across the ECP Career Path, the STARS to \nQuality system, Head Start programs, and MPDG and \nSTARS Preschool initiatives.\n\n\n \n\nHead Start and Early Head Start described challenges \nstemming from lack of alignment and reciprocity between \nSTARS to Quality training requirements and Head Start \nstandards. Head Start staff and state program \nadministrators noted lack of alignment between Head \nStart and STARS to Quality required trainings and sought a \nmore streamlined system of shared training or reciprocal \ntraining recognition. The state has developed a crosswalk to compare\n\n\n \n\nbackgrounds for ECE\n\n\n \n\nfelt that the multi-pronged\n\n\n \n\nand other education\n\n\n# 2018 Training by the numbers\n\n\n1,163 approved training events held\n\n\n \n\n6,013 training hours provided\n\n\n \n\n1,182 unduplicated training \nparpcipants\n\n\n \n\n28,174 duplicated training parpcipants\n\n\n \n\n109,708 cumulapve parpcipant hours \nin training\n\n\ntraining between Head Start,\n\n\n74\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2917697, "type": "text", "content": "\u2022 Eighty-three staff members completed the virtual 21-Day Equity Challenge as\npart of the City\u2019s \nFall Wellness Challenge. \n\u2022 All City staff from Planning, Human Rights, Police, Housing, and the City\nManager\u2019s office \ncompleted a workshop that included a \npresentation on implicit bias, a presentation \non redlining, and an hour-long poverty \nsimulation activity. When reading something, I will \nremember implicit bias and read it \n\u2022 Five City staff completed foundational racial \nfrom a different lens to make change. \nequity training offered virtually through the \nGovernment Alliance on Race and Equity \nParticipant in City staff workshop \n(GARE), and a variety of staff attended or \nviewed GARE meetings and webinars on \nracial equity topics. \n\u2022 Staff in the City Manager\u2019s office completed virtual training and practice\non bias interruption \nand how to respond to residents using \u201ccode,\u201d rude phrases, tones, micro-\naggressions, or \novertly racist speech. \n\u2022 Library staff completed training on Trauma Informed Care and training on\nserving homeless\n\n\nWeekly staff meetings focus on team \nbuilding, normalizing discussions \naround identities, and actively \nintervening in situations where \ninequitable behavior is occurring.\n\n\n \n\npopulations.\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Budget and Finance Department staff created \nand implemented a training session on budgeting \nfor equity, while Human Rights staff hosted office \nhours on Fridays during the budget submission \nprocess to assist staff in answering the equity \nquestions associated with Capital and Operating \nimprovement packages.\n\n\n \n\nHousing & Community Development \nDepartment\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Human Rights staff presented \u201cCulture \nCreator\u201d segments on a variety of racial equity \ntopics as part of weekly all-employee calls.\n\n\n# STAFF SKILLS AND TOOLS\n\n\n \n\nIn order for staff to be proficient in applying a racial equity lens to their\nwork, they need to have the \nskills and tools to do this well, along with the support of other internal\nfacing departments. For \nexample:\n\n\n\u2022 Are staff members building equitable and inclusive relationships with\ncommunities of color so that they \nmay engage in effective ways? \n\u2022 Do staff members have the tools to actively analyze data disaggregated by\nrace to determine who is \nand is not benefitting from current ways of operating? \n\u2022 Are staff members able to recognize biases inherent in commonly accepted\nnarratives and expand the \nnarrative to include additional ways of seeing the world?\n\n\n8\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2917731, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='72' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 Eighty-three staff members completed the virtual 21-Day Equity Challenge as part of the City\u2019s<br>Fall Wellness Challenge.<br>\u2022 All City staff from Planning, Human Rights, Police, Housing, and the City Manager\u2019s office<br>completed a workshop that included a<br>presentation on implicit bias, a presentation<br>on redlining, and an hour-long poverty<br>simulation activity. When reading something, I will<br>remember implicit bias and read it<br>\u2022 Five City staff completed foundational racial<br>from a different lens to make change.<br>equity training offered virtually through the<br>Government Alliance on Race and Equity<br>Participant in City staff workshop<br>(GARE), and a variety of staff attended or<br>viewed GARE meetings and webinars on<br>racial equity topics.<br>\u2022 Staff in the City Manager\u2019s office completed virtual training and practice on bias interruption<br>and how to respond to residents using \u201ccode,\u201d rude phrases, tones, micro-aggressions, or<br>overtly racist speech.<br>\u2022 Library staff completed training on Trauma Informed Care and training on serving homeless</p>\n<p id='73' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Weekly staff meetings focus on team<br>building, normalizing discussions<br>around identities, and actively<br>intervening in situations where<br>inequitable behavior is occurring.</p>\n<br><p id='74' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>populations.</p>\n<br><p id='75' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 Budget and Finance Department staff created<br>and implemented a training session on budgeting<br>for equity, while Human Rights staff hosted office<br>hours on Fridays during the budget submission<br>process to assist staff in answering the equity<br>questions associated with Capital and Operating<br>improvement packages.</p>\n<br><p id='76' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Housing & Community Development<br>Department</p>\n<br><p id='77' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 Human Rights staff presented \u201cCulture<br>Creator\u201d segments on a variety of racial equity<br>topics as part of weekly all-employee calls.</p>\n<h1 id='78' style='font-size:20px'>STAFF SKILLS AND TOOLS</h1>\n<br><p id='79' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>In order for staff to be proficient in applying a racial equity lens to their work, they need to have the<br>skills and tools to do this well, along with the support of other internal facing departments. For<br>example:</p>\n<p id='80' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>\u2022 Are staff members building equitable and inclusive relationships with communities of color so that they<br>may engage in effective ways?<br>\u2022 Do staff members have the tools to actively analyze data disaggregated by race to determine who is<br>and is not benefitting from current ways of operating?<br>\u2022 Are staff members able to recognize biases inherent in commonly accepted narratives and expand the<br>narrative to include additional ways of seeing the world?</p>\n<footer id='81' style='font-size:20px'>8</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 224680, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='83' style='font-size:16px'>ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES</header>\n<h1 id='84' style='font-size:20px'>Human Resources</h1>\n<p id='85' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>During 2015, the Human Resources Division provided<br>services to approximately 505 employees. Th is total was<br>made up of 245 merit employees and 260 non-merit<br>staff . MCHD hired 80 and promoted 36. A total of 93<br>employees separated from the organization during the<br>year, including 9 retirements. A total of 558 W-2\u2019s were<br>processed in 2015.</p>\n<h1 id='86' style='font-size:20px'>Insurance and Employee Benefi ts</h1>\n<p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>In 2015, the department initiated a program that elimi-<br>nated co-pays when purchasing generic drugs. Other<br>changes included Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Alabama<br>adding breast pumps, while Nationwide moved to one<br>platform.</p>\n<h1 id='88' style='font-size:20px'>Medical Staff Coordination</h1>\n<p id='89' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>During 2015, the Medical Staff Coordinator (MSC) as-<br>sisted the Governing Council and Dr. Eichold in cre-<br>dentialing and privileging 28 providers. Th e MSC func-<br>tioned as the Employee Health Nurse and participated in<br>new employee orientation, organized the annual TB skin<br>tests for the staff and audited the employee health fi les.<br>Th e MSC scheduled 18 new medical employees clinical<br>orientations. Th e MSC also functioned as the Area 11<br>ADPH Nursing Director and attended bimonthly meet-<br>ings in Montgomery, Alabama. Th e MSC developed a<br>new standard college contract for use with our contracts<br>and affi liation agreements and placed 116 students with<br>preceptors. Th e MSC organized, supervised and sched-<br>uled Summer Scrubs. Th e MSC organized the quarterly<br>Nurses and Medical Assistants meetings which took place<br>in January, April, June and December, and also the an-<br>nual skills and equipment assessment for the nurses and<br>medical assistants. Th e MSC completed clinical site<br>checks and mock medical competency drills quarterly at<br>each clinic. Th e MSC recertifi ed 89 employees in 14 CPR<br>classes. Th e MSC represented the health department as a<br>nurse liaison at Remington College, University of Mo-<br>bile, Fortis College, Virginia College, Bishop State Com-<br>munity College, the University of South Alabama and the<br>Chamber of Commerce Healthcare Occupations Career<br>Fair. Th e MSC served as a mentor to the medical assistant<br>students at Remington College. Th e MSC attended the</p>\n<br><p id='90' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>FHCS staff , Primary Care Medical Home, Performance<br>Improvement Leadership Committee (PILC), Safety<br>Committee, Administrative Services Staff , and Manage-<br>ment Council meetings, and was a member of the An-<br>ticoagulation Team, Joint Commission Readiness Team,<br>Health Literacy Team, New Supervisor Training Team<br>and Flu Team. Th e MSC participated in the Joint Com-<br>mission audit and attended the annual Alabama Public<br>Health Association Meeting. Th e MSC revised and re-<br>viewed numerous policies and attachments and created<br>the Oxygen Standing Order. Th e MSC revised the Emer-<br>gency Response Code Team and the Nursing Organiza-<br>tional Chart.</p>\n<h1 id='91' style='font-size:20px'>Staff Development and Training</h1>\n<p id='92' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Th e Staff Development and Training Department pro-<br>vides ongoing training consultation, scheduling, cur-<br>riculum development, survey management, and training<br>records maintenance for all departments. Staff Develop-<br>ment and Training also expanded its staff to accommo-<br>date training initiatives within the agency. Th ese included<br>updating orientation for 80 new employees and 130 non-<br>employee students and interns. Other training initiatives<br>involved restructuring online poster training for all em-<br>ployees, off ering customer service and supervisor training<br>to nine new supervisors, and stress management training<br>for all staff at biannual agency wide meetings.</p>\n<p id='93' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Approximately 222 employees participated in safety<br>training (143 in defensive driving, 15 in dental radiation<br>safety, and 64 in safety coordinator training), 401 em-<br>ployees participated in infection control training (blood-<br>borne pathogens training for 51 custodial workers and<br>350 clinical staff & new employees). Th e department also<br>developed 19 surveys for training, scheduling, and infor-<br>mational purposes.</p>\n<footer id='94' style='font-size:14px'>MCHD 2015 ANNUAL REPORT\uf020\uf06e\uf020MCHD.ORG\uf020\uf06e\uf020FAMILYHEALTHALABAMA.ORG</footer>\n<br><footer id='95' style='font-size:22px'>6</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 125855, "type": "text", "content": "D I S A S T E R P L A N N I N G F O R N O N P R O F I T S\n\n\n \n4 . T O O L S & R E S O U R C E S\n\n\n# Communications Checklist\n\n\n \n\nThere are four response disaster response phases to plan communication around.\nEach disaster is \nunique and must be handled in its own way.\n\n\n \n\n# Internal communication\n\n\n \n\nClear communication to staff and volunteer is critical to your plan. You want\nto make sure your \npeople know what is going on, how it impacts your ability to carry out your\nmission, and what they \nshould do in the immediate and short term.\n\n\n \n\n# Some actions to take:\n\n\n \n\n\u00a8 Decision-making: Determine who makes decision for each phase of a disaster. \n\u00a8 Communication system (phone tree or equivalent). Have an alternate method\nready should the \nphones not be working. \n\u00a8 Staff check-in/notification system. Have a system to stay in touch past the\noriginal message. \n\u00a8 Client notification system. Have a system to reach clients collectively or\nindividually, depending \non the work of your organization. \n\u00a8 Safety signage. Print key signs in advance, such as evacuation routes,\nmeeting sites, or supply \nlocations.\n\n\n \n\n# External communication\n\n\n \n\nPeople outside your organization also need to know what is going on. You may\nhave clients who rely \non you or community partners wanting to help. Having a communication system\nfor people outside \nyour organization will help you respond when time is short.\n\n\n \n\n# Some actions to take:\n\n\n \n\n\u00a8 Incident Command System chain of command (see below). Document your chain of\ncommand. \nThis is a tool to share with key partners. \n\u00a8 Short email message. Be ready to drop an email, which means access to your\nemail system, an \nemail list, and maybe a templated email to which you can add specifics. \n\u00a8 Website and/or Facebook and/or Twitter message. Be ready to post a message\non your website \nor social media page, which means access to your website and social media\npages and a \ntemplated message ready to drop in. \n\u00a8 Phone tree to key partners or community resources. Create a communication\nsystem so you \ncan align services and manage community assets. \n\u00a8 Public relations (media). Have a PR plan to engage the media. Draft key\ntalking points. \n\u00a8 Consider whether you need specific communications tools or supplies:\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Bulletin board/white board \n\u2022 Cell phones (for the organization) \n\u2022 Drums or something to bang \n\u2022 Ham radios \n\u2022 Megaphones/bullhorns \n\u2022 Walkie-talkies \n\u2022 Whistles\n\n\n26\n\n\n \n\u00a92021 Nancy Bacon & Margaret Meps Schulte. All rights reserved.\nnpip.safenonprofits.com\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2561994, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='87' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Breakout Session for Peer Review Committee Members</h1>\n<br><p id='88' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>o fulfills training requirements for CPAs on Staff; optional training for RAB<br>members.</p>\n<footer id='89' style='font-size:18px'>8</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2329571, "type": "text", "content": "# TRAINING RESOURCES \nStrategic Planning\n\n\n# Steps in Planning\n\n\n7\\. Develop staffing plan (Executive Director) \n8\\. Develop three-to-five year financial projections (Executive Director,\nconsultant, \nTreasurer) \n9\\. Create first draft of plan for review by Planning Committee (Executive\nDirector) \n10\\. Plan review by relevant Board committees (staff, committee chairs) \n11\\. Second draft of plan (Executive Director) \n12\\. Plan to Board for approval (Chair)\n\n\n\uf6d9 2014 Solid Ground Consulting\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 125854, "type": "text", "content": "D I S A S T E R P L A N N I N G F O R N O N P R O F I T S\n\n\n \n4 . T O O L S & R E S O U R C E S\n\n\n# Team Action Checklist\n\n\n \n\nYour people matter. Preparing for a disaster is a team effort. Here are some\nsteps for your team to get \nready. Make sure you share this information with your team.\n\n\n \n\n# 1\\. Document your team\n\n\n \n\nDisasters force us to need specific information about the people on our team.\nWe may need to know \nan emergency contact to get them help, or maybe their exact home address to\nknow how a weather \nevent has impacted them.\n\n\n \n\n# Actions:\n\n\n \n\n\u00a8 Update your database with staff information on a regular basis. Make sure\nyou will have offsite \naccess to your database (or a back-up) in case of evacuation. \n\u00a8 Record information for other key members of your team: board, volunteers,\npartners, etc. \n\u00a8 Use the Continuity of Operations process (described later in this Guide) to\ntrack information \nabout your staff related to disasters.\n\n\n \n\n# 2\\. Prepare your team\n\n\n \n\nA team doesn\u2019t naturally know what to do in the case of a disaster. With luck,\ndisasters happen rarely \nenough that we haven\u2019t had regular real-life practice in what to do. Often the\nmake or break of \ndisaster preparedness is how well plans have been developed, discussed, and\npracticed.\n\n\n \n\n# Actions:\n\n\n \n\n\u00a8 Decide on a chain of command should your leader not be available \n\u00a8 Set clear roles for each staff member in the case of a disaster \n\u00a8 Provide training in disaster-response topics (CPR, first aid, gas shut-off,\netc.) \n\u00a8 Include disaster planning in meeting agendas, at least annually. Share this\ntool with staff! \n\u00a8 Introduce disaster planning in new staff orientations\n\n\n \n\n# 3\\. Align your team\n\n\n \n\nCross-training can help get us all on the same page. It means there are fewer\nopportunities for \nimportant actions and/or things to fall between the cracks. Conduct cross-\ntraining in advance of a \ndisaster so you have a common practice from which to work.\n\n\n \n\n# Actions:\n\n\n \n\n\u00a8 Provide a tour of your office/workplace to cross-train people on where\nthings are. \n\u00a8 Create plan for shared resources, such us client files/records, critical\ndocuments. \n\u00a8 Agree on methods for transferring work offsite, such us back-ups, cloud\naccess, and \nflashdrives. \n\u00a8 Make a financial plan. Disasters can cost extra funds, so you may be ready\nwith cash, a credit \ncard, and a general plan on the limits of what you can spend. \n\u00a8 Consider if any cross-training of board members is needed, such as between\nelected officers.\n\n\n25\n\n\n \n\u00a92021 Nancy Bacon & Margaret Meps Schulte. All rights reserved.\nnpip.safenonprofits.com\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3607133, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='93' style='font-size:20px'>HUMAN RESOURCES RESOURCES<br>HUMAN</h1>\n<h1 id='94' style='font-size:16px'>T he HR Team Team<br>HR<br>T<br>he</h1>\n<br><p id='95' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>supports management management<br>Since September 2019, Fair Wear has a separate HR team which advises and supports<br>Wear<br>HR<br>team<br>and<br>Fair<br>a<br>2019,<br>has<br>which<br>advises<br>separate<br>Since<br>September<br>Besides the more regular HR tasks like personnel administration, recruitment and and<br>tasks<br>HR issues. Besides<br>more<br>on HR<br>HR<br>on<br>administration,<br>regular<br>the<br>personnel<br>recruitment<br>like<br>issues.<br>organizes trainings and coaching sessions and plays an important role in in<br>role<br>HR team organizes<br>onboarding, the HR<br>plays<br>trainings<br>important<br>team<br>sessions<br>the<br>and<br>onboarding,<br>coaching<br>and<br>an<br>internal communication. They also act as advisor and mediator where needed. In 2020 the team team<br>needed.<br>2020<br>and<br>where<br>advisor<br>internal<br>mediator<br>They<br>the<br>communication.<br>also<br>act<br>as<br>In<br>adapting to, and coping with, working from home. Weekly Weekly<br>role in helping staff members adapting<br>staff<br>in<br>home.<br>from<br>played a key role<br>working<br>helping<br>members<br>a<br>with,<br>coping<br>played<br>to,<br>key<br>and<br>staff meetings are organised and check-ins with individual staff members are held regularly. The staff staff<br>staff<br>are<br>are<br>held<br>individual<br>regularly.<br>meetings<br>The<br>with<br>and<br>check-ins<br>organised<br>members<br>staff<br>and accomplish individual learning goals. goals.<br>learning<br>help staff determine and<br>are also used to help<br>check-ins are<br>to<br>accomplish<br>also<br>individual<br>determine<br>staff<br>check-ins<br>used</p>\n<p id='96' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>as in Germany. In In<br>T his report pertains to staff employed by Fair Wear in its Amsterdam office as well as<br>in<br>in<br>to<br>his<br>report<br>office<br>as<br>staff<br>T<br>Fair<br>its<br>Amsterdam<br>Wear<br>Germany.<br>pertains<br>employed<br>by<br>well<br>a consultancy basis, as the organisation has has<br>other countries on a<br>addition, we also work with experts in other<br>consultancy<br>in<br>the<br>experts<br>addition,<br>countries<br>work<br>organisation<br>with<br>as<br>also<br>basis,<br>on<br>we<br>are in in<br>and structures for the HR side of these relationships are<br>Separate channels and<br>HR<br>side<br>no local legal entities. Separate<br>structures<br>entities.<br>relationships<br>legal<br>the<br>no<br>local<br>of<br>these<br>channels<br>for<br>place depending on the setting and the nature of the relationship. relationship.<br>place<br>depending<br>and<br>of<br>the<br>nature<br>setting<br>the<br>on<br>the</p>\n<h1 id='97' style='font-size:16px'>H R Regulations and structures structures<br>Regulations<br>H<br>R<br>and</h1>\n<br><p id='98' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>In 2020, the HR Team created and updated nearly 20 policies and informative documents including including<br>created<br>and<br>HR<br>Team<br>informative<br>nearly<br>20<br>2020,<br>documents<br>In<br>policies<br>the<br>updated<br>and<br>sick leave policy, new recruitment procedures and several Covid related guidelines. In the first first<br>related<br>sick<br>In<br>Covid<br>leave<br>procedures<br>the<br>several<br>and<br>recruitment<br>new<br>policy,<br>guidelines.<br>HR Team presented the results of an evaluation of the self-steering or self- self-<br>of<br>quarter of the year, the HR<br>an<br>of<br>or<br>the<br>quarter<br>year,<br>evaluation<br>the<br>Team<br>self-steering<br>results<br>the<br>presented<br>of<br>the<br>organising team structure of the organisation. The HR Team started preparing quarterly reports in in<br>of<br>organising<br>preparing<br>HR<br>quarterly<br>team<br>structure<br>organisation.<br>the<br>Team<br>reports<br>started<br>The<br>the Management Team with a summary for the Worker Worker<br>Q3 of 2020, which are presented to the<br>presented<br>which<br>a<br>the<br>with<br>Q3<br>are<br>of<br>for<br>Management<br>Team<br>2020,<br>summary<br>to<br>Delegation. The Premium Pension insurance from Zwitserleven has been renewed for another five five<br>Pension<br>insurance<br>Zwitserleven<br>another<br>for<br>Delegation.<br>renewed<br>Premium<br>has<br>The<br>from<br>been<br>based on independent expert advice. advice.<br>expert<br>on<br>part based<br>independent<br>years, in part<br>years,<br>in</p>\n<h1 id='99' style='font-size:16px'>T raining and Education Education<br>and<br>raining<br>T</h1>\n<br><p id='100' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>personal budget budget<br>Fair Wear has two types of training budget: the Fair Wear educational budget, and a personal<br>of<br>a<br>two<br>the<br>Fair<br>Wear<br>Fair<br>training<br>and<br>has<br>budget:<br>types<br>budget,<br>Wear<br>educational<br>and MT are stimulating staff to make make<br>are<br>each staff member for personal development. HR and<br>set aside for each<br>personal<br>member<br>development.<br>to<br>staff<br>for<br>MT<br>stimulating<br>staff<br>aside<br>set<br>HR<br>for<br>better use of the facilities offered. This is gradually paying off: there is quite some interest in personal personal<br>facilities<br>in<br>use<br>is<br>offered.<br>some<br>of<br>is<br>paying<br>quite<br>This<br>there<br>gradually<br>better<br>interest<br>off:<br>the<br>also more practical courses like Dutch language skills or presentation techniques are are<br>but also<br>coaching but<br>techniques<br>presentation<br>or<br>Dutch<br>practical<br>language<br>like<br>courses<br>coaching<br>more<br>skills<br>chosen. chosen.</p>\n<p id='101' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>M onthly meetings with all staff and often include an (internal) training session. The onboarding onboarding<br>The<br>M<br>and<br>training<br>include<br>all<br>meetings<br>staff<br>session.<br>with<br>(internal)<br>onthly<br>often<br>an<br>are now also open for existing staff who like to know better what their their<br>for new staff are<br>open<br>to<br>staff<br>who<br>sessions for<br>what<br>know<br>sessions<br>also<br>now<br>like<br>new<br>existing<br>for<br>better<br>staff<br>on. In September, nine \u2018software speed (up)dates\u2019 were were<br>colleagues from the other teams are working on.<br>from<br>In<br>September,<br>(up)dates\u2019<br>teams<br>colleagues<br>nine<br>\u2018software<br>speed<br>the<br>other<br>are<br>working<br>was a series of three online workshops on structural structural<br>trainings was<br>three<br>workshops<br>of the most successful trainings<br>One of<br>of<br>series<br>organized. One<br>most<br>organized.<br>successful<br>a<br>online<br>the<br>on</p>\n<footer id='102' style='font-size:14px'>29 29</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3523948, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='84' style='font-size:14px'>P E O P L E</header>\n<p id='85' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>E M P L O Y E E T R A I N I N G<br>A N D E D U C A T I O N</p>\n<p id='86' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>As the number of Ecolean employees grows, the need for a well-<br>developed training offering increases. Ecolean Academy is a common<br>portal and platform that provides our employees around the<br>world with internal education and training, orientation courses and<br>e-learning on a range of topics.</p>\n<p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Ecolean Academy aims to:</p>\n<br><p id='88' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 Encourage and promote a culture of learning and<br>competence development<br>\u2022 Continuously identify training needs and fill knowledge gaps<br>\u2022 Offer technical skill and people skill training<br>\u2022 Offer internal and external training<br>\u2022 Provide classroom sessions and digital learning</p>\n<p id='89' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>In total, 3,445 individual training sessions were completed<br>during 2020 (including 65 courses, each completed by 53<br>employees on average).</p>\n<br><p id='90' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Due to the coronavirus pandemic, we had to put our<br>Ecolean employee orientation course on hold as it requires<br>face-to-face meetings. But in order to maintain opportunities<br>to develop and train our employees, we transformed some<br>classroom courses into digital courses. We also launched a<br>number of webinars, instead of having face-to-face sessions.</p>\n<br><p id='91' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>We produced a number of courses where experienced<br>employees who are experts in different areas shared their<br>knowledge and experience with other employees. In order to<br>equip our employees with the right knowledge when working<br>from home due to the coronavirus pandemic, we launched<br>courses about how to use digital collaboration tools and<br>digital meeting tools.</p>\n<br><p id='92' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>During the year, several mandatory e-learning courses<br>were completed by our employees, including:<br>\u2022 Whistleblowing Policy<br>\u2022 Code of Conduct<br>\u2022 Ecolean Sustainability objectives<br>\u2022 Ecolean Management System<br>\u2022 Information security</p>\n<br><figure><img id='93' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"During 2020, Ecolean Academy transformed some\nof the classroom courses into digital courses.\" data-coord=\"top-left:(814,0); bottom-right:(2468,911)\" /></figure>\n<p id='94' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Our technical service team worked continuously to<br>provide training to maintain and develop skills. Despite the<br>coronavirus pandemic, 18 technical training sessions covering<br>different topics were held, covering 1,608 hours in total, with<br>over 50 percent of the training being held remotely.</p>\n<br><p id='95' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>In addition to these internal training sessions, the service<br>engineering team also developed external training for<br>customers with a mix of remote and on-site training, where<br>the on-site training was held by local Ecolean technicians.<br>These external training sessions covered over 1,650 hours in<br>total and is an example on how our technical service team<br>works together with our customers to train the operators<br>and technicians of the filling line equipment.</p>\n<br><p id='96' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>In addition to these global training sessions, several<br>market offices provide various training adapted to identified<br>local needs and when new employees join the company.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	If a nonprofit has 8 staff members and each requires cross-training in three different areas (office tour, shared resources plan, work transfer methods), how many total cross-training sessions do they need?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 350, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["numerical reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 2684637, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='25' style='font-size:20px'>folio 18/2 September 2018</header>\n<p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>inquiry in diverse language teaching contexts. In<br>the next section, four members of MUSE share brief<br>vignettes from their research and teaching contexts<br>that highlight the important synergy between processes<br>of materials development and materials use.</p>\n<h1 id='27' style='font-size:20px'>MUSE International Vignettes</h1>\n<br><p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>In this section, we draw on the experiences of some<br>of our MUSE International group members. Marcus<br>Grandon, Siwon Lee, Corinne Mathieu, and Anne<br>Marie Guerrettaz present four brief vignettes from<br>their experiences in English as a foreign language<br>(EFL), Korean heritage language education, one-way<br>Spanish immersion, and French as a foreign language<br>education, respectively. The first vignette is drawn from<br>Marcus\u2019s experiences of teaching English in Japan, and<br>the latter three emerged from Siwon\u2019s, Corinne\u2019s, and<br>Anne Marie\u2019s research sites across the United States.<br>Salient themes related to materials development and<br>use that arise within and across these scenarios will be<br>explored in the analysis section.</p>\n<br><h1 id='29' style='font-size:16px'>Marcus: Montage Videos into the Classroom</h1>\n<br><p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>I (Marcus) became interested in the use of materials for<br>practical reasons. As an EFL teacher in Japanese higher<br>education, the majority of the courses that I teach<br>focus on oral communication skills. Typically, these<br>are compulsory courses with upwards of 30 learners,<br>and I am always looking for ways to maximize<br>student-talking time. As a videographer, I like to shoot<br>videos of my travels, and make short montage videos<br>accompanied by instrumental music. These have been<br>well-received by friends and media professionals.<br>What I really like about the videos is that people from<br>multiple countries can watch them together because no<br>language is used. However, I never considered them to<br>be language teaching materials.</p>\n<br><p id='31' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Then, one day in the final lesson of a semester, I<br>shared one of these videos with my students, which<br>they seemed to enjoy. Two years after showing that<br>video, I happened to meet one of those students while<br>out shopping. With enthusiasm, she then made several<br>comments about how the video had been a positive<br>and memorable part of her classroom experience.<br>That chance meeting got me thinking about how I<br>could design lessons around these videos to nurture<br>constructive pair-work experiences. So, I created and<br>pilot-tested lessons built around these videos. Although<br>different from traditional instructional methods in<br>Japan, I firmly believe that pair work has benefits for<br>language learners. In addition to a lively classroom<br>atmosphere, many pair-work activities offer practical<br>language use. Several colleagues became interested<br>in my video materials and before I knew it, I had<br>produced two local textbooks (Grandon, 2005, 2008)<br>that were being used at seven universities.</p>\n<br><p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>I really wanted to better understand how my video-<br>based materials functioned in class. Furthermore, I<br>wanted to learn how other types of videos were used.<br>As a result, I started to investigate how different kinds<br>of videos are used in classrooms. Imagine my surprise<br>when I discovered a lack of published research on<br>the actual use of materials. As a language teacher,<br>I just assumed that use of materials in classrooms<br>had been well-researched. How else could effective<br>materials be created if we did not know how they are<br>used? I started to look for others who are interested<br>in researching the use of materials. I continue to ask<br>questions about video-based lessons: How do learners<br>use video materials? How do teachers use videos? How<br>do different genres of video function in classrooms?</p>\n<br><h1 id='33' style='font-size:16px'>Siwon: Teacher and Student Interpretation<br>of Materials</h1>\n<br><p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>My (Siwon\u2019s) research context is a community-based<br>Korean heritage language (HL) school in the United<br>States, which is the focal site of my dissertation<br>research. The semester I began fieldwork, the school<br>decided to adopt secondary school Korean language<br>arts textbooks from South Korea, as it received<br>regular support from the Korean government. This<br>is not a unique case in that many community-based<br>HL programs are reported to suffer from a lack of<br>materials, and a prevailing practice has been to<br>adopt foreign language textbooks or language arts<br>textbooks from the home countries (Kagan & Dillon,<br>2008; Lee, 2002; Sohn, 1995). However, there is still<br>little empirical research on how these textbooks are<br>used in HL classrooms, which in turn should inform<br>the development of materials for HL learners. This<br>was the reason why I became interested in exploring<br>how teachers and students in the school interpreted<br>and utilized the Korean language arts textbooks that<br>suddenly became available to them with the support<br>from South Korea.</p>\n<p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>As I observed classroom interactions, I found that the<br>new textbooks engendered various interpretations and<br>responses from teachers and students in the classroom,<br>which led to interesting discussions and learning<br>opportunities. The teachers and students were clearly<br>aware of the fact that the textbook was written in the<br>South Korean context, and this awareness often led to<br>the discussion of \u2018we\u2019 and \u2018they\u2019\u2014that is, intercultural<br>differences between Korea and the United States and<br>between Korean Americans and Koreans. At the same<br>time, they empathized with the stories and characters<br>in the textbook drawing on their common identities<br>as \u2018Koreans,\u2019 \u2018students,\u2019 \u2018friends,\u2019 \u2018daughters\u2019 and \u2018sons\u2019.<br>Also, although the textbook was written in Korean,<br>the students and teachers often discussed the textbook<br>contents and vocabulary through translanguaging<br>practices and dramatizations, drawing on their own<br>communicative repertoires, which also led to further<br>language learning opportunities.</p>\n<footer id='36' style='font-size:14px'>39</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3038286, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>adoptions of instructional materials.These factors have the potential to delay or impair sales of our products, result in<br>our products becoming obsolete and/or cause us to incur additional product development costs.</p>\n<p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>A change from up-front payment by school districts for multi-year licenses could adversely affect our cash flow<br>and results of operation.</p>\n<p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>In keeping with the past practice of payment for printed materials, school districts typically pay up-front<br>when buying multi-year licenses. If school districts changed to spreading their payments to us over the term of the<br>licenses, our cash flow and results of operation could be adversely affected.</p>\n<p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Increased availability of free or relatively inexpensive products may reduce demand for or negatively impact the<br>pricing of our products.</p>\n<p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Free or relatively inexpensive educational products are becoming increasingly available, particularly in<br>digital formats and through the internet. For example, some governmental and regulatory agencies have increased<br>the amount of information they make publicly available at nominal cost or for free. In addition, in recent years there<br>have been initiatives by not-for-profit organizations such as the Gates Foundation and the Hewlett Foundation to<br>develop educational content that can be \u201copen sourced\u201d and made available to educational institutions for free or<br>nominal cost. There is also a possibility that federal or state governments will enact legislation or regulations that<br>mandate or favor the use by educational institutions of open sourced content and provide funding for same. The<br>increased availability of free or relatively inexpensive educational products may reduce demand for our products or<br>require us to reduce pricing, thereby impacting our sales revenue.</p>\n<p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Increased customer expectations for lower prices or free bundled products could reduce sales revenues.</p>\n<p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>As the market has shifted to digital products, customer expectations for lower priced products has increased<br>due to customer awareness of reductions in marginal production costs and the availability of free or low-cost digital<br>content and products. As a result, there has been pressure to sell digital versions of products at prices below their<br>print versions and an increase in the amount of products and materials given away as part of bundled packs.<br>Increased customer demand for lower prices or free bundled products could reduce our sales revenue.</p>\n<p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Malfunction or intentional hacking of our technological systems could adversely affect our operations or<br>business and cause financial loss and reputational damage.</p>\n<p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>We depend on complex technological systems to provide our products to our customers and to operate our<br>business. Malfunction or intentional hacking of these systems could adversely affect the performance or availability<br>of our products, result in loss of customer data, adversely affect our ability to conduct business, or result in theft of<br>our funds or proprietary information. The occurrence of such problems could result in liability, harm to our<br>reputation, loss of revenue, or financial loss.</p>\n<p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Failure to comply with privacy laws or adequately protect personal data could cause financial loss and<br>reputational damage.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1236998, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='204' style='font-size:20px'>2311</header>\n<br><p id='205' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>1</p>\n<br><p id='206' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>2</p>\n<br><p id='207' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>3</p>\n<br><p id='208' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>4</p>\n<br><p id='209' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>5</p>\n<br><p id='210' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>6</p>\n<br><p id='211' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>7</p>\n<br><p id='212' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>8</p>\n<br><p id='213' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>9</p>\n<br><p id='214' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>10</p>\n<br><p id='215' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>11</p>\n<br><p id='216' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>12</p>\n<br><p id='217' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>13</p>\n<br><p id='218' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>14</p>\n<br><p id='219' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>15</p>\n<br><p id='220' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>16</p>\n<br><p id='221' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>17</p>\n<br><p id='222' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>18</p>\n<br><p id='223' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>19</p>\n<br><p id='224' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>20</p>\n<br><p id='225' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>21</p>\n<br><p id='226' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>22</p>\n<br><p id='227' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>23</p>\n<br><p id='228' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>24</p>\n<br><p id='229' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>25</p>\n<br><p id='230' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>26</p>\n<p id='231' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>28</p>\n<br><p id='232' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>27</p>\n<p id='233' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>29</p>\n<br><p id='234' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>30</p>\n<br><p id='235' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>31</p>\n<br><p id='236' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>32</p>\n<br><p id='237' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>33</p>\n<br><p id='238' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>34</p>\n<br><p id='239' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>35</p>\n<br><p id='240' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>36</p>\n<br><p id='241' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>37</p>\n<br><p id='242' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>38</p>\n<br><p id='243' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>39</p>\n<br><p id='244' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>40</p>\n<br><p id='245' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>R</p>\n<br><p id='246' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Big Sandy Public Schools</p>\n<p id='247' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>INSTRUCTION</p>\n<p id='248' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Instructional Materials</p>\n<p id='249' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>41 Policy History:<br>42 Adopted on: 12/15/08<br>43 Reviewed on:<br>44 Revised on:</p>\n<br><p id='250' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The Board is legally responsible to approve and to provide the necessary instructional materials<br>used in the District. Textbooks and instructional materials should provide quality learning<br>experiences for students and:</p>\n<p id='251' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>\uf0b7 Enrich and support the curriculum;<br>\uf0b7 Stimulate growth in knowledge, literary appreciation, aesthetic value, and ethical<br>standards;<br>\uf0b7 Provide background information to enable students to make intelligent judgments;<br>\uf0b7 Present opposing sides of controversial issues;<br>\uf0b7 Be representative of the many religious, ethnic, and cultural groups and their<br>contributions to our American heritage;<br>\uf0b7 Depict in an accurate and unbiased way the cultural diversity and pluralistic nature of<br>American society.</p>\n<p id='252' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Basic instructional course material in the fundamental skill areas of language arts, mathematics,<br>science, and social studies should be reviewed at intervals not exceeding five (5) years. All<br>instructional materials must be sequential and must be compatible with previous and future<br>offerings.</p>\n<table id='253' style='font-size:20px'><tr><td>Cross Reference:</td><td colspan=\"2\">2314 Learning Materials Review</td></tr><tr><td>Legal Reference:</td><td>\u00a7 20-4-402, MCA</td><td>Duties of district superintendent or county high school principal</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>\u00a7 20-7-601, MCA</td><td>Free textbook provisions</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>\u00a7 20-7-602, MCA</td><td>Textbook selection and adoption</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='254' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Instructional materials may be made available for loan to students when the best interest of the<br>District and student will be served by such a decision. Students will not be charged for normal<br>wear. They will be charged replacement cost, however, as well as for excessive wear,<br>unreasonable damage, or lost materials. The professional staff will maintain records necessary<br>for the proper accounting of all instructional materials.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1013522, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='86' style='font-size:22px'>AQA</h1>\n<header id='87' style='font-size:20px'>KS3</header>\n<br><h1 id='88' style='font-size:22px'>AQA<br>KEY STAGE 3</h1>\n<br><p id='89' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>\u201cWe were attracted by the excellent presentation of the \u201cBig<br>Ideas\u201d, the plethora of worked examples and enquiry tasks, and<br>most especially by the varied activities that provide our students<br>with opportunities to apply and extend their understanding.\u201d</p>\n<br><p id='90' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>\uf0fc Student Books<br>\uf0fc eTextbooks<br>\uf0fc \u2018Know & Apply\u2019 and \u2018Extend\u2019<br>Practice Books<br>\uf0fc Teaching & Learning Resources<br>\uf0fc FREE Baseline Assessment Tests</p>\n<h1 id='91' style='font-size:18px'>Follow a Mastery approach to<br>teaching KS3 Science</h1>\n<h1 id='92' style='font-size:20px'>Try free for 30 days</h1>\n<br><p id='93' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>We know how important it is for you to try<br>your resources before you buy. Request<br>an eInspection Copy or sign up for a free<br>trial of our digital resources at<br>hoddereducation.co.uk/ks3-science-aqa</p>\n<h1 id='94' style='font-size:20px'>Subscribe and save</h1>\n<h1 id='95' style='font-size:16px'>hoddereducation.co.uk/ks3-science-aqa</h1>\n<br><p id='96' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>When you order your Dynamic Learning<br>products together in a money-saving Package<br>\u2013 these include the Whiteboard eTextbooks,<br>Baseline Assessment Tests and Teaching &<br>Learning Resources. See the order form or<br>inside back cover for more details.</p>\n<p id='97' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>2 How to order: Fill in the order form</p>\n<br><h1 id='98' style='font-size:18px'>Wimbledon High School</h1>\n<h1 id='99' style='font-size:20px'>Student Books</h1>\n<br><p id='100' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>PRINT DIGITAL AQA APPROVED</p>\n<br><p id='101' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Neil Dixon, Carol Davenport, Nick Dixon, Ian Horsewell</p>\n<br><p id='102' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Help every student develop the maths, literacy and working scienti\ufb01 cally<br>skills they need to progress with skills-focused Student Books that<br>contain a variety of activities, questions and real world examples that are<br>tailored to the Big Ideas and mastery goals of the AQA KS3 Syllabus.</p>\n<br><figure><img id='103' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1422,386); bottom-right:(1590,595)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='104' style='font-size:16px'>\u00a317.99 each</h1>\n<br><p id='105' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Book 1 \| 9781471899928<br>Book 2 \| 9781471899980</p>\n<br><h1 id='106' style='font-size:14px'>Available in two eTextbook formats:</h1>\n<br><p id='107' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Student eTextbooks: 1-year: \u00a34.50 \| 2-year: \u00a37.20 \| 3-year: \u00a310.79<br>Whiteboard eTextbooks: 1-year subscription: Small school: \u00a350 \| Large school: \u00a375</p>\n<br><h1 id='108' style='font-size:20px'>\u2018Know & Apply\u2019 and \u2018Extend\u2019 Practice Books</h1>\n<br><h1 id='109' style='font-size:14px'>PRINT</h1>\n<br><p id='110' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Cliff Curtis, Deborah Lowe, Owen Mans\ufb01 eld, John Mynett</p>\n<br><p id='111' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Broaden knowledge and understanding with these \u2018Know & Apply\u2019 and<br>\u2018Extend\u2019 practice books that focus on stretch and challenge questions<br>and activities, as well as consolidating ideas and applying knowledge.</p>\n<br><h1 id='112' style='font-size:16px'>\u00a38.99 each</h1>\n<br><table id='113' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>\u2018Know & Apply\u2019 Book 1 \| 9781471899973</td><td>\u2018Extend\u2019 Book 1 \| 9781510402508</td></tr><tr><td>\u2018Know & Apply\u2019 Book 2 \| 9781510402485</td><td>\u2018Extend\u2019 Book 2 \| 9781510402515</td></tr></table>\n<p id='114' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The Whiteboard eTextbooks and Practice Books are not part of the approval process.<br>For more information on Student and Whiteboard eTextbooks, see the inside back cover.<br>Please note: All Dynamic Learning products are subject to VAT.<br>A small school is up to 900 students. A large school is 901+ students.</p>\n<footer id='115' style='font-size:16px'>education@bookpoint.co.uk 01235 827827 01235 400401</footer>\n<br><figure><img id='116' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1422,791); bottom-right:(1592,1030)\" /></figure>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 31236, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='12' style='font-size:20px'>Bookmark File PDF Sumbooks 2002 Answers Higher</h1>\n<h1 id='13' style='font-size:16px'>[Books] Sumbooks 2002 Answers Higher</h1>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Sumbooks 2002 Answers Higher yycdn truyenyy com- Sumbooks 2002<br>Answers Higher Sumbooks 2002 Answers Higher As recognized adventure<br>as with ease as experience nearly lesson amusement as skillfully as<br>covenant can be gotten by just checking out a ebook sumbooks 2002<br>answers higher after that it is not directly done you could believe<br>even more vis vis this life with reference to the world</p>\n<p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Sumbooks 2002 Answers Higher - wiki.ctsnet.org<br>Sumbooks 2002 Answers Higher Sumbooks 2002 Answers Higher. 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AC is the diameter of the circle. Write down the size of<br>angle ABC. * (b) Given that AB = 6cm and BC = 8cm, work out</p>\n<br><footer id='21' style='font-size:14px'>Page 2/4</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1903362, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='11' style='font-size:18px'>Ebooks Textbook Answers Free ebooks</header>\n<h1 id='12' style='font-size:14px'>heavy Unisa books. Find the best way to download textbooks for free Pdf.</h1>\n<p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Assignment Help Textbook Solutions Q&A solutions. Biology. We have a team of experts in different<br>disciplines of Biology like Microbiology, Zoology, Genetics, Biotechnology, Bioinformatics and<br>Earth Sciences. 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Find the best way to download textbooks for free Pdf.</p>\n<p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>15/7/2021 \u00b7 Current affairs, essay writing, general knowledge, gk, paragraph writing, letter writing,<br>acknowledgment, free online courses, online classes</p>\n<p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Assignment Help Textbook Solutions Q&A solutions. Biology. We have a team of experts in different<br>disciplines of Biology like Microbiology, Zoology, Genetics, Biotechnology, Bioinformatics and<br>Earth Sciences. Crazyforstudy's experts work incessantly 24/7 to solve all your queries, provide<br>textbook solutions manual and create your assignments.</p>\n<p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Free Engineering Books PDF. freepdfbook.com provides study materials (books, notes, mcq, etc ) that<br>will be helpful for Engineering students, professors, Authors. All the files you find on here is in PDF<br>Format. Ebooks found on this site will help engineering students during his/her courses study of<br>engineering.</p>\n<p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Class 10 English NCERT Solutions Chapter wise Free PDF Download. NCERT Solutions for Class<br>10 Communicative English. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Reader. Fiction.<br>Chapter 1 Two Gentlemen of Verona. Chapter 2 Mrs. Packletide\u2019s Tiger. 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See the back cover to \nfind out how to request your free trials in 3 easy steps.\n\n\n \n\n# Whiteboard eTextbooks\n\n\nOnline, interactive versions of the printed textbook that enable you to:\n\n\nDisplay interactive \npages to your class\n\n\n \n\nAdd notes and \nhighlight areas\n\n\n \n\nAdd double page \nspreads into lesson \nplans\n\n\n# Money-saving Dynamic Learning Packages\n\n\n \n\nSubscribe and save when you order our digital resources together \nin a money-saving Dynamic Learning Package. To see the available \nPackages, visit our website.\n\n\n# Learn more and request your free trials at\nwww.hoddereducation.co.uk/dynamiclearning\n\n\n# Also available: eBooks\n\n\n \n\nMany of our titles are also available as eBooks, which can be read on most\ndevices and are available from some or all of the following websites:\n\n\n2.indd\n\n\n \n\n2020\n\n\n \n\nlanguages\n\n\n \n\ncatalogue\n\n\n \n\nHodder\n\n\n \n\nHodder languages catalogue 2020 2.indd 23 23 27/02/2020 12:49 12:49\n\n\n \n\n27/02/2020\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2937691, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='37' style='font-size:14px'>12</header>\n<br><header id='38' style='font-size:14px'>I. Kuzborska / Journal of English for Academic Purposes xxx (2011) 1\u201315</header>\n<p id='39' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The analysis of the teachers\u2019 explanations to closely follow the textbook also revealed a number of burning issues. The<br>teachers\u2019 busy lives appeared to be a critical factor in their teaching practices. As Laura pointed out, \u201c[w]hen you don\u2019t<br>have time, so you do what is in the [commercial] textbook\u201d. Closely related with the lack of time was the teachers\u2019 low<br>university income. Vaiva frankly admitted that due to the low salary, the teachers had to take other jobs, and, for this<br>reason, the quality of teaching suffered. Moreover, a lack of familiarity with a textbook and a lack of subject knowledge<br>were among other factors which led to teachers slavishly following the textbook. Commenting on the commercial<br>textbook, Laura, for instance, asserted that if a text was familiar to her, she skipped some exercises; if topics were<br>comprehensible to her, she also deviated from the textbook; but if she lacked the subject knowledge, she would only<br>follow the textbook and would be happy she had some support. As Laura put it, \u201cthen it\u2019s only \u2018thanks God\u2019 that you have<br>something to do, that you have something to give them. Because then there is an ongoing process, whether it\u2019s inter-<br>esting or not, but then they are working\u201d.</p>\n<br><p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Thus, with regard to the use of the materials it seems that the emphasis was almost solely on getting through the book and<br>the students\u2019 needs were seldom taken into account.</p>\n<br><p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>To summarize, commercial and in-house textbooks were used to support students for work in their mainstream classes.<br>However, the teachers who used in-house materials complained that the textbooks were of poor quality, largely because they<br>felt they had been designed in a short amount of time and they were either too dif\ufb01cult or too easy for the students. The<br>selection of materials was mostly intuition-led, with little consideration of students\u2019 target needs and interests, and the<br>possibilities to cooperate with specialist teachers were little explored in the materials selection process. In addition, teachers<br>believed that the students should read modi\ufb01ed materials and guided by this belief shortened long texts, sentences, discarded<br>pictures, years, numbers, or surnames. The majority of teachers approved of the idea of content teaching and used topic units<br>in their classrooms. The topics, although related to students\u2019 specialities, were of a more general nature. However, two<br>teachers, Lina and Aiste, forcefully pointed out some drawbacks of taking an exclusively content-oriented approach to<br>teaching. Moreover, texts that teachers used for classroom study mainly served as the source of technical vocabulary that<br>students could learn from, because the acquisition of technical vocabulary was believed to reinforce students\u2019 understanding<br>of texts. There was little evidence of teachers\u2019 other stated purposes, such as to develop students\u2019 academic reading, writing,<br>or speaking skills, being focused on in class. Furthermore, despite the \ufb02exibility permitted by the Department, all the teachers<br>closely followed texts and exercises in the textbooks.</p>\n<br><p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The following section examines the implications of this research for enhancing current understandings of the process of<br>materials design in a Lithuanian context.</p>\n<h1 id='43' style='font-size:18px'>13. Discussion and implications</h1>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2937692, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='44' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>This study has uncovered important information about the reading materials design process at a Lithuanian university. The<br>fact that the teachers expressed concerns about the quality of in-house textbooks makes us wonder whether at least some of<br>the in-house materials production has done no more than needlessly reinvent the wheel and only increased their workload.<br>And yet attempting to create in-house materials which could best correspond to students\u2019 needs and interests is laudable: as<br>Hyland (2006, p. 96) states, \u201c[t]he highly targeted and context-speci\ufb01c nature of EAP means that no textbook can ever be ideal<br>for a particular class\u201d. Often written for global markets, textbooks may not incorporate a full range of literacy skills, tasks, and<br>strategy practice that are important for different students\u2019 needs. Moreover, textbooks, says Harwood (2004, p. 2), may not<br>re\ufb02ect \u201cthe enormous disciplinary variation in style and language which corpora reveal\u201d. Even worse, textbooks can mislead<br>both students and teachers about writing norms of various discourses, creating the impression that \u201cacademic discourse is far<br>more homogenous than is actually the case\u201d (Harwood, 2004, p. 3).</p>\n<br><p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>However, as Harwood (2010, p. 4) rightly points out, \u201cmaterials design should be studied and theorized\u201d to produce<br>effective and appropriate materials. That is, teachers\u2019 decisions for designing teaching materials should be guided by research<br>supported principles, and not by their subjective intuitions. Disappointingly, the majority of the teachers\u2019 statements in this<br>study did not express an understanding of theories of the design of reading materials for academic purposes. Instead, the<br>teachers\u2019 practices were largely guided by their intuitions and an array of contextual factors, such as (a) time, (b) \ufb01nance, (c)<br>the principal\u2019s requirements, (d) the lack of teachers\u2019 as well as students\u2019 content knowledge, (e) teachers\u2019 constant migration<br>to different faculties, (f) classes comprised of students from heterogeneous disciplines, and (g) the belief that teachers were<br>humanities teachers who had nothing in common with content specialists.</p>\n<br><p id='46' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Thus, taking into account the teachers\u2019 lack of training, time and expertise in the materials design process, a good textbook<br>providing clear instructional frameworks, teacher guidance and support could be a reasonable compromise in this context<br>and so save teachers time, enabling them to devote time to quality teaching rather than materials design. However, EAP<br>instruction at the University should be more than a curriculum that is driven by a textbook. As Grabe (2009, p. 341) contends,</p>\n<br><p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>content-based reading instruction.can certainly build upon a reading-textbook series, but that would most likely<br>mean not using all the textbook material and expanding parts of the series with a range of additional materials, tasks,<br>and instructional alternatives.</p>\n<br><p id='48' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>In other words, the teachers would have to use their textbooks \ufb02exibly, treating them \u201cas a resource that can be built upon\u201d<br>(Grabe, 2009, p. 340). In addition, the engagement in dialogue with subject specialists should also inform the reading<br>curriculum. While the lack of EAP teachers\u2019 subject knowledge was pointed out as one of the main obstacles in cooperation</p>\n<br><p id='49' data-category='footnote' style='font-size:18px'>Please cite this article in press as: Kuzborska, I., Teachers\u2019 decision-making processes when designing EAP reading materials in<br>a Lithuanian university setting, Journal of English for Academic Purposes (2011), doi:10.1016/j.jeap.2011.07.003</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Given the educational context, evaluate how the availability of free downloadable materials could impact the usage among KS4 students compared to traditional textbooks.	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 353, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 35978, "type": "html", "content": "<br><p id='49' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>\u2022 On-line computer recorded (continuous<br>when in operation) turbidity from each<br>filter. If the water system only has two<br>filters, the combined filter effluent can be<br>monitored but it is recommended that<br>each filter has individual monitoring.<br>\u2022 One filter backwash profile should be<br>done each month from each filter. This<br>is where the turbidity versus time is<br>plotted on a graph when backwashing.</p>\n<br><p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Some of the information above is mandat-<br>ed through each state\u2019s regulatory agen-<br>cy, which is derived from the Long Term 1<br>Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule<br>(LT1ESWTR) and/or the Interim Enhanced<br>Surface Water Treatment Rule IESWTR).</p>\n<br><p id='51' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Continuous turbidity monitoring equipment<br>needs to be cleaned and calibrated on a reg-<br>ular basis. Check with the manufacturer to<br>get maintenance and calibration schedules<br>for turbidity equipment. You may have to<br>order supplies for cleaning and calibration<br>procedure ahead of time. Be advised that<br>some if not all of the calibration standards<br>have a shelf life.</p>\n<br><p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Inspect the filter media at least every quar-<br>ter. A few things an operator can do to in-<br>spect the filter on a regular basis include:</p>\n<br><p id='53' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>\u2022 Measure each filter bed thickness in<br>at least six places spaced evenly in the<br>filter bed. This will show any losses of<br>filter media over time and an uneven<br>media bed. Add media as necessary.<br>\u2022 As the filter goes into backwash, watch<br>for uneven bed expansion at the begin-<br>ning of the backwash. This could be<br>a sign of a clogged diffuser or broken<br>under-drain tile. This could also be the<br>cause of the uneven media bed thick-<br>ness.<br>\u2022 Measure the backwash rate and filter<br>bed expansion.<br>\u2022 When the filter bed is fully fluidized,<br>take a sample of the filter media and<br>visually inspect the media after air dry-</p>\n<br><p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>three</p>\n<footer id='55' style='font-size:14px'>NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES CENTER \u2022 1-800-624-8301 \u2022 www.nesc.wvu.edu</footer>\n<br><footer id='56' style='font-size:22px'>PAGE<br>OF<br>FOUR</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1256739, "type": "text", "content": "Western Washington Stormwater Manual targets the capture of 91% of the average \nannual runoff for water quality, which they equate to two-thirds of a 2-year\nstorm \nevent (roughly 1.65 inches). Again, this storm event is not equivalent to the\n91st \npercentile Western Washington storm.\n\n\n \n\nA way of modeling the rainfall that could result in a clearer link to the\ntreatment goal \nmay be to determine the volume of a wet basin that will result in an average\nstorm \ndetention time of 24, 36, or 48 hours, depending on the anticipated TSS\nsettling \nvelocity in the vicinity of the site. The assumed inter-event time could be\nadjusted \nto ensure that enough detention time is provided between each storm event. An \nassumption could be made that storms with total volumes less than the \u201c90% \ntreatment storm\u201d would receive 100% treatment. Storms with total volumes \ngreater than the \u201c90% treatment storm\u201d would receive partial treatment: 100% \ntreatment for the volume equal to the 90% storm volume, and 0% treatment for\nthe \nvolume greater than the 90% storm volume. This may be overly conservative, as \nsome very long, drawn-out storms (>24 hours) with total volumes greater than\nthe \ndesignated treatment volume, may in fact receive greater than 24 hours of \ndetention time for the entire storm, or 100% effective treatment.\n\n\nFigure A-3. Continuous Simulation Determination of 90% Treatment Volume\n\n\nCity of Portland Stormwater Management Manual\u2014August 2016 \nAppendix A: Stormwater Design Methodologies, Stormwater Pollution Reduction\nStorm\n\n\n \nA-17\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2459650, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='50' style='font-size:20px'>Filtration Facility, minimum compliance</h1>\n<h1 id='51' style='font-size:18px'>Capacity</h1>\n<br><p id='52' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Meets most projected demand for 20 years<br>\u2022 Requires some reliance on groundwater</p>\n<br><p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>145 mgd</p>\n<h1 id='54' style='font-size:16px'>Inlet Inlet Sedimentation Sedimentation</h1>\n<br><p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Rapid Rapid<br>Mix Mix</p>\n<br><h1 id='56' style='font-size:16px'>Flocculation Flocculation</h1>\n<br><h1 id='57' style='font-size:16px'>Filters Filters</h1>\n<br><h1 id='58' style='font-size:16px'>Clearwell Clearwell</h1>\n<figure><img id='59' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(91,503); bottom-right:(1214,685)\" /></figure>\n<h1 id='60' style='font-size:18px'>Filtration rate</h1>\n<br><h1 id='61' style='font-size:18px'>6 gpm/sf gpm/sf<br>6</h1>\n<p id='62' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 Meets proven<br>industry standard<br>\u2022 Handles turbidity<br>events, including<br>post-fire</p>\n<br><h1 id='63' style='font-size:18px'>10 MG MG<br>10</h1>\n<h1 id='64' style='font-size:18px'>Clearwell</h1>\n<br><h1 id='65' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 10 MG needed for disinfection</h1>\n<footer id='66' style='font-size:14px'>36</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2114072, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='88' style='font-size:18px'>WATER QUALITY REPORT 2016</h1>\n<h1 id='89' style='font-size:18px'>5.1 TESTING PARAMETERS</h1>\n<p id='90' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Did you know \u2026?</p>\n<p id='91' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\uf0b7 Up to 60% of the<br>human body is water.<br>\uf0b7 The brain is<br>composed of 70%<br>water.<br>\uf0b7 Blood is 82% water.<br>\uf0b7 The lungs are nearly<br>90% water.</p>\n<br><p id='92' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The water treatment plant has continuous online monitoring for<br>treated water turbidity, particle counts, pH, temperature, chlorine<br>residual, and UV transmittance. These parameters are trended<br>and monitored daily by the operators for abnormal conditions and<br>corrective actions are taken. Frequent grab samples are collected<br>and analyzed to confirm the operation of the online<br>instrumentation.</p>\n<p id='93' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The City of Salmon Arm is required to collect a minimum of 14<br>bacteriological samples per month as outlined in the BC Drinking<br>Water Protection Regulation. These samples are collected from<br>representative points throughout the distribution system.</p>\n<p id='94' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Turbidity</p>\n<p id='95' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>T urbidity measurements relate to the optical properties of water.<br>Poor turbidity is caused by suspended matter such as clay, silt,<br>finely divided organic and inorganic matter, soluble coloured<br>organic compounds, plankton, and other microscopic organisms.</p>\n<p id='96' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>E xcessive turbidity not only detracts from the appearance and<br>taste of water, it can shield organisms from disinfection methods.<br>The unit of measurement is the nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU).<br>Turbidity from the treatment plant shall be less than or equal to 0.3<br>NTU in at least 95% of the measurements made, or at least 95%<br>of the time each calendar month, and shall not exceed 1.0 NTU at<br>any time. The unfiltered East Canoe Creek source automatically<br>shuts down at a turbidity of 1 NTU. The system is then flushed until<br>the turbidity is within the acceptable range (<1 NTU). Turbidity is<br>continuously measured at both water supply sources.</p>\n<h1 id='97' style='font-size:18px'>Chemical Analysis</h1>\n<p id='98' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>T he Utilities Division takes samples on a bi-annual basis from raw<br>water sources for a chemical analysis of common minerals and<br>other chemical parameters (such as hardness). Results are<br>checked against the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water<br>Quality (see Appendix 1). Samples are also collected bi-annually<br>from representative points throughout the distribution system and<br>analyzed for disinfection by-products</p>\n<footer id='99' style='font-size:18px'>- 8 -</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 35977, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='33' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Table I</p>\n<br><h1 id='34' style='font-size:20px'>Summary of Optimization Monitoring<br>and Performance Goals</h1>\n<br><h1 id='35' style='font-size:18px'>Minimum Data Monitoring Requirements</h1>\n<br><p id='36' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 Daily raw water turbidity<br>\u2022 Settled water turbidity at four-hour time increments from each<br>sedimentation basin<br>\u2022 On-line (continuous) turbidity from each filter<br>\u2022 One filter backwash profile each month from each filter</p>\n<h1 id='37' style='font-size:18px'>Individual Sedimentation Basin Performance<br>Goals</h1>\n<br><p id='38' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 Settled water turbidity less than 2 NTU 95 percent of the time if<br>raw water turbidity is greater than 10 NTU, or<br>\u2022 Settled water turbidity less than 1 NTU 95 percent of the time if<br>raw water turbidity is less than or equal to 10 NTU</p>\n<h1 id='39' style='font-size:18px'>Individual Filter Performance Goals</h1>\n<br><p id='40' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 Filtered water turbidity less than 0.10 NTU 95 percent of the time<br>(excluding<br>15-minute period following backwashes) based on the maximum<br>values recorded during four-hour time increments<br>\u2022 Maximum filtered water measurement of 0.30 NTU<br>\u2022 Initiate filter backwash immediately after turbidity breakthrough<br>has been observed and before effluent turbidity exceeds 0.10<br>NTU<br>\u2022 Maximum filtered water turbidity following backwash of 0.30 NTU<br>\u2022 Maximum backwash recovery period of 15 minutes (i.e., return to<br>less than 0.10 NTU)<br>\u2022 Maximum filtered water measurement of less than 10 particles<br>(in the greater than 2 micron range) per milliliter (if particle<br>counters are available)</p>\n<h1 id='41' style='font-size:18px'>Disinfection Performance Criteria</h1>\n<br><p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Source: Rural Community Assistance Partnership</p>\n<br><p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>contact area and time for settling). Some-<br>times baffling is used or can be added to<br>help the sedimentation time.</p>\n<br><p id='44' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>At the end of the sedimentation period in<br>each basin, record settled water turbidity<br>at four-hour time increments. This practice<br>helps judge the performance of the sedi-<br>mentation basin(s). It is important for the<br>sedimentation basin(s) to operate optimally<br>so the filters do not get overworked and to<br>make sure the filters can handle the incom-<br>ing turbidity with no bleed-through of dirty<br>water. Individual sedimentation basin per-<br>formance goals are shown in Table 1.</p>\n<br><p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Filtration</p>\n<br><p id='46' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Filtration is the last stage in turbidity con-<br>trol before the clear well. Most filters can<br>handle a wide range of turbidity, but don\u2019t<br>leave all the work up to them. The other</p>\n<br><p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>processes\u2014chemical mix, flash mix, coag-<br>ulation, flocculation, and sedimentation\u2014<br>must work optimally for the life of the filters<br>and to provide a safety factor or cushion for<br>lower turbidities. The less turbidity going<br>into the filters means longer filter runs and<br>longer filter-media life, which saves money.<br>Individual filter performance goals are show<br>in Table One.</p>\n<br><p id='48' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The minimum data monitoring requirements<br>for the filters are:</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 35976, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>cleaning must be done manually using an<br>excavator and a vacuum truck (and possibly<br>even a diver). The cleaning intervals vary<br>from once a year to once a decade, depend-<br>ing on how clean the source water is. Visu-<br>al inspections may need to be done with a<br>camera or diver. Don\u2019t forget to turn off the<br>raw water pumps when inspecting.</p>\n<br><p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The operator should record the raw water<br>turbidity every day that he or she produces<br>water, even if it is not a state requirement.<br>Sampling the raw water should be done<br>upstream from the intake. Even though the<br>intake might be a long distance away from<br>the plant, it is useful to see the difference be-<br>tween source water turbidity and the turbid-<br>ity prior to treatment. Record data related to<br>different operating scenarios, weather condi-<br>tions, and other incidences that increase or<br>decrease turbidity in the water.</p>\n<br><p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>If the plant does not operate continuous-<br>ly and can shut down temporarily, a good<br>practice is to produce water before any rain<br>storms when the water is the cleanest. Some<br>plants can\u2019t handle extremely turbid water.<br>Watching or listening to the weather forecast<br>can be helpful in controlling turbidity.</p>\n<br><p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Another good practice for operators is to keep<br>in daily contact with other water system or<br>sewer system personnel up and downstream<br>from your plant. Things like flash floods or<br>problems with industries or sewage plants<br>are easier to deal with if you know about the<br>problem before it gets to your intake. The<br>operator can make as much water as pos-<br>sible before shutting down and letting the<br>problem pass. Don\u2019t forget to relay the infor-<br>mation downstream to other water systems.<br>(For more information about networks, see<br>the article \u201cCrisis Communication: Building a<br>Network to Keep Drinking Water Safe\u201d in the<br>Fall 2002 On Tap.)</p>\n<br><h1 id='19' style='font-size:18px'>Coagulation, Chemical Feeds, Flash Mix</h1>\n<br><p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Turbidity reduction is best achieved when<br>the water goes through a series of chemi-<br>cal and physical treatment methods before<br>reaching the filter. The terms coagulation,<br>flocculation, and flash mix are often dis-<br>cussed together. Basically, coagulation is<br>the process of getting particulates to stick<br>together, flocculation is when this process<br>becomes visible, and the flash mix is the fast<br>mixing that makes it happen.</p>\n<br><p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Coagulants include alum or polyelectrolytes<br>such as polyaluminum chloride. Some water<br>will react better with one chemical than the<br>other. The correct dosage is determined with</p>\n<br><p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>jar testing and feed pump calibration. (For<br>more information about jar testing, see the<br>Tech Brief on this subject in the Spring 2005<br>On Tap.) The coagulant is usually injected<br>into the line before the flash mix, sometimes<br>using a static mixer (a short piece of pipe<br>with internal spiral fins). If your plant is<br>not equipped with an in-line static mixer, it<br>would be a fairly inexpensive investment and<br>an improvement to the treatment process.</p>\n<br><p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Proper mixing is important to coagulation,<br>as is the proper dosage of the coagulant.<br>Coagulation can start as soon as the chem-<br>ical is added, but the flash mix kicks the<br>process into high gear. The flash mix is<br>usually aided with a motorized paddle or the<br>water is allowed to fall (splash) into a cham-<br>ber making the water turbulent. Although it<br>isn\u2019t required, the operator can take a daily<br>turbidity reading at the end of the flash mix.</p>\n<br><h1 id='24' style='font-size:18px'>Flocculation</h1>\n<br><p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Free Available</p>\n<p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Flocculation usually consists of a two-or<br>three-stage process, and begins when the<br>particulates start sticking together more<br>visibly. The process still uses the motorized<br>paddles, but at a slower rate than during<br>the flash mix. Stage one of flocculation is<br>fastest, with the seco nd and third stages<br>working more slowly and sometimes with<br>the paddles moving in the opposite direction.<br>In some plants, it is possible to adjust the<br>speed of these motors. Keep in mind you<br>want the last stage to be at a slow, consis-<br>tent speed so as not to break up the parti-<br>cles. This allows the particles to get heavier<br>and helpd them settle to the bottom in the<br>next part of the process, sedimentation.<br>Again, it would not be a bad idea to take dai-<br>ly turbidity readings at the end of the floccu-<br>lation process.</p>\n<br><p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Residual</p>\n<h1 id='28' style='font-size:18px'>Sedimentation</h1>\n<br><p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>During sedimentation, the particles of dirt<br>settle to the bottom of the basin. The sedi-<br>mentation basin is the last step before the<br>filters, so sedimentation must work effective-<br>ly. The key to good sedimentation is having<br>enough area and/or time for settlement and,<br>subsequently, good sludge removal.</p>\n<br><p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Sludge at the bottom of the tank is usually<br>scraped with a slow-moving blade to a sump<br>and drain. Some settlement basins have a<br>cone-shaped bottom to direct the sludge to a<br>drain. It still may be necessary to drain the<br>sedimentation basin and clean the sludge<br>every five to 10 years, depending on the wa-<br>ter quality. Some sedimentation basins have<br>tube settlers (slanted tubes that help with</p>\n<br><footer id='31' style='font-size:20px'>FOUR<br>OF<br>two<br>PAGE</footer>\n<footer id='32' style='font-size:14px'>Tech Brief \u2022 Turbidity Control, Summer 2006, Vol. 6, Issue 2</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1963808, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='80' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>420. Since pH is a logarithmic scale, a difference of one pH unit is equivalent to<br>fold difference in hydrogen ion concentration</p>\n<br><p id='81' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>_______________</p>\n<p id='82' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>A. 1 C. 10<br>B. .1 D. None of the above</p>\n<p id='83' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>4 21. Which of the following terms measurements is used in the interpretation and control of water and<br>wastewater treatment processes?</p>\n<br><table id='84' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td>A.</td><td>Acid C.</td><td>Hydrogen bond formation</td></tr><tr><td>B. Alkalinity</td><td>D.</td><td>None of the above</td></tr></table>\n<p id='85' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>4 22. Which of the following terms are compounds that, for practical purposes, are completely<br>dissociated in water.</p>\n<br><table id='86' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td>A. Strong acids and bases</td><td>C.</td><td>Strong bases and weak acids</td></tr><tr><td>B. Chemical ions in chains</td><td>D.</td><td>None of the above</td></tr></table>\n<p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>4 23. The pH of a solution containing a ____________ may require the solution of a cubic equation.</p>\n<br><table id='88' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td>A. Strong acids and bases</td><td>C. Weak base</td></tr><tr><td>B. Strong base</td><td>D. None of the above</td></tr></table>\n<p id='89' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>4 24. Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, is an example of a?</p>\n<br><table id='90' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td>A. Weak base</td><td>C. Strong acid</td></tr><tr><td>B. Strong base</td><td>D. None of the above</td></tr></table>\n<h1 id='91' style='font-size:18px'>T urbidity Testing Sub-Section</h1>\n<br><p id='92' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>These QA/QC questions ensure that you have read the questions. These questions may seem to be<br>repeats, but are necessary for your comprehension and evaluation.</p>\n<p id='93' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>4 25. Turbidity is measured to evaluate the performance of</p>\n<br><p id='94' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>___________________.</p>\n<br><p id='95' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>A. Water treatment plant(s) C. Colloidal to coarse dispersions<br>B. An aesthetic point D. None of the above</p>\n<p id='96' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>4 26. Turbidity is caused by wide variety of suspended matter that range in size from colloidal to coarse<br>dispersions, depending upon the_____________________, and ranges from pure inorganic<br>substances to those that are highly organic in nature.</p>\n<br><p id='97' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>A. Water treatment plant(s) C. Degree of turbulence<br>B. An aesthetic point D. None of the above</p>\n<p id='98' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>4 27. Turbid waters are undesirable from __________ of view in drinking water supplies.</p>\n<br><p id='99' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>A. Water treatment plant(s) C. Colloidal to coarse dispersions<br>B. An aesthetic point D. None of the above</p>\n<p id='100' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>S urface Water (SW) System Compliance</p>\n<br><h1 id='101' style='font-size:18px'>428. Sample the</h1>\n<br><p id='102' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>________________ at the clear well</p>\n<br><table id='103' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td>A.</td><td>Individual filter effluent</td><td>C. Combined filter turbidity</td></tr><tr><td>B.</td><td>95% of samples</td><td>D. None of the above</td></tr></table>\n<table id='104' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td>4 29. 0.34 NTU in</td><td>________________, never to exceed 1.0 NTU spike</td></tr><tr><td>A. Individual filter effluent</td><td>C. Combined filter turbidity</td></tr><tr><td>B. 95% of samples</td><td>D. None of the above</td></tr></table>\n<h1 id='105' style='font-size:18px'>4 30. Sample turbidity at each</h1>\n<br><p id='106' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>____________________</p>\n<br><table id='107' style='font-size:18px'><tr><td>A.</td><td>Individual filter effluent</td><td>C. Combined filter turbidity</td></tr><tr><td>B.</td><td>95% of samples</td><td>D. None of the above</td></tr></table>\n<p id='108' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Waterborne Diseases Assignment 55 TLC \u00a9 1/13/2020 www.abctlc.com</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 811600, "type": "text", "content": "# Carnival Grand Port\n\n\n \nEnvironmental Impact Assessment\n\n\nparties and will include a summary of the previous day\u2019s progress, details of\nany issues or accidents, and \nassurance that turbidity curtains are in place and functional.\n\n\nT urbidity Monitoring: Turbidity monitoring will be conducted to ensure that\nvalues will not exceed a maximum \nincrease of 15 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) above background\nconcentration during dredging at all \nsampling locations. Monitoring details are outlined below:\n\n\nT urbidity curtains should be installed at all sites of turbidity generating\nactivity, including the jetty construction \narea, dredge site and the dewatering site. The curtains may need to be removed\nduring periods of rough \nweather in order to prevent damage to the curtain and surrounding habitat;\nhowever, storm conditions should \nalso necessitate cessation of dredging activities.\n\n\nS ampling locations should include the following areas: 1) jetty construction\narea, 2) dredge areas and 3) \ndischarge site. Background sample points shall be taken at least 1000 meters\nfrom the project site outside \nof the zone of influence of the project. The GPS coordinates of each turbidity\nsample location should be \nrecorded, and samples should be taken about the middle of the water column at\neach location.\n\n\nP re-construction in situ turbidity measurements shall be taken weekly within\nthe month prior to the \ncommencement of dredging. Turbidity samples (in NTUs) shall be collected and\nanalyzed at each sample \nlocation at the surface and mid-depth within the water column. The distance\nbetween the sample locations \nwill be at least 500 feet. These measurements will help to characterize the\nconditions existing immediately \nprior to construction.\n\n\nT urbidity monitoring will be conducted on a daily basis by a trained\nindividual. The following protocol will be \nutilized.\n\n\nE quipment and Monitoring Protocol: Samples will be measured in nephelometric\nturbidity units (NTUs) per \nthe device manufacturer\u2019s guidelines. The device shall be factory calibrated\nwithin at least the previous year. \nField calibration shall be conducted at least every week or if warranted,\nbased on a reading comparison to a \nstandard. A quality assurance check to a 10 NTU standard shall be conducted\nprior to each sampling event \nto ensure the device is calibrated and reading properly. Samples shall be\ncollected mid-depth utilizing a \nniskin bottle or comparable sampling device. Samples shall be tested within 10\nminutes of sample collection.\n\n\n220 \| P a g e\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 35979, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>ing. Then, take a portion and acid wash<br>it and let it air dry. Look for structural<br>break-down of the media and/or miner-<br>al deposits.</p>\n<br><p id='58' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The viability of the media is very important<br>for efficient operation of the filtering process.</p>\n<br><h1 id='59' style='font-size:20px'>Clear Well</h1>\n<br><p id='60' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The clear well can, over a long period of time,<br>accumulate sediment. The clear well should<br>be inspected at the same time as the storage<br>tanks are in the distribution system and be<br>cleaned as necessary. A couple of things can<br>be done to keep any sediment that may be in<br>the bottom of the clear well from stirring up.</p>\n<br><p id='61' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>\u2022 Don\u2019t let the water splash into the clear<br>well. Use baffling, a splash pan or other<br>means to flow the filtered water in slow-<br>ly.<br>\u2022 Try not to empty the clear well during<br>normal use. If there is sediment in the<br>clear well, it might get stirred up and<br>end up in the distribution system.</p>\n<br><h1 id='62' style='font-size:20px'>Distribution System</h1>\n<br><p id='63' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Sediment can accumulate in the distribu-<br>tion system over time and when a line break<br>occurs or a fire hydrant is opened, it will<br>get stirred up. Several things can be done<br>to control this problem in the distribution<br>system.</p>\n<br><p id='64' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>By following the procedures outlined in this<br>Tech Brief, operators can lower turbidity in<br>the water during all stages of the treatment<br>process. Lower turbidity means lower treat-<br>ment costs and better quality drinking water.</p>\n<br><p id='65' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>References:</p>\n<br><p id='66' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Barrett, Joy. 2005. \u201cOptimization: Helping Small Water Systems<br>Improve Their Product.\u201d On Tap (Winter). Morgantown WV:<br>National Environmental Services Center.<br>Lahlou, Michael Z. 2002. \u201cTech Brief: Water Quality in<br>Distribution Systems.\u201d On Tap (Fall). Morgantown, WV:<br>National Environmental Services Center.<br>Satterfield, Zane. 2005. \u201cTech Brief: Filter Backwashing.\u201d On<br>Tap (Fall). Morgantown WV: National Environmental Services<br>Center.<br>_____. 2005. \u201cTech Brief: Jar Testing.\u201d On Tap (Spring).<br>Morgantown WV: National Environmental Services Center.<br>_____. 2004. Q&A: \u201cHow will the Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface<br>Water Treatment Rule (LT1ESWTR) affect my system?\u201d On<br>Tap (Spring). Morgantown WV: National Environmental<br>Services Center.<br>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Long Term 1 Enhanced<br>Surface Water Treatment Rule: A Quick Reference Guide.<br>Washington D.C.: EPA.</p>\n<figure><img id='67' style='font-size:18px' alt=\"Before\nWest\" data-coord=\"top-left:(634,1075); bottom-right:(789,1264)\" /></figure>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 35980, "type": "html", "content": "<br><p id='68' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>\u2022 Flush the system twice a year, work-<br>ing out in a radial pattern from the<br>treatment plant will keep accumulated<br>sediment out of the lines. This flush-<br>ing should be done at low-use times to<br>allow the water to settle and reduce any<br>complaint calls from customers. Also,<br>don\u2019t flush during cold weather when<br>ice problems could be created on roads<br>and streets or cause the fire hydrant<br>to ice up making it difficult to close.<br>Keep track of this water for the water<br>accountability report as water used for<br>maintenance.<br>\u2022 Inspect storage tanks regularly and<br>clean sediment as necessary to help<br>prevent customer complaints.<br>\u2022 Isolate line breaks and flush that<br>section before opening the rest of the<br>system.<br>\u2022 Line pigging or swabbing is a procedure<br>to swab the distribution lines out and<br>clean them. This is usually done right<br>after a new line is constructed but can<br>also be done on existing lines.</p>\n<br><p id='69' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>joining NESC\u2019s technical services unit,<br>Engineering Scientist Zane Satterfield worked for the<br>Virginia Bureau of Public Health, Environmental<br>Engineering Division, the city of Fairmont Engineering<br>Department, and McMillen Engineering a private<br>firm based in Uniontown, Pennsylvania.</p>\n<p id='70' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Published by The National Environmental Services Center at West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6064, Morgantown, WV 26506-6064</p>\n<br><figure><img id='71' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(628,1409); bottom-right:(856,1514)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='72' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(891,1426); bottom-right:(1105,1493)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='73' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Institution</p>\n<br><footer id='74' style='font-size:22px'>FOUR<br>OF<br>four<br>PAGE</footer>\n<footer id='75' style='font-size:16px'>Tech Brief \u2022 Turbidity Control, Summer 2006, Vol. 6, Issue 2</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}]	Given that a sedimentation basin needs to maintain turbidity less than 2 NTU 95% of the time when raw water turbidity is greater than 10 NTU, calculate the number of hours per week the treatment needs to maintain this threshold if raw water turbidity is consistently above 10 NTU.	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 357, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["numerical reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 2108268, "type": "text", "content": "SPOTLIGHT ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP\n\n\nL proposition. According to the \naunching a new enterprise\u2014 \nwhether it\u2019s a tech start-up, a \nsmall business, or an initiative \nwithin a large corporation\u2014 \nhas always been a hit-or-miss \ndecades-old formula, you \nwrite a business plan, pitch it \nto investors, assemble a team, \nintroduce a product, and start \nselling as hard as you can. And somewhere in this \nsequence of events, you\u2019ll probably suffer a fatal \nsetback. The odds are not with you: As new research \nby Harvard Business School\u2019s Shikhar Ghosh shows, \n75% of all start-ups fail.\n\n\n \n\nBut recently an important countervailing force \nhas emerged, one that can make the process of start- \ning a company less risky. It\u2019s a methodology called \nthe \u201clean start-up,\u201d and it favors experimentation \nover elaborate planning, customer feedback over \nintuition, and iterative design over traditional \u201cbig \ndesign up front\u201d development. Although the meth- \nodology is just a few years old, its concepts\u2014such\n\n\n \n\nas \u201cminimum viable product\u201d and \u201cpivoting\u201d\u2014have \nquickly taken root in the start-up world, and busi- \nness schools have already begun adapting their cur- \nricula to teach them.\n\n\n \n\nThe lean start-up movement hasn\u2019t gone totally \nmainstream, however, and we have yet to feel its full \nimpact. In many ways it is roughly where the big data \nmovement was five years ago\u2014consisting mainly of \na buzzword that\u2019s not yet widely understood, whose \nimplications companies are just beginning to grasp. \nBut as its practices spread, they\u2019re turning the con- \nventional wisdom about entrepreneurship on its \nhead. New ventures of all kinds are attempting to \nimprove their chances of success by following its \nprinciples of failing fast and continually learning. \nAnd despite the methodology\u2019s name, in the long \nterm some of its biggest payoffs may be gained by the \nlarge companies that embrace it.\n\n\n \n\nIn this article I\u2019ll offer a brief overview of lean \nstart-up techniques and how they\u2019ve evolved. Most \nimportant, I\u2019ll explain how, in combination with \nother business trends, they could ignite a new entre- \npreneurial economy.\n\n\n4 Harvard Business Review May 2013 COPYRIGHT \u00a9 2013 HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL\nPUBLISHING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. \nThis article is made available to you compliments of Mr. Steven Blank. Further\nposting, copying, or distributing is \ncopyright infringement.\n\n\n \nTRUST \nWALLACE \nTHE \nAND \nARTIST \nTHE \nOF \nCOURTESY \nPAGE: \nPREVIOUS \nPHOTOGRAPHY\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 778698, "type": "text", "content": "the consumer (i.e. the ones that really matter to him/her) have to be\nprioritized so that most \nefforts are focused on the important customer needs. At the heart of the\nnotion of Lean Startup is \nthe question: Which of the efforts made are value creators and which simply\nrepresent losses? \nValue creation refers directly to those functions and characteristics that\nconstitute benefits for \nthe consumer.\n\n\nWith regard to the importance of constant experimentation, the Lean Startup\nexperts \nrecommend that the startup or its product should be treated as a scientific\nexperiment, with \nhypotheses to be verified by experiments. Among the first actions of the\nentrepreneur is the \nbreakdown of his/her vision of business into its component elements. If a\ncomponent is an \nassumption, then it should be tested.\n\n\n \n\nThe Lean Startup method has the following steps:\n\n\n\\- Designing the business model; \n\\- Development of the consumer segment; \n\\- Monitoring the startup progress.\n\n\n# D esigning the Business Model (in Lean Startup)\n\n\n \n\nA business model is an abstract representation of a business (in textual\nand/or graphic format) \nof all the organizational, operational and financial structures essential for\nthe functioning of the \nbusiness designed and developed by a company (at present, but also in the\nfuture), as well as the \nbasic products/services manufactured/distributed/marketed by the company, in\norder to \nachieve the strategic objectives. In other words, the business model\nindicates: the capabilities \nand resources needed to run the business; how the value produced is created\nand marketed; \nfinancial flows.\n\n\nThe business model must be clear and allow the future development of the\ncompany to be \nobserved. The particular importance of the business model is given by its use\nin the actions to \nobtain the financing. Based on the business model, the company's strategy and\nespecially how \nthe company produces value for customers and how it generates revenue for\nitself is established.\n\n\n \n\nIt has been found that those companies that innovate at the business model\nlevel have a higher \ngrowth rate than those that only innovate or those that only copy a known\nbusiness model. The \nlevels at which the business model is innovated can be:\n\n\n\\- Financially (it changes the way the company revenues are generated through\nnew value \npropositions or new models are proposed for establishing the product price); \n\\- As a Company (rethinks the way the value is generated within the company,\nresulting in \nthe revision of internal procedures and collaboration protocols); \n\\- As an Industry (the business model represents an innovation at the level of\nthe economic \nbranch or, rarely, a new economic branch is born).\n\n\n \n\nIt is recommended to follow these steps (represented by significant questions)\nin completing the \nbusiness model format, in order to better understand how the business is\ncarried out:\n\n\n\u2022 How do you reach customers? (methods, time consumed, people involved)\n\n\n81\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 63385, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>There will be enhanced capacities to: see all ventures as sets of relationships to be developed; build<br>trust-based relationships; develop strategies to build effective networks: and use negotiation skills.</p>\n<p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>B rainstorming is a method to create different ideas, even crazy ones. The time needed for the activity is<br>between 1 and 2 hours. The activity starts with a teacher explaining the rules of brainstorming. The<br>teacher should show students how other people brainstorm, how brainstorming is used for example in<br>the world of advertising, art, and engineering. In short, brainstorming is a group activity where students<br>work together to generate many ideas quickly and without judgment. Students stimulate each other\u2019s<br>thinking, build on each other ideas, merge ideas, etc. It is important for students to be aware of the rules<br>and first openly discuss what is brainstorming and what is not. The Post-It notes are useful to use in the<br>activity. The students should write their ideas on a separate Post-It note48.</p>\n<h1 id='20' style='font-size:16px'>T he 10 rules of brainstorming:</h1>\n<br><p id='21' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>1. Don\u2019t judge. Take every idea as it is.<br>2. Don\u2019t comment. Just shoot more ideas.<br>3. Don\u2019t edit ideas. Let them be.<br>4. Don\u2019t execute. Plenty of time for that later!<br>5. Don\u2019t worry. Tell even the worst idea that comes to your mind.<br>6. Don\u2019t look backward. What is your next idea?<br>7. Don\u2019t lose focus. Stop talking about lunch break. Yes, you!<br>8. Don\u2019t sap energy.<br>9. Don\u2019t compare ideas. They are not there yet.<br>10. Don\u2019t make fun of others. It will surely shut them down49</p>\n<p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>A fter the idea-generating phase, the student should have a break. When they return, they should have<br>about 30 minutes to reflect on the ideas, affinity map them and choose the best ones. The activity ends<br>with presentations. Each group of students presents their best ideas and receives feedback from both,<br>the teacher and other students50.</p>\n<p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>B usiness Model Canvas is a business development tool, which helps to think about the business visually<br>and intuitively. The entire business can be presented on just 1 page.51 The Business Model Canvas can<br>be used for designing new business models for start-ups and existing businesses, but it can also be used<br>for visualizing and communicating a simple story of the existing business model and further even to<br>manage a portfolio of business models52. \u201cA business model is a company's plan for making a profit. It<br>identifies the products or services the business will sell, the target market it has identified, and the<br>expenses it anticipates\u201d53.</p>\n<p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>4 8 Mitja Mavsar (2015) How to IDEATE. Available: http://howto.ideate.me/2015/12/16/brainstorming/ Retrieved: March<br>10, 2020.<br>49 Mitja Mavsar (2015)<br>50 Mitja Mavsar (2015)<br>51 Mitja Mavsar (2015)<br>52 Strategyser (2020) Business Model Canvast. Available: https://www.strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas.<br>Retrieved: March 10, 2020.<br>53 Kopp, Carol M. (2019) Business Essentials. Investopedia. Available:<br>https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/businessmodel.asp. Retrieved: March 10, 2020.</p>\n<br><footer id='25' style='font-size:20px'>23</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2108282, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='98' style='font-size:18px'>SPOTLIGHT ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP</header>\n<p id='99' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Today open source software, like GitHub, and<br>cloud services, such as Amazon Web Services, have<br>slashed the cost of software development from mil-<br>lions of dollars to thousands. Hardware start-ups no<br>longer have to build their own factories, since off-<br>shore manufacturers are so easily accessible. Indeed,<br>it\u2019s become quite common to see young tech com-<br>panies that practice the lean start-up methodology<br>offer software products that are simply \u201cbits\u201d deliv-<br>ered over the web or hardware that\u2019s built in China<br>within weeks of being formed. Consider Roominate,<br>a start-up designed to inspire girls\u2019 confidence and<br>interest in science, technology, engineering, and<br>math. Once its founders had finished testing and<br>iterating on the design of their wired dollhouse kit,</p>\n<br><p id='100' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Lean start-up practices aren\u2019t just for young<br>tech ventures. Large companies, such as GE and<br>Intuit, have begun to implement them.</p>\n<p id='101' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>they sent the specs off to a contract manufacturer in<br>China. Three weeks later the first products arrived.</p>\n<br><p id='102' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Another important trend is the decentralization<br>of access to financing. Venture capital used to be<br>a tight club of formal firms clustered near Silicon<br>Valley, Boston, and New York. In today\u2019s entrepre-<br>neurial ecosystem, new super angel funds, smaller<br>than the traditional hundred-million-dollar-sized<br>VC fund, can make early-stage investments. World-<br>wide, hundreds of accelerators, like Y Combinator<br>and TechStars, have begun to formalize seed invest-<br>ments. And crowdsourcing sites like Kickstarter pro-<br>vide another, more democratic method of financing<br>start-ups.</p>\n<br><p id='103' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The instantaneous availability of information is<br>also a boon to today\u2019s new ventures. Before the in-<br>ternet, new company founders got advice only as<br>often as they could have coffee with experienced<br>investors or entrepreneurs. Today the biggest chal-<br>lenge is sorting through the overwhelming amount<br>of start-up advice they get. The lean concepts pro-<br>vide a framework that helps you differentiate the<br>good from the bad.</p>\n<br><p id='104' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Lean start-up techniques were initially designed<br>to create fast-growing tech ventures. But I believe<br>the concepts are equally valid for creating the Main</p>\n<br><p id='105' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>8</p>\n<br><p id='106' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Street small businesses that make up the bulk of the<br>economy. If the entire universe of small business<br>embraced them, I strongly suspect it would increase<br>growth and efficiency, and have a direct and imme-<br>diate impact on GDP and employment.</p>\n<br><p id='107' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>There are signs that this may in fact happen. In<br>2011 the U.S. National Science Foundation began<br>using lean methods to commercialize basic science<br>research in a program called the Innovation Corps.<br>Eleven universities now teach the methods to hun-<br>dreds of teams of senior research scientists across the<br>United States.</p>\n<br><p id='108' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>MBA programs are adopting these techniques,<br>too. For years they taught students to apply large-<br>company approaches\u2014such as accounting methods</p>\n<p id='109' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>for tracking revenue and cash flow, and organiza-<br>tional theories about managing\u2014to start-ups. Yet<br>start-ups face completely different issues. Now busi-<br>ness schools are realizing that new ventures need<br>their own management tools.</p>\n<br><p id='110' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>As business schools embrace the distinction be-<br>tween management execution and searching for a<br>business model, they\u2019re abandoning the business<br>plan as the template for entrepreneurial education.<br>And the business plan competitions that have been<br>a celebrated part of the MBA experience for over a<br>decade are being replaced by business model com-<br>petitions. (Harvard Business School became the lat-<br>est to make this switch, in 2012.) Stanford, Harvard,<br>Berkeley, and Columbia are leading the charge and<br>embracing the lean start-up curriculum. My Lean<br>LaunchPad course for educators is now training over<br>250 college and university instructors a year.</p>\n<br><p id='111' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>A New Strategy for the<br>21st-Century Corporation</p>\n<br><p id='112' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>It\u2019s already becoming clear that lean start-up prac-<br>tices are not just for young tech ventures.</p>\n<br><p id='113' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Corporations have spent the past 20 years in-<br>creasing their efficiency by driving down costs. But<br>simply focusing on improving existing business</p>\n<br><footer id='114' style='font-size:14px'>\u2002Harvard Business Review\u2002May 2013<br>This article is made available to you compliments of Mr. Steven Blank. Further posting, copying, or distributing is<br>copyright infringement.</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1175726, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>business model development), Entrepreneurship tools (Business model canvas, Business plan),<br>product/ service development (prototyping) as well as innovation management. Trainers were<br>trained in such concepts and tools so that they can transfer the knowledge/skills to their<br>students. The capacity building for staff in theories, skills and product/service development<br>meant to facilitate them to conduct trainings or workshops, mentorship, monitoring and<br>evaluation. It was also intended to provide the basics for the establishment of own<br>entrepreneurship or incubation centers. As individuals already in the field of entrepreneurship,<br>the ToTs were a means to supplement the skills and knowledge they already applied in teaching.</p>\n<p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>For the benefit of students, the ToTs were done to leverage the ground so that those who come<br>from various partner institutions for competing at the national level have at least a common<br>understanding of the basic skills regarding entrepreneurship concepts and processes. Two main<br>concepts and tools that were largely used to develop and transfer entrepreneurship skills were<br>the \u201cBusiness model canvas\u201d and the \u201cBusiness Plan\u201d.</p>\n<h1 id='9' style='font-size:18px'>1.4.1.1.Business model canvas</h1>\n<p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>A business model describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers and captures<br>value. The business model canvas created by Osterwalder et al. (2010) is made of 9 pillars:<br>Customer segment, value proposition, channels, customer relationship, revenue streams, key<br>resources, key activities, key partners and cost structure.</p>\n<p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The initial development of a business model starts with identifying and describing customers<br>plus value proposition. While Customer Segmentation deals with answering the questions of</p>\n<br><p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>\u201c For whom are we creating value?\u201d and \u201cWho are our most important customers?\u201d;<br>Value Proposition deals with \u201cWhat value do we deliver to the customer? Which one of our<br>customer\u2019s problems are we helping to solve? What bundles of products and services are we<br>offering to each Customer Segment? and Which customer needs are we satisfying?\u201d.</p>\n<footer id='13' style='font-size:14px'>4</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2033040, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='21' style='font-size:18px'>A nnex I Business Model Canvas vs. reference exploitation models</h1>\n<p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The Business Model Canvas is a shared language for describing, visualizing, assessing and changing<br>business models. It describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers and captures value.<br>(A. Osterwalder, Y. Pigneur, Business Model Generation, (2010), Definition, The 9 building blocks, The<br>Business Model Canvas pp 14-51)</p>\n<p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The Business Model Canvas is separated into 9 portions, or blocks. Each block focuses on a different factor<br>that a (start-up) business needs to consider. The canvas will help keep the entrepreneur\u2019s thoughts and ideas<br>straight and focused. It is important to remember that these blocks are highly interrelated, and a hypothesis<br>were to change in one block, the hypotheses of the other blocks may also be affected and require revision.</p>\n<figure><img id='24' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(172,675); bottom-right:(1121,1114)\" /></figure>\n<h1 id='25' style='font-size:14px'>B usiness Model Canvas blocks</h1>\n<p id='26' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>1 Value proposition: The products and services a business offers. Quoting Osterwalder (2004), a value<br>proposition \"is an overall view of products and services that together represent value for a specific<br>customer segment. It describes the way a firm differentiates itself from its competitors and is the reason<br>why customers buy from a certain firm and not from another.\"<br>2 Customer segments: The target audience for a business' products and services.<br>3 Channels: The means by which a company delivers products and services to customers. This includes<br>the company's marketing and distribution strategy.<br>4 Customer relationship: The links a company establishes between itself and its different customer<br>segments. The process of managing customer relationships is referred to as customer relationship<br>management.<br>5 Key partners: The business alliances that complement other aspects of the business model.</p>\n<footer id='27' style='font-size:14px'>35</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2108280, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='65' style='font-size:16px'>SPOTLIGHT ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP</header>\n<p id='66' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>long product development cycles that presuppose<br>knowledge of customers\u2019 problems and product<br>needs, agile development eliminates wasted time<br>and resources by developing the product iteratively<br>and incrementally. It\u2019s the process by which start-<br>ups create the minimum viable products they test.<br>(See the exhibit \u201cQuick, Responsive Development.\u201d)</p>\n<br><p id='67' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>When Jorge Heraud and Lee Redden started<br>Blue River Technology, they were students in my<br>class at Stanford. They had a vision of building ro-<br>botic lawn mowers for commercial spaces. After<br>talking to over 100 customers in 10 weeks, they<br>learned their initial customer target\u2014golf courses\u2014<br>didn\u2019t value their solution. But then they began to<br>talk to farmers and found a huge demand for an<br>automated way to kill weeds without chemicals.<br>Filling it became their new product focus, and within<br>10 weeks Blue River had built and tested a proto-</p>\n<h1 id='68' style='font-size:22px'>Listen to Customers</h1>\n<br><p id='69' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>During customer development, a start-up searches for a busi-<br>ness model that works. If customer feedback reveals that its<br>business hypotheses are wrong, it either revises them or \u201cpiv-<br>ots\u201d to new hypotheses. Once a model is proven, the start-up<br>starts executing, building a formal organization. Each stage of<br>customer development is iterative: A start-up will probably fail<br>several times before \ufb01nding the right approach.</p>\n<br><p id='70' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>SEARCH</p>\n<br><figure><img id='71' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"1 2 3 4\nCUSTOMER CUSTOMER CUSTOMER COMPANY\nDISCOVERY VALIDATION CREATION BUILDING\nPIVOT\n1 2 3 4\nFounders translate Start-up continues The product is Business transi-\ncompany ideas to test all other re\ufb01ned enough tions from start-\ninto business hypotheses and to sell. Using up mode, with\nmodel hypotheses, tries to validate its proven a customer de-\ntest assumptions customers\u2019 inter- hypotheses, the velopment team\nabout customers\u2019 est through early start-up builds searching for\nneeds, and then orders or product demand by rap- answers, to func-\ncreate a \u201cminimum usage. If there\u2019s no idly ramping up tional depart-\nviable product\u201d interest, the start- marketing and ments executing\nto try out their up can \u201cpivot\u201d by sales spending, its model.\nproposed solution changing one or and scales up\non customers. more hypotheses. the business.\" data-coord=\"top-left:(134,1063); bottom-right:(754,1525)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='72' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>EXECUTION</p>\n<br><p id='73' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>type. Nine months later the start-up had obtained<br>more than $3 million in venture funding. The team<br>expected to have a commercial product ready just<br>nine months after that.</p>\n<h1 id='74' style='font-size:20px'>Stealth Mode\u2019s Declining Popularity</h1>\n<br><p id='75' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Lean methods are changing the language start-ups<br>use to describe their work. During the dot-com<br>boom, start-ups often operated in \u201cstealth mode\u201d<br>(to avoid alerting potential competitors to a market<br>opportunity), exposing prototypes to customers<br>only during highly orchestrated \u201cbeta\u201d tests. The<br>lean start-up methodology makes those concepts<br>obsolete because it holds that in most industries<br>customer feedback matters more than secrecy and<br>that constant feedback yields better results than ca-<br>denced unveilings.</p>\n<br><p id='76' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Those two fundamental precepts crystallized for<br>me during my career as an entrepreneur. (I\u2019ve been<br>involved with eight high-tech start-ups, as either a<br>founder or an early employee.) When I shifted into<br>teaching, a decade ago, I came up with the formula<br>for customer development described earlier. By<br>2003 I was outlining this process in a course at the<br>Haas School of Business at the University of Califor-<br>nia at Berkeley.</p>\n<br><p id='77' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>In 2004, I invested in a start-up founded by Eric<br>Ries and Will Harvey and, as a condition of my in-<br>vestment, insisted that they take my course. Eric<br>quickly recognized that waterfall development, the<br>tech industry\u2019s traditional, linear product develop-<br>ment approach, should be replaced by iterative agile<br>techniques. He also saw similarities between this<br>emerging set of start-up disciplines and the Toyota<br>Production System, which had become known as<br>\u201clean manufacturing.\u201d Eric dubbed the combination<br>of customer development and agile practices the<br>\u201clean start-up.\u201d</p>\n<br><p id='78' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The tools were popularized by a series of suc-<br>cessful books. In 2003, I wrote The Four Steps to the<br>Epiphany, articulating for the first time that start-<br>ups were not smaller versions of large companies<br>and laying out the customer development process<br>in detail. In 2010, Alexander Osterwalder and Yves<br>Pigneur gave entrepreneurs the standard frame-<br>work for business model canvases in Business Model<br>Generation. In 2011 Eric published an overview in<br>The Lean Startup. And in 2012 Bob Dorf and I sum-<br>marized what we\u2019d learned about lean techniques in<br>a step-by-step handbook called The Startup Owner\u2019s<br>Manual.</p>\n<br><p id='79' data-category='footnote' style='font-size:14px'>6 \u2002Harvard Business Review\u2002May 2013<br>This article is made available to you compliments of Mr. Steven Blank. Further posting, copying, or distributing is<br>copyright infringement.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2108281, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='80' style='font-size:16px'>FOR ARTICLE REPRINTS CALL 800-988-0886 OR 617-783-7500, OR VISIT HBR.ORG</header>\n<br><h1 id='81' style='font-size:22px'>What Lean Start-Ups Do Di\ufb00erently</h1>\n<br><p id='82' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>The founders of lean start-ups don\u2019t begin with a business plan;<br>they begin with the search for a business model. Only after<br>quick rounds of experimentation and feedback reveal a model<br>that works do lean founders focus on execution.</p>\n<br><h1 id='83' style='font-size:20px'>Lean</h1>\n<br><p id='84' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The lean start-up method is now being taught<br>at more than 25 universities and through a popular<br>online course at Udacity.com. In addition, in almost<br>every city around world, you\u2019ll find organizations<br>like Startup Weekend introducing the lean method<br>to hundreds of prospective entrepreneurs at a time.<br>At such gatherings a roomful of start-up teams can<br>cycle through half a dozen potential product ideas<br>in a matter of hours. Although it sounds incredible<br>to people who haven\u2019t been to one, at these events<br>some businesses are formed on a Friday evening and<br>are generating actual revenue by Sunday afternoon.</p>\n<br><h1 id='85' style='font-size:18px'>Creating an Entrepreneurial,<br>Innovation-Based Economy</h1>\n<br><p id='86' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>While some adherents claim that the lean process<br>can make individual start-ups more successful, I<br>believe that claim is too grandiose. Success is predi-<br>cated on too many factors for one methodology to<br>guarantee that any single start-up will be a winner.<br>But on the basis of what I\u2019ve seen at hundreds of<br>start-ups, at programs that teach lean principles, and<br>at established companies that practice them, I can<br>make a more important claim: Using lean methods<br>across a portfolio of start-ups will result in fewer fail-<br>ures than using traditional methods.</p>\n<br><table id='87' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Strategy</td></tr><tr><td>Business Model Hypothesis-driven</td><td>Business Plan Implementation-driven</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">New-Product Process</td></tr><tr><td>Customer Development Get out of the o\ufb03ce and test hypotheses</td><td>Product Management Prepare o\ufb00ering for market following a linear, step-by-step plan</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Engineering</td></tr><tr><td>Agile Development Build the product iteratively and incrementally</td><td>Agile or Waterfall Development Build the product iteratively, or fully specify the product before building it</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Organization</td></tr><tr><td>Customer and Agile Development Teams Hire for learning, nimbleness, and speed</td><td>Departments by Function Hire for experience and ability to execute</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Financial Reporting</td></tr><tr><td>Metrics That Matter Customer acquisition cost, lifetime customer value, churn, viralness</td><td>Accounting Income statement, balance sheet, cash \ufb02ow statement</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Failure</td></tr><tr><td>Expected Fix by iterating on ideas and pivoting away from ones that don\u2019t work</td><td>Exception Fix by \ufb01ring executives</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Speed</td></tr><tr><td>Rapid Operates on good-enough data</td><td>Measured Operates on complete data</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='88' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>A lower start-up failure rate could have profound<br>economic consequences. Today the forces of disrup-<br>tion, globalization, and regulation are buffeting the<br>economies of every country. Established industries<br>are rapidly shedding jobs, many of which will never<br>return. Employment growth in the 21st century will<br>have to come from new ventures, so we all have a<br>vested interest in fostering an environment that<br>helps them succeed, grow, and hire more workers.<br>The creation of an innovation economy that\u2019s driven<br>by the rapid expansion of start-ups has never been<br>more imperative.</p>\n<br><p id='89' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>In the past, growth in the number of start-ups<br>was constrained by five factors in addition to the<br>failure rate:</p>\n<br><p id='90' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>1. The high cost of getting the first customer and<br>the even higher cost of getting the product wrong.</p>\n<br><p id='91' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>2. Long technology development cycles.</p>\n<br><p id='92' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>3. The limited number of people with an appe-<br>tite for the risks inherent in founding or working at<br>a start-up.</p>\n<br><p id='93' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>4. The structure of the venture capital industry, in<br>which a small number of firms each needed to invest<br>big sums in a handful of start-ups to have a chance at<br>significant returns.</p>\n<br><p id='94' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>5. The concentration of real expertise in how<br>to build start-ups, which in the United States was<br>mostly found in pockets on the East and West coasts.<br>(This is less an issue in Europe and other parts of the<br>world, but even overseas there are geographic entre-<br>preneurial hot spots.)</p>\n<br><h1 id='95' style='font-size:20px'>Traditional</h1>\n<p id='96' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The lean approach reduces the first two con-<br>straints by helping new ventures launch products<br>that customers actually want, far more quickly and<br>cheaply than traditional methods, and the third by<br>making start-ups less risky. And it has emerged at<br>a time when other business and technology trends<br>are likewise breaking down the barriers to start-up<br>formation. The combination of all these forces is al-<br>tering the entrepreneurial landscape.</p>\n<footer id='97' style='font-size:14px'>May 2013\u2002Harvard Business Review\u20027<br>This article is made available to you compliments of Mr. Steven Blank. Further posting, copying, or distributing is<br>copyright infringement.</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2108269, "type": "text", "content": "FOR ARTICLE REPRINTS CALL 800-988-0886 OR 617-783-7500, OR VISIT HBR.ORG\n\n\n# The Fallacy of the \nPerfect Business Plan\n\n\n \n\nAccording to conventional wisdom, the first thing \nevery founder must do is create a business plan\u2014a \nstatic document that describes the size of an oppor- \ntunity, the problem to be solved, and the solution that \nthe new venture will provide. Typically it includes a \nfive-year forecast for income, profits, and cash flow. \nA business plan is essentially a research exercise writ- \nten in isolation at a desk before an entrepreneur has \neven begun to build a product. The assumption is \nthat it\u2019s possible to figure out most of the unknowns \nof a business in advance, before you raise money and \nactually execute the idea.\n\n\n \n\nZEALAND\n\n\n \n\n# NEW\n\n\n \n\n# AUCKLAND,\n\n\n \n\nGALLERY,\n\n\n \n\nLANGSFORD\n\n\n \n\n# GOW\n\n\n \n\n2011,\n\n\n \n\nCODES,\n\n\n \n\nOnce an entrepreneur with a convincing business \nplan obtains money from investors, he or she begins \ndeveloping the product in a similarly insular fashion. \nDevelopers invest thousands of man-hours to get it \nready for launch, with little if any customer input. \nOnly after building and launching the product does \nthe venture get substantial feedback from custom- \ners\u2014when the sales force attempts to sell it. And too \noften, after months or even years of development, \nentrepreneurs learn the hard way that customers do \nnot need or want most of the product\u2019s features.\n\n\n# COLOUR\n\n\n \n\n# WORK,\n\n\n \n\nHER\n\n\n \n\nAfter decades of watching thousands of start-ups \nfollow this standard regimen, we\u2019ve now learned at \nleast three things:\n\n\n# WITH\n\n\n \n\nHUGHES\n\n\n \n\n1\\. Business plans rarely survive first contact with \ncustomers. As the boxer Mike Tyson once said about \nhis opponents\u2019 prefight strategies: \u201cEverybody has a \nplan until they get punched in the mouth.\u201d\n\n\n# SARA\n\n\n \n\nter plans. The ones that ultimately succeed go quickly \nfrom failure to failure, all the while adapting, iterat- \ning on, and improving their initial ideas as they con- \ntinually learn from customers.\n\n\nPHOTOGRAPHY:\n\n\n \n\nOne of the critical differences is that while exist- \ning companies execute a business model, start-ups \nlook for one. This distinction is at the heart of the \nlean start-up approach. It shapes the lean definition \nof a start-up: a temporary organization designed to \nsearch for a repeatable and scalable business model.\n\n\n \n\nThe lean method has three key principles: \nFirst, rather than engaging in months of planning \nand research, entrepreneurs accept that all they have \non day one is a series of untested hypotheses\u2014basi- \ncally, good guesses. So instead of writing an intricate \nbusiness plan, founders summarize their hypotheses \nin a framework called a business model canvas. Es- \nsentially, this is a diagram of how a company creates \nvalue for itself and its customers. (See the exhibit \n\u201cSketch Out Your Hypotheses.\u201d)\n\n\n2\\. No one besides venture capitalists and the late \nSoviet Union requires five-year plans to forecast \ncomplete unknowns. These plans are generally fic- \ntion, and dreaming them up is almost always a waste \nof time.\n\n\n \n\nSecond, lean start-ups use a \u201cget out of the build- \ning\u201d approach called customer development to test \ntheir hypotheses. They go out and ask potential us- \ners, purchasers, and partners for feedback on all ele- \nments of the business model, including product fea- \ntures, pricing, distribution channels, and affordable \ncustomer acquisition strategies. The emphasis is on \nnimbleness and speed: New ventures rapidly assem- \nble minimum viable products and immediately elicit \ncustomer feedback. Then, using customers\u2019 input to \nrevise their assumptions, they start the cycle over \nagain, testing redesigned offerings and making fur- \nther small adjustments (iterations) or more substan- \ntive ones (pivots) to ideas that aren\u2019t working. (See \nthe exhibit \u201cListen to Customers.\u201d)\n\n\n3\\. Start-ups are not smaller versions of large com- \npanies. They do not unfold in accordance with mas-\n\n\n \n\nThird, lean start-ups practice something called \nagile development, which originated in the software \nindustry. Agile development works hand-in-hand \nwith customer development. Unlike typical year-\n\n\nMay 2013 Harvard Business Review 5 \nThis article is made available to you compliments of Mr. Steven Blank. Further\nposting, copying, or distributing is \ncopyright infringement.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3179254, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='78' style='font-size:14px'>Techniques</header>\n<br><header id='79' style='font-size:14px'>Business Model Canvas</header>\n<caption id='80' style='font-size:16px'>Figure 10.8.1: Business Model Canvas</caption>\n<br><figure><img id='81' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"Key Key Value Customer Customer\nPartnerships Activities Proposition Relationships Segments\nKey Resources Channels\nCost Structure Revenue Streams\" data-coord=\"top-left:(341,149); bottom-right:(1094,598)\" /></figure>\n<p id='82' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>A business model canvas can be used as a diagnostic and planning tool regarding<br>strategy and initiatives. As a diagnostic tool, the various elements of the canvas<br>are used as a lens into the current state of the business, especially with regards to<br>the relative amounts of energy, time, and resources the organization is currently<br>investing in various areas. As a planning and monitoring tool, the canvas can be<br>used as a guideline and framework for understanding inter-dependencies and<br>priorities among groups and initiatives.</p>\n<br><p id='83' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>A business model canvas allows for the mapping of programs, projects, and other<br>initiatives (such as recruitment or talent retention) to the strategy of the<br>enterprise. In this capacity, the canvas can be used to view where the enterprise is<br>investing, where a particular initiative fits, and any related initiatives.</p>\n<br><p id='84' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>A business model canvas can also be used to demonstrate where the efforts of<br>various departments and work groups fit and align to the overall strategy of the<br>enterprise.</p>\n<h1 id='85' style='font-size:16px'>.1 Elements</h1>\n<h1 id='86' style='font-size:16px'>Key Partnerships</h1>\n<p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Key partnerships frequently involve some degree of sharing of proprietary<br>information, including technologies. An effective key partnership can, in some<br>cases, lead to more formalized relationships such as mergers and acquisitions.</p>\n<br><p id='88' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The benefits in engaging in key partnerships include:</p>\n<br><p id='89' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 optimization and economy,<br>\u2022 reduction of risk and uncertainty,<br>\u2022 acquisition of particular resources and activities, and<br>\u2022 lack of internal capabilities.</p>\n<p id='90' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>237</p>\n<br><footer id='91' style='font-size:20px'>Complimentary<br>IIBA\u00ae<br>Member<br>Copy.<br>Not<br>for<br>Distribution<br>or<br>Resale.</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	How might the Business Model Canvas be adjusted when applied to a rapidly changing tech startup versus an established manufacturing company?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 376, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 73327, "type": "text", "content": "560\n\n\n \nMao J Y, et al. Sci China Earth Sci April (2012) Vol.55 No.4\n\n\nFigure 4 Climatological distributions of amplitude and phase of diurnal \nprecipitation. (a) Relative amplitude (%), with the red square denoting the \nselected subarea used in Figure 5 to take area-average and the geographical \nlocation; (b) absolute amplitude (mm h\u20131); (c) phase (LST (h)) when max- \nimum precipitation occurs.\n\n\nmaximum mainly occurs over the oceanic regions of the \nSCS, northern BOB, and eastern Arabian Sea. The after- \nnoon peak (1500\u20131800 LST) of the continental regime is \nparticularly evident over the eastern China, northern and \ncentral Tibetan Plateau, coasts of the Indochina Peninsula \nand northern Indian Peninsula, and this feature is similar to \nthe situation over the southeastern United State [17]. How- \never, over the central Indochina Peninsula and central and \nsouthern Indian Peninsula the diurnal phase is delayed to \nlate evening-midnight (2100\u20130000 LST). Note that the \nphase is earlier over the northern India than over the central \nIndia, implying that the diurnal phase of rainfall possibly \npropagates southward.\n\n\n \n\nAbsolute amplitudes (Figure 4(b)) exhibit a similar dis- \ntribution to the relative amplitudes (Figure 4(a)). As sug- \ngested by Kikuchi and Wang [45], the pattern of absolute \namplitudes essentially follows the distribution of the cli- \nmatological summer rainfall (Figure 1(b)). But the absolute \namplitude distribution highlights the land-sea contrast in \nthe atmospheric response to solar radiation forcing. Gener- \nally, absolute amplitude is much large over coastal land \nareas (e.g. southeastern China, southern Indochina penin- \nsula, northeastern India). Note that some ocean areas adja- \ncent to continents also have relatively large absolute am- \nplitude such as the northwestern BOB and the Indonesian \nMaritime Continent, indicating the offshore phase propaga- \ntion with rainfall peak expanding from land to adjacent \nocean [29, 45].\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2745554, "type": "text", "content": "# 4 Drought Monitoring and Flood Assessment Using \nSPI Indicator\n\n\nThe Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) was derived from satellite rainfall\ndata by a method \ndeveloped by the University of California at Irvine (UCI). The SPI helps\ndetermine the frequency \nand magnitude of major wet and dry periods in the time frame of consideration\n(July to \nDecember 2020). The feature of this SPI method is that data are standardised\n(mean = 0 and \nstandard deviations from the mean show increasingly severe levels of\nprecipitation anomaly). \nFurthermore, since the SPI has both positive and negative values, it equally\nrepresents potential \nflood and/or drought periods. Therefore SPI-1, 2 or 3 (1, 2 or 3-month SPI)\ncan be a good \nindicator of hydrological drought, or increased flood risk potential.\n\n\nT he meteorological (SPI) indicator (see Figure 8) shows that the LMB\nexperienced moderate to \nsevere drought during July 2020 in some areas in the northern, central, and\nsouthern parts of \nthe region. In August, the LMB experienced some moderate and severe dry\nconditions only in \nsome areas of the southern part, mainly in Cambodia. However, the three-month\nSPIs, both \nJuly\u2013September and October\u2013December, and the six-month SPI from July to\nDecember show \nonly average and above average precipitation compared to its LTA (see Figure\n9).\n\n\nW ithin the MRCS, the SPI indicators are applied through a combined drought\nindex (a \ncombination of meteorological SPI and agricultural SMA indicators). Figure 10\nshows moderate \nand severe droughts in July covering parts of Thailand, Lao PDR, and northern\nCambodia. In \nAugust, moderate and severe drought took place only in some areas of the\nsouthern part of the \nLMB. The low flow in the Mekong mainstream and lowest reverse flow into the\nTonle Sap Lake \nare likely associated with this drought condition.\n\n\nA preliminary flooding assessment was made to compare the SPI-1 indicator (see\nFigure 8) with \nactual flooding. In the 2020 wet season, flood took place in tributary basins\nduring September \nand October when the SPI-1 maps indicated very and extremely wet areas over\nthe southern \npart of Lao PDR, Chi and Mun basins of Thailand, central part/highland of Viet\nNam, and \nnorthern Cambodia. The tropical storms caused prolonged rainfall, resulting in\nsaturated soil \nsurface and surface runoff which consequently caused flash flood and river\nflood in the \ntributary systems.\n\n\nT he SPI-1 for July shows that the LMB was generally near normal, with\nmoderate and severely \ndry in some parts of Thailand, Lao PDR and Cambodia. In August, the SPI-1\nindicates that much \nof the LMB was still near normal. The total rainfall in August was near\naverage (see \nFigure 18), bringing the flow of the Mekong mainstream to a state within the\nchannel capacity. \nUsually, heavy rainfall in upper LMB tends to create bank-full flow in the\nmainstream in the \nmiddle reaches of the LMB (such as Vientiane, Nong Khai, Bueng Kan and Nakhon\nPhanom). \nDue to average rainfall in August and September, the mainstream flow did not\novertop the \nbanks this year. However, with very wet and severely wet in October (SPI-1 for\nOctober), \nflooding in tributary basins were observed in many parts of the basin.\nNational and regional \nnews reported hundreds of thousands of people affected, thousands displaced\nand hundred\n\n\n11\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2745561, "type": "text", "content": "# References\n\n\nA llen, D. J., Smith, K. G., & Darwall, W. R. T. (2012). The status and\ndistribution of freshwater \nbiodiversity in Indo-Burma. International Union for Conservation of Nature. \nFloodlist. (2020, 9 October). Vietnam: 14,000 evacuated from floods in Central\nprovinces. \nFloodList. Accessed on 31 March 2021 at https://bit.ly/3yrSTpq \nFloodlist. (2020, 11 October). Cambodia: Widespread flooding leaves 10 dead.\nFloodList. \nAccessed on 23 April 2021 at https://bit.ly/2QzkpAp \nFloodlist. (2020, 14 October). Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam: Floods leave over\n40 dead, dozens \nmissing as storm \u2018Nangka\u2019 approaches. FloodList. Accessed on 23 April 2021 at \nhttps://bit.ly/3f2Lo0v \nFloodlist. (2020, 19 October). Cambodia: Floods affect over 240,000 in 19\nprovinces. FloodList. \nAccessed on 31 March 2021 at https://bit.ly/3u2sR94 \nFloodlist. (2020, 22 September). Cambodia: Rain from tropical storm Noul\ntriggers floods in 5 \nprovinces. FloodList. Accessed on 31 March 2021 at https://bit.ly/3ysWKCD \nHaffner, A. (2020, 11 August). Cambodia in quarantine: Finding a pulse.\nSoutheast Asia Globe. \nAccessed on 20 April 2021 at https://bit.ly/340fDyQ \nHollingsworth, J. (2020, 21 October). More than 100 dead as Vietnam reels from\n\u2018worst floods \nin decades\u2019. CNN. Accessed on 23 April 2021 at https://cnn.it/33WwZwy \nIFRC. (2020). Emergency Plan of Action (EPoA) - Lao People\u2019s Democratic\nRepublic: Floods. \nOCHA-Services-Reliefweb. Accessed on 31 March 2021 at https://bit.ly/3bEMzBs \nJMA, & WMO. (2021). El Ni\u00f1o monitoring and outlook. Tokyo Climate Center,\nClimate Prediction \nDivision. Accessed on 31 March 2021 at https://bit.ly/343h7IN \nKummu, M., Tes, S., Yin, S., Adamson, P., J\u00f3zsa, J., Koponen, J., Richey, J.,\n& Sarkkula, J. (2014). \nWater balance analysis for the Tonle Sap Lake\u2013floodplain system. Hydrol.\nProcess., 28, \n1722\u20131733. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9718 \nMRC. (2005). Overview of the hydrology of the Mekong Basin. MRC Secretariat.\nAvailable from \nhttps://bit.ly/3cZLum1 \nMRC. (2006). Procedures for the Maintenance of Flows on the Mainstream.\nVientiane: MRC \nSecretariat. Available from https://bit.ly/3v7HyJ2 \nMRC. (2016). Implementation report for 2011-2015 on the Procedures for the\nMaintenance of \nFlows on the Mainstream (PMFM). \nMRC. (2017). Thematic report on the positive and negative impacts of\nhydropower development \non the social, environmental, and economic conditions of the Lower Mekong\nRiver Basin \n(The Study on the Sustainable Management and Development of the Mekong River \nBasin, including Impacts of Mainstream Hydropower Projects, Issue. Available\nfrom \nhttps://bit.ly/3f4GZdm \nMRC. (2021). The integrated water resources management\u2013based Basin Development\nStrategy \nfor the Lower Mekong Basin 2021\u20132030 and the MRC Strategic Plan 2021\u20132025. MRC \nSecretariat. Available from https://bit.ly/3ogjKAj \nPost Reporters. (2020, 18 October). Flood prompts evacuation of villagers as\ndam overflows. \nBangkok Post. Accessed on 31 March 2021 at https://bit.ly/3wiT3NX \nPoulsen, A. F., Ouch, P., Sintavong, V., Ubolratana, S., & Tung, N. T. (2002).\nFish migrations of \nthe Lower Mekong River Basin: Implications for development, planning and \nenvironmental management (MRC Technical Paper No. 8). MRC Secretariat.\n\n\n18\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1976982, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='69' style='font-size:14px'>Chapter 2</header>\n<br><header id='70' style='font-size:14px'>Study Area and Methods</header>\n<p id='71' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>recorded on the 5th December 2005 (124 mm of rain; see Chapter 6), when high winds<br>caused many trees to fall. The many tree falls during windy conditions in the peat-swamp<br>was due to a combination of reasons: (i) logging, which opened up the canopy so that<br>exposed trees received the full force of the winds, (ii) the shallow root system of most<br>peat-swamp species, (iii) the peat itself is a low density substrate, thus providing little<br>counter-resistance to the wind and (iv) peat drainage from illegal logging canals which<br>aerates the top surface, which oxidises and degrades as a result. As the peat degrades, the<br>surface area becomes unstable, and tree roots are undermined.</p>\n<p id='72' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>T he average minimum temperature was 22.2oC and the average maximum was 29.4oC<br>(Figure 2.5). The highest shade temperature was recorded on August 17th 2004, when it<br>reached 38oC, and the lowest, 18oC was recorded during the night of April 18th 2004. The<br>lowest temperatures were usually recorded on days when it rained, due to cloud cover.<br>Smoke from the forest fires often blocked out direct sunlight during the dry season.</p>\n<figure data-category='chart'><img id='73' style='font-size:20px' alt=\"700\n600\n500\nrainfall 400\nTotal 300\n200\n100\n0\nSep-03 ct-03 ov-03 ec-03 Jan-04 Feb-04 ar-04 pr-04 ay-04 Jun-04 Jul-04 ug-04 Sep-04 ct-04 ov-04 ec-04 Jan-05 Feb-05 ar-05 pr-05 ay-05 Jun-05 July-05 ug-05\nO N D\nO N D\nM A M\nM A M\nA\nA\" data-coord=\"top-left:(205,805); bottom-right:(1011,1181)\" /></figure>\n<br><caption id='74' style='font-size:16px'>Figure 2.4 Monthly rainfall in mm in the Sabangau Forest from September 2003 to August<br>2005.</caption>\n<footer id='75' style='font-size:14px'>40</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 73326, "type": "text", "content": "Mao J Y, et al. Sci China Earth Sci April (2012) Vol.55 No.4\n\n\n \n559\n\n\nand northern Indian continent, pronounced rainfall mainly \noccurs from afternoon to midnight (1500\u20130000 LST), while \nover the oceanic area of the northeastern BOB rainfall \nmaximum seems to arise till noon. Over the coastal areas, \nthe intensities of precipitation are different from different \nobservational times. Kikuchi and Wang [45] suggested that \nthere are two kinds of coastal diurnal regime, with the pre- \ncipitation peaks propagating seaward or landward (as dis- \ncussed in sections 3 and 4).\n\n\n \n\nAt the diurnal time scale, the day-night variation is the \nprominent variability mode over most regions. Figure 3 \ndisplays the distributions of daytime and nighttime rainfall \naccumulations as well as the ratios of daytime to nighttime \nrainfall accumulations. At the planetary space scale, alt-\n\n\n \nFigure 3 (a) Accumulated precipitation rate (mm h\u20131) for daytime (0900 \u2013 \n1800 LST); (b) accumulated precipitation rate (mm h\u20131) for nighttime \n(2100\u20130600 LST); (c) the ratio of daytime to nighttime precipitation \naccumulations, with the magnitude of such a unitless ratio indicated by \ncolor bar.\n\n\n \n\nhough the daytime and nighttime rainfall distribution pat- \nterns are similar, significant regional day-night variations \nexist in the climatologically heavy precipitation zones such \nas the BOB, SCS, equatorial western Pacific, and Maritime \nContinent (Figure 3(a), (b)). On the other hand, the ratios of \nday-night variations are evidently different for some specif- \nic regions (Figure 3(c)). Over oceanic areas, the ratios are \nless than 1.0 over the western Pacific ITCZ zone (indicating \nless rainfall in daytime than in nighttime), while the ratios \nare greater than 1.0 over the SCS, BOB, and eastern Arabi- \nan Sea, signifying more rainfall in daytime than in nighttime \nover these areas. The daytime rainfall is also more than the \nnighttime precipitation over the major western Pacific under \nthe influence of the subtropical high, although the precipita- \ntion amounts are usually not much larger there. These facts \ndemonstrate that the characteristics of diurnal variations of \nprecipitation over the tropical oceans in the Asian monsoon \nregion (e.g. the SCS, BOB, and eastern Arabian Sea) are \ndifferent from over other oceans. Over continental areas, the \nrainfall occurs more frequently in daytime than in nighttime \nover most of eastern China, while opposite situation appears \nover the Indian continent and central Indochina Peninsula. \nNote that the ratios are less than 1.0 over the central and \neastern Tibetan Plateau, but large errors also appear in pre- \ncipitation data over there, suggesting that such results need \nto be further validated. Fu et al. [14] found that the TRMM \nalgorithm might have misclassified weak convections as \nstratiform rains over the Tibetan Plateau. It is thus obvious \nthat the features of diurnal precipitation around the Tibetan \nPlateau are more complicated than over other low-altitude \nregions. The above facts indicate that large regional differ- \nences of diurnal precipitation also exist over the Asian \nmonsoon continents.\n\n\n2.2 Amplitude and phase of diurnal precipitation\n\n\n \n\nTo elucidate the timing of the maximum rainfall occurrence, \nFigure 4 shows the spatial distributions of amplitude and \nphase of diurnal precipitation. Strong diurnal variations with \nrelative amplitudes greater than 40% are observed over \nmost of continental and coastal regions including Indone- \nsian archipelago and adjacent oceans, in which the relative \namplitudes even exceed 100% over coastal continents such \nas southeastern China and Indochina Peninsula (Figure 4(a)). \nNote that the weak diurnal variations with relative ampli- \ntudes less than 40% exist mainly over the western Pacific \nand most of Indian Ocean except for BOB. Topographic im- \npacts on diurnal amplitudes will be discussed in section 3.\n\n\n \n\nThe spatial distributions of diurnal phase of precipitation \n(Figure 4(c)) show that the early morning rainfall peak \n(0000\u20130600 LST) exists primarily over the oceanic ITCZ in \nwestern Pacific, Kalimantan Island, western and southern \nSumatra, equatorial Indian Ocean, southern and central In- \ndian Peninsula, southern Tibetan Plateau and Sichuan Basin \nin China. From late morning to early afternoon, rainfall\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 73329, "type": "text", "content": "Mao J Y, et al. Sci China Earth Sci April (2012) Vol.55 No.4\n\n\n \n561\n\n\n \nFigure 5 Diurnal cycles of area-averaged precipitation rate (mm h\u20131) over the\nselected subareas outlined in Figure 4. (a) Oceanic region of southwestern \nBay of Bengal (12\u00b0\u201314\u00b0N, 81\u00b0\u201383\u00b0E); (b) continental region of northeastern\nIndian Peninsula (22\u00b0\u201324\u00b0N, 84\u00b0\u201386\u00b0E); (c) continental region of northwestern \nIndochina Peninsula (18\u00b0\u201320\u00b0N, 94\u00b0\u201396\u00b0E); (d) continental region of southern\nIndochina Peninsula (11\u00b0\u201313\u00b0N, 105\u00b0\u2013107\u00b0E); (e) continental region of \nsouthern China (22\u00b0\u201324\u00b0N, 111\u00b0\u2013113\u00b0E); (f) continental region of northern\nKalimantan (2\u00b0\u20134\u00b0N, 115\u00b0\u2013117\u00b0E).\n\n\n3 Topographic influences on the diurnal varia- \ntions of precipitation\n\n\n \n\nFigure 1 (a) and (b) shows a heavy precipitation center over \nthe western coasts of the Indian Peninsula and over the In- \ndochina Peninsula, respectively. Such a phenomenon is also \npronounced in 3-h precipitation evolutions (Figure 2), alt- \nhough the rainfall intensity varies with time. This feature is \nobviously related to the unique geographical state in the \nsouthern portion of Asia. Here there are not only plane- \ntary-scale meridional and zonal land-sea thermal contrasts \n(between the Eurasian Continent and the Indian Ocean and \nbetween the Eurasian Continent and the Pacific Ocean) but \nalso the synoptic-scale land-sea thermal contrasts between \ngulfs and peninsulas. The Arabian Sea, Indian Peninsula, \nBOB, Indochina Peninsula, and SCS are located alternately \nin the southern portion of Asia (10\u00b0\u201325\u00b0N), producing re- \nmarkable in situ land-sea breezes, thereby leading to signif- \nicant diurnal variations of precipitation. Moreover, the \nmodifying effect of such local land-sea breezes on large- \nscale monsoonal southwesterlies may also be different due\n\n\n \n\nto different terrain altitudes. To highlight orographic influ- \nences on diurnal precipitation variations, Figure 6 presents \nthe longitude-time cross section of precipitation rate aver- \naged between 14\u00b0\u201316\u00b0N. Along the land-sea boundary \n(about 75\u00b0E) of the western Indian Peninsula and the west- \nern coast (about 120\u00b0E) of Philippines, the rainfall rate for \neach 3-h is very large, but the amplitude of diurnal variation \nis weak. However, along the land-sea boundary (about 95\u00b0E) \nof the western Indochina Peninsula, both rainfall intensity \nand amplitude in the diurnal cycle are very large, with \nstrong precipitation sustaining for a longer period (0000\u2013 \n1200 LST). Over the Indian continent (75\u00b0\u201380\u00b0E), although \nthe rainfall rate for each 3-h is very small, the diurnal varia- \ntions are pronounced, with peak phase occurring from 2100 \nto 0000 LST. Over the central Indochina continent (100\u00b0\u2013 \n105\u00b0E), almost no rainfall arises in the morning, while \nmoderate precipitation (about 0.3 mm h\u20131) occurs in the \nafternoon. For the eastern Indochina continent (105\u00b0\u2013 \n110\u00b0E), the diurnal variations are very prominent, with \nheavy rainfall occurring mainly in late afternoon-to- \nmidnight period (1800\u20130300 LST) and with the weakest\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1352911, "type": "text", "content": "Vol 1 Issue 1\n\n\n \nApril 2012\n\n\n# Melville-Hall Airport:\n\n\nNormal rainfall is 244.5mm with 17 rainfall \ndays. There is a 53% chance of getting at least \n5-days dry spell and a 17% chance of at least 10- \ndays dry spell. Average daily temperature is \n28.0\u00b0C while the average maximum is \n31.2\u00b0Cand the average minimum is 21.6\u00b0C.\n\n\nREGIONAL OVERVIEW ON SEASONAL \nCLIMATE FORECASTS\n\n\nFigure 2: Precipitation outlook for the Caribbean; May- \nJune-July 2012\n\n\n(cid:1) Models are indicating that during the \nperiod May-June-July, rainfall over \nDominica is likely to be near normal with \na slight tendency to below normal. \n(cid:1) For this period, there is a 25% chance that \nrainfall total will be above normal, a 40% \nchance of being near normal and a 35% of \nbeing below normal. \n(cid:1) Air temperature at 2m should be trending \nfrom slightly above normal down to \nslightly below normal as one move from \nnorth to south across the region for the\n\n\n \n\nperiod May to July. Current sea surface \ntemperature observations and predictions \nfurther suggest that surface waters in the \nregion will be cooler than in past two years, \npossibly hindering some convective activity this \ntime around.\n\n\nOUTLOOK FOR THE FARMING \nCOMMUNITY\n\n\nConsidering the probabilities of at least 5-day \ndry spells especially on the western coast of the \nisland, farmers are encouraged harvest rain \nwater for irrigation purposes in the event of \nthese dry spells. Additionally, farmers may \nundertake various mulching practices and the \nuse of compost material to preserve soil \nmoisture.\n\n\nAs the rainy season approaches, the chance of \nweather systems moving across the area \nincreases. Farmers should pay attention to \nthese as extreme rainfall events may result in \nwaterlogged soils, landslides and flooding. Farm \npractices should also be undertaken to reduce \nsoil erosion and improve drainage.\n\n\n# MOON PHASES\n\n\nT he bulletin is prepared by The Dominica Meteorological Service with support\nfrom the CAMI project and the Ministry of \nAgriculture. Feedback on this bulletin should be forwarded to The Senior\nMeteorological Officer at metoffice@cwdom.dm. \nTel: 767-445-7878/767-449-1990. Website: www.weather.gov.dm Hotline: 447 5555\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1765602, "type": "html", "content": "<br><p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>year 2015 for NTUS station there are 525, 120 valid data<br>points. Out of these, there are only 5, 017 data points with rain,<br>referred to as minority cases, whereas there are 520, 103 data<br>points without rain (majority cases). The minority to majority<br>ratio here is nearly 1 : 104, which poses the problem of a<br>highly imbalanced dataset. Training a model with such skewed<br>data (skewed towards non-rain data points) would result in<br>a biased model, which is dominated by the characteristics<br>of the majority database [30], [31], and compromises the<br>generalization ability of the algorithm [32].</p>\n<br><p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Therefore, we employ a downsampling technique that bal-<br>ances the number of positive and negative labels. We consider<br>all the cases from the minority scenario and the cases from<br>majority scenario are randomly chosen such that the minority<br>to majority ratio is balanced. There is a general practice to<br>make the ratio 1 : 1, but other ratios can also be considered<br>[33]. All the prediction results presented in this paper are after<br>implementing the downsampling technique. In tests without<br>downsampling, the accuracy of the algorithm dropped and the<br>con\ufb01dence interval range increased signi\ufb01cantly.</p>\n<p id='51' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>IV. FEATURE IDENTIFICATION & CORRELATION</p>\n<br><p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>A. Features</p>\n<br><p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>We identify \ufb01ve important weather features: T , RH, SR,<br>DP T and P W V . These weather features have inherent diur-<br>nal and seasonal properties, which can be helpful in rainfall<br>prediction.</p>\n<br><p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>In addition, identify the seasonal and diurnal features for<br>our proposed task. In the tropical climate of Singapore, four<br>main seasons are experienced \u2013 North-East (NE) Monsoon<br>from November to March, First-Inter (FI) Monsoon from April<br>to May, South-West (SW) Monsoon from June to October,<br>and Second-Inter (SI) Monsoon from October to November.<br>The occurrence of different seasons changes slightly from<br>year to year as reported in the yearly weather report [34].<br>The rainfall pattern shows some correlation with the seasons.<br>We often experience late afternoon showers during the NE<br>Monsoon. Sumatra squalls are experienced during pre-dawn to<br>midday, and short-lived rainfall often takes place in the after-<br>noon during the SW Monsoon. During inter-monsoon seasons,<br>afternoon to early evening rain events are common [34], [35].<br>Therefore, we consider day-of-year (DoY ) as a feature that<br>takes the seasonal effect into consideration.</p>\n<br><p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The diurnal characteristics of all the features can be clearly<br>observed in the time series observation from Fig. 3, which<br>will be discussed in detail in Section IV-C. We consider hour-<br>of-day (HoD) as a feature that takes the diurnal effect into<br>consideration.</p>\n<br><p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>For HoD feature, the hour values reset after every 24 hours,<br>and for the DoY feature the number of days resets after<br>every 365 days (366 for leap years). Thus, the DoY and the<br>HoD features are both cyclic in nature, as the same values<br>repeat after a speci\ufb01c period of time. Therefore, each of these<br>features DoY and HoD are expressed into its sine and the<br>cosine components so that their cyclic properties are properly<br>captured. Eq. (3) and (4) are used for expressing the feature<br>HoD into its sine and cosine components; HoDx and HoDy</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 73325, "type": "text", "content": "558\n\n\n \nMao J Y, et al. Sci China Earth Sci April (2012) Vol.55 No.4\n\n\nFigure 2 The diurnal cycle of climatological summer precipitation rate (mm\nh\u20131) indicated by different LSTs (h).\n\n\nRmax the maximum precipitation rate, and Rmean the daily \nmean of precipitation rate. Note that such normalized am- \nplitude can decrease the impact of different climate back- \ngrounds on the diurnal range, but it is not suitable for the \narea with very small daily mean of precipitation rate.\n\n\n \n\nThe diurnal phase is defined as the LST when the maxi- \nmum precipitation occurs in the diurnal cycle.\n\n\n2 Diurnal variability of precipitation\n\n\n \n\n2.1 Day-night variations\n\n\n \n\nFigure 2 shows the diurnal cycle of climatological summer\n\n\n \n\nprecipitation rate over the Asian monsoon region. The pre- \ncipitation rate over western Pacific east of Philippines is \nevidently stronger in midnight-to-early morning hours \n(0000\u20130600 LST) than in afternoon-to-late evening hours \n(1500\u20132100 LST), indicating an oceanic diurnal regime for \nopen ocean areas characterized by an midnight-to-early \nmorning peak [27, 45]. In contrast, the maximum precipita- \ntion is observed over land areas including the Indochina \nPeninsula and southern China from 1500 to 2100 LST, with \nalmost no rainfall for the period 0000\u20130600 LST, repre- \nsenting a typical continental regime characterized by an \nafternoon-late evening peak [28]. Note that over the central\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 73328, "type": "text", "content": " \n\nTo further examine the regional difference of diurnal \nprecipitation, six sub-regions with strong diurnal variations \nof the relative amplitude greater than 100% are selected to \nanalyze the timing of the minimum rainfall occurrence. The \ntime series (Figure 5) of precipitation rate show that the \ndiurnal cycle for most sub-regions is characterized by a si- \nnusoidal curve containing a maximum value and a mini- \nmum value. Daily mean rainfall over the oceanic area of \nsouthwestern BOB is not much larger (about 0.2 mm h\u20131), \nwith maximum rainfall rate being only 0.4 mm h\u20131 (Figure \n5(a)), which is due mainly to that this area is located east of \nsouthern Indian Peninsula (the leeward side of the conti- \nnent), unfavorable for large-scale monsoonal precipitation. \nNote that the maximum rainfall occurs in the morning (0600 \nLST), while the minimum rainfall appears in the late after- \nnoon to evening (1800\u20132100 LST). This is typical situation \nresulting from local land-sea breezes, in which cloud- \nradiation feedback possibly plays a dominant role [28]. \nAlthough the precipitation peaks all occur in the late after- \nnoon (1800 LST) over land areas on both western and east- \nern sides of the northern BOB (Figure 5(b), (c)), the mini- \nmum rainfall over the northeastern Indian continent (Figure \n5(b)) appears in the morning (0900 LST), with the weakest \nrainfall keeping above 0.2 mm h\u20131 over the northwestern \nIndochina Peninsula (Figure 5(c)). The largest amplitude is \npresent over the southern Indochina Peninsula (Figure 5(d)), \nwith the minimum precipitation occurring in the morning \n(0900 LST) and with the heaviest rainfall in magnitude of \n0.9 mm h\u20131 occurring in the late afternoon (1800 LST). The \ndiurnal cycle over the southern China (Figure 5(e)) is simi- \nlar to that over the northwestern Indochina Peninsula (Fig- \nure 5(c)), except that the occurrence of the maximum is \nearlier over the former (1500 LST) than over the latter. \nThese facts reflect the common feature of the diurnal pre- \ncipitation over the tropical continents that the maxima occur \nfrom afternoon to evening, but the phases of the minimum \nrainfall occurrence are different. Over the northern Kali- \nmantan (Figure 5(f)), the heaviest rainfall occurs in the \nmidnight (0000 LST), while the weakest precipitation ap- \npears in the noon (1200 LST).\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}]	Determine the best time to plan an outdoor event in southern Indochina Peninsula considering rainfall minima and maxima times.	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 382, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 2196313, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='75' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>In single-winner elections, instant-runo\ufb00 ranked choice voting reduces vote-splitting<br>between like-minded candidates (also known as \u201cthe spoiler e\ufb00ect\u201d) in a plurality<br>count.<br>In a single-winner election, STV is equivalent to instant-runo\ufb00 voting.<br>In multi-winner elections, STV yields proportional representation of a whole body,<br>based on the strength of preference of its members.<br>Digital voting solutions are increasingly considered best practice in DSA elections, the<br>necessary fees are a small price for the membership\u02bcs con\ufb01dence in election results,<br>and free tiers are available for small chapters.</p>\n<h1 id='76' style='font-size:18px'>Amended Language:</h1>\n<p id='77' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Democratic Socialists of America resolves to eliminate \ufb01rst-past-the-post and plurality<br>voting at all levels of democratic organization, from government to groups like ours, in<br>favor of ranked choice voting.</p>\n<p id='78' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Amend Article VIII, Section 2 of the Constitution of Democratic Socialists of America to<br>read:</p>\n<h1 id='79' style='font-size:18px'>Section 2.</h1>\n<br><p id='80' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The members of the NPC shall be one representative of the Youth Section<br>and 16 delegates elected at the national convention. All NPC elections shall<br>be conducted by Single Transferable Vote. Of the elected members, no more<br>than eight shall be men and at least \ufb01ve shall be racial or national<br>minority members of DSA. In the event that these minority positions are<br>not \ufb01lled at the Convention, the position(s) shall be \ufb01lled by the NPC,<br>except that only minority members of DSA may be elected to \ufb01ll such<br>vacancies. In case of other such vacancies, except a vacancy of the Youth<br>Section Representative, the NPC shall appoint a member of the<br>organization in good standing to serve until the next Convention. No<br>person shall serve simultaneously on the National Sta\ufb00 and the NPC.</p>\n<p id='81' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Amend Article VIII, Section 3 of the Constitution of Democratic Socialists of America to<br>read:</p>\n<p id='82' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Section 3.</p>\n<footer id='83' style='font-size:18px'>159</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2001846, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='18' style='font-size:20px'>Electoral systems and women\u2019s chances to be elected</h1>\n<p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Electoral systems influence the chances of women being elected. Countries with proportional<br>representation (PR) tend to have more women elected than those with a winner-takes-all<br>majoritarian or plurality single-member district system, that is, first-past-the-post (FPTP). In PR<br>systems, where seats are allocated according to the percentage of votes received, parties try to<br>balance the field of candidates to appeal to a variety of groups in society, such as women (who<br>happen to comprise more than half of the population), without leaving men out, as would be<br>the case in a majority system. In other words, as is often argued, parties in PR systems risk less<br>when fielding equal numbers of female and male candidates in elections. In majority systems,<br>the motivation is different: parties field candidates who, in their view, have a greater chance of<br>winning the most votes. In most of these cases, the party leadership chooses male candidates.3 In<br>this regard, the deputy speaker of parliament in Malawi, Esther Mcheka-Chilena, emphasised that<br>the first-past-the-post-voting system makes it hard for women to win seats as it pits them against<br>male candidates who have more resources (Chakamba 2017).</p>\n<header id='20' style='font-size:18px'>120</header>\n<br><p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Another important reason why PR systems can help women is that a process of \u2018contagion\u2019<br>(where parties adopt policies initiated by other parties, for example, nominating a percentage of<br>women as candidates) is more likely to occur in a PR system than in a majority or plurality system.<br>For parties competing in a PR system, the cost of adopting such a policy would be lower than the<br>cost for parties competing in a majority/plurality system and the gains could be greater (Maitland<br>2014: 101-102).4</p>\n<br><p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>121</p>\n<p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>However, some PR systems are preferable to others. The most advantageous PR system for<br>women is where the whole country is one electoral district, provided that women occupy a<br>\u2018winnable\u2019 place on the party list (with a zebra-style 50 per cent representation on party lists being</p>\n<p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>3 This was clearly evident in, for example, the gender outcome of the 2016 local elections in South Africa where the electoral<br>system is a combination of proportional representation and the FPTP system - 50 per cent of representatives are elected in<br>ward elections and 50 per cent are elected from a proportional closed list. The percentage of ANC women in proportional<br>seats is 48 per cent, compared with only 33 per cent women in ward seats (Sadie 2017: 49-50).<br>4 This contagion effect has, for example, been evident in the party lists of opposition parties in South Africa since the 2004<br>elections. The ANC has been the only party with an informal 50 per cent quota, but it seemed the party\u2019s quota system has<br>had a contagion effect on the party lists of opposition parties (see Sadie 2017: 49; Rama and Lowe Morna 2019).</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3458167, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='8' style='font-size:20px'>ABSTRACT:</h1>\n<p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>T he Elections for European Parliament lack focus on Europe. They are run nationally, by national<br>politicians on national campaign platforms focusing on national issues. With our proposal, this could<br>be changed easily.</p>\n<br><p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Without being a counterproposal, this proposal contains an alternative approach to the widely<br>known and advertised introduction of transnational electoral list. While the initial scope of<br>Transnational Electoral List proposal only influences up to 10% of seats of the European parliament,<br>this proposal is expected to impact the campaign for every single EP seat and therefore at least have<br>a comparable enhancing effect on the elections as well as the European body politics. At the same<br>time, it can be expected to face a significantly lower extent of formal and legal introductory hurdles.</p>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The expected positive impact of Transnational Electoral Lists on European elections rests on two<br>columns:</p>\n<br><p id='12' data-category='list' style='font-size:18px'>\u2022 Column 1 being the actual transnational list of European candidates eligible from citizens in<br>every member state.<br>\u2022 Column 2 is much less advertised. It is the obvious fact that a European transnational list will<br>need to have a common campaign platform, focusing primarily on issues of European<br>relevance considered to be acceptable as well as necessary by all candidates on the list<br>whichever member state they hail from.</p>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The enhancing effect on elections to European Parliament is primarily the result of column 2: A<br>common European political Platform associated with all candidates on the list, making it possible to<br>put forward a Lead Candidate (Spitzenkandidat) without forcing this person to put his/her name on<br>27 different partially conflicting national programs. Column 1, even though desirable, brings with it a<br>multiplicity of obstacles: Issues with composition of parliament, sequence of national candidates on<br>list, regional representation, legal changes up to required constitutional changes in some member<br>countries. It is column 1 that is in the way of getting Transnational Electoral Lists approved.</p>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>This perspective is backed up by a reflection on the system for federal elections in Germany. German<br>political parties do not have national election lists. Each state has its own list of candidates. But they<br>all campaign on a common national platform and jointly present a Lead Candidate for chancellor.</p>\n<br><p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Building preeminently on the positive effects Column 2 this proposal avoids almost all the obstacles<br>to introduction associated with Column 1. Instead, this proposal brings European focus to<br>campaigns for European Parliament, it fosters a European public sphere, it supports the Lead<br>Candidate Concept, it strengthens Parliament and by reducing the frequently confusing complexity<br>of political maneuvering in Parliament it brings European Political Parties, European Parliament<br>and its political groups closer to the European citizen.</p>\n<br><p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Lastly this proposal suggests leverage for its implementation: Making the establishment of a<br>Political Group in the European Parliament contingent on having run a campaign on a common<br>platform. This condition can be implemented by simple change of the Rules of Procedure of the<br>European Parliament (change of Rule 33).</p>\n<p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>MeetEU partners with the European Parliament\u2019s together.eu campaign. This<br>follow-up to the successful #thistimeimvoting campaign aims to raise<br>democratic participation across Europe</p>\n<br><footer id='18' style='font-size:16px'>2</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3458151, "type": "text", "content": "This document is a working paper: - outlining the proposal, - reviewing\nbenefits and shortcomings,\n\n\n\\- exploring introductory hurdles as well as\n\n\n\\- documenting related considerations\n\n\n \n\n\\- being updated continuously according to new insights\n\n\n \n\n# 1\\. Abbreviations\n\n\n \n\n# The following abbreviations will be used.\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 TEL Transnational Electoral Lists \n\u2022 TLP Transnational List Proposal \n\u2022 TCPP Transnational Campaign Platform Proposal \n\u2022 LCC Lead candidate concept \n\u2022 LC Lead candidate \n\u2022 EuPoPa European Political Party \n\u2022 EPPG Political Group of the European Parliament \n\u2022 EP European Parliament \n\u2022 RPEP Rules of Procedure of European Parliament \n\u2022 EPP European Peoples Party \n\u2022 S&D; Socialists & Democrats\n\n\n# 2\\. Status Quo\n\n\n \n\nAspect 1. The problem we want to address: It is our perception that Elections\nfor European Parliament \nlack focus on Europe and issues of European importance. They are run\nnationally, by national \npoliticians on national campaign platforms focusing on national issues. In the\nnot so rare worst case, \nparties in member states focus their election campaign on which benefits can\nbe extracted from the \nEuropean project for the respective home nation.\n\n\n \n\nAspect 2. The project to introduce transnational electoral lists to address\nthis problem has been under \ndiscussion since the 1990s. While it currently again it is being brought\nforward in the EP, there is no \nexpectation that, even if successfully introduced, it will affect even close\nto 10% of the parliamentary \nseats.1\n\n\nAspect 3. According to Rule 33 of the Rules of Procedure of the EP parties can\napply to form a EPPG. \nTheir affinity, the lone precondition for forming an EPPG, is assumed with\napplication for the status \nand proof does not have to be given.2\n\n\n \n\nAspect 4. Joining forces to form a EPPG brings benefits as to financial\nsupport, speaking time, \ncommittee seats.\n\n\n1 Maria Diaz Crego, EPRS February 2021, Transnational Electoral lists \u2013 Ways\nto Europeanise elections to the European \nParliament \n2 European Parliament, January 2021, Rules of Procedure of the European\nParliament\n\n\nMeetEU partners with the European Parliament\u2019s together.eu campaign. This \nfollow-up to the successful #thistimeimvoting campaign aims to raise \ndemocratic participation across Europe\n\n\n \n4\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2001543, "type": "text", "content": "# Electoral systems and women\u2019s chances to be elected\n\n\nElectoral systems influence the chances of women being elected. Countries with\nproportional \nrepresentation (PR) tend to have more women elected than those with a winner-\ntakes-all \nmajoritarian or plurality single-member district system, that is, first-past-\nthe-post (FPTP). In PR \nsystems, where seats are allocated according to the percentage of votes\nreceived, parties try to \nbalance the field of candidates to appeal to a variety of groups in society,\nsuch as women (who \nhappen to comprise more than half of the population), without leaving men out,\nas would be \nthe case in a majority system. In other words, as is often argued, parties in\nPR systems risk less \nwhen fielding equal numbers of female and male candidates in elections. In\nmajority systems, \nthe motivation is different: parties field candidates who, in their view, have\na greater chance of \nwinning the most votes. In most of these cases, the party leadership chooses\nmale candidates.3 In \nthis regard, the deputy speaker of parliament in Malawi, Esther Mcheka-\nChilena, emphasised that \nthe first-past-the-post-voting system makes it hard for women to win seats as\nit pits them against \nmale candidates who have more resources (Chakamba 2017).\n\n\n120\n\n\n \n\nAnother important reason why PR systems can help women is that a process of\n\u2018contagion\u2019 \n(where parties adopt policies initiated by other parties, for example,\nnominating a percentage of \nwomen as candidates) is more likely to occur in a PR system than in a majority\nor plurality system. \nFor parties competing in a PR system, the cost of adopting such a policy would\nbe lower than the \ncost for parties competing in a majority/plurality system and the gains could\nbe greater (Maitland \n2014: 101-102).4\n\n\n \n\n121\n\n\nHowever, some PR systems are preferable to others. The most advantageous PR\nsystem for \nwomen is where the whole country is one electoral district, provided that\nwomen occupy a \n\u2018winnable\u2019 place on the party list (with a zebra-style 50 per cent\nrepresentation on party lists being\n\n\n3 This was clearly evident in, for example, the gender outcome of the 2016\nlocal elections in South Africa where the electoral \nsystem is a combination of proportional representation and the FPTP system -\n50 per cent of representatives are elected in \nward elections and 50 per cent are elected from a proportional closed list.\nThe percentage of ANC women in proportional \nseats is 48 per cent, compared with only 33 per cent women in ward seats\n(Sadie 2017: 49-50). \n4 This contagion effect has, for example, been evident in the party lists of\nopposition parties in South Africa since the 2004 \nelections. The ANC has been the only party with an informal 50 per cent quota,\nbut it seemed the party\u2019s quota system has \nhad a contagion effect on the party lists of opposition parties (see Sadie\n2017: 49; Rama and Lowe Morna 2019).\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2196118, "type": "text", "content": "# #7: Hold All Leadership Elections by Single Transferable Vote\n\n\n \n\nAuthors: Moira M. (Bu\ufb00alo)\n\n\n# Rationale:\n\n\nIn a fair and democratic electoral system, voters deserve proportional\npolitical and \nideological representation re\ufb02ective of the actual makeup of their\nconstituencies. \nRanked choice voting has been adopted by several countries, most notably\nIreland, \nwhere it has allowed le-wing parties like Sinn F\u00e9in and People Before Pro\ufb01t to\nsecure \nparliamentary representation. \nRanked choice voting has been adopted by states and municipalities in the\nUnited \nStates as a meaningful and winnable electoral reform that provides such an \nopportunity for proportional political and ideological representation. \nSingle Transferable Vote (STV) ranked choice voting was used to elect the\nDSA\u02bcs \nNational Political Committee in 2019 and in leadership and convention delegate \nelections in many DSA Chapters. \nDemocratic Socialists of America leaves the selection of an election method\nfor local \no\ufb03cers, delegates to convention, committee chairs, and/or other o\ufb03cers to the \ndiscretion of local chapters. \nInternal con\ufb02ict or lack of experience within Democratic Socialists of America\nlocals \nwhen choosing a voting system may distract from preparation duties that are\nvital to \nconducting a fair election. \nVoting systems currently used by some Democratic Socialists of America locals, \nincluding Borda count and multi-member plurality, are \ufb02awed, vulnerable to \nmanipulation, and unrepresentative. \nThe DSA can lead by example from within and educate members on electoral\nreform by \neliminating the ine\ufb03cient and inconsistent standard currently in place for the\nelectoral \nprocesses of locals. \nIn fact, for this Convention, the NPC recognized the need for proportional \nrepresentation within DSA and adopted STV as the only method chapters may use\nto \nelect their delegates. \nInstant-runo\ufb00 ranked choice voting and Single Transferable Vote are widely\nconsidered \nby specialists to be the most e\ufb00ective at encouraging sincere voting, the\nleast \nvulnerable to manipulation or domination of a single ideology, and among the\nmost \nrepresentative electoral systems.\n\n\n158\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2111245, "type": "text", "content": "two-tier system of seats allocation for all districts except Brussels-Halle-\nVilvoorde, Leuven and \nNivelles.\n\n\nS econdly, several changes have been adopted to increase the importance of\npreference votes. \nFirst, since 1995 voters are no longer restricted to one single preference\nvote but are allowed \nto cast as many preference votes as there are seats to be filled. Preference\nvotes have to be \ncontained within one single list: panachage is not allowed. Second, in 2003 it\nwas decided to \nreduce the distribution of list votes. Only half of the list votes are\ndistributed to candidates \nfollowing the rank ordering of candidates set by the parties.\n\n\nT hirdly, a 5 per cent electoral threshold calculated at district-level was\nintroduced for the 2003 \nelections.\n\n\nT he situation for the 2010 federal elections is the following. Elections are\norganized under list \nPR (D\u2019Hondt) for the election of 150 members of the Chamber of\nRepresentatives. MPs are \nelected in eleven districts sending between 3 and 24 MPs to the lower chamber,\nsubject to a 5 \nper cent threshold at district-level. The allocation of seats within lists\nworks under the semi- \nopen list system. Once it is known how many seats each list has obtained, an\neligibility \nthreshold is calculated. It equals the number of votes for the party divided\nby its number of \nseats plus one. Candidates reaching the eligibility threshold on basis of\ntheir preferential votes \nare directly elected. For the remaining seats, list votes are transferred to\nthe candidate \noccupying the first position on the list until (s)he reaches the eligibility\nthreshold. If there are \nstill list votes remaining, they are transferred to the second candidate on\nthe list and so on. \nWhen half of the list votes have been transferred and if there are still seats\nto be allocated the \nremaining candidates compete on the basis of their scores in preferential\nvotes only.\n\n\nF inally, for the act of voting itself, voters are allowed to opt either for a\nlist vote by marking \ntheir ballot at the top of the list or for a candidate vote (preference vote)\nwith a maximum of \nvotes equal to the number of seats to be filled.\n\n\nT he Constitution of Belgium contains several elements for the organization of\nelections but \nmost of them relate to voting rights, compulsory voting and voting secrecy.\n\n\nF or the variables under consideration for the ESCE project the only relevant\narticle is article 62 \nthat states that elections are held under proportional representation for\nwhich the details are \nset by the Law.\n\n\nA rticle 63 also states that the Chamber of Representatives shall be composed\nof 150 elected \nmembers (adopted in 1993) and that their distribution among electoral\nconstituencies has to \nbe proportional to the number of voters in each constituency. The allocation\nof seats among \ndistricts is to be revised every 10 years.\n\n\n3\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1065, "type": "text", "content": "confidence to engage politically with one another (Lijphart 1977, 36\u20137). Yet\ninstead of \ngiving groups the confidence to pull together, it seems equally likely that\nvetoes may \ninstead result in deadlock. With this worry in mind, Anna Drake and Allison\nMcCulloch \n(2011, 396) suggest that (a) vetoes should be restricted to decisions that\nstand to affect a \ngroup\u2019s vital interests and (b) the group in question should be responsible\nfor justifying \nwhy this is so. It matters, however, not just how vetoes are exercised but\nwhere. Many \ndeliberative democrats argue that deliberation should be conducted in full\npublic view. \nYet as Jon Elster (1998) points out, publicity can also make it hard for\npolitical leaders to \nback down from a position once they have stated it openly. Hence, it may\nactually be \nbetter to make decisions behind closed doors.\n\n\n \n\nIn this same spirit, there is a good case for arguing that vetoes should be\nplaced \nnot in the parliament but within the decision procedures of the grand\ngoverning coalition, \nto be used behind closed doors (but see Steiner et al. 2004, 120). Doing so\nwould allow \nministers from one side of the ethnic divide to veto decisions proposed by\nministers from \nthe other side. This much will be widely known. Accordingly, when a minister\nfinally \ngoes public with a decision, the justification that he or she provides will\nhave to be \ncouched in terms that are accessible to everybody and could in principle be\naccepted by \nanyone. Otherwise, the members of the other ethnic group will be bound to ask\nwhy their \nministers did not veto the decision. Sine that might easily lead to\noutbidding, the \nincentive to deliberate will be clear.\n\n\n \n\n# Segmental autonomy\n\n\nSegmental autonomy has an important role to play in managing ethnic conflicts.\nSince it \ngives groups the authority to govern their own internal affairs, especially in\nthe areas of\n\n\n8\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1064, "type": "text", "content": "# PR electoral systems\n\n\nProportional representation electoral systems come in different shapes and\nforms. Some \nconsociational scholars favor party-list PR on the grounds that it \u201ccan\nencourage the \nformation and maintenance of strong and cohesive political parties\u201d (Lijphart\n2004, 101). \nSince political leaders get to determine who ranks where on the list, they can\nexercise \ntremendous control over party members. Yet although party cohesion may be\nnecessary \nto stability, the fact that voters can only vote for one party means that\nvoting will almost \ninevitably break down along group lines. But since, once again, that means\nthat parties \nneed only be concerned about how they are perceived by their own ethnic group, \noutbidding remains a likely outcome.\n\n\n \n\nFrom a deliberative perspective, the Single Transferable Vote (STV) form of PR \nis a far more attractive option (James 2004, 164\u20137, 172\u20136). STV is a\npreferential system \nthat operates in multimember constituencies. As such, voters vote for\ncandidates rather \nthan for parties; they also get to rank the candidates in order of their\npreference \n(Taagepera and Shugart 1989, 27). While voters may rank candidates from their\nown \nethnic group first, it is at least possible for them to place candidates from\nanother ethnic \ngroup somewhere lower down the ballot. In marginal seats, lower-order\npreferences may \nmake a real difference to a candidate\u2019s chances of success. As such, STV\noffers \ncandidates an incentive to broaden their appeal and hence to couch their\narguments in \nterms that anyone could accept.\n\n\n \n\n# Mutual vetoes\n\n\nOn the face of it, mutual vetoes have an important role to play in maintaining\npolitical \nstability\u2014knowing that their special interests are protected can give groups\nthe\n\n\n7\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 566905, "type": "text", "content": "14\n\n\n \n\nJanda: \"Restructuring the Party Systems\"\n\n\nproportional representation system that would more faithfully reflect their\npockets of support \n(Hibbing and Patterson, 1992, pp. 432-3). The negotiations produced a\ncompromise system that \ncombined single-member districts with multimember county elections based on\nproportional \nrepresentation, similar to the German system. (For a description of the\nHungarian electoral \nsystem, see Hibbing and Patterson, 1992.) In its first election in March-April\n1990, Hungary \navoided the Polish problem of extreme party fractionalization by requiring\nparties to receive at least \n4 percent of the vote for party lists before gaining representation in\nparliament Despite the fact that \n42 of Hungary's 65 registered parties ran candidates in the election, only six\nwere admitted to \nparliament For its second election in May 1994, Hungary raised the threshold\nto 5 percent \n(fearing representation by a right-wing group), and again only six parties\nwere returned to \nparliament--most notably the same six.\n\n\n \n\nTable 4 reports the distribution of votes and seats among the parties\ncontesting the 1990 \nand 1994 parliamentary elections in Hungary. Although both the number and the\nidentity of the \nwinning parties was limited in both elections, the volatility score was still\nvery high, at 27.97. This \nscore was achieved mainly to the voters' rejection of the nationalistic\nHungarian Democratic \nForum, which presided over a badly deteriorating economy during Hungary's\nfirst years as a \ndemocracy, and the restoration to power of the Hungarian Socialist Party,\nwhich voters chose as a \nparty that proved it could run a government Despite its high volatility score\nfor the first two \nelections, the emerging Hungarian party system has taken what Agh regards as\n\"an essential step\" \nin the process of institutionalization, \"the parliamentarization of the major\nparties\" (Agh, 1994, p. \n229). However, even the Hungarian parties have not entered the final stage of\ndevelopment, \nbecoming more closely linked to social groups and interest groups that\nunderpin a civil society. \nAgh says that the new parties have operated in a sociological vacuum that \"has\nweakened their \n'conversion' function; i.e., they have not been really able to articulate and\naggregate social \ndemands into programme packages as political alternatives (p. 230).\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Compare the incentive structures for candidates under Party-list PR and STV. What electoral changes would be necessary in a Party-list PR system to encourage candidates to appeal beyond their immediate ethnic group, similar to STV?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 384, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["tabular reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 1307975, "type": "text", "content": "place no later than the third day after the day on which the child is in the\nplace of \nsafety.\n\n\nS ection 143 of the 2011 Act provides that where a child is residing at a\nparticular place, \nbecause of a requirement for them to do so in a CSO, the relevant chief social\nwork \nofficer may transfer the child to another place if it is in the interests of\nthe child ,or in \nthe interests another child in the place that the subject child is being moved\nfrom. \nSection 137(3) of the 2011 Act provides that where a child is transferred in\nthis way, a \nchildren\u2019s hearing must be arranged to take place before the expiry of 3\nworking days, \nbeginning with the day on which the child was transferred.\n\n\nW hen a court makes an order under section 109(7) of the 2011 Act, there is a \ntimescale of three days in place for a children\u2019s hearing to be held. This may\nsimply \nnot be possible. When a children\u2019s hearing order requires a child to stay in a\nspecified \nplace, section 143 of the 2011 Act provides the relevant chief social work\nofficer with \nthe power to transfer the child out of that place where such a transfer is\nrequired as a \nmatter of urgent necessity. This would apply where the best interests of that\nchild (or \nanother child) cannot wait until a children\u2019s hearing has been arranged.\n\n\nSection 137(3) of the 2011 Act requires a hearing to be held to review the\nchild\u2019s case \nfollowing an emergency transfer within three working days. Due to the\ncoronavirus \npandemic there may be a higher number of children who need to be moved from\ntheir \ncurrent kinship, foster or residential home in an unplanned way due to\nillness. The \nresilience and availability of alternative out-of-authority emergency\nplacements will \ntherefore be impacted and authorities may have more difficulty in sourcing\nthem.\n\n\n# Changes made by the 2020 Act\n\n\nThe 2020 Act provides for situations where it will not be practicable for\nthere to be a \nhearing within three working days, due to the likely shortage of social work,\nreporter, \ndecision-makers, children and families to attend an urgent hearing in the new\narea. \nParagraph 5 of Schedule 3 of the Act amends the time limit for sheriff-made\nICSOs \nto 7 days, instead of 3 days.\n\n\nParagraph 5(3) of the 2020 Act\u2019s Schedule 3 extends the time limit for extends\nthe \ntime limit for the Principal Reporter to arrange a children\u2019s hearing under\nsection \n137(3) to 7 working days instead of 3 working days in respect of placements\nmade by \nchief social work officers - without authority from a sheriff or children\u2019s\nhearing.\n\n\n \n\nC hief social work officers, the Principal Reporter and the National Convener\nand the \nheads of secure units should note these extended timescales, and prepare \naccordingly. These new timescales only apply if the interim compulsory\nsupervision \norder made under section 109 or the transfer under section 143 is made after\nthe \nprovisions are commenced. Placements in force at the time of commencement will \nneed to be serviced according to the previous 2011 Act provisions and\ntimescales.\n\n\n \n\nT ables A and B at the foot of this section contain summary information about \nthe changes to duration of orders and other timescales\n\n\n8\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2941306, "type": "text", "content": "# Frontline Professional Growth:\n\n\n \n\nSign up for professional development sessions at least one day early on\nFrontline. If you are not \nsigned up online, you will not receive the credits. Additionally, all courses\nhave the Learning \nExperience Evaluation completed and must be marked completed and have the in\norder to \nreceive credit. Any issues with Frontline should be directed to Sheryl\nClemens.\n\n\n# Act 48:\n\n\n \n\nIt is your responsibility to make sure that your Act 48 hours are up to date.\nYou should \nperiodically check your Act 48 hours using the following website:\n\n\n \n\n# https://www.perms.ed.state.pa.us/screens/wfpublicaccess.aspx\n\n\n# Level 2 Certification:\n\n\n \n\nEmployees are responsible for applying for their Level 2 certification before\n6 years of service. \nLevel 2 certifications take a long time to process, so make sure you apply\nearly! Visit the REA \nwebsite for links to information about Level 2 certification. I can also\nassist you with any \nquestions you may have.\n\n\nW hen you submit your paperwork to your principal for approval, give them a\nmonth of time \nbefore politely asking about the status of your paperwork. After 3 months\nwithout completion, \nsee your building rep!\n\n\n# Ideas or Suggestions for In-Service or Act 80?\n\n\n \n\nPlease let me know if you have any suggestions for professional development\ntopics for future \nin-service days or if you have any instructional concerns.\n\n\nFeel free to contact me at seckenrod@comcast.net with any questions!\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 631017, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='8' style='font-size:20px'>PRINCIPAL\u2019S REPORT \u2013 Andrew Felsinger</h1>\n<h1 id='9' style='font-size:18px'>SCHOOL COUNCIL ELECTION RESULTS</h1>\n<br><p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>On Monday afternoon the ballot for School Council was closed and votes were<br>tallied as per DET process for the conduct of School Council elections. The<br>parents elected as school councillors for 2021/2022 are:</p>\n<figure><img id='11' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(96,446); bottom-right:(255,666)\" /></figure>\n<br><figure><img id='12' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(320,445); bottom-right:(478,669)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Ayesha Salman</p>\n<br><figure><img id='14' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(545,445); bottom-right:(704,666)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='15' style='font-size:16px'>Amy Bland</h1>\n<br><figure><img id='16' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(960,278); bottom-right:(1167,581)\" /></figure>\n<h1 id='17' style='font-size:16px'>Lauren Hanna</h1>\n<br><p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>They will join the following to form our School Council this year:<br>Parent Reps: Megan Goodwin Peter Cueto-Mendoza Gurumukh Singh<br>DET Reps: Andrew Felsinger, Matthew Moore, Aaron Abella and Simone Giaranelli<br>Community Rep: To be confirmed at our first meeting</p>\n<h1 id='19' style='font-size:18px'>P UBLIC HOLIDAY \u2014 Monday 8th March</h1>\n<br><p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Just a reminder to all parents that Monday 8th March is a public holiday and there is no school.<br>The YMCA does not operate on public holidays.</p>\n<h1 id='21' style='font-size:18px'>L ATE STUDENTS</h1>\n<br><p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>As a school, we understand that there are times where students being late to school or needing to<br>depart early is unavoidable. Having said this, it has been noticed that there are some students who<br>are routinely late or being picked up early from school. This has a significant impact on student<br>learning. We ask that parents please ensure their child/children are at school on time prior to 8.55am<br>and, where possible, make appointments for their child/children outside school times.</p>\n<br><p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>As part of this, a reminder that students who arrive at their learning space after the bell at 8:55am are<br>required to be signed in at the office.</p>\n<p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>P ICKING UP YOUR CHILD DURING RECESS/ LUNCH TIMES & DURING ASSEMBLY</p>\n<br><p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>A reminder to parents that if you need to pick up your child during recess or lunch times it is best<br>to call ahead. This will allow time for our administration team to organise for your child to be up at<br>the office. Alternatively, you can pick up your child before/after play times. As you can imagine, it<br>can be loud out in the yard with 860 kids playing and they don\u2019t always hear announcements. If<br>you turn up during play times to pick up your child, please understand that you will most likely<br>need to wait until the end of play time to take them home.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 230470, "type": "html", "content": "<table id='15' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>Please list all conflicts to scheduled rehearsals and ____________________________________________________________________________________</td><td>shows._____________________________________</td></tr><tr><td>Are you currently cast in, or will be auditioning for, any company between now and the end of this show: Yes _______</td><td>___________________________________________________________________________________ other show at school or another theatre No_________</td></tr><tr><td>If so, which school or company:</td><td>_________________________________________________________</td></tr><tr><td>What are the dates for that show (rehearsals through closing</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>show): List anything else that you would like us to</td><td>_____________________________</td></tr><tr><td>____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________</td><td>know: ___________________________________________</td></tr><tr><td>ACT II is a faith-based, non profit theatre company with a the young actor, the local schools, and the community with theatre. All decisions, activities, and guidelines are aligned with values. If I am cast, I agree to respect and abide by the direction production, including behavior, modest dress, wholesome casting decisions, costuming, and use of facilities. Actor\u2019s Initials ____________ Parent\u2019s Initials</td><td>Christian worldview. Our mission is to serve wholesome, educational, high-quality Judeo-Christian beliefs, morals, and of ACT II while participating in this language and appropriate conversations, __________</td></tr><tr><td>If I am cast in the play, I will commit to being at all rehearsals attend unless specified above. I understand that two unexcused absences may result from the cast. I understand that I will need to miss three days of school or work to rehearse or perform during the day for local schools.</td><td>and performances that I am scheduled to in being removed (November 10-12, 2021)</td></tr><tr><td>Actor\u2019s Initials ___________ Parent\u2019s Initials</td><td>__________</td></tr><tr><td>I have read all the information on the audition forms and the ACT II website and question honestly and thoroughly. I understand the scope of the commitment if I am by the rules and guidance of ACT II.</td><td>have answered each cast, and will abide</td></tr><tr><td>A ctor\u2019s Signature:</td><td>____________________________________________________________________</td></tr><tr><td>Date: ____________________________________</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Parent\u2019s Signature:</td><td>____________________________________________________________________</td></tr><tr><td>Date: ____________________________________</td><td></td></tr></table>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 447740, "type": "text", "content": " \n\n# October Holidays Holidays \nOctober\n\n\n \n\n# 5-16 October 2020\n\n\n# Monday 5 October\n\n\n \n\n# Closed for Staff Training\n\n\n \n\n# Tuesday 6 October\n\n\n \n\n# Crime Scene Investigation\n\n\n \n\n# Find the clues to solve the mystery.\n\n\n \n\n# Cricket\n\n\n \n\n# Try your hand at cricket.\n\n\n \n\n# Wednesday 7 October\n\n\n \n\n# Big Art & Craft\n\n\n \n\nCardboard box creative fun \u2022 Tennis \nball and water gun painting.\n\n\n \n\n# Movie Afternoon \nWatch a new movie with popcorn.\n\n\n \n\n# Thursday 8 October\n\n\n \n\n# Pirate Day\n\n\n \n\nMake flags, hats and ships \u2022 Walk the \nplank \u2022 Join us on our treasure hunt \nand play pirate ping pong.\n\n\n \n\n# Friday 9 October\n\n\n \n\n# Obstacle Course\n\n\n \n\nDesign and build your own obstacle \ncourse and then see who will be the \nfastest.\n\n\n \n\n# Please book by 17 September 2020\n\n\n# Monday 12 October\n\n\n \n\nKite-Making\n\n\n \n\nDesign and create your own kite and \nthen take it outside to fly it.\n\n\n \n\n# Dodgeball Competition\n\n\n \n\n# Tuesday 13 October\n\n\n \n\n# Jungle Day\n\n\n \n\n# Create a jungle wall display \u2022 Make \nanimal masks \u2022 Play jungle-themed \ngames.\n\n\n \n\n# Jungle Olympics\n\n\n \n\n# Wednesday 14 October\n\n\n \n\n# Trip to the Park\n\n\n \n\nJoin us for a trip to the park for lots of \nfun and a picnic lunch.\n\n\n \n\n# Thursday 15 October\n\n\n \n\n# The Apprentice\n\n\n \n\n# Design and create your business plan \nand show it to the panel.\n\n\n \n\nTennis\n\n\n \n\n# Friday 16 October\n\n\n \n\nScience\n\n\n \n\n# Join us for a day of fun and whacky \nexperiments.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 123665, "type": "html", "content": "<figure><img id='0' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(147,61); bottom-right:(278,197)\" /></figure>\n<figure><img id='1' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(36,429); bottom-right:(364,514)\" /></figure>\n<p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>A huge thank you to the Major Sponsors of<br>our Taylor Bros Transport Fireworks & Gala.</p>\n<br><p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Taylor Bros Transport Ltd: Platinum Sponsor<br>Tasman Plumbing Contractors: Gold Sponsor<br>Willis Towers Watson: Gold Sponsor<br>Davy Construction: Gold Sponsor</p>\n<br><p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>We would not be able to run this event<br>without the support of these very generous<br>sponsors.</p>\n<figure><img id='5' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(63,973); bottom-right:(346,1088)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Thank you also for the goods and services<br>provided by;</p>\n<br><p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Kennards Hire, Ray Young Electrical, TR Group<br>Ltd, Triac Light & Sound, Tauranga 93 More FM<br>and of course our very own hardworking PTA.</p>\n<br><h1 id='8' style='font-size:20px'>Message from the Principal</h1>\n<br><p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Tena koutou katoa, Talofa Lava and a very warm<br>welcome to everyone in our school community.</p>\n<br><p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>A special welcome to Alexander Carter.</p>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>I am very excited to announce that Ben Fuller is<br>now back from study leave. Welcome back Ben, it<br>is great to have you back with us!</p>\n<br><p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Taylor Bros Transport Fireworks & Gala</p>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>A huge thank you to everyone who supported our<br>fireworks gala this year. We definitely wouldn\u2019t<br>have had the success that we have had without<br>the input from so many. In particular I would like to<br>thank Taryn Joseph (parent and owner of Thyme<br>Management), Lee-Ann Taylor, Ana McFarlane,<br>the whole of the PTA and St Mary\u2019s staff for your<br>hard work and dedication. The gala is a huge<br>undertaking and I have a whole new appreciation<br>of the organisation involved.</p>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>We had approximately 5000 people through the<br>gate and it was a busy night. The fireworks finale<br>was incredible. I will keep you informed of the<br>money raised once that has been finalised.</p>\n<br><p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Jump Jam</p>\n<br><p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Congratulations must go to all of our Jump Jam<br>Teams and their coaches.</p>\n<br><p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>1st year 1-4 open Team called Enchanters doing<br>\u201cMagic 2.0\u201d.</p>\n<figure><img id='18' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(31,1265); bottom-right:(369,1578)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>1st in year 4-8 all boys Team called the Misfits,<br>doing \u201cCaptain jack\u201d.</p>\n<br><p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>1st in year 4-6 advanced open (the toughest<br>division) Team called Senior Swifts doing song<br>\u201cShake it off\u201d.</p>\n<br><p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>3rd in year 4-6 open, Team called Crazy Circus<br>doing song \u201cAfro Circus\u201d.</p>\n<br><p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>4th year 1-4 open Team called Muchachas doing<br>Borriquito.</p>\n<br><p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Learning Through Play</p>\n<br><p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>In Week 3, I was very lucky to attend a two day<br>seminar run by Nathan Mikaere Wallis. This<br>was an indepth look at the developing brain! I<br>walked away with a much deeper understanding<br>of neuroscience research and it\u2019s practical<br>implications.</p>\n<br><p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Nathan is passionate about the importance of the<br>first 1000 days of a child\u2019s life and the development<br>of the brain from conception to 32 years, with an<br>emphasis on the early years of childhood and<br>schooling. He emphasises the importance for<br>children to develop positive dispositions towards<br>their learning and their culture, and to develop<br>their creative and thinking skills.</p>\n<br><p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>I highly recommend that you spend 40 minutes of<br>your time listening to the following interviews, with<br>Nathan, on Radio New Zealand:</p>\n<br><p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>What 3 - 7 Year olds Need to Learn - 26 mins<br>https://bit.ly/2Fb1Ibc</p>\n<br><p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Kids With Interpersonal Skills Come From Homes<br>Where There Are Rich Conversations - 17 mins.<br>https://bit.ly/2ShGH5O</p>\n<br><p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>I will be running two information sessions on Play<br>based learning in the BAMJC on Tuesday 20th<br>during our Open Morning, 9 - 10:30am.</p>\n<figure><img id='30' style='font-size:18px' alt=\"Congratulations Jump\nJammers!\" data-coord=\"top-left:(426,1323); bottom-right:(1216,1722)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='31' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Thank you for your support.</p>\n<br><p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>That\u2019s me signing off for the last time as Acting<br>Principal. Thank you for being such a supportive<br>community during my time in this position, I have<br>thoroughly enjoyed every minute of it and gained<br>a great insight into the very diverse nature of the<br>role of the principal.</p>\n<br><p id='33' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Nga mihi nui<br>Anna MacKinnon<br>Acting Principal</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2622806, "type": "text", "content": "# SAVE THE DATE 2021-2022: Dexter Drama Club \nVisit www.dexterdrama.com for More information\n\n\n \n\nAugust 14 (Saturday) \u2013 Dexter Daze Parade \u2013 We are in the parade! Open to new,\ncurrent, and alumni DDC \nmembers! \nAugust 29 (Sunday) \u2013 Drama Club Open House 5 pm \u2013 9 pm 6757 N Meadows Way\nDexter \nAugust 31- Sept 2 \u2013 (Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday ONLY) Dexter Drama Directing\n\u201c3D\u201d Application/ Interview \nDue \n-3D Directors need: Schedule 10 min Interview/ Come prepared with Application/ Proposed Rehearsal \nSchedule/ Groundplan (Bird\u2019s eye view of stage) \nDisney\u2019s The Little Mermaid Auditions/ Callbacks/Casting (Open to High School\n& Middle School Students) \nTuesday August 31st - Auditions 3:30-6:30 in CPA \u2013 NOTE THIS DATE IS BEFORE\nSCHOOL STARTS \nWednesday September 1st - Callbacks 3:30-6:30 in CPA \u2013 NOTE THIS DATE IS\nBEFORE SCHOOL \nSTARTS \nThursday September 2nd \u2013 1st ALL CALL Cast Rehearsal 3:30-6:30 in CPA \u2013 NOTE\nTHIS DATE IS \nBEFORE SCHOOL STARTS \nSeptember 7th - (Tuesday) - 1st Day of School /1st Officer Meeting afterschool\nin RM 71 (Palmer\u2019s RM) \nSeptember 10th (Friday) -1st Drama Club Meeting 3:15-4:30 afterschool CPA \nSeptember 13th (Monday) \u2013 Tech Sign Up for Disney\u2019s The Little Mermaid (Open\nto High School & Middle School \nStudents) \n3:15 in Room 71 (Palmer\u2019s Room) \nSeptember 14th (Tuesday) \u2013 Virtual Parent/Company Meeting for Disney\u2019s The\nLittle Mermaid at 7:00 pm \nSeptember 17th (Friday) \u2013 1st Off-Q Improv Meeting afterschool in CPA\n3:00-4:15 \nOctober 4th-October 7th \u2013 Homecoming Float Build \u2013 We build afterschool Monday\nthru Thursday 3-5ish \nOctober 8th HOMECOMING Parade and Game Day \u2013 Must help build the float to be\nin Parade! \nOctober 6th (Wednesday) \u2013 Dine to Donate at The Dexter Pub \nWeek of October 11th Fall Production \u201cTech Week\u201d \u2013 Considered \u201cBlack Out\u201d so\nthis means no conflicts with these \ndates for those participating in this Fall production! \nOctober 16/17 Disney\u2019s The Little Mermaid Tech Weekend: Saturday NOON-8pm /\nSunday NOON-8pm CPA \nOctober 21st-24th Disney\u2019s The Little Mermaid Performances (Friday and\nSaturday Evening at 7pm/ \nSaturday and Sunday Matinee at 2pm) CPA (4 Performances TOTAL) \nOctober 24th STRIKE (Directly after Sunday Matinee) \u2013 Mandatory for all\nCAST/CREW CPA \nWeek of October 25th Dexter Drama Directing \u201c3D\u201d Series Auditions\n/Callbacks/Casting: \nMonday October 25th 3D Auditions 3:30-6:30pm Meet in CPA then 400s Wing of DHS \nTuesday October 26th 3D Callbacks/Casting 3-8pm \nWednesday October 27th 3D Tech Meeting 3:00-3:30pm RM 71 (Palmer\u2019s RM) \nThursday October 28th 3D Company Meeting 3:15- 4pm CPA \n-After Directors/Heads of Tech Design Concepts Meeting 4-5:30pm RM 71 (Palmer\u2019s RM) \nNovember 11 (Thursday) \u2013 MTI Show Tech Day 1 pm \nNovember 12 (Friday) \u2013 MTI Show All Together Now 6 pm \nNovember 13/14th Dexter Directing Series \u201c3D\u201d Tech Weekend CPA \nNovember 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st Dexter Directing Series \u201c3D\u201d Performances\n(Thurs-Saturday Evenings at 7pm/ \nSunday Matinee at 2pm) CPA \nNovember 21st (Directly after Sunday Matinee) \u2013 \u201c3D\u201d STRIKE \u2013 Mandatory for\nall CAST/CREW CPA \nNovember 30 \u2013 Dec 2nd \u2013 Improv Workshop Monday \u2013 Thursday 3:30-6:30pm CPA \nDecember 3rd Friday Workshop Performance \u2013 7 pm \nWeek of December 6th Romeo & Juliet Auditions/Callbacks/Casting CPA & Choir\nRM: \nMonday December 6th Auditions 3:30-6:30pm afterschool in CPA \u2013 Expect to stay\nthe whole time! \nTuesday December 7th Callbacks 3:30-6pm afterschool in Choir Room \u2013 Expect to\nstay the whole time! \nWednesday December 8th Tech Meeting 3:00-3:30pm afterschool in RM 71 (Palmer\u2019s\nRM) \nThursday December 9th Romeo & Juliet Virtual Parent/Company Meeting at 7pm \nDecember 17th Improv Show CPA at 7pm \nJanuary 3rd \u2013 Student Films Due for Dexter Drama Film Festival \nJanuary 26th \u2013 Dine to Donate at The Dexter Pub\n\n\n \n\nWeek of January 31st Romeo & Juliet \u201cTech Week\u201d \u2013 Considered \u201cBlack Out\u201d no\nconflicts with these dates for those\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 447752, "type": "html", "content": "<br><h1 id='189' style='font-size:22px'>October Holidays Holidays<br>October</h1>\n<br><h1 id='190' style='font-size:20px'>5-16 October 2020</h1>\n<h1 id='191' style='font-size:18px'>Monday 5 October</h1>\n<br><h1 id='192' style='font-size:16px'>Closed for Staff Training</h1>\n<br><h1 id='193' style='font-size:18px'>Tuesday 6 October</h1>\n<br><h1 id='194' style='font-size:16px'>Crime Scene Investigation</h1>\n<br><h1 id='195' style='font-size:14px'>Find the clues to solve the mystery.</h1>\n<br><h1 id='196' style='font-size:16px'>Cricket</h1>\n<br><h1 id='197' style='font-size:14px'>Try your hand at cricket.</h1>\n<br><h1 id='198' style='font-size:18px'>Wednesday 7 October</h1>\n<br><h1 id='199' style='font-size:16px'>Big Art & Craft</h1>\n<br><p id='200' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Cardboard box creative fun \u2022 Tennis<br>ball and water gun painting.</p>\n<br><h1 id='201' style='font-size:14px'>Movie Afternoon<br>Watch a new movie with popcorn.</h1>\n<br><h1 id='202' style='font-size:18px'>Thursday 8 October</h1>\n<br><h1 id='203' style='font-size:16px'>Pirate Day</h1>\n<br><p id='204' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Make flags, hats and ships \u2022 Walk the<br>plank \u2022 Join us on our treasure hunt<br>and play pirate ping pong.</p>\n<br><h1 id='205' style='font-size:18px'>Friday 9 October</h1>\n<br><h1 id='206' style='font-size:16px'>Obstacle Course</h1>\n<br><p id='207' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Design and build your own obstacle<br>course and then see who will be the<br>fastest.</p>\n<br><h1 id='208' style='font-size:16px'>Please book by 17 September 2020</h1>\n<h1 id='209' style='font-size:18px'>Monday 12 October</h1>\n<br><p id='210' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Kite-Making</p>\n<br><p id='211' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Design and create your own kite and<br>then take it outside to fly it.</p>\n<br><h1 id='212' style='font-size:16px'>Dodgeball Competition</h1>\n<br><h1 id='213' style='font-size:18px'>Tuesday 13 October</h1>\n<br><h1 id='214' style='font-size:16px'>Jungle Day</h1>\n<br><h1 id='215' style='font-size:14px'>Create a jungle wall display \u2022 Make<br>animal masks \u2022 Play jungle-themed<br>games.</h1>\n<br><h1 id='216' style='font-size:16px'>Jungle Olympics</h1>\n<br><h1 id='217' style='font-size:18px'>Wednesday 14 October</h1>\n<br><h1 id='218' style='font-size:16px'>Trip to the Park</h1>\n<br><p id='219' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Join us for a trip to the park for lots of<br>fun and a picnic lunch.</p>\n<br><h1 id='220' style='font-size:18px'>Thursday 15 October</h1>\n<br><h1 id='221' style='font-size:16px'>The Apprentice</h1>\n<br><h1 id='222' style='font-size:14px'>Design and create your business plan<br>and show it to the panel.</h1>\n<br><p id='223' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Tennis</p>\n<br><h1 id='224' style='font-size:18px'>Friday 16 October</h1>\n<br><p id='225' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Science</p>\n<br><h1 id='226' style='font-size:14px'>Join us for a day of fun and whacky<br>experiments.</h1>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 590494, "type": "text", "content": "# April 2018 \nACT Newsletter\n\n\n35th Annual ACT Conference \nOctober 26-27, 2018 \nColumbia, South Carolina \nEducation as Activism: The Rights of the Learner \nRegistration and Hotel Information \nPresentation Proposal Deadline July 1 \nhttp://acteducators.com/2018-conference\n\n\n# From the President, Meir Muller\n\n\nD ear ACT Members, \nThis is a very exciting time of the year as we are receiving proposals for our\nOctober conference. \nWe have two key notes, an honoree talk and plans for 35 workshops. We have\nreviewed the \nproposals that arrived prior to March 23rd and selected ten for presentation.\nBelow are some of \nthe topics that will be explored:\n\n\n \n\n\u2022 Facilitating Early Childhood Activism through Interactive Writing \n\u2022 Creating Spaces for Constructing Empathy and Prosocial Behavior using\nHolocaust/Shoah \nLiterature for Children and Young Adults \n\u2022 Constructivist Education in an Age of Accountability \n\u2022 The Art Room as a Center for Activism: Instillation-based art in school\nhallways and \ncommunity settings \n\u2022 Windows and Mirrors: Using Picture Books to Talk with Children About Race\nand Racism \n\u2022 Can the addition of a classroom pet and the implementation of the Project\nApproach impact \nyoung children\u2019s social-emotional development?\n\n\nYou can be considered for one of the remaining 25 slots by submitting your\nproposal. Our \nproposal form is not cumbersome and can be found on\nhttp://acteducators.com/2018-conference. \nI hope you take a moment in the next week to submit your proposal.\n\n\nU pcoming Events \nACT 2018 \nOctober 26-27 \nPreconference school tour October 25 \nColumbia, South Carolina http://acteducators.com/2018-conference \nPlease review the 2018 conference flyer and prepare your proposal!\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 106041, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='17' style='font-size:18px'>PRINCIPAL\u2019S DESK</h1>\n<h1 id='18' style='font-size:14px'>F INAL ASSEMBLY</h1>\n<br><p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The final assembly for the year will be held on Friday 21st December commencing at 12.45pm.</p>\n<h1 id='20' style='font-size:14px'>P ROMOTION PARADE: Tuesday 18th December</h1>\n<br><p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>For those families new to Templeton, Promotion Parade is a transition day when children learn of their<br>new placement for the next year. They spend the day with their new teacher and classmates which helps<br>reduce anxiety over the holiday period. It is an exciting day that teachers and children alike enjoy.</p>\n<h1 id='22' style='font-size:14px'>L AST DAY OF SCHOOL: 1.30pm Finish</h1>\n<br><p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Please mark in your calendars that we will be finishing at 1.30pm on the last day of Term 4, Friday 21st<br>December. Camp Australia will be operating After School care from this time.</p>\n<h1 id='24' style='font-size:14px'>L ATE RETURN TO SCHOOL IN 2019</h1>\n<br><p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>If you and your family will still be on holiday when school commences in 2019 would you please write a<br>letter or email to this effect for our school records. Thank you.</p>\n<h1 id='26' style='font-size:14px'>I MPORTANT DATES FOR 2019</h1>\n<br><p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Please add the following dates to your family planner for 2019:</p>\n<table id='28' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>T uesday 29th January:</td><td>Teachers resume / (No school for students) Prep Interviews Uniform Shop Open 11.00am \u2013 2.00pm</td></tr><tr><td>W ednesday 30th January:</td><td>Grade 1 \u2013 6 commence first day of school Prep Interviews</td></tr><tr><td>T hursday 31st January 2019:</td><td>Prep Interviews</td></tr><tr><td>F riday 1st February 2019:</td><td>Preps first day 9.30am \u2013 12.00pm</td></tr></table>\n<h1 id='29' style='font-size:14px'>THIS WEEK\u2019S CLASSROOM VISITS</h1>\n<br><p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Visiting a Year 5S Art class last week I came across interactive dioramas depicting the various activities<br>the students\u2019 participated in on camp. The high swing, canoeing and raft making were popular activities<br>by the looks of the dioramas I played with!</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	If the Acting Principal signed off on the 31st of October, how many days before the date of the play-based learning sessions did this occur?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 388, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["temporal reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 1967953, "type": "text", "content": "1 CONTROLLER TO ASSOCIATE THE REQUEST WITH THE PERSONAL DATA; \n2 (II) THE CONTROLLER DOES NOT USE THE PERSONAL DATA TO \n3 RECOGNIZE OR RESPOND TO THE SPECIFIC CONSUMER WHO IS THE SUBJECT \n4 OF THE PERSONAL DATA OR ASSOCIATE THE PERSONAL DATA WITH OTHER \n5 PERSONAL DATA ABOUT THE SAME SPECIFIC CONSUMER; AND \n6 (III) THE CONTROLLER DOES NOT SELL THE PERSONAL DATA TO \n7 ANY THIRD PARTY OR OTHERWISE VOLUNTARILY DISCLOSE THE PERSONAL \n8 DATA TO ANY THIRD PARTY, EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE AUTHORIZED BY THE \n9 CONSUMER; OR \n10 (c) MAINTAIN DATA IN IDENTIFIABLE FORM OR COLLECT, OBTAIN, \n11 RETAIN, OR ACCESS ANY DATA OR TECHNOLOGY IN ORDER TO ENABLE THE \n12 CONTROLLER TO ASSOCIATE AN AUTHENTICATED CONSUMER REQUEST \n13 WITH PERSONAL DATA. \n14 (2) A CONTROLLER THAT USES DE-IDENTIFIED DATA SHALL \n15 EXERCISE REASONABLE OVERSIGHT TO MONITOR COMPLIANCE WITH ANY \n16 CONTRACTUAL COMMITMENTS TO WHICH THE DE-IDENTIFIED DATA ARE \n17 SUBJECT AND SHALL TAKE APPROPRIATE STEPS TO ADDRESS ANY \n18 BREACHES OF CONTRACTUAL COMMITMENTS. \n19 6-1-1308. Duties of controllers. (1) Duty of transparency. \n20 (a) A CONTROLLER SHALL PROVIDE CONSUMERS WITH A REASONABLY \n21 ACCESSIBLE, CLEAR, AND MEANINGFUL PRIVACY NOTICE THAT INCLUDES: \n22 (I) THE CATEGORIES OF PERSONAL DATA COLLECTED OR \n23 PROCESSED BY THE CONTROLLER OR A PROCESSOR; \n24 (II) THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH THE CATEGORIES OF PERSONAL \n25 DATA ARE PROCESSED; \n26 (III) HOW AND WHERE CONSUMERS MAY EXERCISE THE RIGHTS \n27 PURSUANT TO SECTION 6-1-1306, INCLUDING THE CONTROLLER'S CONTACT\n\n\n-27-\n\n\n \n190\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2816550, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='51' style='font-size:16px'>98 \u2013 4. THE EVOLVING PRIVACY LANDSCAPE: 30 YEARS AFTER THE OECD PRIVACY GUIDELINES</header>\n<p id='52' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Given the relatively static data transfers and comparatively simple<br>business models and relationships in place when data protection principles<br>were first being drawn up, the concept of data controller did not contemplate<br>scenarios where many players could be considered data controllers.<br>Increasingly complex business models and relationships, as well as new<br>technologies, can make it challenging to determine who the data controller is<br>and therefore who is responsible for protecting the personal data.<br>Subcontracting, outsourcing, evolving partnerships between organisations in<br>value chains, behavioural advertising, and other emerging business models<br>can add layers of complexity in determining responsibilities and identifying<br>roles. Often an entity can be a controller related to one use of information<br>and a co-controller, processor or sub-processor for another.</p>\n<br><p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Another example of new business models and new technologies that<br>challenge the clear determination of data controllership concerns online<br>platforms that can be accessed by third parties to develop applications, using<br>personal data. While this may foster innovation and economic growth, the<br>issue of which party is accountable for protecting the personal data of the<br>users is one of serious concern to many observers, users, and privacy<br>regulators.68 In this context, individuals in a possibly non-commercial<br>capacity may be acting as controllers and processors by developing appli-<br>cations, creating content or disseminating information. Another example of<br>the changing nature of the data controller concerns RFID technologies. Does<br>a retailer that sells goods with RFID chips embedded in them, but not<br>enabled, bear any responsibility as a data controller?</p>\n<br><p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>The concept of data controller also did not necessarily contemplate the<br>possibility of individuals acting in a manner similar to data controllers with<br>respect to the personal data of others, a development that has been triggered by<br>the emergence of Web 2.0. User-generated and crowd-sourced content raise<br>issues around responsibility and liability. For example, videos that individuals<br>post online about themselves can be reposted by others and even manipulated<br>without the individual knowing about it. Making posts on social networking<br>sites that refer to third parties or posting photographs of others are a few of the<br>examples where individuals disclose the personal data of other parties, often<br>without their knowledge or consent. The consequences to the individual in terms<br>of reputation and future education and employment prospects can be significant.<br>Many privacy laws do not apply to the use of personal data by individuals in a<br>personal or domestic capacity, and the individual may be left largely<br>unaccountable for his or her actions. Given the key role that individuals play in<br>transmitting personal data, education and awareness activities may be required<br>to help them better understand the risks involved in posting information about<br>themselves and others online, and further consideration may need to be given to<br>their role in privacy protection frameworks.</p>\n<footer id='55' style='font-size:14px'>THE OECD PRIVACY FRAMEWORK \u00a9 OECD 2013</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2569806, "type": "html", "content": "<table id='17' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td></td><td>\u2022 Online identifier, such as a username It may also include factors specific to the individual\u2019s physical, physiological, genetic, mental, economic, cultural or social identity.</td></tr><tr><td>Special categories of personal data</td><td>Personal data which is more sensitive and so needs more protection, including information about an individual\u2019s: \u2022 Racial or ethnic origin \u2022 Political opinions \u2022 Religious or philosophical beliefs \u2022 Trade union membership \u2022 Genetics \u2022 Biometrics (such as fingerprints, retina and iris patterns), where used for identification purposes \u2022 Health \u2013 physical or mental \u2022 Sex life or sexual orientation</td></tr><tr><td>Processing</td><td>Anything done to personal data, such as collecting, recording, organising, structuring, storing, adapting, altering, retrieving, using, disseminating, erasing or destroying. Processing can be automated or manual.</td></tr><tr><td>Data subject</td><td>The identified or identifiable individual whose personal data is held or processed.</td></tr><tr><td>Data controller</td><td>A person or organisation that determines the purposes and the means of processing of personal data.</td></tr><tr><td>Data processor</td><td>A person or other body, other than an employee of the data controller, who processes personal data on behalf of the data controller.</td></tr><tr><td>Personal data breach</td><td>A breach of security leading to the accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, unauthorised disclosure of, or access to personal data.</td></tr></table>\n<h1 id='18' style='font-size:18px'>4. The data controller</h1>\n<br><p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Our school processes personal data relating to parents, pupils, staff, governors, visitors and others, and<br>therefore is a data controller.</p>\n<br><p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The school is registered as a data controller with the ICO and will renew this registration annually or as<br>otherwise legally required.</p>\n<footer id='21' style='font-size:14px'>3</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2816401, "type": "text", "content": "98 \u2013 4. THE EVOLVING PRIVACY LANDSCAPE: 30 YEARS AFTER THE OECD PRIVACY\nGUIDELINES\n\n\nGiven the relatively static data transfers and comparatively simple \nbusiness models and relationships in place when data protection principles \nwere first being drawn up, the concept of data controller did not contemplate \nscenarios where many players could be considered data controllers. \nIncreasingly complex business models and relationships, as well as new \ntechnologies, can make it challenging to determine who the data controller is \nand therefore who is responsible for protecting the personal data. \nSubcontracting, outsourcing, evolving partnerships between organisations in \nvalue chains, behavioural advertising, and other emerging business models \ncan add layers of complexity in determining responsibilities and identifying \nroles. Often an entity can be a controller related to one use of information \nand a co-controller, processor or sub-processor for another.\n\n\n \n\nAnother example of new business models and new technologies that \nchallenge the clear determination of data controllership concerns online \nplatforms that can be accessed by third parties to develop applications, using \npersonal data. While this may foster innovation and economic growth, the \nissue of which party is accountable for protecting the personal data of the \nusers is one of serious concern to many observers, users, and privacy \nregulators.68 In this context, individuals in a possibly non-commercial \ncapacity may be acting as controllers and processors by developing appli- \ncations, creating content or disseminating information. Another example of \nthe changing nature of the data controller concerns RFID technologies. Does \na retailer that sells goods with RFID chips embedded in them, but not \nenabled, bear any responsibility as a data controller?\n\n\n \n\nThe concept of data controller also did not necessarily contemplate the \npossibility of individuals acting in a manner similar to data controllers with \nrespect to the personal data of others, a development that has been triggered\nby \nthe emergence of Web 2.0. User-generated and crowd-sourced content raise \nissues around responsibility and liability. For example, videos that\nindividuals \npost online about themselves can be reposted by others and even manipulated \nwithout the individual knowing about it. Making posts on social networking \nsites that refer to third parties or posting photographs of others are a few\nof the \nexamples where individuals disclose the personal data of other parties, often \nwithout their knowledge or consent. The consequences to the individual in\nterms \nof reputation and future education and employment prospects can be\nsignificant. \nMany privacy laws do not apply to the use of personal data by individuals in a \npersonal or domestic capacity, and the individual may be left largely \nunaccountable for his or her actions. Given the key role that individuals play\nin \ntransmitting personal data, education and awareness activities may be required \nto help them better understand the risks involved in posting information about \nthemselves and others online, and further consideration may need to be given\nto \ntheir role in privacy protection frameworks.\n\n\nTHE OECD PRIVACY FRAMEWORK \u00a9 OECD 2013\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3586373, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='93' style='font-size:18px'>Component #6: Controls</h1>\n<br><p id='94' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>It\u2019s well established that data is constantly at risk. With the<br>proliferation of sensitive data breaches \u2013 and the consequences<br>for those who were entrusted with the data \u2013<br>it is becoming clear that data can also represent risk.</p>\n<br><figure><img id='95' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(897,179); bottom-right:(1126,330)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='96' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>How do we deal with risk? We manage it, preferably by<br>preventing the events that we don\u2019t want to occur. Those we<br>can\u2019t be sure of preventing, we at least detect, so we can then<br>correct the problem. Organization\u2019s risk management strategies<br>are made operational through controls.</p>\n<br><p id='97' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Often the Data Governance program is asked to recommend<br>data-related controls that could be applied at multiple levels of<br>the controls stack (network / operating system; database;<br>application; user processes) to support governance goals.</p>\n<br><p id='98' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Data Governance may also be asked to recommend ways that<br>existing general controls (Change Management, policies,<br>training, SDLCs and Project Management, etc.) could be<br>modified to support governance goals or enterprise goals.</p>\n<br><p id='99' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Data Governance Components that Deal With<br>People and Organizational Bodies</p>\n<br><p id='100' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Data Governance programs generally include several<br>organizational bodies. At the least, Data Governance involves<br>Data Stakeholders, Data Stewards, and a Data Governance<br>Office (or its equivalent). Some programs also include Data<br>Quality Stewards with specific responsibilities for monitoring<br>and addressing certain quality characteristics.</p>\n<br><h1 id='101' style='font-size:18px'>Component #7: Data Stakeholders</h1>\n<br><p id='102' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Data Stakeholders come from across the organization.<br>They include groups who create data, those who use data,<br>and those who set rules and requirements for data. Because<br>Data Stakeholders affect and are affected by data-related<br>decisions, they will have expectations that must be addressed<br>by the Data Governance program.</p>\n<br><p id='103' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Some will expect to be included in some kinds of data-related<br>decisions. Some will be expected to be consulted before<br>decisions are formalized, and others will be satisfied to be<br>informed of decisions after they are made.</p>\n<br><p id='104' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Often, a subset of executive stakeholders will form a Data<br>Governance Board to provide oversight to the program, issue<br>policies, and resolve issues. Other times, governance oversight<br>is provided by an existing organizational body, such as an IT<br>Steering Committee or an Executive team.</p>\n<br><p id='105' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Background</p>\n<br><p id='106' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Controls can<br>be:</p>\n<br><p id='107' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\u2022 Preventative<br>\u2022 Detective<br>\u2022 Corrective.</p>\n<p id='108' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>T hey can<br>manual,<br>technology-<br>aided, or<br>completely<br>automated.</p>\n<figure><img id='109' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(908,999); bottom-right:(1122,1154)\" /></figure>\n<p id='110' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Best Practice</p>\n<br><p id='111' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Consider<br>implementing<br>a Data<br>Governance<br>Board made<br>up of<br>executive-<br>level<br>stakeholders.</p>\n<footer id='112' style='font-size:14px'>The DGI Data Governance Framework \u00a9 The Data Governance Institute Page 17 of 20</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2751891, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='11' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf0b7 Staying continuously and actively involved in the operations of the<br>business,</p>\n<br><p id='12' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf0b7 Setting realistic expectations, considering the limitations that place<br>pressures on employees,</p>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf0b7 Allocating appropriate technical and personnel resources to meet<br>operational requirements and expectations,</p>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf0b7 Implementing fair and just consequences and rewards that promote good<br>cultural attitudes towards ensuring data integrity, and</p>\n<br><p id='15' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf0b7 Being aware of regulatory trends to apply \u201clessons learned\u201d to the<br>organisation.</p>\n<h1 id='16' style='font-size:16px'>6 .4 Modernising the Pharmaceutical Quality System</h1>\n<br><p id='17' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>6.4.1 The application of modern quality risk management principles and good data<br>management practices to the current Pharmaceutical Quality System serves<br>to modernize the system to meet the challenges that come with the<br>generation of complex data.</p>\n<br><p id='18' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>6.4.2 The company\u2019s Pharmaceutical Quality System should be able to prevent,<br>detect and correct weaknesses in the system or their processes that may<br>lead to data integrity lapses. The company should know their data life cycle<br>and integrate the appropriate controls and procedures such that the data<br>generated will be valid, complete and reliable. Specifically, such control and<br>procedural changes may be in the following areas:</p>\n<br><p id='19' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf0b7 Quality Risk Management,</p>\n<br><p id='20' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>\uf0b7 Investigation programs,</p>\n<br><p id='21' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>\uf0b7 Data review practices (section 9),</p>\n<br><p id='22' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>\uf0b7 Computerised system validation,</p>\n<br><p id='23' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>\uf0b7 IT infrastructure, services and security (physical and virtual),</p>\n<br><p id='24' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>\uf0b7 Vendor/contractor management,</p>\n<br><p id='25' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>\uf0b7 Training program to include company\u2019s approach to data governance and<br>data governance SOPs,</p>\n<br><p id='26' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf0b7 Storage, processing, transfer and retrieval of completed records,<br>including decentralised/cloud-based data storage, processing and<br>transfer activities,</p>\n<br><p id='27' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf0b7 Appropriate oversight of the purchase of GMP/GDP critical equipment<br>and IT infrastructure that incorporate requirements designed to meet data<br>integrity expectations, e.g. User Requirement Specifications, (Refer<br>section 9.2)</p>\n<br><p id='28' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>\uf0b7 Self-inspection program to include data quality and integrity, and</p>\n<br><p id='29' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf0b7 Performance indicators (quality metrics) and reporting to senior<br>management.</p>\n<footer id='30' style='font-size:14px'>P I 041-1</footer>\n<br><footer id='31' style='font-size:14px'>13 of 63</footer>\n<br><footer id='32' style='font-size:14px'>1 July 2021</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 640409, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Figure 2 shows the system architecture. The following is<br>a brief explanation of the main data (cid:13)ows in the system:</p>\n<p id='38' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(cid:15) Content { Flowing horizontally from the Music Distri-<br>bution Network, a piece of music will (cid:13)ow through the<br>Filter, Cache Controller, IPMP Decoder (cid:12)nally being<br>converted into sound by the Music Renderer.</p>\n<p id='39' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(cid:15) Metadata { Entering the system from the Music Distri-<br>bution Network, relevant Content Metadata is stored<br>in the Cache Controller, and made available to the<br>Playout selector for examination. When a piece of mu-<br>sic is selected, the associated metadata is passed up to<br>the DJ for User Interface control.</p>\n<p id='40' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(cid:15) User Pro(cid:12)le { Stored in the Prefs database, the user<br>pro(cid:12)le is broken into three sets of criteria based on<br>the volatility of the data. These criteria (Figure 3)<br>are used by the Filter, the Cache Controller and the<br>Playout Selector to assist with di(cid:11)erent stages of the<br>(cid:12)ltering process.</p>\n<figure><img id='41' style='font-size:18px' alt=\"Long Term Criteria Mid Term Criteria Short Term Criteria\nUser Profile\nLong Term Data Short Term Data\n(e.g. Favourite Genre) (e.g. Mood - happy, sad, angry, etc.)\" data-coord=\"top-left:(656,935); bottom-right:(1166,1110)\" /></figure>\n<caption id='42' style='font-size:14px'>Figure 3: User Pro(cid:12)le and Criteria</caption>\n<p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>A brief description of the modules of the system follows.</p>\n<p id='44' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(cid:15) The Filter Module { The Filter acts as a network inter-<br>face, informing the cache controller of relevant avail-<br>able content and delivering the content on request.</p>\n<p id='45' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(cid:15) The Cache Controller Module { The Cache Controller<br>is responsible for managing the Cache and ensuring<br>that a good variety of music is always available to the<br>Playout Selector.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2751887, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='81' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf0b7 process consistency (e.g. biological production processes or analytical<br>tests may exhibit a higher degree of variability compared to small<br>molecule chemistry);</p>\n<br><p id='82' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf0b7 degree of automation / human interaction;</p>\n<br><p id='83' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf0b7 subjectivity of outcome / result (i.e. is the process open-ended vs well<br>defined);</p>\n<br><p id='84' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf0b7 outcomes of a comparison between electronic system data and manually<br>recorded events (e.g. apparent discrepancies between analytical reports<br>and raw-data acquisition times); and</p>\n<br><p id='85' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf0b7 inherent data integrity controls incorporated into the system or software.</p>\n<br><p id='86' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>5.5.5</p>\n<br><p id='87' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>For computerised systems, manual interfaces with IT systems should be<br>considered in the risk assessment process. Computerised system validation<br>in isolation may not result in low data integrity risk, in particular, if the user is<br>able to influence the reporting of data from the validated system, and system<br>validation does not address the basic requirements outlined in section 9 of<br>this document. A fully automated and validated process together with a<br>configuration that does not allow human intervention, or reduces human<br>intervention to a minimum, is preferable as this design lowers the data<br>integrity risk. Appropriate procedural controls should be installed and verified<br>where integrated controls are not possible for technical reasons.</p>\n<br><p id='88' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>5.5.6 Critical thinking skills should be used by inspectors to determine whether<br>control and review procedures effectively achieve their desired outcomes. An<br>indicator of data governance maturity is an organisational understanding and<br>acceptance of residual risk, which prioritises actions. An organisation which<br>believes that there is \u2018no risk\u2019 of data integrity failure is unlikely to have made<br>an adequate assessment of inherent risks in the data lifecycle. The approach<br>to assessment of data lifecycle, criticality and risk should therefore be<br>examined in detail. This may indicate potential failure modes which can be<br>investigated during an inspection.</p>\n<p id='89' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>5 .6 Data governance system review</p>\n<br><p id='90' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>5.6.1 The effectiveness of data integrity control measures should be assessed<br>periodically as part of self-inspection (internal audit) or other periodic review<br>processes. This should ensure that controls over the data lifecycle are<br>operating as intended.</p>\n<br><p id='91' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>5.6.2 In addition to routine data verification checks (e.g. daily, batch- or activity-<br>related), self-inspection activities should be extended to a wider review of<br>control measures, including:</p>\n<br><p id='92' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf0b7 A check of continued personnel understanding of good data management<br>practice in the context of protecting of the patient, and ensuring the<br>maintenance of a working environment which is focussed on quality and<br>open reporting of issues (e.g. by review of continued training in good data<br>management principles and expectations).</p>\n<br><p id='93' data-category='list' style='font-size:20px'>\uf0b7 A review for consistency of reported data/outcomes against raw entries.<br>This may review data not included during the routine data verification</p>\n<footer id='94' style='font-size:14px'>P I 041-1</footer>\n<br><footer id='95' style='font-size:14px'>9 of 63</footer>\n<br><footer id='96' style='font-size:14px'>1 July 2021</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 75914, "type": "text", "content": "# Salford Integrated Record Dataflow \u2013 270,000 individuals\n\n\n# GP\n\n\n \n\n# Other\n\n\n \n\n# (hospital\n\n\n \n\n# (personal,\n\n\n \n\n# Salford\n\n\n \n\n# Data controllers\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2535629, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Stage 3: The user treats the network as a single resource and is<br>unconcerned with the location of the services, data files,<br>etc. All references are by name. In this mode of opera-<br>tion, the data control facility can function as a referral<br>center for data service requests by using the most ap-<br>propriate data service available and by automatically<br>combining the use of several services that may be needed<br>to satisfy a request. For example, data could be retrieved<br>from several files, each managed by a different data<br>management system. The data control facility must be<br>cognizant of the location of data files, their structure,<br>data management system capabilities, etc.</p>\n<p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Some approaches to the design of the data control facility have<br>been suggested by Shoshani, notably the integrated data management<br>system (IDMS) and the unified data management system (UDMS). The<br>notion of the network machine (RFC #51) is closest to the capabilities<br>one would see in Stage 3.</p>\n<h1 id='20' style='font-size:14px'>Relevant Areas of Development</h1>\n<p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The data control facility can range anywhere from a simple inter-<br>face to an intelligent front-end processor to a network-wide re-<br>ferral system. In any case, a common means is desirable for<br>handling applications such as file transfer, on-line update and<br>retrieval of data, information gathering and reporting, and program<br>access to data. To attain this end, a few of the areas in which<br>developments will be required include:</p>\n<p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>a) a data description language, permitting the user to define<br>the physical structure of files, to define logical files,<br>and to categorize data fields for name referencing. The<br>language should be designed to facilitate the resolution of<br>physical discrepancies in data and file structures. The<br>user should be able to superimpose logical restructuring of<br>data without any change in the physical structure.</p>\n<p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>[Page 3]</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	The data controllers segment is mentioned with no specific details. How would identifying these entities affect the interpretation of the Salford Integrated Record Dataflow structure?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 390, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["multi-constraint reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 3646009, "type": "html", "content": "<br><p id='102' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>This course is a holistic approach to stress management, with regards<br>to both cognitive (coping) skills and a host of relaxation techniques<br>with the intention to prevent and/or alleviate the physical symptoms<br>of stress. The course is composed to both theoretical and experiential<br>learning through a series of class exercise techniques. This course may<br>be repeated once.</p>\n<br><h1 id='103' style='font-size:16px'>1 Cr Hrs</h1>\n<p id='104' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>HACT 152 Employee Wellness</p>\n<br><p id='105' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>1 Cr Hrs</p>\n<p id='106' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>1 Cr Hrs</p>\n<p id='107' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Employee Wellness is designed for CSI employees and their spouse.<br>Participants complete a self-directed fitness or wellness program,<br>participate in wellness workshops, and have access to wellness<br>resources on the course\u2019s blackboard site. Participants complete a pre-<br>and post-fitness evaluation and/or a pre- and post-self-perception<br>lifestyle inventory. This course fulfills one credit of the HACT activity<br>requirement for an associate of arts degree. This course may be repeated<br>once for credit.</p>\n<br><p id='108' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>1 Cr Hrs</p>\n<p id='109' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>HACT 153 Activity by Contract 1 1 Cr Hrs</p>\n<br><p id='110' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Activity by Contract 1 is designed for the motivated student who<br>seeks an individualized introduction to physical fitness and related<br>wellness experiences. Students are required to make weekly contact<br>with the instructor, complete pre and post-fitness evaluations and<br>course assignments, and design and implement an individual workout<br>program. This course may be repeated once.</p>\n<br><p id='111' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>1 Cr Hrs</p>\n<p id='112' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>HACT 154 Activity by Contract 2 1 Cr Hrs</p>\n<br><p id='113' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>1 Cr Hrs</p>\n<p id='114' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Activity by Contract 2 is a continuation of Activity of Contract 1. The<br>course requires students to make weekly contact with the instructor,<br>complete pre and post-fitness, evaluations and wellness components,<br>and design and implement an individual workout program. This course<br>may be repeated once.</p>\n<br><p id='115' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>1 Cr Hrs</p>\n<br><footer id='116' style='font-size:22px'>HEALTH,<br>RECREATION<br>&<br>FITNESS<br>DEPARTMENT</footer>\n<footer id='117' style='font-size:14px'>College of Southern Idaho 2015-2016 Catalog</footer>\n<br><footer id='118' style='font-size:14px'>www.csi.edu</footer>\n<br><footer id='119' style='font-size:14px'>Page 149</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1348389, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='0' style='font-size:22px'>SAMPLE SCHEDULE - CLASSES AND TIMES ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE</h1>\n<h1 id='1' style='font-size:20px'>Sample Classes Week</h1>\n<br><p id='2' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Stay flexible...in more ways than one! After you secure your spa appointments, try<br>sketching out your personal program for an entire week, or take it day by day.<br>Our Fitness Concierge is always ready to help you get the most out of your week.<br>You\u2019ll soon discover many \u201cdon\u2019t miss!\u201d experiences that inspire schedule changes.</p>\n<br><p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Seek a balance when considering the many options for movement, nutrition,<br>relaxation, entertainment and learning.</p>\n<br><p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Keep in mind a few guidelines for the week:</p>\n<br><p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 We are a \u201cdigital noise-free environment\u201d. Please turn off ringers and alerts on<br>your devices. If you must answer or make a call, do so in the privacy of your room,<br>or the Administration Bldg.<br>\u2022 \u201cProgressive\u201d classes are a continuum over several days. Your knowledge of that<br>particular discipline and your fitness level will grow with each passing day. If you<br>miss the first day, don\u2019t despair; you can still drop in on subsequent days.<br>\u2022 Sign up for classes are posted in the main lounge cork board.<br>\u2022 Classes are limited based on social distancing and equipment availability.<br>\u2022 Classes and activities begin on time and last 45 minutes unless noted otherwise.</p>\n<p id='6' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>6:15 \uf06f\uf020Mountain Hike: Professor\u2019s challenging 3.3 Miles Gazebo<br>6:45 \uf06f\uf020Woodlands Hike 2 Miles Gazebo<br>9:00 \uf06f\uf020Stretch Pinetree<br>10:15 \uf06f\uf020Meditation Oaktree<br>11:30 \uf06f\uf020Yoga: All Levels Monta\u00f1a<br>11:45\u2013 1:30 Fitness Concierge Dining Hall</p>\n<br><p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>SUNDAY<br>Class spaces are limited to first come first served</p>\n<br><p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>6:15 6:15</p>\n<p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>6:30</p>\n<br><p id='10' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\uf06f\uf020Mountain Hike: Pilgrim Advanced Option of 3.5 or<br>Challenging 4.5 Miles (Su,W) Gazebo<br>\uf06f\uf020Mountain Hike: Alex\u2019s Oak 2 Miles (Su,W) Gazebo<br>\uf06f\uf020Quail Hike 2 Miles with an Option to do an Extra Moderate<br>Half Mile (Su,T,Th) Gazebo</p>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>6:45 9:00 6:45</p>\n<h1 id='12' style='font-size:20px'>SATURDAY</h1>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>8:15 9:00</p>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>9:00</p>\n<p id='15' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>A fitness specialist is available to answer all questions Activity Pool</p>\n<br><p id='16' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>2:00 \uf06f\uf020Shallow Water Workout Activity Pool<br>\uf06f\uf020Sound Healing Oaktree<br>3:15 \uf06f\uf020Stretch Pinetree<br>4:00 \uf06f\uf020Set Your Ranch Intention, Tips for a Magical Week<br>Olmeca<br>5:00 \uf06f\uf020Ranch Tour (recommended for first time guests) Gazebo<br>\uf06f\uf020Returning Guest Update Tolteca</p>\n<br><p id='17' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>5:30 \uf06f\uf020First Time Guest Orientation Olmeca<br>6:45 \uf06f\uf020Meet the Presenters Dining Hall<br>7:15 \uf06f\uf020Movie Knives Out Library Lounge<br>8:00 \uf06f\uf020A Balanced Glass-Is Your Glass Empty or Full? with<br>Lydia Mondavi Olmeca</p>\n<p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>MEAL HOURS</p>\n<br><p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>SATURDAY</p>\n<br><p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Breakfast 6:30 am to 9:00 am<br>Lunch 11:30 am to 3:30 pm<br>Dinner 5:30 pm to 7:30 pm</p>\n<br><p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>AVAILABLE FACILITIES<br>WHEN NO CLASS IS IN SESSION</p>\n<br><p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>1:00</p>\n<p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>2:00</p>\n<p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Milagro - Meditation Room<br>6:00 am to 9:00 pm</p>\n<br><p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>3:15</p>\n<p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Activity Pool - Lap Swim<br>7:00 am to 5:00 pm</p>\n<br><p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY<br>Breakfast 7:30 am to 9:00 am<br>Lunch 12:00 pm to 1:30 pm<br>Dinner 5:30 pm to 7:30 pm</p>\n<br><p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Azteca Gym - Weight Room<br>Saturday: 7:00 am to 1:00 pm<br>Sunday \u2013 Friday: 7:00 am to to 5:00 pm</p>\n<br><p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>SNACK TIMES</p>\n<br><p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>4:30</p>\n<p id='31' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Main Lounge UNSTAFFED PICK UP GAMES</p>\n<br><p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Sunday \u2013 Friday Pickleball</p>\n<br><p id='33' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Fruit: 10:30 am</p>\n<p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Veggies & Juice 4:30 pm</p>\n<br><p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Smoothies: 2:45 pm 7:15</p>\n<br><p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>9 am Su,T,Th 5:00</p>\n<p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Sand Volleyball</p>\n<br><p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>7:15</p>\n<br><p id='39' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>4 pm Su - F 8:00</p>\n<br><p id='40' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\uf06f\uf020Fitness Concierge 30 mins (Su) Dining Hall<br>\uf06f\uf020Feldenkrais (Su,M) Oaktree<br>\uf06f\uf020Introduction to Circuit Training (Su) Azteca<br>\uf06f\uf020Introduction to Pilates Mat: Fundamentals Progressive (Su)<br>Pinetree<br>\uf06f\uf020Sculpt & Strengthen: Level 2 (Su,W) Olmeca<br>\uf06f\uf020Stretch (Su-F) Monta\u00f1a<br>\uf06f\uf020Tennis Clinic: Level 1 (Su,T) Tennis Courts<br>\uf06f\uf020TRX HIIT - Circuit (Su,W also 10:15a F) Tolteca<br>10:15 \uf06f\uf020Dance: Latin Fusion (Su) Kuchumaa<br>\uf06f\uf020Introduction to Circuit Training (Su) Azteca<br>\uf06f\uf020Pilates Arc Barrel: Level 2 (Su,Th) Pinetree<br>\uf06f\uf020Ranch Cycling: All Levels (Su,T,Th) Pai Pai<br>\uf06f\uf020Tennis Clinic: Level 2 (Su,T) Tennis Courts<br>\uf06f\uf020Chant (Su also 9a Th) Arroyo<br>\uf06f\uf020Yoga Fundamentals (Su-F) Monta\u00f1a<br>11:30 \uf06f\uf020Cardio Muscle Blast (Su) Azteca<br>\uf06f\uf020Gyrokinesis\u00ae (Su,M,T) Pinetree<br>\uf06f\uf020Stretch (Su,T,Th) Oaktree<br>\uf06f\uf020The Wave: Shallow Water Workout with Craig Stuart (Su-F)<br>Activity Pool<br>\uf06f\uf020\uf020The Whys and Hows of Pole Use for Hiking Bring your<br>hiking poles (Su) Meet outside Arroyo<br>\uf06f\uf020Yoga: Level 2 60 mins (Su,T,W,Th) Monta\u00f1a<br>\uf06f\uf020Feldenkrais: Improving Posture and Balance with<br>Donna Wood Oaktree<br>\uf06f\uf020Nutrition Wellness: Eating Right for Life \u2013 Dietary Nutrition,<br>with Jody Miller, MA, RCEP Olmeca<br>\uf06f\uf020WATSU\uf0d2 WaterDance\uf0d2 Demonstration (S) South Pool<br>\uf06f\uf020Aerial Yoga: Gentle, Low hammock please wear socks and<br>sleeves (Su,M,W) Kuchumaa<br>\uf06f\uf020Deep Water Training with Craig Stuart (Su,T,Th) Activity Pool<br>\uf06f\uf020Feldenkrais (Su) Oaktree<br>\uf06f\uf020Knitting for Wellness with David de la Paz 60 min Sign up<br>Gazebo<br>\uf06f\uf020Pilates Reformer: Fundamentals (Su,M,F also 3:15p Su,Th)<br>Pilates Studio<br>\uf06f\uf020Ranch Reset- Juice It Up! Lecture and Juice with Regina<br>Montalvo, MS, LAc Olmeca<br>\uf06f\uf020Ranch Barre (Su) Olmeca<br>\uf06f\uf020Pilates Reformer: Fundamentals (Su,Th also 2p Su,M)<br>Pilates Studio<br>\uf06f\uf020Sound Healing (Su,M,W,Th,F) Oaktree<br>\uf06f\uf020What\u2019s Happened to All of the Butterflies? with Suzanne<br>Clarke Arroyo<br>\uf06f\uf020Foam Roller Please wear socks (Su,T,Th) Tolteca<br>\uf06f\uf020Sound Healing (Su) Oaktree<br>\uf06f\uf020Inner Fitness: Love or Fear- The Big Shift!--It\u2019s Your<br>Choice! with Emily Boorstein, Life Coach Arroyo<br>\uf06f\uf020Fun with Poker \u2013 Basics of Texas Hold\u2019em, with Lorraine<br>Clayton and Johnny Goebel (Su,T) Olmeca<br>\uf06f\uf020\uf020Movie Rocketman Library Lounge<br>\uf06f\uf020Concert Bach and Beethoven, with Aleck Karis, piano<br>Oaktree</p>\n<br><p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>8:00</p>\n<br><h1 id='42' style='font-size:20px'>MONDAY</h1>\n<p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>6:45</p>\n<br><p id='44' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Class spaces are limited to first come first served<br>\uf06f\uf020Mountain Hike: Professor\u2019s challenging 3.3 (M,Th) Gazebo<br>\uf06f\uf020Woodlands Hike 2 Miles (M,W,F) Gazebo</p>\n<br><p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>TUESDAY<br>Class spaces are limited to first come first served</p>\n<br><p id='46' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>6:05</p>\n<p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>10:15</p>\n<br><p id='48' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf06f\uf020Circuit Training (M,W,F) Azteca<br>\uf06f\uf020Feldenkrais (Su,M) Oaktree<br>\uf06f\uf020Meditation (M,T,F) Milagro<br>\uf06f\uf020Pickleball: Beginner (M,W) please wear court shoes<br>Pickleball Courts<br>\uf06f\uf020Pilates Mat: Fundamentals Progressive<br>(M-F) Pinetree<br>\uf06f\uf020Pump It: Level 2 (M,F) Tolteca<br>\uf06f\uf020Stretch (Su-F) Monta\u00f1a</p>\n<br><p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>6:15</p>\n<p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>1:00</p>\n<p id='51' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>2:00</p>\n<br><p id='52' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf06f\uf020Circuit Training (M-F) Azteca<br>\uf06f\uf020Dance: Cardio Hip Hop Body Rock (M) Kuchumaa<br>\uf06f\uf020Pickleball: Intermediate (M,W) please wear court shoes<br>Pickleball Courts<br>\uf06f\uf020Pilates Mat: Level 2 (M,W,F) Pinetree<br>\uf06f\uf020Sculpt & Strengthen: Level 1 (M) Olmeca<br>\uf06f\uf020Water Jogging with Craig Stuart (M,F) Activity Pool<br>\uf06f\uf020Yoga Fundamentals (Su-F) Monta\u00f1a<br>\uf06f\uf020Drawing with Jennifer 2 hours Art Studio</p>\n<br><p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>11:30 \uf06f\uf020Cycle 30: All Levels 30 mins (M) Pai Pai</p>\n<br><p id='54' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\uf06f\uf020Organic Garden Breakfast Hike Moderate 4 Miles Sign up<br>(T,W,Th) Gazebo<br>\uf06f\uf020Mountain Hike: Coyote Advanced 5.5 or 4 Miles (T, F) Gazebo<br>\uf06f\uf020Quail Hike 2 Miles with an Option to do an Extra Moderate<br>Half Mile (Su,T,Th) Gazebo</p>\n<p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>10:15</p>\n<p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>3:15</p>\n<p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>4:30</p>\n<br><p id='58' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>11:30</p>\n<br><p id='59' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\uf06f\uf020Bird Walk (T,Th) Gazebo<br>\uf06f\uf020BOSU\u00ae Fit (T,Th) Olmeca<br>\uf06f\uf020Meditation (M,T,F) Milagro<br>\uf06f\uf020Pilates Mat: Fundamentals Progressive (M-F) Pinetree<br>\uf06f\uf020Stretch (Su-F) Monta\u00f1a<br>\uf06f\uf020Tennis Clinic: Level 1 (Su,T) Tennis Courts</p>\n<p id='60' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>\uf06f\uf020Gyrokinesis\u00ae (Su,M,T) Pinetree</p>\n<br><p id='61' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\uf06f\uf020Circuit Training (M-F) Azteca<br>\uf06f\uf020Dance: Intro. to Salsa (T) Kuchumaa<br>\uf06f\uf020Pilates on the Ball: Level 2 (T) Olmeca<br>\uf06f\uf020Ranch Cycling: All Levels (Su,T,Th) Pai Pai<br>\uf06f\uf020Tennis Clinic: Level 2 (Su,T) Tennis Courts<br>\uf06f\uf020Yoga Fundamentals (Su-F) Monta\u00f1a<br>\uf06f\uf020Watercolor with Jennifer 2 hours Art Studio</p>\n<p id='62' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>\uf06f\uf020Yoga Sculpt: Level 2 60 mins (M) Olmeca</p>\n<br><p id='63' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\uf06f\uf020TRX Fundamentals (M,Th) Tolteca 1:00 \uf06f\uf020Nutrition Wellness: Managing Cravings - Mindful/Intuitive</p>\n<br><p id='64' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>\uf06f\uf020Release & Mobilize please wear socks (M,W,F) Oaktree</p>\n<br><p id='65' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>\uf06f\uf020The Wave: Shallow Water Workout with Craig Stuart (Su-F)</p>\n<br><p id='66' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\uf06f\uf020Gyrokinesis\u00ae (Su,M,T) Pinetree<br>\uf06f\uf020Kettlebells 30 mins (T) Tolteca<br>\uf06f\uf020Stretch (Su,T,Th) Oaktree<br>\uf06f\uf020The Bounce 30 mins (T,Th) Kuchumaa<br>\uf06f\uf020The Wave: Shallow Water Workout with Craig Stuart (Su-F)<br>Activity Pool<br>\uf06f\uf020Yoga: Level 2 60 mins (Su,T,W,Th) Monta\u00f1a<br>\uf06f\uf020Knitting for Wellness with David de la Paz 60 min Sign up<br>Gazebo</p>\n<p id='67' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf06f\uf020Nutrition Wellness: Building Healthy Eating Patterns/<br>Habits\u2013Behavioral Nutrition with Jody Miller, MA, RECP<br>Olmeca<br>\uf06f\uf020Chakra Health: Opening and Balancing Exercises for<br>Your Energy Centers with Jonelle Rutkauskas Tolteca</p>\n<br><p id='68' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf06f\uf020Aerial Yoga: Gentle, Low hammock please wear socks and<br>sleeves (Su,M,W) Kuchumaa<br>\uf06f\uf020Balance & Coordination (M) Olmeca<br>\uf06f\uf020H2O Bootcamp (M,W) Activity Pool<br>\uf06f\uf020Inner Fitness: Healthy Inner Dialogue \u2013 Discover Your<br>Joyous Adult, with Emily Boorstein, Life Coach Arroyo<br>\uf06f\uf020Pilates Reformer: Fundamentals (Su,M,F also 3:15p Su,Th)<br>Pilates Studio<br>\uf06f\uf020Travel Journaling, with Jennifer 2 hours Art Studio</p>\n<p id='69' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf06f\uf020Stretch & Relax (M,W,F) Monta\u00f1a<br>\uf06f\uf020Inner Journey: Guided Meditation (M,W,F) Oaktree<br>\uf06f\uf020Documentary: Tree of Life, The Living Legacy of Edmond<br>Szekely Library Lounge</p>\n<br><p id='70' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>Eating with Jody Miller, MA, RCEP Olmeca Gym<br>\uf06f\uf020Bean-to-Bar Chocolate class \u2013 a delicious experience. 90 mins<br>Register at ext. 631 or 640/ Fee/ Departs from Admin Bldg.<br>\uf06f\uf020Sculpting Class with Jos\u00e9 Ignacio Casta\u00f1eda Art Studio</p>\n<br><p id='71' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>2:00</p>\n<p id='72' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf06f\uf020Pilates Reformer: Level 2 (M,T also 11:30a W) Pilates Studio<br>\uf06f\uf020Sound Healing (Su,M,W,Th,F) Oaktree<br>\uf06f\uf020Stability Ball 30 mins (M) Olmeca<br>\uf06f\uf020Water Volleyball (M) Central Pool</p>\n<br><p id='73' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>3:15</p>\n<p id='74' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>\uf06f\uf020Fiesta at the Bazar! All invited! Sangria and guacamole.<br>60mins Bazar del Sol</p>\n<p id='75' data-category='list' style='font-size:16px'>7:15 \uf06f\uf020Movie Little Women Library Lounge<br>8:00 \uf06f\uf020The Art of Playing with the Rain, with Christina Bertea<br>Olmeca</p>\n<br><p id='76' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\uf06f\uf020Aqua Board (T,Th also 3:15p T,Th) Central Pool<br>\uf06f\uf020Circuit Training (T,Th) Azteca<br>\uf06f\uf020Deep Water Training with Craig Stuart (Su,T,Th) Activity Pool<br>\uf06f\uf020Inner Fitness: Emotional Fluency \u2013 Permission to Feel,<br>with Emily Boorstein, Life Coach Arroyo<br>\uf06f\uf020Pilates Cadillac: Fundamentals (T) Pilates Studio<br>\uf06f\uf020Watercolor Card Making with Jennifer 2 hours Art Studio</p>\n<p id='77' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>4:00</p>\n<p id='78' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>4:30</p>\n<br><p id='79' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\uf06f\uf020Aqua Board (T,Th also 2p T,Th) Central Pool<br>\uf06f\uf020Core Challenge 30 mins (T,F) Olmeca<br>\uf06f\uf020Pilates Reformer: Level 2 (M,T also 11:30a W) Pilates Studio<br>\uf06f\uf020Yoga Workshop: Hip Openers (T) (some yoga experience<br>Required) Monta\u00f1a</p>\n<br><p id='80' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\uf06f\uf020Exploring the Hidden World of Thriving Relationships \u2013<br>with MaryCay Durrant Library Lounge</p>\n<br><p id='81' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\uf06f\uf020Hands-on Cooking Class \u2013 Just Dessert - at La Cocina Que<br>Canta with Visiting Chef Fran Costigan. Dinner prepared by<br>culinary staff. Register at Ext 626, 631 or 640/ Fee/ Departure at<br>4:00pm; approx. return 7:30pm. Meet at Admin. Bldg.</p>\n<p id='82' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\uf06f\uf020\uf020Movie A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood Library Lounge<br>\uf06f\uf020An Evening with Deborah Szekely, Co-founder of Rancho<br>La Puerta: An Informal Question and Answer Session<br>Hosted by Barry Shingle, Program Director Oaktree</p>\n<br><p id='83' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\uf06f\uf020Foam Roller Please wear socks (Su,T,Th) Tolteca<br>\uf06f\uf020Restorative Yoga (T,Th) Monta\u00f1a<br>\uf06f\uf020Fun with Poker \u2013 Basics of Texas Hold\u2019em, with Lorraine<br>Clayton and Johnny Goebel (Su,T) Olmeca<br>\uf06f\uf020Twice Is Nice: Reusing Your Lightly Used Greywater, with<br>Christina Bertea Library Lounge</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2645260, "type": "html", "content": "<table id='25' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>Group Fitness Classes</td></tr><tr><td>1 2) How often do you attend Fitness Classes? Never Once Monthly Once a week 3 or more times each week 1 3) Which classes do you attend? _________________________________________________________________</td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td>1 4) Is there a fitness class you would like to add to our Fitness Schedule? _________________________________________________________________</td></tr><tr><td>1 5) Were you physically able to keep up with the intensity of the classes?</td></tr><tr><td>1 6) Were there exercise alternatives given for people that needed a lower impact version of the exercise?</td></tr><tr><td>1 7) Did you feel you could ask questions to the instructor?</td></tr><tr><td>1 8) Were you able to comfortably work out in the space given to you?</td></tr><tr><td>1 9) What was your favorite part of the class?</td></tr><tr><td>20) Please tell us what, if anything, can be done to improve the fitness classes / Fitness Center.</td></tr><tr><td>____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________</td></tr><tr><td>Thank you!</td></tr><tr><td>LE 13 BST Wellness & Life Enrichment \u2013 July 2021 Edition</td></tr></table>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 701791, "type": "text", "content": "22\n\n\n# Socialising through sport:\n\n\n \n\nRespondents were asked how much time each week on average they spend in\nsocialising with team \nmates, fellow club members or colleagues connected to their sport outside of\nthe actual physical \nparticipation of the sport or activity. 41% of respondents spend between 1-2\nhours socialising \nwhile 29% spend less than one hour per week socialising through their sport.\n30% spend more \nthan 3 hours per week socialising.\n\n\n \n\n# Figure 14: Time spend socialising with sports colleagues\n\n\n# T ime devoted to sports volunteering:\n\n\n \n\nRespondents were asked to estimate the average time spent each week outside of\nthe competitive \nand social aspects mentioned previously, on additional volunteer support for\nother community \nsports/activities (e.g. children's school club or sport)?\"\n\n\n6 7% of respondents volunteer for up to 5 hours per week on supporting\ncommunity sports or \nactivities. 10% of respondents volunteer for 6 or more hours each week. 25%\nvolunteer for 1-2 \nhours, 25% for 1 hour or less and 17% volunteer for 3-5 hours per week.\n\n\n \n\nFigure 15: Time devoted to sports volunteering each week.\n\n\n# ____________________________________________________\n\n\n \nRetaining the Membership of Women in Sport \u2013 CAS 2013\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3578608, "type": "text", "content": "\uf0b7 Only seven per cent of children and fifteen per cent of adults achieve the\nrecommended 150 \nminutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week. (www.NHFDcan.ca \u2013\n\u2018Community Tool \nKit\u2019 \u2013 Fact Sheet) \n\uf0b7 Currently, adults are spending about 9.5 hours a day being sedentary, and\nchildren and youth \nare spending 8.5 hours a day being sedentary. (www.NHFDcan.ca \u2013 \u2018Community\nTool Kit\u2019 \u2013 Fact Sheet) \n\uf0b7 The total health care cost related to inactivity in Canada is $6.8 Billion. \n(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22667697)\n\n\n# Associated Links:\n\n\n# www.NHFDcan.ca\n\n\nFor additional information, please contact: \nMarilyn McIvor \nNational Health and Fitness Day Project Coordinator \nOffice of Senator Nancy Greene Raine \nPhone: 613-402-5154 \nEmail: Marilyn.McIvor@sen.parl.gc.ca\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1247570, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='22' style='font-size:22px'>Did You<br>Know?</h1>\n<br><h1 id='23' style='font-size:20px'>Group Fitness Quarterly Launches</h1>\n<p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>G roup Fitness July Launch Dates: $5 for events for non Spiece Fitness participants</p>\n<p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Members who participate<br>in Group Fitness or with a<br>Trainer statistically get<br>better results than those<br>who work out on their<br>own.</p>\n<figure><img id='26' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(106,350); bottom-right:(275,569)\" /></figure>\n<br><table id='27' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>4th of July Ride</td><td>Saturday, July 3</td><td>7:05 am</td></tr><tr><td>4th of July Ride</td><td>Sunday, July 4</td><td>8:15 am</td></tr><tr><td>Blast</td><td>Thursday, July 15</td><td>5:30 pm</td></tr><tr><td>Rock N Roll Ride</td><td>Tuesday, July 13</td><td>6:15 am</td></tr><tr><td>Group Fight</td><td>Monday, July 19</td><td>6:30 pm</td></tr><tr><td>Group Active</td><td>Friday, July 23</td><td>9:00 am</td></tr><tr><td>Group Centergy</td><td>Tuesday, July 27</td><td>9:15 am</td></tr><tr><td>Group Power</td><td>Friday, July 30</td><td>5:30 pm</td></tr><tr><td>Group Core</td><td>Friday, July 30</td><td>6:30 pm</td></tr><tr><td>R/W/B Zumba</td><td>Friday, July 30</td><td>7:00 pm</td></tr></table>\n<br><figure><img id='28' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(968,176); bottom-right:(1198,451)\" /></figure>\n<p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Laughter is<br>Medicine</p>\n<br><p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>B lue Card Family Membership 1-5 people for just $50 (Includes Classes)<br>2 people over 18 and 3 under 18 to qualify.</p>\n<h1 id='31' style='font-size:20px'>Child Care</h1>\n<p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>H ours: 10:00am-2:00pm Monday - Sunday<br>Age: Walking age-13 years of age<br>Location: Core Zone</p>\n<p id='33' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>A ctivities: Games, Mats, Balls, Jump Ropes, Court time, Coloring<br>station, Etc.</p>\n<p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>P ayment Methods: $5.00 per visit (two-hour limit), per child. Or one<br>of the monthly child care programs, per child</p>\n<br><figure><img id='35' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(58,719); bottom-right:(332,1116)\" /></figure>\n<h1 id='36' style='font-size:20px'>Guest Pricing</h1>\n<br><p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>M onthly Programs</p>\n<br><p id='38' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>1. 60 Minutes / day = $20.00 / Month / CHILD<br>2. 90 Minute / day = $29.99 / Month / CHILD<br>3. 120 Minute / day = $39.99 / Month / CHILD</p>\n<p id='39' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Group Fitness Class<br>$10 per class</p>\n<p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Fitness Day Pass<br>$7 per visit</p>\n<p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Open Gym Pass<br>$7 per person</p>\n<p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Temporary Month Pass<br>Membership plan cost +<br>$20 enrollment Fee</p>\n<br><h1 id='43' style='font-size:20px'>Summer Day Camp</h1>\n<br><p id='44' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>S ession #1: Monday-Friday June 21st- July 2nd</p>\n<br><p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>T ime: 9:00 am-12:00 pm<br>Ages: 6-12<br>Daily Drop in Fee: $10/Child or Pay in Advance Fee: $90/Child</p>\n<p id='46' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>A ctivities: 30 minute youth group fitness class, organized and free play<br>time on the basketball courts (basketball, volleyball, soccer), and more!</p>\n<p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>An actual coach from each the different sports will run the program.<br>A light lunch is provided for all youth!</p>\n<p id='48' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>T o register, please call 260-483-1415, or email info@spiecefitness.com.<br>Drop ins are welcome! We may offer a second session!</p>\n<br><p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Boost</p>\n<br><p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>\uf0b7 Info your immune</p>\n<br><h1 id='51' style='font-size:18px'>Pool</h1>\n<br><h1 id='52' style='font-size:16px'>system and</h1>\n<br><p id='53' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Pool Annual Maintenance is done Sep 8th and will reopen Sep 9th</p>\n<br><p id='54' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>help your body fight off infections.</p>\n<br><p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>with regular hour.</p>\n<br><p id='56' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>2. Reduce stress and anxiety. Help prevent</p>\n<br><p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>H iring Ce</p>\n<br><p id='58' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>the \u201cfunk\u201d you may be experiencing during</p>\n<br><h1 id='59' style='font-size:16px'>this time.</h1>\n<br><p id='60' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>3. Prevent or reduce weight gain that</p>\n<br><p id='61' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>maybe be caused with increased stress or</p>\n<br><p id='62' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>reduced activities and more of at home</p>\n<br><p id='63' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>sedentary lifestyle.</p>\n<br><p id='64' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>4. Improve your sleep that may have been</p>\n<br><figure><img id='65' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(900,875); bottom-right:(1241,1126)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='66' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>reduced from stress and anxiety.</p>\n<p id='67' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>maintain your flexibility, balance, strength</p>\n<br><p id='68' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>A ll well rounded exercise schedule will help</p>\n<p id='69' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>and cardio which will be especially helpful</p>\n<br><p id='70' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>as we head into the colder months. Be safe.</p>\n<br><p id='71' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Be fit. #buildabetteryou</p>\n<br><figure><img id='72' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(1046,1217); bottom-right:(1242,1615)\" /></figure>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2235514, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='69' style='font-size:22px'>Hours Working Per Week and Time Spent in<br>Work Activities</h1>\n<br><p id='70' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Number of working hours per week; Proportion of time spent<br>in different work activities</p>\n<br><caption id='71' style='font-size:16px'>Table 11: Number of Hours Expected to Work Per Week</caption>\n<br><table id='72' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>Expected hours work per week</td><td>Number</td><td>Percent</td></tr><tr><td>1\u2014 10 hours</td><td>7</td><td>0.2%</td></tr><tr><td>10\u201420 hours</td><td>26</td><td>0.9%</td></tr><tr><td>21\u201430 hours</td><td>51</td><td>1.7%</td></tr><tr><td>31\u201440 hours</td><td>1,276</td><td>42.1%</td></tr><tr><td>41\u201450 hours</td><td>1,379</td><td>45.5%</td></tr><tr><td>More than 50 hours</td><td>294</td><td>9.7%</td></tr></table>\n<br><p id='73' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Note: Over half<br>(55.2%) of recently<br>certified PAs who<br>have accepted a<br>clinical position<br>expect to work more<br>than 40 hours per<br>week.</p>\n<p id='74' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Figure 9: Median Proportion of Time Expected to Spend in Activities</p>\n<figure data-category='chart'><img id='75' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"Median Proportion of Time Expected to Spend in the Following Activities\nDirect patient care* (outpatient) 64%\nDirect patient care* (inpatient) 40%\nIndirect patient care 15%\nOther 10%\nAdministration* 5%\nContinuing education 5%\nQuality improvement / patient safety 5%\nFace-to-face\nResearch 5%\nPhone calls, reviewing labs, charting\nTeaching/precepting 5%\n**Own practice, hospital committees\nVolunteerism 5%\" data-coord=\"top-left:(87,691); bottom-right:(1266,1178)\" /></figure>\n<h1 id='76' style='font-size:16px'>\u00a9 NCCPA. 2015. All rights reserved.</h1>\n<br><p id='77' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Clinical Practice \uf0bd 19</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 203780, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='0' style='font-size:14px'>Owned and operated by Transbay Joint Powers Authority</header>\n<h1 id='1' style='font-size:22px'>Children & Families</h1>\n<h1 id='2' style='font-size:16px'>Toddler Tuesday</h1>\n<br><p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Tuesday<br>10 a.m. - 11 a.m.<br>at the Main Plaza<br>Outdoor fun for toddlers one to four years old<br>with rotating local community guests.<br>June 1 + 15 + 29 \| July 13 + 27 : MUST Concerts<br>June 8 \| July 6 : Emily Butter\ufb02y<br>June 22 \| July 20 : Musical Activities</p>\n<h1 id='4' style='font-size:22px'>Hobbies & Interests</h1>\n<h1 id='5' style='font-size:16px'>Photography Class</h1>\n<br><p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Sundays<br>3:30 p.m. - 5 p.m.<br>Jun 13 + 27 \| Jul 11 + 25<br>Meet at the Main Plaza<br>Learn the basics of<br>photography or some new<br>tricks in this class led by<br>Photosprouts Photography<br>Workshops. Pre-register on<br>Eventbrite.</p>\n<br><p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Knitting Meetup<br>Mondays<br>2:30 p.m. - 4 p.m.<br>at the Main Plaza<br>Join fellow knitters and<br>local supply outpost,<br>ImagiKnit to work on your<br>current knitting project or get<br>motivated to start a new one!</p>\n<br><h1 id='8' style='font-size:22px'>Fitness & Wellness</h1>\n<br><p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Free Activities \| June - July 2021<br>Park Hours \| Monday - Sunday \| 6 a.m. - 9 p.m.</p>\n<h1 id='10' style='font-size:16px'>HIIT</h1>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Tuesdays<br>5:30 p.m. - 6:30 p.m.<br>at the Amphitheater<br>This High Intensity Interval<br>Training class uses body<br>weight training in an<br>aerobic setting to burn<br>fat & calorieswhile building<br>strong muscles, bones, and<br>tendons.</p>\n<br><h1 id='12' style='font-size:16px'>Bootcamp</h1>\n<br><p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Thursdays<br>8 a.m. - 9 a.m.<br>at the Main Plaza<br>A relentless, time-<br>e\ufb03cient, action-packed<br>workout that will bring<br>heart-thumping<br>drills & total body<br>challenges.</p>\n<br><h1 id='14' style='font-size:18px'>Provided by FITNESS SF</h1>\n<h1 id='15' style='font-size:16px'>Yoga</h1>\n<br><p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Fridays<br>12:30 p.m. - 1:30 p.m.<br>at the Amphitheater<br>This class will focus<br>on creating \ufb02uid transitional<br>moves between postures,<br>while alignment & form<br>are never sacri\ufb01ced in the<br>process of \ufb02exibility<br>development.</p>\n<br><p id='17' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:22px'>Live Entertainment</p>\n<p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Monday Night Makers<br>Mondays<br>4:30 p.m. - 6 p.m.<br>at the Main Plaza<br>DIY craft activities led by<br>di\ufb00erent Bay Area partners<br>each month. Participants may<br>drop in at anytime to join.</p>\n<br><p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Lunchtime Music<br>Fridays (starting July 2)<br>12 p.m. - 1 p.m.<br>at the Main Plaza<br>Enjoy mellow, acoustic music with your lunch.<br>Music curated by Trixie Rasputin Presents.</p>\n<p id='20' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Birding Walk<br>Wednesdays<br>8 a.m. - 9 a.m.<br>Jun 2 \| Jul 7<br>Meet at the Main Plaza<br>Birders of all levels are<br>welcome to join this<br>educational walk series led<br>by Golden Gate Audubon<br>Society volunteers.<br>Pre-register on Eventbrite.</p>\n<br><p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Garden Education<br>Wednesdays<br>10 a.m. - 11 a.m.<br>Jun 23 \| Jul 28 \| Aug 25<br>Meet at the Main Plaza<br>San Francisco Botanical<br>Garden o\ufb00ers urban<br>gardening tips to improve<br>the environment, using the<br>park as our classroom.</p>\n<p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>SUPPORTED BY</p>\n<br><p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>@TransitCenterSF</p>\n<br><p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Writing in the Park<br>Wednesdays<br>12 p.m. - 1 p.m.<br>at the Main Plaza<br>Writing tips and exercises led<br>by the Writers Studio. Pens and<br>notepads provided.</p>\n<p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Visit SalesforceTransitCenter.com/events<br>for more information.</p>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1986217, "type": "html", "content": "<br><figure><img id='43' style='font-size:16px' alt=\"4 How many hours a day\ndo you watch TV?\n1. Less than 2 hours A\n2. 2 - 4 hours B\n3. more than 4 hours C\n5 How often are you active?\n1. 5 or more days a week A\n2. 3 - 4 days a week B\n3. 1 - 2 days a week C\n4. Never D\n61. You eat fast food: circled with the number\nMatch the answers you\nI never or rarely eat A of points. Add up your\npoints to see your health\nfast food\nand fitness profile.\n2. Once a week B\n3. 2 - 3 times per week C A = 3 points\n4. more than 3 times D B = 2 points\nper week C = 1 point\nD= 0 points\" data-coord=\"top-left:(3,13); bottom-right:(606,734)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='44' style='font-size:20px'>15 - 18 points<br>Health and Fitness Guru</h1>\n<br><p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Good for you, you\u2019re on the right<br>track! You usually make good food<br>choices and are pretty active. Read<br>the following pages for tips about<br>how to keep up the good work.</p>\n<h1 id='46' style='font-size:20px'>10 - 14 points<br>Health and Fitness Hopeful</h1>\n<br><p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Not bad! Your food choices are<br>pretty good and/or you\u2019re somewhat<br>active. But you can turn it up a notch<br>in one or both categories. Read on<br>to learn how to improve your<br>health and fitness profile.</p>\n<h1 id='48' style='font-size:20px'>Less than 10 points<br>Health and Fitness Slacker</h1>\n<br><p id='49' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Help is on the way! Your food choices<br>could be better and you can definitely<br>use some exercise. Keep reading<br>to learn easy ways to do better.</p>\n<br><footer id='50' style='font-size:14px'>3</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1402959, "type": "html", "content": "<br><table id='1' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td colspan=\"4\">Other</td></tr><tr><td>Day</td><td>Time</td><td>Activity</td><td>Year\tgroup/s</td></tr><tr><td>Monday</td><td></td><td>Weekly\tHouse\tChallenge Posted\tin\tHouse\tTeam</td><td>All</td></tr><tr><td>Tuesday</td><td>13.45-14.05</td><td>House\tCaptain\tMeetings\t</td><td>Invite\tonly</td></tr><tr><td>Thursday</td><td>12.30-13.00</td><td>Lower\tSchool\tCouncil\t</td><td>Invite\tonly</td></tr></table>\n<br><table id='2' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td colspan=\"4\">Outdoor\tEducation</td></tr><tr><td>Day</td><td>Time</td><td>Activity</td><td>Year\tgroup/s</td></tr><tr><td>Monday</td><td>16.30-17.15</td><td>RAF Code\tgxqpir5</td><td>Fourths\t-\tUpper\tSixth</td></tr><tr><td>Monday</td><td>16.30-17.15</td><td>CCF Code\tunohjkw</td><td>Fourths\t-\tUpper\tSixth</td></tr><tr><td>Monday</td><td>16.30-17.15</td><td>Bronze\tDofE\tTraining\t(pupils\talready\tin\tTeam)</td><td>Fourths\t\t</td></tr><tr><td>Thursday</td><td>16.15\t-\t17.15</td><td>CCF Code\tunohjkw</td><td>Shells</td></tr></table>\n<table id='3' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td colspan=\"4\">Performing\tArts:\tMusic,\tDance\tand\tDrama</td></tr><tr><td>Day</td><td>Time</td><td>Activity</td><td>Year\tgroup/s</td></tr><tr><td>Monday</td><td>07.45-08.30</td><td>Dance\tChoreography\tIntervention\tGroup\t1\t</td><td>Upper\tFifth\tinvite\tony</td></tr><tr><td>Monday</td><td>12.30-13.15</td><td>Dance\tClub Code\tnt5pmqn</td><td>Thirds</td></tr><tr><td>Monday</td><td>16.30-17.30</td><td>Dance\tChoreography\tIntervention\tGroup\t2\t</td><td>Upper\tFifth\tinvite\tonly</td></tr><tr><td>Wednesday</td><td>07.45-08.30</td><td>Dance\tClub Code\tra3rnfa</td><td>Fourths</td></tr><tr><td>Wednesday</td><td>12.50-13.20</td><td>Drama\tClub Code\tvw81xka</td><td>Shells</td></tr><tr><td>Wednesday</td><td>12.50-13.20</td><td>Choir Code\t4zl9rtb</td><td>Lower\tSchool</td></tr><tr><td>Thursday</td><td>12.50-13.20</td><td>Drama\tClub Code\tf3go4pk</td><td>Fourths</td></tr><tr><td>Thursday</td><td>12.50-13.20</td><td>Choir\t Code\t4zl9rtb</td><td>Lower\tFifth\t-\tUpper\tSixth</td></tr><tr><td>Thursday</td><td>13.00-13.30</td><td>Theatre\tDesign\tClub Code\t6890dvq</td><td>Lower\tSchool</td></tr><tr><td>Thursday</td><td>13.00-13.30</td><td>Drama\tClub Code\txd3psx2</td><td>Thirds</td></tr><tr><td>Friday</td><td>12.30-13.15</td><td>Dance\tClub\t Code\twyma7ek</td><td>Shells</td></tr><tr><td>Friday</td><td>16.15</td><td>Musical\tRehearsals</td><td>Invite\tonly</td></tr><tr><td>Friday</td><td>16.00</td><td>Informal\tConcert\t Code\twa70c1d</td><td>All</td></tr><tr><td>Dip\tIn/Out\tTeam</td><td>No\tset\ttime</td><td>Virtual\tConcert\tTrips Contact\tMrs\tBaumber</td><td>All</td></tr></table>\n<table id='4' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td colspan=\"4\">Sport,\tHealth\tand\tFitness</td></tr><tr><td>Day</td><td>Time</td><td>Activity</td><td>Year\tgroup/s</td></tr><tr><td>Monday</td><td>07.30-08.00</td><td>Live\tFitness\tSession\t Link\tsent\tto\tpupils</td><td>All</td></tr><tr><td>Tuesday</td><td>08.00-08.30</td><td>Live\tFitness:\tHIIT\t Link\tsent\tto\tpupils</td><td>All</td></tr><tr><td>Wednesday</td><td>08.00-08.30</td><td>Live\tFitness:\tYoga\t&\tStretch Link\tsent\tto\tpupils</td><td>All</td></tr><tr><td>Thursday</td><td>13.00-13.30</td><td>Live\tZumba Link\tsent\tto\tpupils</td><td>All</td></tr><tr><td>Friday</td><td>12.50-13.30</td><td>Live\tFitness:\tRunning Code\tueylq2w</td><td>All</td></tr><tr><td>Dip\tIn/Out\tTeam</td><td>No\tset\ttime</td><td>Running\tClub Code\tueylq2w</td><td>All</td></tr></table>\n<table id='5' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td colspan=\"4\">Wellbeing</td></tr><tr><td>Day</td><td>Time</td><td>Activity</td><td>Year\tgroup/s</td></tr><tr><td>Monday</td><td>08.30-08.35</td><td>Calm\tto\tStart\tYour\tDay Email\tsent\tto\tpupils</td><td>All</td></tr><tr><td>Wednesday</td><td>16.30-17.30</td><td>Mindfulness\t(8\tweeks\tfrom\t27\tJan)\tContact\t Mrs\tRooney</td><td>Upper\tFifth\t-\tUpper\tSixth</td></tr></table>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	How many total hours are dedicated to Fitness & Wellness activities in a week?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 400, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["numerical reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 141741, "type": "text", "content": "# Vibration measure ( after)\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 115359, "type": "text", "content": "MEASUREMENT SCIENCE REVIEW, 18, (2018), No. 6, 243-250\n\n\n# Blade Tip-timing Technology with Multiple Reference Phases for \nOnline Monitoring of High-speed Blades under Variable-speed \nOperation\n\n\nZhang Ji-wang1, Zhang Lai-bin2, Ding Ke-Qin1, Duan Li-xiang2\n\n\n \n\n1 China Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute, Beijing, 100029,\nChina, 121889248@qq.com \n2 College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of\nPetroleum, Beijing 102249, China\n\n\nH igh-speed blades form core mechanical components in turbomachines. Research\nconcerning online monitoring of operating states of such \nblades has drawn increased attention in recent years. To this end, various\nmethods have been devised, of which, the blade tip-timing (BTT) \ntechnique is considered the most promising. However, the traditional BTT\nmethod is only suitable for constant-speed operations. But in \npractice, the rotational speed of turbomachine blades is constantly changing\nunder the influence of external factors, which lead to \nunacceptable errors in measurement. To tackle this problem, a new BTT method\nbased on multi-phases is proposed. A plurality of phases \nwas arranged as evenly as possible on the rotating shaft to determine the\nrotation speed. Meanwhile, the corresponding virtual reference \npoint was determined in accordance with the number of blades between\nconsecutive phases. Based on these reference points, equations to \nmeasure displacement due to blade vibrations were deduced. Finally,\nmathematical modeling, numerical simulation and experimental tests \nwere performed to verify the validity of the proposed method. Results\ndemonstrate that the error in measurement induced when using the \nproposed method is less than 1.8 %, which is much lower compared to\ntraditional methods utilized under variable-speed operation.\n\n\nK eywords: BTT technology, variable speed, online monitoring, multiple\nreference phases (MRP).\n\n\n# 1 . INTRODUCTION\n\n\n \n\nRotating blades constitute core mechanical components in \nturbomachine systems. These blades operate under the \ninfluence of high speeds and strong centrifugal forces, \ncausing severe blade vibrations and may even lead to \ndisastrous consequences. Therefore, there exists a need for \ncontinuous monitoring of the blade state under various \noperating conditions. Development of online-monitoring \nmethods for rotating blades has become an important area of \nresearch in recent years, and various techniques, such as the \nstrain-gauge technology [1], optical backscatter reflectometer \n[2], laser Doppler [3], acoustic emission [4], coherent laser \nradar [5], and blade-tip timing [6]-[8] have been devised. \nAmongst these methods, the BTT technology is considered to \nbe the most promising owing to its advantages of low cost and \nnon-contact utility [9]-[11]. The BTT technique is based on \nmeasuring the difference between the theoretical and actual \ntimes recorded by blade-sweeping probes. The vibration \namplitude, phase, and frequency information may be \nsubsequently obtained using specific algorithms [12]. Most \nextant studies concerning BTT systems have either focused \non BTT sensor technology [13]-[16] or blade vibration \nparameter identification [17]-[21] while still considering \nblade operation at a constant rotating speed. In practice,\n\n\n \n\nhowever, the rotational speed in turbomachines is hardly \nconstant owing to continuous variations in working \nconditions and external effects, thereby rendering traditional \nBTT systems no longer usable in practical turbomachine \napplications.\n\n\n \n\nPresently, a lot of research is being performed on the \ndevelopment of monitoring and diagnosis systems for use \nunder variable-speed operation of turbomachines, and these \nstudies, at present, mainly focus on bearings and gearboxes \n[22]-[27]. It has been reported in [28], [29] that continuous \nmonitoring of high-speed blades is difficult to achieve under \nvariable-speed operation; however, no further research has \nbeen performed in this regard. Work reported in [30] \nintroduced a measurement method based on the one phase \nmethod (OP); however, its induced error in measurement was \nunacceptably large owing to large fluctuations in rotating \nspeed.\n\n\n \n\nIn view of the above problems, the authors, in this paper, \npropose a new BTT method based on multiple reference \nphases, wherein a plurality of reference phases is arranged on \nthe rotating shaft, thereby providing estimates of the \nrotational speed. Several virtual phases are then inserted to \nensure each blade has a reference phase. Subsequently, \ntheoretical derivation of blade vibrations is performed based\n\n\n \n\n_________________\n\n\n \n\nDOI: 10.1515/msr-2018-0033\n\n\n243\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 141739, "type": "text", "content": "# OPPO 203/205 ,103D/105D \nBD ROM driver stabilizer installation guide.\n\n\n# 1\\. unscrew 6 drivers in outside and 2 drivers in rotor.\n\n\n# replace with new rotor and screw 2 bolts\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2638089, "type": "text", "content": "Rapid EIA Report\n\n\n \nK-Rail\n\n\nDuring construction, some equipment may cause ground\u2010borne vibration, most\nnotably \npiledriving equipment. Construction equipment can produce vibration levels at\n25 feet (7.62 \nm) that range from 58 VdB for a small bulldozer to 112 VdB for a pile driver.\nTable 4.10 \nprovides the approximate distances within which receivers could experience\nconstruction \nrelated vibration effects.\n\n\nTable 4.10 Approximate Distances to Vibration Criterion \u2013 Level Contours\n\n\n \n\nSource: FTA (2006)\n\n\n4.5.5 Vibration: Impact during Operational Stage\n\n\n \n\nGround\u2010borne vibration impacts from the SilverLine operations inside\nvibration\u2010sensitive \nbuildings are defined by the vibration velocity level, expressed in terms of\nVdB, and the \nnumber of vibration events per day of the same kind of source. Desktop reviews\nrevealed \nthat measurement on actual vibration levels when Shinkansen passes with the\nspeed over \n300km/h in Japan do not exceed the guideline value in Japan. As similar\nconstruction \ntechnique and measures are introduced to the planning of the SilverLine, the\nimpact caused \nby vibration will be within the standard limit.\n\n\n4.5.6 Vibration: Mitigation Measures\n\n\nBuilding damage from construction vibration is only anticipated from pile\ndiving at very close \ndistances to buildings. When a construction scenario has been established,\npreconstruction \nsurveys will be conducted at locations within 15.24 m of piling to document\nthe existing \ncondition of buildings in case damage is reported during or after\nconstruction. Damaged \nbuildings would be repaired, or compensation paid to the owners. The operation\ntime shall \nbe limited between 6:00 to 18:00. Although the vibration level caused by\nblasting is \ntheoretically controlled within the threshold value, continuous monitoring is\nnecessary \nduring the construction for both NATM and blasting. Notify the local people\nprior to \nundertake the construction activities associating with higher vibration level\nsuch as activities \nusing vibrating rollers. The vibrations should be reduced considerably by\nensuring and \nkeeping correct track geometry by advanced measurement. Expanding the right of\nway \n(buffer zone) is sometimes the easiest method of reducing the vibration\nimpact.\n\n\nCentre for Environment and Development\n\n\n \n133\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3488752, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='78' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>12:20 PM 04-Aug-2021 IN21_1795.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.3397/IN-1795-3080<br>Vibration level induced by the friction of two rough surfaces weakly loaded</p>\n<br><h1 id='79' style='font-size:16px'>Modeste Assemien, Alain Le Bot</h1>\n<br><p id='80' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>This paper presents an experiment to measure the vibration level generated when a light solid slides over a dry and rough surface. The<br>experimental set-up is based on linear constant motion with speed range from 1 to 1000 mm/sec. The aim is to study the evolution of the<br>vibration level as a function of the sliding speed and the friction area. Measurements show that the vibration level is a logarithmic increasing<br>function of the sliding speed with a transient velocity. It is also observed that two regimes exist for the evolution of vibration level versus<br>apparent contact area. On the one hand the vibration level is proportional to the friction area, but on the other hand this level is constant.</p>\n<br><p id='81' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Session: 02.04 Uncertainty and Variability in Vibro-Acoustics<br>Channel 1</p>\n<br><p id='82' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>12:40 PM 04-Aug-2021 IN21_2844.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.3397/IN-2021-2844<br>Welding distortion generated uncertainties in the vibrational behavior of a ladder-like structure</p>\n<br><p id='83' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>David Sipos, Marcell Ferenc Treszkai, Daniel Feszty</p>\n<br><p id='84' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Recent developments in acoustic simulation methods allowed engineers to assess the vibroacoustic behavior of various type of structures<br>within a virtual environment, thus allowing the replacement of prototype-based development with simulations. However, there are some<br>factors, that cannot be considered in simulations in advance. In the present study, the effect of the distortions generated due to welding on a<br>ladder-like structure equipped with flat plates was investigated. The measured acceleration frequency response functions were compared to<br>finite element simulation results. The measured responses differed significantly from the simulation, even in the low frequency range, where<br>the global modes were not expected to be altered or vanished. Investigation of the simulated results revealed that the additional modes were<br>related to the vibration of the plates, which were assumed to be flat, instead of considering the warping caused by the welding process. After<br>measuring the approximate deformation of the plates, an updated simulation model was made, introducing an approximate curvature in them.<br>The results obtained with the updated simulation model performed much better in the low frequency range as well as in the third octave-<br>averaged frequency bands up 1200 Hz. The sensitivity of the warping was also systematically evaluated.</p>\n<br><p id='85' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>1:00 PM 04-Aug-2021 IN21_1670.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.3397/IN-2021-1670</p>\n<br><p id='86' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Comparison of quadrature and regression based generalized polynomial chaos expansions for structural<br>acoustics</p>\n<br><h1 id='87' style='font-size:16px'>Gage Walters, Andrew Wixom, Sheri Martinelli</h1>\n<br><p id='88' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>This work performs a direct comparison between generalized polynomial chaos (GPC) expansion techniques applied to structural acoustic<br>problems. Broadly, the GPC techniques are grouped in two categories: , where the stochastic sampling is predetermined according to a<br>quadrature rule; and , where an arbitrary selection of points is used as long as they are a representative sample of the random input. As a<br>baseline comparison, Monte Carlo type simulations are also performed although they take many more sampling points. The test problems<br>considered include both canonical and more applied cases that exemplify the features and types of calculations commonly arising in vibrations<br>and acoustics. A range of different numbers of random input variables are considered. The primary point of comparison between the methods<br>is the number of sampling points they require to generate an accurate GPC expansion. This is due to the general consideration that the most<br>expensive part of a GPC analysis is evaluating the deterministic problem of interest; thus the method with the fewest sampling points will often<br>be the fastest. Accuracy of each GPC expansion is judged using several metrics including basic statistical moments as well as features of the<br>actual reconstructed probability density function.</p>\n<br><p id='89' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>1:20 PM 04-Aug-2021 IN21_2211.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.3397/IN-2021-2211<br>Variance Quantification of Different Additive Manufacturing Processes for Acoustic Meta Materials</p>\n<br><h1 id='90' style='font-size:16px'>Manuel Bopp, Arn Joerger, Matthias Behrendt, Albert Albers</h1>\n<br><p id='91' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Many concepts for acoustic meta materials rely on additive manufacturing techniques. Depending on the production process and material of<br>choice, different levels of precision and repeatability can be achieved. In addition, different materials have different mechanical properties,<br>many of which are frequency dependent and cannot easily be measured directly. In this contribution the authors have designed different<br>resonator elements, which have been manufactured utilizing Fused Filament Fabrication with ABSplus and PLA, as well as PolyJet Fabrication<br>with VeroWhitePlus.<br>All structures are computed in FEA to obtain the calculated Eigenfrequencies and mode shapes, with the respective literature values for each<br>material. Furthermore, the dynamic behavior of multiple instances of each structure is measured utilizing a 3D-Laser-Scanning Vibrometer<br>under shaker excitation, to obtain the actual Eigenfrequencies and mode shapes. The results are then analyzed in regards to variance between<br>different print instances, and in regards to accordance between measured and calculated results. Based on previous work and this analysis the<br>parameters of the FEA models are updated to improve the result quality.</p>\n<br><p id='92' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>1:40 PM 04-Aug-2021 IN21_2543.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.3397/IN-2021-2543</p>\n<br><p id='93' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Assessment of digital image correlation vibrometry in the presence of thermal flow disturbance</p>\n<br><p id='94' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Kenji Homma, Paul R. Braunwart, Patrick L. Clavette</p>\n<br><p id='95' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is an image-based method for measuring displacement and/or stain on the surface of a structure. When coupled<br>with a stereo pair of highspeed cameras, DIC can also capture three-dimensional dynamic deformation of a structure under vibratory loading.<br>However, high frequency and small amplitude displacement typically associated with structural vibrations mean that extra care is required<br>during measurement and data processing. It becomes more challenging when thermal disturbances are present in the optical path, for example</p>\n<h1 id='96' style='font-size:20px'>INTER-NOISE 2021 Proceedings</h1>\n<br><footer id='97' style='font-size:20px'>Page 96</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3488762, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='77' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>feedback from the test structure, which can generally be realized by measuring free velocities or blocked forces. Because of the need of<br>external load to reach the components operating point, force measurements are often used.<br>However, the realization of a reactionless test setup for the measurement of forces poses some challenges. The paper presents a setup that can<br>be used to perform a direct force measurement at a point in six degrees of freedom. The necessary boundary conditions to approximate the<br>idealized blocked force assumption are discussed, the calculation of the blocked force in six degrees of freedom is presented, the structural<br>dynamic response at a reference point is calculated and compared with operational measurements.</p>\n<br><p id='78' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>2:40 PM 04-Aug-2021 IN21_2501.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.3397/IN-2021-2501<br>OTPA method-based contribution analysis of components on the vibration of fuel cell in fuel cell vehicles</p>\n<br><p id='79' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Zequn Nan, Matthias Behrendt, Mengting Lu, Manuel Petersen, Albert Albers</p>\n<br><p id='80' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Due to the introduction of auxiliary components in fuel cell vehicle powertrains and absence of internal combustion engine, the vibration<br>sources and transfer paths are very different from conventional vehicles. These vibrations interact on the output performance of the fuel cell<br>system. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the vibration characteristics of the fuel cell system under vehicle operating conditions. IPEK<br>conducted vehicle measurements regarding different driving manoeuvres and environments. In order to quantitatively evaluate contributions<br>of each vibration source on the total vibration of fuel cell, frequency-domain contribution was investigated based on Operational Transfer Path<br>Analysis method with the singular value decomposition as well as principal component. The results of vibration in Z-direction in the vehicle<br>coordinate system show that the hydrogen pump dominantly contributes to the vibration of fuel cell in a wide range of frequency in the<br>majority of the driving manoeuvres. However, the results vary in various driving manoeuvres, environments and frequencies. The Paper will<br>discuss in detail the vibrational contributions in X-, Y- and Z-direction.</p>\n<p id='81' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>3:00 PM 04-Aug-2021 IN21_2865.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.3397/IN-2021-2865<br>Development of disc spring stack containment methods for vibration isolation</p>\n<br><h1 id='82' style='font-size:16px'>Paul Gilmore, Umesh Gandhi</h1>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2453277, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='56' style='font-size:14px'>218</header>\n<br><header id='57' style='font-size:14px'>J Ind Eng Int (2018) 14:213\u2013226</header>\n<br><figure><img id='58' style='font-size:14px' alt=\"Man Material\nThermal\nUntrained distortion\nUndue\noperator during heat\nmachine\ntreatment\nA356\nstoppage\naluminum\nalloy\nFrequent composition\nabsenteeism\nCp, Cpk and\nCpm < 1.33\nTool resharpening\nInsufficient\nLocators and coolant pressure\nIncorrect cutting clamps worn\nPreventive\nparameters out\nmaintenance\nentered into the\nnot done\nChips\nCNC program\nTool insert\nuncleaned\npre-setting using\nClamping pressure\ninsert setting Vee\nInspection too high leading to\nblock\ngauges not distortion of wheel\ncaliberated\nSet-up Machine\nchangeover\nMethod inaccuracies\" data-coord=\"top-left:(105,93); bottom-right:(1133,767)\" /></figure>\n<br><caption id='59' style='font-size:14px'>Fig. 5 Cause and Effect Ishikawa diagram</caption>\n<p id='60' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>the basic locating dimension for further machining opera-<br>tions, mainly the drilling of pitch circle diameter holes and<br>any deviations of it leads to bottleneck.</p>\n<h1 id='61' style='font-size:20px'>Measurement phase</h1>\n<p id='62' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>In measurement phase, \ufb01rst the initial data about the CTQ<br>characteristic is collected. This machining data re\ufb02ect the<br>initial uncorrected state of the process for which the anal-<br>ysis needs to be carried out for obtaining sustained<br>improvements. Based on the six sigma sample size formula<br>the samples are collected:</p>\n<br><p id='63' data-category='equation'>$$n=\\left(\\frac{1.96}{\\Delta}\\right)^{2}P(1-P),$$</p>\n<br><p id='64' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>where P is the proportion defective that we are estimating<br>(expressed in %) and D is the precision or the level of<br>uncertainty in the estimate that we are willing to accept<br>(expressed in %).</p>\n<br><p id='65' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>With an estimated proportion defective of 10% (i.e.,<br>P = 0.1) and target D of 2.5% (D = 0.025) we estimate the<br>sample size of n = 553.</p>\n<br><p id='66' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Samples of about 800 components are collected. The<br>best \ufb01t of 30 consecutive components out of the 800<br>measured values in each iteration is projected while car-<br>rying out the Statistical Process Control during this<br>DMAIC project. This initial data set is termed as Iteration 1<br>(I1) which is depicted in Table 3. An iteration means a<br>stage depicting the state-of-affairs which re\ufb02ects the<br>existing condition of the machining process in context of<br>the CTQ characteristic.</p>\n<br><p id='67' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>The process capability indices Cp, Cpk and Cpm for a<br>target value of 50.010 mm are obtained as 0.66, -0.04<br>and 0.27, which re\ufb02ects a large scope of improvement<br>in the process in context of the selected CTQ<br>characteristic.</p>\n<caption id='68' style='font-size:18px'>\u00f01\u00de</caption>\n<br><p id='69' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>Analysis phase</p>\n<p id='70' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>After Measurement Phase the analysis phase succeeds,<br>comprising tracing out the causes for poor process per-<br>formance through the Ishikawa diagram shown in Fig. 5.<br>The potential failure modes of the boring process are<br>estimated through process failure modes and effects<br>analysis (PFMEA) depicted in Table 4. The PFMEA is</p>\n<footer id='71' style='font-size:22px'>123</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 115363, "type": "text", "content": "MEASUREMENT SCIENCE REVIEW, 18, (2018), No. 6, 243-250\n\n\n\u03b8 = \u03b8 + \u03b8 ' \nr \nv\n\n\n \n\n(11) 2) Periodic fluctuation\n\n\nWhere (cid:21)(cid:22) represents the cumulative angular movement of \nthe rotating shaft and can be described as\n\n\n \n\nPeriodic fluctuations in speed may be represented as\n\n\n$$\\theta_{r}=\\omega t=\\sum_{i=0}^{i=t}\\omega_{r i}$$\n\n\n \n\n$$\\omega_{r i}=\\omega_{0}\\sin(\\omega_{1}t+\\varphi_{1})$$\n\n\n \n(19)\n\n\n(12)\n\n\n \n\n$$\\sum_{i=0}^{i=l}\\omega_{r i}=\\sum_{n=0}^{n-N}\\omega_{0}\\sin(2\\pi\nf_{1}\\frac{n}{10^{9}}+\\varphi_{1})$$\n\n\n(cid:21)(cid:23)(cid:24), on the other hand, represents the blade-vibration\nangle \nand may be written as\n\n\n$$\\theta_{\\nu}=\\frac{A\\cos(\\omega t+\\varphi)}{R}=\\frac{A\\cos(2\\pi\nf_{\\nu}t+\\varphi)}{R}$$\n\n\n \n\n(13)\n\n\n# Therefore, equation (11) becomes\n\n\n$$\\theta{}=\\theta_{_{r}}+\\theta_{_{\\nu}}{}_{\\\\!\\\\!{\\l}}=\\sum_{i=0}^{i=t}(\\omega_{_{r\ni}}+\\frac{A\\cos(2\\pi f_{\\nu}t+\\varphi)}{R})$$\n\n\nConsidering the proposed system requirement of minimum \nsampling resolution, the variable t has been discretized as \ndemonstrated in (15).\n\n\n \n\n(14)\n\n\n \n\nIn this case, \u03b8 takes the following form.\n\n\n(20)\n\n\n \n\n$$\\theta=\\sum_{n=0}^{n=N}\\left[\\omega_{0}\\sin(2\\pi\nf_{1}\\star\\frac{n}{10^{9}}+\\varphi)+\\frac{A\\cos(2\\pi\nf_{\\nu}\\star\\frac{n}{10^{9}}+\\varphi)}{R}\\right]$$\n\n\n$$t={\\frac{N}{10^{9}}}$$\n\n\n \n\n3) Random fluctuation \nLastly, random speed fluctuations may be expressed using \nthe following equation.\n\n\n$$\\omega_{i}=\\omega_{0}u i f r n d(n_{1},n_{2})$$\n\n\n \n(21)\n\n\n# The angle\u03b8 may, therefore, be expressed as\n\n\n \n\nEquation (16), therefore, takes the following form.\n\n\n(15)\n\n\n$$\\theta{=\\sum_{i=0}^{i=I}{\\omega_{r i}+\\sum_{n=0}^{n-N}\\frac{A\\cos(2\\pi\nf_{\\nu}\\frac{n}{10^{9}}+\\varphi)}{R}}}$$\n\n\n \n\n$$\\theta=\\omega_{0}u n i f r n\nd(n_{1},n_{2})+\\sum_{n=0}^{n=N}\\left[{\\frac{A\\cos(2\\pi\nf_{\\nu}{\\frac{n}{10^{9}}}+\\varphi)}{R}}\\right](22)$$\n\n\nThree forms of speed fluctuations in rotating machines- \nuniform variable speed, periodic fluctuation, and random \nfluctuation, have been considered in the analysis presented \nherein.\n\n\n \n\n(16)\n\n\n \n\nBy assuming a uniform distribution of z reference phases, \nthe sampling time is considered as the first point with meeting \nthe following equation (23).\n\n\n1) Uniform variable speed process\n\n\n \n\n$$\\theta_{r}\\geq k(\\frac{2\\pi}{z})\\ \\ (k=1,2,3,...)$$\n\n\nThe uniform variable speed process can be expressed using \nthe following expression.\n\n\n \n(23)\n\n\n$$\\omega_{r i}=\\omega_{0}+a l$$\n\n\n \n\nThe vibration frequency of the blade was assumed to be \n134 Hz; correspondingly, the amplitude of vibration was set \nas 0.01 mm. To make calculations convenient, all initial \nphases were set to zero. Five reference phases were uniformly \ndistributed. Following points must be noted.\n\n\n(17)\n\n\n$$\\sum_{i=0}^{i=t}\\omega_{,i}=\\sum_{n=0}^{n=N}\\left(\\omega_{0}+a\\frac{n}{10^{9}}\\right)$$\n\n\n \n\n1) For the uniform acceleration process, the rotational speed \nwas found to increase from 0 to 6000 rpm in 5 seconds.\n\n\nUsing the above equations, \u03b8 may be evaluated as\n\n\n(18)\n\n\n \n\n$$\\theta=\\sum_{n=0}^{n=N}\\left[\\omega_{0}+a\\frac{n}{10^{9}}+\\frac{A\\cos(2\\pi\nf_{\\nu}\\frac{n}{10^{9}}+\\varphi)}{R}\\right]$$\n\n\n \n\n2) For periodic speed fluctuations, the fluctuation fre- \nquency (cid:25)(cid:12) was set as 25 Hz. \n3) For random speed fluctuations, the range of fluctuations \nwas set from 0.95-1.05 times the fundamental frequency. \nSubsequently, blade-vibration displacements under \ndifferent operating conditions were obtained and are depicted \nin Fig.4. \nAs depicted in Fig.4., regardless of the type of speed- \nfluctuation model used, measurement errors induced in the \nnon-phase (NP) and one-phase (OP) methods cannot be \nignored. The NP method demonstrated the largest error in \nmeasurement (of the order of 200 % and above).\n\n\n246\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3488527, "type": "text", "content": " \n\nThis work performs a direct comparison between generalized polynomial chaos\n(GPC) expansion techniques applied to structural acoustic \nproblems. Broadly, the GPC techniques are grouped in two categories: , where\nthe stochastic sampling is predetermined according to a \nquadrature rule; and , where an arbitrary selection of points is used as long\nas they are a representative sample of the random input. As a \nbaseline comparison, Monte Carlo type simulations are also performed although\nthey take many more sampling points. The test problems \nconsidered include both canonical and more applied cases that exemplify the\nfeatures and types of calculations commonly arising in vibrations \nand acoustics. A range of different numbers of random input variables are\nconsidered. The primary point of comparison between the methods \nis the number of sampling points they require to generate an accurate GPC\nexpansion. This is due to the general consideration that the most \nexpensive part of a GPC analysis is evaluating the deterministic problem of\ninterest; thus the method with the fewest sampling points will often \nbe the fastest. Accuracy of each GPC expansion is judged using several metrics\nincluding basic statistical moments as well as features of the \nactual reconstructed probability density function.\n\n\n \n\n1:20 PM 04-Aug-2021 IN21_2211.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.3397/IN-2021-2211 \nVariance Quantification of Different Additive Manufacturing Processes for\nAcoustic Meta Materials\n\n\n \n\n# Manuel Bopp, Arn Joerger, Matthias Behrendt, Albert Albers\n\n\n \n\nMany concepts for acoustic meta materials rely on additive manufacturing\ntechniques. Depending on the production process and material of \nchoice, different levels of precision and repeatability can be achieved. In\naddition, different materials have different mechanical properties, \nmany of which are frequency dependent and cannot easily be measured directly.\nIn this contribution the authors have designed different \nresonator elements, which have been manufactured utilizing Fused Filament\nFabrication with ABSplus and PLA, as well as PolyJet Fabrication \nwith VeroWhitePlus. \nAll structures are computed in FEA to obtain the calculated Eigenfrequencies\nand mode shapes, with the respective literature values for each \nmaterial. Furthermore, the dynamic behavior of multiple instances of each\nstructure is measured utilizing a 3D-Laser-Scanning Vibrometer \nunder shaker excitation, to obtain the actual Eigenfrequencies and mode\nshapes. The results are then analyzed in regards to variance between \ndifferent print instances, and in regards to accordance between measured and\ncalculated results. Based on previous work and this analysis the \nparameters of the FEA models are updated to improve the result quality.\n\n\n \n\n1:40 PM 04-Aug-2021 IN21_2543.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.3397/IN-2021-2543\n\n\n \n\nAssessment of digital image correlation vibrometry in the presence of thermal\nflow disturbance\n\n\n \n\nKenji Homma, Paul R. Braunwart, Patrick L. Clavette\n\n\n \n\nDigital Image Correlation (DIC) is an image-based method for measuring\ndisplacement and/or stain on the surface of a structure. When coupled \nwith a stereo pair of highspeed cameras, DIC can also capture three-\ndimensional dynamic deformation of a structure under vibratory loading. \nHowever, high frequency and small amplitude displacement typically associated\nwith structural vibrations mean that extra care is required \nduring measurement and data processing. It becomes more challenging when\nthermal disturbances are present in the optical path, for example\n\n\n# INTER-NOISE 2021 Proceedings\n\n\n \nPage 96\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 141740, "type": "text", "content": "# Place with new cover and screw 6 bolts\n\n\n# Finished\n\n\n \n\n.\n\n\n# Vibrtion measure (before)\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}]	Assuming vibration is measured three times with one more measurement added during the process, what are the stages where vibration should now be measured?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 403, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["temporal reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 1851800, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='83' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 If the above rate is not yet published in either H.15 (519) or the H.15 Daily Update, or<br>other recognized electronic source used for the purpose of displaying the applicable rate,<br>by 3:00 p.m., New York City time, on the calculation date, the calculation agent will<br>determine the federal funds rate to be the arithmetic mean of the rates for the last<br>transaction in overnight U.S. dollar federal funds prior to 9:00 a.m., New York City time,<br>on the business day following that interest determination date, by each of three leading<br>brokers of U.S. dollar federal funds transactions in New York, New York, which may<br>include the agents for the notes or their affiliates, selected by the calculation agent, after<br>consultation with us.</p>\n<br><p id='84' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 If fewer than three brokers selected by the calculation agent are not quoting as set forth<br>above, the federal funds rate for that interest determination date will remain the federal<br>funds rate for the immediately preceding interest reset period, or, if none, the rate of<br>interest payable will be the initial interest rate.</p>\n<p id='85' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Federal Funds (Open) Rate Notes. Federal funds (open) rate notes will bear interest at the<br>interest rates specified in the applicable pricing supplement. Those interest rates will be based on the<br>federal funds (open) rate and any spread and/or spread multiplier and will be subject to the minimum<br>interest rate and the maximum interest rate, if any.</p>\n<br><p id='86' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The \u201cfederal funds (open) rate\u201d means, for any interest determination date, the federal funds<br>rate on that date set forth opposite the caption \u201cOpen\u201d as displayed on Reuters, or any successor<br>service, on page 5 or any other page as may replace the applicable page on that service, which is<br>commonly referred to as \u201cReuters Page 5.\u201d</p>\n<br><p id='87' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The following procedures will be followed if the federal funds (open) rate cannot be determined<br>as described above:</p>\n<br><p id='88' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u2022 If the above rate is not published by 3:00 p.m., New York City time, on the calculation<br>date, the federal funds (open) rate will be the rate on that interest determination date<br>displayed on FFPREBON Index Page on Bloomberg L.P. (\u201cBloomberg\u201d), which is the Fed<br>Funds Opening Rate reported by Prebon Yamane, or any successor service, on Bloomberg.<br>\u2022 If the above rate is not displayed on the FFPREBON Index Page on Bloomberg, or other<br>recognized electronic source used for the purpose of displaying the applicable rate, by 3:00<br>p.m., New York City time, on the calculation date, the calculation agent will determine the<br>federal funds (open) rate to be the arithmetic mean of the rates for the last transaction in<br>overnight U.S. dollar federal funds prior to 9:00 a.m., New York City time, on that interest<br>determination date, by each of three leading brokers of U.S. dollar federal funds<br>transactions in New York, New York, which may include the agents for the notes and their<br>affiliates, selected by the calculation agent, after consultation with us.<br>\u2022 If fewer than three brokers selected by the calculation agent are not quoting as set forth<br>above, the federal funds (open) rate for that interest determination date will be the federal<br>funds (open) rate for the immediately preceding interest reset period, or, if none, the rate</p>\n<br><p id='89' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>of interest payable will be the initial interest rate.</p>\n<p id='90' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>LIBOR Notes. LIBOR notes will bear interest at the interest rates specified in the applicable<br>pricing supplement. That interest rate will be based on London Interbank Offered Rate, which is<br>commonly referred to as \u201cLIBOR,\u201d and any spread and/or spread multiplier and will be subject to the<br>minimum interest rate and the maximum interest rate, if any.</p>\n<footer id='91' style='font-size:14px'>S-18</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3348443, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='8' style='font-size:18px'>IBORs and corresponding ARRs</h1>\n<table id='9' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>IBOR</td><td>ARRs</td></tr><tr><td>USD LIBOR</td><td>Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR)</td></tr><tr><td>GBP LIBOR</td><td>Sterling Overnight Index Average (SONIA)</td></tr><tr><td>EUR LIBOR</td><td>European Short-term Euro Rate (\u20acSTR)</td></tr><tr><td>CHF LIBOR</td><td>Swiss Average Rate Overnight (SARON)</td></tr><tr><td>JPY LIBOR / JPY / EuroYen TIBOR</td><td>Tokyo Overnight Average Rate (TONAR)</td></tr><tr><td>SIBOR / SOR</td><td>Singapore Overnight Rate Average (SORA)</td></tr></table>\n<h1 id='10' style='font-size:18px'>What are the differences between LIBORs and ARRs</h1>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>ARRs are structurally different to IBORs. IBORs are calculated by reference to forward-looking rates<br>applicable to a future tenor and include a risk element for interbank lending (for example, term bank<br>credit risk or liquidity premium for longer term exposure). ARRs, on the other hand, are overnight<br>rates calculated on a compounded or weighted-average basis (so-called \u2018risk-free\u2019 rates (RFRs)), are<br>backward-looking and do not take account of interbank lending risk.</p>\n<table id='12' style='font-size:14px'><tr><td>IBOR</td><td>ARRs</td></tr><tr><td>Forward Looking rate with the de\ufb01ned Term Structure (7 tenors)</td><td>Overnight only (at this stage), backward looking rates with limited forward term structure</td></tr><tr><td>Based on expectations/speculations; quotes submitted by panel banks</td><td>Based on actual transactions; calculated volume-weighted median</td></tr><tr><td>Includes a built-in Credit Risk and Liquidity Spread across the tenors</td><td>Nearly risk free rates</td></tr><tr><td>Centrally calculated in the Interbank Market</td><td>Each country has its own rate calculation mechanism</td></tr><tr><td>Responsive to risk free rate, liquidity and credit pricing (especially in the event of stress)</td><td>Only responsive to change in risk free rates</td></tr></table>\n<h1 id='13' style='font-size:18px'>When will IBORs be discontinued?</h1>\n<br><p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>There are two key triggers expected to follow in connection with the discontinuation<br>of IBORs and the application of ARRs: a Pre-Cessation Event and a Cessation Event.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 771881, "type": "text", "content": "FPML IR 2020 WORKSTREAM - DISCUSSION PAPER\n\n\n# 2\\. Background\n\n\n \n\n\uf0b7 ISDA is updating its 2006 Definitions for 2021, with many changes. These\nchanges reflect \nregulatory driven and other market practice changes that have occurred in\nrecent years. The \nchanges also reflect ISDA\u2019s effort to change the structure of the Definitions\n(e.g. consolidate all \nsupplements, eliminate unused definitions, as well as clean up the Floating\nRate Options \n[FROs].). The changes may have an effect on FpML or on the usage of FpML. \n\uf0b7 One of the proposed changes in the 2021 Definitions is a reduction in the\nset of Floating Rate \nOptions (FROs, also known as floating rate indexes) that are published by\nISDA. This may affect \nusers of FpML, depending on how FpML chooses to adopt that change. \n\uf0b7 One of the key market changes occurring at the moment, and that may affect\nFpML, relates to \nthe transition from IBOR rates to Risk Free Rates (RFRs) or other low-risk\novernight rates.\n\n\n \n\no LIBOR-type rates have underpinned the IR derivative market, as well as many\nother non- \nderivative (e.g. cash) asset classes, since the emergence of OTC derivative\ntrading in the \n1980s. These rates are computed by polling several market making firms on\ntheir rates \nfor unsecured short term loans (of typically 1 month to 6 months) to top rated \nborrowers. So these rates are for a specified term and incorporate a credit\nrisk \npremium. \no Since 2012 there has been a move away from IBOR rates. In 2017 the UK FCA \nannounced that it would no longer compel or persuade banks to submit rates for\nLIBOR \ntype settings after 2021. The introduction of Risk Free Rates as alternatives\nto IBOR \nrates is gaining steam. \no To replace IBOR rates, new rates have been introduced in the market (e.g.\nSonia, \nEuroSTR,..). Most of these are risk-free (secured) or relatively low-risk\nunsecured \novernight rates, in which the rate is set each day and the payments over each\naccrual \nperiod are based on the rates over the period, generally compounded. \no An issue arises for existing trades that are documented using IBOR rates: if\nthe rates \nbecome unavailable, there is a need to define how the replacement rates will\nbe used. \nThe replacement rates are not a 1-for-1 replacement of the existing rates, and\nhave \ncertain challenges when used in place of the existing rates. These challenges\ninclude \ntiming issues, where a rate may not be available at a time when it is needed\naccording \nto the LIBOR-setting rules. For example, the rate for a LIBOR-type trade\ntypically is fixed \nin advance, while a SONIA trade requires many rate observations during the\naccrual \nperiod and the actual rate is only known at the end of the period. It is\npossible that the \nfinal rate observations may not be available at a time when the LIBOR payment\nwould \nnormally be made. \no Many of these issues and their implications are discussed in the following \ninformation/analysis: document by Oliver Wyman: \nhttps://www.oliverwyman.com/content/dam/oliver- \nwyman/v2/publications/2018/February/LIBOR-transition-POV-FINAL.pdf \no To overcome the unavailability of daily RFR observations in the last few\ndays of a \ncalculation period, there are a number of emerging practices in the market.\nThese \npractices include:\n\n\nPage 4\n\n\n \n23 March 2021\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 231288, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='38' style='font-size:22px'>Overnight CHF LIBOR vs SARON</h1>\n<br><h1 id='39' style='font-size:20px'>Rate Comparison (CHF)</h1>\n<br><figure data-category='chart'><img id='40' style='font-size:16px' alt=\"0.5 1.2\n1\n0.8\n0\n0.6\n0.4\n-0.5\n0.2\n0\n-1\n-0.2\n-0.4\n-1.5\n-0.6\n-0.8\n-2 -1\nOvernight CHF LIBOR Overnight SARON Spread\nSpread values on RHS = LIBOR \u2013 Alternative Rate.\" data-coord=\"top-left:(109,179); bottom-right:(1386,780)\" /></figure>\n<p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>LIBOR and Alternative Rate are based on computation date.</p>\n<br><footer id='42' style='font-size:18px'>17</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 771899, "type": "text", "content": "FPML IR 2020 WORKSTREAM - DISCUSSION PAPER\n\n\no Replacement Value (Calculation Agent Determination)\n\n\n \n\n\uf0b7 There are some cash-settlement methods currently supported in FpML that have\nbeen removed \nfrom the 2021 Definitions, specifically:\n\n\n \n\no Par Yield Curve \u2013 Adjusted \no Zero Coupon Yield \u2013 Adjusted\n\n\n \n\n\uf0b7 The Collateralized Cash Price method now may reference a mutually-agreed\nclearinghouse for \nobtaining the discount factors to use. \n\uf0b7 There are other cash settlement methods that have had slightly tweaked\nlanguage.\n\n\n# 5.9. Market Practices around the transition\n\n\n \n\n[description about how different practices could emerge related to the actual\ntransition, e.g.\n\n\n \n\n\uf0b7 there is an ISDA protocol for how much the economic spread between LIBOR and\nRFR should be, \nbased on 5 years of history for the given rates. That spread is calculated and\npublished each day \n[under the aegis of ISDA] by Bloomberg. When a cessation event happens, the\nspread on that \nday would be fixed and added to the regular rate spread from then on. \n\uf0b7 We may wish to define and/or provide support for the transition between IBOR\nrates and RFRs, \nand between old names and new names for rates. What would the best practices\nbe? \n\uf0b7 ESMA is requesting the trade repositories report when LIBOR-style rates have\nfallen back to risk \nfree rates, and but have provided no mechanism and not much guidance on how to\naccomplish \nthis. A possibility is to create new FRO codes that would indicate that the\nFROs have fallen back \nto a risk free rate.\n\n\nPage 22\n\n\n \n23 March 2021\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 231289, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='43' style='font-size:22px'>Overnight JPY LIBOR vs TONA</h1>\n<br><h1 id='44' style='font-size:20px'>Rate Comparison (JPY)</h1>\n<br><figure data-category='chart'><img id='45' style='font-size:16px' alt=\"1.8 1.6\n1.6 1.4\n1.4\n1.2\n1.2\n1\n1\n0.8\n0.8\n0.6\n0.6\n0.4\n0.4\n0.2\n0.2\n0\n0\n-0.2 -0.2\n-0.4 -0.4\nOvernight JPY LIBOR Overnight TONA Spread\nSpread values on RHS = LIBOR \u2013 Alternative Rate.\" data-coord=\"top-left:(111,155); bottom-right:(1401,775)\" /></figure>\n<p id='46' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>LIBOR and Alternative Rate are based on computation date.</p>\n<br><footer id='47' style='font-size:18px'>18</footer>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2369368, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='98' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>percent, with five one-millionths of a percentage point rounded upwards, e.g., 9.876545% (or<br>.09876545) being rounded to 9.87655% (or .0987655).</p>\n<br><p id='99' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>In determining the base rate that applies to a floating-rate note during a particular interest<br>period, the calculation agent may obtain rate quotes from various banks or dealers active in the<br>relevant market, as described in the descriptions of the base rates below and/or in the applicable<br>supplement. Those reference banks and dealers may include the calculation agent itself and its<br>affiliates, as well as any underwriter, dealer, or agent participating in the distribution of the<br>relevant floating-rate notes and its affiliates, and they may include our affiliates.</p>\n<br><p id='100' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>At the request of the holder of any floating-rate note, the calculation agent will provide the<br>interest rate then in effect for that floating-rate note and, if already determined, the interest rate<br>that is to take effect on the next interest reset date.</p>\n<br><p id='101' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>LIBOR Notes. Each LIBOR note will bear interest at the LIBOR base rate, adjusted by any<br>spread or spread multiplier, as specified in the applicable supplement. The LIBOR base rate will<br>be the London interbank offered rate for deposits in U.S. dollars or any index currency, as<br>specified in the applicable supplement.</p>\n<br><p id='102' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>LIBOR for any interest determination date will be the arithmetic mean of the offered rates<br>for deposits in the relevant index currency having the index maturity described in the applicable<br>supplement, commencing on the related interest reset date, as the rates appear on the Reuters<br>LIBOR screen page designated in the applicable supplement as of 11:00 A.M., London time, on<br>that interest determination date, if at least two offered rates appear on the designated LIBOR<br>page, except that, if the designated Reuters LIBOR screen page only provides for a single rate,<br>that single rate will be used.</p>\n<br><p id='103' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>If fewer than two of the rates described above appear on that page or no rate appears on any<br>page on which only one rate normally appears, then the calculation agent will determine LIBOR<br>as follows:</p>\n<br><p id='104' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(cid:129) The calculation agent will select four major banks in the London interbank market, after<br>consultation with us. On the interest determination date, those four banks will be<br>requested to provide their offered quotations for deposits in the relevant index currency<br>having an index maturity specified in the applicable supplement commencing on the<br>interest reset date to prime banks in the London interbank market at approximately<br>11:00 A.M., London time.</p>\n<br><p id='105' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(cid:129) If at least two quotations are provided, the calculation agent will determine LIBOR as<br>the arithmetic mean of those quotations.</p>\n<br><p id='106' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(cid:129) If fewer than two quotations are provided, the calculation agent will select, after<br>consultation with us, three major banks in New York City. On the interest determination<br>date, those three banks will be requested to provide their offered quotations for loans in<br>the relevant index currency having an index maturity specified in the applicable<br>supplement commencing on the interest reset date to leading European banks at<br>approximately 11:00 A.M., New York time. The calculation agent will determine LIBOR<br>as the average of those quotations.</p>\n<br><p id='107' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>(cid:129) If fewer than three New York City banks selected by the calculation agent are quoting<br>rates, LIBOR for that interest period will remain LIBOR then in effect on the interest<br>determination date.</p>\n<br><p id='108' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>EURIBOR Notes. Each EURIBOR note will bear interest at the EURIBOR base rate,<br>adjusted by any spread or spread multiplier, as specified in the applicable supplement.</p>\n<br><p id='109' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>EURIBOR, for any interest determination date, will mean the rate for deposits in euro as<br>sponsored, calculated, and published jointly by the European Banking Federation and ACI\u2014The</p>\n<footer id='110' style='font-size:14px'>19</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 3348439, "type": "text", "content": "# What is fallback language?\n\n\n \n\nTerms and conditions of \ufb01nancial products typically contain fallback\nprovisions, which identify how a \nsuccessor or substitute will be selected if LIBOR, EURIBOR, EONIA or a similar\nbenchmark is not \npublished. There is a risk that fallback terms do not adequately cater for the\ncircumstances in which \nthey need to be used. For example, fallbacks which rely on a poll of banks are\ndependent on the \nco-operation of third parties, which may not be provided.\n\n\nFallback language in the context of LIBOR is the contractual language\ncontingent on the cessation \ntrigger and/or the pre-cessation trigger that will initiate the switch to the\nARR. Links to various \nregulatory working groups are set out below, detailing their respective\nrecommendations on \nfallbacks.\n\n\n# What is Credit Adjustment Spread (CAS)?\n\n\n \n\nLIBORs and ARRs are economically different, as demonstrated by the different\ncomposition of the \ntwo. \nGiven this difference, a credit adjustment spread (CAS) may be required when\ntransitioning a LIBOR \nreferencing \ufb01nancing to an ARR referencing \ufb01nancing to eliminate or minimize\nany transfer of value.\n\n\nOne of the methods for determining the CAS is the \u2018ISDA Median Spread\u2019. The\nInternational Swaps \nand Derivatives Association (ISDA) provided for the calculation of the ISDA\nMedian Spread. It is \nequivalent to the median difference over a historic \ufb01ve year period (ending no\nlater than two \nbusiness days before the relevant IBOR Pre-Cessation Date) between the\nrelevant IBOR being \nreplaced and the corresponding ARR compounded in arrears for the term\nequivalent to the tenor of \nthe IBOR it replaces.\n\n\nThe ISDA Median Spread was determined and \ufb01xed on 5 March 2021. This\nestablishes a benchmark \nfor the application of a credit adjustment spread in moving LIBOR referenced\n\ufb01nancing \narrangements to ARR referencing \ufb01nance arrangements.\n\n\nWhile the ISDA Median Spread may be applied in whole or used as a benchmark,\nultimately it is a \ncommercial agreement to be made between the parties and so, banks are likely\nto adopt alternate \nmethodologies to compute applicable credit adjustment spread.\n\n\nIs there any guidance for Islamic \ufb01nancing and Islamic derivatives?\n\n\n \n\nConcrete regulatory guidance, and corresponding industry consensus, on IBOR\nreferencing Islamic \n\ufb01nancing and derivative products are yet to emerge.\n\n\nWhat are the fallbacks being developed in the Derivatives markets?\n\n\n \n\nThe IIFM guidance is awaited for fallback protocol regarding derivatives.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 771885, "type": "text", "content": "FPML IR 2020 WORKSTREAM - DISCUSSION PAPER\n\n\n\uf0b7 Irrespective or whether there will be a recommended practice for calculation\nof overnight rates \nor multiple methods such as \u201clookback\u201d and \u201crate shift\u201d, each one should be\nclearly defined and \ndocumented with examples. \n\uf0b7 Are there any other items in the 2021 Definitions that will require FpML\nchanges?\n\n\n \n\no For example, Guy Gurden from MarkitWire reports that cash settlement terms\n(e.g. for \nearly termination provisions) may need to be updated or redesigned to\naccommodate \nRFRs. Also, we may need to make adjustment to agreed discounting for\nSwaptions, e.g. \nrelated to the mutually-agreed clearinghouse on the underlying swap.\n\n\n \n\n\uf0b7 Are there any issues/required FpML changes related to support the transition\nto the new rates \nand definitions (and elimination of FRO names), such as\ndocumentation/coordination of \ntransition dates, mappings between old and new FRO names, etc., etc.? For\nexample, when \nthe FRO name \u201cGBP-WMBA-SONIA-COMPOUND\u201d was replaced with \u201cGBP-SONIA-OIS- \nCOMPOUND\u201d (the \u201cWMBA\u201d publication source was dropped) it caused a lot of\nproblems from \nthe affirmation and clearing perspective, even though SONIA had a relatively\nsmall number of \ntrades at the time. USD-LIBOR- BBA currently has 100 times as many trades as\nSONIA had at the \ntime. \n\uf0b7 Will it be necessary to be able to fully represent trades that mirror trades\nthat work under the \nISDA IBOR fallback method, i.e. to fully represent the logic of the fallback\nmethod? The fallback \nmethod includes the idea that if the fallback rate for the observation date is\nnot available on the \nreset day, the most recently available fallback rate should be used. This is\ncomplex to represent \nif there are holidays, etc.\n\n\nPage 8\n\n\n \n23 March 2021\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 771897, "type": "text", "content": "FPML IR 2020 WORKSTREAM - DISCUSSION PAPER\n\n\nA more detailed description is available at \nhttps://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/Microsites/arrc/files/2019/ARRC_SOFR_FRN_Matrix_Ap \npendix.pdf on page 5. It may be worth pointing out that when the rate is\ncompounded, the rate cannot \nsimply be multiplied by the weight\u2026 rather, the rate must be compounded the\nnumber of times \ndefined by the weight.\n\n\n\uf0b7 worked calculation of payoff. See spreadsheet. \n\uf0b7 See note above on calculation issues\n\n\n# Required Data fields:\n\n\n \n\n\uf0b7 Business days for adjusting the calculation period \n\uf0b7 Business days for adjusting the index observations (fixing). \n\uf0b7 Lag (fixing lag, fixing offset) between the reset/calculation date and the\nrate observation date. \n\uf0b7 Whether the rate sets in advance or in arrears (typically in arrears) \n\uf0b7 Day count fraction for the rate calculation \n\uf0b7 Payment offset (if any), including amount of lag, day type (bus/calendar),\nand business days \n\uf0b7 Compounding type \n\uf0b7 Averaging type (weighted/unweighted) \n\uf0b7 That the averaging weighting is done on the fixing (observation) period\nbusiness days \n\uf0b7 Rate cut-off period and type (if any)\n\n\n5.6. Representation of the ISDA IBOR Fallback methodology\n\n\nThe ISDA IBOR fallback methodology is similar to section 5.5. However, there\nis a difference. Bloomberg \nwill publish a fallback rate for each original IBOR fixing date. However, it\nmay happen that that rate is \nnot available when required for a given swap (typically 2 days prior to\npayment), because of holidays. In\n\n\nPage 20\n\n\n \n23 March 2021\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Given that the spread for Overnight CHF LIBOR vs SARON is visually represented on the right-hand side in the provided chart, deduce how this arrangement assists in distinguishing it from the actual rate values presented on the left.	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 404, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["format reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 2287220, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='117' style='font-size:16px'>Race<br>College communications is adopting the Washington Post\u2019s style guidance regarding race.</h1>\n<h1 id='118' style='font-size:16px'>Black: Uppercase the B in Black.</h1>\n<p id='119' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>It should be noted that while African American is also acceptable for those in the U.S.,<br>the terms are not necessarily interchangeable. Americans of Caribbean heritage, for<br>example, generally refer to themselves as Caribbean American. Follow an individual\u2019s<br>preference if known, and be specific when possible.</p>\n<h1 id='120' style='font-size:16px'>White: Uppercase the W in White.</h1>\n<p id='121' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Brown: Limit the uppercase version of the racial categorization Brown to direct<br>quotations and use it sparingly in other instances. Although the term has gained general<br>acceptance, the designation is seen by many as a catchall to describe people of color of<br>vastly diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds who are not Black.</p>\n<h1 id='122' style='font-size:20px'>- Titles</h1>\n<br><p id='123' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>For Class Notes, these are the titles we include after a person\u2019s name (please note that<br>titles/degrees such as these should follow class and/or parent years and be set off by commas):<br>Ph.D., M.D., D.O., D.D.S.</p>\n<h1 id='124' style='font-size:16px'>SEE ALSO: DEGREES</h1>\n<p id='125' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Erin (Burke) Hovey \u201996 P\u201926, Ph.D., has been named commencement speaker.</p>\n<p id='126' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Inigo \u201cInnie\u201d F. Montoya Jr. \u201987, M.D., said he was inspired to become a doctor by his<br>father\u2019s dear friend, Miracle Max.</p>\n<p id='127' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Rick Blaine \u201946 (V-12 Program), D.O., is the great-grandfather of incoming Ursinus<br>student Lundy Blaine \u201922.</p>\n<h1 id='128' style='font-size:16px'>Capitalize titles when they precede a name:</h1>\n<p id='129' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>President Brock Blomberg was inaugurated in October 2015.</p>\n<p id='130' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Professor of Biology and Associate Dean of the College Charles Darwin was interviewed<br>for a story in Ursinus Magazine.</p>\n<p id='131' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>On Tuesday, Chair Lori Greiner delivered a speech.</p>\n<h1 id='132' style='font-size:16px'>Lowercase titles when they follow a name:</h1>\n<br><p id='133' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Brock Blomberg, president of Ursinus, was inaugurated in October 2015.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2287215, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Newspapers<br>Periodicals<br>Pamphlets<br>Movies<br>TV shows<br>Podcasts<br>Plays (regardless of length)<br>Radio programs<br>Operas, oratorios, tone poems, and other long musical compositions (use standard<br>capitalization)</p>\n<h1 id='36' style='font-size:14px'>Use quotation marks for:</h1>\n<br><p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Classes (students in the \u201cInnovations in Biology\u201d class)<br>Songs<br>Single episodes of TV shows<br>Single episodes of podcasts<br>Most poems (see below)</p>\n<p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Titles of songs and other shorter musical compositions are enclosed in quotation marks,<br>capitalized in the same way as poems.</p>\n<p id='39' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>\u201cLa vendetta, oh, la vendetta\u201d from The Marriage of Figaro<br>the \u201cAnvil Chorus\u201d from Verdi\u2019s Il Trovatore<br>Handel\u2019s Messiah<br>Rhapsody in Blue<br>Finlandia<br>\u201cAll You Need Is Love\u201d (a song by the Beatles)<br>\u201cSo What\u201d (a composition by Miles Davis)<br>\u201cThe Star-Spangled Banner\u201d<br>\u201cOh, What a Beautiful Mornin\u2019 \u201d from Oklahoma!<br>\u201cWohin?\u201d from Die sch\u00f6ne M\u00fcllerin</p>\n<p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Titles of most poems are enclosed in quotation marks. A very long poetic work, especially one<br>constituting a book, is italicized and not enclosed in quotation marks.</p>\n<br><p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Robert Frost\u2019s poem \u201cThe Housekeeper\u201d in his collection North of Boston<br>Dante\u2019s Inferno</p>\n<p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>In a stand-alone literary study where many poems, short and long, are mentioned, it may be<br>better to set all their titles in italics.</p>\n<p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>For periodicals and newspapers, the initial \u201cthe\u201d\u2014even if it is part of the official title\u2014is<br>lowercased (unless it begins a sentence) and not italicized.</p>\n<br><p id='44' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>She reads the Grizzly in Wismer every morning.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 695356, "type": "text", "content": "rumors, album sales and more. And let me say, from personal experience, that\nit can create some doozies. No ads, discount codes and more. \nStories are posted daily, selected from press. Search 15,270 historic\nnewspaper archives from countries & all 50 US states and 3 US \nterritories. Cookies help to provide a more personalized experience and\nrelevant advertising for you, and web analytics for us. Curt Yengst, \nCSRE, is assistant engineer for WAWZ(FM) in Zarephath, N. It helps you to\ngenerate titles as well as. Follow The Telegraph for the latest \nheadlines on Macon Telegraph news. Doctor Name Generator.Then children create\ntheir own headlines for a variety of given articles. \nCensored News on Policing and Prisons \u2013 Free E-Book. The urgent and long\noverdue public discussions about how to end police brutality and \ndismantle the prison-industrial complex should include deliberation about our\nnews media. 1 Generate Titles From Blog Title Generator. \nRemember, sometimes it\u2019s enough to simply ask a question. Title Generator.\nNewspaper Headlines And Leads. While this gadget delivers the \nresults instantly, it is still only a tool. The point of a headline is to\nstand out and get attention so if you do the same old \u201cSingle mom looking for \nsomeone special\u201d you may get lost in the crowd. [email protected] We ship\ninternationally and offer a fast, friendly service. This is the \nUpworthy Generator! It randomly creates Upworthy-style articles. Personally, I\nam much fond of reading newspapers, especially English \neditions. By Aaron Borrill. Tabloid Headline Generator! This page\nautomatically generates tabloid headlines, patterned after the classic Weekly \nWorld News of the 1980s and 1990s. If you've got a news-themed Youtube channel\n(or even just a news segment within your regular \ncontent), this template is a perfect introduction for anything news related.\nHow to Write an Effective News Headline 1. Just upload a photo and \nadd your own text. Follow us on Twitter. Break Your Own News. Check out the\nlatest unusual headlines. Kickass Headline Generator. \nCensored News on Policing and Prisons \u2013 Free E-Book. Marine Insight makes a\nconscious effort to draw people\u2019s attention toward key \nmaritime issues that can shape the future of the marine world and of the\nentire human habitat. The 10 most popular typeface families in \nAmerican newspapers according to a study by Ascender Corporation: 1. Our\nheadline analyzer scores your article title, ad headline, or email \nsubject for readability, SEO, and sentiment by using over 50 different data\npoints. Share to Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Linkedin \nand anywhere video lives. Domain Registration Data. Save on a range of\ngenerator deals at the Cyber Monday 2020 sale, together with all the \nlatest portable, standby & inverter generator savings Cyber Monday generator\ndeals for 2020 have arrived. Fake Newspaper Headline \nGenerator. The official source for NFL news, schedules, stats, scores and\nmore. Witty headlines combined with clever photo edits make even \nthe most absurd. Go for a catchy headline like the one in the template, after\nall, it is the most important part of a news article. com) issue a \nsector snapshot featuring comments and insights from leaders in Hydrogen Tech\ndiscussing the future. The proposals, by applicants \nWoodhouse Properties, seek outline permission to develop a largely vacant and\nunderused 6. 1 Generate Titles From Blog Title Generator. \nProfessional Custom Framing. How to Write an Effective News Headline 1. Here\nare some tried and true examples for. Sunny, cold today \nahead of weekend winter storm. Find & Download Free Graphic Resources for News\nHeadline. Find the newest News Headline Generator \nmeme. Breaking science and technology news from around the world. Email him\nyour headline, then see them posted here. The World\u2019s Only \nReliable News. 5 hour, every 2 hours etc. New York Times: Latest Headlines.\nExclusive stories and expert analysis on space, technology, \nhealth, physics, life and Earth. \u2022 Make a TV news clipping with your own\nheadline and story. Here\u2019s how to use the Automatic Kickass \nHeadline Generator: Pick any of the headline categories (numbered lists, how\nto, etc. As you can see, the grammar rules for newspaper \nheadlines can lead to ambiguous headlines, as many words are implied and not\nwritten. Use a catchy generator to keep your audience on your \nblog article. The latest news headlines are on the left. The generator\nprovides plenty of great new ways to avoid addressing Trump\u2019s racist \nbehavior in any way that would actually matter, coming up with furtive\ndescriptions suitable to describe whatever. Nameboy is the oldest and \nbest domain name generator on the internet. Just a link for a newspaper\nclipping generator I found while tidying e-mail account. EPA Press \nOffice (MC 1701A). Get latest Queens borough news and more from NY1, Charter\nSpectrum's 24-hour news channel in New York City. To \nanalyze how clickable your title is, specify your desired SEO title in the\ntitle bar and hit the Analyze button. However, the Rockets' roster looks \na. Umansky et al. Just enter a few inputs and get Blog Topic Headline Title\nGenerator. 3 We'll find a way to blame Trump. Unlike most other \nheadline generator tools, Tweak Your Biz uses smart technology to give you\namazing headline ideas that you can use within your blog posts, \nemail subject lines, tweets and so on. The headline I pilfered was #5 \u2014 I just\nsubstituted Founders Circle Membership with the name of my \ntesting program! I tried to edit and/or improve on it but it was too good to\nchange. Spoof Newspaper Headline Powerpoint Example Template \nDownload If you\u2019ve been wondering how to organize the pages of your newspaper\neffectively, you could try out this template. This newspaper \nname generator will create 50+ popular newspaper names with just one click.\nBefore focusing on any news article, I would start from the \nheadline, if it sounds interesting, I will go on. Create Your Top Story of\nToday. The NYPD Files. Rotoworld fantasy sports news and analysis \nfor NFL, MLB, NBA, NHL, CFB, Golf, EPL and NASCAR. By tweaking it, I increased\nthe conversion rate by 40%. Photographs by \nAndrew Brodhead taken on a rainy winter day reflect the relative emptiness of\ncampus during the continuing pandemic, but also the beauty of \nthe. Meme Generator The Communist News Network. It happened around 1:45 p.\nFind the newest News Headline Generator meme. Domain \nRegistration Data. Striving for mediocrity in a world of excellence. Super\nBowl FanDuel Picks. Share on Facebook. Express: Nice! 81. (The \nNew York Times: In Starting With a Prepositional Phrase, a Way to Sound\nIntelligent. news word press media reports headlines stories \nupdates bulletin story reporter update report coverage. Manchester, UK-based\ndata centre operator Teledata has completed a GBP 450,000 \ninvestment at its Wythenshawe colocation and cloud hosting facility to improve\nresilience and protect infrastructure. Use our random password \ngenerator to create strong passwords for all your online accounts. Generate\npersonalized first page with photos and titles you want of famous \nnewspapers from all over the world (like The Times, Le Figaro, Le Monde,\nRepubblica, a book cover ) and create funny fake news and share \nfor joke. JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. Post to /r/webgames instead. In order to view\nthis page correctly, you must have a JavaScript-enabled \nbrowser and have JavaScript turned on. More Latest News. This tutorial\nexplains what HTML elements and attributes are, and how to use \nthem. January 6, 2021. The newspaper\u2019s headline raised the question of which\nis worse: reality TV, or a nuclear holocaust? Tough call. \nUniversity Relations. co - Situs Berita Terkini Indonesia, yang Menyajikan\nBerita Hari Ini, Mengenai Politik, Hukum, Nasional, Dunia, Bisnis, \nBola, Seleb Hingga Travel. Use a catchy generator to keep your audience on\nyour blog article. LinkedIn Headline Example for a Consultant, \nSpeaker, Expert. 20 and his assist on Thursday ended a three-game point\ndrought. . Free for commercial use High Quality Images. to take \nyour questions during Spotlight Hawaii, a series from the Honolulu Star-\nAdvertiser that shines a spotlight on issues. On the right, we break them \ndown into several different topics. Get your perfect headline with the free\nContent Ideas Generator from @SEMrush! #topicresearch The most \ncreative title generator \u2014 Generate catchy headlines for your articles and\nblog posts with one click!. Hey kids! Welcome to the world of \nwacky headlines, where very weird things happen all the time. Your generated\nlist can be emailed to you when you're done. A 2016 Pew poll \nfound that nearly a quarter of Americans said they had shared a made-up news\nstory. Just upload a photo and add your own text. a book title) \nor in quotation marks (e. image: Repeated property of ImageObject or URL. The\nDaily Telegraph has always been a bastion of independent\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 695357, "type": "text", "content": "news. Download. - Random Numbers every Time with ability to repeat the. 27,\nwas confiscated by a store employee, who turned. Headline \nfrom Jan 30, 1940 Modern \"William Tell\" Shoots Man Holding Son at Gunpoint.\nFollow Daily Mail. * Video News * Browse by country and \ncategories * RSS. #14 Use Power Words to Create Emotional Blog Titles\nCoSchedule conducted a study that measured the effect of the \nEmotional Marketing Value (EMV) of headlines on the total number of shares a\npost has. Fonts \u2022 Resources Andrian Valeanu \u2022 August 20, \n2015 \u2022 10 minutes READ If you write for a site or a magazine, it is the\ncontent and the title that meets the visitor\u2019s eye before they read in \ndetail. Generate GREAT titles for articles and blog posts. Covid-19 news: Two\nnew vaccines found effective in clinical trials It\u2019s A Sin review: \nA series that will tug on your heartstrings Don\u2019t Miss: Space Sweepers, a\nSouth Korean blockbuster on Netflix. Have fun! Tips: Use the button \nat the top of your picture to download it to your computer! See this page for\nmore ideas! To align the text (left, center, or right) on this picture, \njust put spaces before or after any of the words until you like the way it\nlooks. Sadly, Puerto Rico lacks an. Leavenworth County Mobile \ngenerator, electrical work approved at regular meeting. It will help you to\ngenerate 1000's of cool Newspaper Names which you can use in \nbooks, novels, games, or whatever fantasy world you want to use it. Hundreds\nof people contacted British newspaper the Guardian, offering \ntheir responses to the hearings and sharing their personal experiences with\nsexual assault. Write attention-grabbing titles without risking your \nbrand\u2019s reputation. You can add little tips to the config that can give\nplayers tips while things load. When Cops and Gun Rights Clash, Cops \nWin (Parts 1-4) Hurley et al. Take a look at the examples and select the\ncomment that best answers questions relating to various newspaper \nheadlines. Ah, that ever mythical Florida Man. Chart and analyze over 300\nreal-time forex, metals, energy, and cryptocurrency instruments. \n061004000100 1960s Newspaper Headlines Decade Book. Simply follow the 3 steps:\nSearch, select, and get the perfect domain name!. \nDrake Lyrics Please note: this generator brings in words from an external\nsource, which can. Find & Download Free Graphic Resources for \nNews Headline. Deputy PM visits first cases of clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccine Nano Covax (photos) (09:09 \| 21/12/2020). Or, it may \nhave received poor reviews in the past. Refresh the page for more tabloid\nheadlines! SEX-CHANGE DOC MADE ME PREGNANT -- \nTHEN STOLE THE BABY!. Real BitCoin Generator Hack tool 2018 \| Breaking News - jobs, bitcoin news, Business. See just how far \npeople will stretch the truth with this selection of the wildest fallacies,\nhoaxes, and parodies. Yahoo! Sports - Comprehensive news, scores, \nstandings, fantasy games, rumors, and more. Search 15,270 historic newspaper\narchives from countries & all 50 US states and 3 US \nterritories. Print one copy or thousands, from a range of sizes. Easily create\nvideos to promote your podcast, radio show or blog. If you're not \nsatisfied with. Create Your Top Story of Today. Your product might be new and\nunfamiliar to your audience. Related: Create RSS Feeds from \nAny Website Published in: convert - Embed - RSS - Software Hacks. Headline\nAnalyzer Headline Generator Topic Follower Text Analyzer \nTrending Topics Word Counter Case Converter Sign up Login. a clapper board.\nCensored News on Policing and Prisons \u2013 Free E-Book. \nThere are some errors in your form. Headline from Jan 30, 1940 Modern \"William\nTell\" Shoots Man Holding Son at Gunpoint. With the click \nof a button, the BuzzFeed Headline Generator randomly creates original\nBuzzFeed-style headlines. The Breaking News Meme Generator - \nToday's top story you! Or, whatever you want. com Our site carries over 30,000\nPC fonts and Mac fonts. In contrast, the case study variation \nmakes the headline far more interesting: How I Built an Online T-Shirt\nBusiness and Made $1,248. Sadly, Puerto Rico lacks an. Florida man \nFlorida man accused of suggesting he was police officer during sexual battery,\nrobbery attack: cops December 31, 2020 7:20 pm Fox \nNewsFox News Flash top headlines are here. Read all the latest news, breaking\nstories, top headlines, opinion, pictures and videos about Edo \nState from Nigeria and the world on today. React 365 This user-created fake\nnews generator, supposedly for \"pranking your friends\", had at \nleast two stories that went viral. Note: font can be customized per-textbox by\nclicking the gear icon. These wonderful stories compiled from \nQuora are just one sentence long, but they will fill you with many emotions.\nMost of these newspaper front pages from are from publications \navailable through PressReader. Free Articles generator online Create articles\nautomatically on any subject by adding keyword and use the \ngenerated texts with any of your favorite SEO software. Talk to The Times:\nDeputy Technology Editor David Gallagher (MediaandAdvertising) \nDavid Gallagher is answering questions Sept. com Newswire) Investorideas.\nNews, events and stories from the UAE including: courts, \neducation, environment, weather, government, health, transport, heritage,\nscience and space. Here are some features of English headlines. The \nimages featuring edited parody headlines began trending in early December 2019\nafter popular Twitter parody account Shaniqua O'Tool was \nsuspended from Twitter after The Guardian editor Tom Stevens filed a copyright\nstrike against the account. The jackpot is the usual amount \neach superdraw is raised to, and paves the way for the new jackpot cap of \u20ac210\nmillion to be reached and another record jackpot win to be \nmade. Breaking News Generator. Portent's Content Idea Generator lets you\ncreate catchy titles for your next blog post, podcast, or video. \nImpeccable coverage on society, politics, business, sports and entertainment.\n4 years ago. Exercises 1 and 2 look at how easy it is to make \nfake news or re-tell the same story in different ways. Roll a dice and\ndiscover the subject of your headline using the. news word press media \nreports headlines stories updates bulletin story reporter update report\ncoverage. You can also add a subsequent heading and subheading in \nsmaller found under the main headline, as this will go along and also, make\nthe article look worthy to read. News Sports Life Opinion Business \nObituaries E-Edition Legals. Generate hundreds of free keyword ideas for\nGoogle, Bing, YouTube, and Amazon, complete with monthly \nsearch volumes and Keyword Difficulty scores. The free version of our Cloud\nDesigner is mainly for clients who need software to design for \nPrinted Newsprint Newspapers or students for homework assignments. Hannu\nToivonen hannu. January Predictor makes headlines but says \nlittle about the U. Generate News Channel Names. Breaking news and video. This\nspoof newspaper template could have many uses, including \ncollege and school projects and fun cards to send news to your friends and\nfamily. Make your own TV news screen with Breaking News effect \nand have fun! Take a photo, add TV news headline and laugh to tears while you\ntroll your friends. University Relations. Customize this \nnewspaper! Add a section title and a headline for the article. This is real\nlife. Bounce around thousands of crazy, pointless, funny, intereractive, \ninformative and interesting webistes made by the most odd people online. Make\na newspaper clipping with your own headline and story. \nDepartment of Veterans Affairs (USDVA) announced that Charlotte Hall Veterans\nHome in St. Online Text Generator is a website built for \nusers to quickly and easily create custom text graphics in your favorite text\nfont themes. Purdue Newsroom features all important recent \nUniversity happenings, including daily campus events, Purdue Today and Purdue\nin the news, as well as various media contacts. Purdue \nNewsroom features all important recent University happenings, including daily\ncampus events, Purdue Today and Purdue in the news, as well \nas various media contacts. Today's headlines. From elections to pandemics and\nthe politics in between, read the latest in breaking world news \nand updates. 25 Funny Newspaper Headlines To Crack You Up Best Life. The Onion\nbrings you all of the latest news, stories, photos, videos \nand more from America's finest news source. Impress your brainiac friends. The\nNewspaper Headline Generator. This tool provides you \nmockup of Twitter Tweet. \"Your friend kidnapped!\". The latest news headlines\nare on the left. , World, Entertainment, Health, Business, \nTechnology, Politics, Sports. EPA Press Office (MC 1701A). If your\nheadline/tagline combination is short but summarizes your content, \nvisitors will be more likely to read on. Hot Air is the leading conservative\nblog for breaking news and commentary covering the Obama\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 195742, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='45' style='font-size:20px'>CAPITALISATION</h1>\n<p id='46' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Capitalisation appears in various forms on Today Digital sites. Title case capitalises<br>the first letter of each word except for prepositions, conjunctions, and articles.<br>Sentence case only applies capital letters to the first letter of the first word in a<br>sentence.</p>\n<p id='47' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>For URLS and email addresses, we use all lowercase</p>\n<h1 id='48' style='font-size:18px'>john.smith@todaydigital.com</h1>\n<h1 id='49' style='font-size:18px'>todaydigital.com</h1>\n<p id='50' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Do not capitalise random words in sentences unless it\u2019s a name. You can see our<br>full word list for words we never capitalise, a few examples include:</p>\n<h1 id='51' style='font-size:18px'>website</h1>\n<h1 id='52' style='font-size:18px'>internet</h1>\n<h1 id='53' style='font-size:18px'>online</h1>\n<h1 id='54' style='font-size:18px'>email</h1>\n<p id='55' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Content Style Guide</p>\n<br><h1 id='56' style='font-size:22px'>STYLE GUIDE</h1>\n<br><p id='57' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>15</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2058850, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='39' style='font-size:14px'>CHAPTER 1 \u2013 INTRODUCTION</h1>\n<p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The chapter titles should be line spaced down to the 2-inch mark on the side ruler or three<br>inches down on the page. They are in ALL CAPS and should be bold. Use the word chapter and<br>a number for each one along with the description. Be sure to use an em-dash between the two<br>parts, which can be added by pressing Alt + Ctrl + the minus key or pressing Alt + 0151.</p>\n<br><h1 id='41' style='font-size:14px'>Section Header</h1>\n<p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Using a section header helps organize your paper. These should each be listed on your<br>Table of Contents. They are flush with the left margin, in Title Caps, and in bold. There is no<br>period at the end, but if your section title is a question you can use a question mark at the end.</p>\n<br><p id='43' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Level 3 sub headers. These are strange; they are in sentence caps, meaning only the first<br>word is capitalized and it has a period at the end, though they are in bold and indented.<br>Furthermore, the accompanying text starts immediately afterward on the same line.</p>\n<br><h1 id='44' style='font-size:14px'>More Guidelines</h1>\n<p id='45' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>While you can follow this template there are many rules and formats you want to follow<br>for your paper. For these you can consult the Student Services online resources or contact the<br>Writing Coach Christopher Posey (cposey@rollins.edu or 407-670-9283) for help.</p>\n<footer id='46' style='font-size:14px'>1</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 248296, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='13' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>References: References should be listed at the end of the article as either \u201cWorks Cited\u201d or<br>\u201cBibliography\u201d as necessary.</p>\n<p id='14' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>FORMATTING IS PRESCRIBED AS FOLLOWS:</p>\n<table id='15' style='font-size:20px'><tr><td></td><td>style</td><td>font</td><td>font size</td><td>font colour</td><td>line spacing</td><td>Character formatting</td><td>alignment</td></tr><tr><td>Title</td><td>Title</td><td>Arial</td><td>24</td><td>black</td><td>1</td><td>ALL CAPS</td><td>centre</td></tr><tr><td>Author List</td><td>Author list</td><td>Arial</td><td>12</td><td>black</td><td>1</td><td>Sentence case</td><td>centre</td></tr><tr><td>Introduction header</td><td>Introduction</td><td>Arial</td><td>16</td><td>black</td><td>1</td><td>ALL CAPS</td><td>centre</td></tr><tr><td>Section headers</td><td>Section header</td><td>Arial</td><td>14</td><td>black</td><td>1</td><td>SMALL CAPS - UNDERLINED</td><td>left</td></tr><tr><td>Subsection headers</td><td>Subsection header</td><td>Arial</td><td>12</td><td>black</td><td>1</td><td>SMALL CAPS - ITALICIZED</td><td>left</td></tr><tr><td>Body</td><td>Normal</td><td>Arial</td><td>11</td><td>black</td><td>1.5</td><td>Sentence case</td><td>left</td></tr><tr><td>Footnotes</td><td>Footnote</td><td>Arial</td><td>9</td><td>black</td><td>1</td><td>1. Sentence Case</td><td>left at foot of page</td></tr><tr><td>Page numbers</td><td>Page numbers</td><td>Arial</td><td>9</td><td>black</td><td>1</td><td>Standard number style (1, 2, 3\u2026)</td><td>right in footer</td></tr></table>\n<p id='16' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>You may either format your own document or use the following template as the styles have<br>been configured in the styles pane according to the table above \u2013 simply delete the<br>directions in the template and replace with your article content, then select the specified text<br>in your article from the table above and apply the appropriate style.</p>\n<figure><img id='17' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(208,1181); bottom-right:(1024,1318)\" /></figure>\n<br><p id='18' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Styles Pane on the Home ribbon</p>\n<p id='19' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:20px'>We have provided an example of the specific formatting with the specific style name in<br>parentheses (style), along with additional instructions below.</p>\n<footer id='20' style='font-size:16px'>2</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 341239, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='3' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Tags can be in either lower case or upper case. Thus, <head> and <HEAD> mean the same<br>thing, but newer versions of the standard require lower case only. Actual layout of the HTML<br>document is irrelevant. HTML parsers ignore extra spaces and carriage returns since they have<br>to reformat the text to make it fit the current display area. Consequently, white space can be<br>added at will to make HTML documents more readable, something most of them are badly in<br>need of. As another consequence, blank lines cannot be used to separate paragraphs, as they<br>are simply ignored. An explicit tag is required.</p>\n<p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Some tags have (named) parameters, called attributes. For example,</p>\n<h1 id='5' style='font-size:14px'><img src=\"abc\" alt=\"foobar\"></h1>\n<p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>is a tag, <img>, with parameter src set equal to abc and parameter alt set equal to foobar. For<br>each tag, the HTML standard gives a list of what the permitted parameters, if any, are, and<br>what they mean. Because each parameter is named, the order in which the parameters are<br>given is not significant.</p>\n<p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Technically, HTML documents are written in the ISO 8859-1 Latin-1 character set, but for users<br>whose keyboards support only ASCII, escape sequences are present for the special characters,<br>such as \u00e8. The list of special characters is given in the standard. All of them begin with an<br>ampersand and end with a semicolon. For example,   produces a space, è<br>produces \u00e8 and é produces \u00e9. Since <, >, and & have special meanings, they can be<br>expressed only with their escape sequences, <, >, and &, respectively.</p>\n<p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>The main item in the head is the title, delimited by <title> and </title>, but certain kinds of<br>meta-information may also be present. The title itself is not displayed on the page. Some<br>browsers use it to label the page's window.</p>\n<p id='9' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Let us now take a look at some of the other features illustrated in Fig. 7-26. All of the tags<br>used in Fig. 7-26 and some others are shown in Fig. 7-27. Headings are generated by an <hn><br>tag, where n is a digit in the range 1 to 6. Thus <h1> is the most important heading; <h6> is<br>the least important one. It is up to the browser to render these appropriately on the screen.<br>Typically the lower numbered headings will be displayed in a larger and heavier font. The<br>browser may also choose to use different colors for each level of heading. Typically <h1><br>headings are large and boldface with at least one blank line above and below. In contrast,<br><h2> headings are in a smaller font with less space above and below.</p>\n<p id='10' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Figure 7-27. A selection of common HTML tags. Some can have<br>additional parameters.</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 255973, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='0' style='font-size:14px'>THE. ROCKET</h1>", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 197204, "type": "text", "content": " \n\nSubheadings should be in bold font with initial \ncapitals, and left justified. Insert one line before \nthe subheading title, but not after.\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	Given that the document title has a common typographical format featuring uppercase letters, what would be a likely presentation format if the title were to be used as a headline in a newspaper?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 411, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["format reasoning"]}
[{"docid": 2441049, "type": "text", "content": "# Next Steps School \nMiddle\n\n\n \n\n# Sample Schedule - (Grade 7)\n\n\n \n\n\u25cf June 25 - Reach out to families who submitted enrollment \nrequest for the virtual program and begin the hiring process\n\n\n\u25cf By Mid-July - Contact participating elementary and grade 6 \nfamilies to finalize course schedules and review student \nsupports\n\n\n\u25cf Mid- to late-August - students and families will engage in \norientation activities for the virtual program\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1096669, "type": "html", "content": "<header id='0' style='font-size:14px'>9/8/2020</header>\n<figure><img id='1' alt=\"\" data-coord=\"top-left:(136,186); bottom-right:(702,741)\" /></figure>\n<br><h1 id='2' style='font-size:16px'>In\u00a02018,\u00a0you\u00a0<br>transitioned\u00a0from\u00a0<br>only\u00a07th graders\u00a0to\u00a0<br>both\u00a07th and\u00a08th<br>graders.\u00a0Why?\u00a0<br>What\u00a0has\u00a0that\u00a0<br>been\u00a0like?\u00a0<br>What\u00a0have\u00a0you\u00a0<br>noticed?</h1>\n<figure><img id='3' style='font-size:20px' alt=\"What\u00a0strategies\u00a0\nhave\u00a0you\u00a0used\u00a0to\u00a0\nhelp\u00a0sustain\u00a0the\u00a0\nRS+\u00a0program\u00a0at\u00a0\nyour\u00a0school?\" data-coord=\"top-left:(307,899); bottom-right:(1124,1459)\" /></figure>\n<footer id='4' style='font-size:14px'>11</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1369074, "type": "text", "content": "At the same time, transferring to a new environment could represent an\nopportunity for some \nyouth to begin afresh and expand their social ties, such as the addition of\nnew acquaintances with whom \nthey interact for the first time in class, clubs, or sports teams. Although\nprobably uncommon, a few also \nmay take advantage of their shift in surrounds to tackle previously unmet\neducational challenges (Schiller \n1999; Weiss and Bearman 2007), perhaps with the assistance of unique learning\naids available in their \nsecondary school. Adolescents who struggle in the earlier grades, either\nsocially and/or academically, \nwould be the most likely candidates for possible transition benefits.\n\n\n \n\nExtensive research considers outcomes for children and adolescents before and\nafter school \ntransitions. The majority of studies focus on the transition from elementary\nschool to middle school \n(Benner 2011), often examining a shift between 6th and 7th grade. Several\nscholars argue that the 7th \ngrade transition is particularly demanding (Barber and Olsen 2004; Blyth et\nal. 1983). Yet matriculation \nto high school can be arduous as well, and it has important ramifications for\nyoung people (Benner 2011). \nTherefore, here we consider the common, but relatively understudied,\ntransition from middle to high \nschool.\n\n\n \n\nResearch often reports academic problems associated with school transitions\nfor children and \nadolescents. For example, studies quite consistently document that academic\ngrades and outcomes \ndecline, especially for the change from middle to high school (Blyth et al.\n1983; Seidman el al. 1994), \nalthough little is known about possible long-lasting effects. Declines also\nare observed for students\u2019 \nschool engagement, with adolescents becoming less active in extracurricular\nactivities after high school \nentry (Seidman et al. 1996), and teachers reporting that students\u2019 academic\nengagement diminishes \n(Roderick 2003). Students who faced academic difficulties in 8th grade,\nhowever, profited from a change \nto a high school with a smaller proportion of their middle school peers\n(Schiller 1999). As noted \npreviously, research is inconclusive as to whether or not these patterns of\nlosses or gains persist.\n\n\n \n\nFewer studies consider adolescent socioemotional adjustment over the course of\nschool \ntransitions. Those that do, however, tend to document that time period as\ntaxing (Benner 2011). For \nexample, youth exhibit higher levels of anxiety and loneliness over the\ntransition from middle school to\n\n\n9\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1132567, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='20' style='font-size:20px'>Download File PDF 8th To 9th Grade Summer Math Packet I Operations With</h1>\n<p id='21' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>School; Class of 2020; College Kids; Communications for Families</p>\n<p id='22' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Summer Learning (Summer School) / 8th to 9th Grade ...</p>\n<br><p id='23' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Rising 8th Grade Summer Reading List (alpha by title) Rising 8th Grade Summer Reading List (alpha<br>by genre; includes summaries) Discussion Questions for Required Reading Answer the discussion<br>questions in complete sentences. You may type or write your responses. We will discuss them as a<br>class in August. Summer Reading Record</p>\n<p id='24' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Rising 8th Grade - Summer Reading 2020</p>\n<br><p id='25' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>This article is about transferring from 8th grade to 9th grade in overcoming obstacles and<br>challenges we had to face. the article also tells about our weaknesses as incoming 9th graders and<br>it says about our strength that one thing it helps students be familiar with the school teacher and<br>staff .Also it talks about getting all the help you can get and excepting lots og work.Although 9th<br>grade ...</p>\n<p id='26' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Ensuring Successful Student Transitions from the Middle ...</p>\n<br><p id='27' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>If your school system considers your child to be a 9th grader from the moment 8th grade ends, it<br>might be possible for your child to take one or two boring, routine nonacademic courses in summer<br>school to free up time in the academic year for something he/she likes better.</p>\n<p id='28' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Summer before 9th grade \u2014 College Confidential</p>\n<br><p id='29' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Summer Programs; 7th, 8th, 9th Grade Math Enrichment; 7th, 8th, 9th Grade Math Enrichment. Be<br>more prepared for your math class in Fall 2020! This is for any student entering 7th, 8th or 9th<br>grade, to reinforce math skills. WHEN: June 15 - July 16, 2020 WHERE: Your home or wherever your<br>computer can receive internet service</p>\n<p id='30' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Teaching & Learning / 7th, 8th, 9th Grade Math Enrichment</p>\n<br><p id='31' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>My suggestion is to just do 8th and 9th grade homeschooling. I would start 8th in the summer, that<br>way you could be done around October - December (depending on how fast you work), then you<br>could...</p>\n<p id='32' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Can I skip 8th grade over the summer? \| Yahoo Answers</p>\n<br><p id='33' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Summer 9th Grade Showing top 8 worksheets in the category - Summer 9th Grade . Some of the<br>worksheets displayed are 8th to 9th grade summer math packet operations with, Dear wccs<br>students, Woodson high school 9th grade summer grammar packet 2017, 8th grade algebra<br>summer packet, Cranford public schools summer math practice students, Summer bridge to 9th<br>grade, Ninth grade counts, Dear wccs ...</p>\n<p id='34' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Summer 9th Grade Worksheets - Teacher Worksheets</p>\n<br><p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>the summer months between 8th and 9th grades is important to the success of the program.<br>Teachers have also shown a commitment to continue the relationships and support throughout 9th<br>grade. Finally, teachers in the middle school and high school have developed hand-off\u201d that<br>demonstrates to studentsthatteachers at both school</p>\n<p id='36' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Summer Bridge Programs 8th to 9th Grade - Oregon</p>\n<br><p id='37' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>9th Grade Summer Reading Books Showing 1-50 of 65 We Were Liars (Kindle Edition) by. E.<br>Lockhart (Goodreads Author) (shelved 2 times as 9th-grade-summer-reading) avg rating 3.84 \u2014<br>477,019 ratings \u2014 published 2014 Want to Read ...</p>\n<p id='38' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>9th Grade Summer Reading Books - Goodreads</p>\n<br><p id='39' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>8th to 9th Grade Transition Transitioning from middle school to high school is a very exciting time<br>for our Round Rock ISD students! But this is also a time filled with lots of questions from both<br>students and families alike.</p>\n<p id='40' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>8th to 9th Grade Transition \| Future Readiness</p>\n<br><p id='41' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>9th Grade Summer Bridge Activities 8th 9th Grade This is likewise one of the factors by obtaining<br>the soft documents of this summer bridge activities 8th 9th grade by online. You might not require<br>more get older to spend to go to the ebook commencement as with ease as search for them. In</p>\n<p id='42' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:16px'>Summer Bridge Activities 8th 9th Grade</p>\n<br><footer id='43' style='font-size:14px'>Page 2/3</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1369077, "type": "text", "content": "interaction styles and studying habits, for instance, may become resistant to\nchange, suggesting that initial \nnegative school transition effects could persist for longer than a year or\ntwo. Yet research seldom follows \nstudents long enough to examine such a scenario, and scholars call for\nlengthier studies on this issue \n(Benner 2011).\n\n\nBased on theory and previous literature, we develop the following hypotheses.\n\n\nHypothesis 3: Friendship indegree will decline following normative school\ntransitions between \n8th and 9th grade.\n\n\nHypothesis 4: Individual\u2019s GPA will decline following normative school\ntransitions between 8th \nand 9th grade.\n\n\nHypothesis 5: We expect that the effect of a transition that involves multiple\nfeeder schools \nmerging into one high school will be more negative than a transition from a\nsingle, lower- \nlevel school to one high school.\n\n\n# DATA AND METHODS\n\n\n# Sample\n\n\n \n\nFor our analysis, we consider data on 14,462 students who attended middle\nand/or high school within one \nof 28 small public school districts participating in the Promoting School-\nCommunity Partnerships to \nEnhance Resilience (PROSPER) study. Half of the school districts are located\nin Iowa and the other half \nare in Pennsylvania. Participating districts were required to have between\n1,300 and 5,200 students, 15% \nof whom must have been eligible for free or reduced lunch. All school\ndistricts were located in rural or \nsemi-rural communities with populations ranging from 7,000 to 45,000.\n\n\n \n\nData were collected for two cohorts: students entering the 6th grade in 2002\nand those entering in \n2003\\. Self-administered surveys were distributed to students during the fall\nand spring semesters of their \n6th grade year and during the spring semesters of their 7th through 12th grade\nyears, yielding eight waves\n\n\n12\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1720, "type": "text", "content": "# Accessing Illustrative Math Online\n\n\n# Go to: www.openupresources.org\n\n\nC lick on pull-down tab under the \u201cFor Families\u201d or \u201cFor Students\u201d to \nselect the appropriate grade level\n\n\n# I n the top bar, select the unit your student is working in:\n\n", "is_ground": true, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1672693, "type": "text", "content": "Orientation programs are designed to help students adjust to school at key\ntransi- \ntion points, such as entry or re-entry into school and the move from\nelementary \nto secondary school. Students who change schools, as well as students enrolled\nfor \nthe first time in schools operated by Ontario school boards, also need such\nprograms.\n\n\nThe goal of an exit program is to help students who leave secondary school on \nor before graduation to make a successful transition to the next stage of\ntheir lives. \nExit programs should include a review of the student\u2019s Individual Pathways\nPlan \nand information to support the student in reaching his or her future goals.\n\n\nRequirements for these programs are outlined in Choices Into Action: Guidance\nand \nCareer Education Program Policy for Ontario Elementary and Secondary Schools.\n\n\nSee also section 3.2.2 for policy relating to the transition from Grade 8 to\nGrade 9 for \nstudents deemed to be at risk of not graduating.\n\n\n2.5 Additional Programs and Program Considerations\n\n\n# 2.5.1 Combined Classes (Multigrade, Multitype)\n\n\n \n\nIn some schools, it may not be feasible to offer separate classes for every\ngrade \nin elementary schools, or all course grades and/or types in secondary schools.\nIn \nsuch cases, a single class may be organized to serve more than one group of\nstudents \nacross grades or course types. In such combined classes the expectations and\nthe \nassessment and evaluation procedures for each grade or type of course must be \nclearly outlined.\n\n\n2.5.2 Promotion from Grade 8 to Grade 9\n\n\n \n\nStudents who have successfully completed Grade 8 will be promoted from elemen- \ntary school and admitted to a secondary school.\n\n\nEducation Act, R.S.O. 1990, Chapter E.2, Part II, subsection 41 (1) \nwww.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_90e02_e.htm#BK46\n\n\n2.5.2.1 Reach -Ahead Opportunities for Elementary School Students\n\n\n \n\nUnder exceptional circumstances, an individual student in Grade 8, with\nparental \nconsent, may be given permission by the principal of a secondary school to\n\u201creach \nahead\u201d to take secondary school courses, either during the school year or in\nthe \nsummer prior to entering Grade 9.\n\n\nPar t One: elementa r y and Sec ondar y Sc hools 27\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 1369117, "type": "html", "content": "<p id='4' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>interaction styles and studying habits, for instance, may become resistant to change, suggesting that initial<br>negative school transition effects could persist for longer than a year or two. Yet research seldom follows<br>students long enough to examine such a scenario, and scholars call for lengthier studies on this issue<br>(Benner 2011).</p>\n<p id='5' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Based on theory and previous literature, we develop the following hypotheses.</p>\n<p id='6' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Hypothesis 3: Friendship indegree will decline following normative school transitions between<br>8th and 9th grade.</p>\n<p id='7' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:18px'>Hypothesis 4: Individual\u2019s GPA will decline following normative school transitions between 8th<br>and 9th grade.</p>\n<p id='8' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Hypothesis 5: We expect that the effect of a transition that involves multiple feeder schools<br>merging into one high school will be more negative than a transition from a single, lower-<br>level school to one high school.</p>\n<h1 id='9' style='font-size:14px'>DATA AND METHODS</h1>\n<h1 id='10' style='font-size:14px'>Sample</h1>\n<br><p id='11' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>For our analysis, we consider data on 14,462 students who attended middle and/or high school within one<br>of 28 small public school districts participating in the Promoting School-Community Partnerships to<br>Enhance Resilience (PROSPER) study. Half of the school districts are located in Iowa and the other half<br>are in Pennsylvania. Participating districts were required to have between 1,300 and 5,200 students, 15%<br>of whom must have been eligible for free or reduced lunch. All school districts were located in rural or<br>semi-rural communities with populations ranging from 7,000 to 45,000.</p>\n<br><p id='12' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>Data were collected for two cohorts: students entering the 6th grade in 2002 and those entering in<br>2003. Self-administered surveys were distributed to students during the fall and spring semesters of their<br>6th grade year and during the spring semesters of their 7th through 12th grade years, yielding eight waves</p>\n<footer id='13' style='font-size:18px'>12</footer>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 242091, "type": "text", "content": "# Bookmark File PDF 7th Grade Literacy Unit Planning Guide\n\n\n# Reading Comprehension ...\n\n\n5-Day Unit Plan for Introducing Nonfiction \| Scholastic\n\n\n \n\n6th Grade Math Unit Plans & Resources. 6th Advanced Math Idea Exchange ; 6th\nGrade Math Idea Exchange; 7th Grade Math Unit Plans & Resources. \n7th Advanced Math Idea Exchange ; 7th Grade Math Idea Exchange ; 8th Grade\nMath Unit Plans & Resources. Unit 1 The Real Number System; Unit 2 \nSolving Linear Equations; Unit 3 Functions; Unit 4 Systems of ...\n\n\nSecondary Curriculum / 7th Grade ELA- Unit Plans & Resources\n\n\n \n\nCreative Writing (Grade 4-5) Critical Literacy (Grade 4-7) First Nations\nPaddles (Grade 4-7) Indian Residential Schools (Grade 5) Personal & \nCommunity Wellness (Grade 5-7, UOP) Identity (Grade 6-7, UOP) Media Literacy\n(Grade 6, UOP) English Language Arts (Grade 10, Blended \nLearning Micro-Unit) *Modern Languages (Grade 10, Blended Learning ...\n\n\nUnit Plans \| NVSD44 New Curriculum\n\n\n \n\nUnit Plan: Financial Literacy. Math / Grade 4-7. ... Grade 7 level: calculate\nwhat percent of your earnings are going to each item/category in your \nbudget; Monitoring Progress. Formative Assessment throughout: During class\ndiscussions, small group discussions and one on one conversations.\n\n\nUnit Plan: Financial Literacy \u2013 Math \u2013 Grade 4-7 \| NVSD44 ...\n\n\n \n\nThe Time4Learning 7th grade scope and sequence and seventh grade lesson plans\npages can help you gain an understanding of what a 7th grade \ncurriculum should include. 7th Grade Curriculum Overview Seventh graders are\nexploring more independence in their schoolwork and are \ndiscovering new interests and gaining a better understanding of themselves.\n\n\n# 7th Grade Online Curriculum \| Time4Learning\n\n\n \n\nEach module in grades K-2 is comprised of two one-hour blocks of content-based\nliteracy (Module Lessons and K-2 Labs) and the third hour of \nstructured phonics (K-2 Reading Foundations Skills Block). Together, these\nthree hours of curriculum teach and formally assess all strands of the \nLanguage Arts standards for each grade level.\n\n\n# Copyright code: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.\n\n\nCopyright : qplibrerie.it\n\n\n \nPage 3/3\n\n", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}, {"docid": 2441059, "type": "html", "content": "<h1 id='31' style='font-size:20px'>Next Steps School<br>Middle</h1>\n<br><h1 id='32' style='font-size:16px'>Sample Schedule - (Grade 7)</h1>\n<br><p id='33' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u25cf June 25 - Reach out to families who submitted enrollment<br>request for the virtual program and begin the hiring process</p>\n<p id='34' data-category='list' style='font-size:14px'>\u25cf By Mid-July - Contact participating elementary and grade 6<br>families to finalize course schedules and review student<br>supports</p>\n<p id='35' data-category='paragraph' style='font-size:14px'>\u25cf Mid- to late-August - students and families will engage in<br>orientation activities for the virtual program</p>", "is_ground": false, "citation_idx": null}]	In situations where a student transitions from Grade 7 to Grade 8 in the middle of the school year, what steps would ensure they access the correct unit resources?	I can not answer because the question is "unanswerable" with the documents.	[]	{"id": 412, "language": "en", "difficulty_type": "SimpleQA", "reasoning_type": ["temporal reasoning"]}

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