Datasets:
vgainullin
/
xciting_data

Dataset card Data Studio Files
xet
 Community
1
paragraph_index
int64
sec
string
p_has_citation
int64
cites
string
citeids
list
pmid
int64
cited_id
string
sentences
string
all_sent_cites
list
sent_len
int64
sentence_batch_index
int64
sent_has_citation
float64
qc_fail
bool
cited_sentence
string
cites_in_sentence
list
cln_sentence
string
is_cap
bool
is_alpha
bool
ends_wp
bool
cit_qc
bool
lgtm
bool
__index_level_0__
int64
3
DISCUSSION
1
38
[ "B38", "B62", "B63" ]
17,355,988
pmid-1918087|pmid-7768938|pmid-1918087|pmid-8702819|pmid-7768940|pmid-12620221|pmid-14630952|pmid-14630952|pmid-12620221|pmid-16959568|pmid-16959569
Taken together, these data suggest that a helix–loop–helix structure is induced on interaction with α, with the extended helix 6 serving as a scaffold that links the globular domain of τC14 and α.
[ "38", "62", "63" ]
196
3,400
0
false
Taken together, these data suggest that a helix–loop–helix structure is induced on interaction with α, with the extended helix 6 serving as a scaffold that links the globular domain of τC14 and α.
[]
Taken together, these data suggest that a helix–loop–helix structure is induced on interaction with α, with the extended helix 6 serving as a scaffold that links the globular domain of τC14 and α.
true
true
true
true
true
582
3
DISCUSSION
1
38
[ "B38", "B62", "B63" ]
17,355,988
pmid-1918087|pmid-7768938|pmid-1918087|pmid-8702819|pmid-7768940|pmid-12620221|pmid-14630952|pmid-14630952|pmid-12620221|pmid-16959568|pmid-16959569
Whether the globular domain itself establishes contacts with α in either of the two proposed α–τ binding modes (38) remains to be shown.
[ "38", "62", "63" ]
136
3,401
1
false
Whether the globular domain itself establishes contacts with α in either of the two proposed α–τ binding modes remains to be shown.
[ "38" ]
Whether the globular domain itself establishes contacts with α in either of the two proposed α–τ binding modes remains to be shown.
true
true
true
true
true
582
3
DISCUSSION
1
38
[ "B38", "B62", "B63" ]
17,355,988
pmid-1918087|pmid-7768938|pmid-1918087|pmid-8702819|pmid-7768940|pmid-12620221|pmid-14630952|pmid-14630952|pmid-12620221|pmid-16959568|pmid-16959569
NMR studies of the interaction of τC16Δ11 with α yielded a dissociation constant of ∼0.9 mM (61), indicating that additional binding residues are located within the structured portion near the end of helix 6.
[ "38", "62", "63" ]
208
3,402
0
false
NMR studies of the interaction of τC16Δ11 with α yielded a dissociation constant of ∼0.9 mM (61), indicating that additional binding residues are located within the structured portion near the end of helix 6.
[]
NMR studies of the interaction of τC16Δ11 with α yielded a dissociation constant of ∼0.9 mM (61), indicating that additional binding residues are located within the structured portion near the end of helix 6.
true
true
true
true
true
582
3
DISCUSSION
1
38
[ "B38", "B62", "B63" ]
17,355,988
pmid-1918087|pmid-7768938|pmid-1918087|pmid-8702819|pmid-7768940|pmid-12620221|pmid-14630952|pmid-14630952|pmid-12620221|pmid-16959568|pmid-16959569
Two structures of α, from different bacteria, have recently been reported (62,63).
[ "38", "62", "63" ]
82
3,403
0
false
Two structures of α, from different bacteria, have recently been reported.
[ "62,63" ]
Two structures of α, from different bacteria, have recently been reported.
true
true
true
true
true
582
3
DISCUSSION
1
38
[ "B38", "B62", "B63" ]
17,355,988
pmid-1918087|pmid-7768938|pmid-1918087|pmid-8702819|pmid-7768940|pmid-12620221|pmid-14630952|pmid-14630952|pmid-12620221|pmid-16959568|pmid-16959569
Since τC16 is expected to be bound close to the C-terminus of α due to its close proximity to the β2 sliding clamp that binds in this region, one could speculate that the incipient additional helix 7 binds in a C-terminal cleft in α.
[ "38", "62", "63" ]
233
3,404
0
false
Since τC16 is expected to be bound close to the C-terminus of α due to its close proximity to the β2 sliding clamp that binds in this region, one could speculate that the incipient additional helix 7 binds in a C-terminal cleft in α.
[]
Since τC16 is expected to be bound close to the C-terminus of α due to its close proximity to the β2 sliding clamp that binds in this region, one could speculate that the incipient additional helix 7 binds in a C-terminal cleft in α.
true
true
true
true
true
582
4
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,355,988
pmid-11078743|pmid-12620221|pmid-10748120|pmid-12620221|pmid-14630952|pmid-11078744|pmid-11078743|NA|NA|pmid-16505960|NA|pmid-8744573
Of the remaining mutants examined, the D636G change had a modest effect on α binding (ΔΔG° = 1.9 kcal/mol) while F631I resulted in a much weaker interaction (3.8 kcal/mol).
null
172
3,405
0
false
null
null
Of the remaining mutants examined, the D636G change had a modest effect on α binding (ΔΔG° = 1.9 kcal/mol) while F631I resulted in a much weaker interaction (3.8 kcal/mol).
true
true
true
true
true
583
4
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
17,355,988
pmid-11078743|pmid-12620221|pmid-10748120|pmid-12620221|pmid-14630952|pmid-11078744|pmid-11078743|NA|NA|pmid-16505960|NA|pmid-8744573
Consistent with these data, Asp636 is not highly conserved while Phe631 is, and since isoleucine is a helix-breaking residue, the F631I mutation would be expected to disrupt the proposed helical structure in this region.
null
220
3,406
0
false
null
null
Consistent with these data, Asp636 is not highly conserved while Phe631 is, and since isoleucine is a helix-breaking residue, the F631I mutation would be expected to disrupt the proposed helical structure in this region.
true
true
true
true
true
583
5
DISCUSSION
1
40
[ "B40", "B43" ]
17,355,988
NA|NA|pmid-16505960|NA|pmid-8744573|pmid-11078743|NA
Study of the single point mutants (Table 1) revealed that no single amino acid change is sufficient to completely disrupt the α–τ interaction, presumably because the interactions at the interface involve a series of residues located in an otherwise flexible segment of τ.
[ "40", "43" ]
271
3,407
0
false
Study of the single point mutants (Table 1) revealed that no single amino acid change is sufficient to completely disrupt the α–τ interaction, presumably because the interactions at the interface involve a series of residues located in an otherwise flexible segment of τ.
[]
Study of the single point mutants (Table 1) revealed that no single amino acid change is sufficient to completely disrupt the α–τ interaction, presumably because the interactions at the interface involve a series of residues located in an otherwise flexible segment of τ.
true
true
true
true
true
584
5
DISCUSSION
1
40
[ "B40", "B43" ]
17,355,988
NA|NA|pmid-16505960|NA|pmid-8744573|pmid-11078743|NA
Finally, we note that although no single point mutation was identified in the last seven amino acids of τC16, complete removal of this segment (in τC16Δ7; Figure 1B) had a large effect of binding of α (ΔΔG° = 6.3 kcal/mol).
[ "40", "43" ]
223
3,408
0
false
Finally, we note that although no single point mutation was identified in the last seven amino acids of τC16, complete removal of this segment (in τC16Δ7; Figure 1B) had a large effect of binding of α (ΔΔG° = 6.3 kcal/mol).
[]
Finally, we note that although no single point mutation was identified in the last seven amino acids of τC16, complete removal of this segment (in τC16Δ7; Figure 1B) had a large effect of binding of α (ΔΔG° = 6.3 kcal/mol).
true
true
true
true
true
584
5
DISCUSSION
1
40
[ "B40", "B43" ]
17,355,988
NA|NA|pmid-16505960|NA|pmid-8744573|pmid-11078743|NA
There must therefore be further contacts with this region in the complex with α.
[ "40", "43" ]
80
3,409
0
false
There must therefore be further contacts with this region in the complex with α.
[]
There must therefore be further contacts with this region in the complex with α.
true
true
true
true
true
584
5
DISCUSSION
1
40
[ "B40", "B43" ]
17,355,988
NA|NA|pmid-16505960|NA|pmid-8744573|pmid-11078743|NA
Indeed, extension of this region in full-length τ by fusion of a biotin-tag sequence also disrupts the interaction (40).
[ "40", "43" ]
120
3,410
1
false
Indeed, extension of this region in full-length τ by fusion of a biotin-tag sequence also disrupts the interaction.
[ "40" ]
Indeed, extension of this region in full-length τ by fusion of a biotin-tag sequence also disrupts the interaction.
true
true
true
true
true
584
5
DISCUSSION
1
43
[ "B40", "B43" ]
17,355,988
NA|NA|pmid-16505960|NA|pmid-8744573|pmid-11078743|NA
NMR studies (43) similarly suggest that all determinants in τC16 required for binding to α likely reside towards the end of helix 6 and in the following unstructured 26-residue segment that we propose to become structured on α binding.
[ "40", "43" ]
235
3,411
1
false
NMR studies similarly suggest that all determinants in τC16 required for binding to α likely reside towards the end of helix 6 and in the following unstructured 26-residue segment that we propose to become structured on α binding.
[ "43" ]
NMR studies similarly suggest that all determinants in τC16 required for binding to α likely reside towards the end of helix 6 and in the following unstructured 26-residue segment that we propose to become structured on α binding.
true
true
true
true
true
584
6
DISCUSSION
1
4–7
[ "B4 B5 B6 B7" ]
17,355,988
NA|NA|pmid-16505960|pmid-16036556|pmid-15952889|pmid-16421093|pmid-16857582
The DnaB helicase interacts with Domain IV of τ, a region that immediately precedes helix 1 in the structure of τC14 (Figure 1) and an α subunit interacts with the extension of helix 6 of the τC14 domain in each of the two τ subunits in the clamp loader complex in the replisome (4–7).
[ "4–7" ]
285
3,412
1
false
The DnaB helicase interacts with Domain IV of τ, a region that immediately precedes helix 1 in the structure of τC14 (Figure 1) and an α subunit interacts with the extension of helix 6 of the τC14 domain in each of the two τ subunits in the clamp loader complex in the replisome.
[ "4–7" ]
The DnaB helicase interacts with Domain IV of τ, a region that immediately precedes helix 1 in the structure of τC14 (Figure 1) and an α subunit interacts with the extension of helix 6 of the τC14 domain in each of the two τ subunits in the clamp loader complex in the replisome.
true
true
true
true
true
585
6
DISCUSSION
1
4–7
[ "B4 B5 B6 B7" ]
17,355,988
NA|NA|pmid-16505960|pmid-16036556|pmid-15952889|pmid-16421093|pmid-16857582
This places restraints on the α–DnaB and α–α distances that need to be considered once there is sufficient information to build models of the structure of the replisome in its various functional states.
[ "4–7" ]
202
3,413
0
false
This places restraints on the α–DnaB and α–α distances that need to be considered once there is sufficient information to build models of the structure of the replisome in its various functional states.
[]
This places restraints on the α–DnaB and α–α distances that need to be considered once there is sufficient information to build models of the structure of the replisome in its various functional states.
true
true
true
true
true
585
7
DISCUSSION
1
6
[ "B6", "B7", "B38", "B39", "B40", "B43" ]
17,355,988
pmid-16505960|pmid-16421093|pmid-16857582|pmid-12620221|pmid-14630952|pmid-11078743|NA
The DNA-binding properties of τC24 place further structural restraints.
[ "6", "7", "38", "39", "40", "43" ]
71
3,414
0
false
The DNA-binding properties of τC24 place further structural restraints.
[]
The DNA-binding properties of τC24 place further structural restraints.
true
true
true
true
true
586
7
DISCUSSION
1
6
[ "B6", "B7", "B38", "B39", "B40", "B43" ]
17,355,988
pmid-16505960|pmid-16421093|pmid-16857582|pmid-12620221|pmid-14630952|pmid-11078743|NA
The τ subunit is known to house a DNA-sensing function that leads to active detachment of α from the β2 clamp when the last nucleotide of an Okazaki fragment on the lagging strand is incorporated, resulting in the processivity switch (6,7,38).
[ "6", "7", "38", "39", "40", "43" ]
243
3,415
0
false
The τ subunit is known to house a DNA-sensing function that leads to active detachment of α from the β2 clamp when the last nucleotide of an Okazaki fragment on the lagging strand is incorporated, resulting in the processivity switch.
[ "6,7,38" ]
The τ subunit is known to house a DNA-sensing function that leads to active detachment of α from the β2 clamp when the last nucleotide of an Okazaki fragment on the lagging strand is incorporated, resulting in the processivity switch.
true
true
true
true
true
586
7
DISCUSSION
1
6
[ "B6", "B7", "B38", "B39", "B40", "B43" ]
17,355,988
pmid-16505960|pmid-16421093|pmid-16857582|pmid-12620221|pmid-14630952|pmid-11078743|NA
Further, it was shown that Domain IVa +
[ "6", "7", "38", "39", "40", "43" ]
39
3,416
0
false
Further, it was shown that Domain IVa +
[]
Further, it was shown that Domain IVa +
true
true
false
true
false
586
7
DISCUSSION
1
39
[ "B6", "B7", "B38", "B39", "B40", "B43" ]
17,355,988
pmid-16505960|pmid-16421093|pmid-16857582|pmid-12620221|pmid-14630952|pmid-11078743|NA
V of τ (τC24) senses a primed template structure, resulting in lowering of its affinity for the C-terminal region of α (39).
[ "6", "7", "38", "39", "40", "43" ]
124
3,417
1
false
V of τ (τC24) senses a primed template structure, resulting in lowering of its affinity for the C-terminal region of α.
[ "39" ]
V of τ (τC24) senses a primed template structure, resulting in lowering of its affinity for the C-terminal region of α.
true
true
true
true
true
586
7
DISCUSSION
1
6
[ "B6", "B7", "B38", "B39", "B40", "B43" ]
17,355,988
pmid-16505960|pmid-16421093|pmid-16857582|pmid-12620221|pmid-14630952|pmid-11078743|NA
Although we have shown that the highly basic Domain IVa region of τC24 interacts with DNA, we have been unable to confirm under our experimental conditions that it binds primer-template DNA with high affinity or significant specificity.
[ "6", "7", "38", "39", "40", "43" ]
236
3,418
0
false
Although we have shown that the highly basic Domain IVa region of τC24 interacts with DNA, we have been unable to confirm under our experimental conditions that it binds primer-template DNA with high affinity or significant specificity.
[]
Although we have shown that the highly basic Domain IVa region of τC24 interacts with DNA, we have been unable to confirm under our experimental conditions that it binds primer-template DNA with high affinity or significant specificity.
true
true
true
true
true
586
7
DISCUSSION
1
40
[ "B6", "B7", "B38", "B39", "B40", "B43" ]
17,355,988
pmid-16505960|pmid-16421093|pmid-16857582|pmid-12620221|pmid-14630952|pmid-11078743|NA
Domain IV has previously been shown not to contribute directly to α binding (40).
[ "6", "7", "38", "39", "40", "43" ]
81
3,419
1
false
Domain IV has previously been shown not to contribute directly to α binding.
[ "40" ]
Domain IV has previously been shown not to contribute directly to α binding.
true
true
true
true
true
586
7
DISCUSSION
1
43
[ "B6", "B7", "B38", "B39", "B40", "B43" ]
17,355,988
pmid-16505960|pmid-16421093|pmid-16857582|pmid-12620221|pmid-14630952|pmid-11078743|NA
Considering the close proximity of the N- and C-terminal helices in the globular fold of Domain V (43), the DNA-binding Domain IV may readily interact with the α-binding site of τ to regulate the α–β2 interaction when Domain IV senses changes in DNA structure.
[ "6", "7", "38", "39", "40", "43" ]
260
3,420
1
false
Considering the close proximity of the N- and C-terminal helices in the globular fold of Domain V, the DNA-binding Domain IV may readily interact with the α-binding site of τ to regulate the α–β2 interaction when Domain IV senses changes in DNA structure.
[ "43" ]
Considering the close proximity of the N- and C-terminal helices in the globular fold of Domain V, the DNA-binding Domain IV may readily interact with the α-binding site of τ to regulate the α–β2 interaction when Domain IV senses changes in DNA structure.
true
true
true
true
true
586
7
DISCUSSION
1
6
[ "B6", "B7", "B38", "B39", "B40", "B43" ]
17,355,988
pmid-16505960|pmid-16421093|pmid-16857582|pmid-12620221|pmid-14630952|pmid-11078743|NA
Possibly, the affinity with the lagging strand is enhanced through interaction between Domains IV and/or V in neighboring τ subunits in the clamp loader complex.
[ "6", "7", "38", "39", "40", "43" ]
161
3,421
0
false
Possibly, the affinity with the lagging strand is enhanced through interaction between Domains IV and/or V in neighboring τ subunits in the clamp loader complex.
[]
Possibly, the affinity with the lagging strand is enhanced through interaction between Domains IV and/or V in neighboring τ subunits in the clamp loader complex.
true
true
true
true
true
586
7
DISCUSSION
1
6
[ "B6", "B7", "B38", "B39", "B40", "B43" ]
17,355,988
pmid-16505960|pmid-16421093|pmid-16857582|pmid-12620221|pmid-14630952|pmid-11078743|NA
This would place rather severe geometric constraints on the positions of the two Pol III cores and DnaB in the replisome.
[ "6", "7", "38", "39", "40", "43" ]
121
3,422
0
false
This would place rather severe geometric constraints on the positions of the two Pol III cores and DnaB in the replisome.
[]
This would place rather severe geometric constraints on the positions of the two Pol III cores and DnaB in the replisome.
true
true
true
true
true
586
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "b1", "b2", "b3", "b4", "b6", "b7", "b8", "b9", "b12", "b13", "b14", "b15", "b16", "b17", "b18", "b20", "b21", "b22" ]
17,135,188
pmid-12120257|pmid-15952901|pmid-12359866|pmid-14564000|NA|pmid-12654261|pmid-15578064|pmid-15272050|pmid-16839274|pmid-15538359|pmid-16565705|pmid-2849509|pmid-2849510|pmid-1777485|pmid-8290579|pmid-10664605|pmid-15485768|pmid-16254940|pmid-9207018|pmid-15196012|pmid-15196012
Today there is a fast growing number of nucleic acid-based strategies to modulate a vast variety of cellular functions
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "7", "8", "9", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "20", "21", "22" ]
118
3,423
0
false
Today there is a fast growing number of nucleic acid-based strategies to modulate a vast variety of cellular functions
[]
Today there is a fast growing number of nucleic acid-based strategies to modulate a vast variety of cellular functions
true
true
false
true
false
587
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "b1", "b2", "b3", "b4", "b6", "b7", "b8", "b9", "b12", "b13", "b14", "b15", "b16", "b17", "b18", "b20", "b21", "b22" ]
17,135,188
pmid-12120257|pmid-15952901|pmid-12359866|pmid-14564000|NA|pmid-12654261|pmid-15578064|pmid-15272050|pmid-16839274|pmid-15538359|pmid-16565705|pmid-2849509|pmid-2849510|pmid-1777485|pmid-8290579|pmid-10664605|pmid-15485768|pmid-16254940|pmid-9207018|pmid-15196012|pmid-15196012
[for a review see: (1)].
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "7", "8", "9", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "20", "21", "22" ]
24
3,424
0
false
.
[ "for a review see: (1)" ]
.
false
false
true
true
false
587
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "b1", "b2", "b3", "b4", "b6", "b7", "b8", "b9", "b12", "b13", "b14", "b15", "b16", "b17", "b18", "b20", "b21", "b22" ]
17,135,188
pmid-12120257|pmid-15952901|pmid-12359866|pmid-14564000|NA|pmid-12654261|pmid-15578064|pmid-15272050|pmid-16839274|pmid-15538359|pmid-16565705|pmid-2849509|pmid-2849510|pmid-1777485|pmid-8290579|pmid-10664605|pmid-15485768|pmid-16254940|pmid-9207018|pmid-15196012|pmid-15196012
Several classes of oligonucleotides like aptamers, transcription factor-binding decoy oligonucleotides, ribozymes, triplex-forming oligonucleotides, immunostimulatory CpG motifs, antisense oligonucleotides (including peptide nucleic acids), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs have attained much interest as a ...
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "7", "8", "9", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "20", "21", "22" ]
380
3,425
0
false
Several classes of oligonucleotides like aptamers, transcription factor-binding decoy oligonucleotides, ribozymes, triplex-forming oligonucleotides, immunostimulatory CpG motifs, antisense oligonucleotides (including peptide nucleic acids), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs have attained much interest as a ...
[]
Several classes of oligonucleotides like aptamers, transcription factor-binding decoy oligonucleotides, ribozymes, triplex-forming oligonucleotides, immunostimulatory CpG motifs, antisense oligonucleotides (including peptide nucleic acids), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs have attained much interest as a ...
true
true
true
true
true
587
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "b1", "b2", "b3", "b4", "b6", "b7", "b8", "b9", "b12", "b13", "b14", "b15", "b16", "b17", "b18", "b20", "b21", "b22" ]
17,135,188
pmid-12120257|pmid-15952901|pmid-12359866|pmid-14564000|NA|pmid-12654261|pmid-15578064|pmid-15272050|pmid-16839274|pmid-15538359|pmid-16565705|pmid-2849509|pmid-2849510|pmid-1777485|pmid-8290579|pmid-10664605|pmid-15485768|pmid-16254940|pmid-9207018|pmid-15196012|pmid-15196012
Even more important, these oligomeric nucleic acids do have a considerable potential to be used as therapeutics.
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "7", "8", "9", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "20", "21", "22" ]
112
3,426
0
false
Even more important, these oligomeric nucleic acids do have a considerable potential to be used as therapeutics.
[]
Even more important, these oligomeric nucleic acids do have a considerable potential to be used as therapeutics.
true
true
true
true
true
587
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "b1", "b2", "b3", "b4", "b6", "b7", "b8", "b9", "b12", "b13", "b14", "b15", "b16", "b17", "b18", "b20", "b21", "b22" ]
17,135,188
pmid-12120257|pmid-15952901|pmid-12359866|pmid-14564000|NA|pmid-12654261|pmid-15578064|pmid-15272050|pmid-16839274|pmid-15538359|pmid-16565705|pmid-2849509|pmid-2849510|pmid-1777485|pmid-8290579|pmid-10664605|pmid-15485768|pmid-16254940|pmid-9207018|pmid-15196012|pmid-15196012
However, the bottleneck of any nucleic acid-based strategy remains the cellular delivery of these macromolecules.
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "7", "8", "9", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "20", "21", "22" ]
113
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false
However, the bottleneck of any nucleic acid-based strategy remains the cellular delivery of these macromolecules.
[]
However, the bottleneck of any nucleic acid-based strategy remains the cellular delivery of these macromolecules.
true
true
true
true
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587
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INTRODUCTION
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Essentially, the nucleic acid delivery techniques available today comprise various physical and chemical methods, viral and non-viral vector systems, and uptake of naked nucleic acids.
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184
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Essentially, the nucleic acid delivery techniques available today comprise various physical and chemical methods, viral and non-viral vector systems, and uptake of naked nucleic acids.
[]
Essentially, the nucleic acid delivery techniques available today comprise various physical and chemical methods, viral and non-viral vector systems, and uptake of naked nucleic acids.
true
true
true
true
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587
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INTRODUCTION
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17,135,188
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They all have certain advantages and disadvantages and might only be appropriate if particular requirements are fulfilled.
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "7", "8", "9", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "20", "21", "22" ]
122
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They all have certain advantages and disadvantages and might only be appropriate if particular requirements are fulfilled.
[]
They all have certain advantages and disadvantages and might only be appropriate if particular requirements are fulfilled.
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INTRODUCTION
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17,135,188
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In general, physical and chemical methods like microinjection, electroporation or particle bombardment as well as calcium phosphate co-precipitation are highly efficient but rather harmful for the target cells and lack the potential to be applicable in vivo.
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "7", "8", "9", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "20", "21", "22" ]
258
3,430
0
false
In general, physical and chemical methods like microinjection, electroporation or particle bombardment as well as calcium phosphate co-precipitation are highly efficient but rather harmful for the target cells and lack the potential to be applicable in vivo.
[]
In general, physical and chemical methods like microinjection, electroporation or particle bombardment as well as calcium phosphate co-precipitation are highly efficient but rather harmful for the target cells and lack the potential to be applicable in vivo.
true
true
true
true
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587
0
INTRODUCTION
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17,135,188
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There is general consent that viral vector systems are the most efficient vehicles to deliver nucleic acids into cells.
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "7", "8", "9", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "20", "21", "22" ]
119
3,431
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false
There is general consent that viral vector systems are the most efficient vehicles to deliver nucleic acids into cells.
[]
There is general consent that viral vector systems are the most efficient vehicles to deliver nucleic acids into cells.
true
true
true
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587
0
INTRODUCTION
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1
[ "b1", "b2", "b3", "b4", "b6", "b7", "b8", "b9", "b12", "b13", "b14", "b15", "b16", "b17", "b18", "b20", "b21", "b22" ]
17,135,188
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However, despite substantial efforts over the last 15 years, up to now research has failed to develop suitable and especially safe viral systems [for a review see: (2,3)].
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "7", "8", "9", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "20", "21", "22" ]
171
3,432
0
false
However, despite substantial efforts over the last 15 years, up to now research has failed to develop suitable and especially safe viral systems.
[ "for a review see: (2,3)" ]
However, despite substantial efforts over the last 15 years, up to now research has failed to develop suitable and especially safe viral systems.
true
true
true
true
true
587
0
INTRODUCTION
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1
[ "b1", "b2", "b3", "b4", "b6", "b7", "b8", "b9", "b12", "b13", "b14", "b15", "b16", "b17", "b18", "b20", "b21", "b22" ]
17,135,188
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On the contrary, the field has experienced several setbacks causing important clinical trials to be put on hold (4–6).
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "7", "8", "9", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "20", "21", "22" ]
118
3,433
0
false
On the contrary, the field has experienced several setbacks causing important clinical trials to be put on hold.
[ "4–6" ]
On the contrary, the field has experienced several setbacks causing important clinical trials to be put on hold.
true
true
true
true
true
587
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "b1", "b2", "b3", "b4", "b6", "b7", "b8", "b9", "b12", "b13", "b14", "b15", "b16", "b17", "b18", "b20", "b21", "b22" ]
17,135,188
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As a result of the difficulties encountered with these viral vectors (e.g.
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "7", "8", "9", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "20", "21", "22" ]
74
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As a result of the difficulties encountered with these viral vectors (e.g.
[]
As a result of the difficulties encountered with these viral vectors (e.g.
true
true
true
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587
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "b1", "b2", "b3", "b4", "b6", "b7", "b8", "b9", "b12", "b13", "b14", "b15", "b16", "b17", "b18", "b20", "b21", "b22" ]
17,135,188
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mutagenesis and immune responses) much attention was paid to the development of allegedly safer non-viral delivery systems.
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "7", "8", "9", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "20", "21", "22" ]
123
3,435
0
false
mutagenesis and immune responses) much attention was paid to the development of allegedly safer non-viral delivery systems.
[]
mutagenesis and immune responses) much attention was paid to the development of allegedly safer non-viral delivery systems.
false
true
true
true
false
587
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
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17,135,188
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This conception includes an assortment of fairly unrelated approaches yielding various degrees of enhanced cellular uptake of nucleic acids.
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "7", "8", "9", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "20", "21", "22" ]
140
3,436
0
false
This conception includes an assortment of fairly unrelated approaches yielding various degrees of enhanced cellular uptake of nucleic acids.
[]
This conception includes an assortment of fairly unrelated approaches yielding various degrees of enhanced cellular uptake of nucleic acids.
true
true
true
true
true
587
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
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17,135,188
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Currently, cationic lipids and polymers are used as a standard tool to transfect cells in vitro.
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "7", "8", "9", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "20", "21", "22" ]
96
3,437
0
false
Currently, cationic lipids and polymers are used as a standard tool to transfect cells in vitro.
[]
Currently, cationic lipids and polymers are used as a standard tool to transfect cells in vitro.
true
true
true
true
true
587
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
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17,135,188
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However, these approaches are commonly characterised by a significant lack of efficiency accompanied by a high level of toxicity and thus rendering them mostly inadequate for in vivo applications.
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "7", "8", "9", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "20", "21", "22" ]
196
3,438
0
false
However, these approaches are commonly characterised by a significant lack of efficiency accompanied by a high level of toxicity and thus rendering them mostly inadequate for in vivo applications.
[]
However, these approaches are commonly characterised by a significant lack of efficiency accompanied by a high level of toxicity and thus rendering them mostly inadequate for in vivo applications.
true
true
true
true
true
587
0
INTRODUCTION
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1
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17,135,188
pmid-12120257|pmid-15952901|pmid-12359866|pmid-14564000|NA|pmid-12654261|pmid-15578064|pmid-15272050|pmid-16839274|pmid-15538359|pmid-16565705|pmid-2849509|pmid-2849510|pmid-1777485|pmid-8290579|pmid-10664605|pmid-15485768|pmid-16254940|pmid-9207018|pmid-15196012|pmid-15196012
Nonetheless, there are a few studies reporting a successful delivery of siRNA in vivo applying cationic liposomes (7,8), atelocollagen- or PEI-complexed siRNAs (9–12) as well as cholesterol-conjugated siRNAs (13,14).
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "7", "8", "9", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "20", "21", "22" ]
216
3,439
0
false
Nonetheless, there are a few studies reporting a successful delivery of siRNA in vivo applying cationic liposomes, atelocollagen- or PEI-complexed siRNAs as well as cholesterol-conjugated siRNAs.
[ "7,8", "9–12", "13,14" ]
Nonetheless, there are a few studies reporting a successful delivery of siRNA in vivo applying cationic liposomes, atelocollagen- or PEI-complexed siRNAs as well as cholesterol-conjugated siRNAs.
true
true
true
true
true
587
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
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17,135,188
pmid-12120257|pmid-15952901|pmid-12359866|pmid-14564000|NA|pmid-12654261|pmid-15578064|pmid-15272050|pmid-16839274|pmid-15538359|pmid-16565705|pmid-2849509|pmid-2849510|pmid-1777485|pmid-8290579|pmid-10664605|pmid-15485768|pmid-16254940|pmid-9207018|pmid-15196012|pmid-15196012
Peptides, on the other hand, acting as shuttles for a controlled cellular delivery of nucleic acids, represent a new and innovative concept to bypass the problem of poor bio-availability of these macromolecules.
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "7", "8", "9", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "20", "21", "22" ]
211
3,440
0
false
Peptides, on the other hand, acting as shuttles for a controlled cellular delivery of nucleic acids, represent a new and innovative concept to bypass the problem of poor bio-availability of these macromolecules.
[]
Peptides, on the other hand, acting as shuttles for a controlled cellular delivery of nucleic acids, represent a new and innovative concept to bypass the problem of poor bio-availability of these macromolecules.
true
true
true
true
true
587
0
INTRODUCTION
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17,135,188
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The idea of using peptides as carriers goes back some 18 years, when two groups discovered by chance that the HIV-1 transactivating protein Tat is taken up by mammalian cells (15,16).
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "7", "8", "9", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "20", "21", "22" ]
183
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The idea of using peptides as carriers goes back some 18 years, when two groups discovered by chance that the HIV-1 transactivating protein Tat is taken up by mammalian cells.
[ "15,16" ]
The idea of using peptides as carriers goes back some 18 years, when two groups discovered by chance that the HIV-1 transactivating protein Tat is taken up by mammalian cells.
true
true
true
true
true
587
0
INTRODUCTION
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17,135,188
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Just a few years later, the Antennapedia homeodomain of Drosophila melanogaster was shown to act similarly (17).
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "7", "8", "9", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "20", "21", "22" ]
112
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Just a few years later, the Antennapedia homeodomain of Drosophila melanogaster was shown to act similarly.
[ "17" ]
Just a few years later, the Antennapedia homeodomain of Drosophila melanogaster was shown to act similarly.
true
true
true
true
true
587
0
INTRODUCTION
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17,135,188
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Further on, it could be shown that peptides derived from Tat and Antennapedia as well as other proteins are capable of transporting macromolecular cargo molecules into cells (18–20).
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "7", "8", "9", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "20", "21", "22" ]
182
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0
false
Further on, it could be shown that peptides derived from Tat and Antennapedia as well as other proteins are capable of transporting macromolecular cargo molecules into cells.
[ "18–20" ]
Further on, it could be shown that peptides derived from Tat and Antennapedia as well as other proteins are capable of transporting macromolecular cargo molecules into cells.
true
true
true
true
true
587
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INTRODUCTION
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17,135,188
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Based on such promising results, a rapidly expanding field focusing on the so-called cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) began to develop.
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "7", "8", "9", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "20", "21", "22" ]
135
3,444
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false
Based on such promising results, a rapidly expanding field focusing on the so-called cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) began to develop.
[]
Based on such promising results, a rapidly expanding field focusing on the so-called cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) began to develop.
true
true
true
true
true
587
0
INTRODUCTION
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17,135,188
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Up to now numerous additional peptides have been reported to show cell-penetrating properties and many of them have been used to successfully deliver a variety of macromolecular cargos into cells
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "7", "8", "9", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "20", "21", "22" ]
195
3,445
0
false
Up to now numerous additional peptides have been reported to show cell-penetrating properties and many of them have been used to successfully deliver a variety of macromolecular cargos into cells
[]
Up to now numerous additional peptides have been reported to show cell-penetrating properties and many of them have been used to successfully deliver a variety of macromolecular cargos into cells
true
true
false
true
false
587
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INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "b1", "b2", "b3", "b4", "b6", "b7", "b8", "b9", "b12", "b13", "b14", "b15", "b16", "b17", "b18", "b20", "b21", "b22" ]
17,135,188
pmid-12120257|pmid-15952901|pmid-12359866|pmid-14564000|NA|pmid-12654261|pmid-15578064|pmid-15272050|pmid-16839274|pmid-15538359|pmid-16565705|pmid-2849509|pmid-2849510|pmid-1777485|pmid-8290579|pmid-10664605|pmid-15485768|pmid-16254940|pmid-9207018|pmid-15196012|pmid-15196012
[for a review see: (21,22)].
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "6", "7", "8", "9", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "20", "21", "22" ]
28
3,446
0
false
.
[ "for a review see: (21,22)" ]
.
false
false
true
true
false
587
1
INTRODUCTION
1
23
[ "b23", "b24", "b26" ]
17,135,188
pmid-16305500|pmid-9207018|pmid-11024364|pmid-12888501|pmid-12054897|NA|pmid-15386618|pmid-15576677
For all the sequence diversity, CPPs share some common features beside their ability to cross biological membranes: (i) a high content of basic amino acids, and (ii) a length of 10–30 residues.
[ "23", "24", "26" ]
193
3,447
0
false
For all the sequence diversity, CPPs share some common features beside their ability to cross biological membranes: (i) a high content of basic amino acids, and (ii) a length of 10–30 residues.
[]
For all the sequence diversity, CPPs share some common features beside their ability to cross biological membranes: (i) a high content of basic amino acids, and (ii) a length of 10–30 residues.
true
true
true
true
true
588
1
INTRODUCTION
1
23
[ "b23", "b24", "b26" ]
17,135,188
pmid-16305500|pmid-9207018|pmid-11024364|pmid-12888501|pmid-12054897|NA|pmid-15386618|pmid-15576677
Two strategies are utilised for the attachment of cargo molecules.
[ "23", "24", "26" ]
66
3,448
0
false
Two strategies are utilised for the attachment of cargo molecules.
[]
Two strategies are utilised for the attachment of cargo molecules.
true
true
true
true
true
588
1
INTRODUCTION
1
23
[ "b23", "b24", "b26" ]
17,135,188
pmid-16305500|pmid-9207018|pmid-11024364|pmid-12888501|pmid-12054897|NA|pmid-15386618|pmid-15576677
By far the majority of studies include a covalent attachment of carrier and cargo
[ "23", "24", "26" ]
81
3,449
0
false
By far the majority of studies include a covalent attachment of carrier and cargo
[]
By far the majority of studies include a covalent attachment of carrier and cargo
true
true
false
true
false
588
1
INTRODUCTION
1
23
[ "b23", "b24", "b26" ]
17,135,188
pmid-16305500|pmid-9207018|pmid-11024364|pmid-12888501|pmid-12054897|NA|pmid-15386618|pmid-15576677
[for a review see: (23)].
[ "23", "24", "26" ]
25
3,450
0
false
.
[ "for a review see: (23)" ]
.
false
false
true
true
false
588
1
INTRODUCTION
1
23
[ "b23", "b24", "b26" ]
17,135,188
pmid-16305500|pmid-9207018|pmid-11024364|pmid-12888501|pmid-12054897|NA|pmid-15386618|pmid-15576677
This approach might be effective for a specific application (e.g.
[ "23", "24", "26" ]
65
3,451
0
false
This approach might be effective for a specific application (e.g.
[]
This approach might be effective for a specific application (e.g.
true
true
true
true
true
588
1
INTRODUCTION
1
23
[ "b23", "b24", "b26" ]
17,135,188
pmid-16305500|pmid-9207018|pmid-11024364|pmid-12888501|pmid-12054897|NA|pmid-15386618|pmid-15576677
a particular nucleic acid cargo), but it is fairly limited in terms of flexibility, as a new construct has to be generated for any given nucleic acid cargo.
[ "23", "24", "26" ]
156
3,452
0
false
a particular nucleic acid cargo), but it is fairly limited in terms of flexibility, as a new construct has to be generated for any given nucleic acid cargo.
[]
a particular nucleic acid cargo), but it is fairly limited in terms of flexibility, as a new construct has to be generated for any given nucleic acid cargo.
false
true
true
true
false
588
1
INTRODUCTION
1
23
[ "b23", "b24", "b26" ]
17,135,188
pmid-16305500|pmid-9207018|pmid-11024364|pmid-12888501|pmid-12054897|NA|pmid-15386618|pmid-15576677
Alternatively, the positive charges of certain amphipathic CPPs can be exploited to bind anionic cargo molecules like nucleic acids non-covalently via ionic interactions (24–26).
[ "23", "24", "26" ]
178
3,453
0
false
Alternatively, the positive charges of certain amphipathic CPPs can be exploited to bind anionic cargo molecules like nucleic acids non-covalently via ionic interactions.
[ "24–26" ]
Alternatively, the positive charges of certain amphipathic CPPs can be exploited to bind anionic cargo molecules like nucleic acids non-covalently via ionic interactions.
true
true
true
true
true
588
1
INTRODUCTION
1
23
[ "b23", "b24", "b26" ]
17,135,188
pmid-16305500|pmid-9207018|pmid-11024364|pmid-12888501|pmid-12054897|NA|pmid-15386618|pmid-15576677
Additional hydrophobic peptide/peptide interactions then drive the maturation of nanoparticles in a sandwich-like assembly reaction.
[ "23", "24", "26" ]
132
3,454
0
false
Additional hydrophobic peptide/peptide interactions then drive the maturation of nanoparticles in a sandwich-like assembly reaction.
[]
Additional hydrophobic peptide/peptide interactions then drive the maturation of nanoparticles in a sandwich-like assembly reaction.
true
true
true
true
true
588
1
INTRODUCTION
1
23
[ "b23", "b24", "b26" ]
17,135,188
pmid-16305500|pmid-9207018|pmid-11024364|pmid-12888501|pmid-12054897|NA|pmid-15386618|pmid-15576677
As a result, such a CPP can in principle be combined with any given oligonucleotide.
[ "23", "24", "26" ]
84
3,455
0
false
As a result, such a CPP can in principle be combined with any given oligonucleotide.
[]
As a result, such a CPP can in principle be combined with any given oligonucleotide.
true
true
true
true
true
588
2
INTRODUCTION
1
27
[ "b27", "b33", "b34", "b38", "b39", "b45", "b33", "b46", "b49", "b50", "b51", "b37", "b52", "b54", "b41", "b53", "b55", "b56" ]
17,135,188
pmid-9111037|pmid-15907190|pmid-12134943|pmid-16377019|pmid-12771197|pmid-16321967|pmid-15907190|pmid-9438412|pmid-16516138|pmid-12621426|pmid-15687999|pmid-15640444|pmid-15203910|pmid-15935328|pmid-15035618|pmid-15859953|pmid-11856307|pmid-15687490|pmid-12411431|pmid-15653149|pmid-3035599|pmid-11711547|pmid-15628847|p...
For many CPPs, the initial interaction with cells is supposed to be mediated by negatively charged glycosaminoglycan (GAG) receptors of the extracellular matrix, e.g.
[ "27", "33", "34", "38", "39", "45", "33", "46", "49", "50", "51", "37", "52", "54", "41", "53", "55", "56" ]
166
3,456
0
false
For many CPPs, the initial interaction with cells is supposed to be mediated by negatively charged glycosaminoglycan (GAG) receptors of the extracellular matrix, e.g.
[]
For many CPPs, the initial interaction with cells is supposed to be mediated by negatively charged glycosaminoglycan (GAG) receptors of the extracellular matrix, e.g.
true
true
true
true
true
589
2
INTRODUCTION
1
27
[ "b27", "b33", "b34", "b38", "b39", "b45", "b33", "b46", "b49", "b50", "b51", "b37", "b52", "b54", "b41", "b53", "b55", "b56" ]
17,135,188
pmid-9111037|pmid-15907190|pmid-12134943|pmid-16377019|pmid-12771197|pmid-16321967|pmid-15907190|pmid-9438412|pmid-16516138|pmid-12621426|pmid-15687999|pmid-15640444|pmid-15203910|pmid-15935328|pmid-15035618|pmid-15859953|pmid-11856307|pmid-15687490|pmid-12411431|pmid-15653149|pmid-3035599|pmid-11711547|pmid-15628847|p...
heparan sulphate proteoglycans (27–33).
[ "27", "33", "34", "38", "39", "45", "33", "46", "49", "50", "51", "37", "52", "54", "41", "53", "55", "56" ]
39
3,457
0
false
heparan sulphate proteoglycans.
[ "27–33" ]
heparan sulphate proteoglycans.
false
true
true
true
false
589
2
INTRODUCTION
1
27
[ "b27", "b33", "b34", "b38", "b39", "b45", "b33", "b46", "b49", "b50", "b51", "b37", "b52", "b54", "b41", "b53", "b55", "b56" ]
17,135,188
pmid-9111037|pmid-15907190|pmid-12134943|pmid-16377019|pmid-12771197|pmid-16321967|pmid-15907190|pmid-9438412|pmid-16516138|pmid-12621426|pmid-15687999|pmid-15640444|pmid-15203910|pmid-15935328|pmid-15035618|pmid-15859953|pmid-11856307|pmid-15687490|pmid-12411431|pmid-15653149|pmid-3035599|pmid-11711547|pmid-15628847|p...
However, the mechanisms underlying the cellular translocation of CPPs are poorly understood and subject to controversial discussions.
[ "27", "33", "34", "38", "39", "45", "33", "46", "49", "50", "51", "37", "52", "54", "41", "53", "55", "56" ]
133
3,458
0
false
However, the mechanisms underlying the cellular translocation of CPPs are poorly understood and subject to controversial discussions.
[]
However, the mechanisms underlying the cellular translocation of CPPs are poorly understood and subject to controversial discussions.
true
true
true
true
true
589
2
INTRODUCTION
1
27
[ "b27", "b33", "b34", "b38", "b39", "b45", "b33", "b46", "b49", "b50", "b51", "b37", "b52", "b54", "b41", "b53", "b55", "b56" ]
17,135,188
pmid-9111037|pmid-15907190|pmid-12134943|pmid-16377019|pmid-12771197|pmid-16321967|pmid-15907190|pmid-9438412|pmid-16516138|pmid-12621426|pmid-15687999|pmid-15640444|pmid-15203910|pmid-15935328|pmid-15035618|pmid-15859953|pmid-11856307|pmid-15687490|pmid-12411431|pmid-15653149|pmid-3035599|pmid-11711547|pmid-15628847|p...
Nonetheless, there is considerable evidence that for many CPPs endocytosis is a major route of internalisation (34–38).
[ "27", "33", "34", "38", "39", "45", "33", "46", "49", "50", "51", "37", "52", "54", "41", "53", "55", "56" ]
119
3,459
0
false
Nonetheless, there is considerable evidence that for many CPPs endocytosis is a major route of internalisation.
[ "34–38" ]
Nonetheless, there is considerable evidence that for many CPPs endocytosis is a major route of internalisation.
true
true
true
true
true
589
2
INTRODUCTION
1
27
[ "b27", "b33", "b34", "b38", "b39", "b45", "b33", "b46", "b49", "b50", "b51", "b37", "b52", "b54", "b41", "b53", "b55", "b56" ]
17,135,188
pmid-9111037|pmid-15907190|pmid-12134943|pmid-16377019|pmid-12771197|pmid-16321967|pmid-15907190|pmid-9438412|pmid-16516138|pmid-12621426|pmid-15687999|pmid-15640444|pmid-15203910|pmid-15935328|pmid-15035618|pmid-15859953|pmid-11856307|pmid-15687490|pmid-12411431|pmid-15653149|pmid-3035599|pmid-11711547|pmid-15628847|p...
On the other hand, there are examples in the literature proposing a direct penetration of the cell membrane independent of any endocytotic pathway (39–45), while others suggest both entry routes are used in parallel or under certain conditions (33,46–49).
[ "27", "33", "34", "38", "39", "45", "33", "46", "49", "50", "51", "37", "52", "54", "41", "53", "55", "56" ]
255
3,460
0
false
On the other hand, there are examples in the literature proposing a direct penetration of the cell membrane independent of any endocytotic pathway, while others suggest both entry routes are used in parallel or under certain conditions.
[ "39–45", "33,46–49" ]
On the other hand, there are examples in the literature proposing a direct penetration of the cell membrane independent of any endocytotic pathway, while others suggest both entry routes are used in parallel or under certain conditions.
true
true
true
true
true
589
2
INTRODUCTION
1
27
[ "b27", "b33", "b34", "b38", "b39", "b45", "b33", "b46", "b49", "b50", "b51", "b37", "b52", "b54", "b41", "b53", "b55", "b56" ]
17,135,188
pmid-9111037|pmid-15907190|pmid-12134943|pmid-16377019|pmid-12771197|pmid-16321967|pmid-15907190|pmid-9438412|pmid-16516138|pmid-12621426|pmid-15687999|pmid-15640444|pmid-15203910|pmid-15935328|pmid-15035618|pmid-15859953|pmid-11856307|pmid-15687490|pmid-12411431|pmid-15653149|pmid-3035599|pmid-11711547|pmid-15628847|p...
Furthermore, as at least four basic routes of endocytosis can be distinguished to date (50,51), it seems reasonable to speculate about multiple pathways involved in cellular entry of CPPs.
[ "27", "33", "34", "38", "39", "45", "33", "46", "49", "50", "51", "37", "52", "54", "41", "53", "55", "56" ]
188
3,461
0
false
Furthermore, as at least four basic routes of endocytosis can be distinguished to date, it seems reasonable to speculate about multiple pathways involved in cellular entry of CPPs.
[ "50,51" ]
Furthermore, as at least four basic routes of endocytosis can be distinguished to date, it seems reasonable to speculate about multiple pathways involved in cellular entry of CPPs.
true
true
true
true
true
589
2
INTRODUCTION
1
27
[ "b27", "b33", "b34", "b38", "b39", "b45", "b33", "b46", "b49", "b50", "b51", "b37", "b52", "b54", "b41", "b53", "b55", "b56" ]
17,135,188
pmid-9111037|pmid-15907190|pmid-12134943|pmid-16377019|pmid-12771197|pmid-16321967|pmid-15907190|pmid-9438412|pmid-16516138|pmid-12621426|pmid-15687999|pmid-15640444|pmid-15203910|pmid-15935328|pmid-15035618|pmid-15859953|pmid-11856307|pmid-15687490|pmid-12411431|pmid-15653149|pmid-3035599|pmid-11711547|pmid-15628847|p...
Then again, currently available data are based on studies using a variety of different cell lines and techniques, which renders a direct comparison of different approaches impossible (37,52–54).
[ "27", "33", "34", "38", "39", "45", "33", "46", "49", "50", "51", "37", "52", "54", "41", "53", "55", "56" ]
194
3,462
0
false
Then again, currently available data are based on studies using a variety of different cell lines and techniques, which renders a direct comparison of different approaches impossible.
[ "37,52–54" ]
Then again, currently available data are based on studies using a variety of different cell lines and techniques, which renders a direct comparison of different approaches impossible.
true
true
true
true
true
589
2
INTRODUCTION
1
27
[ "b27", "b33", "b34", "b38", "b39", "b45", "b33", "b46", "b49", "b50", "b51", "b37", "b52", "b54", "b41", "b53", "b55", "b56" ]
17,135,188
pmid-9111037|pmid-15907190|pmid-12134943|pmid-16377019|pmid-12771197|pmid-16321967|pmid-15907190|pmid-9438412|pmid-16516138|pmid-12621426|pmid-15687999|pmid-15640444|pmid-15203910|pmid-15935328|pmid-15035618|pmid-15859953|pmid-11856307|pmid-15687490|pmid-12411431|pmid-15653149|pmid-3035599|pmid-11711547|pmid-15628847|p...
It has been shown that even minor changes of the physical state of a CPP (e.g.
[ "27", "33", "34", "38", "39", "45", "33", "46", "49", "50", "51", "37", "52", "54", "41", "53", "55", "56" ]
78
3,463
0
false
It has been shown that even minor changes of the physical state of a CPP (e.g.
[]
It has been shown that even minor changes of the physical state of a CPP (e.g.
true
true
true
true
true
589
2
INTRODUCTION
1
27
[ "b27", "b33", "b34", "b38", "b39", "b45", "b33", "b46", "b49", "b50", "b51", "b37", "b52", "b54", "b41", "b53", "b55", "b56" ]
17,135,188
pmid-9111037|pmid-15907190|pmid-12134943|pmid-16377019|pmid-12771197|pmid-16321967|pmid-15907190|pmid-9438412|pmid-16516138|pmid-12621426|pmid-15687999|pmid-15640444|pmid-15203910|pmid-15935328|pmid-15035618|pmid-15859953|pmid-11856307|pmid-15687490|pmid-12411431|pmid-15653149|pmid-3035599|pmid-11711547|pmid-15628847|p...
exchange of certain amino acids) can alter translocation properties significantly (41,53).
[ "27", "33", "34", "38", "39", "45", "33", "46", "49", "50", "51", "37", "52", "54", "41", "53", "55", "56" ]
90
3,464
0
false
exchange of certain amino acids) can alter translocation properties significantly.
[ "41,53" ]
exchange of certain amino acids) can alter translocation properties significantly.
false
true
true
true
false
589
2
INTRODUCTION
1
27
[ "b27", "b33", "b34", "b38", "b39", "b45", "b33", "b46", "b49", "b50", "b51", "b37", "b52", "b54", "b41", "b53", "b55", "b56" ]
17,135,188
pmid-9111037|pmid-15907190|pmid-12134943|pmid-16377019|pmid-12771197|pmid-16321967|pmid-15907190|pmid-9438412|pmid-16516138|pmid-12621426|pmid-15687999|pmid-15640444|pmid-15203910|pmid-15935328|pmid-15035618|pmid-15859953|pmid-11856307|pmid-15687490|pmid-12411431|pmid-15653149|pmid-3035599|pmid-11711547|pmid-15628847|p...
This particularly holds true for the attachment of large cargo molecules (55,56).
[ "27", "33", "34", "38", "39", "45", "33", "46", "49", "50", "51", "37", "52", "54", "41", "53", "55", "56" ]
81
3,465
0
false
This particularly holds true for the attachment of large cargo molecules.
[ "55,56" ]
This particularly holds true for the attachment of large cargo molecules.
true
true
true
true
true
589
2
INTRODUCTION
1
27
[ "b27", "b33", "b34", "b38", "b39", "b45", "b33", "b46", "b49", "b50", "b51", "b37", "b52", "b54", "b41", "b53", "b55", "b56" ]
17,135,188
pmid-9111037|pmid-15907190|pmid-12134943|pmid-16377019|pmid-12771197|pmid-16321967|pmid-15907190|pmid-9438412|pmid-16516138|pmid-12621426|pmid-15687999|pmid-15640444|pmid-15203910|pmid-15935328|pmid-15035618|pmid-15859953|pmid-11856307|pmid-15687490|pmid-12411431|pmid-15653149|pmid-3035599|pmid-11711547|pmid-15628847|p...
Thus, it might not be possible to generalise results obtained with a given CPP, and it might be necessary to characterise each carrier/cargo complex individually.
[ "27", "33", "34", "38", "39", "45", "33", "46", "49", "50", "51", "37", "52", "54", "41", "53", "55", "56" ]
162
3,466
0
false
Thus, it might not be possible to generalise results obtained with a given CPP, and it might be necessary to characterise each carrier/cargo complex individually.
[]
Thus, it might not be possible to generalise results obtained with a given CPP, and it might be necessary to characterise each carrier/cargo complex individually.
true
true
true
true
true
589
2
INTRODUCTION
1
27
[ "b27", "b33", "b34", "b38", "b39", "b45", "b33", "b46", "b49", "b50", "b51", "b37", "b52", "b54", "b41", "b53", "b55", "b56" ]
17,135,188
pmid-9111037|pmid-15907190|pmid-12134943|pmid-16377019|pmid-12771197|pmid-16321967|pmid-15907190|pmid-9438412|pmid-16516138|pmid-12621426|pmid-15687999|pmid-15640444|pmid-15203910|pmid-15935328|pmid-15035618|pmid-15859953|pmid-11856307|pmid-15687490|pmid-12411431|pmid-15653149|pmid-3035599|pmid-11711547|pmid-15628847|p...
If CPPs are intended to be used for therapeutic purposes in the future, it is essential to focus on the attachment of functional cargos and analyse their biological effects inside the cell.
[ "27", "33", "34", "38", "39", "45", "33", "46", "49", "50", "51", "37", "52", "54", "41", "53", "55", "56" ]
189
3,467
0
false
If CPPs are intended to be used for therapeutic purposes in the future, it is essential to focus on the attachment of functional cargos and analyse their biological effects inside the cell.
[]
If CPPs are intended to be used for therapeutic purposes in the future, it is essential to focus on the attachment of functional cargos and analyse their biological effects inside the cell.
true
true
true
true
true
589
2
INTRODUCTION
1
27
[ "b27", "b33", "b34", "b38", "b39", "b45", "b33", "b46", "b49", "b50", "b51", "b37", "b52", "b54", "b41", "b53", "b55", "b56" ]
17,135,188
pmid-9111037|pmid-15907190|pmid-12134943|pmid-16377019|pmid-12771197|pmid-16321967|pmid-15907190|pmid-9438412|pmid-16516138|pmid-12621426|pmid-15687999|pmid-15640444|pmid-15203910|pmid-15935328|pmid-15035618|pmid-15859953|pmid-11856307|pmid-15687490|pmid-12411431|pmid-15653149|pmid-3035599|pmid-11711547|pmid-15628847|p...
Therefore, a quantitative comparison of the total amount of cargo taken up with functionally active cargo is an essential requirement in order to improve delivery.
[ "27", "33", "34", "38", "39", "45", "33", "46", "49", "50", "51", "37", "52", "54", "41", "53", "55", "56" ]
163
3,468
0
false
Therefore, a quantitative comparison of the total amount of cargo taken up with functionally active cargo is an essential requirement in order to improve delivery.
[]
Therefore, a quantitative comparison of the total amount of cargo taken up with functionally active cargo is an essential requirement in order to improve delivery.
true
true
true
true
true
589
2
INTRODUCTION
1
27
[ "b27", "b33", "b34", "b38", "b39", "b45", "b33", "b46", "b49", "b50", "b51", "b37", "b52", "b54", "b41", "b53", "b55", "b56" ]
17,135,188
pmid-9111037|pmid-15907190|pmid-12134943|pmid-16377019|pmid-12771197|pmid-16321967|pmid-15907190|pmid-9438412|pmid-16516138|pmid-12621426|pmid-15687999|pmid-15640444|pmid-15203910|pmid-15935328|pmid-15035618|pmid-15859953|pmid-11856307|pmid-15687490|pmid-12411431|pmid-15653149|pmid-3035599|pmid-11711547|pmid-15628847|p...
As a prerequisite, there is need for a sensitive method to quantify intracellular amounts of cargo in combination with sensitive and easy to handle reporter systems.
[ "27", "33", "34", "38", "39", "45", "33", "46", "49", "50", "51", "37", "52", "54", "41", "53", "55", "56" ]
165
3,469
0
false
As a prerequisite, there is need for a sensitive method to quantify intracellular amounts of cargo in combination with sensitive and easy to handle reporter systems.
[]
As a prerequisite, there is need for a sensitive method to quantify intracellular amounts of cargo in combination with sensitive and easy to handle reporter systems.
true
true
true
true
true
589
3
INTRODUCTION
1
24
[ "b24", "b57" ]
17,135,188
pmid-9207018|pmid-15196012|pmid-10751399|pmid-12746500|pmid-16682561
In the present study we used the 27 amino acid peptide MPGα, a derivative of the original MPG peptide (24), as carrier for siRNA delivery.
[ "24", "57" ]
138
3,470
1
false
In the present study we used the 27 amino acid peptide MPGα, a derivative of the original MPG peptide, as carrier for siRNA delivery.
[ "24" ]
In the present study we used the 27 amino acid peptide MPGα, a derivative of the original MPG peptide, as carrier for siRNA delivery.
true
true
true
true
true
590
3
INTRODUCTION
1
57
[ "b24", "b57" ]
17,135,188
pmid-9207018|pmid-15196012|pmid-10751399|pmid-12746500|pmid-16682561
The primary amphipathic peptide is composed of a hydrophobic domain, derived from the N-terminal fusion sequence of the HIV-1 glycoprotein 41, and a hydrophilic domain equivalent to the nuclear localisation sequence (NLS) of the SV40 large T antigen linked by the three amino acid spacer WSQ (57).
[ "24", "57" ]
297
3,471
1
false
The primary amphipathic peptide is composed of a hydrophobic domain, derived from the N-terminal fusion sequence of the HIV-1 glycoprotein 41, and a hydrophilic domain equivalent to the nuclear localisation sequence (NLS) of the SV40 large T antigen linked by the three amino acid spacer WSQ.
[ "57" ]
The primary amphipathic peptide is composed of a hydrophobic domain, derived from the N-terminal fusion sequence of the HIV-1 glycoprotein 41, and a hydrophilic domain equivalent to the nuclear localisation sequence (NLS) of the SV40 large T antigen linked by the three amino acid spacer WSQ.
true
true
true
true
true
590
3
INTRODUCTION
1
24
[ "b24", "b57" ]
17,135,188
pmid-9207018|pmid-15196012|pmid-10751399|pmid-12746500|pmid-16682561
MPGα differs from the parent peptide by six amino acids in the hydrophobic part and is predicted to adopt a partially helical conformation.
[ "24", "57" ]
139
3,472
0
false
MPGα differs from the parent peptide by six amino acids in the hydrophobic part and is predicted to adopt a partially helical conformation.
[]
MPGα differs from the parent peptide by six amino acids in the hydrophobic part and is predicted to adopt a partially helical conformation.
true
true
true
true
true
590
3
INTRODUCTION
1
24
[ "b24", "b57" ]
17,135,188
pmid-9207018|pmid-15196012|pmid-10751399|pmid-12746500|pmid-16682561
The peptide forms stable non-covalent complexes with nucleic acids in solution, which eventually assemble into nanoparticles of different sizes (S.V.
[ "24", "57" ]
149
3,473
0
false
The peptide forms stable non-covalent complexes with nucleic acids in solution, which eventually assemble into nanoparticles of different sizes (S.V.
[]
The peptide forms stable non-covalent complexes with nucleic acids in solution, which eventually assemble into nanoparticles of different sizes (S.V.
true
true
true
true
true
590
3
INTRODUCTION
1
24
[ "b24", "b57" ]
17,135,188
pmid-9207018|pmid-15196012|pmid-10751399|pmid-12746500|pmid-16682561
and A.T., unpublished data).
[ "24", "57" ]
28
3,474
0
false
and A.T., unpublished data).
[]
and A.T., unpublished data).
false
true
true
true
false
590
3
INTRODUCTION
1
24
[ "b24", "b57" ]
17,135,188
pmid-9207018|pmid-15196012|pmid-10751399|pmid-12746500|pmid-16682561
Utilising this model system, we provide a combination of methods for detailed quantitative analyses of peptide-mediated siRNA internalisation along with its biological effects.
[ "24", "57" ]
176
3,475
0
false
Utilising this model system, we provide a combination of methods for detailed quantitative analyses of peptide-mediated siRNA internalisation along with its biological effects.
[]
Utilising this model system, we provide a combination of methods for detailed quantitative analyses of peptide-mediated siRNA internalisation along with its biological effects.
true
true
true
true
true
590
3
INTRODUCTION
1
24
[ "b24", "b57" ]
17,135,188
pmid-9207018|pmid-15196012|pmid-10751399|pmid-12746500|pmid-16682561
To the best of our knowledge, we present for the first time a detailed analysis on the number of siRNA molecules per cell required to observe half maximal inhibition of the target for peptide- versus cationic lipid-mediated delivery.
[ "24", "57" ]
233
3,476
0
false
To the best of our knowledge, we present for the first time a detailed analysis on the number of siRNA molecules per cell required to observe half maximal inhibition of the target for peptide- versus cationic lipid-mediated delivery.
[]
To the best of our knowledge, we present for the first time a detailed analysis on the number of siRNA molecules per cell required to observe half maximal inhibition of the target for peptide- versus cationic lipid-mediated delivery.
true
true
true
true
true
590
3
INTRODUCTION
1
24
[ "b24", "b57" ]
17,135,188
pmid-9207018|pmid-15196012|pmid-10751399|pmid-12746500|pmid-16682561
Beyond this, the techniques described here are generally applicable for a characterisation of delivery systems of oligonucleotides.
[ "24", "57" ]
131
3,477
0
false
Beyond this, the techniques described here are generally applicable for a characterisation of delivery systems of oligonucleotides.
[]
Beyond this, the techniques described here are generally applicable for a characterisation of delivery systems of oligonucleotides.
true
true
true
true
true
590
0
DISCUSSION
1
24
[ "b24", "b57", "b57" ]
17,135,188
pmid-12120257|pmid-15952901|pmid-12359866|pmid-14564000|NA|pmid-12654261|pmid-15578064|pmid-15272050|pmid-16839274|pmid-15538359|pmid-16565705|pmid-2849509|pmid-2849510|pmid-1777485|pmid-8290579|pmid-10664605|pmid-15485768|pmid-16254940|pmid-9207018|pmid-15196012|pmid-15196012
The cell membrane is one of the major barriers for an application of therapeutically interesting bio-macromolecules like nucleic acids.
[ "24", "57", "57" ]
135
3,478
0
false
The cell membrane is one of the major barriers for an application of therapeutically interesting bio-macromolecules like nucleic acids.
[]
The cell membrane is one of the major barriers for an application of therapeutically interesting bio-macromolecules like nucleic acids.
true
true
true
true
true
591
0
DISCUSSION
1
24
[ "b24", "b57", "b57" ]
17,135,188
pmid-12120257|pmid-15952901|pmid-12359866|pmid-14564000|NA|pmid-12654261|pmid-15578064|pmid-15272050|pmid-16839274|pmid-15538359|pmid-16565705|pmid-2849509|pmid-2849510|pmid-1777485|pmid-8290579|pmid-10664605|pmid-15485768|pmid-16254940|pmid-9207018|pmid-15196012|pmid-15196012
In the present study we exploited a CPP-approach for the delivery of siRNA as a general example for an oligonucleotide cargo using the peptide MPGα, a derivative of the original MPG peptide described by Morris et al.
[ "24", "57", "57" ]
216
3,479
0
false
In the present study we exploited a CPP-approach for the delivery of siRNA as a general example for an oligonucleotide cargo using the peptide MPGα, a derivative of the original MPG peptide described by Morris et al.
[]
In the present study we exploited a CPP-approach for the delivery of siRNA as a general example for an oligonucleotide cargo using the peptide MPGα, a derivative of the original MPG peptide described by Morris et al.
true
true
true
true
true
591
0
DISCUSSION
1
57
[ "b24", "b57", "b57" ]
17,135,188
pmid-12120257|pmid-15952901|pmid-12359866|pmid-14564000|NA|pmid-12654261|pmid-15578064|pmid-15272050|pmid-16839274|pmid-15538359|pmid-16565705|pmid-2849509|pmid-2849510|pmid-1777485|pmid-8290579|pmid-10664605|pmid-15485768|pmid-16254940|pmid-9207018|pmid-15196012|pmid-15196012
MPGα differs from MPG by six amino acids in the hydrophobic part (57).
[ "24", "57", "57" ]
70
3,480
1
false
MPGα differs from MPG by six amino acids in the hydrophobic part.
[ "57" ]
MPGα differs from MPG by six amino acids in the hydrophobic part.
true
true
true
true
true
591
0
DISCUSSION
1
57
[ "b24", "b57", "b57" ]
17,135,188
pmid-12120257|pmid-15952901|pmid-12359866|pmid-14564000|NA|pmid-12654261|pmid-15578064|pmid-15272050|pmid-16839274|pmid-15538359|pmid-16565705|pmid-2849509|pmid-2849510|pmid-1777485|pmid-8290579|pmid-10664605|pmid-15485768|pmid-16254940|pmid-9207018|pmid-15196012|pmid-15196012
These changes result in an alteration of the overall structure of the peptide towards a higher tendency of adopting a helical conformation (57).
[ "24", "57", "57" ]
144
3,481
1
false
These changes result in an alteration of the overall structure of the peptide towards a higher tendency of adopting a helical conformation.
[ "57" ]
These changes result in an alteration of the overall structure of the peptide towards a higher tendency of adopting a helical conformation.
true
true
true
true
true
591
0
DISCUSSION
1
24
[ "b24", "b57", "b57" ]
17,135,188
pmid-12120257|pmid-15952901|pmid-12359866|pmid-14564000|NA|pmid-12654261|pmid-15578064|pmid-15272050|pmid-16839274|pmid-15538359|pmid-16565705|pmid-2849509|pmid-2849510|pmid-1777485|pmid-8290579|pmid-10664605|pmid-15485768|pmid-16254940|pmid-9207018|pmid-15196012|pmid-15196012
The peptide forms stable non-covalent complexes with nucleic acids.
[ "24", "57", "57" ]
67
3,482
0
false
The peptide forms stable non-covalent complexes with nucleic acids.
[]
The peptide forms stable non-covalent complexes with nucleic acids.
true
true
true
true
true
591
0
DISCUSSION
1
24
[ "b24", "b57", "b57" ]
17,135,188
pmid-12120257|pmid-15952901|pmid-12359866|pmid-14564000|NA|pmid-12654261|pmid-15578064|pmid-15272050|pmid-16839274|pmid-15538359|pmid-16565705|pmid-2849509|pmid-2849510|pmid-1777485|pmid-8290579|pmid-10664605|pmid-15485768|pmid-16254940|pmid-9207018|pmid-15196012|pmid-15196012
Besides the mechanism of cellular uptake of MPGα/siRNA complexes our main focus was a comparative parallel analysis of uptake versus functional effects of the nucleic acid cargo.
[ "24", "57", "57" ]
178
3,483
0
false
Besides the mechanism of cellular uptake of MPGα/siRNA complexes our main focus was a comparative parallel analysis of uptake versus functional effects of the nucleic acid cargo.
[]
Besides the mechanism of cellular uptake of MPGα/siRNA complexes our main focus was a comparative parallel analysis of uptake versus functional effects of the nucleic acid cargo.
true
true
true
true
true
591
0
DISCUSSION
1
24
[ "b24", "b57", "b57" ]
17,135,188
pmid-12120257|pmid-15952901|pmid-12359866|pmid-14564000|NA|pmid-12654261|pmid-15578064|pmid-15272050|pmid-16839274|pmid-15538359|pmid-16565705|pmid-2849509|pmid-2849510|pmid-1777485|pmid-8290579|pmid-10664605|pmid-15485768|pmid-16254940|pmid-9207018|pmid-15196012|pmid-15196012
For this purpose, we used a liquid hybridisation protocol in combination with a simple luciferase reporter system.
[ "24", "57", "57" ]
114
3,484
0
false
For this purpose, we used a liquid hybridisation protocol in combination with a simple luciferase reporter system.
[]
For this purpose, we used a liquid hybridisation protocol in combination with a simple luciferase reporter system.
true
true
true
true
true
591
0
DISCUSSION
1
24
[ "b24", "b57", "b57" ]
17,135,188
pmid-12120257|pmid-15952901|pmid-12359866|pmid-14564000|NA|pmid-12654261|pmid-15578064|pmid-15272050|pmid-16839274|pmid-15538359|pmid-16565705|pmid-2849509|pmid-2849510|pmid-1777485|pmid-8290579|pmid-10664605|pmid-15485768|pmid-16254940|pmid-9207018|pmid-15196012|pmid-15196012
For comparison, the commercially available cationic lipid LF2000 was included into the study.
[ "24", "57", "57" ]
93
3,485
0
false
For comparison, the commercially available cationic lipid LF2000 was included into the study.
[]
For comparison, the commercially available cationic lipid LF2000 was included into the study.
true
true
true
true
true
591
1
DISCUSSION
1
58
[ "b58", "b61", "b65", "b68", "b64" ]
17,135,188
pmid-16305500|pmid-9207018|pmid-11024364|pmid-12888501|pmid-12054897|NA|pmid-15386618|pmid-15576677
As shown in Figure 1, MPGα is capable of translocating siRNA into mammalian cells leading to a down-regulation of the target protein luciferase.
[ "58", "61", "65", "68", "64" ]
144
3,486
0
false
As shown in Figure 1, MPGα is capable of translocating siRNA into mammalian cells leading to a down-regulation of the target protein luciferase.
[]
As shown in Figure 1, MPGα is capable of translocating siRNA into mammalian cells leading to a down-regulation of the target protein luciferase.
true
true
true
true
true
592
1
DISCUSSION
1
58
[ "b58", "b61", "b65", "b68", "b64" ]
17,135,188
pmid-16305500|pmid-9207018|pmid-11024364|pmid-12888501|pmid-12054897|NA|pmid-15386618|pmid-15576677
The observed effect was highly specific for siR206 and maximal inhibition was achieved with a charge ratio of 15:1, i.e.
[ "58", "61", "65", "68", "64" ]
120
3,487
0
false
The observed effect was highly specific for siR206 and maximal inhibition was achieved with a charge ratio of 15:1, i.e.
[]
The observed effect was highly specific for siR206 and maximal inhibition was achieved with a charge ratio of 15:1, i.e.
true
true
true
true
true
592
1
DISCUSSION
1
58
[ "b58", "b61", "b65", "b68", "b64" ]
17,135,188
pmid-16305500|pmid-9207018|pmid-11024364|pmid-12888501|pmid-12054897|NA|pmid-15386618|pmid-15576677
positive (peptide) over negative (siRNA) charges (Supplementary Figure 1).
[ "58", "61", "65", "68", "64" ]
74
3,488
0
false
positive (peptide) over negative (siRNA) charges (Supplementary Figure 1).
[]
positive (peptide) over negative (siRNA) charges (Supplementary Figure 1).
false
true
true
true
false
592
1
DISCUSSION
1
58
[ "b58", "b61", "b65", "b68", "b64" ]
17,135,188
pmid-16305500|pmid-9207018|pmid-11024364|pmid-12888501|pmid-12054897|NA|pmid-15386618|pmid-15576677
Additionally, we tested MPGα-mediated delivery of siRNA directed to two other targets, namely ICAM-1 and lamin A/C applying published protocols (58,61).
[ "58", "61", "65", "68", "64" ]
152
3,489
0
false
Additionally, we tested MPGα-mediated delivery of siRNA directed to two other targets, namely ICAM-1 and lamin A/C applying published protocols.
[ "58,61" ]
Additionally, we tested MPGα-mediated delivery of siRNA directed to two other targets, namely ICAM-1 and lamin A/C applying published protocols.
true
true
true
true
true
592
1
DISCUSSION
1
58
[ "b58", "b61", "b65", "b68", "b64" ]
17,135,188
pmid-16305500|pmid-9207018|pmid-11024364|pmid-12888501|pmid-12054897|NA|pmid-15386618|pmid-15576677
In both cases we observed a substantial RNAi effect of the active siRNA as compared to a control siRNA (data not shown).
[ "58", "61", "65", "68", "64" ]
120
3,490
0
false
In both cases we observed a substantial RNAi effect of the active siRNA as compared to a control siRNA (data not shown).
[]
In both cases we observed a substantial RNAi effect of the active siRNA as compared to a control siRNA (data not shown).
true
true
true
true
true
592
1
DISCUSSION
1
58
[ "b58", "b61", "b65", "b68", "b64" ]
17,135,188
pmid-16305500|pmid-9207018|pmid-11024364|pmid-12888501|pmid-12054897|NA|pmid-15386618|pmid-15576677
These data clearly indicate a specific siRNA-mediated inhibition of target protein expression rather than an unspecific effect, which might be caused by the transfection procedure.
[ "58", "61", "65", "68", "64" ]
180
3,491
0
false
These data clearly indicate a specific siRNA-mediated inhibition of target protein expression rather than an unspecific effect, which might be caused by the transfection procedure.
[]
These data clearly indicate a specific siRNA-mediated inhibition of target protein expression rather than an unspecific effect, which might be caused by the transfection procedure.
true
true
true
true
true
592
1
DISCUSSION
1
58
[ "b58", "b61", "b65", "b68", "b64" ]
17,135,188
pmid-16305500|pmid-9207018|pmid-11024364|pmid-12888501|pmid-12054897|NA|pmid-15386618|pmid-15576677
Comparing the peptide with LF2000, the maximal achievable levels of siRNA-mediated target protein down-regulation are roughly the same.
[ "58", "61", "65", "68", "64" ]
135
3,492
0
false
Comparing the peptide with LF2000, the maximal achievable levels of siRNA-mediated target protein down-regulation are roughly the same.
[]
Comparing the peptide with LF2000, the maximal achievable levels of siRNA-mediated target protein down-regulation are roughly the same.
true
true
true
true
true
592
1
DISCUSSION
1
58
[ "b58", "b61", "b65", "b68", "b64" ]
17,135,188
pmid-16305500|pmid-9207018|pmid-11024364|pmid-12888501|pmid-12054897|NA|pmid-15386618|pmid-15576677
However, an exact determination of the IC50 values of both carrier/cargo complexes revealed an ∼30-fold lower efficiency of MPGα compared to LF2000.
[ "58", "61", "65", "68", "64" ]
148
3,493
0
false
However, an exact determination of the IC50 values of both carrier/cargo complexes revealed an ∼30-fold lower efficiency of MPGα compared to LF2000.
[]
However, an exact determination of the IC50 values of both carrier/cargo complexes revealed an ∼30-fold lower efficiency of MPGα compared to LF2000.
true
true
true
true
true
592
1
DISCUSSION
1
58
[ "b58", "b61", "b65", "b68", "b64" ]
17,135,188
pmid-16305500|pmid-9207018|pmid-11024364|pmid-12888501|pmid-12054897|NA|pmid-15386618|pmid-15576677
To investigate if this phenomenon was caused by different levels of uptake or insufficient bio-availability of the siRNA molecules, we quantified the intracellular amount of cargo.
[ "58", "61", "65", "68", "64" ]
180
3,494
0
false
To investigate if this phenomenon was caused by different levels of uptake or insufficient bio-availability of the siRNA molecules, we quantified the intracellular amount of cargo.
[]
To investigate if this phenomenon was caused by different levels of uptake or insufficient bio-availability of the siRNA molecules, we quantified the intracellular amount of cargo.
true
true
true
true
true
592
1
DISCUSSION
1
58
[ "b58", "b61", "b65", "b68", "b64" ]
17,135,188
pmid-16305500|pmid-9207018|pmid-11024364|pmid-12888501|pmid-12054897|NA|pmid-15386618|pmid-15576677
From a number of diverse procedures described in the literature (65–68) we adapted a liquid hybridisation protocol described by Overhoff et al.
[ "58", "61", "65", "68", "64" ]
143
3,495
0
false
From a number of diverse procedures described in the literature we adapted a liquid hybridisation protocol described by Overhoff et al.
[ "65–68" ]
From a number of diverse procedures described in the literature we adapted a liquid hybridisation protocol described by Overhoff et al.
true
true
true
true
true
592
1
DISCUSSION
1
58
[ "b58", "b61", "b65", "b68", "b64" ]
17,135,188
pmid-16305500|pmid-9207018|pmid-11024364|pmid-12888501|pmid-12054897|NA|pmid-15386618|pmid-15576677
This assay does not need any modification of the siRNA and exclusively detects intact molecules.
[ "58", "61", "65", "68", "64" ]
96
3,496
0
false
This assay does not need any modification of the siRNA and exclusively detects intact molecules.
[]
This assay does not need any modification of the siRNA and exclusively detects intact molecules.
true
true
true
true
true
592
1
DISCUSSION
1
58
[ "b58", "b61", "b65", "b68", "b64" ]
17,135,188
pmid-16305500|pmid-9207018|pmid-11024364|pmid-12888501|pmid-12054897|NA|pmid-15386618|pmid-15576677
Thus, artefacts due to detached fluorescence labels or degraded cargos for example are precluded.
[ "58", "61", "65", "68", "64" ]
97
3,497
0
false
Thus, artefacts due to detached fluorescence labels or degraded cargos for example are precluded.
[]
Thus, artefacts due to detached fluorescence labels or degraded cargos for example are precluded.
true
true
true
true
true
592
1
DISCUSSION
1
58
[ "b58", "b61", "b65", "b68", "b64" ]
17,135,188
pmid-16305500|pmid-9207018|pmid-11024364|pmid-12888501|pmid-12054897|NA|pmid-15386618|pmid-15576677
Overall, the liquid hybridisation protocol is a fast, easy to handle and highly reproducible procedure that can be carried out in any laboratory without the need of expensive equipment.
[ "58", "61", "65", "68", "64" ]
185
3,498
0
false
Overall, the liquid hybridisation protocol is a fast, easy to handle and highly reproducible procedure that can be carried out in any laboratory without the need of expensive equipment.
[]
Overall, the liquid hybridisation protocol is a fast, easy to handle and highly reproducible procedure that can be carried out in any laboratory without the need of expensive equipment.
true
true
true
true
true
592
2
DISCUSSION
1
35
[ "b35", "b69", "b70", "b30", "b32", "b56", "b71" ]
17,135,188
pmid-9111037|pmid-15907190|pmid-12134943|pmid-16377019|pmid-12771197|pmid-16321967|pmid-15907190|pmid-9438412|pmid-16516138|pmid-12621426|pmid-15687999|pmid-15640444|pmid-15203910|pmid-15935328|pmid-15035618|pmid-15859953|pmid-11856307|pmid-15687490|pmid-12411431|pmid-15653149|pmid-3035599|pmid-11711547|pmid-15628847|p...
Though, before we could perform quantitative uptake experiments, we had to establish a washing procedure in order to remove complexes bound to the surface of the cells.
[ "35", "69", "70", "30", "32", "56", "71" ]
168
3,499
0
false
Though, before we could perform quantitative uptake experiments, we had to establish a washing procedure in order to remove complexes bound to the surface of the cells.
[]
Though, before we could perform quantitative uptake experiments, we had to establish a washing procedure in order to remove complexes bound to the surface of the cells.
true
true
true
true
true
593