paragraph_index int64 | sec string | p_has_citation int64 | cites string | citeids list | pmid int64 | cited_id string | sentences string | all_sent_cites list | sent_len int64 | sentence_batch_index int64 | sent_has_citation float64 | qc_fail bool | cited_sentence string | cites_in_sentence list | cln_sentence string | is_cap bool | is_alpha bool | ends_wp bool | cit_qc bool | lgtm bool | __index_level_0__ int64 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Frankenhaeuser and Hodgkin, 1957 | [
"bib8",
"bib8",
"bib8",
"bib11",
"bib12"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA | However, our findings cannot be explained by the standard surface potential theory (Frankenhaeuser and Hodgkin, 1957), which implies that protons shift the voltage dependence of all gating parameters by the same amount at each [Ca2+]e. | [
"Delisle and Satin (2000)",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)",
"Frankenhaeuser and Hodgkin, 1957",
"Hille, 2001"
] | 235 | 40,716 | 1 | false | However, our findings cannot be explained by the standard surface potential theory, which implies that protons shift the voltage dependence of all gating parameters by the same amount at each [Ca2+]e. | [
"Frankenhaeuser and Hodgkin, 1957"
] | However, our findings cannot be explained by the standard surface potential theory, which implies that protons shift the voltage dependence of all gating parameters by the same amount at each e. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,020 |
3 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Hille, 2001 | [
"bib8",
"bib8",
"bib8",
"bib11",
"bib12"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA|NA | To explain the different proton-induced shifts in voltage dependence of activation and deactivation by the neutralization of surface charges it has to be assumed that this effect is state dependent, in the way that due to structural rearrangements during gating, the channel structure present different substrates for pr... | [
"Delisle and Satin (2000)",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)",
"Frankenhaeuser and Hodgkin, 1957",
"Hille, 2001"
] | 432 | 40,717 | 1 | false | To explain the different proton-induced shifts in voltage dependence of activation and deactivation by the neutralization of surface charges it has to be assumed that this effect is state dependent, in the way that due to structural rearrangements during gating, the channel structure present different substrates for pr... | [
"Hille, 2001"
] | To explain the different proton-induced shifts in voltage dependence of activation and deactivation by the neutralization of surface charges it has to be assumed that this effect is state dependent, in the way that due to structural rearrangements during gating, the channel structure present different substrates for pr... | true | true | true | true | true | 7,020 |
4 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Kwan and Kass, 1993 | [
"bib16",
"bib8",
"bib8"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA | The standard surface-potential theory also predicts that the effects of increasing extracellular proton and Ca2+ concentrations on the positive shift of the gating parameters are additive (Kwan and Kass, 1993). | [
"Kwan and Kass, 1993",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)"
] | 210 | 40,718 | 1 | false | The standard surface-potential theory also predicts that the effects of increasing extracellular proton and Ca2+ concentrations on the positive shift of the gating parameters are additive. | [
"Kwan and Kass, 1993"
] | The standard surface-potential theory also predicts that the effects of increasing extracellular proton and Ca2+ concentrations on the positive shift of the gating parameters are additive. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,021 |
4 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Kwan and Kass, 1993 | [
"bib16",
"bib8",
"bib8"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA | Our observation that protons shift the activation curve to more positive potentials in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ (Fig. | [
"Kwan and Kass, 1993",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)"
] | 126 | 40,719 | 0 | false | Our observation that protons shift the activation curve to more positive potentials in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ (Fig. | [] | Our observation that protons shift the activation curve to more positive potentials in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ (Fig. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,021 |
4 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Kwan and Kass, 1993 | [
"bib16",
"bib8",
"bib8"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA | 4, A and B) is therefore incompatible with neutralization of surface charges being the sole mechanism responsible for the shift of activation kinetics. | [
"Kwan and Kass, 1993",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)"
] | 151 | 40,720 | 0 | false | 4, A and B) is therefore incompatible with neutralization of surface charges being the sole mechanism responsible for the shift of activation kinetics. | [] | 4, A and B) is therefore incompatible with neutralization of surface charges being the sole mechanism responsible for the shift of activation kinetics. | false | false | true | true | false | 7,021 |
4 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Kwan and Kass, 1993 | [
"bib16",
"bib8",
"bib8"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA | Delisle and Satin (2000) proposed that the reduced voltage sensitivity of activation is due to a proton-induced slowing of voltage dependent transitions distally to channel opening. | [
"Kwan and Kass, 1993",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)"
] | 181 | 40,721 | 0 | false | Delisle and Satin (2000) proposed that the reduced voltage sensitivity of activation is due to a proton-induced slowing of voltage dependent transitions distally to channel opening. | [] | Delisle and Satin (2000) proposed that the reduced voltage sensitivity of activation is due to a proton-induced slowing of voltage dependent transitions distally to channel opening. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,021 |
4 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Kwan and Kass, 1993 | [
"bib16",
"bib8",
"bib8"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA | We have extended this idea to explain our results. | [
"Kwan and Kass, 1993",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)"
] | 50 | 40,722 | 0 | false | We have extended this idea to explain our results. | [] | We have extended this idea to explain our results. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,021 |
4 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Kwan and Kass, 1993 | [
"bib16",
"bib8",
"bib8"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA | First, we propose that protons not only decrease the voltage sensitivity of the activation (increase s
act) but also shift the voltage of half-maximal activation to more positive potentials independently of the neutralization of surface charges. | [
"Kwan and Kass, 1993",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)"
] | 245 | 40,723 | 0 | false | First, we propose that protons not only decrease the voltage sensitivity of the activation (increase s act) but also shift the voltage of half-maximal activation to more positive potentials independently of the neutralization of surface charges. | [] | First, we propose that protons not only decrease the voltage sensitivity of the activation but also shift the voltage of half-maximal activation to more positive potentials independently of the neutralization of surface charges. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,021 |
4 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Kwan and Kass, 1993 | [
"bib16",
"bib8",
"bib8"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA | Second, we postulate that Ca2+ inhibits these effects of protons on activation. | [
"Kwan and Kass, 1993",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)"
] | 79 | 40,724 | 0 | false | Second, we postulate that Ca2+ inhibits these effects of protons on activation. | [] | Second, we postulate that Ca2+ inhibits these effects of protons on activation. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,021 |
4 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Kwan and Kass, 1993 | [
"bib16",
"bib8",
"bib8"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA | On the other hand, in accord with Delisle and Satin (2000), we consider that the transition determining macroscopic deactivation is only modulated by the neutralization of negative surface charges. | [
"Kwan and Kass, 1993",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)"
] | 197 | 40,725 | 0 | false | On the other hand, in accord with Delisle and Satin (2000), we consider that the transition determining macroscopic deactivation is only modulated by the neutralization of negative surface charges. | [] | On the other hand, in accord with Delisle and Satin (2000), we consider that the transition determining macroscopic deactivation is only modulated by the neutralization of negative surface charges. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,021 |
5 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Talavera et al., 2001 | [
"bib30",
"bib31"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA | We have reported previously that aspartate-to-glutamate mutations in the EEED pore locus of α1G induces changes in the activation curve of the channel (Talavera et al., 2001). | [
"Talavera et al., 2001",
"Talavera et al., 2003"
] | 175 | 40,726 | 1 | false | We have reported previously that aspartate-to-glutamate mutations in the EEED pore locus of α1G induces changes in the activation curve of the channel. | [
"Talavera et al., 2001"
] | We have reported previously that aspartate-to-glutamate mutations in the EEED pore locus of α1G induces changes in the activation curve of the channel. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,022 |
5 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Talavera et al., 2001 | [
"bib30",
"bib31"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA | The present result demonstrate that the EEED mutant shows alterations in the deactivation process, with less negative Vτdeac values and smaller voltage sensitivity for τdeac than the wild-type channel. | [
"Talavera et al., 2001",
"Talavera et al., 2003"
] | 201 | 40,727 | 0 | false | The present result demonstrate that the EEED mutant shows alterations in the deactivation process, with less negative Vτdeac values and smaller voltage sensitivity for τdeac than the wild-type channel. | [] | The present result demonstrate that the EEED mutant shows alterations in the deactivation process, with less negative Vτdeac values and smaller voltage sensitivity for τdeac than the wild-type channel. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,022 |
5 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Talavera et al., 2001 | [
"bib30",
"bib31"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA | These and other gating modifications induced by pore mutations are discussed in the accompanying paper (Talavera et al., 2003, in this issue). | [
"Talavera et al., 2001",
"Talavera et al., 2003"
] | 142 | 40,728 | 0 | false | These and other gating modifications induced by pore mutations are discussed in the accompanying paper. | [
"Talavera et al., 2003, in this issue"
] | These and other gating modifications induced by pore mutations are discussed in the accompanying paper. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,022 |
6 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2",
"bib8"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA|NA | The voltage dependence of the inactivation of T-type Ca2+ channels arises from voltage-dependent transitions occurring during channel activation (Droogmans and Nilius, 1989; Chen and Hess, 1990; Serrano et al., 1999; Burgess et al., 2002). | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)"
] | 239 | 40,729 | 0 | false | The voltage dependence of the inactivation of T-type Ca2+ channels arises from voltage-dependent transitions occurring during channel activation. | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989; Chen and Hess, 1990; Serrano et al., 1999; Burgess et al., 2002"
] | The voltage dependence of the inactivation of T-type Ca2+ channels arises from voltage-dependent transitions occurring during channel activation. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,023 |
6 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2",
"bib8"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA|NA | Since protons modify the activation process it is interesting to study the possible correlation between the proton-induced changes in the parameters describing steady-state activation and inactivation. | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)"
] | 201 | 40,730 | 0 | false | Since protons modify the activation process it is interesting to study the possible correlation between the proton-induced changes in the parameters describing steady-state activation and inactivation. | [] | Since protons modify the activation process it is interesting to study the possible correlation between the proton-induced changes in the parameters describing steady-state activation and inactivation. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,023 |
6 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2",
"bib8"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA|NA | We have found that if pHe is changed in the range of 9.1 to 6.2, for each 1 mV shift in V
act there was a 0.4–0.5 mV shift in V
inac in both 2 and 20 mM Ca2+. | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)"
] | 158 | 40,731 | 0 | false | We have found that if pHe is changed in the range of 9.1 to 6.2, for each 1 mV shift in V act there was a 0.4–0.5 mV shift in V inac in both 2 and 20 mM Ca2+. | [] | We have found that if pHe is changed in the range of 9.1 to 6.2, for each 1 mV shift in V act there was a 0.4–0.5 mV shift in V inac in both 2 and 20 mM Ca2+. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,023 |
6 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2",
"bib8"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA|NA | A similar correlation factor was calculated from the data of Delisle and Satin (2000) for α1H (their Figs. | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)"
] | 106 | 40,732 | 0 | false | A similar correlation factor was calculated from the data of Delisle and Satin (2000) for α1H (their Figs. | [] | A similar correlation factor was calculated from the data of Delisle and Satin (2000) for α1H (their Figs. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,023 |
6 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2",
"bib8"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA|NA | 1 D and 2 C). | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)"
] | 13 | 40,733 | 0 | false | 1 D and 2 C). | [] | 1 D and 2 C). | false | false | true | true | false | 7,023 |
6 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2",
"bib8"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA|NA | On the other hand, there was no strict correlation between the voltage sensitivity of inactivation (s
inac) and activation (s
act) and between s
inac and V
inac, in contrast with that observed between s
act and V
act (see Fig. | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)"
] | 226 | 40,734 | 0 | false | On the other hand, there was no strict correlation between the voltage sensitivity of inactivation (s inac) and activation (s act) and between s inac and V inac, in contrast with that observed between s act and V act (see Fig. | [] | On the other hand, there was no strict correlation between the voltage sensitivity of inactivation and activation and between s inac and V inac, in contrast with that observed between s act and V act (see Fig. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,023 |
6 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2",
"bib8"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA|NA | Thus, although proton-induced changes in the inactivation and activation processes seem to be linked, their degree of correlation is not absolute. | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)"
] | 146 | 40,735 | 0 | false | Thus, although proton-induced changes in the inactivation and activation processes seem to be linked, their degree of correlation is not absolute. | [] | Thus, although proton-induced changes in the inactivation and activation processes seem to be linked, their degree of correlation is not absolute. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,023 |
6 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2",
"bib8"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA|NA | As we discuss below, a kinetic model that includes state-dependent proton effects can explain these results. | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002",
"Delisle and Satin (2000)"
] | 108 | 40,736 | 0 | false | As we discuss below, a kinetic model that includes state-dependent proton effects can explain these results. | [] | As we discuss below, a kinetic model that includes state-dependent proton effects can explain these results. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,023 |
7 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA | Currently, there are several kinetic models of T-type channel gating (Droogmans and Nilius, 1989; Chen and Hess, 1990; Serrano et al., 1999; Burgess et al., 2002). | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002"
] | 163 | 40,737 | 0 | false | Currently, there are several kinetic models of T-type channel gating. | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989; Chen and Hess, 1990; Serrano et al., 1999; Burgess et al., 2002"
] | Currently, there are several kinetic models of T-type channel gating. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,024 |
7 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA | The model of Burgess et al. | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002"
] | 27 | 40,738 | 0 | false | The model of Burgess et al. | [] | The model of Burgess et al. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,024 |
7 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA | 13) is particularly attractive since it accounts for the properties of the α1G and α1H channels in nearly physiological conditions and includes for the first time an explicit description of the gating charges associated with channel transitions. | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002"
] | 245 | 40,739 | 0 | false | 13) is particularly attractive since it accounts for the properties of the α1G and α1H channels in nearly physiological conditions and includes for the first time an explicit description of the gating charges associated with channel transitions. | [] | 13) is particularly attractive since it accounts for the properties of the α1G and α1H channels in nearly physiological conditions and includes for the first time an explicit description of the gating charges associated with channel transitions. | false | false | true | true | false | 7,024 |
7 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA | We adopted this model and determined which parameters had to be modified in order to describe our experimental data in the different pHe in the presence of 2 or 20 mM Ca2+. | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002"
] | 172 | 40,740 | 0 | false | We adopted this model and determined which parameters had to be modified in order to describe our experimental data in the different pHe in the presence of 2 or 20 mM Ca2+. | [] | We adopted this model and determined which parameters had to be modified in order to describe our experimental data in the different pHe in the presence of 2 or 20 mM Ca2+. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,024 |
7 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA | First, we readjusted the parameters of the original model to describe our own experimental data at pHe 7.4 in 2 mM Ca2+ | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002"
] | 119 | 40,741 | 0 | false | First, we readjusted the parameters of the original model to describe our own experimental data at pHe 7.4 in 2 mM Ca2+ | [] | First, we readjusted the parameters of the original model to describe our own experimental data at pHe 7.4 in 2 mM Ca2+ | true | true | false | true | false | 7,024 |
7 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA | (see Table I) . | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002"
] | 15 | 40,742 | 0 | false | (see Table I). | [] | . | false | false | true | true | false | 7,024 |
7 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA | We then considered as working hypothesis that the modifications of gating induced by H+ and Ca2+ are due to: (a) the neutralization of surface charges, (b) state-dependent alterations of the electric field sensed by the gating charges, and (c) the modification of the gating charges. | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002"
] | 283 | 40,743 | 0 | false | We then considered as working hypothesis that the modifications of gating induced by H+ and Ca2+ are due to: (a) the neutralization of surface charges, (b) state-dependent alterations of the electric field sensed by the gating charges, and (c) the modification of the gating charges. | [] | We then considered as working hypothesis that the modifications of gating induced by H+ and Ca2+ are due to: the neutralization of surface charges, (b) state-dependent alterations of the electric field sensed by the gating charges, and (c) the modification of the gating charges. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,024 |
7 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA | To evaluate these effects independently from each other we used the following approach. | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002"
] | 87 | 40,744 | 0 | false | To evaluate these effects independently from each other we used the following approach. | [] | To evaluate these effects independently from each other we used the following approach. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,024 |
7 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA | All voltage-dependent transitions, with the exception of the deactivation transitions (O → C3 and IO → I3), were rewritten as: \documentclass[10pt]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
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\usepackage{pmc}
\usepackage[Eule... | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002"
] | 519 | 40,745 | 0 | false | All voltage-dependent transitions, with the exception of the deactivation transitions (O → C3 and IO → I3), were rewritten as: \documentclass[10pt]{article} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pmc} \usepackage[Euler]{... | [] | All voltage-dependent transitions, with the exception of the deactivation transitions, were rewritten as: \documentclass{article} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pmc} \usepackage{upgreek} \pagestyle{empty} \oddsid... | true | true | false | true | false | 7,024 |
7 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA | \right {\mathrm{;}}
\\
\\
k_{C2C1}=K_{C2C1}{\mathrm{exp}} \left \left[-\frac{ \left \left(1-{\mathrm{{\delta}}}_{1}\right) | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002"
] | 125 | 40,746 | 0 | false | \right {\mathrm{;}} \\ \\ k_{C2C1}=K_{C2C1}{\mathrm{exp}} \left \left[-\frac{ \left \left(1-{\mathrm{{\delta}}}_{1}\right) | [] | \right {\mathrm{;}} \\ \\ k_{C2C1}=K_{C2C1}{\mathrm{exp}} \left \left[-\frac{ \left \left | false | false | false | true | false | 7,024 |
7 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA | \right q_{1}}{T} \left \left(V-V_{Shift}\right) | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002"
] | 47 | 40,747 | 0 | false | \right q_{1}}{T} \left \left(V-V_{Shift}\right) | [] | \right q_{1}}{T} \left \left | false | false | false | true | false | 7,024 |
7 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA | \right] \right \end{gather*}\end{document}
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\begin{gather... | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002"
] | 435 | 40,748 | 0 | false | \right] \right \end{gather*}\end{document} \documentclass[10pt]{article} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pmc} \usepackage[Euler]{upgreek} \pagestyle{empty} \oddsidemargin -1.0in \begin{document} \begin{gather*}k_{... | [] | \right] \right \end{gather*}\end{document} \documentclass{article} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pmc} \usepackage{upgreek} \pagestyle{empty} \oddsidemargin -1.0in \begin{document} \begin{gather*}k_{I1I2}=K_{I1I2... | false | false | false | true | false | 7,024 |
7 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA | \right {\mathrm{;}}
\\
\;k_{I2I1}=K_{I2I1}{\mathrm{exp}} \left \left[-\frac{ \left \left(1-{\mathrm{{\delta}}}_{1}\right) | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002"
] | 122 | 40,749 | 0 | false | \right {\mathrm{;}} \\ \;k_{I2I1}=K_{I2I1}{\mathrm{exp}} \left \left[-\frac{ \left \left(1-{\mathrm{{\delta}}}_{1}\right) | [] | \right {\mathrm{;}} \\ \;k_{I2I1}=K_{I2I1}{\mathrm{exp}} \left \left[-\frac{ \left \left | false | false | false | true | false | 7,024 |
7 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA | \right] \right \end{gather*}\end{document}
\documentclass[10pt]{article}
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\begin{gather... | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002"
] | 442 | 40,751 | 0 | false | \right] \right \end{gather*}\end{document} \documentclass[10pt]{article} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pmc} \usepackage[Euler]{upgreek} \pagestyle{empty} \oddsidemargin -1.0in \begin{document} \begin{gather*}k_{... | [] | \right] \right \end{gather*}\end{document} \documentclass{article} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pmc} \usepackage{upgreek} \pagestyle{empty} \oddsidemargin -1.0in \begin{document} \begin{gather*}k_{C2C3}=K_{C2C3... | false | false | false | true | false | 7,024 |
7 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA | \right {\mathrm{;}}
\\
\;k_{C3C2}=K_{C3C2}{\mathrm{exp}} \left \left[-\frac{ \left \left(1-{\mathrm{{\delta}}}_{2}\right) | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002"
] | 122 | 40,752 | 0 | false | \right {\mathrm{;}} \\ \;k_{C3C2}=K_{C3C2}{\mathrm{exp}} \left \left[-\frac{ \left \left(1-{\mathrm{{\delta}}}_{2}\right) | [] | \right {\mathrm{;}} \\ \;k_{C3C2}=K_{C3C2}{\mathrm{exp}} \left \left[-\frac{ \left \left | false | false | false | true | false | 7,024 |
7 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA | \right q_{2}}{T} \left \left(V-V_{Shift}-V_{O2}\right) | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002"
] | 54 | 40,753 | 0 | false | \right q_{2}}{T} \left \left(V-V_{Shift}-V_{O2}\right) | [] | \right q_{2}}{T} \left \left | false | false | false | true | false | 7,024 |
7 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA | \right] \right \end{gather*}\end{document}
\documentclass[10pt]{article}
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\begin{document}
\begin{gather... | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002"
] | 442 | 40,754 | 0 | false | \right] \right \end{gather*}\end{document} \documentclass[10pt]{article} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pmc} \usepackage[Euler]{upgreek} \pagestyle{empty} \oddsidemargin -1.0in \begin{document} \begin{gather*}k_{... | [] | \right] \right \end{gather*}\end{document} \documentclass{article} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pmc} \usepackage{upgreek} \pagestyle{empty} \oddsidemargin -1.0in \begin{document} \begin{gather*}k_{I2I3}=K_{I2I3... | false | false | false | true | false | 7,024 |
7 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA | \right {\mathrm{;}}
\\
\;k_{I3I2}=K_{I3I2}{\mathrm{exp}} \left \left[-\frac{ \left \left(1-{\mathrm{{\delta}}}_{2}\right) | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002"
] | 122 | 40,755 | 0 | false | \right {\mathrm{;}} \\ \;k_{I3I2}=K_{I3I2}{\mathrm{exp}} \left \left[-\frac{ \left \left(1-{\mathrm{{\delta}}}_{2}\right) | [] | \right {\mathrm{;}} \\ \;k_{I3I2}=K_{I3I2}{\mathrm{exp}} \left \left[-\frac{ \left \left | false | false | false | true | false | 7,024 |
7 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA | \right {\mathrm{,}}\end{gather*}\end{document}where T = 25.4 mV is the thermal energy in electron-volts, q
1 and q
2 are the gating charges associated with the first and second boxes of the kinetic scheme, and δ1 and δ2 account for the coupling between the local electric potential sensed by q
1 and q
2 and the membrane... | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002"
] | 330 | 40,757 | 0 | false | \right {\mathrm{,}}\end{gather*}\end{document}where T = 25.4 mV is the thermal energy in electron-volts, q 1 and q 2 are the gating charges associated with the first and second boxes of the kinetic scheme, and δ1 and δ2 account for the coupling between the local electric potential sensed by q 1 and q 2 and the membrane... | [] | \right {\mathrm{,}}\end{gather*}\end{document}where T = 25.4 mV is the thermal energy in electron-volts, q 1 and q 2 are the gating charges associated with the first and second boxes of the kinetic scheme, and δ1 and δ2 account for the coupling between the local electric potential sensed by q 1 and q 2 and the membrane... | false | false | false | true | false | 7,024 |
7 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA | V. We introduced a voltage offset (V
Shift) in all these rate constants to describe the neutralization of surface charges. | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002"
] | 122 | 40,758 | 0 | false | V. We introduced a voltage offset (V Shift) in all these rate constants to describe the neutralization of surface charges. | [] | V. We introduced a voltage offset in all these rate constants to describe the neutralization of surface charges. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,024 |
7 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA | To account for the state-dependent modification of the electric field sensed by the gating charges, we included the voltage offset V
O2 in the second box of the kinetic scheme (see Fig. | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002"
] | 185 | 40,759 | 0 | false | To account for the state-dependent modification of the electric field sensed by the gating charges, we included the voltage offset V O2 in the second box of the kinetic scheme (see Fig. | [] | To account for the state-dependent modification of the electric field sensed by the gating charges, we included the voltage offset V O2 in the second box of the kinetic scheme (see Fig. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,024 |
7 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA | Starting from the set of parameters obtained at pHe 7.4 and 2 mM Ca2+ (Table I), we adapted the parameters V
Shift, V
O2, q
1, q
2, and k
C3O to fit the average activation, steady-state inactivation, reactivation curves and the voltage dependence of the time-to-peak obtained in each experimental condition. | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002"
] | 307 | 40,760 | 0 | false | Starting from the set of parameters obtained at pHe 7.4 and 2 mM Ca2+ (Table I), we adapted the parameters V Shift, V O2, q 1, q 2, and k C3O to fit the average activation, steady-state inactivation, reactivation curves and the voltage dependence of the time-to-peak obtained in each experimental condition. | [] | Starting from the set of parameters obtained at pHe 7.4 and 2 mM Ca2+, we adapted the parameters V Shift, V O2, q 1, q 2, and k C3O to fit the average activation, steady-state inactivation, reactivation curves and the voltage dependence of the time-to-peak obtained in each experimental condition. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,024 |
7 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA | The variation of δ1 and δ2 did not significantly affect the goodness of the fits and thus they were kept fixed to the values obtained in the reference condition. | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002"
] | 161 | 40,761 | 0 | false | The variation of δ1 and δ2 did not significantly affect the goodness of the fits and thus they were kept fixed to the values obtained in the reference condition. | [] | The variation of δ1 and δ2 did not significantly affect the goodness of the fits and thus they were kept fixed to the values obtained in the reference condition. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,024 |
7 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA | We introduced an extra voltage offset in order to account for the neutralization of surface charges by Ca2+ to fit the data obtained in 20 mM Ca2+. | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002"
] | 147 | 40,762 | 0 | false | We introduced an extra voltage offset in order to account for the neutralization of surface charges by Ca2+ to fit the data obtained in 20 mM Ca2+. | [] | We introduced an extra voltage offset in order to account for the neutralization of surface charges by Ca2+ to fit the data obtained in 20 mM Ca2+. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,024 |
7 | DISCUSSION | 1 | Droogmans and Nilius, 1989 | [
"bib9",
"bib5",
"bib24",
"bib2"
] | 12,743,167 | NA|NA|NA|NA | This value was set to 20.5 mV and taken from the shift of the voltage of half-maximal activation by changing the [Ca2+]e from 2 to 20 mM at pHe 9.1 (see Fig. | [
"Droogmans and Nilius, 1989",
"Chen and Hess, 1990",
"Serrano et al., 1999",
"Burgess et al., 2002"
] | 157 | 40,763 | 0 | false | This value was set to 20.5 mV and taken from the shift of the voltage of half-maximal activation by changing the [Ca2+]e from 2 to 20 mM at pHe 9.1 (see Fig. | [] | This value was set to 20.5 mV and taken from the shift of the voltage of half-maximal activation by changing the e from 2 to 20 mM at pHe 9.1 (see Fig. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,024 |
8 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | Kinetic scheme of the Markov model used to describe the proton and Ca2+ modulation of the gating of α1G. | null | 104 | 40,764 | 0 | false | null | null | Kinetic scheme of the Markov model used to describe the proton and Ca2+ modulation of the gating of α1G. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,025 |
8 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | The states C1 (resting) and I1 (inactivated) are the most probable at very negative potentials (less than or equal to −100 mV). | null | 127 | 40,765 | 0 | false | null | null | The states C1 (resting) and I1 (inactivated) are the most probable at very negative potentials (less than or equal to −100 mV). | true | true | true | true | true | 7,025 |
8 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | Membrane depolarization induces transitions to the intermediate closed states C2 and C3 and to the open state O. | null | 112 | 40,766 | 0 | false | null | null | Membrane depolarization induces transitions to the intermediate closed states C2 and C3 and to the open state O. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,025 |
8 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | In parallel, the channel transits to the inactivated states I2, I3 and for strong depolarizations the equilibrium shifts to the inactivated state IO. | null | 149 | 40,767 | 0 | false | null | null | In parallel, the channel transits to the inactivated states I2, I3 and for strong depolarizations the equilibrium shifts to the inactivated state IO. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,025 |
8 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | All voltage dependent transitions (represented by the thick arrows) are affected by the neutralization of negative surface charges by protons or Ca2+. | null | 150 | 40,768 | 0 | false | null | null | All voltage dependent transitions (represented by the thick arrows) are affected by the neutralization of negative surface charges by protons or Ca2+. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,025 |
8 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | The fit of the model to the data obtained at different pHe indicate that the transitions C3 → C2 and I3 → I2 (dashed arrows) are the main target for proton effects leading to the decrease of the voltage sensitivity of activation. | null | 229 | 40,769 | 0 | false | null | null | The fit of the model to the data obtained at different pHe indicate that the transitions C3 → C2 and I3 → I2 (dashed arrows) are the main target for proton effects leading to the decrease of the voltage sensitivity of activation. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,025 |
8 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | Extracellular Ca2+ is proposed to inhibit the effects of protons on these transitions. | null | 86 | 40,770 | 0 | false | null | null | Extracellular Ca2+ is proposed to inhibit the effects of protons on these transitions. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,025 |
9 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | Model Parameters Optimized to Fit the Experimental Data Obtained at pHe 7.4 in the Presence of 2 mM Extracellular Ca2+ | null | 118 | 40,771 | 0 | false | null | null | Model Parameters Optimized to Fit the Experimental Data Obtained at pHe 7.4 in the Presence of 2 mM Extracellular Ca2+ | true | true | false | true | false | 7,026 |
10 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | The deactivation transitions O → C3 and IO → I3 were described by an equation of the form: \documentclass[10pt]{article}
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\odds... | null | 465 | 40,772 | 0 | false | null | null | The deactivation transitions O → C3 and IO → I3 were described by an equation of the form: \documentclass[10pt]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
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\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{pmc}
\usepackage[Euler]{upgreek}
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\odds... | true | true | false | true | false | 7,027 |
10 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | \right }/{s{\mathrm{{\tau}}}_{deac}}\right] | null | 43 | 40,773 | 0 | false | null | null | \right }/{s{\mathrm{{\tau}}}_{deac}}\right] | false | false | false | true | false | 7,027 |
10 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | \right \end{equation*}\end{document}, where Vτdeac (= T/q3 ln(KOC3)) and sτdeac (= T/q3) are the experimental values at each pHe and | null | 132 | 40,774 | 0 | false | null | null | \right \end{equation*}\end{document}, where Vτdeac (= T/q3 ln(KOC3)) and sτdeac (= T/q3) are the experimental values at each pHe and | false | false | false | true | false | 7,027 |
10 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | [Ca2+]e (e.g., Fig. | null | 19 | 40,775 | 0 | false | null | null | [Ca2+]e (e.g., Fig. | false | false | true | true | false | 7,027 |
10 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | The parameter V
Shift is not included in the expressions of k
OC3 and k
IOI3 because the effect of neutralization of surface charges is implicitly considered in the values of Vτdeac. | null | 182 | 40,776 | 0 | false | null | null | The parameter V
Shift is not included in the expressions of k
OC3 and k
IOI3 because the effect of neutralization of surface charges is implicitly considered in the values of Vτdeac. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,027 |
11 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | 14 shows that the simulated curves of steady-state activation and inactivation reproduce the experimental data in the pHe range of 9.1 to 6.2–5.5 and in the presence of 2 or 20 mM Ca2+. | null | 185 | 40,777 | 0 | false | null | null | 14 shows that the simulated curves of steady-state activation and inactivation reproduce the experimental data in the pHe range of 9.1 to 6.2–5.5 and in the presence of 2 or 20 mM Ca2+. | false | false | true | true | false | 7,028 |
11 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | The parameters optimized with the fitting procedure are shown as functions of pHe and Ca2+ in Fig. | null | 98 | 40,778 | 0 | false | null | null | The parameters optimized with the fitting procedure are shown as functions of pHe and Ca2+ in Fig. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,028 |
11 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | V
Shift, which describes the proton-induced voltage shift due to the neutralization of surface charges, is equal to −5.5 mV | null | 123 | 40,779 | 0 | false | null | null | V
Shift, which describes the proton-induced voltage shift due to the neutralization of surface charges, is equal to −5.5 mV | true | true | false | true | false | 7,028 |
11 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | at pHe 9.1 and gradually changes to positive values at acid pHe in 2 mM Ca2+ (panel A). | null | 87 | 40,780 | 0 | false | null | null | at pHe 9.1 and gradually changes to positive values at acid pHe in 2 mM Ca2+ (panel A). | false | true | true | true | false | 7,028 |
11 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | Panel B exemplifies that this causes an identical displacement of all the gating kinetics to less negative potentials. | null | 118 | 40,781 | 0 | false | null | null | Panel B exemplifies that this causes an identical displacement of all the gating kinetics to less negative potentials. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,028 |
11 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | 15 C shows that V
O2 is around −4 mV at alkaline pHe but changes to positive values at acid pHe in 2 mM Ca2+. | null | 109 | 40,782 | 0 | false | null | null | 15 C shows that V
O2 is around −4 mV at alkaline pHe but changes to positive values at acid pHe in 2 mM Ca2+. | false | false | true | true | false | 7,028 |
11 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | This induces an additional positive shift of the inactivation and activation curves and a slight increase in the steepness of the latter one (panel B). | null | 151 | 40,783 | 0 | false | null | null | This induces an additional positive shift of the inactivation and activation curves and a slight increase in the steepness of the latter one (panel B). | true | true | true | true | true | 7,028 |
11 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | The relevance of the introduction of V
O2 in the model becomes clear when noticing that the voltage shift attributable to the screening of surface charges when changing the pHe from 9.1 to 6.2 (V
Shift(6.2) | null | 206 | 40,784 | 0 | false | null | null | The relevance of the introduction of V
O2 in the model becomes clear when noticing that the voltage shift attributable to the screening of surface charges when changing the pHe from 9.1 to 6.2 (V
Shift(6.2) | true | true | false | true | false | 7,028 |
11 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | − V
Shift(9.1) | null | 14 | 40,785 | 0 | false | null | null | − V
Shift(9.1) | false | false | false | true | false | 7,028 |
11 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | ≈ 19 mV, Fig. | null | 13 | 40,786 | 0 | false | null | null | ≈ 19 mV, Fig. | false | false | true | true | false | 7,028 |
11 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | 15 A) equals the shift observed in the voltage dependence of the time constant of deactivation (Fig. | null | 100 | 40,787 | 0 | false | null | null | 15 A) equals the shift observed in the voltage dependence of the time constant of deactivation (Fig. | false | false | true | true | false | 7,028 |
11 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | In other words, V
O2 allows dissecting the effect of pure screening of surface charges from specific proton effects on channel activation. | null | 138 | 40,788 | 0 | false | null | null | In other words, V
O2 allows dissecting the effect of pure screening of surface charges from specific proton effects on channel activation. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,028 |
11 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | The specificity of this voltage offset on the transitions between the states C2 and C3 may be due to an enhanced accessibility or/and an increased affinity of superficial binding sites for protons during these transitions. | null | 222 | 40,789 | 0 | false | null | null | The specificity of this voltage offset on the transitions between the states C2 and C3 may be due to an enhanced accessibility or/and an increased affinity of superficial binding sites for protons during these transitions. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,028 |
11 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | Another possibility is that protonation induces an uncoupling between the voltage sensors and the activation gates of the channel. | null | 130 | 40,790 | 0 | false | null | null | Another possibility is that protonation induces an uncoupling between the voltage sensors and the activation gates of the channel. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,028 |
11 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | The appropriate fit of the data requires the reduction of the gating charge. | null | 76 | 40,791 | 0 | false | null | null | The appropriate fit of the data requires the reduction of the gating charge. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,028 |
11 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | However, the gating charge associated with the second step of activation (q
2) shows a much stronger pHe dependence than that associated with the first step (q
1). | null | 163 | 40,792 | 0 | false | null | null | However, the gating charge associated with the second step of activation (q
2) shows a much stronger pHe dependence than that associated with the first step (q
1). | true | true | true | true | true | 7,028 |
11 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | In 2 mM Ca2+ for example, q
2 shows a marked reduction in the whole pHe range studied, whereas q
1 does not change in the pHe range from 9.1 to 6.8 (Fig. | null | 153 | 40,793 | 0 | false | null | null | In 2 mM Ca2+ for example, q
2 shows a marked reduction in the whole pHe range studied, whereas q
1 does not change in the pHe range from 9.1 to 6.8 (Fig. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,028 |
11 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | As shown in panel D, the predicted decrease in q
1 does not have large effect on the steady-state properties in contrast to the reduction of q
2, which induces a decrease in the slope of activation and inactivation curves (panel F). | null | 232 | 40,794 | 0 | false | null | null | As shown in panel D, the predicted decrease in q
1 does not have large effect on the steady-state properties in contrast to the reduction of q
2, which induces a decrease in the slope of activation and inactivation curves (panel F). | true | true | true | true | true | 7,028 |
11 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | The decrease in q
2 shifts the inactivation curve to more negative potentials in a larger extent than the activation curve. | null | 123 | 40,795 | 0 | false | null | null | The decrease in q
2 shifts the inactivation curve to more negative potentials in a larger extent than the activation curve. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,028 |
11 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | This is, therefore, based on the application of the present gating model, the reason for the uneven effects of extracellular protons on activation and inactivation properties of α1G (Fig. | null | 187 | 40,796 | 0 | false | null | null | This is, therefore, based on the application of the present gating model, the reason for the uneven effects of extracellular protons on activation and inactivation properties of α1G (Fig. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,028 |
11 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | The fit of the voltage dependence of the time-to-peak compelled a decrease of the rate of the last step of the activation (k
C3O and k
I3O) in the ranges from 4.6 to 1.9 ms−1 in 2 mM Ca2+ and from 2.4 to 1.2 ms−1 in 20 mM Ca2+. | null | 227 | 40,797 | 0 | false | null | null | The fit of the voltage dependence of the time-to-peak compelled a decrease of the rate of the last step of the activation (k
C3O and k
I3O) in the ranges from 4.6 to 1.9 ms−1 in 2 mM Ca2+ and from 2.4 to 1.2 ms−1 in 20 mM Ca2+. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,028 |
11 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | This produces a positive shift of the activation and inactivation curves and an increase of the steepness of the activation curve (compare dotted and short dashed lines in Fig. | null | 176 | 40,798 | 0 | false | null | null | This produces a positive shift of the activation and inactivation curves and an increase of the steepness of the activation curve (compare dotted and short dashed lines in Fig. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,028 |
12 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | Fit of the kinetic model to the experimental data. | null | 50 | 40,799 | 0 | false | null | null | Fit of the kinetic model to the experimental data. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,029 |
12 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | Fit of average activation (A and C) and inactivation (B and D) curves obtained in the presence of 2 or 20 mM Ca2+. | null | 114 | 40,800 | 0 | false | null | null | Fit of average activation (A and C) and inactivation (B and D) curves obtained in the presence of 2 or 20 mM Ca2+. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,029 |
12 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | The symbols apply to pHe values as follows: 9.1, ▪; 8.2, □; 7.4, ○; 6.8, ▵; 6.2, ▿; 5.5, ⋄. | null | 91 | 40,801 | 0 | false | null | null | The symbols apply to pHe values as follows: 9.1, ▪; 8.2, □; 7.4, ○; 6.8, ▵; 6.2, ▿; 5.5, ⋄. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,029 |
13 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | pHe and Ca2+ dependence of the model parameters optimized to fit the experimental data. | null | 87 | 40,802 | 0 | false | null | null | pHe and Ca2+ dependence of the model parameters optimized to fit the experimental data. | false | true | true | true | false | 7,030 |
13 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | (A) Predicted pHe dependency of V
Shift in the presence of 2 (▪) or 20 mM (□) Ca2+. | null | 83 | 40,803 | 0 | false | null | null | (A) Predicted pHe dependency of V
Shift in the presence of 2 (▪) or 20 mM (□) Ca2+. | false | false | true | true | false | 7,030 |
13 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | (B) Activation and inactivation curves calculated with the parameters from the fit of the data obtained in 2 mM Ca2+ at pHe 9.1 (thick continuous lines) or 6.2 (dotted lines). | null | 175 | 40,804 | 0 | false | null | null | (B) Activation and inactivation curves calculated with the parameters from the fit of the data obtained in 2 mM Ca2+ at pHe 9.1 (thick continuous lines) or 6.2 (dotted lines). | false | false | true | true | false | 7,030 |
13 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | The thick dashed and the thin continuous lines are the activation and inactivation curves calculated with the set of parameters determined for pHe 9.1 (Ca2+ 2 mM) but with the values of V
Shift or with both V
Shift and V
O2 obtained for pHe 6.2, respectively. | null | 259 | 40,805 | 0 | false | null | null | The thick dashed and the thin continuous lines are the activation and inactivation curves calculated with the set of parameters determined for pHe 9.1 (Ca2+ 2 mM) but with the values of V
Shift or with both V
Shift and V
O2 obtained for pHe 6.2, respectively. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,030 |
13 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | (C) V
O2 as function of pHe in the presence of 2 (•) or 20 mM (○) Ca2+. | null | 71 | 40,806 | 0 | false | null | null | (C) V
O2 as function of pHe in the presence of 2 (•) or 20 mM (○) Ca2+. | false | false | true | true | false | 7,030 |
13 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | The thick continuous, thin continuous, and dotted lines are the same as in B. | null | 77 | 40,807 | 0 | false | null | null | The thick continuous, thin continuous, and dotted lines are the same as in B. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,030 |
13 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | The thin dashed lines were calculated using the set of parameters at pHe 9.1 (Ca2+ 2 mM), but using the values of V
Shift, V
O2, and q
1 determined for pHe 6.2. | null | 160 | 40,808 | 0 | false | null | null | The thin dashed lines were calculated using the set of parameters at pHe 9.1 (Ca2+ 2 mM), but using the values of V
Shift, V
O2, and q
1 determined for pHe 6.2. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,030 |
13 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | (E) Predicted pHe dependency of q
1 (▪, □) and q
2 (•, ○) in the presence of 2 (filled symbols) or 20 mM (empty symbols) Ca2+. | null | 126 | 40,809 | 0 | false | null | null | (E) Predicted pHe dependency of q
1 (▪, □) and q
2 (•, ○) in the presence of 2 (filled symbols) or 20 mM (empty symbols) Ca2+. | false | false | true | true | false | 7,030 |
13 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | The thick continuous, thin dashed and dotted lines are the same as in D. | null | 72 | 40,810 | 0 | false | null | null | The thick continuous, thin dashed and dotted lines are the same as in D. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,030 |
13 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | The short dashed lines were calculated using the set of parameters at pHe 9.1 (Ca2+ 2 mM) but using the values of V
Shift, V
O2, q
1, and q
2 determined for pHe 6.2. | null | 165 | 40,811 | 0 | false | null | null | The short dashed lines were calculated using the set of parameters at pHe 9.1 (Ca2+ 2 mM) but using the values of V
Shift, V
O2, q
1, and q
2 determined for pHe 6.2. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,030 |
14 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | The results of the simulation of the data obtained in 20 mM Ca2+ indicate that predicted effects of protons in this condition are much weaker than in 2 mM Ca2+. | null | 160 | 40,812 | 0 | false | null | null | The results of the simulation of the data obtained in 20 mM Ca2+ indicate that predicted effects of protons in this condition are much weaker than in 2 mM Ca2+. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,031 |
14 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | We conclude that calcium ions antagonize the effects of extracellular protons on the gating properties of α1G in two ways: first, by competing for the binding to negative surface charges and, second, by controlling the proton-induced effects on an intermediate step of the activation sequence. | null | 293 | 40,813 | 0 | false | null | null | We conclude that calcium ions antagonize the effects of extracellular protons on the gating properties of α1G in two ways: first, by competing for the binding to negative surface charges and, second, by controlling the proton-induced effects on an intermediate step of the activation sequence. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,031 |
14 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | In the first mechanism Ca2+ and protons have equivalent effects, since both ions neutralize negative surface charges and shift all voltage-dependent processes of the channel toward positive potentials. | null | 201 | 40,814 | 0 | false | null | null | In the first mechanism Ca2+ and protons have equivalent effects, since both ions neutralize negative surface charges and shift all voltage-dependent processes of the channel toward positive potentials. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,031 |
14 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | The inhibition of channel activation by the binding of protons through the second mechanism is weakened by the presence of Ca2+, which could be due to a decreased proton affinity or a modulation of the effects downstream of proton binding. | null | 239 | 40,815 | 0 | false | null | null | The inhibition of channel activation by the binding of protons through the second mechanism is weakened by the presence of Ca2+, which could be due to a decreased proton affinity or a modulation of the effects downstream of proton binding. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,031 |
14 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | This may explain why the increase of [Ca2+]e prevents the decreased voltage sensitivity, the “extra” voltage shift of the activation induced by protons that is observed in Ca2+ free conditions (Fig. | null | 198 | 40,816 | 0 | false | null | null | This may explain why the increase of [Ca2+]e prevents the decreased voltage sensitivity, the “extra” voltage shift of the activation induced by protons that is observed in Ca2+ free conditions (Fig. | true | true | true | true | true | 7,031 |
14 | DISCUSSION | 0 | null | null | 12,743,167 | null | 4) and the smaller proton-induced shift of the activation curves with respect to that of the voltage dependence of the deactivation kinetics. | null | 141 | 40,817 | 0 | false | null | null | 4) and the smaller proton-induced shift of the activation curves with respect to that of the voltage dependence of the deactivation kinetics. | false | false | true | true | false | 7,031 |
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