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PMC1185555_F3_2759.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | The epithelium of the mucous gland hyperplasia was positive for 45M1. (Left: HE, Right: 45M1, original magnification × 200) |
PMC1185555_F3_2760.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | The epithelium of the mucous gland hyperplasia was positive for 45M1. (Left: HE, Right: 45M1, original magnification × 200) |
PMC1185555_F4_2756.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | The intercalated duct cells adjacent to the atypical mucous gland hyperplasia were positive for Ki67. (Ki67, original magnification × 200) |
PMC1185567_F6_2768.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Localization of CCL2 and CXCL10 mRNA in lung tissue explants non-cultured and cultured with IL-1β and IFN-γ, in the presence or absence of 10-4 M dexamethasone (DEX) for 24 h. CCL2 mRNA is constitutively produced in normal lung tissue by AEC-II (arrowheads) and AM (arrows) (A ), and stimulation with 500 U/ml of human recombinant IL-1β and IFN-γ (C , inset) significantly up-regulates CCL2 mRNA expression by these cells compared to non-cultured (A ) or 24-h cultured controls (data not shown). AEC-I also show weak positive signal for CCL2 mRNA (C , sharp arrowheads). DEX treatment leads to inhibition of the IL-1β-induced CCL2 mRNA production in AEC-II (E and C ), but does not change the basal expression (E and A ). Panels B , D , and F show the same lung tissue explants treated as indicated above and hybridized with a CXCL10 specific probe. Panel D (inset) illustrates a prominent inducible effect of cytokine-stimulation on CXCL10 mRNA expression in situ by AEC-II (arrowheads) and AM (arrows), and panel F depicts the inhibitory effect of DEX on IFN-γ/IL-1β-induced CXCL10 mRNA expression. Data of one representative experiment from five are shown. Panels G and H illustrate CXCL10 mRNA localization in the lung from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and tuberculosis respectively. Control slides, in which hybridization buffer alone was applied, display no reactivity in all experiments (data not shown). |
PMC1185567_F6_2761.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Localization of CCL2 and CXCL10 mRNA in lung tissue explants non-cultured and cultured with IL-1β and IFN-γ, in the presence or absence of 10-4 M dexamethasone (DEX) for 24 h. CCL2 mRNA is constitutively produced in normal lung tissue by AEC-II (arrowheads) and AM (arrows) (A ), and stimulation with 500 U/ml of human recombinant IL-1β and IFN-γ (C , inset) significantly up-regulates CCL2 mRNA expression by these cells compared to non-cultured (A ) or 24-h cultured controls (data not shown). AEC-I also show weak positive signal for CCL2 mRNA (C , sharp arrowheads). DEX treatment leads to inhibition of the IL-1β-induced CCL2 mRNA production in AEC-II (E and C ), but does not change the basal expression (E and A ). Panels B , D , and F show the same lung tissue explants treated as indicated above and hybridized with a CXCL10 specific probe. Panel D (inset) illustrates a prominent inducible effect of cytokine-stimulation on CXCL10 mRNA expression in situ by AEC-II (arrowheads) and AM (arrows), and panel F depicts the inhibitory effect of DEX on IFN-γ/IL-1β-induced CXCL10 mRNA expression. Data of one representative experiment from five are shown. Panels G and H illustrate CXCL10 mRNA localization in the lung from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and tuberculosis respectively. Control slides, in which hybridization buffer alone was applied, display no reactivity in all experiments (data not shown). |
PMC1185567_F6_2765.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Localization of CCL2 and CXCL10 mRNA in lung tissue explants non-cultured and cultured with IL-1β and IFN-γ, in the presence or absence of 10-4 M dexamethasone (DEX) for 24 h. CCL2 mRNA is constitutively produced in normal lung tissue by AEC-II (arrowheads) and AM (arrows) (A ), and stimulation with 500 U/ml of human recombinant IL-1β and IFN-γ (C , inset) significantly up-regulates CCL2 mRNA expression by these cells compared to non-cultured (A ) or 24-h cultured controls (data not shown). AEC-I also show weak positive signal for CCL2 mRNA (C , sharp arrowheads). DEX treatment leads to inhibition of the IL-1β-induced CCL2 mRNA production in AEC-II (E and C ), but does not change the basal expression (E and A ). Panels B , D , and F show the same lung tissue explants treated as indicated above and hybridized with a CXCL10 specific probe. Panel D (inset) illustrates a prominent inducible effect of cytokine-stimulation on CXCL10 mRNA expression in situ by AEC-II (arrowheads) and AM (arrows), and panel F depicts the inhibitory effect of DEX on IFN-γ/IL-1β-induced CXCL10 mRNA expression. Data of one representative experiment from five are shown. Panels G and H illustrate CXCL10 mRNA localization in the lung from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and tuberculosis respectively. Control slides, in which hybridization buffer alone was applied, display no reactivity in all experiments (data not shown). |
PMC1185567_F6_2767.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Localization of CCL2 and CXCL10 mRNA in lung tissue explants non-cultured and cultured with IL-1β and IFN-γ, in the presence or absence of 10-4 M dexamethasone (DEX) for 24 h. CCL2 mRNA is constitutively produced in normal lung tissue by AEC-II (arrowheads) and AM (arrows) (A ), and stimulation with 500 U/ml of human recombinant IL-1β and IFN-γ (C , inset) significantly up-regulates CCL2 mRNA expression by these cells compared to non-cultured (A ) or 24-h cultured controls (data not shown). AEC-I also show weak positive signal for CCL2 mRNA (C , sharp arrowheads). DEX treatment leads to inhibition of the IL-1β-induced CCL2 mRNA production in AEC-II (E and C ), but does not change the basal expression (E and A ). Panels B , D , and F show the same lung tissue explants treated as indicated above and hybridized with a CXCL10 specific probe. Panel D (inset) illustrates a prominent inducible effect of cytokine-stimulation on CXCL10 mRNA expression in situ by AEC-II (arrowheads) and AM (arrows), and panel F depicts the inhibitory effect of DEX on IFN-γ/IL-1β-induced CXCL10 mRNA expression. Data of one representative experiment from five are shown. Panels G and H illustrate CXCL10 mRNA localization in the lung from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and tuberculosis respectively. Control slides, in which hybridization buffer alone was applied, display no reactivity in all experiments (data not shown). |
PMC1185567_F6_2762.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Localization of CCL2 and CXCL10 mRNA in lung tissue explants non-cultured and cultured with IL-1β and IFN-γ, in the presence or absence of 10-4 M dexamethasone (DEX) for 24 h. CCL2 mRNA is constitutively produced in normal lung tissue by AEC-II (arrowheads) and AM (arrows) (A ), and stimulation with 500 U/ml of human recombinant IL-1β and IFN-γ (C , inset) significantly up-regulates CCL2 mRNA expression by these cells compared to non-cultured (A ) or 24-h cultured controls (data not shown). AEC-I also show weak positive signal for CCL2 mRNA (C , sharp arrowheads). DEX treatment leads to inhibition of the IL-1β-induced CCL2 mRNA production in AEC-II (E and C ), but does not change the basal expression (E and A ). Panels B , D , and F show the same lung tissue explants treated as indicated above and hybridized with a CXCL10 specific probe. Panel D (inset) illustrates a prominent inducible effect of cytokine-stimulation on CXCL10 mRNA expression in situ by AEC-II (arrowheads) and AM (arrows), and panel F depicts the inhibitory effect of DEX on IFN-γ/IL-1β-induced CXCL10 mRNA expression. Data of one representative experiment from five are shown. Panels G and H illustrate CXCL10 mRNA localization in the lung from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and tuberculosis respectively. Control slides, in which hybridization buffer alone was applied, display no reactivity in all experiments (data not shown). |
PMC1185567_F6_2766.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Localization of CCL2 and CXCL10 mRNA in lung tissue explants non-cultured and cultured with IL-1β and IFN-γ, in the presence or absence of 10-4 M dexamethasone (DEX) for 24 h. CCL2 mRNA is constitutively produced in normal lung tissue by AEC-II (arrowheads) and AM (arrows) (A ), and stimulation with 500 U/ml of human recombinant IL-1β and IFN-γ (C , inset) significantly up-regulates CCL2 mRNA expression by these cells compared to non-cultured (A ) or 24-h cultured controls (data not shown). AEC-I also show weak positive signal for CCL2 mRNA (C , sharp arrowheads). DEX treatment leads to inhibition of the IL-1β-induced CCL2 mRNA production in AEC-II (E and C ), but does not change the basal expression (E and A ). Panels B , D , and F show the same lung tissue explants treated as indicated above and hybridized with a CXCL10 specific probe. Panel D (inset) illustrates a prominent inducible effect of cytokine-stimulation on CXCL10 mRNA expression in situ by AEC-II (arrowheads) and AM (arrows), and panel F depicts the inhibitory effect of DEX on IFN-γ/IL-1β-induced CXCL10 mRNA expression. Data of one representative experiment from five are shown. Panels G and H illustrate CXCL10 mRNA localization in the lung from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and tuberculosis respectively. Control slides, in which hybridization buffer alone was applied, display no reactivity in all experiments (data not shown). |
PMC1185571_F2_2770.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Ultrasonography showing solitary metachronous metastasis to gall bladder. |
PMC1186023_F2_2772.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Expression of Rag1 in zebrafish olfactory system. (A) At 22 hours post-fertilization, a few olfactory sensory neurons express GFP under the Rag1 promoter. (B) At 3 dpf, fluorescing axons have reached the bulb. A single target (arrowhead) is innervated by brightly labelled axons. (C, D) Frontal view of an 8-day old larva, with DiI labeling of olfactory sensory neurons (red) and Bodipy labeling of inter-cellular spaces (dim green). (C) A shallow section of the labelled forebrain, with DiI-labelled olfactory axons visible (arrows). In a deeper section (D) the GFP-containing axons (arrowhead) can be seen, along with other DiI-labelled axons (arrow). (E) Dorsal view of an isolated forebrain from a 4 day-old fish, showing the left olfactory bulb. Anterior is to the top and the midline is indicated by the dotted line. Strong GFP fluorescence is seen in axon terminals in a single region of the lateral bulb (arrowhead), while axons with lower levels of GFP innervate other regions of the lateral bulb (arrows). The inset shows one optical section, colour-coded according to fluorescence intensity. Termini with high (arrowhead) and low (arrow) intensity are indicated. (F) Frontal view of glomerular structures in the olfactory bulb of a 4-day fish, labelled with an antibody to synaptic vesicles. Only one lateral structure is innervated by OSNs with strong GFP expression (arrow). Lateral is to the left, while dorsal is to the top. (G) A single optical section through the glomerular target containing GFP-expressing neurons. The marker for synaptic vesicles (red) and GFP appear to co-localize, as indicate by the linescan. (H) An olfactory pit labeled with DiI. The GFP-expressing cells (green) have not taken up DiI (red). (I, J) A Di8ANEPPQ-labeled olfactory system of a Rag1:GFP transgenic fish. In the olfactory bulb (I), some axons with strong GFP expression (green) are also labeled with Di8ANEPPQ (red; arrow), whereas others are not (arrowhead). (J) In this section through the olfactory epithelium, a GFP-expressing neuron was labeled with Di8ANEPPQ (arrow), whereas two others were not (arrowheads). (K) The olfactory pit of a fish transgenic for Rag1:GFP and omp:tauDsRed. GFP expressing cells (green) are distinct from those labeled with DsRed. Panels A, B, E, F and K are projections reconstructed from Z stacks. ob: olfactory bulb; op: olfactory pit. Bar = 20 μm (A, B, E, F, H, I, K); 50 μm (C, D,); 5 μm (G, J). |
PMC1186023_F2_2776.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Expression of Rag1 in zebrafish olfactory system. (A) At 22 hours post-fertilization, a few olfactory sensory neurons express GFP under the Rag1 promoter. (B) At 3 dpf, fluorescing axons have reached the bulb. A single target (arrowhead) is innervated by brightly labelled axons. (C, D) Frontal view of an 8-day old larva, with DiI labeling of olfactory sensory neurons (red) and Bodipy labeling of inter-cellular spaces (dim green). (C) A shallow section of the labelled forebrain, with DiI-labelled olfactory axons visible (arrows). In a deeper section (D) the GFP-containing axons (arrowhead) can be seen, along with other DiI-labelled axons (arrow). (E) Dorsal view of an isolated forebrain from a 4 day-old fish, showing the left olfactory bulb. Anterior is to the top and the midline is indicated by the dotted line. Strong GFP fluorescence is seen in axon terminals in a single region of the lateral bulb (arrowhead), while axons with lower levels of GFP innervate other regions of the lateral bulb (arrows). The inset shows one optical section, colour-coded according to fluorescence intensity. Termini with high (arrowhead) and low (arrow) intensity are indicated. (F) Frontal view of glomerular structures in the olfactory bulb of a 4-day fish, labelled with an antibody to synaptic vesicles. Only one lateral structure is innervated by OSNs with strong GFP expression (arrow). Lateral is to the left, while dorsal is to the top. (G) A single optical section through the glomerular target containing GFP-expressing neurons. The marker for synaptic vesicles (red) and GFP appear to co-localize, as indicate by the linescan. (H) An olfactory pit labeled with DiI. The GFP-expressing cells (green) have not taken up DiI (red). (I, J) A Di8ANEPPQ-labeled olfactory system of a Rag1:GFP transgenic fish. In the olfactory bulb (I), some axons with strong GFP expression (green) are also labeled with Di8ANEPPQ (red; arrow), whereas others are not (arrowhead). (J) In this section through the olfactory epithelium, a GFP-expressing neuron was labeled with Di8ANEPPQ (arrow), whereas two others were not (arrowheads). (K) The olfactory pit of a fish transgenic for Rag1:GFP and omp:tauDsRed. GFP expressing cells (green) are distinct from those labeled with DsRed. Panels A, B, E, F and K are projections reconstructed from Z stacks. ob: olfactory bulb; op: olfactory pit. Bar = 20 μm (A, B, E, F, H, I, K); 50 μm (C, D,); 5 μm (G, J). |
PMC1186023_F2_2781.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Expression of Rag1 in zebrafish olfactory system. (A) At 22 hours post-fertilization, a few olfactory sensory neurons express GFP under the Rag1 promoter. (B) At 3 dpf, fluorescing axons have reached the bulb. A single target (arrowhead) is innervated by brightly labelled axons. (C, D) Frontal view of an 8-day old larva, with DiI labeling of olfactory sensory neurons (red) and Bodipy labeling of inter-cellular spaces (dim green). (C) A shallow section of the labelled forebrain, with DiI-labelled olfactory axons visible (arrows). In a deeper section (D) the GFP-containing axons (arrowhead) can be seen, along with other DiI-labelled axons (arrow). (E) Dorsal view of an isolated forebrain from a 4 day-old fish, showing the left olfactory bulb. Anterior is to the top and the midline is indicated by the dotted line. Strong GFP fluorescence is seen in axon terminals in a single region of the lateral bulb (arrowhead), while axons with lower levels of GFP innervate other regions of the lateral bulb (arrows). The inset shows one optical section, colour-coded according to fluorescence intensity. Termini with high (arrowhead) and low (arrow) intensity are indicated. (F) Frontal view of glomerular structures in the olfactory bulb of a 4-day fish, labelled with an antibody to synaptic vesicles. Only one lateral structure is innervated by OSNs with strong GFP expression (arrow). Lateral is to the left, while dorsal is to the top. (G) A single optical section through the glomerular target containing GFP-expressing neurons. The marker for synaptic vesicles (red) and GFP appear to co-localize, as indicate by the linescan. (H) An olfactory pit labeled with DiI. The GFP-expressing cells (green) have not taken up DiI (red). (I, J) A Di8ANEPPQ-labeled olfactory system of a Rag1:GFP transgenic fish. In the olfactory bulb (I), some axons with strong GFP expression (green) are also labeled with Di8ANEPPQ (red; arrow), whereas others are not (arrowhead). (J) In this section through the olfactory epithelium, a GFP-expressing neuron was labeled with Di8ANEPPQ (arrow), whereas two others were not (arrowheads). (K) The olfactory pit of a fish transgenic for Rag1:GFP and omp:tauDsRed. GFP expressing cells (green) are distinct from those labeled with DsRed. Panels A, B, E, F and K are projections reconstructed from Z stacks. ob: olfactory bulb; op: olfactory pit. Bar = 20 μm (A, B, E, F, H, I, K); 50 μm (C, D,); 5 μm (G, J). |
PMC1186023_F2_2775.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Expression of Rag1 in zebrafish olfactory system. (A) At 22 hours post-fertilization, a few olfactory sensory neurons express GFP under the Rag1 promoter. (B) At 3 dpf, fluorescing axons have reached the bulb. A single target (arrowhead) is innervated by brightly labelled axons. (C, D) Frontal view of an 8-day old larva, with DiI labeling of olfactory sensory neurons (red) and Bodipy labeling of inter-cellular spaces (dim green). (C) A shallow section of the labelled forebrain, with DiI-labelled olfactory axons visible (arrows). In a deeper section (D) the GFP-containing axons (arrowhead) can be seen, along with other DiI-labelled axons (arrow). (E) Dorsal view of an isolated forebrain from a 4 day-old fish, showing the left olfactory bulb. Anterior is to the top and the midline is indicated by the dotted line. Strong GFP fluorescence is seen in axon terminals in a single region of the lateral bulb (arrowhead), while axons with lower levels of GFP innervate other regions of the lateral bulb (arrows). The inset shows one optical section, colour-coded according to fluorescence intensity. Termini with high (arrowhead) and low (arrow) intensity are indicated. (F) Frontal view of glomerular structures in the olfactory bulb of a 4-day fish, labelled with an antibody to synaptic vesicles. Only one lateral structure is innervated by OSNs with strong GFP expression (arrow). Lateral is to the left, while dorsal is to the top. (G) A single optical section through the glomerular target containing GFP-expressing neurons. The marker for synaptic vesicles (red) and GFP appear to co-localize, as indicate by the linescan. (H) An olfactory pit labeled with DiI. The GFP-expressing cells (green) have not taken up DiI (red). (I, J) A Di8ANEPPQ-labeled olfactory system of a Rag1:GFP transgenic fish. In the olfactory bulb (I), some axons with strong GFP expression (green) are also labeled with Di8ANEPPQ (red; arrow), whereas others are not (arrowhead). (J) In this section through the olfactory epithelium, a GFP-expressing neuron was labeled with Di8ANEPPQ (arrow), whereas two others were not (arrowheads). (K) The olfactory pit of a fish transgenic for Rag1:GFP and omp:tauDsRed. GFP expressing cells (green) are distinct from those labeled with DsRed. Panels A, B, E, F and K are projections reconstructed from Z stacks. ob: olfactory bulb; op: olfactory pit. Bar = 20 μm (A, B, E, F, H, I, K); 50 μm (C, D,); 5 μm (G, J). |
PMC1186023_F2_2771.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Expression of Rag1 in zebrafish olfactory system. (A) At 22 hours post-fertilization, a few olfactory sensory neurons express GFP under the Rag1 promoter. (B) At 3 dpf, fluorescing axons have reached the bulb. A single target (arrowhead) is innervated by brightly labelled axons. (C, D) Frontal view of an 8-day old larva, with DiI labeling of olfactory sensory neurons (red) and Bodipy labeling of inter-cellular spaces (dim green). (C) A shallow section of the labelled forebrain, with DiI-labelled olfactory axons visible (arrows). In a deeper section (D) the GFP-containing axons (arrowhead) can be seen, along with other DiI-labelled axons (arrow). (E) Dorsal view of an isolated forebrain from a 4 day-old fish, showing the left olfactory bulb. Anterior is to the top and the midline is indicated by the dotted line. Strong GFP fluorescence is seen in axon terminals in a single region of the lateral bulb (arrowhead), while axons with lower levels of GFP innervate other regions of the lateral bulb (arrows). The inset shows one optical section, colour-coded according to fluorescence intensity. Termini with high (arrowhead) and low (arrow) intensity are indicated. (F) Frontal view of glomerular structures in the olfactory bulb of a 4-day fish, labelled with an antibody to synaptic vesicles. Only one lateral structure is innervated by OSNs with strong GFP expression (arrow). Lateral is to the left, while dorsal is to the top. (G) A single optical section through the glomerular target containing GFP-expressing neurons. The marker for synaptic vesicles (red) and GFP appear to co-localize, as indicate by the linescan. (H) An olfactory pit labeled with DiI. The GFP-expressing cells (green) have not taken up DiI (red). (I, J) A Di8ANEPPQ-labeled olfactory system of a Rag1:GFP transgenic fish. In the olfactory bulb (I), some axons with strong GFP expression (green) are also labeled with Di8ANEPPQ (red; arrow), whereas others are not (arrowhead). (J) In this section through the olfactory epithelium, a GFP-expressing neuron was labeled with Di8ANEPPQ (arrow), whereas two others were not (arrowheads). (K) The olfactory pit of a fish transgenic for Rag1:GFP and omp:tauDsRed. GFP expressing cells (green) are distinct from those labeled with DsRed. Panels A, B, E, F and K are projections reconstructed from Z stacks. ob: olfactory bulb; op: olfactory pit. Bar = 20 μm (A, B, E, F, H, I, K); 50 μm (C, D,); 5 μm (G, J). |
PMC1186023_F2_2773.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Expression of Rag1 in zebrafish olfactory system. (A) At 22 hours post-fertilization, a few olfactory sensory neurons express GFP under the Rag1 promoter. (B) At 3 dpf, fluorescing axons have reached the bulb. A single target (arrowhead) is innervated by brightly labelled axons. (C, D) Frontal view of an 8-day old larva, with DiI labeling of olfactory sensory neurons (red) and Bodipy labeling of inter-cellular spaces (dim green). (C) A shallow section of the labelled forebrain, with DiI-labelled olfactory axons visible (arrows). In a deeper section (D) the GFP-containing axons (arrowhead) can be seen, along with other DiI-labelled axons (arrow). (E) Dorsal view of an isolated forebrain from a 4 day-old fish, showing the left olfactory bulb. Anterior is to the top and the midline is indicated by the dotted line. Strong GFP fluorescence is seen in axon terminals in a single region of the lateral bulb (arrowhead), while axons with lower levels of GFP innervate other regions of the lateral bulb (arrows). The inset shows one optical section, colour-coded according to fluorescence intensity. Termini with high (arrowhead) and low (arrow) intensity are indicated. (F) Frontal view of glomerular structures in the olfactory bulb of a 4-day fish, labelled with an antibody to synaptic vesicles. Only one lateral structure is innervated by OSNs with strong GFP expression (arrow). Lateral is to the left, while dorsal is to the top. (G) A single optical section through the glomerular target containing GFP-expressing neurons. The marker for synaptic vesicles (red) and GFP appear to co-localize, as indicate by the linescan. (H) An olfactory pit labeled with DiI. The GFP-expressing cells (green) have not taken up DiI (red). (I, J) A Di8ANEPPQ-labeled olfactory system of a Rag1:GFP transgenic fish. In the olfactory bulb (I), some axons with strong GFP expression (green) are also labeled with Di8ANEPPQ (red; arrow), whereas others are not (arrowhead). (J) In this section through the olfactory epithelium, a GFP-expressing neuron was labeled with Di8ANEPPQ (arrow), whereas two others were not (arrowheads). (K) The olfactory pit of a fish transgenic for Rag1:GFP and omp:tauDsRed. GFP expressing cells (green) are distinct from those labeled with DsRed. Panels A, B, E, F and K are projections reconstructed from Z stacks. ob: olfactory bulb; op: olfactory pit. Bar = 20 μm (A, B, E, F, H, I, K); 50 μm (C, D,); 5 μm (G, J). |
PMC1186023_F2_2777.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Expression of Rag1 in zebrafish olfactory system. (A) At 22 hours post-fertilization, a few olfactory sensory neurons express GFP under the Rag1 promoter. (B) At 3 dpf, fluorescing axons have reached the bulb. A single target (arrowhead) is innervated by brightly labelled axons. (C, D) Frontal view of an 8-day old larva, with DiI labeling of olfactory sensory neurons (red) and Bodipy labeling of inter-cellular spaces (dim green). (C) A shallow section of the labelled forebrain, with DiI-labelled olfactory axons visible (arrows). In a deeper section (D) the GFP-containing axons (arrowhead) can be seen, along with other DiI-labelled axons (arrow). (E) Dorsal view of an isolated forebrain from a 4 day-old fish, showing the left olfactory bulb. Anterior is to the top and the midline is indicated by the dotted line. Strong GFP fluorescence is seen in axon terminals in a single region of the lateral bulb (arrowhead), while axons with lower levels of GFP innervate other regions of the lateral bulb (arrows). The inset shows one optical section, colour-coded according to fluorescence intensity. Termini with high (arrowhead) and low (arrow) intensity are indicated. (F) Frontal view of glomerular structures in the olfactory bulb of a 4-day fish, labelled with an antibody to synaptic vesicles. Only one lateral structure is innervated by OSNs with strong GFP expression (arrow). Lateral is to the left, while dorsal is to the top. (G) A single optical section through the glomerular target containing GFP-expressing neurons. The marker for synaptic vesicles (red) and GFP appear to co-localize, as indicate by the linescan. (H) An olfactory pit labeled with DiI. The GFP-expressing cells (green) have not taken up DiI (red). (I, J) A Di8ANEPPQ-labeled olfactory system of a Rag1:GFP transgenic fish. In the olfactory bulb (I), some axons with strong GFP expression (green) are also labeled with Di8ANEPPQ (red; arrow), whereas others are not (arrowhead). (J) In this section through the olfactory epithelium, a GFP-expressing neuron was labeled with Di8ANEPPQ (arrow), whereas two others were not (arrowheads). (K) The olfactory pit of a fish transgenic for Rag1:GFP and omp:tauDsRed. GFP expressing cells (green) are distinct from those labeled with DsRed. Panels A, B, E, F and K are projections reconstructed from Z stacks. ob: olfactory bulb; op: olfactory pit. Bar = 20 μm (A, B, E, F, H, I, K); 50 μm (C, D,); 5 μm (G, J). |
PMC1186023_F2_2774.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Expression of Rag1 in zebrafish olfactory system. (A) At 22 hours post-fertilization, a few olfactory sensory neurons express GFP under the Rag1 promoter. (B) At 3 dpf, fluorescing axons have reached the bulb. A single target (arrowhead) is innervated by brightly labelled axons. (C, D) Frontal view of an 8-day old larva, with DiI labeling of olfactory sensory neurons (red) and Bodipy labeling of inter-cellular spaces (dim green). (C) A shallow section of the labelled forebrain, with DiI-labelled olfactory axons visible (arrows). In a deeper section (D) the GFP-containing axons (arrowhead) can be seen, along with other DiI-labelled axons (arrow). (E) Dorsal view of an isolated forebrain from a 4 day-old fish, showing the left olfactory bulb. Anterior is to the top and the midline is indicated by the dotted line. Strong GFP fluorescence is seen in axon terminals in a single region of the lateral bulb (arrowhead), while axons with lower levels of GFP innervate other regions of the lateral bulb (arrows). The inset shows one optical section, colour-coded according to fluorescence intensity. Termini with high (arrowhead) and low (arrow) intensity are indicated. (F) Frontal view of glomerular structures in the olfactory bulb of a 4-day fish, labelled with an antibody to synaptic vesicles. Only one lateral structure is innervated by OSNs with strong GFP expression (arrow). Lateral is to the left, while dorsal is to the top. (G) A single optical section through the glomerular target containing GFP-expressing neurons. The marker for synaptic vesicles (red) and GFP appear to co-localize, as indicate by the linescan. (H) An olfactory pit labeled with DiI. The GFP-expressing cells (green) have not taken up DiI (red). (I, J) A Di8ANEPPQ-labeled olfactory system of a Rag1:GFP transgenic fish. In the olfactory bulb (I), some axons with strong GFP expression (green) are also labeled with Di8ANEPPQ (red; arrow), whereas others are not (arrowhead). (J) In this section through the olfactory epithelium, a GFP-expressing neuron was labeled with Di8ANEPPQ (arrow), whereas two others were not (arrowheads). (K) The olfactory pit of a fish transgenic for Rag1:GFP and omp:tauDsRed. GFP expressing cells (green) are distinct from those labeled with DsRed. Panels A, B, E, F and K are projections reconstructed from Z stacks. ob: olfactory bulb; op: olfactory pit. Bar = 20 μm (A, B, E, F, H, I, K); 50 μm (C, D,); 5 μm (G, J). |
PMC1186023_F2_2778.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Expression of Rag1 in zebrafish olfactory system. (A) At 22 hours post-fertilization, a few olfactory sensory neurons express GFP under the Rag1 promoter. (B) At 3 dpf, fluorescing axons have reached the bulb. A single target (arrowhead) is innervated by brightly labelled axons. (C, D) Frontal view of an 8-day old larva, with DiI labeling of olfactory sensory neurons (red) and Bodipy labeling of inter-cellular spaces (dim green). (C) A shallow section of the labelled forebrain, with DiI-labelled olfactory axons visible (arrows). In a deeper section (D) the GFP-containing axons (arrowhead) can be seen, along with other DiI-labelled axons (arrow). (E) Dorsal view of an isolated forebrain from a 4 day-old fish, showing the left olfactory bulb. Anterior is to the top and the midline is indicated by the dotted line. Strong GFP fluorescence is seen in axon terminals in a single region of the lateral bulb (arrowhead), while axons with lower levels of GFP innervate other regions of the lateral bulb (arrows). The inset shows one optical section, colour-coded according to fluorescence intensity. Termini with high (arrowhead) and low (arrow) intensity are indicated. (F) Frontal view of glomerular structures in the olfactory bulb of a 4-day fish, labelled with an antibody to synaptic vesicles. Only one lateral structure is innervated by OSNs with strong GFP expression (arrow). Lateral is to the left, while dorsal is to the top. (G) A single optical section through the glomerular target containing GFP-expressing neurons. The marker for synaptic vesicles (red) and GFP appear to co-localize, as indicate by the linescan. (H) An olfactory pit labeled with DiI. The GFP-expressing cells (green) have not taken up DiI (red). (I, J) A Di8ANEPPQ-labeled olfactory system of a Rag1:GFP transgenic fish. In the olfactory bulb (I), some axons with strong GFP expression (green) are also labeled with Di8ANEPPQ (red; arrow), whereas others are not (arrowhead). (J) In this section through the olfactory epithelium, a GFP-expressing neuron was labeled with Di8ANEPPQ (arrow), whereas two others were not (arrowheads). (K) The olfactory pit of a fish transgenic for Rag1:GFP and omp:tauDsRed. GFP expressing cells (green) are distinct from those labeled with DsRed. Panels A, B, E, F and K are projections reconstructed from Z stacks. ob: olfactory bulb; op: olfactory pit. Bar = 20 μm (A, B, E, F, H, I, K); 50 μm (C, D,); 5 μm (G, J). |
PMC1186023_F2_2780.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Expression of Rag1 in zebrafish olfactory system. (A) At 22 hours post-fertilization, a few olfactory sensory neurons express GFP under the Rag1 promoter. (B) At 3 dpf, fluorescing axons have reached the bulb. A single target (arrowhead) is innervated by brightly labelled axons. (C, D) Frontal view of an 8-day old larva, with DiI labeling of olfactory sensory neurons (red) and Bodipy labeling of inter-cellular spaces (dim green). (C) A shallow section of the labelled forebrain, with DiI-labelled olfactory axons visible (arrows). In a deeper section (D) the GFP-containing axons (arrowhead) can be seen, along with other DiI-labelled axons (arrow). (E) Dorsal view of an isolated forebrain from a 4 day-old fish, showing the left olfactory bulb. Anterior is to the top and the midline is indicated by the dotted line. Strong GFP fluorescence is seen in axon terminals in a single region of the lateral bulb (arrowhead), while axons with lower levels of GFP innervate other regions of the lateral bulb (arrows). The inset shows one optical section, colour-coded according to fluorescence intensity. Termini with high (arrowhead) and low (arrow) intensity are indicated. (F) Frontal view of glomerular structures in the olfactory bulb of a 4-day fish, labelled with an antibody to synaptic vesicles. Only one lateral structure is innervated by OSNs with strong GFP expression (arrow). Lateral is to the left, while dorsal is to the top. (G) A single optical section through the glomerular target containing GFP-expressing neurons. The marker for synaptic vesicles (red) and GFP appear to co-localize, as indicate by the linescan. (H) An olfactory pit labeled with DiI. The GFP-expressing cells (green) have not taken up DiI (red). (I, J) A Di8ANEPPQ-labeled olfactory system of a Rag1:GFP transgenic fish. In the olfactory bulb (I), some axons with strong GFP expression (green) are also labeled with Di8ANEPPQ (red; arrow), whereas others are not (arrowhead). (J) In this section through the olfactory epithelium, a GFP-expressing neuron was labeled with Di8ANEPPQ (arrow), whereas two others were not (arrowheads). (K) The olfactory pit of a fish transgenic for Rag1:GFP and omp:tauDsRed. GFP expressing cells (green) are distinct from those labeled with DsRed. Panels A, B, E, F and K are projections reconstructed from Z stacks. ob: olfactory bulb; op: olfactory pit. Bar = 20 μm (A, B, E, F, H, I, K); 50 μm (C, D,); 5 μm (G, J). |
PMC1186732_pgen-0010011-g007_2782.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | The rd7 Mutant Retina Contains a Morphologically Hybrid Photoreceptor Cell Type in Addition to Supernumerary S-Opsin–Positive Cones(A and B) Toluidine blue-stained semi-thin sections of the outer nuclear layer (scleral edge oriented up).(C and D) Hand-drawn diagrams of the cells in (A) and (B), respectively. Cells with the nuclear features of cones are highlighted in blue. Note that the number of such cells is greater in the mutant, and their cell bodies are scattered throughout the outer nuclear layer. In addition, the overall columnar architecture of the outer nuclear layer seen in the wild type is disrupted in this portion of the mutant retina. Other portions of the mutant retina with fewer supernumerary cone cells, however, retain the normal columnar appearance (unpublished data).(E and F) Images of the outer nuclear layer (scleral edge up) stained by in situ hybridization for S-opsin. Note the typical pattern of staining at the scleral edge of the outer nuclear layer in the wild type. The rd7 mutant retina shows supernumerary S-opsin–positive cells scattered throughout the outer nuclear layer in a distribution very similar to the supernumerary cone cells seen in (B). Since images (E) and (F) derive from different retinas than those depicted in (A) and (B), the location of the individual cells do not correspond.(G and H) Electron micrographs of the outer nuclear layer (10,000× magnification). Note the uniform distribution of rod cell bodies in the wild type (G). The cell bodies are nearly round and consist almost exclusively of a nucleus with a single, dense mass of heterochromatin. In the rd7 mutant (H), two types of cell are shown. The ovoid one with a lesser quantity of heterochromatin, paler euchromatin, and two juxtanuclear mitochondria (yellow arrow) represents a typical cone cell body. The adjacent cell with a more “rod-like” mass of heterochromatin and a single juxtanuclear mitochondrion (red arrow) represents one of the hybrid photoreceptors discussed more fully in the main text. |
PMC1186732_pgen-0010011-g007_2787.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | The rd7 Mutant Retina Contains a Morphologically Hybrid Photoreceptor Cell Type in Addition to Supernumerary S-Opsin–Positive Cones(A and B) Toluidine blue-stained semi-thin sections of the outer nuclear layer (scleral edge oriented up).(C and D) Hand-drawn diagrams of the cells in (A) and (B), respectively. Cells with the nuclear features of cones are highlighted in blue. Note that the number of such cells is greater in the mutant, and their cell bodies are scattered throughout the outer nuclear layer. In addition, the overall columnar architecture of the outer nuclear layer seen in the wild type is disrupted in this portion of the mutant retina. Other portions of the mutant retina with fewer supernumerary cone cells, however, retain the normal columnar appearance (unpublished data).(E and F) Images of the outer nuclear layer (scleral edge up) stained by in situ hybridization for S-opsin. Note the typical pattern of staining at the scleral edge of the outer nuclear layer in the wild type. The rd7 mutant retina shows supernumerary S-opsin–positive cells scattered throughout the outer nuclear layer in a distribution very similar to the supernumerary cone cells seen in (B). Since images (E) and (F) derive from different retinas than those depicted in (A) and (B), the location of the individual cells do not correspond.(G and H) Electron micrographs of the outer nuclear layer (10,000× magnification). Note the uniform distribution of rod cell bodies in the wild type (G). The cell bodies are nearly round and consist almost exclusively of a nucleus with a single, dense mass of heterochromatin. In the rd7 mutant (H), two types of cell are shown. The ovoid one with a lesser quantity of heterochromatin, paler euchromatin, and two juxtanuclear mitochondria (yellow arrow) represents a typical cone cell body. The adjacent cell with a more “rod-like” mass of heterochromatin and a single juxtanuclear mitochondrion (red arrow) represents one of the hybrid photoreceptors discussed more fully in the main text. |
PMC1186732_pgen-0010011-g007_2789.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | The rd7 Mutant Retina Contains a Morphologically Hybrid Photoreceptor Cell Type in Addition to Supernumerary S-Opsin–Positive Cones(A and B) Toluidine blue-stained semi-thin sections of the outer nuclear layer (scleral edge oriented up).(C and D) Hand-drawn diagrams of the cells in (A) and (B), respectively. Cells with the nuclear features of cones are highlighted in blue. Note that the number of such cells is greater in the mutant, and their cell bodies are scattered throughout the outer nuclear layer. In addition, the overall columnar architecture of the outer nuclear layer seen in the wild type is disrupted in this portion of the mutant retina. Other portions of the mutant retina with fewer supernumerary cone cells, however, retain the normal columnar appearance (unpublished data).(E and F) Images of the outer nuclear layer (scleral edge up) stained by in situ hybridization for S-opsin. Note the typical pattern of staining at the scleral edge of the outer nuclear layer in the wild type. The rd7 mutant retina shows supernumerary S-opsin–positive cells scattered throughout the outer nuclear layer in a distribution very similar to the supernumerary cone cells seen in (B). Since images (E) and (F) derive from different retinas than those depicted in (A) and (B), the location of the individual cells do not correspond.(G and H) Electron micrographs of the outer nuclear layer (10,000× magnification). Note the uniform distribution of rod cell bodies in the wild type (G). The cell bodies are nearly round and consist almost exclusively of a nucleus with a single, dense mass of heterochromatin. In the rd7 mutant (H), two types of cell are shown. The ovoid one with a lesser quantity of heterochromatin, paler euchromatin, and two juxtanuclear mitochondria (yellow arrow) represents a typical cone cell body. The adjacent cell with a more “rod-like” mass of heterochromatin and a single juxtanuclear mitochondrion (red arrow) represents one of the hybrid photoreceptors discussed more fully in the main text. |
PMC1186732_pgen-0010011-g007_2783.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | The rd7 Mutant Retina Contains a Morphologically Hybrid Photoreceptor Cell Type in Addition to Supernumerary S-Opsin–Positive Cones(A and B) Toluidine blue-stained semi-thin sections of the outer nuclear layer (scleral edge oriented up).(C and D) Hand-drawn diagrams of the cells in (A) and (B), respectively. Cells with the nuclear features of cones are highlighted in blue. Note that the number of such cells is greater in the mutant, and their cell bodies are scattered throughout the outer nuclear layer. In addition, the overall columnar architecture of the outer nuclear layer seen in the wild type is disrupted in this portion of the mutant retina. Other portions of the mutant retina with fewer supernumerary cone cells, however, retain the normal columnar appearance (unpublished data).(E and F) Images of the outer nuclear layer (scleral edge up) stained by in situ hybridization for S-opsin. Note the typical pattern of staining at the scleral edge of the outer nuclear layer in the wild type. The rd7 mutant retina shows supernumerary S-opsin–positive cells scattered throughout the outer nuclear layer in a distribution very similar to the supernumerary cone cells seen in (B). Since images (E) and (F) derive from different retinas than those depicted in (A) and (B), the location of the individual cells do not correspond.(G and H) Electron micrographs of the outer nuclear layer (10,000× magnification). Note the uniform distribution of rod cell bodies in the wild type (G). The cell bodies are nearly round and consist almost exclusively of a nucleus with a single, dense mass of heterochromatin. In the rd7 mutant (H), two types of cell are shown. The ovoid one with a lesser quantity of heterochromatin, paler euchromatin, and two juxtanuclear mitochondria (yellow arrow) represents a typical cone cell body. The adjacent cell with a more “rod-like” mass of heterochromatin and a single juxtanuclear mitochondrion (red arrow) represents one of the hybrid photoreceptors discussed more fully in the main text. |
PMC1186732_pgen-0010011-g007_2785.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | The rd7 Mutant Retina Contains a Morphologically Hybrid Photoreceptor Cell Type in Addition to Supernumerary S-Opsin–Positive Cones(A and B) Toluidine blue-stained semi-thin sections of the outer nuclear layer (scleral edge oriented up).(C and D) Hand-drawn diagrams of the cells in (A) and (B), respectively. Cells with the nuclear features of cones are highlighted in blue. Note that the number of such cells is greater in the mutant, and their cell bodies are scattered throughout the outer nuclear layer. In addition, the overall columnar architecture of the outer nuclear layer seen in the wild type is disrupted in this portion of the mutant retina. Other portions of the mutant retina with fewer supernumerary cone cells, however, retain the normal columnar appearance (unpublished data).(E and F) Images of the outer nuclear layer (scleral edge up) stained by in situ hybridization for S-opsin. Note the typical pattern of staining at the scleral edge of the outer nuclear layer in the wild type. The rd7 mutant retina shows supernumerary S-opsin–positive cells scattered throughout the outer nuclear layer in a distribution very similar to the supernumerary cone cells seen in (B). Since images (E) and (F) derive from different retinas than those depicted in (A) and (B), the location of the individual cells do not correspond.(G and H) Electron micrographs of the outer nuclear layer (10,000× magnification). Note the uniform distribution of rod cell bodies in the wild type (G). The cell bodies are nearly round and consist almost exclusively of a nucleus with a single, dense mass of heterochromatin. In the rd7 mutant (H), two types of cell are shown. The ovoid one with a lesser quantity of heterochromatin, paler euchromatin, and two juxtanuclear mitochondria (yellow arrow) represents a typical cone cell body. The adjacent cell with a more “rod-like” mass of heterochromatin and a single juxtanuclear mitochondrion (red arrow) represents one of the hybrid photoreceptors discussed more fully in the main text. |
PMC1186732_pgen-0010011-g007_2786.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | The rd7 Mutant Retina Contains a Morphologically Hybrid Photoreceptor Cell Type in Addition to Supernumerary S-Opsin–Positive Cones(A and B) Toluidine blue-stained semi-thin sections of the outer nuclear layer (scleral edge oriented up).(C and D) Hand-drawn diagrams of the cells in (A) and (B), respectively. Cells with the nuclear features of cones are highlighted in blue. Note that the number of such cells is greater in the mutant, and their cell bodies are scattered throughout the outer nuclear layer. In addition, the overall columnar architecture of the outer nuclear layer seen in the wild type is disrupted in this portion of the mutant retina. Other portions of the mutant retina with fewer supernumerary cone cells, however, retain the normal columnar appearance (unpublished data).(E and F) Images of the outer nuclear layer (scleral edge up) stained by in situ hybridization for S-opsin. Note the typical pattern of staining at the scleral edge of the outer nuclear layer in the wild type. The rd7 mutant retina shows supernumerary S-opsin–positive cells scattered throughout the outer nuclear layer in a distribution very similar to the supernumerary cone cells seen in (B). Since images (E) and (F) derive from different retinas than those depicted in (A) and (B), the location of the individual cells do not correspond.(G and H) Electron micrographs of the outer nuclear layer (10,000× magnification). Note the uniform distribution of rod cell bodies in the wild type (G). The cell bodies are nearly round and consist almost exclusively of a nucleus with a single, dense mass of heterochromatin. In the rd7 mutant (H), two types of cell are shown. The ovoid one with a lesser quantity of heterochromatin, paler euchromatin, and two juxtanuclear mitochondria (yellow arrow) represents a typical cone cell body. The adjacent cell with a more “rod-like” mass of heterochromatin and a single juxtanuclear mitochondrion (red arrow) represents one of the hybrid photoreceptors discussed more fully in the main text. |
PMC1186732_pgen-0010011-g007_2788.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | The rd7 Mutant Retina Contains a Morphologically Hybrid Photoreceptor Cell Type in Addition to Supernumerary S-Opsin–Positive Cones(A and B) Toluidine blue-stained semi-thin sections of the outer nuclear layer (scleral edge oriented up).(C and D) Hand-drawn diagrams of the cells in (A) and (B), respectively. Cells with the nuclear features of cones are highlighted in blue. Note that the number of such cells is greater in the mutant, and their cell bodies are scattered throughout the outer nuclear layer. In addition, the overall columnar architecture of the outer nuclear layer seen in the wild type is disrupted in this portion of the mutant retina. Other portions of the mutant retina with fewer supernumerary cone cells, however, retain the normal columnar appearance (unpublished data).(E and F) Images of the outer nuclear layer (scleral edge up) stained by in situ hybridization for S-opsin. Note the typical pattern of staining at the scleral edge of the outer nuclear layer in the wild type. The rd7 mutant retina shows supernumerary S-opsin–positive cells scattered throughout the outer nuclear layer in a distribution very similar to the supernumerary cone cells seen in (B). Since images (E) and (F) derive from different retinas than those depicted in (A) and (B), the location of the individual cells do not correspond.(G and H) Electron micrographs of the outer nuclear layer (10,000× magnification). Note the uniform distribution of rod cell bodies in the wild type (G). The cell bodies are nearly round and consist almost exclusively of a nucleus with a single, dense mass of heterochromatin. In the rd7 mutant (H), two types of cell are shown. The ovoid one with a lesser quantity of heterochromatin, paler euchromatin, and two juxtanuclear mitochondria (yellow arrow) represents a typical cone cell body. The adjacent cell with a more “rod-like” mass of heterochromatin and a single juxtanuclear mitochondrion (red arrow) represents one of the hybrid photoreceptors discussed more fully in the main text. |
PMC1187886_F2_2790.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Endoscopic biopsy of ileum showing distinct eosinophilic infiltration (haematoxylin and eosin ×100). |
PMC1187923_F1_2793.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Principle of Physical Disector. Electron micrographs showing sets of two parallel sections (~100 nm thick) of an alveolar epithelial type II cell. Three lamellar bodies (arrowheads), which only occur in the sampling section, were counted as well as one lamellar body (arrow) seen in the reference section, because the principle of bidirectional counting was applied. Nucleus (N), nucleolus (Nu), lamellar body (Lb), capillary (Ca). |
PMC1187923_F1_2792.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Principle of Physical Disector. Electron micrographs showing sets of two parallel sections (~100 nm thick) of an alveolar epithelial type II cell. Three lamellar bodies (arrowheads), which only occur in the sampling section, were counted as well as one lamellar body (arrow) seen in the reference section, because the principle of bidirectional counting was applied. Nucleus (N), nucleolus (Nu), lamellar body (Lb), capillary (Ca). |
PMC1187928_F1_2798.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | CT Scan showing a large solid left neck mass, with extension to the mediastinum and displacement of the trachea, oesophagus and great vessels. |
PMC1187928_F2_2794.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Sestamibi scintigraphy: diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland associated with irregular uptake of the radionuclide. |
PMC1187928_F2_2795.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Sestamibi scintigraphy: diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland associated with irregular uptake of the radionuclide. |
PMC1187928_F2_2796.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Sestamibi scintigraphy: diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland associated with irregular uptake of the radionuclide. |
PMC1187929_F1_2799.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | CT scan showing left adrenal gland tumor 10 cm in diameter, having homogenous intensity. No liver lesion is visualized. |
PMC1187929_F1_2800.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | CT scan showing left adrenal gland tumor 10 cm in diameter, having homogenous intensity. No liver lesion is visualized. |
PMC1187929_F3_2801.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Hyperdense lesions of the liver in the arterial phase of the CT scan. |
PMC1188067_F1_2812.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Distribution of CX3CL1 mRNA expressing cells in the normal rat brain. Coronal sections sampled at regular intervals throughout the rostro-caudal extent of the normal rat brain hybridized with a 35S-labeled antisense-CRNA probe encoding rat CX3CL1. Cells expressing mRNA encoding the chemokine are visualized as accumulations of white silver grain in this microscopic darkfield illumination at low magnification. The letters in each subfigure refer to the approximate levels according to the Paxinos stereotaxic brain atlas [61]. The highest levels of CX3CL1 mRNA were detected exclusively within the grey matter of the cerebral cortex (A:a, B:a, C:a, D:a), hippocampus (C:b), septum (B:c), thalamus (C:d) and striatum (B:e). Medium to low level expression was detected in the hypothalamus (C:f), pons (E:g), mesencephalon (D:h), medulla oblongata (not shown) and spinal cord (F:i). The cerebellum (E:j) was devoid of CX3CL1 expression, except for a low level of expression in the deep cerebellar nuclei. Parallel sections hybridized with a sense-transcribed CX3CL1 cRNA probe of equal specific activity did not reveal signals above background levels. |
PMC1188067_F1_2811.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Distribution of CX3CL1 mRNA expressing cells in the normal rat brain. Coronal sections sampled at regular intervals throughout the rostro-caudal extent of the normal rat brain hybridized with a 35S-labeled antisense-CRNA probe encoding rat CX3CL1. Cells expressing mRNA encoding the chemokine are visualized as accumulations of white silver grain in this microscopic darkfield illumination at low magnification. The letters in each subfigure refer to the approximate levels according to the Paxinos stereotaxic brain atlas [61]. The highest levels of CX3CL1 mRNA were detected exclusively within the grey matter of the cerebral cortex (A:a, B:a, C:a, D:a), hippocampus (C:b), septum (B:c), thalamus (C:d) and striatum (B:e). Medium to low level expression was detected in the hypothalamus (C:f), pons (E:g), mesencephalon (D:h), medulla oblongata (not shown) and spinal cord (F:i). The cerebellum (E:j) was devoid of CX3CL1 expression, except for a low level of expression in the deep cerebellar nuclei. Parallel sections hybridized with a sense-transcribed CX3CL1 cRNA probe of equal specific activity did not reveal signals above background levels. |
PMC1188067_F1_2808.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Distribution of CX3CL1 mRNA expressing cells in the normal rat brain. Coronal sections sampled at regular intervals throughout the rostro-caudal extent of the normal rat brain hybridized with a 35S-labeled antisense-CRNA probe encoding rat CX3CL1. Cells expressing mRNA encoding the chemokine are visualized as accumulations of white silver grain in this microscopic darkfield illumination at low magnification. The letters in each subfigure refer to the approximate levels according to the Paxinos stereotaxic brain atlas [61]. The highest levels of CX3CL1 mRNA were detected exclusively within the grey matter of the cerebral cortex (A:a, B:a, C:a, D:a), hippocampus (C:b), septum (B:c), thalamus (C:d) and striatum (B:e). Medium to low level expression was detected in the hypothalamus (C:f), pons (E:g), mesencephalon (D:h), medulla oblongata (not shown) and spinal cord (F:i). The cerebellum (E:j) was devoid of CX3CL1 expression, except for a low level of expression in the deep cerebellar nuclei. Parallel sections hybridized with a sense-transcribed CX3CL1 cRNA probe of equal specific activity did not reveal signals above background levels. |
PMC1188067_F1_2813.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Distribution of CX3CL1 mRNA expressing cells in the normal rat brain. Coronal sections sampled at regular intervals throughout the rostro-caudal extent of the normal rat brain hybridized with a 35S-labeled antisense-CRNA probe encoding rat CX3CL1. Cells expressing mRNA encoding the chemokine are visualized as accumulations of white silver grain in this microscopic darkfield illumination at low magnification. The letters in each subfigure refer to the approximate levels according to the Paxinos stereotaxic brain atlas [61]. The highest levels of CX3CL1 mRNA were detected exclusively within the grey matter of the cerebral cortex (A:a, B:a, C:a, D:a), hippocampus (C:b), septum (B:c), thalamus (C:d) and striatum (B:e). Medium to low level expression was detected in the hypothalamus (C:f), pons (E:g), mesencephalon (D:h), medulla oblongata (not shown) and spinal cord (F:i). The cerebellum (E:j) was devoid of CX3CL1 expression, except for a low level of expression in the deep cerebellar nuclei. Parallel sections hybridized with a sense-transcribed CX3CL1 cRNA probe of equal specific activity did not reveal signals above background levels. |
PMC1188067_F1_2810.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Distribution of CX3CL1 mRNA expressing cells in the normal rat brain. Coronal sections sampled at regular intervals throughout the rostro-caudal extent of the normal rat brain hybridized with a 35S-labeled antisense-CRNA probe encoding rat CX3CL1. Cells expressing mRNA encoding the chemokine are visualized as accumulations of white silver grain in this microscopic darkfield illumination at low magnification. The letters in each subfigure refer to the approximate levels according to the Paxinos stereotaxic brain atlas [61]. The highest levels of CX3CL1 mRNA were detected exclusively within the grey matter of the cerebral cortex (A:a, B:a, C:a, D:a), hippocampus (C:b), septum (B:c), thalamus (C:d) and striatum (B:e). Medium to low level expression was detected in the hypothalamus (C:f), pons (E:g), mesencephalon (D:h), medulla oblongata (not shown) and spinal cord (F:i). The cerebellum (E:j) was devoid of CX3CL1 expression, except for a low level of expression in the deep cerebellar nuclei. Parallel sections hybridized with a sense-transcribed CX3CL1 cRNA probe of equal specific activity did not reveal signals above background levels. |
PMC1188067_F1_2809.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Distribution of CX3CL1 mRNA expressing cells in the normal rat brain. Coronal sections sampled at regular intervals throughout the rostro-caudal extent of the normal rat brain hybridized with a 35S-labeled antisense-CRNA probe encoding rat CX3CL1. Cells expressing mRNA encoding the chemokine are visualized as accumulations of white silver grain in this microscopic darkfield illumination at low magnification. The letters in each subfigure refer to the approximate levels according to the Paxinos stereotaxic brain atlas [61]. The highest levels of CX3CL1 mRNA were detected exclusively within the grey matter of the cerebral cortex (A:a, B:a, C:a, D:a), hippocampus (C:b), septum (B:c), thalamus (C:d) and striatum (B:e). Medium to low level expression was detected in the hypothalamus (C:f), pons (E:g), mesencephalon (D:h), medulla oblongata (not shown) and spinal cord (F:i). The cerebellum (E:j) was devoid of CX3CL1 expression, except for a low level of expression in the deep cerebellar nuclei. Parallel sections hybridized with a sense-transcribed CX3CL1 cRNA probe of equal specific activity did not reveal signals above background levels. |
PMC1188067_F3_2803.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Distribution of CX3CR1 mRNA expressing cells in spinal cord of EAE rats. In situ hybridization with a radiolabeled antisense cRNA probe encoding rat CX3CR1 to coronal sections from the lumbar segment of spinal cord of rats with MOG-EAE. Cells expressing CX3CR1 mRNA are visualized by darkfield illumination of the photoemulsion-dipped slides. |
PMC1188067_F3_2804.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Distribution of CX3CR1 mRNA expressing cells in spinal cord of EAE rats. In situ hybridization with a radiolabeled antisense cRNA probe encoding rat CX3CR1 to coronal sections from the lumbar segment of spinal cord of rats with MOG-EAE. Cells expressing CX3CR1 mRNA are visualized by darkfield illumination of the photoemulsion-dipped slides. |
PMC1188067_F3_2807.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Distribution of CX3CR1 mRNA expressing cells in spinal cord of EAE rats. In situ hybridization with a radiolabeled antisense cRNA probe encoding rat CX3CR1 to coronal sections from the lumbar segment of spinal cord of rats with MOG-EAE. Cells expressing CX3CR1 mRNA are visualized by darkfield illumination of the photoemulsion-dipped slides. |
PMC1188067_F3_2802.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Distribution of CX3CR1 mRNA expressing cells in spinal cord of EAE rats. In situ hybridization with a radiolabeled antisense cRNA probe encoding rat CX3CR1 to coronal sections from the lumbar segment of spinal cord of rats with MOG-EAE. Cells expressing CX3CR1 mRNA are visualized by darkfield illumination of the photoemulsion-dipped slides. |
PMC1188067_F3_2806.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Distribution of CX3CR1 mRNA expressing cells in spinal cord of EAE rats. In situ hybridization with a radiolabeled antisense cRNA probe encoding rat CX3CR1 to coronal sections from the lumbar segment of spinal cord of rats with MOG-EAE. Cells expressing CX3CR1 mRNA are visualized by darkfield illumination of the photoemulsion-dipped slides. |
PMC1188067_F3_2805.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Distribution of CX3CR1 mRNA expressing cells in spinal cord of EAE rats. In situ hybridization with a radiolabeled antisense cRNA probe encoding rat CX3CR1 to coronal sections from the lumbar segment of spinal cord of rats with MOG-EAE. Cells expressing CX3CR1 mRNA are visualized by darkfield illumination of the photoemulsion-dipped slides. |
PMC1188082_F7_2827.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Effect of Stat 1 on innate resistance to HSV-1. Wild-type (strain 129) mice, rag2-/- mice, stat1-/- mice, and rag2-/-stat1-/- mice were inoculated with 2 × 105 pfu/eye of HSV-1 strain KOS-GFP. A. Eyes of KOS-GFP-infected mice on days 1, 2, 3, and 4 p.i (4× magnification, illuminated with 360–400 nm light which excites GFP). A representative mouse from each group was sequentially imaged on days 1 through 4 p.i. B. Replication of HSV-1 strain KOS-GFP in the eyes of mice (mean ± SEM; n= 6; dashed line denotes lower limit of detection). Asterisks denote times at which stat1-/- mice shed more virus than stat1+/+ mice (p < 0.05, ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc t-test). C. Duration of survival of HSV-1 infected mice (n = 6 per group). |
PMC1188082_F7_2820.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Effect of Stat 1 on innate resistance to HSV-1. Wild-type (strain 129) mice, rag2-/- mice, stat1-/- mice, and rag2-/-stat1-/- mice were inoculated with 2 × 105 pfu/eye of HSV-1 strain KOS-GFP. A. Eyes of KOS-GFP-infected mice on days 1, 2, 3, and 4 p.i (4× magnification, illuminated with 360–400 nm light which excites GFP). A representative mouse from each group was sequentially imaged on days 1 through 4 p.i. B. Replication of HSV-1 strain KOS-GFP in the eyes of mice (mean ± SEM; n= 6; dashed line denotes lower limit of detection). Asterisks denote times at which stat1-/- mice shed more virus than stat1+/+ mice (p < 0.05, ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc t-test). C. Duration of survival of HSV-1 infected mice (n = 6 per group). |
PMC1188082_F7_2821.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Effect of Stat 1 on innate resistance to HSV-1. Wild-type (strain 129) mice, rag2-/- mice, stat1-/- mice, and rag2-/-stat1-/- mice were inoculated with 2 × 105 pfu/eye of HSV-1 strain KOS-GFP. A. Eyes of KOS-GFP-infected mice on days 1, 2, 3, and 4 p.i (4× magnification, illuminated with 360–400 nm light which excites GFP). A representative mouse from each group was sequentially imaged on days 1 through 4 p.i. B. Replication of HSV-1 strain KOS-GFP in the eyes of mice (mean ± SEM; n= 6; dashed line denotes lower limit of detection). Asterisks denote times at which stat1-/- mice shed more virus than stat1+/+ mice (p < 0.05, ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc t-test). C. Duration of survival of HSV-1 infected mice (n = 6 per group). |
PMC1188082_F7_2825.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Effect of Stat 1 on innate resistance to HSV-1. Wild-type (strain 129) mice, rag2-/- mice, stat1-/- mice, and rag2-/-stat1-/- mice were inoculated with 2 × 105 pfu/eye of HSV-1 strain KOS-GFP. A. Eyes of KOS-GFP-infected mice on days 1, 2, 3, and 4 p.i (4× magnification, illuminated with 360–400 nm light which excites GFP). A representative mouse from each group was sequentially imaged on days 1 through 4 p.i. B. Replication of HSV-1 strain KOS-GFP in the eyes of mice (mean ± SEM; n= 6; dashed line denotes lower limit of detection). Asterisks denote times at which stat1-/- mice shed more virus than stat1+/+ mice (p < 0.05, ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc t-test). C. Duration of survival of HSV-1 infected mice (n = 6 per group). |
PMC1188082_F7_2818.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Effect of Stat 1 on innate resistance to HSV-1. Wild-type (strain 129) mice, rag2-/- mice, stat1-/- mice, and rag2-/-stat1-/- mice were inoculated with 2 × 105 pfu/eye of HSV-1 strain KOS-GFP. A. Eyes of KOS-GFP-infected mice on days 1, 2, 3, and 4 p.i (4× magnification, illuminated with 360–400 nm light which excites GFP). A representative mouse from each group was sequentially imaged on days 1 through 4 p.i. B. Replication of HSV-1 strain KOS-GFP in the eyes of mice (mean ± SEM; n= 6; dashed line denotes lower limit of detection). Asterisks denote times at which stat1-/- mice shed more virus than stat1+/+ mice (p < 0.05, ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc t-test). C. Duration of survival of HSV-1 infected mice (n = 6 per group). |
PMC1188082_F7_2826.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Effect of Stat 1 on innate resistance to HSV-1. Wild-type (strain 129) mice, rag2-/- mice, stat1-/- mice, and rag2-/-stat1-/- mice were inoculated with 2 × 105 pfu/eye of HSV-1 strain KOS-GFP. A. Eyes of KOS-GFP-infected mice on days 1, 2, 3, and 4 p.i (4× magnification, illuminated with 360–400 nm light which excites GFP). A representative mouse from each group was sequentially imaged on days 1 through 4 p.i. B. Replication of HSV-1 strain KOS-GFP in the eyes of mice (mean ± SEM; n= 6; dashed line denotes lower limit of detection). Asterisks denote times at which stat1-/- mice shed more virus than stat1+/+ mice (p < 0.05, ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc t-test). C. Duration of survival of HSV-1 infected mice (n = 6 per group). |
PMC1188082_F7_2824.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Effect of Stat 1 on innate resistance to HSV-1. Wild-type (strain 129) mice, rag2-/- mice, stat1-/- mice, and rag2-/-stat1-/- mice were inoculated with 2 × 105 pfu/eye of HSV-1 strain KOS-GFP. A. Eyes of KOS-GFP-infected mice on days 1, 2, 3, and 4 p.i (4× magnification, illuminated with 360–400 nm light which excites GFP). A representative mouse from each group was sequentially imaged on days 1 through 4 p.i. B. Replication of HSV-1 strain KOS-GFP in the eyes of mice (mean ± SEM; n= 6; dashed line denotes lower limit of detection). Asterisks denote times at which stat1-/- mice shed more virus than stat1+/+ mice (p < 0.05, ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc t-test). C. Duration of survival of HSV-1 infected mice (n = 6 per group). |
PMC1188082_F7_2815.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Effect of Stat 1 on innate resistance to HSV-1. Wild-type (strain 129) mice, rag2-/- mice, stat1-/- mice, and rag2-/-stat1-/- mice were inoculated with 2 × 105 pfu/eye of HSV-1 strain KOS-GFP. A. Eyes of KOS-GFP-infected mice on days 1, 2, 3, and 4 p.i (4× magnification, illuminated with 360–400 nm light which excites GFP). A representative mouse from each group was sequentially imaged on days 1 through 4 p.i. B. Replication of HSV-1 strain KOS-GFP in the eyes of mice (mean ± SEM; n= 6; dashed line denotes lower limit of detection). Asterisks denote times at which stat1-/- mice shed more virus than stat1+/+ mice (p < 0.05, ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc t-test). C. Duration of survival of HSV-1 infected mice (n = 6 per group). |
PMC1188082_F7_2822.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Effect of Stat 1 on innate resistance to HSV-1. Wild-type (strain 129) mice, rag2-/- mice, stat1-/- mice, and rag2-/-stat1-/- mice were inoculated with 2 × 105 pfu/eye of HSV-1 strain KOS-GFP. A. Eyes of KOS-GFP-infected mice on days 1, 2, 3, and 4 p.i (4× magnification, illuminated with 360–400 nm light which excites GFP). A representative mouse from each group was sequentially imaged on days 1 through 4 p.i. B. Replication of HSV-1 strain KOS-GFP in the eyes of mice (mean ± SEM; n= 6; dashed line denotes lower limit of detection). Asterisks denote times at which stat1-/- mice shed more virus than stat1+/+ mice (p < 0.05, ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc t-test). C. Duration of survival of HSV-1 infected mice (n = 6 per group). |
PMC1188082_F7_2823.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Effect of Stat 1 on innate resistance to HSV-1. Wild-type (strain 129) mice, rag2-/- mice, stat1-/- mice, and rag2-/-stat1-/- mice were inoculated with 2 × 105 pfu/eye of HSV-1 strain KOS-GFP. A. Eyes of KOS-GFP-infected mice on days 1, 2, 3, and 4 p.i (4× magnification, illuminated with 360–400 nm light which excites GFP). A representative mouse from each group was sequentially imaged on days 1 through 4 p.i. B. Replication of HSV-1 strain KOS-GFP in the eyes of mice (mean ± SEM; n= 6; dashed line denotes lower limit of detection). Asterisks denote times at which stat1-/- mice shed more virus than stat1+/+ mice (p < 0.05, ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc t-test). C. Duration of survival of HSV-1 infected mice (n = 6 per group). |
PMC1188082_F7_2816.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Effect of Stat 1 on innate resistance to HSV-1. Wild-type (strain 129) mice, rag2-/- mice, stat1-/- mice, and rag2-/-stat1-/- mice were inoculated with 2 × 105 pfu/eye of HSV-1 strain KOS-GFP. A. Eyes of KOS-GFP-infected mice on days 1, 2, 3, and 4 p.i (4× magnification, illuminated with 360–400 nm light which excites GFP). A representative mouse from each group was sequentially imaged on days 1 through 4 p.i. B. Replication of HSV-1 strain KOS-GFP in the eyes of mice (mean ± SEM; n= 6; dashed line denotes lower limit of detection). Asterisks denote times at which stat1-/- mice shed more virus than stat1+/+ mice (p < 0.05, ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc t-test). C. Duration of survival of HSV-1 infected mice (n = 6 per group). |
PMC1188239_pbio-0030299-g007_2830.jpg | What is shown in this image? | SPM Maps of Brain Regions Showing Changes in Regional CMRglc during Performance of DMS Task for Normal Vehicle and Normal + CX717 Conditions(A–E) Maps are shown for the comparison of CMRglc during DMS performance in the normal vehicle to the baseline, no-task condition. CMRglc was significantly increased during normal vehicle condition compared to baseline, no-task condition.(F–H) Maps are shown for the comparison of CMRglc during DMS performance in the normal + CX717 condition to normal vehicle condition. CMRglc was increased following the administration of CX717 (0.8 mg/kg, IV) as compared to normal vehicle condition (C–E).Regional changes are displayed on both horizontal section (A) and coronal sections (B–H) of MR images of rhesus monkey brain at the level of the motor and premotor cortex (A and B), DPFC (C and F), MTL (D and G), and parietal cortex (E and H). Statistical parametric maps were generated using SPM99 software. Colors indicate the location of clusters with a height (magnitude) threshold of p < 0.05 and spatial extent greater than 50 voxels. Color bar indicates t values for the comparisons (red, t = 2.0, p < 0.05; yellow, t = 5.0, p < 0.001). Note: left and right half of hemisphere are shown on left and right of images respectively. Area 6, premotor cortex; Cere, cerebellum; FEF, frontal eye fields; Prec, precuneus; S1, primary somatosensory cortex.DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030299g007 |
PMC1188239_pbio-0030299-g007_2832.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | SPM Maps of Brain Regions Showing Changes in Regional CMRglc during Performance of DMS Task for Normal Vehicle and Normal + CX717 Conditions(A–E) Maps are shown for the comparison of CMRglc during DMS performance in the normal vehicle to the baseline, no-task condition. CMRglc was significantly increased during normal vehicle condition compared to baseline, no-task condition.(F–H) Maps are shown for the comparison of CMRglc during DMS performance in the normal + CX717 condition to normal vehicle condition. CMRglc was increased following the administration of CX717 (0.8 mg/kg, IV) as compared to normal vehicle condition (C–E).Regional changes are displayed on both horizontal section (A) and coronal sections (B–H) of MR images of rhesus monkey brain at the level of the motor and premotor cortex (A and B), DPFC (C and F), MTL (D and G), and parietal cortex (E and H). Statistical parametric maps were generated using SPM99 software. Colors indicate the location of clusters with a height (magnitude) threshold of p < 0.05 and spatial extent greater than 50 voxels. Color bar indicates t values for the comparisons (red, t = 2.0, p < 0.05; yellow, t = 5.0, p < 0.001). Note: left and right half of hemisphere are shown on left and right of images respectively. Area 6, premotor cortex; Cere, cerebellum; FEF, frontal eye fields; Prec, precuneus; S1, primary somatosensory cortex.DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030299g007 |
PMC1188239_pbio-0030299-g007_2835.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | SPM Maps of Brain Regions Showing Changes in Regional CMRglc during Performance of DMS Task for Normal Vehicle and Normal + CX717 Conditions(A–E) Maps are shown for the comparison of CMRglc during DMS performance in the normal vehicle to the baseline, no-task condition. CMRglc was significantly increased during normal vehicle condition compared to baseline, no-task condition.(F–H) Maps are shown for the comparison of CMRglc during DMS performance in the normal + CX717 condition to normal vehicle condition. CMRglc was increased following the administration of CX717 (0.8 mg/kg, IV) as compared to normal vehicle condition (C–E).Regional changes are displayed on both horizontal section (A) and coronal sections (B–H) of MR images of rhesus monkey brain at the level of the motor and premotor cortex (A and B), DPFC (C and F), MTL (D and G), and parietal cortex (E and H). Statistical parametric maps were generated using SPM99 software. Colors indicate the location of clusters with a height (magnitude) threshold of p < 0.05 and spatial extent greater than 50 voxels. Color bar indicates t values for the comparisons (red, t = 2.0, p < 0.05; yellow, t = 5.0, p < 0.001). Note: left and right half of hemisphere are shown on left and right of images respectively. Area 6, premotor cortex; Cere, cerebellum; FEF, frontal eye fields; Prec, precuneus; S1, primary somatosensory cortex.DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030299g007 |
PMC1188239_pbio-0030299-g007_2834.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | SPM Maps of Brain Regions Showing Changes in Regional CMRglc during Performance of DMS Task for Normal Vehicle and Normal + CX717 Conditions(A–E) Maps are shown for the comparison of CMRglc during DMS performance in the normal vehicle to the baseline, no-task condition. CMRglc was significantly increased during normal vehicle condition compared to baseline, no-task condition.(F–H) Maps are shown for the comparison of CMRglc during DMS performance in the normal + CX717 condition to normal vehicle condition. CMRglc was increased following the administration of CX717 (0.8 mg/kg, IV) as compared to normal vehicle condition (C–E).Regional changes are displayed on both horizontal section (A) and coronal sections (B–H) of MR images of rhesus monkey brain at the level of the motor and premotor cortex (A and B), DPFC (C and F), MTL (D and G), and parietal cortex (E and H). Statistical parametric maps were generated using SPM99 software. Colors indicate the location of clusters with a height (magnitude) threshold of p < 0.05 and spatial extent greater than 50 voxels. Color bar indicates t values for the comparisons (red, t = 2.0, p < 0.05; yellow, t = 5.0, p < 0.001). Note: left and right half of hemisphere are shown on left and right of images respectively. Area 6, premotor cortex; Cere, cerebellum; FEF, frontal eye fields; Prec, precuneus; S1, primary somatosensory cortex.DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030299g007 |
PMC1188239_pbio-0030299-g007_2829.jpg | What is shown in this image? | SPM Maps of Brain Regions Showing Changes in Regional CMRglc during Performance of DMS Task for Normal Vehicle and Normal + CX717 Conditions(A–E) Maps are shown for the comparison of CMRglc during DMS performance in the normal vehicle to the baseline, no-task condition. CMRglc was significantly increased during normal vehicle condition compared to baseline, no-task condition.(F–H) Maps are shown for the comparison of CMRglc during DMS performance in the normal + CX717 condition to normal vehicle condition. CMRglc was increased following the administration of CX717 (0.8 mg/kg, IV) as compared to normal vehicle condition (C–E).Regional changes are displayed on both horizontal section (A) and coronal sections (B–H) of MR images of rhesus monkey brain at the level of the motor and premotor cortex (A and B), DPFC (C and F), MTL (D and G), and parietal cortex (E and H). Statistical parametric maps were generated using SPM99 software. Colors indicate the location of clusters with a height (magnitude) threshold of p < 0.05 and spatial extent greater than 50 voxels. Color bar indicates t values for the comparisons (red, t = 2.0, p < 0.05; yellow, t = 5.0, p < 0.001). Note: left and right half of hemisphere are shown on left and right of images respectively. Area 6, premotor cortex; Cere, cerebellum; FEF, frontal eye fields; Prec, precuneus; S1, primary somatosensory cortex.DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030299g007 |
PMC1188239_pbio-0030299-g007_2831.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | SPM Maps of Brain Regions Showing Changes in Regional CMRglc during Performance of DMS Task for Normal Vehicle and Normal + CX717 Conditions(A–E) Maps are shown for the comparison of CMRglc during DMS performance in the normal vehicle to the baseline, no-task condition. CMRglc was significantly increased during normal vehicle condition compared to baseline, no-task condition.(F–H) Maps are shown for the comparison of CMRglc during DMS performance in the normal + CX717 condition to normal vehicle condition. CMRglc was increased following the administration of CX717 (0.8 mg/kg, IV) as compared to normal vehicle condition (C–E).Regional changes are displayed on both horizontal section (A) and coronal sections (B–H) of MR images of rhesus monkey brain at the level of the motor and premotor cortex (A and B), DPFC (C and F), MTL (D and G), and parietal cortex (E and H). Statistical parametric maps were generated using SPM99 software. Colors indicate the location of clusters with a height (magnitude) threshold of p < 0.05 and spatial extent greater than 50 voxels. Color bar indicates t values for the comparisons (red, t = 2.0, p < 0.05; yellow, t = 5.0, p < 0.001). Note: left and right half of hemisphere are shown on left and right of images respectively. Area 6, premotor cortex; Cere, cerebellum; FEF, frontal eye fields; Prec, precuneus; S1, primary somatosensory cortex.DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030299g007 |
PMC1188244_pbio-0030333-g003_2836.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Collecting Valuable Data from a Sedated PantherAfter ensuring a panther has survived the ordeal of treeing and capture unscathed, a team of state and federal wildlife biologists examines the cat and collects samples for laboratory analysis. Cats are also dewormed and vaccinated. A saline drip keeps the animal hydrated while the team collects skin for genetic analysis, hair to measure mercury exposure, and blood to check for diseases. The FWS fears that a recent outbreak of feline leukemia in the Okaloacoochee Slough population could trigger accelerated extinction.(Photo: US Fish and Wildlife Service) |
PMC1189072_pgen-0010019-g003_2853.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Patterning of the Branchial Arches in a 5-Mo-Old dre Mutant(A and B) The strict organization of the brachial arch into primary (p) and secondary (s) lamellae in a wild-type situation (100× magnification). Higher magnification shows stacks of single chondrocytes in the primary lamellae.(C and D) Sectioning of a dre mutant shows disturbed patterning, resulting in the absence of secondary lamellae and the presence of foci of chondrocyte-like cells in the primary lamellae (arrowsHE, hematoxylin and eosin stain; wt, wild-type.(E and F) Alcian Blue staining reveals the presence of differentiated chondrocytes in the wild-type (wt) primary lamellae, but not in the dre mutant, indicating that the differentiation of these chondrocytes is affected (200×).(G and H) Branchial arches of uki and lep mutants appear to be wild-type (wt). |
PMC1189072_pgen-0010019-g003_2847.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Patterning of the Branchial Arches in a 5-Mo-Old dre Mutant(A and B) The strict organization of the brachial arch into primary (p) and secondary (s) lamellae in a wild-type situation (100× magnification). Higher magnification shows stacks of single chondrocytes in the primary lamellae.(C and D) Sectioning of a dre mutant shows disturbed patterning, resulting in the absence of secondary lamellae and the presence of foci of chondrocyte-like cells in the primary lamellae (arrowsHE, hematoxylin and eosin stain; wt, wild-type.(E and F) Alcian Blue staining reveals the presence of differentiated chondrocytes in the wild-type (wt) primary lamellae, but not in the dre mutant, indicating that the differentiation of these chondrocytes is affected (200×).(G and H) Branchial arches of uki and lep mutants appear to be wild-type (wt). |
PMC1189072_pgen-0010019-g003_2854.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Patterning of the Branchial Arches in a 5-Mo-Old dre Mutant(A and B) The strict organization of the brachial arch into primary (p) and secondary (s) lamellae in a wild-type situation (100× magnification). Higher magnification shows stacks of single chondrocytes in the primary lamellae.(C and D) Sectioning of a dre mutant shows disturbed patterning, resulting in the absence of secondary lamellae and the presence of foci of chondrocyte-like cells in the primary lamellae (arrowsHE, hematoxylin and eosin stain; wt, wild-type.(E and F) Alcian Blue staining reveals the presence of differentiated chondrocytes in the wild-type (wt) primary lamellae, but not in the dre mutant, indicating that the differentiation of these chondrocytes is affected (200×).(G and H) Branchial arches of uki and lep mutants appear to be wild-type (wt). |
PMC1189072_pgen-0010019-g003_2851.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Patterning of the Branchial Arches in a 5-Mo-Old dre Mutant(A and B) The strict organization of the brachial arch into primary (p) and secondary (s) lamellae in a wild-type situation (100× magnification). Higher magnification shows stacks of single chondrocytes in the primary lamellae.(C and D) Sectioning of a dre mutant shows disturbed patterning, resulting in the absence of secondary lamellae and the presence of foci of chondrocyte-like cells in the primary lamellae (arrowsHE, hematoxylin and eosin stain; wt, wild-type.(E and F) Alcian Blue staining reveals the presence of differentiated chondrocytes in the wild-type (wt) primary lamellae, but not in the dre mutant, indicating that the differentiation of these chondrocytes is affected (200×).(G and H) Branchial arches of uki and lep mutants appear to be wild-type (wt). |
PMC1189072_pgen-0010019-g003_2848.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Patterning of the Branchial Arches in a 5-Mo-Old dre Mutant(A and B) The strict organization of the brachial arch into primary (p) and secondary (s) lamellae in a wild-type situation (100× magnification). Higher magnification shows stacks of single chondrocytes in the primary lamellae.(C and D) Sectioning of a dre mutant shows disturbed patterning, resulting in the absence of secondary lamellae and the presence of foci of chondrocyte-like cells in the primary lamellae (arrowsHE, hematoxylin and eosin stain; wt, wild-type.(E and F) Alcian Blue staining reveals the presence of differentiated chondrocytes in the wild-type (wt) primary lamellae, but not in the dre mutant, indicating that the differentiation of these chondrocytes is affected (200×).(G and H) Branchial arches of uki and lep mutants appear to be wild-type (wt). |
PMC1189072_pgen-0010019-g003_2852.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Patterning of the Branchial Arches in a 5-Mo-Old dre Mutant(A and B) The strict organization of the brachial arch into primary (p) and secondary (s) lamellae in a wild-type situation (100× magnification). Higher magnification shows stacks of single chondrocytes in the primary lamellae.(C and D) Sectioning of a dre mutant shows disturbed patterning, resulting in the absence of secondary lamellae and the presence of foci of chondrocyte-like cells in the primary lamellae (arrowsHE, hematoxylin and eosin stain; wt, wild-type.(E and F) Alcian Blue staining reveals the presence of differentiated chondrocytes in the wild-type (wt) primary lamellae, but not in the dre mutant, indicating that the differentiation of these chondrocytes is affected (200×).(G and H) Branchial arches of uki and lep mutants appear to be wild-type (wt). |
PMC1189072_pgen-0010019-g005_2842.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | MO Injection Experiments against Su(fu), Hip, and Ptc2(A) Dorsal view of the eye showing the lens in the eye chamber.(B–D) Dorsal view of embryos injected with the indicated MOs, resulting in a phenocopy of dre, uki, and lep mutants.(E) A wild-type ear showing the presence of the dorsolateral septum (arrow), which is not present after injections with the indicated MOs (F–H, arrow).(I) Injections with control MOs against the initiation codon of Su(fu) results in chevron-shaped somites with an angle of 97°.(J) Injection of MOs against Su(fu) results in a more obtuse angle of the somite (126°). |
PMC1189072_pgen-0010019-g005_2837.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | MO Injection Experiments against Su(fu), Hip, and Ptc2(A) Dorsal view of the eye showing the lens in the eye chamber.(B–D) Dorsal view of embryos injected with the indicated MOs, resulting in a phenocopy of dre, uki, and lep mutants.(E) A wild-type ear showing the presence of the dorsolateral septum (arrow), which is not present after injections with the indicated MOs (F–H, arrow).(I) Injections with control MOs against the initiation codon of Su(fu) results in chevron-shaped somites with an angle of 97°.(J) Injection of MOs against Su(fu) results in a more obtuse angle of the somite (126°). |
PMC1189072_pgen-0010019-g005_2838.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | MO Injection Experiments against Su(fu), Hip, and Ptc2(A) Dorsal view of the eye showing the lens in the eye chamber.(B–D) Dorsal view of embryos injected with the indicated MOs, resulting in a phenocopy of dre, uki, and lep mutants.(E) A wild-type ear showing the presence of the dorsolateral septum (arrow), which is not present after injections with the indicated MOs (F–H, arrow).(I) Injections with control MOs against the initiation codon of Su(fu) results in chevron-shaped somites with an angle of 97°.(J) Injection of MOs against Su(fu) results in a more obtuse angle of the somite (126°). |
PMC1189072_pgen-0010019-g005_2844.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | MO Injection Experiments against Su(fu), Hip, and Ptc2(A) Dorsal view of the eye showing the lens in the eye chamber.(B–D) Dorsal view of embryos injected with the indicated MOs, resulting in a phenocopy of dre, uki, and lep mutants.(E) A wild-type ear showing the presence of the dorsolateral septum (arrow), which is not present after injections with the indicated MOs (F–H, arrow).(I) Injections with control MOs against the initiation codon of Su(fu) results in chevron-shaped somites with an angle of 97°.(J) Injection of MOs against Su(fu) results in a more obtuse angle of the somite (126°). |
PMC1189072_pgen-0010019-g005_2840.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | MO Injection Experiments against Su(fu), Hip, and Ptc2(A) Dorsal view of the eye showing the lens in the eye chamber.(B–D) Dorsal view of embryos injected with the indicated MOs, resulting in a phenocopy of dre, uki, and lep mutants.(E) A wild-type ear showing the presence of the dorsolateral septum (arrow), which is not present after injections with the indicated MOs (F–H, arrow).(I) Injections with control MOs against the initiation codon of Su(fu) results in chevron-shaped somites with an angle of 97°.(J) Injection of MOs against Su(fu) results in a more obtuse angle of the somite (126°). |
PMC1189072_pgen-0010019-g005_2843.jpg | What is shown in this image? | MO Injection Experiments against Su(fu), Hip, and Ptc2(A) Dorsal view of the eye showing the lens in the eye chamber.(B–D) Dorsal view of embryos injected with the indicated MOs, resulting in a phenocopy of dre, uki, and lep mutants.(E) A wild-type ear showing the presence of the dorsolateral septum (arrow), which is not present after injections with the indicated MOs (F–H, arrow).(I) Injections with control MOs against the initiation codon of Su(fu) results in chevron-shaped somites with an angle of 97°.(J) Injection of MOs against Su(fu) results in a more obtuse angle of the somite (126°). |
PMC1189072_pgen-0010019-g005_2841.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | MO Injection Experiments against Su(fu), Hip, and Ptc2(A) Dorsal view of the eye showing the lens in the eye chamber.(B–D) Dorsal view of embryos injected with the indicated MOs, resulting in a phenocopy of dre, uki, and lep mutants.(E) A wild-type ear showing the presence of the dorsolateral septum (arrow), which is not present after injections with the indicated MOs (F–H, arrow).(I) Injections with control MOs against the initiation codon of Su(fu) results in chevron-shaped somites with an angle of 97°.(J) Injection of MOs against Su(fu) results in a more obtuse angle of the somite (126°). |
PMC1189073_pgen-0010020-g002_2855.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Anatomy and Histology of Mouse Kidneys(A) Gross anatomy of an affected mouse (8-mo-old male). This shows the enlargement and cystic dilatation of the renal pelvis. There is thinning of the overlying renal parenchyma imparting a translucent appearance to portions of the kidney and collecting system. The bladder is also dilated.(B) Left kidney from mutant mouse (right) shown in (A) compared to a kidney from an age-sex matched unaffected littermate (left).(C) Hematoxylin and eosin stained section of ureter from a mutant mouse, showing normal histology despite bloating of the kidney.(D) Hematoxylin and eosin stained histologic section of a kidney from a 4-wk-old female mutant mouse. The mutant kidney shows marked dilatation of the renal pelvis with blunting of the papilla. There is preservation of the cortex and medulla. |
PMC1189073_pgen-0010020-g002_2858.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Anatomy and Histology of Mouse Kidneys(A) Gross anatomy of an affected mouse (8-mo-old male). This shows the enlargement and cystic dilatation of the renal pelvis. There is thinning of the overlying renal parenchyma imparting a translucent appearance to portions of the kidney and collecting system. The bladder is also dilated.(B) Left kidney from mutant mouse (right) shown in (A) compared to a kidney from an age-sex matched unaffected littermate (left).(C) Hematoxylin and eosin stained section of ureter from a mutant mouse, showing normal histology despite bloating of the kidney.(D) Hematoxylin and eosin stained histologic section of a kidney from a 4-wk-old female mutant mouse. The mutant kidney shows marked dilatation of the renal pelvis with blunting of the papilla. There is preservation of the cortex and medulla. |
PMC1189073_pgen-0010020-g002_2856.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Anatomy and Histology of Mouse Kidneys(A) Gross anatomy of an affected mouse (8-mo-old male). This shows the enlargement and cystic dilatation of the renal pelvis. There is thinning of the overlying renal parenchyma imparting a translucent appearance to portions of the kidney and collecting system. The bladder is also dilated.(B) Left kidney from mutant mouse (right) shown in (A) compared to a kidney from an age-sex matched unaffected littermate (left).(C) Hematoxylin and eosin stained section of ureter from a mutant mouse, showing normal histology despite bloating of the kidney.(D) Hematoxylin and eosin stained histologic section of a kidney from a 4-wk-old female mutant mouse. The mutant kidney shows marked dilatation of the renal pelvis with blunting of the papilla. There is preservation of the cortex and medulla. |
PMC1189073_pgen-0010020-g002_2857.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Anatomy and Histology of Mouse Kidneys(A) Gross anatomy of an affected mouse (8-mo-old male). This shows the enlargement and cystic dilatation of the renal pelvis. There is thinning of the overlying renal parenchyma imparting a translucent appearance to portions of the kidney and collecting system. The bladder is also dilated.(B) Left kidney from mutant mouse (right) shown in (A) compared to a kidney from an age-sex matched unaffected littermate (left).(C) Hematoxylin and eosin stained section of ureter from a mutant mouse, showing normal histology despite bloating of the kidney.(D) Hematoxylin and eosin stained histologic section of a kidney from a 4-wk-old female mutant mouse. The mutant kidney shows marked dilatation of the renal pelvis with blunting of the papilla. There is preservation of the cortex and medulla. |
PMC1189073_pgen-0010020-g004_2860.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | AQP2 Subcellular Localization and Translocation in Mouse Kidney Collecting Ducts and MDCK Cell Lines(A) Immunohistochemistry on collecting ducts in kidney sections from an AQP2-F204V mutant (Mut) mouse and an age-sex matched wild-type (WT) littermate. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with PBS (NT) or dDAVP before sacrificing and fixation of the kidneys. Kidneys sections were immunostained for AQP2 (red) and the basolateral marker AQP3 (green). The images were merged and an area of the cytoplasm was magnified (zoom). Note that mutant AQP2 is not properly localized to the subapical compartment, nor does it respond to dDAVP.(B) MDCK cell lines, stably transfected with constructs encoding mouse WT or AQP2-F204V, were treated with and without 150 μM forskolin for 90 min, after which cells were fixed, permeabilized, and subjected to immunocytochemistry. AQP2 is shown in green, and the basolateral marker Na+/K+-ATPase is shown in red, alongside the nuclear stain DAPI. The z-profile images were reconstructed from multiple z-sections, along the dotted line. Mutant AQP2 fails to localize to the cell surface upon forskolin stimulation. Rather, the perinuclear staining is consistent with an ER localization of mutant AQP2.(C) The MDCK cell line expressing AQP2-F204V was grown on fibronectin-coated coverslips until tight junctions formed, at which point the cells were treated with 150 μM forskolin for 90 min. Cells were fixed, permeabilized, and sequentially immunoblotted for AQP2 (green) and calnexin (red), an ER marker. The merged image shows that AQP2-F204V colocalizes with the endoplasmic reticulum marker. Scale bar refers to 10 μm. |
PMC1189073_pgen-0010020-g004_2859.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | AQP2 Subcellular Localization and Translocation in Mouse Kidney Collecting Ducts and MDCK Cell Lines(A) Immunohistochemistry on collecting ducts in kidney sections from an AQP2-F204V mutant (Mut) mouse and an age-sex matched wild-type (WT) littermate. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with PBS (NT) or dDAVP before sacrificing and fixation of the kidneys. Kidneys sections were immunostained for AQP2 (red) and the basolateral marker AQP3 (green). The images were merged and an area of the cytoplasm was magnified (zoom). Note that mutant AQP2 is not properly localized to the subapical compartment, nor does it respond to dDAVP.(B) MDCK cell lines, stably transfected with constructs encoding mouse WT or AQP2-F204V, were treated with and without 150 μM forskolin for 90 min, after which cells were fixed, permeabilized, and subjected to immunocytochemistry. AQP2 is shown in green, and the basolateral marker Na+/K+-ATPase is shown in red, alongside the nuclear stain DAPI. The z-profile images were reconstructed from multiple z-sections, along the dotted line. Mutant AQP2 fails to localize to the cell surface upon forskolin stimulation. Rather, the perinuclear staining is consistent with an ER localization of mutant AQP2.(C) The MDCK cell line expressing AQP2-F204V was grown on fibronectin-coated coverslips until tight junctions formed, at which point the cells were treated with 150 μM forskolin for 90 min. Cells were fixed, permeabilized, and sequentially immunoblotted for AQP2 (green) and calnexin (red), an ER marker. The merged image shows that AQP2-F204V colocalizes with the endoplasmic reticulum marker. Scale bar refers to 10 μm. |
PMC1190152_F5_2862.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Protection of the binding site for I-concanolide A by plecomacrolidic antibiotics. Tricine-SDS-PAGE gels. Lane 1, stained with Coomassie Blue; lane 2–8, autoradiography of the gel after exposition to a phosphoscreen. Samples of 20 μg V-ATPase were preincubated for 60 min on ice with 100 μM or 10 μM bafilomycin B1 (lanes 3 and 4), 100 μM or 10 μM apicularen A (lanes 5 and 6) and 100 μM or 10 μM archazolid (lanes 7 and 8), respectively. I-concanolide A was then added to give a final concentration of 10 μM. The mixture was incubated for another 60 min on ice and then treated with UV light. Control with pre-incubation, but without effectors (lane 2). |
PMC1190161_F5_2864.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Electrical lesions. Histological verification of electrode locations A/B show Nissl stained 42 μm frontal sections. (A) Two lesions (L1/L2) caused by repeated electrical stimulation through chronically implanted electrodes placed into vocally active sites within the PAG. AQ, aqueduct; B, boundary between PAG and surrounding tissue. (B) Electrically induced lesion (L) 400 μm below the location of the iontophoresis probes in the PLA. Due to the 400 μm offset of the lesion below the PLA the function of the PLA during further experiments was not influenced. CER, cerebellum; LL, lateral lemniscus; 4V, 4th ventricle. |
PMC1190161_F5_2863.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Electrical lesions. Histological verification of electrode locations A/B show Nissl stained 42 μm frontal sections. (A) Two lesions (L1/L2) caused by repeated electrical stimulation through chronically implanted electrodes placed into vocally active sites within the PAG. AQ, aqueduct; B, boundary between PAG and surrounding tissue. (B) Electrically induced lesion (L) 400 μm below the location of the iontophoresis probes in the PLA. Due to the 400 μm offset of the lesion below the PLA the function of the PLA during further experiments was not influenced. CER, cerebellum; LL, lateral lemniscus; 4V, 4th ventricle. |
PMC1190164_F7_2869.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Planning example: Upper left : Sentinel lymph nodes left internal iliac (2), right internal iliac (1), perirectal on an axial SPECT image (prone position). Upper middle: IMRT planning: sentinel node localisations and second order PTV are outlined (prone position). The 95% isodose curve is shaped green. Upper right : 3D-CRT planning (four-field-box): sentinel node localisations and second order PTV are outlined (prone position). The 95% isodose curve is shaped green. Lower left: Dose-volume-histogram IMRT. Lower right: Dose-volume-histogram 3D-CRT |
PMC1190164_F7_2870.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Planning example: Upper left : Sentinel lymph nodes left internal iliac (2), right internal iliac (1), perirectal on an axial SPECT image (prone position). Upper middle: IMRT planning: sentinel node localisations and second order PTV are outlined (prone position). The 95% isodose curve is shaped green. Upper right : 3D-CRT planning (four-field-box): sentinel node localisations and second order PTV are outlined (prone position). The 95% isodose curve is shaped green. Lower left: Dose-volume-histogram IMRT. Lower right: Dose-volume-histogram 3D-CRT |
PMC1190164_F7_2871.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Planning example: Upper left : Sentinel lymph nodes left internal iliac (2), right internal iliac (1), perirectal on an axial SPECT image (prone position). Upper middle: IMRT planning: sentinel node localisations and second order PTV are outlined (prone position). The 95% isodose curve is shaped green. Upper right : 3D-CRT planning (four-field-box): sentinel node localisations and second order PTV are outlined (prone position). The 95% isodose curve is shaped green. Lower left: Dose-volume-histogram IMRT. Lower right: Dose-volume-histogram 3D-CRT |
PMC1190165_F2_2865.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Plain skull x-ray film showing an irregular lytic lesion of the right parietal lobe. |
PMC1190165_F3_2867.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | T1 weighted MRI of brain before (figure 3A) and after Gadolinium contrast enhancement (figure 3B>), showing a metastatic deposit involving the right frontal bone with a large extracranial soft tissue component and meningeal invasion. |
PMC1190165_F3_2866.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | T1 weighted MRI of brain before (figure 3A) and after Gadolinium contrast enhancement (figure 3B>), showing a metastatic deposit involving the right frontal bone with a large extracranial soft tissue component and meningeal invasion. |
PMC1190175_F6_2877.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Confocal microscopy on rat paws. The sections are doubly labeled with anti- IP-10 and IL-8 mAbs revealed by FITC- (green) or TRITC- (red) conjugated secondary Abs respectively. Merged Free Projection Max of images seriesshows cytokine expression after saline (a), carrageenan (b), carrageenan+oATP local treatment (c), carrageenan+oATP intravenous treatment (d), local oATP treatment (e), intravenous oATPtreatment (f). Nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue) (original magnification 400x). Notice thepresence of activated cells in the derma in b and f, the endoluminal signal in dermal small vessels(a, c, e) and the absence of cytokine labeling in d (original magnification 400x). |
PMC1190175_F6_2876.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Confocal microscopy on rat paws. The sections are doubly labeled with anti- IP-10 and IL-8 mAbs revealed by FITC- (green) or TRITC- (red) conjugated secondary Abs respectively. Merged Free Projection Max of images seriesshows cytokine expression after saline (a), carrageenan (b), carrageenan+oATP local treatment (c), carrageenan+oATP intravenous treatment (d), local oATP treatment (e), intravenous oATPtreatment (f). Nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue) (original magnification 400x). Notice thepresence of activated cells in the derma in b and f, the endoluminal signal in dermal small vessels(a, c, e) and the absence of cytokine labeling in d (original magnification 400x). |
PMC1190175_F6_2872.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Confocal microscopy on rat paws. The sections are doubly labeled with anti- IP-10 and IL-8 mAbs revealed by FITC- (green) or TRITC- (red) conjugated secondary Abs respectively. Merged Free Projection Max of images seriesshows cytokine expression after saline (a), carrageenan (b), carrageenan+oATP local treatment (c), carrageenan+oATP intravenous treatment (d), local oATP treatment (e), intravenous oATPtreatment (f). Nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue) (original magnification 400x). Notice thepresence of activated cells in the derma in b and f, the endoluminal signal in dermal small vessels(a, c, e) and the absence of cytokine labeling in d (original magnification 400x). |
PMC1190175_F6_2873.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Confocal microscopy on rat paws. The sections are doubly labeled with anti- IP-10 and IL-8 mAbs revealed by FITC- (green) or TRITC- (red) conjugated secondary Abs respectively. Merged Free Projection Max of images seriesshows cytokine expression after saline (a), carrageenan (b), carrageenan+oATP local treatment (c), carrageenan+oATP intravenous treatment (d), local oATP treatment (e), intravenous oATPtreatment (f). Nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue) (original magnification 400x). Notice thepresence of activated cells in the derma in b and f, the endoluminal signal in dermal small vessels(a, c, e) and the absence of cytokine labeling in d (original magnification 400x). |
PMC1190175_F6_2874.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Confocal microscopy on rat paws. The sections are doubly labeled with anti- IP-10 and IL-8 mAbs revealed by FITC- (green) or TRITC- (red) conjugated secondary Abs respectively. Merged Free Projection Max of images seriesshows cytokine expression after saline (a), carrageenan (b), carrageenan+oATP local treatment (c), carrageenan+oATP intravenous treatment (d), local oATP treatment (e), intravenous oATPtreatment (f). Nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue) (original magnification 400x). Notice thepresence of activated cells in the derma in b and f, the endoluminal signal in dermal small vessels(a, c, e) and the absence of cytokine labeling in d (original magnification 400x). |
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