image stringlengths 20 66 | question stringclasses 16
values | answer stringlengths 3 10.7k |
|---|---|---|
PMC1175070_F1_2456.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Tumor cell diapedesis through human microvascular endothelial cell (HMVEC) monolayers. HBL100 cells were pre-labeled with dioctadecyl-3, 3,3', 3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine percholate (DiI; red), co-cultured with HMVEC monolayers for various time periods, fixed with paraformaldehyde and labeled for F-actin (green). Optical sections obtained by laser scanning confocal microscopy at the focal levels indicated in (a,e,i) identified three major stages of diapedesis: round on top of (a-d), migrating through (e-h), or located underneath (i-l) the endothelium. (b) Cells round on top had filopodial extensions present on the apical surface of a cell (arrows). (g) Thick bundles of F-actin were present at the interface between endothelial cells and the migrating tumor cell (arrow). (h) Migrating tumor cells with portions spread underneath the endothelium (arrows) and (i) those that completed diapedesis often contained prominent stress fibers underneath the endothelium (arrows). No major morphological differences between wild-type and connexin43 (Cx43) expressing HBL100 cells were observed. Bar = 10 μm. |
PMC1175070_F1_2458.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Tumor cell diapedesis through human microvascular endothelial cell (HMVEC) monolayers. HBL100 cells were pre-labeled with dioctadecyl-3, 3,3', 3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine percholate (DiI; red), co-cultured with HMVEC monolayers for various time periods, fixed with paraformaldehyde and labeled for F-actin (green). Optical sections obtained by laser scanning confocal microscopy at the focal levels indicated in (a,e,i) identified three major stages of diapedesis: round on top of (a-d), migrating through (e-h), or located underneath (i-l) the endothelium. (b) Cells round on top had filopodial extensions present on the apical surface of a cell (arrows). (g) Thick bundles of F-actin were present at the interface between endothelial cells and the migrating tumor cell (arrow). (h) Migrating tumor cells with portions spread underneath the endothelium (arrows) and (i) those that completed diapedesis often contained prominent stress fibers underneath the endothelium (arrows). No major morphological differences between wild-type and connexin43 (Cx43) expressing HBL100 cells were observed. Bar = 10 μm. |
PMC1175083_F3_2472.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Immunohistochemical detection of MMP11 and MMP12 by cervical tissue microarrays. A) Breast cancer sample (as positive control for MMP11 staining), B) negative control; a CC sample without primary antibody, C) one normal cervical tissue showing negative staining for MMP11, D) LSIL which presents positive immunostaining for MMP11, E) HSIL positive staining for MMP11 F) a CC showing positive immunoreaction for MMP11, G) Positive control for MMP12, H) as in B, negative control for MMP12, I) normal cervical tissue shows negative immunostaining for MMP12, J) LSIL showing positive immunoreaction for MMP12, K) HSIL showing immunodetection for MMP12 and L) a CC showing positive immunoreaction for MMP12. Original magnifications were 40 X for A, C, D, E, F, G, J, and K; and 10X were used for B, H, I, and L. |
PMC1175083_F3_2477.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Immunohistochemical detection of MMP11 and MMP12 by cervical tissue microarrays. A) Breast cancer sample (as positive control for MMP11 staining), B) negative control; a CC sample without primary antibody, C) one normal cervical tissue showing negative staining for MMP11, D) LSIL which presents positive immunostaining for MMP11, E) HSIL positive staining for MMP11 F) a CC showing positive immunoreaction for MMP11, G) Positive control for MMP12, H) as in B, negative control for MMP12, I) normal cervical tissue shows negative immunostaining for MMP12, J) LSIL showing positive immunoreaction for MMP12, K) HSIL showing immunodetection for MMP12 and L) a CC showing positive immunoreaction for MMP12. Original magnifications were 40 X for A, C, D, E, F, G, J, and K; and 10X were used for B, H, I, and L. |
PMC1175083_F3_2480.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Immunohistochemical detection of MMP11 and MMP12 by cervical tissue microarrays. A) Breast cancer sample (as positive control for MMP11 staining), B) negative control; a CC sample without primary antibody, C) one normal cervical tissue showing negative staining for MMP11, D) LSIL which presents positive immunostaining for MMP11, E) HSIL positive staining for MMP11 F) a CC showing positive immunoreaction for MMP11, G) Positive control for MMP12, H) as in B, negative control for MMP12, I) normal cervical tissue shows negative immunostaining for MMP12, J) LSIL showing positive immunoreaction for MMP12, K) HSIL showing immunodetection for MMP12 and L) a CC showing positive immunoreaction for MMP12. Original magnifications were 40 X for A, C, D, E, F, G, J, and K; and 10X were used for B, H, I, and L. |
PMC1175083_F3_2475.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Immunohistochemical detection of MMP11 and MMP12 by cervical tissue microarrays. A) Breast cancer sample (as positive control for MMP11 staining), B) negative control; a CC sample without primary antibody, C) one normal cervical tissue showing negative staining for MMP11, D) LSIL which presents positive immunostaining for MMP11, E) HSIL positive staining for MMP11 F) a CC showing positive immunoreaction for MMP11, G) Positive control for MMP12, H) as in B, negative control for MMP12, I) normal cervical tissue shows negative immunostaining for MMP12, J) LSIL showing positive immunoreaction for MMP12, K) HSIL showing immunodetection for MMP12 and L) a CC showing positive immunoreaction for MMP12. Original magnifications were 40 X for A, C, D, E, F, G, J, and K; and 10X were used for B, H, I, and L. |
PMC1175083_F3_2473.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Immunohistochemical detection of MMP11 and MMP12 by cervical tissue microarrays. A) Breast cancer sample (as positive control for MMP11 staining), B) negative control; a CC sample without primary antibody, C) one normal cervical tissue showing negative staining for MMP11, D) LSIL which presents positive immunostaining for MMP11, E) HSIL positive staining for MMP11 F) a CC showing positive immunoreaction for MMP11, G) Positive control for MMP12, H) as in B, negative control for MMP12, I) normal cervical tissue shows negative immunostaining for MMP12, J) LSIL showing positive immunoreaction for MMP12, K) HSIL showing immunodetection for MMP12 and L) a CC showing positive immunoreaction for MMP12. Original magnifications were 40 X for A, C, D, E, F, G, J, and K; and 10X were used for B, H, I, and L. |
PMC1175083_F3_2469.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Immunohistochemical detection of MMP11 and MMP12 by cervical tissue microarrays. A) Breast cancer sample (as positive control for MMP11 staining), B) negative control; a CC sample without primary antibody, C) one normal cervical tissue showing negative staining for MMP11, D) LSIL which presents positive immunostaining for MMP11, E) HSIL positive staining for MMP11 F) a CC showing positive immunoreaction for MMP11, G) Positive control for MMP12, H) as in B, negative control for MMP12, I) normal cervical tissue shows negative immunostaining for MMP12, J) LSIL showing positive immunoreaction for MMP12, K) HSIL showing immunodetection for MMP12 and L) a CC showing positive immunoreaction for MMP12. Original magnifications were 40 X for A, C, D, E, F, G, J, and K; and 10X were used for B, H, I, and L. |
PMC1175083_F3_2470.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Immunohistochemical detection of MMP11 and MMP12 by cervical tissue microarrays. A) Breast cancer sample (as positive control for MMP11 staining), B) negative control; a CC sample without primary antibody, C) one normal cervical tissue showing negative staining for MMP11, D) LSIL which presents positive immunostaining for MMP11, E) HSIL positive staining for MMP11 F) a CC showing positive immunoreaction for MMP11, G) Positive control for MMP12, H) as in B, negative control for MMP12, I) normal cervical tissue shows negative immunostaining for MMP12, J) LSIL showing positive immunoreaction for MMP12, K) HSIL showing immunodetection for MMP12 and L) a CC showing positive immunoreaction for MMP12. Original magnifications were 40 X for A, C, D, E, F, G, J, and K; and 10X were used for B, H, I, and L. |
PMC1175083_F3_2474.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Immunohistochemical detection of MMP11 and MMP12 by cervical tissue microarrays. A) Breast cancer sample (as positive control for MMP11 staining), B) negative control; a CC sample without primary antibody, C) one normal cervical tissue showing negative staining for MMP11, D) LSIL which presents positive immunostaining for MMP11, E) HSIL positive staining for MMP11 F) a CC showing positive immunoreaction for MMP11, G) Positive control for MMP12, H) as in B, negative control for MMP12, I) normal cervical tissue shows negative immunostaining for MMP12, J) LSIL showing positive immunoreaction for MMP12, K) HSIL showing immunodetection for MMP12 and L) a CC showing positive immunoreaction for MMP12. Original magnifications were 40 X for A, C, D, E, F, G, J, and K; and 10X were used for B, H, I, and L. |
PMC1175083_F3_2478.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Immunohistochemical detection of MMP11 and MMP12 by cervical tissue microarrays. A) Breast cancer sample (as positive control for MMP11 staining), B) negative control; a CC sample without primary antibody, C) one normal cervical tissue showing negative staining for MMP11, D) LSIL which presents positive immunostaining for MMP11, E) HSIL positive staining for MMP11 F) a CC showing positive immunoreaction for MMP11, G) Positive control for MMP12, H) as in B, negative control for MMP12, I) normal cervical tissue shows negative immunostaining for MMP12, J) LSIL showing positive immunoreaction for MMP12, K) HSIL showing immunodetection for MMP12 and L) a CC showing positive immunoreaction for MMP12. Original magnifications were 40 X for A, C, D, E, F, G, J, and K; and 10X were used for B, H, I, and L. |
PMC1175083_F3_2476.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Immunohistochemical detection of MMP11 and MMP12 by cervical tissue microarrays. A) Breast cancer sample (as positive control for MMP11 staining), B) negative control; a CC sample without primary antibody, C) one normal cervical tissue showing negative staining for MMP11, D) LSIL which presents positive immunostaining for MMP11, E) HSIL positive staining for MMP11 F) a CC showing positive immunoreaction for MMP11, G) Positive control for MMP12, H) as in B, negative control for MMP12, I) normal cervical tissue shows negative immunostaining for MMP12, J) LSIL showing positive immunoreaction for MMP12, K) HSIL showing immunodetection for MMP12 and L) a CC showing positive immunoreaction for MMP12. Original magnifications were 40 X for A, C, D, E, F, G, J, and K; and 10X were used for B, H, I, and L. |
PMC1175083_F3_2479.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Immunohistochemical detection of MMP11 and MMP12 by cervical tissue microarrays. A) Breast cancer sample (as positive control for MMP11 staining), B) negative control; a CC sample without primary antibody, C) one normal cervical tissue showing negative staining for MMP11, D) LSIL which presents positive immunostaining for MMP11, E) HSIL positive staining for MMP11 F) a CC showing positive immunoreaction for MMP11, G) Positive control for MMP12, H) as in B, negative control for MMP12, I) normal cervical tissue shows negative immunostaining for MMP12, J) LSIL showing positive immunoreaction for MMP12, K) HSIL showing immunodetection for MMP12 and L) a CC showing positive immunoreaction for MMP12. Original magnifications were 40 X for A, C, D, E, F, G, J, and K; and 10X were used for B, H, I, and L. |
PMC1175090_F5_2485.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Immunohistochemistry for MCP-1 and the macrophage marker ED-1. Panel A-D: examples of photomicrographs of MCP-1 staining (brown) in glomeruli, hematoxylin counterstain (blue nuclei) Panel A (glomerulus of a normotensive normoglycemic rat) represents score 0, panel B (from a normotensive diabetic rat) score 1, panel C (from a hypertensive normoglycemic rat kidney) score 2, and panel D (from a hypertensive diabetic rat) score 3. Panel E, High power magnification of MCP-1 immunohistochemistry (brown) in a hypertensive diabetic rat. MCP-1 staining localized to spindle-shaped cells, probably fibroblasts, surrounding tubules in a double immunohistochemistry with the macrophage marker ED-1 (blue cytoplasm, arrows), methyl-green counterstain. Macrophages were often localized in close proximity to the MCP-1 positive cells surrounding tubules (asterisk). Scale bars (50 μm) are indicated. Note the identical scale for panels A-D but different scale for panel E. |
PMC1175090_F5_2482.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Immunohistochemistry for MCP-1 and the macrophage marker ED-1. Panel A-D: examples of photomicrographs of MCP-1 staining (brown) in glomeruli, hematoxylin counterstain (blue nuclei) Panel A (glomerulus of a normotensive normoglycemic rat) represents score 0, panel B (from a normotensive diabetic rat) score 1, panel C (from a hypertensive normoglycemic rat kidney) score 2, and panel D (from a hypertensive diabetic rat) score 3. Panel E, High power magnification of MCP-1 immunohistochemistry (brown) in a hypertensive diabetic rat. MCP-1 staining localized to spindle-shaped cells, probably fibroblasts, surrounding tubules in a double immunohistochemistry with the macrophage marker ED-1 (blue cytoplasm, arrows), methyl-green counterstain. Macrophages were often localized in close proximity to the MCP-1 positive cells surrounding tubules (asterisk). Scale bars (50 μm) are indicated. Note the identical scale for panels A-D but different scale for panel E. |
PMC1175090_F5_2481.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Immunohistochemistry for MCP-1 and the macrophage marker ED-1. Panel A-D: examples of photomicrographs of MCP-1 staining (brown) in glomeruli, hematoxylin counterstain (blue nuclei) Panel A (glomerulus of a normotensive normoglycemic rat) represents score 0, panel B (from a normotensive diabetic rat) score 1, panel C (from a hypertensive normoglycemic rat kidney) score 2, and panel D (from a hypertensive diabetic rat) score 3. Panel E, High power magnification of MCP-1 immunohistochemistry (brown) in a hypertensive diabetic rat. MCP-1 staining localized to spindle-shaped cells, probably fibroblasts, surrounding tubules in a double immunohistochemistry with the macrophage marker ED-1 (blue cytoplasm, arrows), methyl-green counterstain. Macrophages were often localized in close proximity to the MCP-1 positive cells surrounding tubules (asterisk). Scale bars (50 μm) are indicated. Note the identical scale for panels A-D but different scale for panel E. |
PMC1175090_F5_2483.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Immunohistochemistry for MCP-1 and the macrophage marker ED-1. Panel A-D: examples of photomicrographs of MCP-1 staining (brown) in glomeruli, hematoxylin counterstain (blue nuclei) Panel A (glomerulus of a normotensive normoglycemic rat) represents score 0, panel B (from a normotensive diabetic rat) score 1, panel C (from a hypertensive normoglycemic rat kidney) score 2, and panel D (from a hypertensive diabetic rat) score 3. Panel E, High power magnification of MCP-1 immunohistochemistry (brown) in a hypertensive diabetic rat. MCP-1 staining localized to spindle-shaped cells, probably fibroblasts, surrounding tubules in a double immunohistochemistry with the macrophage marker ED-1 (blue cytoplasm, arrows), methyl-green counterstain. Macrophages were often localized in close proximity to the MCP-1 positive cells surrounding tubules (asterisk). Scale bars (50 μm) are indicated. Note the identical scale for panels A-D but different scale for panel E. |
PMC1175090_F5_2484.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Immunohistochemistry for MCP-1 and the macrophage marker ED-1. Panel A-D: examples of photomicrographs of MCP-1 staining (brown) in glomeruli, hematoxylin counterstain (blue nuclei) Panel A (glomerulus of a normotensive normoglycemic rat) represents score 0, panel B (from a normotensive diabetic rat) score 1, panel C (from a hypertensive normoglycemic rat kidney) score 2, and panel D (from a hypertensive diabetic rat) score 3. Panel E, High power magnification of MCP-1 immunohistochemistry (brown) in a hypertensive diabetic rat. MCP-1 staining localized to spindle-shaped cells, probably fibroblasts, surrounding tubules in a double immunohistochemistry with the macrophage marker ED-1 (blue cytoplasm, arrows), methyl-green counterstain. Macrophages were often localized in close proximity to the MCP-1 positive cells surrounding tubules (asterisk). Scale bars (50 μm) are indicated. Note the identical scale for panels A-D but different scale for panel E. |
PMC1175095_F1_2486.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor micoarrays. Representative normal human ovarian surface epithelium and tumor cores stained for TACC1 (panels A-E), and TACC3 (panels F-J) proteins to show positive and negative staining. TACC protein expression is detected as a brown signal against the blue Hematoxylin counterstain. In all cases where TACC3 expression was observed, the protein was excluded from the nucleus of the ovarian tumor cells, unlike the observable nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of TACC1. A, normal ovarian surface epithelium with nuclear/cytoplasmic TACC1 staining; B, serous papillary TACC1 +ve; C, serous papillary TACC1 -ve; D, endometroid TACC1 +ve; E, endometroid TACC1 -ve; F, normal ovarian surface epithelium with nuclear TACC3 staining; G, serous papillary TACC3 +ve; H, serous papillary TACC3 -ve; I, clear cell TACC3 +ve; J, clear cell TACC3 -ve. A-H: Main panel original magnification ×40; insets show whole tumor core at original magnification ×10. |
PMC1175095_F1_2494.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor micoarrays. Representative normal human ovarian surface epithelium and tumor cores stained for TACC1 (panels A-E), and TACC3 (panels F-J) proteins to show positive and negative staining. TACC protein expression is detected as a brown signal against the blue Hematoxylin counterstain. In all cases where TACC3 expression was observed, the protein was excluded from the nucleus of the ovarian tumor cells, unlike the observable nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of TACC1. A, normal ovarian surface epithelium with nuclear/cytoplasmic TACC1 staining; B, serous papillary TACC1 +ve; C, serous papillary TACC1 -ve; D, endometroid TACC1 +ve; E, endometroid TACC1 -ve; F, normal ovarian surface epithelium with nuclear TACC3 staining; G, serous papillary TACC3 +ve; H, serous papillary TACC3 -ve; I, clear cell TACC3 +ve; J, clear cell TACC3 -ve. A-H: Main panel original magnification ×40; insets show whole tumor core at original magnification ×10. |
PMC1175095_F1_2492.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor micoarrays. Representative normal human ovarian surface epithelium and tumor cores stained for TACC1 (panels A-E), and TACC3 (panels F-J) proteins to show positive and negative staining. TACC protein expression is detected as a brown signal against the blue Hematoxylin counterstain. In all cases where TACC3 expression was observed, the protein was excluded from the nucleus of the ovarian tumor cells, unlike the observable nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of TACC1. A, normal ovarian surface epithelium with nuclear/cytoplasmic TACC1 staining; B, serous papillary TACC1 +ve; C, serous papillary TACC1 -ve; D, endometroid TACC1 +ve; E, endometroid TACC1 -ve; F, normal ovarian surface epithelium with nuclear TACC3 staining; G, serous papillary TACC3 +ve; H, serous papillary TACC3 -ve; I, clear cell TACC3 +ve; J, clear cell TACC3 -ve. A-H: Main panel original magnification ×40; insets show whole tumor core at original magnification ×10. |
PMC1175095_F1_2487.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor micoarrays. Representative normal human ovarian surface epithelium and tumor cores stained for TACC1 (panels A-E), and TACC3 (panels F-J) proteins to show positive and negative staining. TACC protein expression is detected as a brown signal against the blue Hematoxylin counterstain. In all cases where TACC3 expression was observed, the protein was excluded from the nucleus of the ovarian tumor cells, unlike the observable nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of TACC1. A, normal ovarian surface epithelium with nuclear/cytoplasmic TACC1 staining; B, serous papillary TACC1 +ve; C, serous papillary TACC1 -ve; D, endometroid TACC1 +ve; E, endometroid TACC1 -ve; F, normal ovarian surface epithelium with nuclear TACC3 staining; G, serous papillary TACC3 +ve; H, serous papillary TACC3 -ve; I, clear cell TACC3 +ve; J, clear cell TACC3 -ve. A-H: Main panel original magnification ×40; insets show whole tumor core at original magnification ×10. |
PMC1175095_F1_2488.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor micoarrays. Representative normal human ovarian surface epithelium and tumor cores stained for TACC1 (panels A-E), and TACC3 (panels F-J) proteins to show positive and negative staining. TACC protein expression is detected as a brown signal against the blue Hematoxylin counterstain. In all cases where TACC3 expression was observed, the protein was excluded from the nucleus of the ovarian tumor cells, unlike the observable nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of TACC1. A, normal ovarian surface epithelium with nuclear/cytoplasmic TACC1 staining; B, serous papillary TACC1 +ve; C, serous papillary TACC1 -ve; D, endometroid TACC1 +ve; E, endometroid TACC1 -ve; F, normal ovarian surface epithelium with nuclear TACC3 staining; G, serous papillary TACC3 +ve; H, serous papillary TACC3 -ve; I, clear cell TACC3 +ve; J, clear cell TACC3 -ve. A-H: Main panel original magnification ×40; insets show whole tumor core at original magnification ×10. |
PMC1175095_F1_2495.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor micoarrays. Representative normal human ovarian surface epithelium and tumor cores stained for TACC1 (panels A-E), and TACC3 (panels F-J) proteins to show positive and negative staining. TACC protein expression is detected as a brown signal against the blue Hematoxylin counterstain. In all cases where TACC3 expression was observed, the protein was excluded from the nucleus of the ovarian tumor cells, unlike the observable nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of TACC1. A, normal ovarian surface epithelium with nuclear/cytoplasmic TACC1 staining; B, serous papillary TACC1 +ve; C, serous papillary TACC1 -ve; D, endometroid TACC1 +ve; E, endometroid TACC1 -ve; F, normal ovarian surface epithelium with nuclear TACC3 staining; G, serous papillary TACC3 +ve; H, serous papillary TACC3 -ve; I, clear cell TACC3 +ve; J, clear cell TACC3 -ve. A-H: Main panel original magnification ×40; insets show whole tumor core at original magnification ×10. |
PMC1175820_pbio-0030265-g002_2500.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Activation Pattern in V1 for Experiment 1Medio-posterior view on the inflated left occipital cortex of subject HP (A and B) and subject AK (C). All five subjects are shown in Figure S1. Gray-scale coloring of cortex indicates the extent of retinotopic visual areas (light gray: V1 and V3/VP; dark gray: V2, V4, and V3A) and the gyral pattern (concave surfaces are indicated in darker gray in the respective areas).(A) The cortical representations of the mapping stimuli are marked in color. The maps were obtained by calculating a balanced contrast between the respective mapping condition of interest and the two other mapping conditions (e.g., middle versus upper and lower). The thresholds of t-maps were individually adjusted to obtain patches of comparable size in V1: upper (yellow), t(600) > 9.3; middle (orange), t(600) > 11.9; and lower (red), t(600) > 15.1 (all p << 0.001).(B) Cortical activation maps for the apparent-motion (green) and real-motion (blue) condition compared to baseline (apparent motion in V1: t[600] > 3.6, p < 0.0004; real motion in V1: t[600] > 18.6, p << 0.001). Cortical representations of the mapping stimuli are indicated by colored outlines taken from (A). The solid white line indicates a patch of significant activation (t[600] > 3, p < 0.003) for the following conjunction of contrasts, which represents the ideal activation pattern: (middle > upper) and (middle > lower) and (apparent motion > upper) and (apparent motion > lower). The dashed white line marks a peripheral region in V1 with significant activation in response to apparent motion and real motion.(C) Same as (B) for subject AK. The white region with the optimal response pattern overlaps largely with the representation of the middle stimulus (in orange; see Figure S1 for details).(D) Event-related BOLD signal change for subject HP plotted over time from the patch outlined by the solid white line in (B) (solid black line indicates stimulus onset, dotted line stimulus offset).(E) Event-related BOLD signal change of the apparent-motion-activated (green) region from the eccentric parts of V1 outlined by the dashed white line in (B) (solid black line indicates stimulus onset, dotted line stimulus offset). This eccentric region responds to real motion and apparent motion but not to the middle stimulus.(F) Same as (D) for subject AK.Error bars correspond to standard errors of the mean. |
PMC1175820_pbio-0030265-g002_2504.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Activation Pattern in V1 for Experiment 1Medio-posterior view on the inflated left occipital cortex of subject HP (A and B) and subject AK (C). All five subjects are shown in Figure S1. Gray-scale coloring of cortex indicates the extent of retinotopic visual areas (light gray: V1 and V3/VP; dark gray: V2, V4, and V3A) and the gyral pattern (concave surfaces are indicated in darker gray in the respective areas).(A) The cortical representations of the mapping stimuli are marked in color. The maps were obtained by calculating a balanced contrast between the respective mapping condition of interest and the two other mapping conditions (e.g., middle versus upper and lower). The thresholds of t-maps were individually adjusted to obtain patches of comparable size in V1: upper (yellow), t(600) > 9.3; middle (orange), t(600) > 11.9; and lower (red), t(600) > 15.1 (all p << 0.001).(B) Cortical activation maps for the apparent-motion (green) and real-motion (blue) condition compared to baseline (apparent motion in V1: t[600] > 3.6, p < 0.0004; real motion in V1: t[600] > 18.6, p << 0.001). Cortical representations of the mapping stimuli are indicated by colored outlines taken from (A). The solid white line indicates a patch of significant activation (t[600] > 3, p < 0.003) for the following conjunction of contrasts, which represents the ideal activation pattern: (middle > upper) and (middle > lower) and (apparent motion > upper) and (apparent motion > lower). The dashed white line marks a peripheral region in V1 with significant activation in response to apparent motion and real motion.(C) Same as (B) for subject AK. The white region with the optimal response pattern overlaps largely with the representation of the middle stimulus (in orange; see Figure S1 for details).(D) Event-related BOLD signal change for subject HP plotted over time from the patch outlined by the solid white line in (B) (solid black line indicates stimulus onset, dotted line stimulus offset).(E) Event-related BOLD signal change of the apparent-motion-activated (green) region from the eccentric parts of V1 outlined by the dashed white line in (B) (solid black line indicates stimulus onset, dotted line stimulus offset). This eccentric region responds to real motion and apparent motion but not to the middle stimulus.(F) Same as (D) for subject AK.Error bars correspond to standard errors of the mean. |
PMC1175820_pbio-0030265-g003_2496.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Cortical Activation in V1 for Experiment 2(A) Left occipital cortex of subject HP (all five subjects are shown in Figure S2) with superimposed contrast maps indicating the cortical representation of the stimulus positions: upper (yellow), t(1445) > 15; middle (orange), t(1445) > 12; and lower (red), t(1445) > 9.3 (all p << 0.001). For comparison, the patches from experiment 1 (see Figure 1) are marked with dotted lines.(B) Cortical activation maps for apparent motion (green) and real motion (blue). In this case, apparent motion is contrasted with the flicker control condition (apparent motion > flicker in V1: t[1445] > 3.6, p < 0.0004); real motion is compared to fixation baseline (real motion > baseline in V1: t[1445] > 18.6, p << 0.001). The white line indicates an example of a significant (t > 2.2, p < 0.05) contrast conjunction: (middle > upper) and (middle > lower) and (apparent motion > flicker).(C) BOLD activity profile of the region indicated by the white line in (B). Bars indicate average activity during the respective conditions expressed in beta weights from a GLM analysis. |
PMC1175820_pbio-0030265-g003_2497.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Cortical Activation in V1 for Experiment 2(A) Left occipital cortex of subject HP (all five subjects are shown in Figure S2) with superimposed contrast maps indicating the cortical representation of the stimulus positions: upper (yellow), t(1445) > 15; middle (orange), t(1445) > 12; and lower (red), t(1445) > 9.3 (all p << 0.001). For comparison, the patches from experiment 1 (see Figure 1) are marked with dotted lines.(B) Cortical activation maps for apparent motion (green) and real motion (blue). In this case, apparent motion is contrasted with the flicker control condition (apparent motion > flicker in V1: t[1445] > 3.6, p < 0.0004); real motion is compared to fixation baseline (real motion > baseline in V1: t[1445] > 18.6, p << 0.001). The white line indicates an example of a significant (t > 2.2, p < 0.05) contrast conjunction: (middle > upper) and (middle > lower) and (apparent motion > flicker).(C) BOLD activity profile of the region indicated by the white line in (B). Bars indicate average activity during the respective conditions expressed in beta weights from a GLM analysis. |
PMC1175820_pbio-0030265-g006_2507.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Results from the Bistable Motion Quartet (Experiment 3)(A and B) Medio-posterior view on the inflated left occipital cortex of subject HP (A) and AK (B) (all six subjects are shown in Figure S3). Gray shading indicates the extension of V1 (light gray for V1) and the cortex curvature (dark gray, concave; light gray, convex). Activation maps show the cortical representation of the stimulated locations in red (motion quartet > baseline). Contrast maps in green indicate regions that are more active for vertical apparent motion than for horizontal apparent motion (ROI-based GLM at indicated locations; HP: t[301] > 2.5, p < 0.02; AK: t[708] > 2, p < 0.05). The dotted line is a spline-interpolated curve connecting the stimulated locations and the region that is more active during the perception of vertical apparent motion. (This line does not necessarily indicate the path of apparent motion from experiments 1 and 2 since stimulus parameters had to be adjusted.)(C and D) The solid white lines mark regions from which event-related averages were calculated. Event-related averages are shown for subject HP (C) and for subject AK (D). The time courses are aligned to the time point at which the subject indicates a switch in perception (t = 0, black line) and are shown for the time period from 4 s before to 24 s after the perceptual switch. The first perceptual period following each stimulation onset is omitted from the analysis (see Materials and Methods). Error bars correspond to standard errors of the mean. For HP, the vertical percept lasted on average for 11.9 s (standard deviation, 10.3 s), the horizontal for 13.4 s (standard deviation, 9.2 s). For AK, the vertical lasted for 14.6 s (standard deviation, 7.1 s), and the horizontal for 16.6 s (standard deviation, 6.7 s). |
PMC1175820_pbio-0030265-g006_2506.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Results from the Bistable Motion Quartet (Experiment 3)(A and B) Medio-posterior view on the inflated left occipital cortex of subject HP (A) and AK (B) (all six subjects are shown in Figure S3). Gray shading indicates the extension of V1 (light gray for V1) and the cortex curvature (dark gray, concave; light gray, convex). Activation maps show the cortical representation of the stimulated locations in red (motion quartet > baseline). Contrast maps in green indicate regions that are more active for vertical apparent motion than for horizontal apparent motion (ROI-based GLM at indicated locations; HP: t[301] > 2.5, p < 0.02; AK: t[708] > 2, p < 0.05). The dotted line is a spline-interpolated curve connecting the stimulated locations and the region that is more active during the perception of vertical apparent motion. (This line does not necessarily indicate the path of apparent motion from experiments 1 and 2 since stimulus parameters had to be adjusted.)(C and D) The solid white lines mark regions from which event-related averages were calculated. Event-related averages are shown for subject HP (C) and for subject AK (D). The time courses are aligned to the time point at which the subject indicates a switch in perception (t = 0, black line) and are shown for the time period from 4 s before to 24 s after the perceptual switch. The first perceptual period following each stimulation onset is omitted from the analysis (see Materials and Methods). Error bars correspond to standard errors of the mean. For HP, the vertical percept lasted on average for 11.9 s (standard deviation, 10.3 s), the horizontal for 13.4 s (standard deviation, 9.2 s). For AK, the vertical lasted for 14.6 s (standard deviation, 7.1 s), and the horizontal for 16.6 s (standard deviation, 6.7 s). |
PMC1175842_F1_2512.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Overview of 4D DIC microscope images of C. elegans embryo. (A) Schematic of 4D DIC microscope images. Digital images of a developing embryo were recorded in multiple focal planes and a set of multifocal images was recorded with a fixed time interval, α. (B) Example of 4D DIC microscope images of a C. elegans embryo. Each column shows multifocal images recorded at a specific time point, with 3.5 μm between two focal planes. Each row shows time-lapse images recorded in a specific focal plane with 160 s between two time points. Bar is 10 μm. |
PMC1175842_F1_2515.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Overview of 4D DIC microscope images of C. elegans embryo. (A) Schematic of 4D DIC microscope images. Digital images of a developing embryo were recorded in multiple focal planes and a set of multifocal images was recorded with a fixed time interval, α. (B) Example of 4D DIC microscope images of a C. elegans embryo. Each column shows multifocal images recorded at a specific time point, with 3.5 μm between two focal planes. Each row shows time-lapse images recorded in a specific focal plane with 160 s between two time points. Bar is 10 μm. |
PMC1175842_F1_2517.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Overview of 4D DIC microscope images of C. elegans embryo. (A) Schematic of 4D DIC microscope images. Digital images of a developing embryo were recorded in multiple focal planes and a set of multifocal images was recorded with a fixed time interval, α. (B) Example of 4D DIC microscope images of a C. elegans embryo. Each column shows multifocal images recorded at a specific time point, with 3.5 μm between two focal planes. Each row shows time-lapse images recorded in a specific focal plane with 160 s between two time points. Bar is 10 μm. |
PMC1175842_F1_2516.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Overview of 4D DIC microscope images of C. elegans embryo. (A) Schematic of 4D DIC microscope images. Digital images of a developing embryo were recorded in multiple focal planes and a set of multifocal images was recorded with a fixed time interval, α. (B) Example of 4D DIC microscope images of a C. elegans embryo. Each column shows multifocal images recorded at a specific time point, with 3.5 μm between two focal planes. Each row shows time-lapse images recorded in a specific focal plane with 160 s between two time points. Bar is 10 μm. |
PMC1175842_F1_2520.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Overview of 4D DIC microscope images of C. elegans embryo. (A) Schematic of 4D DIC microscope images. Digital images of a developing embryo were recorded in multiple focal planes and a set of multifocal images was recorded with a fixed time interval, α. (B) Example of 4D DIC microscope images of a C. elegans embryo. Each column shows multifocal images recorded at a specific time point, with 3.5 μm between two focal planes. Each row shows time-lapse images recorded in a specific focal plane with 160 s between two time points. Bar is 10 μm. |
PMC1175842_F1_2519.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Overview of 4D DIC microscope images of C. elegans embryo. (A) Schematic of 4D DIC microscope images. Digital images of a developing embryo were recorded in multiple focal planes and a set of multifocal images was recorded with a fixed time interval, α. (B) Example of 4D DIC microscope images of a C. elegans embryo. Each column shows multifocal images recorded at a specific time point, with 3.5 μm between two focal planes. Each row shows time-lapse images recorded in a specific focal plane with 160 s between two time points. Bar is 10 μm. |
PMC1175842_F1_2510.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Overview of 4D DIC microscope images of C. elegans embryo. (A) Schematic of 4D DIC microscope images. Digital images of a developing embryo were recorded in multiple focal planes and a set of multifocal images was recorded with a fixed time interval, α. (B) Example of 4D DIC microscope images of a C. elegans embryo. Each column shows multifocal images recorded at a specific time point, with 3.5 μm between two focal planes. Each row shows time-lapse images recorded in a specific focal plane with 160 s between two time points. Bar is 10 μm. |
PMC1175842_F1_2526.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Overview of 4D DIC microscope images of C. elegans embryo. (A) Schematic of 4D DIC microscope images. Digital images of a developing embryo were recorded in multiple focal planes and a set of multifocal images was recorded with a fixed time interval, α. (B) Example of 4D DIC microscope images of a C. elegans embryo. Each column shows multifocal images recorded at a specific time point, with 3.5 μm between two focal planes. Each row shows time-lapse images recorded in a specific focal plane with 160 s between two time points. Bar is 10 μm. |
PMC1175842_F1_2511.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Overview of 4D DIC microscope images of C. elegans embryo. (A) Schematic of 4D DIC microscope images. Digital images of a developing embryo were recorded in multiple focal planes and a set of multifocal images was recorded with a fixed time interval, α. (B) Example of 4D DIC microscope images of a C. elegans embryo. Each column shows multifocal images recorded at a specific time point, with 3.5 μm between two focal planes. Each row shows time-lapse images recorded in a specific focal plane with 160 s between two time points. Bar is 10 μm. |
PMC1175842_F1_2522.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Overview of 4D DIC microscope images of C. elegans embryo. (A) Schematic of 4D DIC microscope images. Digital images of a developing embryo were recorded in multiple focal planes and a set of multifocal images was recorded with a fixed time interval, α. (B) Example of 4D DIC microscope images of a C. elegans embryo. Each column shows multifocal images recorded at a specific time point, with 3.5 μm between two focal planes. Each row shows time-lapse images recorded in a specific focal plane with 160 s between two time points. Bar is 10 μm. |
PMC1175842_F1_2523.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Overview of 4D DIC microscope images of C. elegans embryo. (A) Schematic of 4D DIC microscope images. Digital images of a developing embryo were recorded in multiple focal planes and a set of multifocal images was recorded with a fixed time interval, α. (B) Example of 4D DIC microscope images of a C. elegans embryo. Each column shows multifocal images recorded at a specific time point, with 3.5 μm between two focal planes. Each row shows time-lapse images recorded in a specific focal plane with 160 s between two time points. Bar is 10 μm. |
PMC1175842_F1_2527.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Overview of 4D DIC microscope images of C. elegans embryo. (A) Schematic of 4D DIC microscope images. Digital images of a developing embryo were recorded in multiple focal planes and a set of multifocal images was recorded with a fixed time interval, α. (B) Example of 4D DIC microscope images of a C. elegans embryo. Each column shows multifocal images recorded at a specific time point, with 3.5 μm between two focal planes. Each row shows time-lapse images recorded in a specific focal plane with 160 s between two time points. Bar is 10 μm. |
PMC1175842_F3_2541.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Low-entropy regions of different focal planes and different time points. (A – E and K–O) Input images. (F–J and P–T) Low-entropy regions (black) produced from the input images. Low-entropy regions were produced from multifocal images of an embryo at a specific time point in the four-cell stage with 4.5 μm between two focal planes (A–E) and from time-lapse images of an embryo at a specific focal plane with 30 min between two time points (K–L). The low-entropy regions produced are displayed to the right of each input image. The window size was 10 × 10 pixels and the threshold value was 175. |
PMC1175842_F3_2548.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Low-entropy regions of different focal planes and different time points. (A – E and K–O) Input images. (F–J and P–T) Low-entropy regions (black) produced from the input images. Low-entropy regions were produced from multifocal images of an embryo at a specific time point in the four-cell stage with 4.5 μm between two focal planes (A–E) and from time-lapse images of an embryo at a specific focal plane with 30 min between two time points (K–L). The low-entropy regions produced are displayed to the right of each input image. The window size was 10 × 10 pixels and the threshold value was 175. |
PMC1175842_F3_2540.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Low-entropy regions of different focal planes and different time points. (A – E and K–O) Input images. (F–J and P–T) Low-entropy regions (black) produced from the input images. Low-entropy regions were produced from multifocal images of an embryo at a specific time point in the four-cell stage with 4.5 μm between two focal planes (A–E) and from time-lapse images of an embryo at a specific focal plane with 30 min between two time points (K–L). The low-entropy regions produced are displayed to the right of each input image. The window size was 10 × 10 pixels and the threshold value was 175. |
PMC1175842_F3_2543.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Low-entropy regions of different focal planes and different time points. (A – E and K–O) Input images. (F–J and P–T) Low-entropy regions (black) produced from the input images. Low-entropy regions were produced from multifocal images of an embryo at a specific time point in the four-cell stage with 4.5 μm between two focal planes (A–E) and from time-lapse images of an embryo at a specific focal plane with 30 min between two time points (K–L). The low-entropy regions produced are displayed to the right of each input image. The window size was 10 × 10 pixels and the threshold value was 175. |
PMC1175842_F3_2545.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Low-entropy regions of different focal planes and different time points. (A – E and K–O) Input images. (F–J and P–T) Low-entropy regions (black) produced from the input images. Low-entropy regions were produced from multifocal images of an embryo at a specific time point in the four-cell stage with 4.5 μm between two focal planes (A–E) and from time-lapse images of an embryo at a specific focal plane with 30 min between two time points (K–L). The low-entropy regions produced are displayed to the right of each input image. The window size was 10 × 10 pixels and the threshold value was 175. |
PMC1175842_F3_2547.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Low-entropy regions of different focal planes and different time points. (A – E and K–O) Input images. (F–J and P–T) Low-entropy regions (black) produced from the input images. Low-entropy regions were produced from multifocal images of an embryo at a specific time point in the four-cell stage with 4.5 μm between two focal planes (A–E) and from time-lapse images of an embryo at a specific focal plane with 30 min between two time points (K–L). The low-entropy regions produced are displayed to the right of each input image. The window size was 10 × 10 pixels and the threshold value was 175. |
PMC1175842_F3_2546.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Low-entropy regions of different focal planes and different time points. (A – E and K–O) Input images. (F–J and P–T) Low-entropy regions (black) produced from the input images. Low-entropy regions were produced from multifocal images of an embryo at a specific time point in the four-cell stage with 4.5 μm between two focal planes (A–E) and from time-lapse images of an embryo at a specific focal plane with 30 min between two time points (K–L). The low-entropy regions produced are displayed to the right of each input image. The window size was 10 × 10 pixels and the threshold value was 175. |
PMC1175842_F3_2554.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Low-entropy regions of different focal planes and different time points. (A – E and K–O) Input images. (F–J and P–T) Low-entropy regions (black) produced from the input images. Low-entropy regions were produced from multifocal images of an embryo at a specific time point in the four-cell stage with 4.5 μm between two focal planes (A–E) and from time-lapse images of an embryo at a specific focal plane with 30 min between two time points (K–L). The low-entropy regions produced are displayed to the right of each input image. The window size was 10 × 10 pixels and the threshold value was 175. |
PMC1175842_F3_2542.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Low-entropy regions of different focal planes and different time points. (A – E and K–O) Input images. (F–J and P–T) Low-entropy regions (black) produced from the input images. Low-entropy regions were produced from multifocal images of an embryo at a specific time point in the four-cell stage with 4.5 μm between two focal planes (A–E) and from time-lapse images of an embryo at a specific focal plane with 30 min between two time points (K–L). The low-entropy regions produced are displayed to the right of each input image. The window size was 10 × 10 pixels and the threshold value was 175. |
PMC1175842_F3_2550.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Low-entropy regions of different focal planes and different time points. (A – E and K–O) Input images. (F–J and P–T) Low-entropy regions (black) produced from the input images. Low-entropy regions were produced from multifocal images of an embryo at a specific time point in the four-cell stage with 4.5 μm between two focal planes (A–E) and from time-lapse images of an embryo at a specific focal plane with 30 min between two time points (K–L). The low-entropy regions produced are displayed to the right of each input image. The window size was 10 × 10 pixels and the threshold value was 175. |
PMC1175842_F3_2552.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Low-entropy regions of different focal planes and different time points. (A – E and K–O) Input images. (F–J and P–T) Low-entropy regions (black) produced from the input images. Low-entropy regions were produced from multifocal images of an embryo at a specific time point in the four-cell stage with 4.5 μm between two focal planes (A–E) and from time-lapse images of an embryo at a specific focal plane with 30 min between two time points (K–L). The low-entropy regions produced are displayed to the right of each input image. The window size was 10 × 10 pixels and the threshold value was 175. |
PMC1175842_F3_2544.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Low-entropy regions of different focal planes and different time points. (A – E and K–O) Input images. (F–J and P–T) Low-entropy regions (black) produced from the input images. Low-entropy regions were produced from multifocal images of an embryo at a specific time point in the four-cell stage with 4.5 μm between two focal planes (A–E) and from time-lapse images of an embryo at a specific focal plane with 30 min between two time points (K–L). The low-entropy regions produced are displayed to the right of each input image. The window size was 10 × 10 pixels and the threshold value was 175. |
PMC1175842_F3_2539.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Low-entropy regions of different focal planes and different time points. (A – E and K–O) Input images. (F–J and P–T) Low-entropy regions (black) produced from the input images. Low-entropy regions were produced from multifocal images of an embryo at a specific time point in the four-cell stage with 4.5 μm between two focal planes (A–E) and from time-lapse images of an embryo at a specific focal plane with 30 min between two time points (K–L). The low-entropy regions produced are displayed to the right of each input image. The window size was 10 × 10 pixels and the threshold value was 175. |
PMC1175842_F4_2535.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Overview of forward and backward trackings. Low-entropy regions selected by forward tracking are shown in the left column and those selected by backward tracking after the selection by forward tracking are shown in the right column. These low-entropy regions (white) are overlaid on their corresponding input images. Solid arrows represent the tracking of low-entropy regions. The broken arrow represents a dead-end branch of tracking. |
PMC1175842_F4_2534.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Overview of forward and backward trackings. Low-entropy regions selected by forward tracking are shown in the left column and those selected by backward tracking after the selection by forward tracking are shown in the right column. These low-entropy regions (white) are overlaid on their corresponding input images. Solid arrows represent the tracking of low-entropy regions. The broken arrow represents a dead-end branch of tracking. |
PMC1175842_F4_2530.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Overview of forward and backward trackings. Low-entropy regions selected by forward tracking are shown in the left column and those selected by backward tracking after the selection by forward tracking are shown in the right column. These low-entropy regions (white) are overlaid on their corresponding input images. Solid arrows represent the tracking of low-entropy regions. The broken arrow represents a dead-end branch of tracking. |
PMC1175842_F4_2531.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Overview of forward and backward trackings. Low-entropy regions selected by forward tracking are shown in the left column and those selected by backward tracking after the selection by forward tracking are shown in the right column. These low-entropy regions (white) are overlaid on their corresponding input images. Solid arrows represent the tracking of low-entropy regions. The broken arrow represents a dead-end branch of tracking. |
PMC1175842_F4_2532.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Overview of forward and backward trackings. Low-entropy regions selected by forward tracking are shown in the left column and those selected by backward tracking after the selection by forward tracking are shown in the right column. These low-entropy regions (white) are overlaid on their corresponding input images. Solid arrows represent the tracking of low-entropy regions. The broken arrow represents a dead-end branch of tracking. |
PMC1175842_F4_2529.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Overview of forward and backward trackings. Low-entropy regions selected by forward tracking are shown in the left column and those selected by backward tracking after the selection by forward tracking are shown in the right column. These low-entropy regions (white) are overlaid on their corresponding input images. Solid arrows represent the tracking of low-entropy regions. The broken arrow represents a dead-end branch of tracking. |
PMC1175842_F4_2536.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Overview of forward and backward trackings. Low-entropy regions selected by forward tracking are shown in the left column and those selected by backward tracking after the selection by forward tracking are shown in the right column. These low-entropy regions (white) are overlaid on their corresponding input images. Solid arrows represent the tracking of low-entropy regions. The broken arrow represents a dead-end branch of tracking. |
PMC1175873_F1_2555.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Histology samples from the three groups. (a) Normal pancreatic histology in group I (the sham operated group). (b) Light micrograph showing severe and extensive parenchymal necrosis, with few normal acinar cells in group II (the positive control group). (c) Light micrograph showing mild edema, parenchymal focal necrosis, and inflammation in group III (the activated protein C treated group). All samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and the original magnification for each image is 50×. |
PMC1175873_F1_2556.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Histology samples from the three groups. (a) Normal pancreatic histology in group I (the sham operated group). (b) Light micrograph showing severe and extensive parenchymal necrosis, with few normal acinar cells in group II (the positive control group). (c) Light micrograph showing mild edema, parenchymal focal necrosis, and inflammation in group III (the activated protein C treated group). All samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and the original magnification for each image is 50×. |
PMC1177930_F4_2560.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Light microscopy of hematoxylin and eosin-stained section of representative lungs from controls (A, B ) and treatment groups (XRT-WT vs. XRT-TG) at 3 wk (C, D ) and 14 wks (E, F ). Representative lung sections from XRT-WT exposed to 3 wk of radiation showing mild to moderate damage at 3 wk after radiation (C ), which gradually increased with time course of injury and become moderate to severe with increased thickening of alveolar wall and enhanced infiltration composed mainly of macrophages and other inflammatory cells at 14 weeks (E ). Whereas the XRT-TG mice showing mild-modest alveolar septal thickness and fewer numbers of alveolar macrophages and other inflammatory cells (D, F ). Magnification × 400. |
PMC1177930_F4_2559.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Light microscopy of hematoxylin and eosin-stained section of representative lungs from controls (A, B ) and treatment groups (XRT-WT vs. XRT-TG) at 3 wk (C, D ) and 14 wks (E, F ). Representative lung sections from XRT-WT exposed to 3 wk of radiation showing mild to moderate damage at 3 wk after radiation (C ), which gradually increased with time course of injury and become moderate to severe with increased thickening of alveolar wall and enhanced infiltration composed mainly of macrophages and other inflammatory cells at 14 weeks (E ). Whereas the XRT-TG mice showing mild-modest alveolar septal thickness and fewer numbers of alveolar macrophages and other inflammatory cells (D, F ). Magnification × 400. |
PMC1177930_F4_2558.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Light microscopy of hematoxylin and eosin-stained section of representative lungs from controls (A, B ) and treatment groups (XRT-WT vs. XRT-TG) at 3 wk (C, D ) and 14 wks (E, F ). Representative lung sections from XRT-WT exposed to 3 wk of radiation showing mild to moderate damage at 3 wk after radiation (C ), which gradually increased with time course of injury and become moderate to severe with increased thickening of alveolar wall and enhanced infiltration composed mainly of macrophages and other inflammatory cells at 14 weeks (E ). Whereas the XRT-TG mice showing mild-modest alveolar septal thickness and fewer numbers of alveolar macrophages and other inflammatory cells (D, F ). Magnification × 400. |
PMC1177930_F4_2561.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Light microscopy of hematoxylin and eosin-stained section of representative lungs from controls (A, B ) and treatment groups (XRT-WT vs. XRT-TG) at 3 wk (C, D ) and 14 wks (E, F ). Representative lung sections from XRT-WT exposed to 3 wk of radiation showing mild to moderate damage at 3 wk after radiation (C ), which gradually increased with time course of injury and become moderate to severe with increased thickening of alveolar wall and enhanced infiltration composed mainly of macrophages and other inflammatory cells at 14 weeks (E ). Whereas the XRT-TG mice showing mild-modest alveolar septal thickness and fewer numbers of alveolar macrophages and other inflammatory cells (D, F ). Magnification × 400. |
PMC1177934_F4_2565.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Cellular localization of various Tim50a proteins. Hela cells were transfected with GFP-tagged proteins (first column), followed by staining with antibody Y12 (second column) to detect Sm proteins (snRNPs). The merged image in color is shown in the last column (GFP is green, Sm proteins are red). Arrows mark speckles whereas arrowheads demarcate Cajal bodies. Note that cells for GFP-CAP50 and GFP-Tim50aN87 are shown at a lower magnification compared to the other images in order to demonstrate the cytoplasmic localization of these proteins. |
PMC1177934_F4_2566.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Cellular localization of various Tim50a proteins. Hela cells were transfected with GFP-tagged proteins (first column), followed by staining with antibody Y12 (second column) to detect Sm proteins (snRNPs). The merged image in color is shown in the last column (GFP is green, Sm proteins are red). Arrows mark speckles whereas arrowheads demarcate Cajal bodies. Note that cells for GFP-CAP50 and GFP-Tim50aN87 are shown at a lower magnification compared to the other images in order to demonstrate the cytoplasmic localization of these proteins. |
PMC1177934_F4_2577.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Cellular localization of various Tim50a proteins. Hela cells were transfected with GFP-tagged proteins (first column), followed by staining with antibody Y12 (second column) to detect Sm proteins (snRNPs). The merged image in color is shown in the last column (GFP is green, Sm proteins are red). Arrows mark speckles whereas arrowheads demarcate Cajal bodies. Note that cells for GFP-CAP50 and GFP-Tim50aN87 are shown at a lower magnification compared to the other images in order to demonstrate the cytoplasmic localization of these proteins. |
PMC1177934_F4_2576.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Cellular localization of various Tim50a proteins. Hela cells were transfected with GFP-tagged proteins (first column), followed by staining with antibody Y12 (second column) to detect Sm proteins (snRNPs). The merged image in color is shown in the last column (GFP is green, Sm proteins are red). Arrows mark speckles whereas arrowheads demarcate Cajal bodies. Note that cells for GFP-CAP50 and GFP-Tim50aN87 are shown at a lower magnification compared to the other images in order to demonstrate the cytoplasmic localization of these proteins. |
PMC1177934_F4_2571.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Cellular localization of various Tim50a proteins. Hela cells were transfected with GFP-tagged proteins (first column), followed by staining with antibody Y12 (second column) to detect Sm proteins (snRNPs). The merged image in color is shown in the last column (GFP is green, Sm proteins are red). Arrows mark speckles whereas arrowheads demarcate Cajal bodies. Note that cells for GFP-CAP50 and GFP-Tim50aN87 are shown at a lower magnification compared to the other images in order to demonstrate the cytoplasmic localization of these proteins. |
PMC1177934_F4_2564.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Cellular localization of various Tim50a proteins. Hela cells were transfected with GFP-tagged proteins (first column), followed by staining with antibody Y12 (second column) to detect Sm proteins (snRNPs). The merged image in color is shown in the last column (GFP is green, Sm proteins are red). Arrows mark speckles whereas arrowheads demarcate Cajal bodies. Note that cells for GFP-CAP50 and GFP-Tim50aN87 are shown at a lower magnification compared to the other images in order to demonstrate the cytoplasmic localization of these proteins. |
PMC1177934_F4_2569.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Cellular localization of various Tim50a proteins. Hela cells were transfected with GFP-tagged proteins (first column), followed by staining with antibody Y12 (second column) to detect Sm proteins (snRNPs). The merged image in color is shown in the last column (GFP is green, Sm proteins are red). Arrows mark speckles whereas arrowheads demarcate Cajal bodies. Note that cells for GFP-CAP50 and GFP-Tim50aN87 are shown at a lower magnification compared to the other images in order to demonstrate the cytoplasmic localization of these proteins. |
PMC1177934_F4_2567.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Cellular localization of various Tim50a proteins. Hela cells were transfected with GFP-tagged proteins (first column), followed by staining with antibody Y12 (second column) to detect Sm proteins (snRNPs). The merged image in color is shown in the last column (GFP is green, Sm proteins are red). Arrows mark speckles whereas arrowheads demarcate Cajal bodies. Note that cells for GFP-CAP50 and GFP-Tim50aN87 are shown at a lower magnification compared to the other images in order to demonstrate the cytoplasmic localization of these proteins. |
PMC1177934_F4_2575.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Cellular localization of various Tim50a proteins. Hela cells were transfected with GFP-tagged proteins (first column), followed by staining with antibody Y12 (second column) to detect Sm proteins (snRNPs). The merged image in color is shown in the last column (GFP is green, Sm proteins are red). Arrows mark speckles whereas arrowheads demarcate Cajal bodies. Note that cells for GFP-CAP50 and GFP-Tim50aN87 are shown at a lower magnification compared to the other images in order to demonstrate the cytoplasmic localization of these proteins. |
PMC1177934_F4_2572.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Cellular localization of various Tim50a proteins. Hela cells were transfected with GFP-tagged proteins (first column), followed by staining with antibody Y12 (second column) to detect Sm proteins (snRNPs). The merged image in color is shown in the last column (GFP is green, Sm proteins are red). Arrows mark speckles whereas arrowheads demarcate Cajal bodies. Note that cells for GFP-CAP50 and GFP-Tim50aN87 are shown at a lower magnification compared to the other images in order to demonstrate the cytoplasmic localization of these proteins. |
PMC1177935_F1_2578.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Chest roentgenogram upon admission. Frontal chest roentgenogram revealed extensive bilateral diffuse pulmonary infiltrations, left greater than right. |
PMC1177971_F5_2579.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | BMS35S::R+35S::C1 cells have multiple vacuoles. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (false colored) images of (A) BMS and (B) BMS35S::R+35S::C1 cells loaded with 10 μM of the vacuolar dye BCECF-AM. Laser scanning confocal 'light transmitted' images of (C) BMS and (D) BMS35S::R+35S::C1 cells are shown in black and white. The bar represent 20 μm. |
PMC1177971_F5_2580.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | BMS35S::R+35S::C1 cells have multiple vacuoles. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (false colored) images of (A) BMS and (B) BMS35S::R+35S::C1 cells loaded with 10 μM of the vacuolar dye BCECF-AM. Laser scanning confocal 'light transmitted' images of (C) BMS and (D) BMS35S::R+35S::C1 cells are shown in black and white. The bar represent 20 μm. |
PMC1177971_F5_2581.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | BMS35S::R+35S::C1 cells have multiple vacuoles. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (false colored) images of (A) BMS and (B) BMS35S::R+35S::C1 cells loaded with 10 μM of the vacuolar dye BCECF-AM. Laser scanning confocal 'light transmitted' images of (C) BMS and (D) BMS35S::R+35S::C1 cells are shown in black and white. The bar represent 20 μm. |
PMC1177971_F5_2582.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | BMS35S::R+35S::C1 cells have multiple vacuoles. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (false colored) images of (A) BMS and (B) BMS35S::R+35S::C1 cells loaded with 10 μM of the vacuolar dye BCECF-AM. Laser scanning confocal 'light transmitted' images of (C) BMS and (D) BMS35S::R+35S::C1 cells are shown in black and white. The bar represent 20 μm. |
PMC1177971_F10_2589.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Sub-cellular morphology of BI Pl maize floral cells accumulating anthocyanins. DIC images of a maize lemma from B-I/B-Peru plant over-accumulating anthocyanins. The above are extracted images from a time-lapse series (See Additional file 1: Movie 1). The time points on the images indicate the period from time 0' i.e. when the sample was mounted onto the stage and exposed to the microscope light. (A) and (B) occur earlier in the series while (D), (C) and (E) are in rapid succession (24 seconds apart). The large central inclusion corresponds to a vacuolar inclusion containing anthocyanins measuring 15 μm in diameter. The green, blue and black arrows indicate, in that order, sequential stages in the conversion of thin tubular anthocyanin-filled structures to thick sheet-like structures. The orange arrows indicate the next step, which is the conversion into round structures. The red arrows indicate large fusion bodies resulting from the fusion of the swollen round structures. The yellow arrows point to clear spherical structures devoid of anthocyanins. The bar represents 10 μm. |
PMC1177971_F10_2590.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Sub-cellular morphology of BI Pl maize floral cells accumulating anthocyanins. DIC images of a maize lemma from B-I/B-Peru plant over-accumulating anthocyanins. The above are extracted images from a time-lapse series (See Additional file 1: Movie 1). The time points on the images indicate the period from time 0' i.e. when the sample was mounted onto the stage and exposed to the microscope light. (A) and (B) occur earlier in the series while (D), (C) and (E) are in rapid succession (24 seconds apart). The large central inclusion corresponds to a vacuolar inclusion containing anthocyanins measuring 15 μm in diameter. The green, blue and black arrows indicate, in that order, sequential stages in the conversion of thin tubular anthocyanin-filled structures to thick sheet-like structures. The orange arrows indicate the next step, which is the conversion into round structures. The red arrows indicate large fusion bodies resulting from the fusion of the swollen round structures. The yellow arrows point to clear spherical structures devoid of anthocyanins. The bar represents 10 μm. |
PMC1177971_F10_2587.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Sub-cellular morphology of BI Pl maize floral cells accumulating anthocyanins. DIC images of a maize lemma from B-I/B-Peru plant over-accumulating anthocyanins. The above are extracted images from a time-lapse series (See Additional file 1: Movie 1). The time points on the images indicate the period from time 0' i.e. when the sample was mounted onto the stage and exposed to the microscope light. (A) and (B) occur earlier in the series while (D), (C) and (E) are in rapid succession (24 seconds apart). The large central inclusion corresponds to a vacuolar inclusion containing anthocyanins measuring 15 μm in diameter. The green, blue and black arrows indicate, in that order, sequential stages in the conversion of thin tubular anthocyanin-filled structures to thick sheet-like structures. The orange arrows indicate the next step, which is the conversion into round structures. The red arrows indicate large fusion bodies resulting from the fusion of the swollen round structures. The yellow arrows point to clear spherical structures devoid of anthocyanins. The bar represents 10 μm. |
PMC1177974_F2_2586.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Normal and reactive hepatocytes: FNAB. (A) Hepatocytes show dense granular cytoplasm, round central nuclei, well-delineated nuclear membrane, distinct nucleoli, granular chromatin and binucleation. Note polymorphism displayed by nonneoplastic hepatocytes. The cells contain brown granules of lipofuscin pigment in the cytoplasm (Papanicolaou). (B) Lipofuscin appears as black granules. The two elongated nuclei are likely to be Kupffer cells (May-Grunwald-Giemsa). |
PMC1177974_F2_2585.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Normal and reactive hepatocytes: FNAB. (A) Hepatocytes show dense granular cytoplasm, round central nuclei, well-delineated nuclear membrane, distinct nucleoli, granular chromatin and binucleation. Note polymorphism displayed by nonneoplastic hepatocytes. The cells contain brown granules of lipofuscin pigment in the cytoplasm (Papanicolaou). (B) Lipofuscin appears as black granules. The two elongated nuclei are likely to be Kupffer cells (May-Grunwald-Giemsa). |
PMC1177974_F3_2583.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Hepatocytes with large cell change: FNAB. There is simultaneous nuclear and cell enlargement of the hepatocytes, thus maintaining the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio of 1/3. Note mild nuclear atypia (Papanicolaou). |
PMC1177974_F5_2594.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma with trabecular and pseudoacinar patterns: FNAB. (A) Thick arborizing cords of malignant hepatocytes showing cellular monotony, increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, and impression of nuclear crowding. The circular spaces among the cords represent pseudoacini (Papanicolaou). (B) Corresponding histologic section of the tumor shows trabecular-sinusoidal arrangement with pseudoacini. Note the uniformity of the tumor cells and cords 2 to 3 cells thick (H&E). |
PMC1177974_F5_2593.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma with trabecular and pseudoacinar patterns: FNAB. (A) Thick arborizing cords of malignant hepatocytes showing cellular monotony, increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, and impression of nuclear crowding. The circular spaces among the cords represent pseudoacini (Papanicolaou). (B) Corresponding histologic section of the tumor shows trabecular-sinusoidal arrangement with pseudoacini. Note the uniformity of the tumor cells and cords 2 to 3 cells thick (H&E). |
PMC1177974_F6_2598.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma: FNAB. Thick cords of malignant hepatocytes are wrapped by peripheral endothelium. They appear to be floating on transverse section view (Papanicolaou). |
PMC1177974_F7_2601.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma with pseudoacinar pattern: FNAB. (A) Pseudoacini filled with bile which appears as dark brown blobs (Papanicolaou) (B) Bile appears black (May-Grunwald-Giemsa). (C) Corresponding histologic section of the tumor shows cystically dilated canaliculi filled with golden-brown bile and surrounded by polygonal cells with central nuclei (H&E). |
PMC1177974_F7_2600.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma with pseudoacinar pattern: FNAB. (A) Pseudoacini filled with bile which appears as dark brown blobs (Papanicolaou) (B) Bile appears black (May-Grunwald-Giemsa). (C) Corresponding histologic section of the tumor shows cystically dilated canaliculi filled with golden-brown bile and surrounded by polygonal cells with central nuclei (H&E). |
PMC1177974_F7_2599.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma with pseudoacinar pattern: FNAB. (A) Pseudoacini filled with bile which appears as dark brown blobs (Papanicolaou) (B) Bile appears black (May-Grunwald-Giemsa). (C) Corresponding histologic section of the tumor shows cystically dilated canaliculi filled with golden-brown bile and surrounded by polygonal cells with central nuclei (H&E). |
PMC1177974_F8_2592.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma: FNAB. High-grade tumor shows marked pleomorphism but still retaining some hepatocytic characteristics (Papanicolaou). |
PMC1177974_F9_2596.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma: FNAB. Atypical naked hepatocytic nuclei exhibit pleomorphism, thin nuclear membrane, nuclear contour irregularities, prominent nucleoli and multinucleation (Papanicolaou). |
PMC1177974_F11_2595.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Hepatocellular carcinoma: FNAB. The tumor cells stain positively for alpha-fetoprotein (Immunostain). |
PMC1177991_F2_2603.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Morphological changes induced by TGF-β1. A549 cells were incubated with 5 ng/ml of TGF-β1 for 48 h. (A) Untreated A549 cells show a pebble-like shape and cell-cell adhesion is clearly observed. (B) TGF-β1-treated cells show a decrease in cell-cell contacts and adopt a more elongated morphological shape (magnification of 200×). |
PMC1177991_F2_2602.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Morphological changes induced by TGF-β1. A549 cells were incubated with 5 ng/ml of TGF-β1 for 48 h. (A) Untreated A549 cells show a pebble-like shape and cell-cell adhesion is clearly observed. (B) TGF-β1-treated cells show a decrease in cell-cell contacts and adopt a more elongated morphological shape (magnification of 200×). |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.