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PMC1208937_F7_3169.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Uterine anomalies. Three-dimensional sonography has become the 'gold standard' investigation for the diagnosis and exclusion of congenital uterine anomalies. Its extremely high sensitivity and specificity relate to its ability to demonstrate the plane coronal perpendicular to the transducer face and in doing so allow visualisation of the fundal contour and comparison of the myometrium with the endometrium throughout the uterine length. Figure 7a shows normal cornna with straight contours at the upper aspect of the cavity in contrast to the characteristic concave contour seen in arcuate uteri (Fig. 7b) and the deeper contour of various length seen in sub-septate uteri (Figs. 7c, 7d & 7e). Any indentation of the fundal contour may also be appreciated in the coronal plane as seen in the multiplanar display in Figure 7f. This uterus had been considered normal with conventional ultrasound, which only provides the longitudinal and transverse views seen in the upper two images, but laparoscopy had demonstrated a bulky uterus with a possible fundal defect and a follow-up three-dimensional ultrasound confirmed the presence of a significant septum. The size of the septal defect can be measured as shown in Figure 7g but may be less important than the remaining length of the cavity shown as a bold dashed line. |
PMC1208937_F7_3172.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Uterine anomalies. Three-dimensional sonography has become the 'gold standard' investigation for the diagnosis and exclusion of congenital uterine anomalies. Its extremely high sensitivity and specificity relate to its ability to demonstrate the plane coronal perpendicular to the transducer face and in doing so allow visualisation of the fundal contour and comparison of the myometrium with the endometrium throughout the uterine length. Figure 7a shows normal cornna with straight contours at the upper aspect of the cavity in contrast to the characteristic concave contour seen in arcuate uteri (Fig. 7b) and the deeper contour of various length seen in sub-septate uteri (Figs. 7c, 7d & 7e). Any indentation of the fundal contour may also be appreciated in the coronal plane as seen in the multiplanar display in Figure 7f. This uterus had been considered normal with conventional ultrasound, which only provides the longitudinal and transverse views seen in the upper two images, but laparoscopy had demonstrated a bulky uterus with a possible fundal defect and a follow-up three-dimensional ultrasound confirmed the presence of a significant septum. The size of the septal defect can be measured as shown in Figure 7g but may be less important than the remaining length of the cavity shown as a bold dashed line. |
PMC1208937_F7_3170.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Uterine anomalies. Three-dimensional sonography has become the 'gold standard' investigation for the diagnosis and exclusion of congenital uterine anomalies. Its extremely high sensitivity and specificity relate to its ability to demonstrate the plane coronal perpendicular to the transducer face and in doing so allow visualisation of the fundal contour and comparison of the myometrium with the endometrium throughout the uterine length. Figure 7a shows normal cornna with straight contours at the upper aspect of the cavity in contrast to the characteristic concave contour seen in arcuate uteri (Fig. 7b) and the deeper contour of various length seen in sub-septate uteri (Figs. 7c, 7d & 7e). Any indentation of the fundal contour may also be appreciated in the coronal plane as seen in the multiplanar display in Figure 7f. This uterus had been considered normal with conventional ultrasound, which only provides the longitudinal and transverse views seen in the upper two images, but laparoscopy had demonstrated a bulky uterus with a possible fundal defect and a follow-up three-dimensional ultrasound confirmed the presence of a significant septum. The size of the septal defect can be measured as shown in Figure 7g but may be less important than the remaining length of the cavity shown as a bold dashed line. |
PMC1208937_F7_3173.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Uterine anomalies. Three-dimensional sonography has become the 'gold standard' investigation for the diagnosis and exclusion of congenital uterine anomalies. Its extremely high sensitivity and specificity relate to its ability to demonstrate the plane coronal perpendicular to the transducer face and in doing so allow visualisation of the fundal contour and comparison of the myometrium with the endometrium throughout the uterine length. Figure 7a shows normal cornna with straight contours at the upper aspect of the cavity in contrast to the characteristic concave contour seen in arcuate uteri (Fig. 7b) and the deeper contour of various length seen in sub-septate uteri (Figs. 7c, 7d & 7e). Any indentation of the fundal contour may also be appreciated in the coronal plane as seen in the multiplanar display in Figure 7f. This uterus had been considered normal with conventional ultrasound, which only provides the longitudinal and transverse views seen in the upper two images, but laparoscopy had demonstrated a bulky uterus with a possible fundal defect and a follow-up three-dimensional ultrasound confirmed the presence of a significant septum. The size of the septal defect can be measured as shown in Figure 7g but may be less important than the remaining length of the cavity shown as a bold dashed line. |
PMC1208937_F9_3181.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Three-dimensional saline infusion contrast sonography. Two-dimensional ultrasound had shown a persistently thick endometrium despite several weeks of pituitary suppression prior IVF treatment and saline infusion sonography has proven unhelpful simply confirming a thick endometrium despite very low serum oestradiol levels. A three-dimensional acquisition was undertaken therefore both before (Fig. 9a) and during the instillation of saline (Fig. 9b) and subsequently analysed off-line to reduce the amount of saline used and overall time needed for the examination. A large sub-mucosal leiomyoma with a broad base was seen originating from the left posterior aspect of the uterus that almost entirely occupied the cavity (Fig. 9b). This allowed the cancellation of the planned IVF treatment with the patient continuing her 'down-regulation' medication for a further two-months at which stage the fibroid was removed transcervically using a modified operative hysteroscope. |
PMC1208937_F9_3180.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Three-dimensional saline infusion contrast sonography. Two-dimensional ultrasound had shown a persistently thick endometrium despite several weeks of pituitary suppression prior IVF treatment and saline infusion sonography has proven unhelpful simply confirming a thick endometrium despite very low serum oestradiol levels. A three-dimensional acquisition was undertaken therefore both before (Fig. 9a) and during the instillation of saline (Fig. 9b) and subsequently analysed off-line to reduce the amount of saline used and overall time needed for the examination. A large sub-mucosal leiomyoma with a broad base was seen originating from the left posterior aspect of the uterus that almost entirely occupied the cavity (Fig. 9b). This allowed the cancellation of the planned IVF treatment with the patient continuing her 'down-regulation' medication for a further two-months at which stage the fibroid was removed transcervically using a modified operative hysteroscope. |
PMC1208937_F10_3166.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Polycystic ovaries. Three-dimensional sonography facilitates objective assessment of the ovarian stroma, through measurement of its mean grey signal intensity, its vascularity and its volume, which may be calculated by subtracting total follicular volume from total ovarian volume (Fig. 9A). Ovarian blood flow is increased and associated with significantly higher three-dimensional indices of vascularity than ovaries with a normal appearance (Fig. 10b). |
PMC1208937_F10_3167.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Polycystic ovaries. Three-dimensional sonography facilitates objective assessment of the ovarian stroma, through measurement of its mean grey signal intensity, its vascularity and its volume, which may be calculated by subtracting total follicular volume from total ovarian volume (Fig. 9A). Ovarian blood flow is increased and associated with significantly higher three-dimensional indices of vascularity than ovaries with a normal appearance (Fig. 10b). |
PMC1208937_F12_3178.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Controlled ovarian stimulation. Three-dimensional sonography may be used to facilitate standard measurement of follicular diameter (a). During the latter stages of ovarian stimulation the ovaries may contain many follicles, which become progressively harder to measure reliably between observers, as there are no landmarks to aid orientation. Off-line analysis of stored three-dimensional datasets reduces the time spent with the patient and may potentially improve the number of mature oocytes retrieved by identifying the most appropriate time for oocyte collection. Evidence also suggests that three-dimensional rendering allows demonstration of the cumulus oophorus complex in follicles containing a mature oocyte (b). |
PMC1208937_F12_3177.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Controlled ovarian stimulation. Three-dimensional sonography may be used to facilitate standard measurement of follicular diameter (a). During the latter stages of ovarian stimulation the ovaries may contain many follicles, which become progressively harder to measure reliably between observers, as there are no landmarks to aid orientation. Off-line analysis of stored three-dimensional datasets reduces the time spent with the patient and may potentially improve the number of mature oocytes retrieved by identifying the most appropriate time for oocyte collection. Evidence also suggests that three-dimensional rendering allows demonstration of the cumulus oophorus complex in follicles containing a mature oocyte (b). |
PMC1208937_F12_3176.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Controlled ovarian stimulation. Three-dimensional sonography may be used to facilitate standard measurement of follicular diameter (a). During the latter stages of ovarian stimulation the ovaries may contain many follicles, which become progressively harder to measure reliably between observers, as there are no landmarks to aid orientation. Off-line analysis of stored three-dimensional datasets reduces the time spent with the patient and may potentially improve the number of mature oocytes retrieved by identifying the most appropriate time for oocyte collection. Evidence also suggests that three-dimensional rendering allows demonstration of the cumulus oophorus complex in follicles containing a mature oocyte (b). |
PMC1208937_F12_3179.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Controlled ovarian stimulation. Three-dimensional sonography may be used to facilitate standard measurement of follicular diameter (a). During the latter stages of ovarian stimulation the ovaries may contain many follicles, which become progressively harder to measure reliably between observers, as there are no landmarks to aid orientation. Off-line analysis of stored three-dimensional datasets reduces the time spent with the patient and may potentially improve the number of mature oocytes retrieved by identifying the most appropriate time for oocyte collection. Evidence also suggests that three-dimensional rendering allows demonstration of the cumulus oophorus complex in follicles containing a mature oocyte (b). |
PMC1208959_F4_3187.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Immunofluorescence-based syncytia assay of Hendra virus and Nipah virus infection. Vero cells were plated into 96 well plates and grown to 90% confluence. Cells were pre-treated with heptad peptides for 30 min at 37°C prior to infection with 1.5 × 103 TCID50/ml and 7.5 × 102 TCID50/ml of live HeV or NiV (combined with peptide). Cells were incubated for 24 hours, fixed in methanol and immunofluorescently stained for P protein prior to digital microscopy. Images were obtained using an Olympus IX71 inverted microscope coupled to an Olympus DP70 high resolution color camera and all images were obtained at an original magnification of 85×. Representative images of FITC immunofluorescence of anti-P labeled HeV and NiV syncytia are shown. A: HeV without peptide. B: HeV with C-PEG-NiV FC2. C: HeV with N-PEG-ScNiV FC2. D: NiV without peptide. E: NiV with N-PEG-NiV FC2. F: NiV with N-PEG-ScNiV FC2. |
PMC1208959_F4_3183.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Immunofluorescence-based syncytia assay of Hendra virus and Nipah virus infection. Vero cells were plated into 96 well plates and grown to 90% confluence. Cells were pre-treated with heptad peptides for 30 min at 37°C prior to infection with 1.5 × 103 TCID50/ml and 7.5 × 102 TCID50/ml of live HeV or NiV (combined with peptide). Cells were incubated for 24 hours, fixed in methanol and immunofluorescently stained for P protein prior to digital microscopy. Images were obtained using an Olympus IX71 inverted microscope coupled to an Olympus DP70 high resolution color camera and all images were obtained at an original magnification of 85×. Representative images of FITC immunofluorescence of anti-P labeled HeV and NiV syncytia are shown. A: HeV without peptide. B: HeV with C-PEG-NiV FC2. C: HeV with N-PEG-ScNiV FC2. D: NiV without peptide. E: NiV with N-PEG-NiV FC2. F: NiV with N-PEG-ScNiV FC2. |
PMC1208959_F4_3185.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Immunofluorescence-based syncytia assay of Hendra virus and Nipah virus infection. Vero cells were plated into 96 well plates and grown to 90% confluence. Cells were pre-treated with heptad peptides for 30 min at 37°C prior to infection with 1.5 × 103 TCID50/ml and 7.5 × 102 TCID50/ml of live HeV or NiV (combined with peptide). Cells were incubated for 24 hours, fixed in methanol and immunofluorescently stained for P protein prior to digital microscopy. Images were obtained using an Olympus IX71 inverted microscope coupled to an Olympus DP70 high resolution color camera and all images were obtained at an original magnification of 85×. Representative images of FITC immunofluorescence of anti-P labeled HeV and NiV syncytia are shown. A: HeV without peptide. B: HeV with C-PEG-NiV FC2. C: HeV with N-PEG-ScNiV FC2. D: NiV without peptide. E: NiV with N-PEG-NiV FC2. F: NiV with N-PEG-ScNiV FC2. |
PMC1208959_F4_3186.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Immunofluorescence-based syncytia assay of Hendra virus and Nipah virus infection. Vero cells were plated into 96 well plates and grown to 90% confluence. Cells were pre-treated with heptad peptides for 30 min at 37°C prior to infection with 1.5 × 103 TCID50/ml and 7.5 × 102 TCID50/ml of live HeV or NiV (combined with peptide). Cells were incubated for 24 hours, fixed in methanol and immunofluorescently stained for P protein prior to digital microscopy. Images were obtained using an Olympus IX71 inverted microscope coupled to an Olympus DP70 high resolution color camera and all images were obtained at an original magnification of 85×. Representative images of FITC immunofluorescence of anti-P labeled HeV and NiV syncytia are shown. A: HeV without peptide. B: HeV with C-PEG-NiV FC2. C: HeV with N-PEG-ScNiV FC2. D: NiV without peptide. E: NiV with N-PEG-NiV FC2. F: NiV with N-PEG-ScNiV FC2. |
PMC1208959_F4_3184.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Immunofluorescence-based syncytia assay of Hendra virus and Nipah virus infection. Vero cells were plated into 96 well plates and grown to 90% confluence. Cells were pre-treated with heptad peptides for 30 min at 37°C prior to infection with 1.5 × 103 TCID50/ml and 7.5 × 102 TCID50/ml of live HeV or NiV (combined with peptide). Cells were incubated for 24 hours, fixed in methanol and immunofluorescently stained for P protein prior to digital microscopy. Images were obtained using an Olympus IX71 inverted microscope coupled to an Olympus DP70 high resolution color camera and all images were obtained at an original magnification of 85×. Representative images of FITC immunofluorescence of anti-P labeled HeV and NiV syncytia are shown. A: HeV without peptide. B: HeV with C-PEG-NiV FC2. C: HeV with N-PEG-ScNiV FC2. D: NiV without peptide. E: NiV with N-PEG-NiV FC2. F: NiV with N-PEG-ScNiV FC2. |
PMC1208959_F4_3182.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Immunofluorescence-based syncytia assay of Hendra virus and Nipah virus infection. Vero cells were plated into 96 well plates and grown to 90% confluence. Cells were pre-treated with heptad peptides for 30 min at 37°C prior to infection with 1.5 × 103 TCID50/ml and 7.5 × 102 TCID50/ml of live HeV or NiV (combined with peptide). Cells were incubated for 24 hours, fixed in methanol and immunofluorescently stained for P protein prior to digital microscopy. Images were obtained using an Olympus IX71 inverted microscope coupled to an Olympus DP70 high resolution color camera and all images were obtained at an original magnification of 85×. Representative images of FITC immunofluorescence of anti-P labeled HeV and NiV syncytia are shown. A: HeV without peptide. B: HeV with C-PEG-NiV FC2. C: HeV with N-PEG-ScNiV FC2. D: NiV without peptide. E: NiV with N-PEG-NiV FC2. F: NiV with N-PEG-ScNiV FC2. |
PMC1208964_F1_3197.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Red free fundus photographs and late phases of fluorescein angiography. (A, B) On initial examination, red free photograph and late phase of fluorescein angiography of the left eye demonstrated swelling of the optic disc, ischemic macular edema, narrowing of the arterioles, dilatation of the venules and superficial retinal hemorrhages. (C, D) Four weeks later, fundus examination of the initially uninvolved right eye revealed swelling of the optic disc with hemorrhages and ischemic macular edema. |
PMC1208964_F1_3196.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Red free fundus photographs and late phases of fluorescein angiography. (A, B) On initial examination, red free photograph and late phase of fluorescein angiography of the left eye demonstrated swelling of the optic disc, ischemic macular edema, narrowing of the arterioles, dilatation of the venules and superficial retinal hemorrhages. (C, D) Four weeks later, fundus examination of the initially uninvolved right eye revealed swelling of the optic disc with hemorrhages and ischemic macular edema. |
PMC1208964_F2_3192.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Red free fundus photograph of the right eye after intravenous corticosteroid treatment. Fundus examination disclosed several enlarging foci of necrotizing retinitis. |
PMC1208964_F2_3191.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Red free fundus photograph of the right eye after intravenous corticosteroid treatment. Fundus examination disclosed several enlarging foci of necrotizing retinitis. |
PMC1208964_F2_3189.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Red free fundus photograph of the right eye after intravenous corticosteroid treatment. Fundus examination disclosed several enlarging foci of necrotizing retinitis. |
PMC1208965_F2_3193.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Macroscopic specimens identified a type-3 tumor at the pylorus of the stomach. |
PMC1208965_F2_3194.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Macroscopic specimens identified a type-3 tumor at the pylorus of the stomach. |
PMC1208965_F4_3201.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Photomicrograph of a) stomach showing well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma (left). (Hematoxylin and Eosin ×400) and b) bladder biopsy specimen showing well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma (right) (Hematoxylin and Eosin ×400). |
PMC1208966_F1_3200.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed a large lesion of 5 to 6 cm in relation to the pancreatic body and tail (venous phase A, B, arrows). |
PMC1208966_F2_3202.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Arterial phase of the computed tomography scan of the abdomen shows a hypervascularized area (arrows) in the pancreatic body. |
PMC1215483_F8_3203.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Anti-SEB positive stained cells were located in the colonic mucosa. Colonic biopsies were got from the patients with UC-only (A) and the patients with UC-CRS (B and C). Cryosections were stained with anti-SEB antibody or IgG isotype control immunoglobulin (B). Sections were visualized by the immunoperoxidase method and counterstained with hematoxylin. SEB specific IgE-bearing cells were stained in brown (C). ×200. |
PMC1215483_F8_3204.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Anti-SEB positive stained cells were located in the colonic mucosa. Colonic biopsies were got from the patients with UC-only (A) and the patients with UC-CRS (B and C). Cryosections were stained with anti-SEB antibody or IgG isotype control immunoglobulin (B). Sections were visualized by the immunoperoxidase method and counterstained with hematoxylin. SEB specific IgE-bearing cells were stained in brown (C). ×200. |
PMC1215483_F8_3205.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Anti-SEB positive stained cells were located in the colonic mucosa. Colonic biopsies were got from the patients with UC-only (A) and the patients with UC-CRS (B and C). Cryosections were stained with anti-SEB antibody or IgG isotype control immunoglobulin (B). Sections were visualized by the immunoperoxidase method and counterstained with hematoxylin. SEB specific IgE-bearing cells were stained in brown (C). ×200. |
PMC1215486_F7_3212.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Expression of PlxnB3 in cultivated primary murine cerebellar neurons. Expression of PlxnB3 in cultivated primary cerebellar neurons isolated from six days old c57BL/6J mice (a-f; 400 × magnification) but not in astrocytes (g-i) or oligodendrocytes (j-l) (630 × magnification). The cells were cultivated from a cerebellar homogenate of a six days old mouse and analyzed by combined in situ hybridization (ISH) using a PlxnB3-specific probe (a, d, g, j) and immunocytochemistry (IC) using cell type-specific antibodies (b, e, h, k). Overlays of ISH bright field signals and IC signals (blue) are shown in c, f, i, and l. The cells were grown under the respective selective conditions for neurons, astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. Following ISH slides were used for IC using primary antibodies against Neuromodulin (b) or NeuN (e) for neurons, GFAP for astrocytes (h) or CNPase for Oligodendrocytes (k). The Neuromodulin- and NeuN-positive cells (neurons) shown in b and e are positive for PlxnB3 mRNA (a, d). |
PMC1215486_F7_3208.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Expression of PlxnB3 in cultivated primary murine cerebellar neurons. Expression of PlxnB3 in cultivated primary cerebellar neurons isolated from six days old c57BL/6J mice (a-f; 400 × magnification) but not in astrocytes (g-i) or oligodendrocytes (j-l) (630 × magnification). The cells were cultivated from a cerebellar homogenate of a six days old mouse and analyzed by combined in situ hybridization (ISH) using a PlxnB3-specific probe (a, d, g, j) and immunocytochemistry (IC) using cell type-specific antibodies (b, e, h, k). Overlays of ISH bright field signals and IC signals (blue) are shown in c, f, i, and l. The cells were grown under the respective selective conditions for neurons, astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. Following ISH slides were used for IC using primary antibodies against Neuromodulin (b) or NeuN (e) for neurons, GFAP for astrocytes (h) or CNPase for Oligodendrocytes (k). The Neuromodulin- and NeuN-positive cells (neurons) shown in b and e are positive for PlxnB3 mRNA (a, d). |
PMC1215486_F7_3211.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Expression of PlxnB3 in cultivated primary murine cerebellar neurons. Expression of PlxnB3 in cultivated primary cerebellar neurons isolated from six days old c57BL/6J mice (a-f; 400 × magnification) but not in astrocytes (g-i) or oligodendrocytes (j-l) (630 × magnification). The cells were cultivated from a cerebellar homogenate of a six days old mouse and analyzed by combined in situ hybridization (ISH) using a PlxnB3-specific probe (a, d, g, j) and immunocytochemistry (IC) using cell type-specific antibodies (b, e, h, k). Overlays of ISH bright field signals and IC signals (blue) are shown in c, f, i, and l. The cells were grown under the respective selective conditions for neurons, astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. Following ISH slides were used for IC using primary antibodies against Neuromodulin (b) or NeuN (e) for neurons, GFAP for astrocytes (h) or CNPase for Oligodendrocytes (k). The Neuromodulin- and NeuN-positive cells (neurons) shown in b and e are positive for PlxnB3 mRNA (a, d). |
PMC1215486_F7_3215.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Expression of PlxnB3 in cultivated primary murine cerebellar neurons. Expression of PlxnB3 in cultivated primary cerebellar neurons isolated from six days old c57BL/6J mice (a-f; 400 × magnification) but not in astrocytes (g-i) or oligodendrocytes (j-l) (630 × magnification). The cells were cultivated from a cerebellar homogenate of a six days old mouse and analyzed by combined in situ hybridization (ISH) using a PlxnB3-specific probe (a, d, g, j) and immunocytochemistry (IC) using cell type-specific antibodies (b, e, h, k). Overlays of ISH bright field signals and IC signals (blue) are shown in c, f, i, and l. The cells were grown under the respective selective conditions for neurons, astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. Following ISH slides were used for IC using primary antibodies against Neuromodulin (b) or NeuN (e) for neurons, GFAP for astrocytes (h) or CNPase for Oligodendrocytes (k). The Neuromodulin- and NeuN-positive cells (neurons) shown in b and e are positive for PlxnB3 mRNA (a, d). |
PMC1215486_F7_3207.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Expression of PlxnB3 in cultivated primary murine cerebellar neurons. Expression of PlxnB3 in cultivated primary cerebellar neurons isolated from six days old c57BL/6J mice (a-f; 400 × magnification) but not in astrocytes (g-i) or oligodendrocytes (j-l) (630 × magnification). The cells were cultivated from a cerebellar homogenate of a six days old mouse and analyzed by combined in situ hybridization (ISH) using a PlxnB3-specific probe (a, d, g, j) and immunocytochemistry (IC) using cell type-specific antibodies (b, e, h, k). Overlays of ISH bright field signals and IC signals (blue) are shown in c, f, i, and l. The cells were grown under the respective selective conditions for neurons, astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. Following ISH slides were used for IC using primary antibodies against Neuromodulin (b) or NeuN (e) for neurons, GFAP for astrocytes (h) or CNPase for Oligodendrocytes (k). The Neuromodulin- and NeuN-positive cells (neurons) shown in b and e are positive for PlxnB3 mRNA (a, d). |
PMC1215486_F7_3213.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Expression of PlxnB3 in cultivated primary murine cerebellar neurons. Expression of PlxnB3 in cultivated primary cerebellar neurons isolated from six days old c57BL/6J mice (a-f; 400 × magnification) but not in astrocytes (g-i) or oligodendrocytes (j-l) (630 × magnification). The cells were cultivated from a cerebellar homogenate of a six days old mouse and analyzed by combined in situ hybridization (ISH) using a PlxnB3-specific probe (a, d, g, j) and immunocytochemistry (IC) using cell type-specific antibodies (b, e, h, k). Overlays of ISH bright field signals and IC signals (blue) are shown in c, f, i, and l. The cells were grown under the respective selective conditions for neurons, astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. Following ISH slides were used for IC using primary antibodies against Neuromodulin (b) or NeuN (e) for neurons, GFAP for astrocytes (h) or CNPase for Oligodendrocytes (k). The Neuromodulin- and NeuN-positive cells (neurons) shown in b and e are positive for PlxnB3 mRNA (a, d). |
PMC1215486_F7_3214.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Expression of PlxnB3 in cultivated primary murine cerebellar neurons. Expression of PlxnB3 in cultivated primary cerebellar neurons isolated from six days old c57BL/6J mice (a-f; 400 × magnification) but not in astrocytes (g-i) or oligodendrocytes (j-l) (630 × magnification). The cells were cultivated from a cerebellar homogenate of a six days old mouse and analyzed by combined in situ hybridization (ISH) using a PlxnB3-specific probe (a, d, g, j) and immunocytochemistry (IC) using cell type-specific antibodies (b, e, h, k). Overlays of ISH bright field signals and IC signals (blue) are shown in c, f, i, and l. The cells were grown under the respective selective conditions for neurons, astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. Following ISH slides were used for IC using primary antibodies against Neuromodulin (b) or NeuN (e) for neurons, GFAP for astrocytes (h) or CNPase for Oligodendrocytes (k). The Neuromodulin- and NeuN-positive cells (neurons) shown in b and e are positive for PlxnB3 mRNA (a, d). |
PMC1215486_F7_3217.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Expression of PlxnB3 in cultivated primary murine cerebellar neurons. Expression of PlxnB3 in cultivated primary cerebellar neurons isolated from six days old c57BL/6J mice (a-f; 400 × magnification) but not in astrocytes (g-i) or oligodendrocytes (j-l) (630 × magnification). The cells were cultivated from a cerebellar homogenate of a six days old mouse and analyzed by combined in situ hybridization (ISH) using a PlxnB3-specific probe (a, d, g, j) and immunocytochemistry (IC) using cell type-specific antibodies (b, e, h, k). Overlays of ISH bright field signals and IC signals (blue) are shown in c, f, i, and l. The cells were grown under the respective selective conditions for neurons, astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. Following ISH slides were used for IC using primary antibodies against Neuromodulin (b) or NeuN (e) for neurons, GFAP for astrocytes (h) or CNPase for Oligodendrocytes (k). The Neuromodulin- and NeuN-positive cells (neurons) shown in b and e are positive for PlxnB3 mRNA (a, d). |
PMC1215486_F7_3209.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Expression of PlxnB3 in cultivated primary murine cerebellar neurons. Expression of PlxnB3 in cultivated primary cerebellar neurons isolated from six days old c57BL/6J mice (a-f; 400 × magnification) but not in astrocytes (g-i) or oligodendrocytes (j-l) (630 × magnification). The cells were cultivated from a cerebellar homogenate of a six days old mouse and analyzed by combined in situ hybridization (ISH) using a PlxnB3-specific probe (a, d, g, j) and immunocytochemistry (IC) using cell type-specific antibodies (b, e, h, k). Overlays of ISH bright field signals and IC signals (blue) are shown in c, f, i, and l. The cells were grown under the respective selective conditions for neurons, astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. Following ISH slides were used for IC using primary antibodies against Neuromodulin (b) or NeuN (e) for neurons, GFAP for astrocytes (h) or CNPase for Oligodendrocytes (k). The Neuromodulin- and NeuN-positive cells (neurons) shown in b and e are positive for PlxnB3 mRNA (a, d). |
PMC1215486_F8_3219.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Neuronal expression of B3 in adult murine and human cerebellum. (a) Non-radioactive in situ hybridization of PlxnB3 mRNA in adult murine cerebellum using a probe corresponding to nucleotides 4,647 – 5,936 of PlxnB3 cDNA. Purkinje and granular cells show most intense staining (200 × magnification). (b) Detection of plexin B3 protein in adult human cerebellum by immunohistochemistry using antibody pAbB3-B. Positive signal is represented by brown staining and most intense in cerebellar Purkinje cells and neurons of the granular layer (400 × magnification). |
PMC1215486_F9_3227.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Cell aggregation mediated by subtype-specific homophilic interaction in trans of plexins B2 and B3. Aggregation of NIH-3T3 cells expressing full-length recombinant B3, L1, or B2 and non-transfected cells (100 × magnification). (a) Negative control non-transfected cells labeled with DiO (green) were mixed 1:1 with DiI-labeled ones (red) and incubated in DMEM for 45 min prior to fluorescence microscopy. The formed aggregates contain approximately equal proportions of DiO- and DiI-labeled cells. (b)-(d) Non-transfected cells labeled with DiO and DiI-labeled cells stably expressing full-length B3 (b), L1 (c), or B2 (d) were mixed 1:1, respectively and treated as described in a. Predominance of DiI-labeled cells in the formed aggregates indicates cell-cell-adhesion due to homophilic interaction in trans mediated by B3, L1, and B2. (e) L1-transfected cells labeled with DiI and DiO-labeled cells stably expressing B3 were mixed 1:1. The almost pure red or pure green aggregates indicate preferential homotypic interactions of both B3 and L1, respectively. (f-h) As additional negative control cells labeled with DiO and expressing B3 (f), L1 (g) or B2 (h) were mixed 1:1 with DiO labeled cells expressing B3 (f), L1 (g) or B2 (h). The formed aggregates contain approximately equal proportions of DiO- and DiI-labeled cells. |
PMC1215486_F9_3222.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Cell aggregation mediated by subtype-specific homophilic interaction in trans of plexins B2 and B3. Aggregation of NIH-3T3 cells expressing full-length recombinant B3, L1, or B2 and non-transfected cells (100 × magnification). (a) Negative control non-transfected cells labeled with DiO (green) were mixed 1:1 with DiI-labeled ones (red) and incubated in DMEM for 45 min prior to fluorescence microscopy. The formed aggregates contain approximately equal proportions of DiO- and DiI-labeled cells. (b)-(d) Non-transfected cells labeled with DiO and DiI-labeled cells stably expressing full-length B3 (b), L1 (c), or B2 (d) were mixed 1:1, respectively and treated as described in a. Predominance of DiI-labeled cells in the formed aggregates indicates cell-cell-adhesion due to homophilic interaction in trans mediated by B3, L1, and B2. (e) L1-transfected cells labeled with DiI and DiO-labeled cells stably expressing B3 were mixed 1:1. The almost pure red or pure green aggregates indicate preferential homotypic interactions of both B3 and L1, respectively. (f-h) As additional negative control cells labeled with DiO and expressing B3 (f), L1 (g) or B2 (h) were mixed 1:1 with DiO labeled cells expressing B3 (f), L1 (g) or B2 (h). The formed aggregates contain approximately equal proportions of DiO- and DiI-labeled cells. |
PMC1215486_F9_3221.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Cell aggregation mediated by subtype-specific homophilic interaction in trans of plexins B2 and B3. Aggregation of NIH-3T3 cells expressing full-length recombinant B3, L1, or B2 and non-transfected cells (100 × magnification). (a) Negative control non-transfected cells labeled with DiO (green) were mixed 1:1 with DiI-labeled ones (red) and incubated in DMEM for 45 min prior to fluorescence microscopy. The formed aggregates contain approximately equal proportions of DiO- and DiI-labeled cells. (b)-(d) Non-transfected cells labeled with DiO and DiI-labeled cells stably expressing full-length B3 (b), L1 (c), or B2 (d) were mixed 1:1, respectively and treated as described in a. Predominance of DiI-labeled cells in the formed aggregates indicates cell-cell-adhesion due to homophilic interaction in trans mediated by B3, L1, and B2. (e) L1-transfected cells labeled with DiI and DiO-labeled cells stably expressing B3 were mixed 1:1. The almost pure red or pure green aggregates indicate preferential homotypic interactions of both B3 and L1, respectively. (f-h) As additional negative control cells labeled with DiO and expressing B3 (f), L1 (g) or B2 (h) were mixed 1:1 with DiO labeled cells expressing B3 (f), L1 (g) or B2 (h). The formed aggregates contain approximately equal proportions of DiO- and DiI-labeled cells. |
PMC1215486_F9_3226.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Cell aggregation mediated by subtype-specific homophilic interaction in trans of plexins B2 and B3. Aggregation of NIH-3T3 cells expressing full-length recombinant B3, L1, or B2 and non-transfected cells (100 × magnification). (a) Negative control non-transfected cells labeled with DiO (green) were mixed 1:1 with DiI-labeled ones (red) and incubated in DMEM for 45 min prior to fluorescence microscopy. The formed aggregates contain approximately equal proportions of DiO- and DiI-labeled cells. (b)-(d) Non-transfected cells labeled with DiO and DiI-labeled cells stably expressing full-length B3 (b), L1 (c), or B2 (d) were mixed 1:1, respectively and treated as described in a. Predominance of DiI-labeled cells in the formed aggregates indicates cell-cell-adhesion due to homophilic interaction in trans mediated by B3, L1, and B2. (e) L1-transfected cells labeled with DiI and DiO-labeled cells stably expressing B3 were mixed 1:1. The almost pure red or pure green aggregates indicate preferential homotypic interactions of both B3 and L1, respectively. (f-h) As additional negative control cells labeled with DiO and expressing B3 (f), L1 (g) or B2 (h) were mixed 1:1 with DiO labeled cells expressing B3 (f), L1 (g) or B2 (h). The formed aggregates contain approximately equal proportions of DiO- and DiI-labeled cells. |
PMC1215486_F9_3228.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Cell aggregation mediated by subtype-specific homophilic interaction in trans of plexins B2 and B3. Aggregation of NIH-3T3 cells expressing full-length recombinant B3, L1, or B2 and non-transfected cells (100 × magnification). (a) Negative control non-transfected cells labeled with DiO (green) were mixed 1:1 with DiI-labeled ones (red) and incubated in DMEM for 45 min prior to fluorescence microscopy. The formed aggregates contain approximately equal proportions of DiO- and DiI-labeled cells. (b)-(d) Non-transfected cells labeled with DiO and DiI-labeled cells stably expressing full-length B3 (b), L1 (c), or B2 (d) were mixed 1:1, respectively and treated as described in a. Predominance of DiI-labeled cells in the formed aggregates indicates cell-cell-adhesion due to homophilic interaction in trans mediated by B3, L1, and B2. (e) L1-transfected cells labeled with DiI and DiO-labeled cells stably expressing B3 were mixed 1:1. The almost pure red or pure green aggregates indicate preferential homotypic interactions of both B3 and L1, respectively. (f-h) As additional negative control cells labeled with DiO and expressing B3 (f), L1 (g) or B2 (h) were mixed 1:1 with DiO labeled cells expressing B3 (f), L1 (g) or B2 (h). The formed aggregates contain approximately equal proportions of DiO- and DiI-labeled cells. |
PMC1215497_F6_3230.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | A representative tissue Doppler image is shown demonstrating (A) Almost synchronized time-to-peak longitudinal peak strain of both right ventricular free wall (yellow curve) and ventricular septum (green curve) in an individual without PAH. (B) Slightly delayed time-to-peak longitudinal right ventricular free wall peak strain (yellow curve) when compared to ventricular septum peak strain (green curve) in a patient with mild PAH. Note that there is no significant reduction in RVw strain generation. (C) A more noticeable delayed time-to-peak longitudinal right ventricular free wall peak strain (yellow curve) when compared to ventricular septum peak strain (green curve) is now evident in a patient with moderate PAH as well as in (D) in a patient with severe PAH and severe RV dysfunction. Note that in both (C) and (D) there is a significant reduction in RVw strain generation. |
PMC1215497_F6_3229.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | A representative tissue Doppler image is shown demonstrating (A) Almost synchronized time-to-peak longitudinal peak strain of both right ventricular free wall (yellow curve) and ventricular septum (green curve) in an individual without PAH. (B) Slightly delayed time-to-peak longitudinal right ventricular free wall peak strain (yellow curve) when compared to ventricular septum peak strain (green curve) in a patient with mild PAH. Note that there is no significant reduction in RVw strain generation. (C) A more noticeable delayed time-to-peak longitudinal right ventricular free wall peak strain (yellow curve) when compared to ventricular septum peak strain (green curve) is now evident in a patient with moderate PAH as well as in (D) in a patient with severe PAH and severe RV dysfunction. Note that in both (C) and (D) there is a significant reduction in RVw strain generation. |
PMC1215497_F6_3232.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | A representative tissue Doppler image is shown demonstrating (A) Almost synchronized time-to-peak longitudinal peak strain of both right ventricular free wall (yellow curve) and ventricular septum (green curve) in an individual without PAH. (B) Slightly delayed time-to-peak longitudinal right ventricular free wall peak strain (yellow curve) when compared to ventricular septum peak strain (green curve) in a patient with mild PAH. Note that there is no significant reduction in RVw strain generation. (C) A more noticeable delayed time-to-peak longitudinal right ventricular free wall peak strain (yellow curve) when compared to ventricular septum peak strain (green curve) is now evident in a patient with moderate PAH as well as in (D) in a patient with severe PAH and severe RV dysfunction. Note that in both (C) and (D) there is a significant reduction in RVw strain generation. |
PMC1215508_F1_3234.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | A. CT scan showing homogenous mass located at medial aspect of the left kidney and compressing it with minimal contrast enhancement. B. Intraoperative picture demonstrating the mass which is free from renal parenchyma (vertical arrow) and attached to renal pelvis with a narrow pedicle (horizontal arrow) |
PMC1215508_F1_3233.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | A. CT scan showing homogenous mass located at medial aspect of the left kidney and compressing it with minimal contrast enhancement. B. Intraoperative picture demonstrating the mass which is free from renal parenchyma (vertical arrow) and attached to renal pelvis with a narrow pedicle (horizontal arrow) |
PMC1215517_F4_3244.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Confocal scanning laser micrographs of (A) human blood cells and (B – D) in vivo matured mouse oocytes labeled with anti-PAD V (N), (E – H) in vivo matured mouse oocytes double labeled with anti-PAD V (N) and LCA, and (I – L) double labeled with ABL2 and LCA. All anti-PAD V labeling is shown in green, except in A where it is red. DNA stain in A is green. ABL2 labeling is green and LCA labeling is red in all figures. (A) Cytospin preparations of the granulocyte fraction were stained with anti-PAD V (N), and their nuclei were stained with SYTOX green nucleic acid stain. The merged image shows nuclear localization of PAD (yellow) in a human granulocyte. (B, C) Germinal vesicle intact mouse oocytes and metaphase II oocytes were labeled with anti-PAD V (N), (D) Metaphase II mouse oocyte did not show labeling with goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugated to Alexa 488 alone. (E, F) Polar sections of germinal vesicle intact mouse oocytes double labeled with LCA (red) and anti-PAD V (N) (green). These images were digitally enlarged 2× for better visualization. (G) Merged image of both LCA and anti-PAD V (N) showed co-localization (yellow) of labels. (H) Merged image of equatorial section of metaphase II mouse oocytes double labeled with anti-PAD V (N) and LCA showing co-localization. (I, J) Metaphase II oocytes double labeled with LCA (red) and ABL2 (green). (K) Merged image of both LCA and ABL2 showed co-localization (yellow). The inserts of I, J, and K showed the polar view of the oocyte. (L) Control oocytes were not labeled with LCA pre-absorbed with α-D-methyl-mannopyranoside. All samples were imaged at same magnification and the scale bar applies to all figures. |
PMC1215517_F4_3240.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Confocal scanning laser micrographs of (A) human blood cells and (B – D) in vivo matured mouse oocytes labeled with anti-PAD V (N), (E – H) in vivo matured mouse oocytes double labeled with anti-PAD V (N) and LCA, and (I – L) double labeled with ABL2 and LCA. All anti-PAD V labeling is shown in green, except in A where it is red. DNA stain in A is green. ABL2 labeling is green and LCA labeling is red in all figures. (A) Cytospin preparations of the granulocyte fraction were stained with anti-PAD V (N), and their nuclei were stained with SYTOX green nucleic acid stain. The merged image shows nuclear localization of PAD (yellow) in a human granulocyte. (B, C) Germinal vesicle intact mouse oocytes and metaphase II oocytes were labeled with anti-PAD V (N), (D) Metaphase II mouse oocyte did not show labeling with goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugated to Alexa 488 alone. (E, F) Polar sections of germinal vesicle intact mouse oocytes double labeled with LCA (red) and anti-PAD V (N) (green). These images were digitally enlarged 2× for better visualization. (G) Merged image of both LCA and anti-PAD V (N) showed co-localization (yellow) of labels. (H) Merged image of equatorial section of metaphase II mouse oocytes double labeled with anti-PAD V (N) and LCA showing co-localization. (I, J) Metaphase II oocytes double labeled with LCA (red) and ABL2 (green). (K) Merged image of both LCA and ABL2 showed co-localization (yellow). The inserts of I, J, and K showed the polar view of the oocyte. (L) Control oocytes were not labeled with LCA pre-absorbed with α-D-methyl-mannopyranoside. All samples were imaged at same magnification and the scale bar applies to all figures. |
PMC1215517_F4_3241.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Confocal scanning laser micrographs of (A) human blood cells and (B – D) in vivo matured mouse oocytes labeled with anti-PAD V (N), (E – H) in vivo matured mouse oocytes double labeled with anti-PAD V (N) and LCA, and (I – L) double labeled with ABL2 and LCA. All anti-PAD V labeling is shown in green, except in A where it is red. DNA stain in A is green. ABL2 labeling is green and LCA labeling is red in all figures. (A) Cytospin preparations of the granulocyte fraction were stained with anti-PAD V (N), and their nuclei were stained with SYTOX green nucleic acid stain. The merged image shows nuclear localization of PAD (yellow) in a human granulocyte. (B, C) Germinal vesicle intact mouse oocytes and metaphase II oocytes were labeled with anti-PAD V (N), (D) Metaphase II mouse oocyte did not show labeling with goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugated to Alexa 488 alone. (E, F) Polar sections of germinal vesicle intact mouse oocytes double labeled with LCA (red) and anti-PAD V (N) (green). These images were digitally enlarged 2× for better visualization. (G) Merged image of both LCA and anti-PAD V (N) showed co-localization (yellow) of labels. (H) Merged image of equatorial section of metaphase II mouse oocytes double labeled with anti-PAD V (N) and LCA showing co-localization. (I, J) Metaphase II oocytes double labeled with LCA (red) and ABL2 (green). (K) Merged image of both LCA and ABL2 showed co-localization (yellow). The inserts of I, J, and K showed the polar view of the oocyte. (L) Control oocytes were not labeled with LCA pre-absorbed with α-D-methyl-mannopyranoside. All samples were imaged at same magnification and the scale bar applies to all figures. |
PMC1215517_F4_3238.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Confocal scanning laser micrographs of (A) human blood cells and (B – D) in vivo matured mouse oocytes labeled with anti-PAD V (N), (E – H) in vivo matured mouse oocytes double labeled with anti-PAD V (N) and LCA, and (I – L) double labeled with ABL2 and LCA. All anti-PAD V labeling is shown in green, except in A where it is red. DNA stain in A is green. ABL2 labeling is green and LCA labeling is red in all figures. (A) Cytospin preparations of the granulocyte fraction were stained with anti-PAD V (N), and their nuclei were stained with SYTOX green nucleic acid stain. The merged image shows nuclear localization of PAD (yellow) in a human granulocyte. (B, C) Germinal vesicle intact mouse oocytes and metaphase II oocytes were labeled with anti-PAD V (N), (D) Metaphase II mouse oocyte did not show labeling with goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugated to Alexa 488 alone. (E, F) Polar sections of germinal vesicle intact mouse oocytes double labeled with LCA (red) and anti-PAD V (N) (green). These images were digitally enlarged 2× for better visualization. (G) Merged image of both LCA and anti-PAD V (N) showed co-localization (yellow) of labels. (H) Merged image of equatorial section of metaphase II mouse oocytes double labeled with anti-PAD V (N) and LCA showing co-localization. (I, J) Metaphase II oocytes double labeled with LCA (red) and ABL2 (green). (K) Merged image of both LCA and ABL2 showed co-localization (yellow). The inserts of I, J, and K showed the polar view of the oocyte. (L) Control oocytes were not labeled with LCA pre-absorbed with α-D-methyl-mannopyranoside. All samples were imaged at same magnification and the scale bar applies to all figures. |
PMC1215517_F4_3235.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Confocal scanning laser micrographs of (A) human blood cells and (B – D) in vivo matured mouse oocytes labeled with anti-PAD V (N), (E – H) in vivo matured mouse oocytes double labeled with anti-PAD V (N) and LCA, and (I – L) double labeled with ABL2 and LCA. All anti-PAD V labeling is shown in green, except in A where it is red. DNA stain in A is green. ABL2 labeling is green and LCA labeling is red in all figures. (A) Cytospin preparations of the granulocyte fraction were stained with anti-PAD V (N), and their nuclei were stained with SYTOX green nucleic acid stain. The merged image shows nuclear localization of PAD (yellow) in a human granulocyte. (B, C) Germinal vesicle intact mouse oocytes and metaphase II oocytes were labeled with anti-PAD V (N), (D) Metaphase II mouse oocyte did not show labeling with goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugated to Alexa 488 alone. (E, F) Polar sections of germinal vesicle intact mouse oocytes double labeled with LCA (red) and anti-PAD V (N) (green). These images were digitally enlarged 2× for better visualization. (G) Merged image of both LCA and anti-PAD V (N) showed co-localization (yellow) of labels. (H) Merged image of equatorial section of metaphase II mouse oocytes double labeled with anti-PAD V (N) and LCA showing co-localization. (I, J) Metaphase II oocytes double labeled with LCA (red) and ABL2 (green). (K) Merged image of both LCA and ABL2 showed co-localization (yellow). The inserts of I, J, and K showed the polar view of the oocyte. (L) Control oocytes were not labeled with LCA pre-absorbed with α-D-methyl-mannopyranoside. All samples were imaged at same magnification and the scale bar applies to all figures. |
PMC1216328_pbio-0030331-g001_3248.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Hair Follicle Morphogenesis and Differential Expression of Lef1-RFP and K14-H2BGFP in All Cells of the Mature Follicle(A) Schematic depicts follicle morphogenesis, which begins in waves in mouse backskin at approximately embryonic day 15 (~E15) and is complete at approximately postnatal day 4 (~P4).(B) Transgene constructs and mice. The transgenes used for injection are shown in the stick diagrams. Nucleotide residues encompassing the gene fragments cloned are noted (+1 is the transcription initiation site). For each transgene, three transgenic lines were engineered; all were phenotypically normal. Data shown are from P4 backskin follicles of mice harboring both transgenes. Left and middle images are phase contrast and epifluorescence images, respectively, of hair follicles after dispase and collagenase treatment. Right image shows 3D reconstruction of a confocal Z-stack of a follicle showing that most of the RFP resides in the center of the follicle bulb. DP, dermal papilla; Mc, melanocytes; Md, medulla; Mx, matrix; ORS, outer root sheath.(C) Section of K14-H2BGFP follicle, which at P4 (shown) is fully mature. Images shown are DAPI and epifluorescence channels, separately, and merged. Note the approximately 3-fold higher levels of GFP in ORS nuclei (arrows) compared to Mx nuclei and its progeny. White lines demarcate the mesenchymal–epithelial boundaries, which are separated by a basement membrane of ECM.(D) Four-color confocal image of a section of a K14-H2BGFP and Lef1-RFP double transgenic follicle at P4. In addition to H2BGFP (green) and RFP (red) epifluorescence, the follicle was labeled with DAPI (blue) and Abs against tyrosinase (secondary Abs are against Cy5 in the far-red and white was used as a pseudocolor). Note that the anti-tyrosinase antibody labels the RFP-positive Mc and demarcates them from the RFP-positive, anti- tyrosinase negative DP. Note also that Mc are located on the epithelial side of the basement membrane, denoted by the white lines. |
PMC1216328_pbio-0030331-g001_3250.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Hair Follicle Morphogenesis and Differential Expression of Lef1-RFP and K14-H2BGFP in All Cells of the Mature Follicle(A) Schematic depicts follicle morphogenesis, which begins in waves in mouse backskin at approximately embryonic day 15 (~E15) and is complete at approximately postnatal day 4 (~P4).(B) Transgene constructs and mice. The transgenes used for injection are shown in the stick diagrams. Nucleotide residues encompassing the gene fragments cloned are noted (+1 is the transcription initiation site). For each transgene, three transgenic lines were engineered; all were phenotypically normal. Data shown are from P4 backskin follicles of mice harboring both transgenes. Left and middle images are phase contrast and epifluorescence images, respectively, of hair follicles after dispase and collagenase treatment. Right image shows 3D reconstruction of a confocal Z-stack of a follicle showing that most of the RFP resides in the center of the follicle bulb. DP, dermal papilla; Mc, melanocytes; Md, medulla; Mx, matrix; ORS, outer root sheath.(C) Section of K14-H2BGFP follicle, which at P4 (shown) is fully mature. Images shown are DAPI and epifluorescence channels, separately, and merged. Note the approximately 3-fold higher levels of GFP in ORS nuclei (arrows) compared to Mx nuclei and its progeny. White lines demarcate the mesenchymal–epithelial boundaries, which are separated by a basement membrane of ECM.(D) Four-color confocal image of a section of a K14-H2BGFP and Lef1-RFP double transgenic follicle at P4. In addition to H2BGFP (green) and RFP (red) epifluorescence, the follicle was labeled with DAPI (blue) and Abs against tyrosinase (secondary Abs are against Cy5 in the far-red and white was used as a pseudocolor). Note that the anti-tyrosinase antibody labels the RFP-positive Mc and demarcates them from the RFP-positive, anti- tyrosinase negative DP. Note also that Mc are located on the epithelial side of the basement membrane, denoted by the white lines. |
PMC1216331_pmed-0020288-g002_3254.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | rCBF Changes in Control Individuals and Patients with MCI and AD during Navigation TaskResults are surface-rendered and superimposed on a standard MRI template. Green indicates significant increase of rCBF, and red indicates significant decrease of rCBF during active navigation (results are displayed at p < 0.001). |
PMC1216331_pmed-0020288-g002_3253.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | rCBF Changes in Control Individuals and Patients with MCI and AD during Navigation TaskResults are surface-rendered and superimposed on a standard MRI template. Green indicates significant increase of rCBF, and red indicates significant decrease of rCBF during active navigation (results are displayed at p < 0.001). |
PMC1216331_pmed-0020288-g004_3255.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Deactivation in Control Individuals and Patients with MCI and ADResults are superimposed on a standard MRI template. Yellow indicates significant cerebral deactivations during active navigation: (A) axial slices, cranial aspect; (B) coronal slices, dorsal aspect (results are displayed at p < 0.005, for illustration purposes). |
PMC1216331_pmed-0020288-g004_3256.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Deactivation in Control Individuals and Patients with MCI and ADResults are superimposed on a standard MRI template. Yellow indicates significant cerebral deactivations during active navigation: (A) axial slices, cranial aspect; (B) coronal slices, dorsal aspect (results are displayed at p < 0.005, for illustration purposes). |
PMC1216331_pmed-0020288-g005_3260.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Positive Linear Regression of Auditory Cortical Deactivation with Cognitive Performance (MMSE) in All ParticipantsLeft: results are superimposed on a standard MRI template. Yellow indicates a significant relationship of cerebral deactivation with the MMSE: (A) axial slice, cranial aspect; (B) coronal slice, dorsal aspect (results are displayed at p < 0.005, for illustration purposes).Right: Regression analysis (red indicates regression line) of the fitted and adjusted rCBF response (blue points, arbitrary units) to active navigation in relation to the MMSE score at the position of the significant cluster (Talairach coordinates x, −56; y, −14; z, −2; p < 0.001, uncorrected). |
PMC1216331_pmed-0020288-g005_3259.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Positive Linear Regression of Auditory Cortical Deactivation with Cognitive Performance (MMSE) in All ParticipantsLeft: results are superimposed on a standard MRI template. Yellow indicates a significant relationship of cerebral deactivation with the MMSE: (A) axial slice, cranial aspect; (B) coronal slice, dorsal aspect (results are displayed at p < 0.005, for illustration purposes).Right: Regression analysis (red indicates regression line) of the fitted and adjusted rCBF response (blue points, arbitrary units) to active navigation in relation to the MMSE score at the position of the significant cluster (Talairach coordinates x, −56; y, −14; z, −2; p < 0.001, uncorrected). |
PMC1233573_pbio-0030312-g002_3266.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Expression of Molting Gene gfp Fusion GenesExpression of GFP (A,C,D,G) or GFP-PEST (B,E,F) from the promoters of the indicated genes.(A) Fluorescence from qua-1p::gfp in the hypodermis and specialized epithelia.(B) Fluorescence from nas-37p::gfp-pest in the seam cells and hypodermis of a late L4 stage larva.(C) Fluorescence from mlt-9p::gfp in the seam cells and hypodermis of a late L3 stage larva.(D) Fluorescence from xrn-2p::gfp in the pharyngeal myoepithelium (P) of a late L1 stage larva. Only the head of the worm is shown. The less intense fluorescence anterior to the posterior bulb of the pharynx likely corresponds to neurons.(E) Fluorescence from acn-1p::gfp-pest in the seam cells and hypodermis of a late L1 stage larva.(F) Fluorescence from mlt-11p::gfp-pest in the seam cells and hypodermis of a late L1 stage larva.(G) Fluorescence from xrn-2p::gfp in an adult worm, showing the intestine, a neuronal projection along the ventral cord, and a sensory neuron. The anterior of the worm faces right in all pictures |
PMC1233573_pbio-0030312-g002_3263.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Expression of Molting Gene gfp Fusion GenesExpression of GFP (A,C,D,G) or GFP-PEST (B,E,F) from the promoters of the indicated genes.(A) Fluorescence from qua-1p::gfp in the hypodermis and specialized epithelia.(B) Fluorescence from nas-37p::gfp-pest in the seam cells and hypodermis of a late L4 stage larva.(C) Fluorescence from mlt-9p::gfp in the seam cells and hypodermis of a late L3 stage larva.(D) Fluorescence from xrn-2p::gfp in the pharyngeal myoepithelium (P) of a late L1 stage larva. Only the head of the worm is shown. The less intense fluorescence anterior to the posterior bulb of the pharynx likely corresponds to neurons.(E) Fluorescence from acn-1p::gfp-pest in the seam cells and hypodermis of a late L1 stage larva.(F) Fluorescence from mlt-11p::gfp-pest in the seam cells and hypodermis of a late L1 stage larva.(G) Fluorescence from xrn-2p::gfp in an adult worm, showing the intestine, a neuronal projection along the ventral cord, and a sensory neuron. The anterior of the worm faces right in all pictures |
PMC1233573_pbio-0030312-g002_3267.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Expression of Molting Gene gfp Fusion GenesExpression of GFP (A,C,D,G) or GFP-PEST (B,E,F) from the promoters of the indicated genes.(A) Fluorescence from qua-1p::gfp in the hypodermis and specialized epithelia.(B) Fluorescence from nas-37p::gfp-pest in the seam cells and hypodermis of a late L4 stage larva.(C) Fluorescence from mlt-9p::gfp in the seam cells and hypodermis of a late L3 stage larva.(D) Fluorescence from xrn-2p::gfp in the pharyngeal myoepithelium (P) of a late L1 stage larva. Only the head of the worm is shown. The less intense fluorescence anterior to the posterior bulb of the pharynx likely corresponds to neurons.(E) Fluorescence from acn-1p::gfp-pest in the seam cells and hypodermis of a late L1 stage larva.(F) Fluorescence from mlt-11p::gfp-pest in the seam cells and hypodermis of a late L1 stage larva.(G) Fluorescence from xrn-2p::gfp in an adult worm, showing the intestine, a neuronal projection along the ventral cord, and a sensory neuron. The anterior of the worm faces right in all pictures |
PMC1233573_pbio-0030312-g002_3261.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Expression of Molting Gene gfp Fusion GenesExpression of GFP (A,C,D,G) or GFP-PEST (B,E,F) from the promoters of the indicated genes.(A) Fluorescence from qua-1p::gfp in the hypodermis and specialized epithelia.(B) Fluorescence from nas-37p::gfp-pest in the seam cells and hypodermis of a late L4 stage larva.(C) Fluorescence from mlt-9p::gfp in the seam cells and hypodermis of a late L3 stage larva.(D) Fluorescence from xrn-2p::gfp in the pharyngeal myoepithelium (P) of a late L1 stage larva. Only the head of the worm is shown. The less intense fluorescence anterior to the posterior bulb of the pharynx likely corresponds to neurons.(E) Fluorescence from acn-1p::gfp-pest in the seam cells and hypodermis of a late L1 stage larva.(F) Fluorescence from mlt-11p::gfp-pest in the seam cells and hypodermis of a late L1 stage larva.(G) Fluorescence from xrn-2p::gfp in an adult worm, showing the intestine, a neuronal projection along the ventral cord, and a sensory neuron. The anterior of the worm faces right in all pictures |
PMC1236792_pmed-0020269-g001_3271.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Chest RadiographyChest radiography shows a large mass in the RLL before gefitinib treatment (A), and marked decrease in tumor size two months after gefitinib was initiated (B). This tumor progressed nine months after gefitinib treatment (C). |
PMC1236792_pmed-0020269-g001_3269.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Chest RadiographyChest radiography shows a large mass in the RLL before gefitinib treatment (A), and marked decrease in tumor size two months after gefitinib was initiated (B). This tumor progressed nine months after gefitinib treatment (C). |
PMC1236792_pmed-0020269-g001_3270.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Chest RadiographyChest radiography shows a large mass in the RLL before gefitinib treatment (A), and marked decrease in tumor size two months after gefitinib was initiated (B). This tumor progressed nine months after gefitinib treatment (C). |
PMC1236918_F1_3277.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Cytogenetic and immunofluorescent analysis. G-banded polyploid metaphase cell from wt31 abdominal muscle (a). Multiple centrosomes (red) in cells from the peritoneal fat of R6/2 78 (b; green autofluorescence indicates cytoplasm) and from the abdominal muscle of wt77 (c; autofluorescence removed for clarity). Tripolar anaphase cell visualized by haematoxylin-eosin staining in a cell (passage 1) from the abdominal muscle of wt30 (d). Large nucleus (arrow) in a skeletal muscle fibre from wt77 (e). One nucleus with two chromocenters (arrow; green) and one with eight chromocenters (arrowhead) in a skeletal muscle fibre from wt76 (f). |
PMC1236918_F1_3276.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Cytogenetic and immunofluorescent analysis. G-banded polyploid metaphase cell from wt31 abdominal muscle (a). Multiple centrosomes (red) in cells from the peritoneal fat of R6/2 78 (b; green autofluorescence indicates cytoplasm) and from the abdominal muscle of wt77 (c; autofluorescence removed for clarity). Tripolar anaphase cell visualized by haematoxylin-eosin staining in a cell (passage 1) from the abdominal muscle of wt30 (d). Large nucleus (arrow) in a skeletal muscle fibre from wt77 (e). One nucleus with two chromocenters (arrow; green) and one with eight chromocenters (arrowhead) in a skeletal muscle fibre from wt76 (f). |
PMC1236918_F1_3274.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Cytogenetic and immunofluorescent analysis. G-banded polyploid metaphase cell from wt31 abdominal muscle (a). Multiple centrosomes (red) in cells from the peritoneal fat of R6/2 78 (b; green autofluorescence indicates cytoplasm) and from the abdominal muscle of wt77 (c; autofluorescence removed for clarity). Tripolar anaphase cell visualized by haematoxylin-eosin staining in a cell (passage 1) from the abdominal muscle of wt30 (d). Large nucleus (arrow) in a skeletal muscle fibre from wt77 (e). One nucleus with two chromocenters (arrow; green) and one with eight chromocenters (arrowhead) in a skeletal muscle fibre from wt76 (f). |
PMC1236918_F1_3275.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Cytogenetic and immunofluorescent analysis. G-banded polyploid metaphase cell from wt31 abdominal muscle (a). Multiple centrosomes (red) in cells from the peritoneal fat of R6/2 78 (b; green autofluorescence indicates cytoplasm) and from the abdominal muscle of wt77 (c; autofluorescence removed for clarity). Tripolar anaphase cell visualized by haematoxylin-eosin staining in a cell (passage 1) from the abdominal muscle of wt30 (d). Large nucleus (arrow) in a skeletal muscle fibre from wt77 (e). One nucleus with two chromocenters (arrow; green) and one with eight chromocenters (arrowhead) in a skeletal muscle fibre from wt76 (f). |
PMC1236932_F1_3278.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Cranial MRI (FLAIR) on the day of admission showing multiple lesions of the supratentorial grey and white matter. |
PMC1236943_F2_3279.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | A Transesophageal echocardiographic view showing two peduncolated vegetations attached to the eustachian valve and another vegetation on tricuspid valve. B, Color flow doppler echocardiogram which confirms a moderate tricuspid regurgitation with flow toward the eustachian valve. |
PMC1236954_F1_3281.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Computed tomography, showing cholelithiasis with thickening of gallbladder anterior wall (arrow in the figure). |
PMC1236956_F3_3284.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Scanning electron micrograph of adsorbed cells of C. acetobutylicum P262 onto bonechar. a) bonechar (magnification 5500); b) adsorbed cells onto bonechar (magnification 2200); c) transmission electron micrograph of adsorbed cells (magnification 2300). Similar figures (3b, c) with different magnification were published previously in the following article: Qureshi N, Paterson AHJ, Maddox IS: Model for continuous production of solvents from whey permeate in a packed bed reactor using cells of Clostridium acetobutylicum immobilized by adsorption onto bonechar. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1988, 29:323–328. Figure 3 is reprinted with permission from Springer, Germany (see above article). |
PMC1236956_F3_3285.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Scanning electron micrograph of adsorbed cells of C. acetobutylicum P262 onto bonechar. a) bonechar (magnification 5500); b) adsorbed cells onto bonechar (magnification 2200); c) transmission electron micrograph of adsorbed cells (magnification 2300). Similar figures (3b, c) with different magnification were published previously in the following article: Qureshi N, Paterson AHJ, Maddox IS: Model for continuous production of solvents from whey permeate in a packed bed reactor using cells of Clostridium acetobutylicum immobilized by adsorption onto bonechar. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1988, 29:323–328. Figure 3 is reprinted with permission from Springer, Germany (see above article). |
PMC1236956_F3_3283.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Scanning electron micrograph of adsorbed cells of C. acetobutylicum P262 onto bonechar. a) bonechar (magnification 5500); b) adsorbed cells onto bonechar (magnification 2200); c) transmission electron micrograph of adsorbed cells (magnification 2300). Similar figures (3b, c) with different magnification were published previously in the following article: Qureshi N, Paterson AHJ, Maddox IS: Model for continuous production of solvents from whey permeate in a packed bed reactor using cells of Clostridium acetobutylicum immobilized by adsorption onto bonechar. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1988, 29:323–328. Figure 3 is reprinted with permission from Springer, Germany (see above article). |
PMC1236956_F5_3282.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | A photograph of a fluidized bed bioreactor (inside volume 450 cm3) used to produce butanol from whey permeate using C. acetobutylicum P262. |
PMC1236958_F1_3286.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Micrographs of CL obtained from rats killed on day 4 post-partum and stained with H&E. Panel (A) shows the structure of a an old CL of pregnancy obtained from an animal treated with vehicle, whereas panel (B) displays the structure of an old CL of pregnancy obtained from a rat treated with estradiol benzoate. Similar results were observed in newly formed CL after post-partum ovulation obtained from animals receiving vehicle or estradiol benzoate. The arrows indicate nuclei undergoing apoptosis displaying different features of chromatin condensation. Magnification × 400. |
PMC1236958_F1_3287.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Micrographs of CL obtained from rats killed on day 4 post-partum and stained with H&E. Panel (A) shows the structure of a an old CL of pregnancy obtained from an animal treated with vehicle, whereas panel (B) displays the structure of an old CL of pregnancy obtained from a rat treated with estradiol benzoate. Similar results were observed in newly formed CL after post-partum ovulation obtained from animals receiving vehicle or estradiol benzoate. The arrows indicate nuclei undergoing apoptosis displaying different features of chromatin condensation. Magnification × 400. |
PMC1236965_F1_3288.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | CT scan showing thrombus before and after thrombolysis. 1a. CT scan of superior vena cava with intravenous contrast infusion showing a thrombus before streptokinase infusion. 1b. CT scan of superior vena cava with intravenous contrast infusion three days after thrombolysis showing no remaining thrombus. |
PMC1236965_F1_3289.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | CT scan showing thrombus before and after thrombolysis. 1a. CT scan of superior vena cava with intravenous contrast infusion showing a thrombus before streptokinase infusion. 1b. CT scan of superior vena cava with intravenous contrast infusion three days after thrombolysis showing no remaining thrombus. |
PMC1236970_F1_3290.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Contrast enhanced abdominal computed tomography showing an ill defined mass revealing faint inhomogeneous low density in the body of the pancreas. |
PMC1236970_F2_3291.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | A. Macroscopic photograph of the tumor. Sectioned surface reveals a non-encapsulated, circumscribed, gray-white, firm, solid mass with partially lobulate margin and irregular small cysts. B. Low power view of microscopic features of the tumor. Cystic or glandular epithelial components are set in abundant dense stroma (hematoxylin and eosin, × 40) |
PMC1236970_F2_3292.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | A. Macroscopic photograph of the tumor. Sectioned surface reveals a non-encapsulated, circumscribed, gray-white, firm, solid mass with partially lobulate margin and irregular small cysts. B. Low power view of microscopic features of the tumor. Cystic or glandular epithelial components are set in abundant dense stroma (hematoxylin and eosin, × 40) |
PMC1238736_ppat-0010001-g002_3293.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Immunofluorescence Showing Co-Localization of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae in the Murine NasopharynxBALB/c SCID mice were co-colonized with Hi636 and Sp1121, and at 24 h post-inoculation adjacent 5-μm frozen parasagittal tissue sections through the lateral nasal spaces of the same animals were stained with anti-capsular polysaccharide serum specific to type b H. influenzae (A), type 23F S. pneumoniae (B), or secondary antibody control with no primary antibody (C). Magnification, 400×. |
PMC1238736_ppat-0010001-g002_3294.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Immunofluorescence Showing Co-Localization of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae in the Murine NasopharynxBALB/c SCID mice were co-colonized with Hi636 and Sp1121, and at 24 h post-inoculation adjacent 5-μm frozen parasagittal tissue sections through the lateral nasal spaces of the same animals were stained with anti-capsular polysaccharide serum specific to type b H. influenzae (A), type 23F S. pneumoniae (B), or secondary antibody control with no primary antibody (C). Magnification, 400×. |
PMC1238736_ppat-0010001-g002_3295.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Immunofluorescence Showing Co-Localization of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae in the Murine NasopharynxBALB/c SCID mice were co-colonized with Hi636 and Sp1121, and at 24 h post-inoculation adjacent 5-μm frozen parasagittal tissue sections through the lateral nasal spaces of the same animals were stained with anti-capsular polysaccharide serum specific to type b H. influenzae (A), type 23F S. pneumoniae (B), or secondary antibody control with no primary antibody (C). Magnification, 400×. |
PMC1238736_ppat-0010001-g004_3298.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | H&E-Stained Parasagittal Sections Showing the Luminal Space between Two Adjacent Nasal TurbinatesRepresentative sections are shown for BALB/c SCID mice mock colonized (A) or co-colonized with H. influenzae strain Hi636 and S. pneumoniae strain Sp1121 (B); C3H/HeOuJ mice mock colonized (C) or co-colonized with Hi636 and Sp1121 (D). Arrows indicate cells infiltrating into the lumen of nasal spaces in co-colonized mice. Under higher magnification these cells have the morphologic appearance of neutrophils. Magnification, 400× (insert magnification, 1,000×). |
PMC1238736_ppat-0010001-g004_3297.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | H&E-Stained Parasagittal Sections Showing the Luminal Space between Two Adjacent Nasal TurbinatesRepresentative sections are shown for BALB/c SCID mice mock colonized (A) or co-colonized with H. influenzae strain Hi636 and S. pneumoniae strain Sp1121 (B); C3H/HeOuJ mice mock colonized (C) or co-colonized with Hi636 and Sp1121 (D). Arrows indicate cells infiltrating into the lumen of nasal spaces in co-colonized mice. Under higher magnification these cells have the morphologic appearance of neutrophils. Magnification, 400× (insert magnification, 1,000×). |
PMC1238736_ppat-0010001-g004_3296.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | H&E-Stained Parasagittal Sections Showing the Luminal Space between Two Adjacent Nasal TurbinatesRepresentative sections are shown for BALB/c SCID mice mock colonized (A) or co-colonized with H. influenzae strain Hi636 and S. pneumoniae strain Sp1121 (B); C3H/HeOuJ mice mock colonized (C) or co-colonized with Hi636 and Sp1121 (D). Arrows indicate cells infiltrating into the lumen of nasal spaces in co-colonized mice. Under higher magnification these cells have the morphologic appearance of neutrophils. Magnification, 400× (insert magnification, 1,000×). |
PMC1238736_ppat-0010001-g004_3300.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | H&E-Stained Parasagittal Sections Showing the Luminal Space between Two Adjacent Nasal TurbinatesRepresentative sections are shown for BALB/c SCID mice mock colonized (A) or co-colonized with H. influenzae strain Hi636 and S. pneumoniae strain Sp1121 (B); C3H/HeOuJ mice mock colonized (C) or co-colonized with Hi636 and Sp1121 (D). Arrows indicate cells infiltrating into the lumen of nasal spaces in co-colonized mice. Under higher magnification these cells have the morphologic appearance of neutrophils. Magnification, 400× (insert magnification, 1,000×). |
PMC1239918_F2_3303.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | P75NTR expression in the lesioned olfactory bulb: Olfactory bulb sections from sham and NMDA lesioned animals that were either estrogen or control-pellet replaced were probed for p75NTR expression and counter-stained with a nuclear dye (DAPI). A low magnification photomontage of olfactory bulb illuminated for DAPI is shown in (a). P75NTR is normally expressed in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb (b), photographed from the region indicated by the solid line box in (a). P75NTR is poorly expressed in other regions of the olfactory bulb, an example of which is shown in (c), taken from the region indicated by the wire frame in (a). However, in a comparable region of the NMDA-lesioned animals, diffuse p75NTR staining is seen in cells and fibers at the injury site (d). In estrogen-treated, lesioned animals p75NTR immunoreactivity is seen in cells associated with the walls of microvessels (e; g), identified by their curved nuclei (f; h) surrounding a lumen. Arrows indicate the same cells photgraphed under fluorescein (p75NTR; e,g) or UV illumination (DAPI nuclear dye; f,h). A double-labeled cell photographed under both fluoresein and UV is shown in (i). P75NTR labeling was not seen in microvessel walls in lesioned animals that received a control pellet (j) or in sections from estrogen-replaced lesioned animals that were incubated without a primary antibody (immunohistochemical control, l). Corresponding nuclear dye images are in k and m. Magnification bar: b-d = 160 μm; e-m = 25 μm. |
PMC1239918_F2_3305.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | P75NTR expression in the lesioned olfactory bulb: Olfactory bulb sections from sham and NMDA lesioned animals that were either estrogen or control-pellet replaced were probed for p75NTR expression and counter-stained with a nuclear dye (DAPI). A low magnification photomontage of olfactory bulb illuminated for DAPI is shown in (a). P75NTR is normally expressed in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb (b), photographed from the region indicated by the solid line box in (a). P75NTR is poorly expressed in other regions of the olfactory bulb, an example of which is shown in (c), taken from the region indicated by the wire frame in (a). However, in a comparable region of the NMDA-lesioned animals, diffuse p75NTR staining is seen in cells and fibers at the injury site (d). In estrogen-treated, lesioned animals p75NTR immunoreactivity is seen in cells associated with the walls of microvessels (e; g), identified by their curved nuclei (f; h) surrounding a lumen. Arrows indicate the same cells photgraphed under fluorescein (p75NTR; e,g) or UV illumination (DAPI nuclear dye; f,h). A double-labeled cell photographed under both fluoresein and UV is shown in (i). P75NTR labeling was not seen in microvessel walls in lesioned animals that received a control pellet (j) or in sections from estrogen-replaced lesioned animals that were incubated without a primary antibody (immunohistochemical control, l). Corresponding nuclear dye images are in k and m. Magnification bar: b-d = 160 μm; e-m = 25 μm. |
PMC1239918_F2_3306.jpg | What is shown in this image? | P75NTR expression in the lesioned olfactory bulb: Olfactory bulb sections from sham and NMDA lesioned animals that were either estrogen or control-pellet replaced were probed for p75NTR expression and counter-stained with a nuclear dye (DAPI). A low magnification photomontage of olfactory bulb illuminated for DAPI is shown in (a). P75NTR is normally expressed in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb (b), photographed from the region indicated by the solid line box in (a). P75NTR is poorly expressed in other regions of the olfactory bulb, an example of which is shown in (c), taken from the region indicated by the wire frame in (a). However, in a comparable region of the NMDA-lesioned animals, diffuse p75NTR staining is seen in cells and fibers at the injury site (d). In estrogen-treated, lesioned animals p75NTR immunoreactivity is seen in cells associated with the walls of microvessels (e; g), identified by their curved nuclei (f; h) surrounding a lumen. Arrows indicate the same cells photgraphed under fluorescein (p75NTR; e,g) or UV illumination (DAPI nuclear dye; f,h). A double-labeled cell photographed under both fluoresein and UV is shown in (i). P75NTR labeling was not seen in microvessel walls in lesioned animals that received a control pellet (j) or in sections from estrogen-replaced lesioned animals that were incubated without a primary antibody (immunohistochemical control, l). Corresponding nuclear dye images are in k and m. Magnification bar: b-d = 160 μm; e-m = 25 μm. |
PMC1239918_F2_3301.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | P75NTR expression in the lesioned olfactory bulb: Olfactory bulb sections from sham and NMDA lesioned animals that were either estrogen or control-pellet replaced were probed for p75NTR expression and counter-stained with a nuclear dye (DAPI). A low magnification photomontage of olfactory bulb illuminated for DAPI is shown in (a). P75NTR is normally expressed in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb (b), photographed from the region indicated by the solid line box in (a). P75NTR is poorly expressed in other regions of the olfactory bulb, an example of which is shown in (c), taken from the region indicated by the wire frame in (a). However, in a comparable region of the NMDA-lesioned animals, diffuse p75NTR staining is seen in cells and fibers at the injury site (d). In estrogen-treated, lesioned animals p75NTR immunoreactivity is seen in cells associated with the walls of microvessels (e; g), identified by their curved nuclei (f; h) surrounding a lumen. Arrows indicate the same cells photgraphed under fluorescein (p75NTR; e,g) or UV illumination (DAPI nuclear dye; f,h). A double-labeled cell photographed under both fluoresein and UV is shown in (i). P75NTR labeling was not seen in microvessel walls in lesioned animals that received a control pellet (j) or in sections from estrogen-replaced lesioned animals that were incubated without a primary antibody (immunohistochemical control, l). Corresponding nuclear dye images are in k and m. Magnification bar: b-d = 160 μm; e-m = 25 μm. |
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