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PMC1325227_F4_4265.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Immunolocalization of MFP labels faint filaments that co-localize with cortical MTs, but does not label mitotic MT structures. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis of a fixed onion epidermal cell probed with affinity purified rabbit anti-MFP antibodies (A) and mouse anti-tubulin antibodies (B) and visualized by epifluorescence microscopy. An overlay (C) shows the co-localization of MT labeling by the two antibodies (arrowheads). (D) Fluorescence immunostaining of MT structures with a tubulin antibody in four stages of mitosis in Arabidopsis suspension cells labels the pre-prophase band, the mitotic spindle in metaphase and anaphase, and the phragmoplast in telophase. The MFP antibody labels peroxisomes but not these MT structures in dividing cells. DNA was stained with DAPI (blue). Bars, 6 μm. |
PMC1325227_F4_4270.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Immunolocalization of MFP labels faint filaments that co-localize with cortical MTs, but does not label mitotic MT structures. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis of a fixed onion epidermal cell probed with affinity purified rabbit anti-MFP antibodies (A) and mouse anti-tubulin antibodies (B) and visualized by epifluorescence microscopy. An overlay (C) shows the co-localization of MT labeling by the two antibodies (arrowheads). (D) Fluorescence immunostaining of MT structures with a tubulin antibody in four stages of mitosis in Arabidopsis suspension cells labels the pre-prophase band, the mitotic spindle in metaphase and anaphase, and the phragmoplast in telophase. The MFP antibody labels peroxisomes but not these MT structures in dividing cells. DNA was stained with DAPI (blue). Bars, 6 μm. |
PMC1325227_F6_4280.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Interactions are apparent between peroxisomes and MTs in onion epidermal cells. Time-lapse images of a region from a GFP-MFP-expressing onion epidermal cell showing apparent transient and long-term interactions of peroxisomes and MTs. The movements of three peroxisomes were followed over 18 image frames. One of these peroxisomes (star) showed, throughout the entire series, oscillatory movements at a fixed location that were co-incident with a MT. Another peroxisome (arrow) remained fixed at a site coincident with a MT for approximately two seconds at the beginning of the image sequence, and then moved out of the field of view during the final two seconds. The initial movement is marked by the arrow in image frame 1.82. A dumbbell-shaped peroxisome (arrowhead) moved through the cytosol and appeared to transiently tether to a MT (second arrowhead, image frame 1.30). This peroxisome then released and tethered to another MT (third arrowhead, image frame 3.12) before releasing again and continuing its movement. The cell observed in this image sequence was from an unpeeled epidermal layer that remained associated with the leaf segment. The movements of the peroxisomes shown in this figure are also shown in a real-time image sequence in Additional data file Movie 1. Numbers indicate elapsed time in seconds. Bar, 2 μm. |
PMC1325227_F6_4282.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Interactions are apparent between peroxisomes and MTs in onion epidermal cells. Time-lapse images of a region from a GFP-MFP-expressing onion epidermal cell showing apparent transient and long-term interactions of peroxisomes and MTs. The movements of three peroxisomes were followed over 18 image frames. One of these peroxisomes (star) showed, throughout the entire series, oscillatory movements at a fixed location that were co-incident with a MT. Another peroxisome (arrow) remained fixed at a site coincident with a MT for approximately two seconds at the beginning of the image sequence, and then moved out of the field of view during the final two seconds. The initial movement is marked by the arrow in image frame 1.82. A dumbbell-shaped peroxisome (arrowhead) moved through the cytosol and appeared to transiently tether to a MT (second arrowhead, image frame 1.30). This peroxisome then released and tethered to another MT (third arrowhead, image frame 3.12) before releasing again and continuing its movement. The cell observed in this image sequence was from an unpeeled epidermal layer that remained associated with the leaf segment. The movements of the peroxisomes shown in this figure are also shown in a real-time image sequence in Additional data file Movie 1. Numbers indicate elapsed time in seconds. Bar, 2 μm. |
PMC1325227_F6_4286.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Interactions are apparent between peroxisomes and MTs in onion epidermal cells. Time-lapse images of a region from a GFP-MFP-expressing onion epidermal cell showing apparent transient and long-term interactions of peroxisomes and MTs. The movements of three peroxisomes were followed over 18 image frames. One of these peroxisomes (star) showed, throughout the entire series, oscillatory movements at a fixed location that were co-incident with a MT. Another peroxisome (arrow) remained fixed at a site coincident with a MT for approximately two seconds at the beginning of the image sequence, and then moved out of the field of view during the final two seconds. The initial movement is marked by the arrow in image frame 1.82. A dumbbell-shaped peroxisome (arrowhead) moved through the cytosol and appeared to transiently tether to a MT (second arrowhead, image frame 1.30). This peroxisome then released and tethered to another MT (third arrowhead, image frame 3.12) before releasing again and continuing its movement. The cell observed in this image sequence was from an unpeeled epidermal layer that remained associated with the leaf segment. The movements of the peroxisomes shown in this figure are also shown in a real-time image sequence in Additional data file Movie 1. Numbers indicate elapsed time in seconds. Bar, 2 μm. |
PMC1325227_F6_4288.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Interactions are apparent between peroxisomes and MTs in onion epidermal cells. Time-lapse images of a region from a GFP-MFP-expressing onion epidermal cell showing apparent transient and long-term interactions of peroxisomes and MTs. The movements of three peroxisomes were followed over 18 image frames. One of these peroxisomes (star) showed, throughout the entire series, oscillatory movements at a fixed location that were co-incident with a MT. Another peroxisome (arrow) remained fixed at a site coincident with a MT for approximately two seconds at the beginning of the image sequence, and then moved out of the field of view during the final two seconds. The initial movement is marked by the arrow in image frame 1.82. A dumbbell-shaped peroxisome (arrowhead) moved through the cytosol and appeared to transiently tether to a MT (second arrowhead, image frame 1.30). This peroxisome then released and tethered to another MT (third arrowhead, image frame 3.12) before releasing again and continuing its movement. The cell observed in this image sequence was from an unpeeled epidermal layer that remained associated with the leaf segment. The movements of the peroxisomes shown in this figure are also shown in a real-time image sequence in Additional data file Movie 1. Numbers indicate elapsed time in seconds. Bar, 2 μm. |
PMC1325227_F6_4281.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Interactions are apparent between peroxisomes and MTs in onion epidermal cells. Time-lapse images of a region from a GFP-MFP-expressing onion epidermal cell showing apparent transient and long-term interactions of peroxisomes and MTs. The movements of three peroxisomes were followed over 18 image frames. One of these peroxisomes (star) showed, throughout the entire series, oscillatory movements at a fixed location that were co-incident with a MT. Another peroxisome (arrow) remained fixed at a site coincident with a MT for approximately two seconds at the beginning of the image sequence, and then moved out of the field of view during the final two seconds. The initial movement is marked by the arrow in image frame 1.82. A dumbbell-shaped peroxisome (arrowhead) moved through the cytosol and appeared to transiently tether to a MT (second arrowhead, image frame 1.30). This peroxisome then released and tethered to another MT (third arrowhead, image frame 3.12) before releasing again and continuing its movement. The cell observed in this image sequence was from an unpeeled epidermal layer that remained associated with the leaf segment. The movements of the peroxisomes shown in this figure are also shown in a real-time image sequence in Additional data file Movie 1. Numbers indicate elapsed time in seconds. Bar, 2 μm. |
PMC1325227_F6_4278.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Interactions are apparent between peroxisomes and MTs in onion epidermal cells. Time-lapse images of a region from a GFP-MFP-expressing onion epidermal cell showing apparent transient and long-term interactions of peroxisomes and MTs. The movements of three peroxisomes were followed over 18 image frames. One of these peroxisomes (star) showed, throughout the entire series, oscillatory movements at a fixed location that were co-incident with a MT. Another peroxisome (arrow) remained fixed at a site coincident with a MT for approximately two seconds at the beginning of the image sequence, and then moved out of the field of view during the final two seconds. The initial movement is marked by the arrow in image frame 1.82. A dumbbell-shaped peroxisome (arrowhead) moved through the cytosol and appeared to transiently tether to a MT (second arrowhead, image frame 1.30). This peroxisome then released and tethered to another MT (third arrowhead, image frame 3.12) before releasing again and continuing its movement. The cell observed in this image sequence was from an unpeeled epidermal layer that remained associated with the leaf segment. The movements of the peroxisomes shown in this figure are also shown in a real-time image sequence in Additional data file Movie 1. Numbers indicate elapsed time in seconds. Bar, 2 μm. |
PMC1325227_F6_4284.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Interactions are apparent between peroxisomes and MTs in onion epidermal cells. Time-lapse images of a region from a GFP-MFP-expressing onion epidermal cell showing apparent transient and long-term interactions of peroxisomes and MTs. The movements of three peroxisomes were followed over 18 image frames. One of these peroxisomes (star) showed, throughout the entire series, oscillatory movements at a fixed location that were co-incident with a MT. Another peroxisome (arrow) remained fixed at a site coincident with a MT for approximately two seconds at the beginning of the image sequence, and then moved out of the field of view during the final two seconds. The initial movement is marked by the arrow in image frame 1.82. A dumbbell-shaped peroxisome (arrowhead) moved through the cytosol and appeared to transiently tether to a MT (second arrowhead, image frame 1.30). This peroxisome then released and tethered to another MT (third arrowhead, image frame 3.12) before releasing again and continuing its movement. The cell observed in this image sequence was from an unpeeled epidermal layer that remained associated with the leaf segment. The movements of the peroxisomes shown in this figure are also shown in a real-time image sequence in Additional data file Movie 1. Numbers indicate elapsed time in seconds. Bar, 2 μm. |
PMC1325227_F6_4285.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Interactions are apparent between peroxisomes and MTs in onion epidermal cells. Time-lapse images of a region from a GFP-MFP-expressing onion epidermal cell showing apparent transient and long-term interactions of peroxisomes and MTs. The movements of three peroxisomes were followed over 18 image frames. One of these peroxisomes (star) showed, throughout the entire series, oscillatory movements at a fixed location that were co-incident with a MT. Another peroxisome (arrow) remained fixed at a site coincident with a MT for approximately two seconds at the beginning of the image sequence, and then moved out of the field of view during the final two seconds. The initial movement is marked by the arrow in image frame 1.82. A dumbbell-shaped peroxisome (arrowhead) moved through the cytosol and appeared to transiently tether to a MT (second arrowhead, image frame 1.30). This peroxisome then released and tethered to another MT (third arrowhead, image frame 3.12) before releasing again and continuing its movement. The cell observed in this image sequence was from an unpeeled epidermal layer that remained associated with the leaf segment. The movements of the peroxisomes shown in this figure are also shown in a real-time image sequence in Additional data file Movie 1. Numbers indicate elapsed time in seconds. Bar, 2 μm. |
PMC1325227_F6_4276.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Interactions are apparent between peroxisomes and MTs in onion epidermal cells. Time-lapse images of a region from a GFP-MFP-expressing onion epidermal cell showing apparent transient and long-term interactions of peroxisomes and MTs. The movements of three peroxisomes were followed over 18 image frames. One of these peroxisomes (star) showed, throughout the entire series, oscillatory movements at a fixed location that were co-incident with a MT. Another peroxisome (arrow) remained fixed at a site coincident with a MT for approximately two seconds at the beginning of the image sequence, and then moved out of the field of view during the final two seconds. The initial movement is marked by the arrow in image frame 1.82. A dumbbell-shaped peroxisome (arrowhead) moved through the cytosol and appeared to transiently tether to a MT (second arrowhead, image frame 1.30). This peroxisome then released and tethered to another MT (third arrowhead, image frame 3.12) before releasing again and continuing its movement. The cell observed in this image sequence was from an unpeeled epidermal layer that remained associated with the leaf segment. The movements of the peroxisomes shown in this figure are also shown in a real-time image sequence in Additional data file Movie 1. Numbers indicate elapsed time in seconds. Bar, 2 μm. |
PMC1325227_F6_4289.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Interactions are apparent between peroxisomes and MTs in onion epidermal cells. Time-lapse images of a region from a GFP-MFP-expressing onion epidermal cell showing apparent transient and long-term interactions of peroxisomes and MTs. The movements of three peroxisomes were followed over 18 image frames. One of these peroxisomes (star) showed, throughout the entire series, oscillatory movements at a fixed location that were co-incident with a MT. Another peroxisome (arrow) remained fixed at a site coincident with a MT for approximately two seconds at the beginning of the image sequence, and then moved out of the field of view during the final two seconds. The initial movement is marked by the arrow in image frame 1.82. A dumbbell-shaped peroxisome (arrowhead) moved through the cytosol and appeared to transiently tether to a MT (second arrowhead, image frame 1.30). This peroxisome then released and tethered to another MT (third arrowhead, image frame 3.12) before releasing again and continuing its movement. The cell observed in this image sequence was from an unpeeled epidermal layer that remained associated with the leaf segment. The movements of the peroxisomes shown in this figure are also shown in a real-time image sequence in Additional data file Movie 1. Numbers indicate elapsed time in seconds. Bar, 2 μm. |
PMC1325227_F6_4277.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Interactions are apparent between peroxisomes and MTs in onion epidermal cells. Time-lapse images of a region from a GFP-MFP-expressing onion epidermal cell showing apparent transient and long-term interactions of peroxisomes and MTs. The movements of three peroxisomes were followed over 18 image frames. One of these peroxisomes (star) showed, throughout the entire series, oscillatory movements at a fixed location that were co-incident with a MT. Another peroxisome (arrow) remained fixed at a site coincident with a MT for approximately two seconds at the beginning of the image sequence, and then moved out of the field of view during the final two seconds. The initial movement is marked by the arrow in image frame 1.82. A dumbbell-shaped peroxisome (arrowhead) moved through the cytosol and appeared to transiently tether to a MT (second arrowhead, image frame 1.30). This peroxisome then released and tethered to another MT (third arrowhead, image frame 3.12) before releasing again and continuing its movement. The cell observed in this image sequence was from an unpeeled epidermal layer that remained associated with the leaf segment. The movements of the peroxisomes shown in this figure are also shown in a real-time image sequence in Additional data file Movie 1. Numbers indicate elapsed time in seconds. Bar, 2 μm. |
PMC1325227_F6_4274.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Interactions are apparent between peroxisomes and MTs in onion epidermal cells. Time-lapse images of a region from a GFP-MFP-expressing onion epidermal cell showing apparent transient and long-term interactions of peroxisomes and MTs. The movements of three peroxisomes were followed over 18 image frames. One of these peroxisomes (star) showed, throughout the entire series, oscillatory movements at a fixed location that were co-incident with a MT. Another peroxisome (arrow) remained fixed at a site coincident with a MT for approximately two seconds at the beginning of the image sequence, and then moved out of the field of view during the final two seconds. The initial movement is marked by the arrow in image frame 1.82. A dumbbell-shaped peroxisome (arrowhead) moved through the cytosol and appeared to transiently tether to a MT (second arrowhead, image frame 1.30). This peroxisome then released and tethered to another MT (third arrowhead, image frame 3.12) before releasing again and continuing its movement. The cell observed in this image sequence was from an unpeeled epidermal layer that remained associated with the leaf segment. The movements of the peroxisomes shown in this figure are also shown in a real-time image sequence in Additional data file Movie 1. Numbers indicate elapsed time in seconds. Bar, 2 μm. |
PMC1325227_F6_4279.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Interactions are apparent between peroxisomes and MTs in onion epidermal cells. Time-lapse images of a region from a GFP-MFP-expressing onion epidermal cell showing apparent transient and long-term interactions of peroxisomes and MTs. The movements of three peroxisomes were followed over 18 image frames. One of these peroxisomes (star) showed, throughout the entire series, oscillatory movements at a fixed location that were co-incident with a MT. Another peroxisome (arrow) remained fixed at a site coincident with a MT for approximately two seconds at the beginning of the image sequence, and then moved out of the field of view during the final two seconds. The initial movement is marked by the arrow in image frame 1.82. A dumbbell-shaped peroxisome (arrowhead) moved through the cytosol and appeared to transiently tether to a MT (second arrowhead, image frame 1.30). This peroxisome then released and tethered to another MT (third arrowhead, image frame 3.12) before releasing again and continuing its movement. The cell observed in this image sequence was from an unpeeled epidermal layer that remained associated with the leaf segment. The movements of the peroxisomes shown in this figure are also shown in a real-time image sequence in Additional data file Movie 1. Numbers indicate elapsed time in seconds. Bar, 2 μm. |
PMC1325231_F3_4291.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | CT-scan of patient 13 reveals several small and larger metastases in both liver lobes (figure 3A). HAE of the right liver lobe resulted in fair tumor reduction (figure 3B). Two large metastases in the left liver lober were treated by RFA and show characteristic cystic appearance (figure 3C). The end result six months after the RFA treatment shows a significant decrease of tumor mass in both liver lobes (figure 3D). |
PMC1325231_F3_4290.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | CT-scan of patient 13 reveals several small and larger metastases in both liver lobes (figure 3A). HAE of the right liver lobe resulted in fair tumor reduction (figure 3B). Two large metastases in the left liver lober were treated by RFA and show characteristic cystic appearance (figure 3C). The end result six months after the RFA treatment shows a significant decrease of tumor mass in both liver lobes (figure 3D). |
PMC1325231_F3_4292.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | CT-scan of patient 13 reveals several small and larger metastases in both liver lobes (figure 3A). HAE of the right liver lobe resulted in fair tumor reduction (figure 3B). Two large metastases in the left liver lober were treated by RFA and show characteristic cystic appearance (figure 3C). The end result six months after the RFA treatment shows a significant decrease of tumor mass in both liver lobes (figure 3D). |
PMC1325231_F3_4293.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | CT-scan of patient 13 reveals several small and larger metastases in both liver lobes (figure 3A). HAE of the right liver lobe resulted in fair tumor reduction (figure 3B). Two large metastases in the left liver lober were treated by RFA and show characteristic cystic appearance (figure 3C). The end result six months after the RFA treatment shows a significant decrease of tumor mass in both liver lobes (figure 3D). |
PMC1325236_F1_4295.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Histology of the aortic lesion: A. Chronic inflammatory infiltrate (yellow arrowhead), fibrosis (black arrowhead), and ill-formed granuloma (arrow). Hematoxylin-eosin, 100× magnification. B. Closer view of the ill-formed granuloma (arrow). Hematoxylin-eosin, 400× magnification. |
PMC1325236_F1_4294.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Histology of the aortic lesion: A. Chronic inflammatory infiltrate (yellow arrowhead), fibrosis (black arrowhead), and ill-formed granuloma (arrow). Hematoxylin-eosin, 100× magnification. B. Closer view of the ill-formed granuloma (arrow). Hematoxylin-eosin, 400× magnification. |
PMC1325242_F1_4296.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Immunohistochemical localization of phospho-Akt in human bronchial biopsies. Sections from human bronchial biopsies were incubated with antibodies specific for the phosphorylated form (ser473) of Akt, color developed with nickel-DAB (black) and counterstained with nuclear fast red. Representative stains of normal (A), mild dysplasia (B), moderate dysplasia (C) and severe dysplasia (D). |
PMC1325242_F1_4298.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Immunohistochemical localization of phospho-Akt in human bronchial biopsies. Sections from human bronchial biopsies were incubated with antibodies specific for the phosphorylated form (ser473) of Akt, color developed with nickel-DAB (black) and counterstained with nuclear fast red. Representative stains of normal (A), mild dysplasia (B), moderate dysplasia (C) and severe dysplasia (D). |
PMC1325253_F6_4302.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Immunohistochemical staining with TGF-β antibody on murine lung tissues. Three mice from each group were checked. Representative slides are shown for (a) unirradiated control mice at 3 weeks after sham-irradiation; (b) untreated mice at 3 weeks after 10 Gy irradiation; (c) CAPE-treated mice at 3 week after irradiation 10 Gy irradiation. These demonstrated that CAPE treatment attenuated the increased TGF-β immunoreactivity after irradiation. Magnification × 250. |
PMC1325253_F6_4301.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Immunohistochemical staining with TGF-β antibody on murine lung tissues. Three mice from each group were checked. Representative slides are shown for (a) unirradiated control mice at 3 weeks after sham-irradiation; (b) untreated mice at 3 weeks after 10 Gy irradiation; (c) CAPE-treated mice at 3 week after irradiation 10 Gy irradiation. These demonstrated that CAPE treatment attenuated the increased TGF-β immunoreactivity after irradiation. Magnification × 250. |
PMC1326214_F1_4303.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | A. Pelvic and lower extremity radiograph shows extensive calcification of the femoral arteries. B. Translumbar aortography shows near-total obstruction of the femoral arteries. |
PMC1326214_F1_4304.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | A. Pelvic and lower extremity radiograph shows extensive calcification of the femoral arteries. B. Translumbar aortography shows near-total obstruction of the femoral arteries. |
PMC1326214_F2_4307.jpg | What is shown in this image? | A. Neck radiograph evidences grossly calcified areas of soft tissue in the topography of the oropharynx. B. Direct laryngoscopic examination shows exophytic calcic deposits in the left pyriform sinus (arrow). |
PMC1326214_F2_4305.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | A. Neck radiograph evidences grossly calcified areas of soft tissue in the topography of the oropharynx. B. Direct laryngoscopic examination shows exophytic calcic deposits in the left pyriform sinus (arrow). |
PMC1326214_F2_4306.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | A. Neck radiograph evidences grossly calcified areas of soft tissue in the topography of the oropharynx. B. Direct laryngoscopic examination shows exophytic calcic deposits in the left pyriform sinus (arrow). |
PMC1326219_pgen-0020011-g005_4309.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Identification of MS Tumor MarkersArray elements were ranked based on the difference between the median expression in tumor samples of a given class and the 95th percentile expression level across all normal tissue samples. The dataset was selected in a similar fashion as for Figure 4 (see Protocol S1). Only array elements that passed data quality filters for at least 40% of normal tissues and at least 50% of one or more tumor classes were considered. The top 50 genes for each tumor class are shown, and the positions of several genes are indicated. Brain, lung, and breast tumors were divided into their previously known histologic and molecular subtypes.GBM, glioblastoma multiforme; oligo, oligoastrocytoma/oligodendroglioma; adeno, adenocarcinoma; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma. |
PMC1326219_pgen-0020011-g005_4308.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Identification of MS Tumor MarkersArray elements were ranked based on the difference between the median expression in tumor samples of a given class and the 95th percentile expression level across all normal tissue samples. The dataset was selected in a similar fashion as for Figure 4 (see Protocol S1). Only array elements that passed data quality filters for at least 40% of normal tissues and at least 50% of one or more tumor classes were considered. The top 50 genes for each tumor class are shown, and the positions of several genes are indicated. Brain, lung, and breast tumors were divided into their previously known histologic and molecular subtypes.GBM, glioblastoma multiforme; oligo, oligoastrocytoma/oligodendroglioma; adeno, adenocarcinoma; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma. |
PMC1326221_pgen-0020004-g005_4312.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Hair Cell Patterning Defects in the CochleaScanning electron micrographs demonstrating the different patterns of hair cell production along the length of the cochlea in Jag1-cko embryos.(A–D) Low-power views of the apical and basal cochlear turns. The boxed-in area along the base in (A) and (B) is shown at higher magnification in (C) and (D). Note the absence of hair cells in the base of the Jag1-cko cochlea, except for a small patch of cells in the more apical portion (arrow). Scale bars = 500 μm.(E and F) In the midbasal region, more hair cells are observed, but they are arranged in patches, with no clear distinction between inner and outer hair cells.(G and H) In the apical turn, hair cells are continuous but generally arranged in only two rows. Scale bar = 100 μm. |
PMC1326221_pgen-0020004-g005_4313.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Hair Cell Patterning Defects in the CochleaScanning electron micrographs demonstrating the different patterns of hair cell production along the length of the cochlea in Jag1-cko embryos.(A–D) Low-power views of the apical and basal cochlear turns. The boxed-in area along the base in (A) and (B) is shown at higher magnification in (C) and (D). Note the absence of hair cells in the base of the Jag1-cko cochlea, except for a small patch of cells in the more apical portion (arrow). Scale bars = 500 μm.(E and F) In the midbasal region, more hair cells are observed, but they are arranged in patches, with no clear distinction between inner and outer hair cells.(G and H) In the apical turn, hair cells are continuous but generally arranged in only two rows. Scale bar = 100 μm. |
PMC1326221_pgen-0020004-g005_4315.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Hair Cell Patterning Defects in the CochleaScanning electron micrographs demonstrating the different patterns of hair cell production along the length of the cochlea in Jag1-cko embryos.(A–D) Low-power views of the apical and basal cochlear turns. The boxed-in area along the base in (A) and (B) is shown at higher magnification in (C) and (D). Note the absence of hair cells in the base of the Jag1-cko cochlea, except for a small patch of cells in the more apical portion (arrow). Scale bars = 500 μm.(E and F) In the midbasal region, more hair cells are observed, but they are arranged in patches, with no clear distinction between inner and outer hair cells.(G and H) In the apical turn, hair cells are continuous but generally arranged in only two rows. Scale bar = 100 μm. |
PMC1326221_pgen-0020004-g005_4316.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Hair Cell Patterning Defects in the CochleaScanning electron micrographs demonstrating the different patterns of hair cell production along the length of the cochlea in Jag1-cko embryos.(A–D) Low-power views of the apical and basal cochlear turns. The boxed-in area along the base in (A) and (B) is shown at higher magnification in (C) and (D). Note the absence of hair cells in the base of the Jag1-cko cochlea, except for a small patch of cells in the more apical portion (arrow). Scale bars = 500 μm.(E and F) In the midbasal region, more hair cells are observed, but they are arranged in patches, with no clear distinction between inner and outer hair cells.(G and H) In the apical turn, hair cells are continuous but generally arranged in only two rows. Scale bar = 100 μm. |
PMC1326221_pgen-0020004-g005_4317.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Hair Cell Patterning Defects in the CochleaScanning electron micrographs demonstrating the different patterns of hair cell production along the length of the cochlea in Jag1-cko embryos.(A–D) Low-power views of the apical and basal cochlear turns. The boxed-in area along the base in (A) and (B) is shown at higher magnification in (C) and (D). Note the absence of hair cells in the base of the Jag1-cko cochlea, except for a small patch of cells in the more apical portion (arrow). Scale bars = 500 μm.(E and F) In the midbasal region, more hair cells are observed, but they are arranged in patches, with no clear distinction between inner and outer hair cells.(G and H) In the apical turn, hair cells are continuous but generally arranged in only two rows. Scale bar = 100 μm. |
PMC1326221_pgen-0020004-g005_4310.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Hair Cell Patterning Defects in the CochleaScanning electron micrographs demonstrating the different patterns of hair cell production along the length of the cochlea in Jag1-cko embryos.(A–D) Low-power views of the apical and basal cochlear turns. The boxed-in area along the base in (A) and (B) is shown at higher magnification in (C) and (D). Note the absence of hair cells in the base of the Jag1-cko cochlea, except for a small patch of cells in the more apical portion (arrow). Scale bars = 500 μm.(E and F) In the midbasal region, more hair cells are observed, but they are arranged in patches, with no clear distinction between inner and outer hair cells.(G and H) In the apical turn, hair cells are continuous but generally arranged in only two rows. Scale bar = 100 μm. |
PMC1326221_pgen-0020004-g005_4314.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Hair Cell Patterning Defects in the CochleaScanning electron micrographs demonstrating the different patterns of hair cell production along the length of the cochlea in Jag1-cko embryos.(A–D) Low-power views of the apical and basal cochlear turns. The boxed-in area along the base in (A) and (B) is shown at higher magnification in (C) and (D). Note the absence of hair cells in the base of the Jag1-cko cochlea, except for a small patch of cells in the more apical portion (arrow). Scale bars = 500 μm.(E and F) In the midbasal region, more hair cells are observed, but they are arranged in patches, with no clear distinction between inner and outer hair cells.(G and H) In the apical turn, hair cells are continuous but generally arranged in only two rows. Scale bar = 100 μm. |
PMC1326221_pgen-0020004-g005_4311.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Hair Cell Patterning Defects in the CochleaScanning electron micrographs demonstrating the different patterns of hair cell production along the length of the cochlea in Jag1-cko embryos.(A–D) Low-power views of the apical and basal cochlear turns. The boxed-in area along the base in (A) and (B) is shown at higher magnification in (C) and (D). Note the absence of hair cells in the base of the Jag1-cko cochlea, except for a small patch of cells in the more apical portion (arrow). Scale bars = 500 μm.(E and F) In the midbasal region, more hair cells are observed, but they are arranged in patches, with no clear distinction between inner and outer hair cells.(G and H) In the apical turn, hair cells are continuous but generally arranged in only two rows. Scale bar = 100 μm. |
PMC1326221_pgen-0020004-g007_4325.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Early Analysis of the Patterns of Differentiation in the Jag1-cko Cochlea Indicates the Defects Are Caused by a Failure in the Formation of Sensory Cells and Not Subsequent DegenerationLectin staining of whole-mount cochlea at E16.5.(A) Normal patterning in wild-type control cochlea. GER, greater epithelial ridge.(B) Both the basal and middle portions of the cochlea are shown, although because it is much longer in the control (A), the very basal portion of the cochlea has been removed. Note the lack of hair cells in the basal portion of the Jag1-cko cochlea.(C–H) Boxed-in areas of (A) and (B) are shown at higher magnification in (C) and (D). Arrows in (D) indicate the abnormal patches of hair cells also observed at E18.5. Similarly, the boxed-in regions of (E) and (F) are shown at higher magnification in (G) and (H), demonstrating the few hair cells that are just beginning to differentiate in this region in both the control and the mutant (arrowheads). Scale bars = 500 μm for the corresponding panels. |
PMC1326221_pgen-0020004-g007_4322.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Early Analysis of the Patterns of Differentiation in the Jag1-cko Cochlea Indicates the Defects Are Caused by a Failure in the Formation of Sensory Cells and Not Subsequent DegenerationLectin staining of whole-mount cochlea at E16.5.(A) Normal patterning in wild-type control cochlea. GER, greater epithelial ridge.(B) Both the basal and middle portions of the cochlea are shown, although because it is much longer in the control (A), the very basal portion of the cochlea has been removed. Note the lack of hair cells in the basal portion of the Jag1-cko cochlea.(C–H) Boxed-in areas of (A) and (B) are shown at higher magnification in (C) and (D). Arrows in (D) indicate the abnormal patches of hair cells also observed at E18.5. Similarly, the boxed-in regions of (E) and (F) are shown at higher magnification in (G) and (H), demonstrating the few hair cells that are just beginning to differentiate in this region in both the control and the mutant (arrowheads). Scale bars = 500 μm for the corresponding panels. |
PMC1326221_pgen-0020004-g007_4321.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Early Analysis of the Patterns of Differentiation in the Jag1-cko Cochlea Indicates the Defects Are Caused by a Failure in the Formation of Sensory Cells and Not Subsequent DegenerationLectin staining of whole-mount cochlea at E16.5.(A) Normal patterning in wild-type control cochlea. GER, greater epithelial ridge.(B) Both the basal and middle portions of the cochlea are shown, although because it is much longer in the control (A), the very basal portion of the cochlea has been removed. Note the lack of hair cells in the basal portion of the Jag1-cko cochlea.(C–H) Boxed-in areas of (A) and (B) are shown at higher magnification in (C) and (D). Arrows in (D) indicate the abnormal patches of hair cells also observed at E18.5. Similarly, the boxed-in regions of (E) and (F) are shown at higher magnification in (G) and (H), demonstrating the few hair cells that are just beginning to differentiate in this region in both the control and the mutant (arrowheads). Scale bars = 500 μm for the corresponding panels. |
PMC1326284_pbio-0040024-g001_4328.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | The Fine Detail of the Developing Vasculature of an approximately four-day-old Zebrafish Embryo Is Revealed Using Confocal MicroangiographyThe accessibility and optical clarity of zebrafish embryos lend a particular advantage to the study of vascular development. Fluorescent microspheres can be injected into the blood stream, penetrating the entire patent vascular system, allowing imaging of the vasculature using confocal microscopy. (Photo: B. Weinstein) |
PMC1326284_pbio-0040024-g001_4329.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | The Fine Detail of the Developing Vasculature of an approximately four-day-old Zebrafish Embryo Is Revealed Using Confocal MicroangiographyThe accessibility and optical clarity of zebrafish embryos lend a particular advantage to the study of vascular development. Fluorescent microspheres can be injected into the blood stream, penetrating the entire patent vascular system, allowing imaging of the vasculature using confocal microscopy. (Photo: B. Weinstein) |
PMC1327665_F1_4327.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Immunohistocemical detection of TGF-β1 in the renal tissue. A: Localization of TGF-β1 in a crescent and in tubular epithelial cells (dark brown area) (× 200). B: Negative control (× 200). |
PMC1327665_F1_4326.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Immunohistocemical detection of TGF-β1 in the renal tissue. A: Localization of TGF-β1 in a crescent and in tubular epithelial cells (dark brown area) (× 200). B: Negative control (× 200). |
PMC1327671_F4_4335.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | GFP-CpnA transiently binds to the plasma membrane and intracellular vacuoles in a small subset of starved cells. Cells expressing GFP-CpnA were washed three times in starvation buffer, placed on glass bottom plates, and imaged using a confocal microscope. A) and B) Successive time-lapse images taken every 2.5 seconds of a single cell from a plate of cells starved for 5.5 hours (arrows point to intracellular vacuoles). C) Successive time-lapse images taken every 2.5 seconds of a single cell from a plate of cells starved for 9.5 hours (arrowhead points to fluorescent dot). See Additional Files – Movies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. |
PMC1327671_F4_4342.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | GFP-CpnA transiently binds to the plasma membrane and intracellular vacuoles in a small subset of starved cells. Cells expressing GFP-CpnA were washed three times in starvation buffer, placed on glass bottom plates, and imaged using a confocal microscope. A) and B) Successive time-lapse images taken every 2.5 seconds of a single cell from a plate of cells starved for 5.5 hours (arrows point to intracellular vacuoles). C) Successive time-lapse images taken every 2.5 seconds of a single cell from a plate of cells starved for 9.5 hours (arrowhead points to fluorescent dot). See Additional Files – Movies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. |
PMC1327671_F4_4340.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | GFP-CpnA transiently binds to the plasma membrane and intracellular vacuoles in a small subset of starved cells. Cells expressing GFP-CpnA were washed three times in starvation buffer, placed on glass bottom plates, and imaged using a confocal microscope. A) and B) Successive time-lapse images taken every 2.5 seconds of a single cell from a plate of cells starved for 5.5 hours (arrows point to intracellular vacuoles). C) Successive time-lapse images taken every 2.5 seconds of a single cell from a plate of cells starved for 9.5 hours (arrowhead points to fluorescent dot). See Additional Files – Movies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. |
PMC1327671_F4_4332.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | GFP-CpnA transiently binds to the plasma membrane and intracellular vacuoles in a small subset of starved cells. Cells expressing GFP-CpnA were washed three times in starvation buffer, placed on glass bottom plates, and imaged using a confocal microscope. A) and B) Successive time-lapse images taken every 2.5 seconds of a single cell from a plate of cells starved for 5.5 hours (arrows point to intracellular vacuoles). C) Successive time-lapse images taken every 2.5 seconds of a single cell from a plate of cells starved for 9.5 hours (arrowhead points to fluorescent dot). See Additional Files – Movies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. |
PMC1327671_F4_4334.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | GFP-CpnA transiently binds to the plasma membrane and intracellular vacuoles in a small subset of starved cells. Cells expressing GFP-CpnA were washed three times in starvation buffer, placed on glass bottom plates, and imaged using a confocal microscope. A) and B) Successive time-lapse images taken every 2.5 seconds of a single cell from a plate of cells starved for 5.5 hours (arrows point to intracellular vacuoles). C) Successive time-lapse images taken every 2.5 seconds of a single cell from a plate of cells starved for 9.5 hours (arrowhead points to fluorescent dot). See Additional Files – Movies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. |
PMC1327671_F4_4338.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | GFP-CpnA transiently binds to the plasma membrane and intracellular vacuoles in a small subset of starved cells. Cells expressing GFP-CpnA were washed three times in starvation buffer, placed on glass bottom plates, and imaged using a confocal microscope. A) and B) Successive time-lapse images taken every 2.5 seconds of a single cell from a plate of cells starved for 5.5 hours (arrows point to intracellular vacuoles). C) Successive time-lapse images taken every 2.5 seconds of a single cell from a plate of cells starved for 9.5 hours (arrowhead points to fluorescent dot). See Additional Files – Movies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. |
PMC1327671_F4_4339.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | GFP-CpnA transiently binds to the plasma membrane and intracellular vacuoles in a small subset of starved cells. Cells expressing GFP-CpnA were washed three times in starvation buffer, placed on glass bottom plates, and imaged using a confocal microscope. A) and B) Successive time-lapse images taken every 2.5 seconds of a single cell from a plate of cells starved for 5.5 hours (arrows point to intracellular vacuoles). C) Successive time-lapse images taken every 2.5 seconds of a single cell from a plate of cells starved for 9.5 hours (arrowhead points to fluorescent dot). See Additional Files – Movies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. |
PMC1327671_F4_4336.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | GFP-CpnA transiently binds to the plasma membrane and intracellular vacuoles in a small subset of starved cells. Cells expressing GFP-CpnA were washed three times in starvation buffer, placed on glass bottom plates, and imaged using a confocal microscope. A) and B) Successive time-lapse images taken every 2.5 seconds of a single cell from a plate of cells starved for 5.5 hours (arrows point to intracellular vacuoles). C) Successive time-lapse images taken every 2.5 seconds of a single cell from a plate of cells starved for 9.5 hours (arrowhead points to fluorescent dot). See Additional Files – Movies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. |
PMC1327671_F4_4330.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | GFP-CpnA transiently binds to the plasma membrane and intracellular vacuoles in a small subset of starved cells. Cells expressing GFP-CpnA were washed three times in starvation buffer, placed on glass bottom plates, and imaged using a confocal microscope. A) and B) Successive time-lapse images taken every 2.5 seconds of a single cell from a plate of cells starved for 5.5 hours (arrows point to intracellular vacuoles). C) Successive time-lapse images taken every 2.5 seconds of a single cell from a plate of cells starved for 9.5 hours (arrowhead points to fluorescent dot). See Additional Files – Movies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. |
PMC1327671_F4_4337.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | GFP-CpnA transiently binds to the plasma membrane and intracellular vacuoles in a small subset of starved cells. Cells expressing GFP-CpnA were washed three times in starvation buffer, placed on glass bottom plates, and imaged using a confocal microscope. A) and B) Successive time-lapse images taken every 2.5 seconds of a single cell from a plate of cells starved for 5.5 hours (arrows point to intracellular vacuoles). C) Successive time-lapse images taken every 2.5 seconds of a single cell from a plate of cells starved for 9.5 hours (arrowhead points to fluorescent dot). See Additional Files – Movies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. |
PMC1327671_F4_4343.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | GFP-CpnA transiently binds to the plasma membrane and intracellular vacuoles in a small subset of starved cells. Cells expressing GFP-CpnA were washed three times in starvation buffer, placed on glass bottom plates, and imaged using a confocal microscope. A) and B) Successive time-lapse images taken every 2.5 seconds of a single cell from a plate of cells starved for 5.5 hours (arrows point to intracellular vacuoles). C) Successive time-lapse images taken every 2.5 seconds of a single cell from a plate of cells starved for 9.5 hours (arrowhead points to fluorescent dot). See Additional Files – Movies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. |
PMC1327671_F4_4331.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | GFP-CpnA transiently binds to the plasma membrane and intracellular vacuoles in a small subset of starved cells. Cells expressing GFP-CpnA were washed three times in starvation buffer, placed on glass bottom plates, and imaged using a confocal microscope. A) and B) Successive time-lapse images taken every 2.5 seconds of a single cell from a plate of cells starved for 5.5 hours (arrows point to intracellular vacuoles). C) Successive time-lapse images taken every 2.5 seconds of a single cell from a plate of cells starved for 9.5 hours (arrowhead points to fluorescent dot). See Additional Files – Movies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. |
PMC1327671_F5_4345.jpg | What is shown in this image? | GFP-CpnA associates with the plasma membrane and intracellular vacuoles in live disrupted cells in a calcium-dependent manner. Cells expressing GFP-CpnA were placed in water (A) or water with 2 mM EGTA (B) and scanned every 2.5 seconds on a confocal microscope. C) Cells expressing GFP only were placed in water and scanned every 2.5 seconds on a confocal microscope. Images shown are time-lapse sequences of cells in which the plasma membrane has been disrupted. See Additional Files – Movies 6, 7, 8. |
PMC1327671_F5_4347.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | GFP-CpnA associates with the plasma membrane and intracellular vacuoles in live disrupted cells in a calcium-dependent manner. Cells expressing GFP-CpnA were placed in water (A) or water with 2 mM EGTA (B) and scanned every 2.5 seconds on a confocal microscope. C) Cells expressing GFP only were placed in water and scanned every 2.5 seconds on a confocal microscope. Images shown are time-lapse sequences of cells in which the plasma membrane has been disrupted. See Additional Files – Movies 6, 7, 8. |
PMC1327671_F5_4346.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | GFP-CpnA associates with the plasma membrane and intracellular vacuoles in live disrupted cells in a calcium-dependent manner. Cells expressing GFP-CpnA were placed in water (A) or water with 2 mM EGTA (B) and scanned every 2.5 seconds on a confocal microscope. C) Cells expressing GFP only were placed in water and scanned every 2.5 seconds on a confocal microscope. Images shown are time-lapse sequences of cells in which the plasma membrane has been disrupted. See Additional Files – Movies 6, 7, 8. |
PMC1327671_F8_4355.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | GFP-CpnA labels endosomes, lysosomes, and phagosomes. Cells expressing GFP-CpnA were incubated with red fluorescent nanobeads for 2 hours, flattened with agarose, fixed, and imaged for both the beads and GFP-CpnA simultaneously using confocal microscopy. The same cells are displayed twice; GFP-CpnA only is shown on the left (A, C, E), while both the red beads and GFP-CpnA are shown to the right (B, D, F). Cells expressing GFP-CpnA were incubated with Alexa Fluor-594-labeled yeast for 1 hour, flattened with agarose, fixed, and imaged for both the yeast and GFP-CpnA simultaneously using confocal microscopy. One cell is displayed twice: GFP-CpnA only (G) and to the right, both GFP-CpnA and yeast (H). |
PMC1327671_F8_4348.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | GFP-CpnA labels endosomes, lysosomes, and phagosomes. Cells expressing GFP-CpnA were incubated with red fluorescent nanobeads for 2 hours, flattened with agarose, fixed, and imaged for both the beads and GFP-CpnA simultaneously using confocal microscopy. The same cells are displayed twice; GFP-CpnA only is shown on the left (A, C, E), while both the red beads and GFP-CpnA are shown to the right (B, D, F). Cells expressing GFP-CpnA were incubated with Alexa Fluor-594-labeled yeast for 1 hour, flattened with agarose, fixed, and imaged for both the yeast and GFP-CpnA simultaneously using confocal microscopy. One cell is displayed twice: GFP-CpnA only (G) and to the right, both GFP-CpnA and yeast (H). |
PMC1327671_F8_4354.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | GFP-CpnA labels endosomes, lysosomes, and phagosomes. Cells expressing GFP-CpnA were incubated with red fluorescent nanobeads for 2 hours, flattened with agarose, fixed, and imaged for both the beads and GFP-CpnA simultaneously using confocal microscopy. The same cells are displayed twice; GFP-CpnA only is shown on the left (A, C, E), while both the red beads and GFP-CpnA are shown to the right (B, D, F). Cells expressing GFP-CpnA were incubated with Alexa Fluor-594-labeled yeast for 1 hour, flattened with agarose, fixed, and imaged for both the yeast and GFP-CpnA simultaneously using confocal microscopy. One cell is displayed twice: GFP-CpnA only (G) and to the right, both GFP-CpnA and yeast (H). |
PMC1327671_F8_4352.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | GFP-CpnA labels endosomes, lysosomes, and phagosomes. Cells expressing GFP-CpnA were incubated with red fluorescent nanobeads for 2 hours, flattened with agarose, fixed, and imaged for both the beads and GFP-CpnA simultaneously using confocal microscopy. The same cells are displayed twice; GFP-CpnA only is shown on the left (A, C, E), while both the red beads and GFP-CpnA are shown to the right (B, D, F). Cells expressing GFP-CpnA were incubated with Alexa Fluor-594-labeled yeast for 1 hour, flattened with agarose, fixed, and imaged for both the yeast and GFP-CpnA simultaneously using confocal microscopy. One cell is displayed twice: GFP-CpnA only (G) and to the right, both GFP-CpnA and yeast (H). |
PMC1327675_F1_4358.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Two-dimensional scatter-plot of the microarray results. Each dot represents average expression values for the same gene from control (wild type, WT) animals (horizontal axis) and from ABP-transgenic (TG) animals (vertical axis) on a log10 scale. Genes with similar expression levels appear along the first diagonal (the line y=x); genes with expression levels that are different in the two groups appear above and below this line, respectively; the larger the difference, the farther away the point will be from the y = x line. The two parallel green lines mark the limits for two-fold differences. This identifies 478 genes that are up-regulated at least 2-fold and 311 genes that are down-regulated at least 2-fold in the TG animals, compared to the WT. |
PMC1327675_F1_4357.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Two-dimensional scatter-plot of the microarray results. Each dot represents average expression values for the same gene from control (wild type, WT) animals (horizontal axis) and from ABP-transgenic (TG) animals (vertical axis) on a log10 scale. Genes with similar expression levels appear along the first diagonal (the line y=x); genes with expression levels that are different in the two groups appear above and below this line, respectively; the larger the difference, the farther away the point will be from the y = x line. The two parallel green lines mark the limits for two-fold differences. This identifies 478 genes that are up-regulated at least 2-fold and 311 genes that are down-regulated at least 2-fold in the TG animals, compared to the WT. |
PMC1334193_F2_4363.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | EDCs induce zebrafish oocyte maturation. The morphology of oocytes after three hours of each treatment was photographed. Left-side panels indicate oocytes in zebrafish Ringer's solution. In right-side panels, oocytes were fixed in clearing solution for observation of germinal vesicles. Oocytes remained opaque after EtOH treatment whereas they became transparent after 17α, 20β-DHP, DES, TAM or 4-OHT treatments. Germinal vesicles were seen near the center of oocytes after EtOH treatment whereas they disappeared after 17α, 20β-DHP, DES, TAM or 4-OHT treatments. The arrow indicates germinal vesicle. |
PMC1334193_F2_4360.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | EDCs induce zebrafish oocyte maturation. The morphology of oocytes after three hours of each treatment was photographed. Left-side panels indicate oocytes in zebrafish Ringer's solution. In right-side panels, oocytes were fixed in clearing solution for observation of germinal vesicles. Oocytes remained opaque after EtOH treatment whereas they became transparent after 17α, 20β-DHP, DES, TAM or 4-OHT treatments. Germinal vesicles were seen near the center of oocytes after EtOH treatment whereas they disappeared after 17α, 20β-DHP, DES, TAM or 4-OHT treatments. The arrow indicates germinal vesicle. |
PMC1334193_F2_4362.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | EDCs induce zebrafish oocyte maturation. The morphology of oocytes after three hours of each treatment was photographed. Left-side panels indicate oocytes in zebrafish Ringer's solution. In right-side panels, oocytes were fixed in clearing solution for observation of germinal vesicles. Oocytes remained opaque after EtOH treatment whereas they became transparent after 17α, 20β-DHP, DES, TAM or 4-OHT treatments. Germinal vesicles were seen near the center of oocytes after EtOH treatment whereas they disappeared after 17α, 20β-DHP, DES, TAM or 4-OHT treatments. The arrow indicates germinal vesicle. |
PMC1334193_F2_4361.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | EDCs induce zebrafish oocyte maturation. The morphology of oocytes after three hours of each treatment was photographed. Left-side panels indicate oocytes in zebrafish Ringer's solution. In right-side panels, oocytes were fixed in clearing solution for observation of germinal vesicles. Oocytes remained opaque after EtOH treatment whereas they became transparent after 17α, 20β-DHP, DES, TAM or 4-OHT treatments. Germinal vesicles were seen near the center of oocytes after EtOH treatment whereas they disappeared after 17α, 20β-DHP, DES, TAM or 4-OHT treatments. The arrow indicates germinal vesicle. |
PMC1334202_F1_4370.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Histopathology of protein overload kidney from control and experimental animals. Parts A, C, E, G are all the same magnification (scale bar 0.1 mm) for comparison of relative sizes among groups. Similarly, parts B, D, F, H are all the same magnification (scale bar 0.1 mm) and each figure has the justiglomerular apparatus (JGA) denoted by an arrow head to show the vascular pole. A) Survey view showing normal cortex (200×) for NOD.B10 treated with saline (PAS stain). B) Higher magnification of saline-treated NOD.B10 showing normal glomerular structure (400×). JGA is shown (arrow) and tubular pole is opposite. C) BAS-treated NOD.B10 (PAS stain). Survey view showing increased staining in all 4 glomeruli accentuating Glomerular lobules (200×). D). Higher magnification of a BSA-treated NOD.B10 glomerulus showing expansion extending from the JGA region (arrows) to the peripheral mesangium accentuating the glomerular lobularity (400×). E) Saline treated NON (PAS stain) survey view of 5 glomeruli with preserved parenchyma (200×). Glomerular hyaline is just visible. F). Higher magnification of saline-treated NON shows intracapillary hyaline thrombi (arrows, 400×). G) BAS-treated NON (PAS stain) survey view (200×) of cortex with 4 glomeruli showing changes similar to those seen in BSA-treated NOD.B10 mice. No residual intracapillary thrombi are present. H) Higher power view of two BSA-treated NON glomeruli with varying degrees of mesangial expansion. JGA is indicated by arrow (400×). |
PMC1334202_F1_4369.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Histopathology of protein overload kidney from control and experimental animals. Parts A, C, E, G are all the same magnification (scale bar 0.1 mm) for comparison of relative sizes among groups. Similarly, parts B, D, F, H are all the same magnification (scale bar 0.1 mm) and each figure has the justiglomerular apparatus (JGA) denoted by an arrow head to show the vascular pole. A) Survey view showing normal cortex (200×) for NOD.B10 treated with saline (PAS stain). B) Higher magnification of saline-treated NOD.B10 showing normal glomerular structure (400×). JGA is shown (arrow) and tubular pole is opposite. C) BAS-treated NOD.B10 (PAS stain). Survey view showing increased staining in all 4 glomeruli accentuating Glomerular lobules (200×). D). Higher magnification of a BSA-treated NOD.B10 glomerulus showing expansion extending from the JGA region (arrows) to the peripheral mesangium accentuating the glomerular lobularity (400×). E) Saline treated NON (PAS stain) survey view of 5 glomeruli with preserved parenchyma (200×). Glomerular hyaline is just visible. F). Higher magnification of saline-treated NON shows intracapillary hyaline thrombi (arrows, 400×). G) BAS-treated NON (PAS stain) survey view (200×) of cortex with 4 glomeruli showing changes similar to those seen in BSA-treated NOD.B10 mice. No residual intracapillary thrombi are present. H) Higher power view of two BSA-treated NON glomeruli with varying degrees of mesangial expansion. JGA is indicated by arrow (400×). |
PMC1334202_F1_4367.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Histopathology of protein overload kidney from control and experimental animals. Parts A, C, E, G are all the same magnification (scale bar 0.1 mm) for comparison of relative sizes among groups. Similarly, parts B, D, F, H are all the same magnification (scale bar 0.1 mm) and each figure has the justiglomerular apparatus (JGA) denoted by an arrow head to show the vascular pole. A) Survey view showing normal cortex (200×) for NOD.B10 treated with saline (PAS stain). B) Higher magnification of saline-treated NOD.B10 showing normal glomerular structure (400×). JGA is shown (arrow) and tubular pole is opposite. C) BAS-treated NOD.B10 (PAS stain). Survey view showing increased staining in all 4 glomeruli accentuating Glomerular lobules (200×). D). Higher magnification of a BSA-treated NOD.B10 glomerulus showing expansion extending from the JGA region (arrows) to the peripheral mesangium accentuating the glomerular lobularity (400×). E) Saline treated NON (PAS stain) survey view of 5 glomeruli with preserved parenchyma (200×). Glomerular hyaline is just visible. F). Higher magnification of saline-treated NON shows intracapillary hyaline thrombi (arrows, 400×). G) BAS-treated NON (PAS stain) survey view (200×) of cortex with 4 glomeruli showing changes similar to those seen in BSA-treated NOD.B10 mice. No residual intracapillary thrombi are present. H) Higher power view of two BSA-treated NON glomeruli with varying degrees of mesangial expansion. JGA is indicated by arrow (400×). |
PMC1334202_F1_4365.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Histopathology of protein overload kidney from control and experimental animals. Parts A, C, E, G are all the same magnification (scale bar 0.1 mm) for comparison of relative sizes among groups. Similarly, parts B, D, F, H are all the same magnification (scale bar 0.1 mm) and each figure has the justiglomerular apparatus (JGA) denoted by an arrow head to show the vascular pole. A) Survey view showing normal cortex (200×) for NOD.B10 treated with saline (PAS stain). B) Higher magnification of saline-treated NOD.B10 showing normal glomerular structure (400×). JGA is shown (arrow) and tubular pole is opposite. C) BAS-treated NOD.B10 (PAS stain). Survey view showing increased staining in all 4 glomeruli accentuating Glomerular lobules (200×). D). Higher magnification of a BSA-treated NOD.B10 glomerulus showing expansion extending from the JGA region (arrows) to the peripheral mesangium accentuating the glomerular lobularity (400×). E) Saline treated NON (PAS stain) survey view of 5 glomeruli with preserved parenchyma (200×). Glomerular hyaline is just visible. F). Higher magnification of saline-treated NON shows intracapillary hyaline thrombi (arrows, 400×). G) BAS-treated NON (PAS stain) survey view (200×) of cortex with 4 glomeruli showing changes similar to those seen in BSA-treated NOD.B10 mice. No residual intracapillary thrombi are present. H) Higher power view of two BSA-treated NON glomeruli with varying degrees of mesangial expansion. JGA is indicated by arrow (400×). |
PMC1334202_F1_4372.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Histopathology of protein overload kidney from control and experimental animals. Parts A, C, E, G are all the same magnification (scale bar 0.1 mm) for comparison of relative sizes among groups. Similarly, parts B, D, F, H are all the same magnification (scale bar 0.1 mm) and each figure has the justiglomerular apparatus (JGA) denoted by an arrow head to show the vascular pole. A) Survey view showing normal cortex (200×) for NOD.B10 treated with saline (PAS stain). B) Higher magnification of saline-treated NOD.B10 showing normal glomerular structure (400×). JGA is shown (arrow) and tubular pole is opposite. C) BAS-treated NOD.B10 (PAS stain). Survey view showing increased staining in all 4 glomeruli accentuating Glomerular lobules (200×). D). Higher magnification of a BSA-treated NOD.B10 glomerulus showing expansion extending from the JGA region (arrows) to the peripheral mesangium accentuating the glomerular lobularity (400×). E) Saline treated NON (PAS stain) survey view of 5 glomeruli with preserved parenchyma (200×). Glomerular hyaline is just visible. F). Higher magnification of saline-treated NON shows intracapillary hyaline thrombi (arrows, 400×). G) BAS-treated NON (PAS stain) survey view (200×) of cortex with 4 glomeruli showing changes similar to those seen in BSA-treated NOD.B10 mice. No residual intracapillary thrombi are present. H) Higher power view of two BSA-treated NON glomeruli with varying degrees of mesangial expansion. JGA is indicated by arrow (400×). |
PMC1334202_F1_4366.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Histopathology of protein overload kidney from control and experimental animals. Parts A, C, E, G are all the same magnification (scale bar 0.1 mm) for comparison of relative sizes among groups. Similarly, parts B, D, F, H are all the same magnification (scale bar 0.1 mm) and each figure has the justiglomerular apparatus (JGA) denoted by an arrow head to show the vascular pole. A) Survey view showing normal cortex (200×) for NOD.B10 treated with saline (PAS stain). B) Higher magnification of saline-treated NOD.B10 showing normal glomerular structure (400×). JGA is shown (arrow) and tubular pole is opposite. C) BAS-treated NOD.B10 (PAS stain). Survey view showing increased staining in all 4 glomeruli accentuating Glomerular lobules (200×). D). Higher magnification of a BSA-treated NOD.B10 glomerulus showing expansion extending from the JGA region (arrows) to the peripheral mesangium accentuating the glomerular lobularity (400×). E) Saline treated NON (PAS stain) survey view of 5 glomeruli with preserved parenchyma (200×). Glomerular hyaline is just visible. F). Higher magnification of saline-treated NON shows intracapillary hyaline thrombi (arrows, 400×). G) BAS-treated NON (PAS stain) survey view (200×) of cortex with 4 glomeruli showing changes similar to those seen in BSA-treated NOD.B10 mice. No residual intracapillary thrombi are present. H) Higher power view of two BSA-treated NON glomeruli with varying degrees of mesangial expansion. JGA is indicated by arrow (400×). |
PMC1334210_F5_4378.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Lymphoid follicles in the lungs upon air or cigarette smoke exposure. Photomicrographs of lymphoid follicles in lungs of air- and cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed wild type mice and scid mice at 6 months (magnification × 100). (A)-(E) B220 staining (brown = B220 positive cells): (A) air-exposed wild type mice, (B) CS-exposed wild type mice, (C) air-exposed scid mice, (D) CS-exposed scid mice and (E) CS-exposed wild type mice (magnification × 200). (F) CD3/B220 staining (brown = CD3 positive cells; blue = B220 positive cells): CS-exposed wild type mice. |
PMC1334210_F5_4373.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Lymphoid follicles in the lungs upon air or cigarette smoke exposure. Photomicrographs of lymphoid follicles in lungs of air- and cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed wild type mice and scid mice at 6 months (magnification × 100). (A)-(E) B220 staining (brown = B220 positive cells): (A) air-exposed wild type mice, (B) CS-exposed wild type mice, (C) air-exposed scid mice, (D) CS-exposed scid mice and (E) CS-exposed wild type mice (magnification × 200). (F) CD3/B220 staining (brown = CD3 positive cells; blue = B220 positive cells): CS-exposed wild type mice. |
PMC1334210_F5_4377.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Lymphoid follicles in the lungs upon air or cigarette smoke exposure. Photomicrographs of lymphoid follicles in lungs of air- and cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed wild type mice and scid mice at 6 months (magnification × 100). (A)-(E) B220 staining (brown = B220 positive cells): (A) air-exposed wild type mice, (B) CS-exposed wild type mice, (C) air-exposed scid mice, (D) CS-exposed scid mice and (E) CS-exposed wild type mice (magnification × 200). (F) CD3/B220 staining (brown = CD3 positive cells; blue = B220 positive cells): CS-exposed wild type mice. |
PMC1334210_F5_4374.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Lymphoid follicles in the lungs upon air or cigarette smoke exposure. Photomicrographs of lymphoid follicles in lungs of air- and cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed wild type mice and scid mice at 6 months (magnification × 100). (A)-(E) B220 staining (brown = B220 positive cells): (A) air-exposed wild type mice, (B) CS-exposed wild type mice, (C) air-exposed scid mice, (D) CS-exposed scid mice and (E) CS-exposed wild type mice (magnification × 200). (F) CD3/B220 staining (brown = CD3 positive cells; blue = B220 positive cells): CS-exposed wild type mice. |
PMC1334215_F1_4379.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Colour fundus photograph of the right eye showing macular scar and massive subretinal fibrosis and a pale optic nerve. |
PMC1334217_F8_4381.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Methodology of the force-frequency curve with pacemaker stress echo in normal subject. On the left, from upper to lower rows: heart rate from external programming of permanent pacemaker (first row); systolic blood pressure by cuff sphygmomanometar (second row); left ventricular end-systolic apical four (4C) and the two (2C) chamber view (third and fourth row); end-systolic volume calculated with biplane Simpson method (fifth row). An increased heart rate is accompanied by an increased systolic pressure with smaller end-systolic volumes (normal up sloping FFR). |
PMC1334217_F8_4380.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Methodology of the force-frequency curve with pacemaker stress echo in normal subject. On the left, from upper to lower rows: heart rate from external programming of permanent pacemaker (first row); systolic blood pressure by cuff sphygmomanometar (second row); left ventricular end-systolic apical four (4C) and the two (2C) chamber view (third and fourth row); end-systolic volume calculated with biplane Simpson method (fifth row). An increased heart rate is accompanied by an increased systolic pressure with smaller end-systolic volumes (normal up sloping FFR). |
PMC1334217_F9_4382.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Methodology of the force-frequency curve with pacemaker stress echo in subject with post MI dilated cardiomyopathy and depressed baseline left ventricular function (EF = 30%). On the left, from upper to lower rows: heart rate from external programming of permanent pacemaker (first row); systolic blood pressure by cuff sphygmomanometar (second row); left ventricular end-systolic apical four (4C) and the two (2C) chamber view (third and fourth row); end-systolic volume calculated with biplane Simpson method (fifth row). An increased heart rate at peak pacing stress is accompanied by no change in end-systolic volumes (abnormal flat-biphasic FFR). |
PMC1334240_pbio-0040053-g001_4384.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | GFP fluorescence within an intact islet marks β-cells that do not have active potassium channels. Regions are outlined that contain cells with either normal or inactive channel activity |
PMC1334387_pbio-0040020-g006_4387.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Expression of ORs and OR83b Reconstitutes a Functional OR in Gr21a Neurons(A) Representative stimulus-evoked calcium signals recorded from the axon terminals of Gr21a neurons in the antennal lobe V glomerulus of a control animal (UAS-G-CaMP/UAS-G-CaMP;Gr21a-Gal4/Gr21a-Gal4; left column) and an animal misexpressing OR83b and GFP:OR43a in Gr21a neurons (UAS-G-CaMP/+;Gr21a-Gal4/UAS-GFP:Or43a;UAS-G-CaMP/UAS-Or83b; right column). Top row: intrinsic G-CaMP fluorescence of the V glomerulus. Dotted lines mark the antennal lobe border, and the black squares mark the area of the V glomerulus evaluated for stimulus-evoked changes in fluorescence. Middle row: false-color–coded images during stimulation with CO2 (5%) or cyclohexanol (10−2) represent ΔF/F (%) according to the scales on the right panel. Bottom row: time traces of stimulus-evoked signals of the V glomerulus. Black bars indicate odor stimulation time. The diminished responses to CO2 in animals expressing GFP:OR43a/OR83b may reflect competition between the resident and ectopic receptors in engaging the ciliary trafficking pathway or downstream signaling components.(B) Normalized odor-evoked calcium responses of control (blue) and GFP:OR43a/OR83b-misexpressing (red) animals [genotypes as in (A)] expressed as a percentage of the CO2 response in each genotype. GFP:OR43a/OR83b-misexpressing animals show stronger responses than control animals for the odor stimuli (all at 10−2) marked with an asterisk (p < 0.05; two-tailed unpaired t-test; n = 4 animals per genotype and stimulus). Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers: cyclohexanol (108–93–0), cyclohexanone (108–94–1), hexanol (111–27–3), benzaldehyde (100–52–7), isoamyl acetate (123–92–2), geranyl acetate (105–87–3), octanol (111–87–5), linalool (126–91–0), caproic acid (142–62–1). |
PMC1334387_pbio-0040020-g006_4388.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Expression of ORs and OR83b Reconstitutes a Functional OR in Gr21a Neurons(A) Representative stimulus-evoked calcium signals recorded from the axon terminals of Gr21a neurons in the antennal lobe V glomerulus of a control animal (UAS-G-CaMP/UAS-G-CaMP;Gr21a-Gal4/Gr21a-Gal4; left column) and an animal misexpressing OR83b and GFP:OR43a in Gr21a neurons (UAS-G-CaMP/+;Gr21a-Gal4/UAS-GFP:Or43a;UAS-G-CaMP/UAS-Or83b; right column). Top row: intrinsic G-CaMP fluorescence of the V glomerulus. Dotted lines mark the antennal lobe border, and the black squares mark the area of the V glomerulus evaluated for stimulus-evoked changes in fluorescence. Middle row: false-color–coded images during stimulation with CO2 (5%) or cyclohexanol (10−2) represent ΔF/F (%) according to the scales on the right panel. Bottom row: time traces of stimulus-evoked signals of the V glomerulus. Black bars indicate odor stimulation time. The diminished responses to CO2 in animals expressing GFP:OR43a/OR83b may reflect competition between the resident and ectopic receptors in engaging the ciliary trafficking pathway or downstream signaling components.(B) Normalized odor-evoked calcium responses of control (blue) and GFP:OR43a/OR83b-misexpressing (red) animals [genotypes as in (A)] expressed as a percentage of the CO2 response in each genotype. GFP:OR43a/OR83b-misexpressing animals show stronger responses than control animals for the odor stimuli (all at 10−2) marked with an asterisk (p < 0.05; two-tailed unpaired t-test; n = 4 animals per genotype and stimulus). Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers: cyclohexanol (108–93–0), cyclohexanone (108–94–1), hexanol (111–27–3), benzaldehyde (100–52–7), isoamyl acetate (123–92–2), geranyl acetate (105–87–3), octanol (111–87–5), linalool (126–91–0), caproic acid (142–62–1). |
PMC1334387_pbio-0040020-g006_4390.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Expression of ORs and OR83b Reconstitutes a Functional OR in Gr21a Neurons(A) Representative stimulus-evoked calcium signals recorded from the axon terminals of Gr21a neurons in the antennal lobe V glomerulus of a control animal (UAS-G-CaMP/UAS-G-CaMP;Gr21a-Gal4/Gr21a-Gal4; left column) and an animal misexpressing OR83b and GFP:OR43a in Gr21a neurons (UAS-G-CaMP/+;Gr21a-Gal4/UAS-GFP:Or43a;UAS-G-CaMP/UAS-Or83b; right column). Top row: intrinsic G-CaMP fluorescence of the V glomerulus. Dotted lines mark the antennal lobe border, and the black squares mark the area of the V glomerulus evaluated for stimulus-evoked changes in fluorescence. Middle row: false-color–coded images during stimulation with CO2 (5%) or cyclohexanol (10−2) represent ΔF/F (%) according to the scales on the right panel. Bottom row: time traces of stimulus-evoked signals of the V glomerulus. Black bars indicate odor stimulation time. The diminished responses to CO2 in animals expressing GFP:OR43a/OR83b may reflect competition between the resident and ectopic receptors in engaging the ciliary trafficking pathway or downstream signaling components.(B) Normalized odor-evoked calcium responses of control (blue) and GFP:OR43a/OR83b-misexpressing (red) animals [genotypes as in (A)] expressed as a percentage of the CO2 response in each genotype. GFP:OR43a/OR83b-misexpressing animals show stronger responses than control animals for the odor stimuli (all at 10−2) marked with an asterisk (p < 0.05; two-tailed unpaired t-test; n = 4 animals per genotype and stimulus). Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers: cyclohexanol (108–93–0), cyclohexanone (108–94–1), hexanol (111–27–3), benzaldehyde (100–52–7), isoamyl acetate (123–92–2), geranyl acetate (105–87–3), octanol (111–87–5), linalool (126–91–0), caproic acid (142–62–1). |
PMC1334387_pbio-0040020-g010_4394.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Probing OR83b Topology by Antibody Epitope Staining(A) Left panel: whole-mount view of a third instar larval salivary gland expressing GFP:OR83b (green) counterstained with DAPI (blue) to visualize the cell nuclei. Genotype in this and subsequent panels: AB1-Gal4/+;UAS-GFP:Or83b/+. The white box marks the approximate field of view of this tissue shown in all subsequent panels. Right bar graphic: snake plot of OR83b showing the predicted topological location of the N-terminal GFP epitope and the OR83b α-EC2 antibody epitope.(B) Immunostaining of GFP:OR83b (intrinsic fluorescence in green) in larval salivary gland cells with α-EC2 (red) and α-GFP (purple) when permeabilized (0.25% Triton X-100 detergent, top row) or unpermeabilized (no detergent, middle row). The cell membrane staining of OR83b α-EC2 under unpermeabilized conditions is not detected in control salivary glands (AB1-Gal4/+) (bottom). Images are single confocal sections of cells in a plane through or just above the cell nuclei (visualized with DAPI staining, blue).(C) Salivary glands expressing GFP:OR83b (AB1-Gal4/+;UAS-GFP:Or83b/+) were stained with antibodies against the epitopes, illustrated in red in the snake plots on the left, under permeabilized or unpermeabilized conditions. For clarity, only the red channel is shown. None of the antibodies stain control salivary glands under permeabilized conditions (unpublished data).(D) Horizontal section of an antennal sensillum viewed by conventional EM reveals cross-sections of dendritic membranes (scale bar = 1 μm). C, cuticle; P, pore; D, dendrite; SL, sensillum lymph.(E) ImmunoEM on a horizontal section of an antennal sensillum using OR83b α-EC2 and a secondary antibody conjugated to 5 nm colloidal gold reveals distribution of the EC2 epitope on the extracellular face of the dendritic membranes (scale bar = 200 nm).(F) Quantification of gold particle distribution scored from four sections obtained in two independent experiments. |
PMC1334387_pbio-0040020-g010_4393.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Probing OR83b Topology by Antibody Epitope Staining(A) Left panel: whole-mount view of a third instar larval salivary gland expressing GFP:OR83b (green) counterstained with DAPI (blue) to visualize the cell nuclei. Genotype in this and subsequent panels: AB1-Gal4/+;UAS-GFP:Or83b/+. The white box marks the approximate field of view of this tissue shown in all subsequent panels. Right bar graphic: snake plot of OR83b showing the predicted topological location of the N-terminal GFP epitope and the OR83b α-EC2 antibody epitope.(B) Immunostaining of GFP:OR83b (intrinsic fluorescence in green) in larval salivary gland cells with α-EC2 (red) and α-GFP (purple) when permeabilized (0.25% Triton X-100 detergent, top row) or unpermeabilized (no detergent, middle row). The cell membrane staining of OR83b α-EC2 under unpermeabilized conditions is not detected in control salivary glands (AB1-Gal4/+) (bottom). Images are single confocal sections of cells in a plane through or just above the cell nuclei (visualized with DAPI staining, blue).(C) Salivary glands expressing GFP:OR83b (AB1-Gal4/+;UAS-GFP:Or83b/+) were stained with antibodies against the epitopes, illustrated in red in the snake plots on the left, under permeabilized or unpermeabilized conditions. For clarity, only the red channel is shown. None of the antibodies stain control salivary glands under permeabilized conditions (unpublished data).(D) Horizontal section of an antennal sensillum viewed by conventional EM reveals cross-sections of dendritic membranes (scale bar = 1 μm). C, cuticle; P, pore; D, dendrite; SL, sensillum lymph.(E) ImmunoEM on a horizontal section of an antennal sensillum using OR83b α-EC2 and a secondary antibody conjugated to 5 nm colloidal gold reveals distribution of the EC2 epitope on the extracellular face of the dendritic membranes (scale bar = 200 nm).(F) Quantification of gold particle distribution scored from four sections obtained in two independent experiments. |
PMC1334387_pbio-0040020-g010_4395.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Probing OR83b Topology by Antibody Epitope Staining(A) Left panel: whole-mount view of a third instar larval salivary gland expressing GFP:OR83b (green) counterstained with DAPI (blue) to visualize the cell nuclei. Genotype in this and subsequent panels: AB1-Gal4/+;UAS-GFP:Or83b/+. The white box marks the approximate field of view of this tissue shown in all subsequent panels. Right bar graphic: snake plot of OR83b showing the predicted topological location of the N-terminal GFP epitope and the OR83b α-EC2 antibody epitope.(B) Immunostaining of GFP:OR83b (intrinsic fluorescence in green) in larval salivary gland cells with α-EC2 (red) and α-GFP (purple) when permeabilized (0.25% Triton X-100 detergent, top row) or unpermeabilized (no detergent, middle row). The cell membrane staining of OR83b α-EC2 under unpermeabilized conditions is not detected in control salivary glands (AB1-Gal4/+) (bottom). Images are single confocal sections of cells in a plane through or just above the cell nuclei (visualized with DAPI staining, blue).(C) Salivary glands expressing GFP:OR83b (AB1-Gal4/+;UAS-GFP:Or83b/+) were stained with antibodies against the epitopes, illustrated in red in the snake plots on the left, under permeabilized or unpermeabilized conditions. For clarity, only the red channel is shown. None of the antibodies stain control salivary glands under permeabilized conditions (unpublished data).(D) Horizontal section of an antennal sensillum viewed by conventional EM reveals cross-sections of dendritic membranes (scale bar = 1 μm). C, cuticle; P, pore; D, dendrite; SL, sensillum lymph.(E) ImmunoEM on a horizontal section of an antennal sensillum using OR83b α-EC2 and a secondary antibody conjugated to 5 nm colloidal gold reveals distribution of the EC2 epitope on the extracellular face of the dendritic membranes (scale bar = 200 nm).(F) Quantification of gold particle distribution scored from four sections obtained in two independent experiments. |
PMC1334387_pbio-0040020-g010_4400.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Probing OR83b Topology by Antibody Epitope Staining(A) Left panel: whole-mount view of a third instar larval salivary gland expressing GFP:OR83b (green) counterstained with DAPI (blue) to visualize the cell nuclei. Genotype in this and subsequent panels: AB1-Gal4/+;UAS-GFP:Or83b/+. The white box marks the approximate field of view of this tissue shown in all subsequent panels. Right bar graphic: snake plot of OR83b showing the predicted topological location of the N-terminal GFP epitope and the OR83b α-EC2 antibody epitope.(B) Immunostaining of GFP:OR83b (intrinsic fluorescence in green) in larval salivary gland cells with α-EC2 (red) and α-GFP (purple) when permeabilized (0.25% Triton X-100 detergent, top row) or unpermeabilized (no detergent, middle row). The cell membrane staining of OR83b α-EC2 under unpermeabilized conditions is not detected in control salivary glands (AB1-Gal4/+) (bottom). Images are single confocal sections of cells in a plane through or just above the cell nuclei (visualized with DAPI staining, blue).(C) Salivary glands expressing GFP:OR83b (AB1-Gal4/+;UAS-GFP:Or83b/+) were stained with antibodies against the epitopes, illustrated in red in the snake plots on the left, under permeabilized or unpermeabilized conditions. For clarity, only the red channel is shown. None of the antibodies stain control salivary glands under permeabilized conditions (unpublished data).(D) Horizontal section of an antennal sensillum viewed by conventional EM reveals cross-sections of dendritic membranes (scale bar = 1 μm). C, cuticle; P, pore; D, dendrite; SL, sensillum lymph.(E) ImmunoEM on a horizontal section of an antennal sensillum using OR83b α-EC2 and a secondary antibody conjugated to 5 nm colloidal gold reveals distribution of the EC2 epitope on the extracellular face of the dendritic membranes (scale bar = 200 nm).(F) Quantification of gold particle distribution scored from four sections obtained in two independent experiments. |
PMC1343561_F1_4401.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Computerized tomographic scan of patient 1 demonstrating a large tumor. |
PMC1343563_F8_4402.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Sample of colored digital picture as it was used for histomorphometrical measurements. Digital images of ground sections (30–40 μm. toluidine blue, 5.8 times magnification) were used. The sample represents a colored ground section of the equine group (EN). |
PMC1343588_F3_4403.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | A 3D hologram of a patient with an atrioventricular septal defect is seen from a ventricular view. The arrow points out the commissure between the superior (SBL) and inferior bridging leaflets (IBL) (RV = right ventricle). |
PMC1351192_F2_4405.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | The post-operative T- tube cholangiography. It is demonstrating a fistula (open black arrow) located between the CBD (solid arrow) and the duodenum (open white arrow). |
PMC1351196_F4_4406.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | In situ localisation of REC8 post-mitotic catastrophe in endopolyploid Namalwa cells: (A) REC8 (red) appears on day 3 in the metaphase-arrested cells which, as judged by the adhered swollen chromosomes, undergo restitution into endopolyploid cells. DNA counterstained by DAPI (blue) (insert- rat testis control for Rec8); (B) IF double-staining for kinetochores/centromeres by CREST antibody (FITC, green) and REC8 (red) in a polyploid interphasic cell, where interaction of REC8 foci with kinetochores/centromeres is shown; arrow and arrowhead indicate the insertion of several REC8 foci in CREST-positive arrayed structures; the image insert shows a higher magnification of a centromere doublet cohesed with a focus of REC8. |
PMC1351196_F4_4407.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | In situ localisation of REC8 post-mitotic catastrophe in endopolyploid Namalwa cells: (A) REC8 (red) appears on day 3 in the metaphase-arrested cells which, as judged by the adhered swollen chromosomes, undergo restitution into endopolyploid cells. DNA counterstained by DAPI (blue) (insert- rat testis control for Rec8); (B) IF double-staining for kinetochores/centromeres by CREST antibody (FITC, green) and REC8 (red) in a polyploid interphasic cell, where interaction of REC8 foci with kinetochores/centromeres is shown; arrow and arrowhead indicate the insertion of several REC8 foci in CREST-positive arrayed structures; the image insert shows a higher magnification of a centromere doublet cohesed with a focus of REC8. |
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