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PMC1311140_ppat-0010042-g005_4126.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Heightened Binding of Dectin-1 to A. fumigatus SCA soluble fusion protein consisting of the extracellular carbohydrate recognition domain of dectin-1 fused with the Fc portion of murine IgG1 (s-dectin-mFc) was constructed and incubated with live A. fumigatus RC and SC. Binding of s-dectin-mFc was detected by Cy3-conjugated, goat anti-mouse IgG antibody followed by imaging with a Zeiss Axioplan 2 upright fluorescent deconvolution microscope (Zeiss), and images were captured using 3i Slidebook Version 4.0 software (Optical Analysis). Representative micrographs show s-dectin-mFc binding to A. fumigatus grown for 2 h (A), 6 h (B), 10 h (C), and 24 h (D). Left lane images are differential interference contrast (DIC) images, and right lane images are Cy3 staining. Magnification is 630 × oil emersion for all frames. |
PMC1311140_ppat-0010042-g005_4130.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Heightened Binding of Dectin-1 to A. fumigatus SCA soluble fusion protein consisting of the extracellular carbohydrate recognition domain of dectin-1 fused with the Fc portion of murine IgG1 (s-dectin-mFc) was constructed and incubated with live A. fumigatus RC and SC. Binding of s-dectin-mFc was detected by Cy3-conjugated, goat anti-mouse IgG antibody followed by imaging with a Zeiss Axioplan 2 upright fluorescent deconvolution microscope (Zeiss), and images were captured using 3i Slidebook Version 4.0 software (Optical Analysis). Representative micrographs show s-dectin-mFc binding to A. fumigatus grown for 2 h (A), 6 h (B), 10 h (C), and 24 h (D). Left lane images are differential interference contrast (DIC) images, and right lane images are Cy3 staining. Magnification is 630 × oil emersion for all frames. |
PMC1314891_F2_4131.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging revealing tumor infiltration of the cranium and frontal cortex. |
PMC1314893_F1_4133.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | A 65 year old patient with visual acuity of 1/10 in right eye that developed visual lost three months earlier. Color photograph shows a CNV with a small hemorrhage and sub retinal fluid. Fluorescein angiogram shows A: Early RPE defects above and below the foveal center. Later B: shows late dye leakage indication occult CNV. |
PMC1314921_f3-ehp0113-001784_4135.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | MRIs of the patient. (A) Symmetric increase in signal intensity at bilateral cerebellar periventricular area on T2WI (9 February 2004). (B) Previous cerebellar dantate nuclei region hyperintensity on T2WI has subsided (17 March 2004). |
PMC1314921_f3-ehp0113-001784_4136.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | MRIs of the patient. (A) Symmetric increase in signal intensity at bilateral cerebellar periventricular area on T2WI (9 February 2004). (B) Previous cerebellar dantate nuclei region hyperintensity on T2WI has subsided (17 March 2004). |
PMC1315066_f3-ehp0113-001755_4138.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Chrysene induces CYP1A through both AhR1 and AhR2. All images show CYP1A immunofluorescence at 72 hpf (A, B, G, H) or 48 hpf (C–F) after exposure to 9 μM chrysene from 6 hpf. (A–F) Lateral epifluorescent images with anterior to the left in uninjected (A), AhR2 morphant (B), AhR1-MIS–injected (C), AhR1 morphant (D), AhR1/AhR2 double morphant (E), and CYP1A morphant (F ) embryos. Epidermal CYP1A is seen as punctate fluorescence on the surface of the embryos. Immunofluorescent signal in the otic capsule and jaw cartilage was often observed in unexposed embryos. This signal was resistant to CYP1A morpholino (F) and is therefore likely to represent a cross-reactive protein. (G, H) Confocal images of uninjected chrysene-exposed embryos. (G) Three-dimensional confocal projection (180 μm series of optical sections) of CYP1A immunofluorescence, ventral view with anterior at top. Arrows indicate CYP1A+ blood vessels; AA1, mandibular arch; CrDI, cranial division of the internal carotid artery; OA, optic artery; ORA, opercular artery. (H) Confocal optical section through the cardiac chambers (anterior at top) with CYP1A (green) and myosin heavy chain (red) immunofluorescence. The asterisk (*) indicates CYP1A+ endothelial cells lining the ventricle. Bars = 250 μm (A–F) and 50 μm (G, H). |
PMC1315066_f3-ehp0113-001755_4143.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Chrysene induces CYP1A through both AhR1 and AhR2. All images show CYP1A immunofluorescence at 72 hpf (A, B, G, H) or 48 hpf (C–F) after exposure to 9 μM chrysene from 6 hpf. (A–F) Lateral epifluorescent images with anterior to the left in uninjected (A), AhR2 morphant (B), AhR1-MIS–injected (C), AhR1 morphant (D), AhR1/AhR2 double morphant (E), and CYP1A morphant (F ) embryos. Epidermal CYP1A is seen as punctate fluorescence on the surface of the embryos. Immunofluorescent signal in the otic capsule and jaw cartilage was often observed in unexposed embryos. This signal was resistant to CYP1A morpholino (F) and is therefore likely to represent a cross-reactive protein. (G, H) Confocal images of uninjected chrysene-exposed embryos. (G) Three-dimensional confocal projection (180 μm series of optical sections) of CYP1A immunofluorescence, ventral view with anterior at top. Arrows indicate CYP1A+ blood vessels; AA1, mandibular arch; CrDI, cranial division of the internal carotid artery; OA, optic artery; ORA, opercular artery. (H) Confocal optical section through the cardiac chambers (anterior at top) with CYP1A (green) and myosin heavy chain (red) immunofluorescence. The asterisk (*) indicates CYP1A+ endothelial cells lining the ventricle. Bars = 250 μm (A–F) and 50 μm (G, H). |
PMC1315066_f3-ehp0113-001755_4139.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Chrysene induces CYP1A through both AhR1 and AhR2. All images show CYP1A immunofluorescence at 72 hpf (A, B, G, H) or 48 hpf (C–F) after exposure to 9 μM chrysene from 6 hpf. (A–F) Lateral epifluorescent images with anterior to the left in uninjected (A), AhR2 morphant (B), AhR1-MIS–injected (C), AhR1 morphant (D), AhR1/AhR2 double morphant (E), and CYP1A morphant (F ) embryos. Epidermal CYP1A is seen as punctate fluorescence on the surface of the embryos. Immunofluorescent signal in the otic capsule and jaw cartilage was often observed in unexposed embryos. This signal was resistant to CYP1A morpholino (F) and is therefore likely to represent a cross-reactive protein. (G, H) Confocal images of uninjected chrysene-exposed embryos. (G) Three-dimensional confocal projection (180 μm series of optical sections) of CYP1A immunofluorescence, ventral view with anterior at top. Arrows indicate CYP1A+ blood vessels; AA1, mandibular arch; CrDI, cranial division of the internal carotid artery; OA, optic artery; ORA, opercular artery. (H) Confocal optical section through the cardiac chambers (anterior at top) with CYP1A (green) and myosin heavy chain (red) immunofluorescence. The asterisk (*) indicates CYP1A+ endothelial cells lining the ventricle. Bars = 250 μm (A–F) and 50 μm (G, H). |
PMC1315066_f3-ehp0113-001755_4144.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Chrysene induces CYP1A through both AhR1 and AhR2. All images show CYP1A immunofluorescence at 72 hpf (A, B, G, H) or 48 hpf (C–F) after exposure to 9 μM chrysene from 6 hpf. (A–F) Lateral epifluorescent images with anterior to the left in uninjected (A), AhR2 morphant (B), AhR1-MIS–injected (C), AhR1 morphant (D), AhR1/AhR2 double morphant (E), and CYP1A morphant (F ) embryos. Epidermal CYP1A is seen as punctate fluorescence on the surface of the embryos. Immunofluorescent signal in the otic capsule and jaw cartilage was often observed in unexposed embryos. This signal was resistant to CYP1A morpholino (F) and is therefore likely to represent a cross-reactive protein. (G, H) Confocal images of uninjected chrysene-exposed embryos. (G) Three-dimensional confocal projection (180 μm series of optical sections) of CYP1A immunofluorescence, ventral view with anterior at top. Arrows indicate CYP1A+ blood vessels; AA1, mandibular arch; CrDI, cranial division of the internal carotid artery; OA, optic artery; ORA, opercular artery. (H) Confocal optical section through the cardiac chambers (anterior at top) with CYP1A (green) and myosin heavy chain (red) immunofluorescence. The asterisk (*) indicates CYP1A+ endothelial cells lining the ventricle. Bars = 250 μm (A–F) and 50 μm (G, H). |
PMC1315066_f3-ehp0113-001755_4142.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Chrysene induces CYP1A through both AhR1 and AhR2. All images show CYP1A immunofluorescence at 72 hpf (A, B, G, H) or 48 hpf (C–F) after exposure to 9 μM chrysene from 6 hpf. (A–F) Lateral epifluorescent images with anterior to the left in uninjected (A), AhR2 morphant (B), AhR1-MIS–injected (C), AhR1 morphant (D), AhR1/AhR2 double morphant (E), and CYP1A morphant (F ) embryos. Epidermal CYP1A is seen as punctate fluorescence on the surface of the embryos. Immunofluorescent signal in the otic capsule and jaw cartilage was often observed in unexposed embryos. This signal was resistant to CYP1A morpholino (F) and is therefore likely to represent a cross-reactive protein. (G, H) Confocal images of uninjected chrysene-exposed embryos. (G) Three-dimensional confocal projection (180 μm series of optical sections) of CYP1A immunofluorescence, ventral view with anterior at top. Arrows indicate CYP1A+ blood vessels; AA1, mandibular arch; CrDI, cranial division of the internal carotid artery; OA, optic artery; ORA, opercular artery. (H) Confocal optical section through the cardiac chambers (anterior at top) with CYP1A (green) and myosin heavy chain (red) immunofluorescence. The asterisk (*) indicates CYP1A+ endothelial cells lining the ventricle. Bars = 250 μm (A–F) and 50 μm (G, H). |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g001_4153.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Immunohistochemical Localization of Sam68 in Embryonic Mice(A) Embryonic mice were removed from pregnant dams at E14.5 and E16.5, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and embedded in paraffin. The entire embryo was immunostained with the AD1 anti-Sam68 antibody and counterstained with methyl green, and the image was captured at ×1.2 magnification.(B) Embryonic soft tissues from the brain, heart and gut were stained with hematoxylin (left) and immunostained with anti-Sam68 antibody (right), and images were captured at ×20 magnification.(C) Intense anti-Sam68 immunoreactivity was seen in chondrocytes in the nasal septum (panels A–D), in developing vertebra (panels E–H), and in the femoral epiphysis (panels I–K), as well as in diaphyseal osteoblasts (panel L). Adjacent sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (panels A, E, and I) or with antibody preadsorbed with the immunizing peptide (panels B, F, and J). Sam68 was localized primarily in the nucleus of cells in a variety of tissues but was also found occasionally in the cytoplasm. Magnification at source ×20, except for panels D, H, and L, which were ×40. Staining patterns are representative of three to five embryos. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g001_4156.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Immunohistochemical Localization of Sam68 in Embryonic Mice(A) Embryonic mice were removed from pregnant dams at E14.5 and E16.5, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and embedded in paraffin. The entire embryo was immunostained with the AD1 anti-Sam68 antibody and counterstained with methyl green, and the image was captured at ×1.2 magnification.(B) Embryonic soft tissues from the brain, heart and gut were stained with hematoxylin (left) and immunostained with anti-Sam68 antibody (right), and images were captured at ×20 magnification.(C) Intense anti-Sam68 immunoreactivity was seen in chondrocytes in the nasal septum (panels A–D), in developing vertebra (panels E–H), and in the femoral epiphysis (panels I–K), as well as in diaphyseal osteoblasts (panel L). Adjacent sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (panels A, E, and I) or with antibody preadsorbed with the immunizing peptide (panels B, F, and J). Sam68 was localized primarily in the nucleus of cells in a variety of tissues but was also found occasionally in the cytoplasm. Magnification at source ×20, except for panels D, H, and L, which were ×40. Staining patterns are representative of three to five embryos. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g001_4151.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Immunohistochemical Localization of Sam68 in Embryonic Mice(A) Embryonic mice were removed from pregnant dams at E14.5 and E16.5, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and embedded in paraffin. The entire embryo was immunostained with the AD1 anti-Sam68 antibody and counterstained with methyl green, and the image was captured at ×1.2 magnification.(B) Embryonic soft tissues from the brain, heart and gut were stained with hematoxylin (left) and immunostained with anti-Sam68 antibody (right), and images were captured at ×20 magnification.(C) Intense anti-Sam68 immunoreactivity was seen in chondrocytes in the nasal septum (panels A–D), in developing vertebra (panels E–H), and in the femoral epiphysis (panels I–K), as well as in diaphyseal osteoblasts (panel L). Adjacent sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (panels A, E, and I) or with antibody preadsorbed with the immunizing peptide (panels B, F, and J). Sam68 was localized primarily in the nucleus of cells in a variety of tissues but was also found occasionally in the cytoplasm. Magnification at source ×20, except for panels D, H, and L, which were ×40. Staining patterns are representative of three to five embryos. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g001_4148.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Immunohistochemical Localization of Sam68 in Embryonic Mice(A) Embryonic mice were removed from pregnant dams at E14.5 and E16.5, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and embedded in paraffin. The entire embryo was immunostained with the AD1 anti-Sam68 antibody and counterstained with methyl green, and the image was captured at ×1.2 magnification.(B) Embryonic soft tissues from the brain, heart and gut were stained with hematoxylin (left) and immunostained with anti-Sam68 antibody (right), and images were captured at ×20 magnification.(C) Intense anti-Sam68 immunoreactivity was seen in chondrocytes in the nasal septum (panels A–D), in developing vertebra (panels E–H), and in the femoral epiphysis (panels I–K), as well as in diaphyseal osteoblasts (panel L). Adjacent sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (panels A, E, and I) or with antibody preadsorbed with the immunizing peptide (panels B, F, and J). Sam68 was localized primarily in the nucleus of cells in a variety of tissues but was also found occasionally in the cytoplasm. Magnification at source ×20, except for panels D, H, and L, which were ×40. Staining patterns are representative of three to five embryos. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g001_4150.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Immunohistochemical Localization of Sam68 in Embryonic Mice(A) Embryonic mice were removed from pregnant dams at E14.5 and E16.5, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and embedded in paraffin. The entire embryo was immunostained with the AD1 anti-Sam68 antibody and counterstained with methyl green, and the image was captured at ×1.2 magnification.(B) Embryonic soft tissues from the brain, heart and gut were stained with hematoxylin (left) and immunostained with anti-Sam68 antibody (right), and images were captured at ×20 magnification.(C) Intense anti-Sam68 immunoreactivity was seen in chondrocytes in the nasal septum (panels A–D), in developing vertebra (panels E–H), and in the femoral epiphysis (panels I–K), as well as in diaphyseal osteoblasts (panel L). Adjacent sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (panels A, E, and I) or with antibody preadsorbed with the immunizing peptide (panels B, F, and J). Sam68 was localized primarily in the nucleus of cells in a variety of tissues but was also found occasionally in the cytoplasm. Magnification at source ×20, except for panels D, H, and L, which were ×40. Staining patterns are representative of three to five embryos. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g001_4157.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Immunohistochemical Localization of Sam68 in Embryonic Mice(A) Embryonic mice were removed from pregnant dams at E14.5 and E16.5, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and embedded in paraffin. The entire embryo was immunostained with the AD1 anti-Sam68 antibody and counterstained with methyl green, and the image was captured at ×1.2 magnification.(B) Embryonic soft tissues from the brain, heart and gut were stained with hematoxylin (left) and immunostained with anti-Sam68 antibody (right), and images were captured at ×20 magnification.(C) Intense anti-Sam68 immunoreactivity was seen in chondrocytes in the nasal septum (panels A–D), in developing vertebra (panels E–H), and in the femoral epiphysis (panels I–K), as well as in diaphyseal osteoblasts (panel L). Adjacent sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (panels A, E, and I) or with antibody preadsorbed with the immunizing peptide (panels B, F, and J). Sam68 was localized primarily in the nucleus of cells in a variety of tissues but was also found occasionally in the cytoplasm. Magnification at source ×20, except for panels D, H, and L, which were ×40. Staining patterns are representative of three to five embryos. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g001_4147.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Immunohistochemical Localization of Sam68 in Embryonic Mice(A) Embryonic mice were removed from pregnant dams at E14.5 and E16.5, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and embedded in paraffin. The entire embryo was immunostained with the AD1 anti-Sam68 antibody and counterstained with methyl green, and the image was captured at ×1.2 magnification.(B) Embryonic soft tissues from the brain, heart and gut were stained with hematoxylin (left) and immunostained with anti-Sam68 antibody (right), and images were captured at ×20 magnification.(C) Intense anti-Sam68 immunoreactivity was seen in chondrocytes in the nasal septum (panels A–D), in developing vertebra (panels E–H), and in the femoral epiphysis (panels I–K), as well as in diaphyseal osteoblasts (panel L). Adjacent sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (panels A, E, and I) or with antibody preadsorbed with the immunizing peptide (panels B, F, and J). Sam68 was localized primarily in the nucleus of cells in a variety of tissues but was also found occasionally in the cytoplasm. Magnification at source ×20, except for panels D, H, and L, which were ×40. Staining patterns are representative of three to five embryos. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g001_4149.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Immunohistochemical Localization of Sam68 in Embryonic Mice(A) Embryonic mice were removed from pregnant dams at E14.5 and E16.5, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and embedded in paraffin. The entire embryo was immunostained with the AD1 anti-Sam68 antibody and counterstained with methyl green, and the image was captured at ×1.2 magnification.(B) Embryonic soft tissues from the brain, heart and gut were stained with hematoxylin (left) and immunostained with anti-Sam68 antibody (right), and images were captured at ×20 magnification.(C) Intense anti-Sam68 immunoreactivity was seen in chondrocytes in the nasal septum (panels A–D), in developing vertebra (panels E–H), and in the femoral epiphysis (panels I–K), as well as in diaphyseal osteoblasts (panel L). Adjacent sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (panels A, E, and I) or with antibody preadsorbed with the immunizing peptide (panels B, F, and J). Sam68 was localized primarily in the nucleus of cells in a variety of tissues but was also found occasionally in the cytoplasm. Magnification at source ×20, except for panels D, H, and L, which were ×40. Staining patterns are representative of three to five embryos. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g001_4152.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Immunohistochemical Localization of Sam68 in Embryonic Mice(A) Embryonic mice were removed from pregnant dams at E14.5 and E16.5, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and embedded in paraffin. The entire embryo was immunostained with the AD1 anti-Sam68 antibody and counterstained with methyl green, and the image was captured at ×1.2 magnification.(B) Embryonic soft tissues from the brain, heart and gut were stained with hematoxylin (left) and immunostained with anti-Sam68 antibody (right), and images were captured at ×20 magnification.(C) Intense anti-Sam68 immunoreactivity was seen in chondrocytes in the nasal septum (panels A–D), in developing vertebra (panels E–H), and in the femoral epiphysis (panels I–K), as well as in diaphyseal osteoblasts (panel L). Adjacent sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (panels A, E, and I) or with antibody preadsorbed with the immunizing peptide (panels B, F, and J). Sam68 was localized primarily in the nucleus of cells in a variety of tissues but was also found occasionally in the cytoplasm. Magnification at source ×20, except for panels D, H, and L, which were ×40. Staining patterns are representative of three to five embryos. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g001_4145.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Immunohistochemical Localization of Sam68 in Embryonic Mice(A) Embryonic mice were removed from pregnant dams at E14.5 and E16.5, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and embedded in paraffin. The entire embryo was immunostained with the AD1 anti-Sam68 antibody and counterstained with methyl green, and the image was captured at ×1.2 magnification.(B) Embryonic soft tissues from the brain, heart and gut were stained with hematoxylin (left) and immunostained with anti-Sam68 antibody (right), and images were captured at ×20 magnification.(C) Intense anti-Sam68 immunoreactivity was seen in chondrocytes in the nasal septum (panels A–D), in developing vertebra (panels E–H), and in the femoral epiphysis (panels I–K), as well as in diaphyseal osteoblasts (panel L). Adjacent sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (panels A, E, and I) or with antibody preadsorbed with the immunizing peptide (panels B, F, and J). Sam68 was localized primarily in the nucleus of cells in a variety of tissues but was also found occasionally in the cytoplasm. Magnification at source ×20, except for panels D, H, and L, which were ×40. Staining patterns are representative of three to five embryos. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g001_4146.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Immunohistochemical Localization of Sam68 in Embryonic Mice(A) Embryonic mice were removed from pregnant dams at E14.5 and E16.5, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and embedded in paraffin. The entire embryo was immunostained with the AD1 anti-Sam68 antibody and counterstained with methyl green, and the image was captured at ×1.2 magnification.(B) Embryonic soft tissues from the brain, heart and gut were stained with hematoxylin (left) and immunostained with anti-Sam68 antibody (right), and images were captured at ×20 magnification.(C) Intense anti-Sam68 immunoreactivity was seen in chondrocytes in the nasal septum (panels A–D), in developing vertebra (panels E–H), and in the femoral epiphysis (panels I–K), as well as in diaphyseal osteoblasts (panel L). Adjacent sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (panels A, E, and I) or with antibody preadsorbed with the immunizing peptide (panels B, F, and J). Sam68 was localized primarily in the nucleus of cells in a variety of tissues but was also found occasionally in the cytoplasm. Magnification at source ×20, except for panels D, H, and L, which were ×40. Staining patterns are representative of three to five embryos. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g001_4154.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Immunohistochemical Localization of Sam68 in Embryonic Mice(A) Embryonic mice were removed from pregnant dams at E14.5 and E16.5, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and embedded in paraffin. The entire embryo was immunostained with the AD1 anti-Sam68 antibody and counterstained with methyl green, and the image was captured at ×1.2 magnification.(B) Embryonic soft tissues from the brain, heart and gut were stained with hematoxylin (left) and immunostained with anti-Sam68 antibody (right), and images were captured at ×20 magnification.(C) Intense anti-Sam68 immunoreactivity was seen in chondrocytes in the nasal septum (panels A–D), in developing vertebra (panels E–H), and in the femoral epiphysis (panels I–K), as well as in diaphyseal osteoblasts (panel L). Adjacent sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (panels A, E, and I) or with antibody preadsorbed with the immunizing peptide (panels B, F, and J). Sam68 was localized primarily in the nucleus of cells in a variety of tissues but was also found occasionally in the cytoplasm. Magnification at source ×20, except for panels D, H, and L, which were ×40. Staining patterns are representative of three to five embryos. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g003_4171.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Radiologic Assessment of the Femur of Young and Old Sam68+/+ and Sam68−/− Mice(A) Mice were given a lethal dose of anesthetic at the indicated times, and contact radiographs of the distal femora were obtained on a Faxitron MX20 equipped with an FPX-2 Imaging system. Representative radiographs of the distal femur of Sam68+/+ (+/+) and Sam68−/− (−/−) mice revealed comparable radiopacity at 4 months (left). At 12 months (right), cortical thinning (arrow) and radiolucency (asterisk) were apparent in the distal femur of +/+ mice but not −/− mice.(B) Bones were dissected free of soft tissue and fixed overnight in 4% paraformaldehyde before scanning on a Skyscan 1072 static instrument equipped with 3D Creator analytical software. Representative three-dimensional re-constructions and two-dimensional cross-sectional scans demonstrated similar architecture in the distal femur of Sam68+/+ (+/+) and Sam68−/− (−/−) mice. In keeping with the results from Faxitron x-ray, trabecular bone (asterisk) and cortical thickness (arrow) were reduced in the femur of 12-month-old +/+ mice compared with all other groups. The images are representative of those from five to seven animals in each group. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g003_4172.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Radiologic Assessment of the Femur of Young and Old Sam68+/+ and Sam68−/− Mice(A) Mice were given a lethal dose of anesthetic at the indicated times, and contact radiographs of the distal femora were obtained on a Faxitron MX20 equipped with an FPX-2 Imaging system. Representative radiographs of the distal femur of Sam68+/+ (+/+) and Sam68−/− (−/−) mice revealed comparable radiopacity at 4 months (left). At 12 months (right), cortical thinning (arrow) and radiolucency (asterisk) were apparent in the distal femur of +/+ mice but not −/− mice.(B) Bones were dissected free of soft tissue and fixed overnight in 4% paraformaldehyde before scanning on a Skyscan 1072 static instrument equipped with 3D Creator analytical software. Representative three-dimensional re-constructions and two-dimensional cross-sectional scans demonstrated similar architecture in the distal femur of Sam68+/+ (+/+) and Sam68−/− (−/−) mice. In keeping with the results from Faxitron x-ray, trabecular bone (asterisk) and cortical thickness (arrow) were reduced in the femur of 12-month-old +/+ mice compared with all other groups. The images are representative of those from five to seven animals in each group. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g003_4166.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Radiologic Assessment of the Femur of Young and Old Sam68+/+ and Sam68−/− Mice(A) Mice were given a lethal dose of anesthetic at the indicated times, and contact radiographs of the distal femora were obtained on a Faxitron MX20 equipped with an FPX-2 Imaging system. Representative radiographs of the distal femur of Sam68+/+ (+/+) and Sam68−/− (−/−) mice revealed comparable radiopacity at 4 months (left). At 12 months (right), cortical thinning (arrow) and radiolucency (asterisk) were apparent in the distal femur of +/+ mice but not −/− mice.(B) Bones were dissected free of soft tissue and fixed overnight in 4% paraformaldehyde before scanning on a Skyscan 1072 static instrument equipped with 3D Creator analytical software. Representative three-dimensional re-constructions and two-dimensional cross-sectional scans demonstrated similar architecture in the distal femur of Sam68+/+ (+/+) and Sam68−/− (−/−) mice. In keeping with the results from Faxitron x-ray, trabecular bone (asterisk) and cortical thickness (arrow) were reduced in the femur of 12-month-old +/+ mice compared with all other groups. The images are representative of those from five to seven animals in each group. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g003_4173.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Radiologic Assessment of the Femur of Young and Old Sam68+/+ and Sam68−/− Mice(A) Mice were given a lethal dose of anesthetic at the indicated times, and contact radiographs of the distal femora were obtained on a Faxitron MX20 equipped with an FPX-2 Imaging system. Representative radiographs of the distal femur of Sam68+/+ (+/+) and Sam68−/− (−/−) mice revealed comparable radiopacity at 4 months (left). At 12 months (right), cortical thinning (arrow) and radiolucency (asterisk) were apparent in the distal femur of +/+ mice but not −/− mice.(B) Bones were dissected free of soft tissue and fixed overnight in 4% paraformaldehyde before scanning on a Skyscan 1072 static instrument equipped with 3D Creator analytical software. Representative three-dimensional re-constructions and two-dimensional cross-sectional scans demonstrated similar architecture in the distal femur of Sam68+/+ (+/+) and Sam68−/− (−/−) mice. In keeping with the results from Faxitron x-ray, trabecular bone (asterisk) and cortical thickness (arrow) were reduced in the femur of 12-month-old +/+ mice compared with all other groups. The images are representative of those from five to seven animals in each group. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g003_4168.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Radiologic Assessment of the Femur of Young and Old Sam68+/+ and Sam68−/− Mice(A) Mice were given a lethal dose of anesthetic at the indicated times, and contact radiographs of the distal femora were obtained on a Faxitron MX20 equipped with an FPX-2 Imaging system. Representative radiographs of the distal femur of Sam68+/+ (+/+) and Sam68−/− (−/−) mice revealed comparable radiopacity at 4 months (left). At 12 months (right), cortical thinning (arrow) and radiolucency (asterisk) were apparent in the distal femur of +/+ mice but not −/− mice.(B) Bones were dissected free of soft tissue and fixed overnight in 4% paraformaldehyde before scanning on a Skyscan 1072 static instrument equipped with 3D Creator analytical software. Representative three-dimensional re-constructions and two-dimensional cross-sectional scans demonstrated similar architecture in the distal femur of Sam68+/+ (+/+) and Sam68−/− (−/−) mice. In keeping with the results from Faxitron x-ray, trabecular bone (asterisk) and cortical thickness (arrow) were reduced in the femur of 12-month-old +/+ mice compared with all other groups. The images are representative of those from five to seven animals in each group. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g003_4170.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Radiologic Assessment of the Femur of Young and Old Sam68+/+ and Sam68−/− Mice(A) Mice were given a lethal dose of anesthetic at the indicated times, and contact radiographs of the distal femora were obtained on a Faxitron MX20 equipped with an FPX-2 Imaging system. Representative radiographs of the distal femur of Sam68+/+ (+/+) and Sam68−/− (−/−) mice revealed comparable radiopacity at 4 months (left). At 12 months (right), cortical thinning (arrow) and radiolucency (asterisk) were apparent in the distal femur of +/+ mice but not −/− mice.(B) Bones were dissected free of soft tissue and fixed overnight in 4% paraformaldehyde before scanning on a Skyscan 1072 static instrument equipped with 3D Creator analytical software. Representative three-dimensional re-constructions and two-dimensional cross-sectional scans demonstrated similar architecture in the distal femur of Sam68+/+ (+/+) and Sam68−/− (−/−) mice. In keeping with the results from Faxitron x-ray, trabecular bone (asterisk) and cortical thickness (arrow) were reduced in the femur of 12-month-old +/+ mice compared with all other groups. The images are representative of those from five to seven animals in each group. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g003_4167.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Radiologic Assessment of the Femur of Young and Old Sam68+/+ and Sam68−/− Mice(A) Mice were given a lethal dose of anesthetic at the indicated times, and contact radiographs of the distal femora were obtained on a Faxitron MX20 equipped with an FPX-2 Imaging system. Representative radiographs of the distal femur of Sam68+/+ (+/+) and Sam68−/− (−/−) mice revealed comparable radiopacity at 4 months (left). At 12 months (right), cortical thinning (arrow) and radiolucency (asterisk) were apparent in the distal femur of +/+ mice but not −/− mice.(B) Bones were dissected free of soft tissue and fixed overnight in 4% paraformaldehyde before scanning on a Skyscan 1072 static instrument equipped with 3D Creator analytical software. Representative three-dimensional re-constructions and two-dimensional cross-sectional scans demonstrated similar architecture in the distal femur of Sam68+/+ (+/+) and Sam68−/− (−/−) mice. In keeping with the results from Faxitron x-ray, trabecular bone (asterisk) and cortical thickness (arrow) were reduced in the femur of 12-month-old +/+ mice compared with all other groups. The images are representative of those from five to seven animals in each group. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g005_4158.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Histologic Analysis of Undecalcified Bone from Sam68+/+ and Sam68−/− MiceSections of tibia fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in plastic were stained for ALP (A–C, E–G) activity to identify osteoblasts or for TRAP (B–D, F–H) activity to identify osteoclasts. Staining patterns were similar in 4-month-old Sam68+/+ (A and B), 4-month-old Sam68−/− (C and D), and 12-month-old Sam68−/− (G and H) mice compared with 12-month-old Sam68+/+ mice (E and F). Magnification at source, left panels ×10 and right panels ×40. Micrographs are representative of those taken from five to seven sections in each group of animals. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g005_4160.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Histologic Analysis of Undecalcified Bone from Sam68+/+ and Sam68−/− MiceSections of tibia fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in plastic were stained for ALP (A–C, E–G) activity to identify osteoblasts or for TRAP (B–D, F–H) activity to identify osteoclasts. Staining patterns were similar in 4-month-old Sam68+/+ (A and B), 4-month-old Sam68−/− (C and D), and 12-month-old Sam68−/− (G and H) mice compared with 12-month-old Sam68+/+ mice (E and F). Magnification at source, left panels ×10 and right panels ×40. Micrographs are representative of those taken from five to seven sections in each group of animals. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g005_4163.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Histologic Analysis of Undecalcified Bone from Sam68+/+ and Sam68−/− MiceSections of tibia fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in plastic were stained for ALP (A–C, E–G) activity to identify osteoblasts or for TRAP (B–D, F–H) activity to identify osteoclasts. Staining patterns were similar in 4-month-old Sam68+/+ (A and B), 4-month-old Sam68−/− (C and D), and 12-month-old Sam68−/− (G and H) mice compared with 12-month-old Sam68+/+ mice (E and F). Magnification at source, left panels ×10 and right panels ×40. Micrographs are representative of those taken from five to seven sections in each group of animals. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g005_4161.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Histologic Analysis of Undecalcified Bone from Sam68+/+ and Sam68−/− MiceSections of tibia fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in plastic were stained for ALP (A–C, E–G) activity to identify osteoblasts or for TRAP (B–D, F–H) activity to identify osteoclasts. Staining patterns were similar in 4-month-old Sam68+/+ (A and B), 4-month-old Sam68−/− (C and D), and 12-month-old Sam68−/− (G and H) mice compared with 12-month-old Sam68+/+ mice (E and F). Magnification at source, left panels ×10 and right panels ×40. Micrographs are representative of those taken from five to seven sections in each group of animals. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g005_4164.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Histologic Analysis of Undecalcified Bone from Sam68+/+ and Sam68−/− MiceSections of tibia fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in plastic were stained for ALP (A–C, E–G) activity to identify osteoblasts or for TRAP (B–D, F–H) activity to identify osteoclasts. Staining patterns were similar in 4-month-old Sam68+/+ (A and B), 4-month-old Sam68−/− (C and D), and 12-month-old Sam68−/− (G and H) mice compared with 12-month-old Sam68+/+ mice (E and F). Magnification at source, left panels ×10 and right panels ×40. Micrographs are representative of those taken from five to seven sections in each group of animals. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g005_4159.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Histologic Analysis of Undecalcified Bone from Sam68+/+ and Sam68−/− MiceSections of tibia fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in plastic were stained for ALP (A–C, E–G) activity to identify osteoblasts or for TRAP (B–D, F–H) activity to identify osteoclasts. Staining patterns were similar in 4-month-old Sam68+/+ (A and B), 4-month-old Sam68−/− (C and D), and 12-month-old Sam68−/− (G and H) mice compared with 12-month-old Sam68+/+ mice (E and F). Magnification at source, left panels ×10 and right panels ×40. Micrographs are representative of those taken from five to seven sections in each group of animals. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g005_4162.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Histologic Analysis of Undecalcified Bone from Sam68+/+ and Sam68−/− MiceSections of tibia fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in plastic were stained for ALP (A–C, E–G) activity to identify osteoblasts or for TRAP (B–D, F–H) activity to identify osteoclasts. Staining patterns were similar in 4-month-old Sam68+/+ (A and B), 4-month-old Sam68−/− (C and D), and 12-month-old Sam68−/− (G and H) mice compared with 12-month-old Sam68+/+ mice (E and F). Magnification at source, left panels ×10 and right panels ×40. Micrographs are representative of those taken from five to seven sections in each group of animals. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g005_4165.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Histologic Analysis of Undecalcified Bone from Sam68+/+ and Sam68−/− MiceSections of tibia fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in plastic were stained for ALP (A–C, E–G) activity to identify osteoblasts or for TRAP (B–D, F–H) activity to identify osteoclasts. Staining patterns were similar in 4-month-old Sam68+/+ (A and B), 4-month-old Sam68−/− (C and D), and 12-month-old Sam68−/− (G and H) mice compared with 12-month-old Sam68+/+ mice (E and F). Magnification at source, left panels ×10 and right panels ×40. Micrographs are representative of those taken from five to seven sections in each group of animals. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g006_4179.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Ex Vivo Activity of Sam68+/+ and Sam68−/− Osteoblasts and OsteoclastsMarrow stromal cells were isolated from the long bones of juvenile mice and maintained under conditions that promote osteoblast differentiation.(A) Cultures were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde after 6 or 18 days and stained in situ for ALP activity and with silver nitrate (von Kossa) to detect mineralized nodules. Sam68−/− cultures stained more intensely for ALP at early and late time points and produced significantly more mineralized nodules after 18 days. Asterisks represent p < 0.01.(B) Primary osteoclasts were isolated from the crushed long bones of the same mice and plated on glass coverslips or on dentin slices to quantify numbers and activity, respectively. Osteoclasts were identified as cells with three or more nuclei that stained positive for TRAP activity (upper) and excavated pits in dentin slices, as demonstrated by SEM (lower, bar = 20 μm). No statistical differences were observed either in the number of TRAP-positive cells or in their resorptive activity. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g006_4174.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Ex Vivo Activity of Sam68+/+ and Sam68−/− Osteoblasts and OsteoclastsMarrow stromal cells were isolated from the long bones of juvenile mice and maintained under conditions that promote osteoblast differentiation.(A) Cultures were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde after 6 or 18 days and stained in situ for ALP activity and with silver nitrate (von Kossa) to detect mineralized nodules. Sam68−/− cultures stained more intensely for ALP at early and late time points and produced significantly more mineralized nodules after 18 days. Asterisks represent p < 0.01.(B) Primary osteoclasts were isolated from the crushed long bones of the same mice and plated on glass coverslips or on dentin slices to quantify numbers and activity, respectively. Osteoclasts were identified as cells with three or more nuclei that stained positive for TRAP activity (upper) and excavated pits in dentin slices, as demonstrated by SEM (lower, bar = 20 μm). No statistical differences were observed either in the number of TRAP-positive cells or in their resorptive activity. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g006_4176.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Ex Vivo Activity of Sam68+/+ and Sam68−/− Osteoblasts and OsteoclastsMarrow stromal cells were isolated from the long bones of juvenile mice and maintained under conditions that promote osteoblast differentiation.(A) Cultures were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde after 6 or 18 days and stained in situ for ALP activity and with silver nitrate (von Kossa) to detect mineralized nodules. Sam68−/− cultures stained more intensely for ALP at early and late time points and produced significantly more mineralized nodules after 18 days. Asterisks represent p < 0.01.(B) Primary osteoclasts were isolated from the crushed long bones of the same mice and plated on glass coverslips or on dentin slices to quantify numbers and activity, respectively. Osteoclasts were identified as cells with three or more nuclei that stained positive for TRAP activity (upper) and excavated pits in dentin slices, as demonstrated by SEM (lower, bar = 20 μm). No statistical differences were observed either in the number of TRAP-positive cells or in their resorptive activity. |
PMC1315279_pgen-0010074-g006_4178.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Ex Vivo Activity of Sam68+/+ and Sam68−/− Osteoblasts and OsteoclastsMarrow stromal cells were isolated from the long bones of juvenile mice and maintained under conditions that promote osteoblast differentiation.(A) Cultures were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde after 6 or 18 days and stained in situ for ALP activity and with silver nitrate (von Kossa) to detect mineralized nodules. Sam68−/− cultures stained more intensely for ALP at early and late time points and produced significantly more mineralized nodules after 18 days. Asterisks represent p < 0.01.(B) Primary osteoclasts were isolated from the crushed long bones of the same mice and plated on glass coverslips or on dentin slices to quantify numbers and activity, respectively. Osteoclasts were identified as cells with three or more nuclei that stained positive for TRAP activity (upper) and excavated pits in dentin slices, as demonstrated by SEM (lower, bar = 20 μm). No statistical differences were observed either in the number of TRAP-positive cells or in their resorptive activity. |
PMC1315322_F2_4180.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Ultrastructure of jejunocytes and colonocytes. Electron micrographs of monolayer cultures of bovine jejunocytes (A) and colonocytes (B). Note the presence of microvilli (MV) and tight junctions (TJ). Magnification: 6,000 ×. |
PMC1315322_F2_4181.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Ultrastructure of jejunocytes and colonocytes. Electron micrographs of monolayer cultures of bovine jejunocytes (A) and colonocytes (B). Note the presence of microvilli (MV) and tight junctions (TJ). Magnification: 6,000 ×. |
PMC1315327_F6_4188.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Localization of CaBP-9k protein by immunohistochemicalstaining in maternal uterus. Immuno-reactivity of CaBP-9k protein expression following treatment with OP and NP was investigated in endometrium and smooth myometrial fibers dose-dependently. Especially, these proteins that are widely spaced through the stromal cells in endometrium s, stroma cells; le, Luminal epithelial cell; ge, glandular epithelial cell. Magnification × 100. [Reproduced with permission from Hong EJ, Choi KC, Jeung EB 2004 Induction of Calbindin-D9k mRNA and protein by maternal exposure to alkylphenols during late pregnancy in maternal and postnatal uteri of rats. Biol Reprod 71: 669–675] |
PMC1315327_F6_4186.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Localization of CaBP-9k protein by immunohistochemicalstaining in maternal uterus. Immuno-reactivity of CaBP-9k protein expression following treatment with OP and NP was investigated in endometrium and smooth myometrial fibers dose-dependently. Especially, these proteins that are widely spaced through the stromal cells in endometrium s, stroma cells; le, Luminal epithelial cell; ge, glandular epithelial cell. Magnification × 100. [Reproduced with permission from Hong EJ, Choi KC, Jeung EB 2004 Induction of Calbindin-D9k mRNA and protein by maternal exposure to alkylphenols during late pregnancy in maternal and postnatal uteri of rats. Biol Reprod 71: 669–675] |
PMC1315327_F6_4190.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Localization of CaBP-9k protein by immunohistochemicalstaining in maternal uterus. Immuno-reactivity of CaBP-9k protein expression following treatment with OP and NP was investigated in endometrium and smooth myometrial fibers dose-dependently. Especially, these proteins that are widely spaced through the stromal cells in endometrium s, stroma cells; le, Luminal epithelial cell; ge, glandular epithelial cell. Magnification × 100. [Reproduced with permission from Hong EJ, Choi KC, Jeung EB 2004 Induction of Calbindin-D9k mRNA and protein by maternal exposure to alkylphenols during late pregnancy in maternal and postnatal uteri of rats. Biol Reprod 71: 669–675] |
PMC1315327_F6_4187.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Localization of CaBP-9k protein by immunohistochemicalstaining in maternal uterus. Immuno-reactivity of CaBP-9k protein expression following treatment with OP and NP was investigated in endometrium and smooth myometrial fibers dose-dependently. Especially, these proteins that are widely spaced through the stromal cells in endometrium s, stroma cells; le, Luminal epithelial cell; ge, glandular epithelial cell. Magnification × 100. [Reproduced with permission from Hong EJ, Choi KC, Jeung EB 2004 Induction of Calbindin-D9k mRNA and protein by maternal exposure to alkylphenols during late pregnancy in maternal and postnatal uteri of rats. Biol Reprod 71: 669–675] |
PMC1315327_F6_4185.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Localization of CaBP-9k protein by immunohistochemicalstaining in maternal uterus. Immuno-reactivity of CaBP-9k protein expression following treatment with OP and NP was investigated in endometrium and smooth myometrial fibers dose-dependently. Especially, these proteins that are widely spaced through the stromal cells in endometrium s, stroma cells; le, Luminal epithelial cell; ge, glandular epithelial cell. Magnification × 100. [Reproduced with permission from Hong EJ, Choi KC, Jeung EB 2004 Induction of Calbindin-D9k mRNA and protein by maternal exposure to alkylphenols during late pregnancy in maternal and postnatal uteri of rats. Biol Reprod 71: 669–675] |
PMC1315327_F6_4182.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Localization of CaBP-9k protein by immunohistochemicalstaining in maternal uterus. Immuno-reactivity of CaBP-9k protein expression following treatment with OP and NP was investigated in endometrium and smooth myometrial fibers dose-dependently. Especially, these proteins that are widely spaced through the stromal cells in endometrium s, stroma cells; le, Luminal epithelial cell; ge, glandular epithelial cell. Magnification × 100. [Reproduced with permission from Hong EJ, Choi KC, Jeung EB 2004 Induction of Calbindin-D9k mRNA and protein by maternal exposure to alkylphenols during late pregnancy in maternal and postnatal uteri of rats. Biol Reprod 71: 669–675] |
PMC1315327_F6_4183.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Localization of CaBP-9k protein by immunohistochemicalstaining in maternal uterus. Immuno-reactivity of CaBP-9k protein expression following treatment with OP and NP was investigated in endometrium and smooth myometrial fibers dose-dependently. Especially, these proteins that are widely spaced through the stromal cells in endometrium s, stroma cells; le, Luminal epithelial cell; ge, glandular epithelial cell. Magnification × 100. [Reproduced with permission from Hong EJ, Choi KC, Jeung EB 2004 Induction of Calbindin-D9k mRNA and protein by maternal exposure to alkylphenols during late pregnancy in maternal and postnatal uteri of rats. Biol Reprod 71: 669–675] |
PMC1315347_F1_4192.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Transesophageal echocardiographic cross-sectional (Panl A) and longitudinal (Panel B) images of the descending thoracic aorta showing the highly mobile, floating thrombus. The original lumen of the aorta (21 mm) is reduced by the thrombus to a circumferential patent lumen of 4–6 mm. |
PMC1318463_F2_4194.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Representative cases of mAR positive (A) and negative (B) tumor specimens. A representative case of mAR positive (A) and a negative case (B) are shown. Left panels present H&E staining, middle panels present BSA-FITC staining, while right panels present staining with testosterone-BSA-FITC. Note the membrane localization of fluorescence in positive cells. Lower panel presents a higher magnification of the square region shown. In all cases preincubation with 3% BSA and 10-4M cyproterone acetate was performed, prior to mAR detection. Compare Figure 2 with Figure 1 (no preincubation). |
PMC1318463_F2_4195.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Representative cases of mAR positive (A) and negative (B) tumor specimens. A representative case of mAR positive (A) and a negative case (B) are shown. Left panels present H&E staining, middle panels present BSA-FITC staining, while right panels present staining with testosterone-BSA-FITC. Note the membrane localization of fluorescence in positive cells. Lower panel presents a higher magnification of the square region shown. In all cases preincubation with 3% BSA and 10-4M cyproterone acetate was performed, prior to mAR detection. Compare Figure 2 with Figure 1 (no preincubation). |
PMC1318463_F2_4198.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Representative cases of mAR positive (A) and negative (B) tumor specimens. A representative case of mAR positive (A) and a negative case (B) are shown. Left panels present H&E staining, middle panels present BSA-FITC staining, while right panels present staining with testosterone-BSA-FITC. Note the membrane localization of fluorescence in positive cells. Lower panel presents a higher magnification of the square region shown. In all cases preincubation with 3% BSA and 10-4M cyproterone acetate was performed, prior to mAR detection. Compare Figure 2 with Figure 1 (no preincubation). |
PMC1318463_F2_4196.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Representative cases of mAR positive (A) and negative (B) tumor specimens. A representative case of mAR positive (A) and a negative case (B) are shown. Left panels present H&E staining, middle panels present BSA-FITC staining, while right panels present staining with testosterone-BSA-FITC. Note the membrane localization of fluorescence in positive cells. Lower panel presents a higher magnification of the square region shown. In all cases preincubation with 3% BSA and 10-4M cyproterone acetate was performed, prior to mAR detection. Compare Figure 2 with Figure 1 (no preincubation). |
PMC1318463_F2_4200.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Representative cases of mAR positive (A) and negative (B) tumor specimens. A representative case of mAR positive (A) and a negative case (B) are shown. Left panels present H&E staining, middle panels present BSA-FITC staining, while right panels present staining with testosterone-BSA-FITC. Note the membrane localization of fluorescence in positive cells. Lower panel presents a higher magnification of the square region shown. In all cases preincubation with 3% BSA and 10-4M cyproterone acetate was performed, prior to mAR detection. Compare Figure 2 with Figure 1 (no preincubation). |
PMC1318474_pbio-0040009-g008_4206.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Cell Surface Shed and Secreted, Soluble HLA-G Is Endocytosed into KIR2DL4-Containing Vesicles(A) Endocytosis of soluble HLA-G in resting NK cells. The 221 cells and 221 cells transfected with HLA-Cw3 (221-Cw3) were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with mAb F4/326. Resting NK cells were incubated at 37 °C for 120 min with soluble, refolded HLA-C or HLA-G. Cells were then fixed, permeabilized, and stained with reagents to detect HLA-C (F4/326) or HLA-G (G233) as indicated.(B) The NK cell line YTS-2DL4-gfp was loaded at 37 °C for 120 min with refolded HLA-G. Cells were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with mAb G233 to detect co-localization of soluble HLA-G with gfp-tagged KIR2DL4.(C) Recombinant soluble molecules of HLA-G but not HLA-C are endocytosed into 293T-2DL4-gfp cells. Refolded HLA-G and HLA-C were incubated with 293T-2DL4-gfp cells for 2 h. Cells were then fixed, permeabilized, and stained with either mAb G233 (to detect endocytosed HLA-G; upper) or mAb F4/326 (to detect endocytosed HLA-C; middle).(D) The 293T-2DL4-gfp cells were co-cultured with an equal number of 221 cells, 221 cells expressing transmembrane HLA-G (221-G), and 221 cells expressing a soluble isoform of HLA-G (221-sG) for 48 h. Adherent 293T-2DL4-gfp cells were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with mAb G233 followed by Alexa-568–conjugated secondary antibodies prior to acquisition of confocal images. Two 221-G cells are visible in the middle panel. |
PMC1318474_pbio-0040009-g008_4203.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Cell Surface Shed and Secreted, Soluble HLA-G Is Endocytosed into KIR2DL4-Containing Vesicles(A) Endocytosis of soluble HLA-G in resting NK cells. The 221 cells and 221 cells transfected with HLA-Cw3 (221-Cw3) were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with mAb F4/326. Resting NK cells were incubated at 37 °C for 120 min with soluble, refolded HLA-C or HLA-G. Cells were then fixed, permeabilized, and stained with reagents to detect HLA-C (F4/326) or HLA-G (G233) as indicated.(B) The NK cell line YTS-2DL4-gfp was loaded at 37 °C for 120 min with refolded HLA-G. Cells were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with mAb G233 to detect co-localization of soluble HLA-G with gfp-tagged KIR2DL4.(C) Recombinant soluble molecules of HLA-G but not HLA-C are endocytosed into 293T-2DL4-gfp cells. Refolded HLA-G and HLA-C were incubated with 293T-2DL4-gfp cells for 2 h. Cells were then fixed, permeabilized, and stained with either mAb G233 (to detect endocytosed HLA-G; upper) or mAb F4/326 (to detect endocytosed HLA-C; middle).(D) The 293T-2DL4-gfp cells were co-cultured with an equal number of 221 cells, 221 cells expressing transmembrane HLA-G (221-G), and 221 cells expressing a soluble isoform of HLA-G (221-sG) for 48 h. Adherent 293T-2DL4-gfp cells were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with mAb G233 followed by Alexa-568–conjugated secondary antibodies prior to acquisition of confocal images. Two 221-G cells are visible in the middle panel. |
PMC1318474_pbio-0040009-g008_4208.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Cell Surface Shed and Secreted, Soluble HLA-G Is Endocytosed into KIR2DL4-Containing Vesicles(A) Endocytosis of soluble HLA-G in resting NK cells. The 221 cells and 221 cells transfected with HLA-Cw3 (221-Cw3) were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with mAb F4/326. Resting NK cells were incubated at 37 °C for 120 min with soluble, refolded HLA-C or HLA-G. Cells were then fixed, permeabilized, and stained with reagents to detect HLA-C (F4/326) or HLA-G (G233) as indicated.(B) The NK cell line YTS-2DL4-gfp was loaded at 37 °C for 120 min with refolded HLA-G. Cells were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with mAb G233 to detect co-localization of soluble HLA-G with gfp-tagged KIR2DL4.(C) Recombinant soluble molecules of HLA-G but not HLA-C are endocytosed into 293T-2DL4-gfp cells. Refolded HLA-G and HLA-C were incubated with 293T-2DL4-gfp cells for 2 h. Cells were then fixed, permeabilized, and stained with either mAb G233 (to detect endocytosed HLA-G; upper) or mAb F4/326 (to detect endocytosed HLA-C; middle).(D) The 293T-2DL4-gfp cells were co-cultured with an equal number of 221 cells, 221 cells expressing transmembrane HLA-G (221-G), and 221 cells expressing a soluble isoform of HLA-G (221-sG) for 48 h. Adherent 293T-2DL4-gfp cells were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with mAb G233 followed by Alexa-568–conjugated secondary antibodies prior to acquisition of confocal images. Two 221-G cells are visible in the middle panel. |
PMC1318477_pbio-0040029-g002_4214.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Dendritic Arbors of Pyramidal Neurons Are Stable(A) MZPs near the cell body of the pyramidal cell “dow” acquired over 9 wk.(B) Two-dimensional projections of three-dimensional skeletal reconstructions of “dow.”(C) High-magnification view of branch tip (green arrow) in region outlined by green box in (B).Scale bars: (A and B), 50 μm; (C), 10 μm. |
PMC1318477_pbio-0040029-g002_4210.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Dendritic Arbors of Pyramidal Neurons Are Stable(A) MZPs near the cell body of the pyramidal cell “dow” acquired over 9 wk.(B) Two-dimensional projections of three-dimensional skeletal reconstructions of “dow.”(C) High-magnification view of branch tip (green arrow) in region outlined by green box in (B).Scale bars: (A and B), 50 μm; (C), 10 μm. |
PMC1318477_pbio-0040029-g002_4209.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Dendritic Arbors of Pyramidal Neurons Are Stable(A) MZPs near the cell body of the pyramidal cell “dow” acquired over 9 wk.(B) Two-dimensional projections of three-dimensional skeletal reconstructions of “dow.”(C) High-magnification view of branch tip (green arrow) in region outlined by green box in (B).Scale bars: (A and B), 50 μm; (C), 10 μm. |
PMC1318477_pbio-0040029-g002_4213.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Dendritic Arbors of Pyramidal Neurons Are Stable(A) MZPs near the cell body of the pyramidal cell “dow” acquired over 9 wk.(B) Two-dimensional projections of three-dimensional skeletal reconstructions of “dow.”(C) High-magnification view of branch tip (green arrow) in region outlined by green box in (B).Scale bars: (A and B), 50 μm; (C), 10 μm. |
PMC1322222_F1_4215.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Upper GI series of the patient with entero-pouch fistula. |
PMC1322222_F2_4216.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Pouchogram of the patient with entero-pouch fistula. |
PMC1322230_F2_4221.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) maps the TgAS centromeric and telomeric deletion extent. In each case, BAC RP22-434N7 from the chromosome 7 Tyrosinase (Tyr) locus (74.6 Mb; 44.0 cM) was hybridized as a control and is shown as a red signal. All chromosome 7B/C BACs used as probes are shown as green signals while chromosomes are stained with DAPI (blue). (A) BAC RP24-354P8 spanning the region including Siglec-H and Tubgcp5 shows a single-chromosome 7 signal indicating the deletion of this locus in TgAS splenocytes. (B) RP23-256L9 spans the p locus (exons 10–24) and is also deleted in TgAS mice. (C) RP24-426A19 spans the region 3' of Luzp2 and detects a weak signal on one chromosome 7 homologue, suggesting partial deletion and detection of the centromeric breakpoint in the mutant mice. The two insets show the images for individual probes. (D) RP23-199N11 covers part of the region between Frat3 and Chrna7 and is deleted in TgAS mice. (E) RP23-506 for the Klf13 locus is intact in the deletion mice. (F) RP23-16A4 spans all 10 exons of Chrna7 and shows an apparently intact signal in TgAS mice. |
PMC1322230_F2_4223.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) maps the TgAS centromeric and telomeric deletion extent. In each case, BAC RP22-434N7 from the chromosome 7 Tyrosinase (Tyr) locus (74.6 Mb; 44.0 cM) was hybridized as a control and is shown as a red signal. All chromosome 7B/C BACs used as probes are shown as green signals while chromosomes are stained with DAPI (blue). (A) BAC RP24-354P8 spanning the region including Siglec-H and Tubgcp5 shows a single-chromosome 7 signal indicating the deletion of this locus in TgAS splenocytes. (B) RP23-256L9 spans the p locus (exons 10–24) and is also deleted in TgAS mice. (C) RP24-426A19 spans the region 3' of Luzp2 and detects a weak signal on one chromosome 7 homologue, suggesting partial deletion and detection of the centromeric breakpoint in the mutant mice. The two insets show the images for individual probes. (D) RP23-199N11 covers part of the region between Frat3 and Chrna7 and is deleted in TgAS mice. (E) RP23-506 for the Klf13 locus is intact in the deletion mice. (F) RP23-16A4 spans all 10 exons of Chrna7 and shows an apparently intact signal in TgAS mice. |
PMC1322230_F2_4220.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) maps the TgAS centromeric and telomeric deletion extent. In each case, BAC RP22-434N7 from the chromosome 7 Tyrosinase (Tyr) locus (74.6 Mb; 44.0 cM) was hybridized as a control and is shown as a red signal. All chromosome 7B/C BACs used as probes are shown as green signals while chromosomes are stained with DAPI (blue). (A) BAC RP24-354P8 spanning the region including Siglec-H and Tubgcp5 shows a single-chromosome 7 signal indicating the deletion of this locus in TgAS splenocytes. (B) RP23-256L9 spans the p locus (exons 10–24) and is also deleted in TgAS mice. (C) RP24-426A19 spans the region 3' of Luzp2 and detects a weak signal on one chromosome 7 homologue, suggesting partial deletion and detection of the centromeric breakpoint in the mutant mice. The two insets show the images for individual probes. (D) RP23-199N11 covers part of the region between Frat3 and Chrna7 and is deleted in TgAS mice. (E) RP23-506 for the Klf13 locus is intact in the deletion mice. (F) RP23-16A4 spans all 10 exons of Chrna7 and shows an apparently intact signal in TgAS mice. |
PMC1324794_pbio-0040022-g002_4247.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Photothrombotic Clotting of Individual Targeted Surface Cortical Blood Vessels in Anesthetized Rat(A) Maximal projection of TPLSM image stack showing several surface arterioles (red A) and venules (blue V). The green circle indicates the region of the targeted arteriole that will be irradiated with green laser light. The white box indicates the region and orientation of the images in (C).(B) Schematic illustration of the targeted photothrombotic occlusion of a vessel and experiment timeline. After baseline imaging and blood flow measurements, rose bengal is intravenously injected into the animal. Green laser light is focused onto the wall of the target vessel, which excites the rose bengal and ultimately triggers the natural clotting cascade. Surface vessels adjacent to the target vessel are not occluded because they are not exposed to the 532-nm irradiation.(C) Planar TPLSM images of photothrombotic clotting of a surface arteriole. The frame on the left is taken at baseline. The green circle indicates the region of the targeted arteriole that will be irradiated, whereas the white arrows indicate the blood flow direction, as determined from line-scan measurements in the targeted vessel and in the vessels downstream from the target. The numbers over the downstream vessels correspond to the numbered line-scan data shown in (D). The streaked appearance of the vessels is due to the motion of RBCs during the acquisition of the image. The center frame is taken after an intravenous injection of rose bengal and 2-min irradiation with 0.5 mW of 532-nm laser light. The vessel is partially occluded (indicated by green double arrow). The right frame is taken after one more minute of irradiation. The target vessel is completely clotted (indicated by red X) whereas surrounding vessels are unaffected. Stalled blood flow is indicated by the dark mass of clotted cells in the target region and the brightly fluorescent region of blood plasma upstream from the target region. Note that blood flow is maintained in the branches downstream from the target vessel by a reversal in the direction of blood flow in the center branch, as determined from the line-scan data in (D).(D) Baseline and post-clot line-scan data for the numbered vessels downstream from the target vessel shown in (C). The average RBC speed determined from the line-scan data is indicated for each case, with a positive speed taken to be along the baseline direction of flow. |
PMC1324794_pbio-0040022-g002_4243.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Photothrombotic Clotting of Individual Targeted Surface Cortical Blood Vessels in Anesthetized Rat(A) Maximal projection of TPLSM image stack showing several surface arterioles (red A) and venules (blue V). The green circle indicates the region of the targeted arteriole that will be irradiated with green laser light. The white box indicates the region and orientation of the images in (C).(B) Schematic illustration of the targeted photothrombotic occlusion of a vessel and experiment timeline. After baseline imaging and blood flow measurements, rose bengal is intravenously injected into the animal. Green laser light is focused onto the wall of the target vessel, which excites the rose bengal and ultimately triggers the natural clotting cascade. Surface vessels adjacent to the target vessel are not occluded because they are not exposed to the 532-nm irradiation.(C) Planar TPLSM images of photothrombotic clotting of a surface arteriole. The frame on the left is taken at baseline. The green circle indicates the region of the targeted arteriole that will be irradiated, whereas the white arrows indicate the blood flow direction, as determined from line-scan measurements in the targeted vessel and in the vessels downstream from the target. The numbers over the downstream vessels correspond to the numbered line-scan data shown in (D). The streaked appearance of the vessels is due to the motion of RBCs during the acquisition of the image. The center frame is taken after an intravenous injection of rose bengal and 2-min irradiation with 0.5 mW of 532-nm laser light. The vessel is partially occluded (indicated by green double arrow). The right frame is taken after one more minute of irradiation. The target vessel is completely clotted (indicated by red X) whereas surrounding vessels are unaffected. Stalled blood flow is indicated by the dark mass of clotted cells in the target region and the brightly fluorescent region of blood plasma upstream from the target region. Note that blood flow is maintained in the branches downstream from the target vessel by a reversal in the direction of blood flow in the center branch, as determined from the line-scan data in (D).(D) Baseline and post-clot line-scan data for the numbered vessels downstream from the target vessel shown in (C). The average RBC speed determined from the line-scan data is indicated for each case, with a positive speed taken to be along the baseline direction of flow. |
PMC1324794_pbio-0040022-g002_4246.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Photothrombotic Clotting of Individual Targeted Surface Cortical Blood Vessels in Anesthetized Rat(A) Maximal projection of TPLSM image stack showing several surface arterioles (red A) and venules (blue V). The green circle indicates the region of the targeted arteriole that will be irradiated with green laser light. The white box indicates the region and orientation of the images in (C).(B) Schematic illustration of the targeted photothrombotic occlusion of a vessel and experiment timeline. After baseline imaging and blood flow measurements, rose bengal is intravenously injected into the animal. Green laser light is focused onto the wall of the target vessel, which excites the rose bengal and ultimately triggers the natural clotting cascade. Surface vessels adjacent to the target vessel are not occluded because they are not exposed to the 532-nm irradiation.(C) Planar TPLSM images of photothrombotic clotting of a surface arteriole. The frame on the left is taken at baseline. The green circle indicates the region of the targeted arteriole that will be irradiated, whereas the white arrows indicate the blood flow direction, as determined from line-scan measurements in the targeted vessel and in the vessels downstream from the target. The numbers over the downstream vessels correspond to the numbered line-scan data shown in (D). The streaked appearance of the vessels is due to the motion of RBCs during the acquisition of the image. The center frame is taken after an intravenous injection of rose bengal and 2-min irradiation with 0.5 mW of 532-nm laser light. The vessel is partially occluded (indicated by green double arrow). The right frame is taken after one more minute of irradiation. The target vessel is completely clotted (indicated by red X) whereas surrounding vessels are unaffected. Stalled blood flow is indicated by the dark mass of clotted cells in the target region and the brightly fluorescent region of blood plasma upstream from the target region. Note that blood flow is maintained in the branches downstream from the target vessel by a reversal in the direction of blood flow in the center branch, as determined from the line-scan data in (D).(D) Baseline and post-clot line-scan data for the numbered vessels downstream from the target vessel shown in (C). The average RBC speed determined from the line-scan data is indicated for each case, with a positive speed taken to be along the baseline direction of flow. |
PMC1324794_pbio-0040022-g002_4249.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Photothrombotic Clotting of Individual Targeted Surface Cortical Blood Vessels in Anesthetized Rat(A) Maximal projection of TPLSM image stack showing several surface arterioles (red A) and venules (blue V). The green circle indicates the region of the targeted arteriole that will be irradiated with green laser light. The white box indicates the region and orientation of the images in (C).(B) Schematic illustration of the targeted photothrombotic occlusion of a vessel and experiment timeline. After baseline imaging and blood flow measurements, rose bengal is intravenously injected into the animal. Green laser light is focused onto the wall of the target vessel, which excites the rose bengal and ultimately triggers the natural clotting cascade. Surface vessels adjacent to the target vessel are not occluded because they are not exposed to the 532-nm irradiation.(C) Planar TPLSM images of photothrombotic clotting of a surface arteriole. The frame on the left is taken at baseline. The green circle indicates the region of the targeted arteriole that will be irradiated, whereas the white arrows indicate the blood flow direction, as determined from line-scan measurements in the targeted vessel and in the vessels downstream from the target. The numbers over the downstream vessels correspond to the numbered line-scan data shown in (D). The streaked appearance of the vessels is due to the motion of RBCs during the acquisition of the image. The center frame is taken after an intravenous injection of rose bengal and 2-min irradiation with 0.5 mW of 532-nm laser light. The vessel is partially occluded (indicated by green double arrow). The right frame is taken after one more minute of irradiation. The target vessel is completely clotted (indicated by red X) whereas surrounding vessels are unaffected. Stalled blood flow is indicated by the dark mass of clotted cells in the target region and the brightly fluorescent region of blood plasma upstream from the target region. Note that blood flow is maintained in the branches downstream from the target vessel by a reversal in the direction of blood flow in the center branch, as determined from the line-scan data in (D).(D) Baseline and post-clot line-scan data for the numbered vessels downstream from the target vessel shown in (C). The average RBC speed determined from the line-scan data is indicated for each case, with a positive speed taken to be along the baseline direction of flow. |
PMC1324794_pbio-0040022-g002_4242.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Photothrombotic Clotting of Individual Targeted Surface Cortical Blood Vessels in Anesthetized Rat(A) Maximal projection of TPLSM image stack showing several surface arterioles (red A) and venules (blue V). The green circle indicates the region of the targeted arteriole that will be irradiated with green laser light. The white box indicates the region and orientation of the images in (C).(B) Schematic illustration of the targeted photothrombotic occlusion of a vessel and experiment timeline. After baseline imaging and blood flow measurements, rose bengal is intravenously injected into the animal. Green laser light is focused onto the wall of the target vessel, which excites the rose bengal and ultimately triggers the natural clotting cascade. Surface vessels adjacent to the target vessel are not occluded because they are not exposed to the 532-nm irradiation.(C) Planar TPLSM images of photothrombotic clotting of a surface arteriole. The frame on the left is taken at baseline. The green circle indicates the region of the targeted arteriole that will be irradiated, whereas the white arrows indicate the blood flow direction, as determined from line-scan measurements in the targeted vessel and in the vessels downstream from the target. The numbers over the downstream vessels correspond to the numbered line-scan data shown in (D). The streaked appearance of the vessels is due to the motion of RBCs during the acquisition of the image. The center frame is taken after an intravenous injection of rose bengal and 2-min irradiation with 0.5 mW of 532-nm laser light. The vessel is partially occluded (indicated by green double arrow). The right frame is taken after one more minute of irradiation. The target vessel is completely clotted (indicated by red X) whereas surrounding vessels are unaffected. Stalled blood flow is indicated by the dark mass of clotted cells in the target region and the brightly fluorescent region of blood plasma upstream from the target region. Note that blood flow is maintained in the branches downstream from the target vessel by a reversal in the direction of blood flow in the center branch, as determined from the line-scan data in (D).(D) Baseline and post-clot line-scan data for the numbered vessels downstream from the target vessel shown in (C). The average RBC speed determined from the line-scan data is indicated for each case, with a positive speed taken to be along the baseline direction of flow. |
PMC1324794_pbio-0040022-g002_4245.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Photothrombotic Clotting of Individual Targeted Surface Cortical Blood Vessels in Anesthetized Rat(A) Maximal projection of TPLSM image stack showing several surface arterioles (red A) and venules (blue V). The green circle indicates the region of the targeted arteriole that will be irradiated with green laser light. The white box indicates the region and orientation of the images in (C).(B) Schematic illustration of the targeted photothrombotic occlusion of a vessel and experiment timeline. After baseline imaging and blood flow measurements, rose bengal is intravenously injected into the animal. Green laser light is focused onto the wall of the target vessel, which excites the rose bengal and ultimately triggers the natural clotting cascade. Surface vessels adjacent to the target vessel are not occluded because they are not exposed to the 532-nm irradiation.(C) Planar TPLSM images of photothrombotic clotting of a surface arteriole. The frame on the left is taken at baseline. The green circle indicates the region of the targeted arteriole that will be irradiated, whereas the white arrows indicate the blood flow direction, as determined from line-scan measurements in the targeted vessel and in the vessels downstream from the target. The numbers over the downstream vessels correspond to the numbered line-scan data shown in (D). The streaked appearance of the vessels is due to the motion of RBCs during the acquisition of the image. The center frame is taken after an intravenous injection of rose bengal and 2-min irradiation with 0.5 mW of 532-nm laser light. The vessel is partially occluded (indicated by green double arrow). The right frame is taken after one more minute of irradiation. The target vessel is completely clotted (indicated by red X) whereas surrounding vessels are unaffected. Stalled blood flow is indicated by the dark mass of clotted cells in the target region and the brightly fluorescent region of blood plasma upstream from the target region. Note that blood flow is maintained in the branches downstream from the target vessel by a reversal in the direction of blood flow in the center branch, as determined from the line-scan data in (D).(D) Baseline and post-clot line-scan data for the numbered vessels downstream from the target vessel shown in (C). The average RBC speed determined from the line-scan data is indicated for each case, with a positive speed taken to be along the baseline direction of flow. |
PMC1324794_pbio-0040022-g005_4226.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Examples of Flow Changes that Result from Localized Occlusion of a Cortical Surface Arteriole(A–C) On the left and right are TPLSM images taken at baseline and after photothrombotic clotting of an individual vessel, respectively. Left center and right center are diagrams of the surface vasculature with RBC speeds (in mm/s) and directions indicated. The red X indicates the location of the clot, and vessels whose flow direction has reversed are indicated with red arrows and labels. In the examples of panels (A) and (B) we show maximal projections of image stacks whereas the example in panel (C) shows single TPLSM planar images; the streaks evident in the vessels in these latter frames are due to RBC motion, and the dashed box in the diagrams represents the area shown in the images. |
PMC1324794_pbio-0040022-g005_4225.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Examples of Flow Changes that Result from Localized Occlusion of a Cortical Surface Arteriole(A–C) On the left and right are TPLSM images taken at baseline and after photothrombotic clotting of an individual vessel, respectively. Left center and right center are diagrams of the surface vasculature with RBC speeds (in mm/s) and directions indicated. The red X indicates the location of the clot, and vessels whose flow direction has reversed are indicated with red arrows and labels. In the examples of panels (A) and (B) we show maximal projections of image stacks whereas the example in panel (C) shows single TPLSM planar images; the streaks evident in the vessels in these latter frames are due to RBC motion, and the dashed box in the diagrams represents the area shown in the images. |
PMC1324794_pbio-0040022-g005_4224.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Examples of Flow Changes that Result from Localized Occlusion of a Cortical Surface Arteriole(A–C) On the left and right are TPLSM images taken at baseline and after photothrombotic clotting of an individual vessel, respectively. Left center and right center are diagrams of the surface vasculature with RBC speeds (in mm/s) and directions indicated. The red X indicates the location of the clot, and vessels whose flow direction has reversed are indicated with red arrows and labels. In the examples of panels (A) and (B) we show maximal projections of image stacks whereas the example in panel (C) shows single TPLSM planar images; the streaks evident in the vessels in these latter frames are due to RBC motion, and the dashed box in the diagrams represents the area shown in the images. |
PMC1324794_pbio-0040022-g005_4227.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Examples of Flow Changes that Result from Localized Occlusion of a Cortical Surface Arteriole(A–C) On the left and right are TPLSM images taken at baseline and after photothrombotic clotting of an individual vessel, respectively. Left center and right center are diagrams of the surface vasculature with RBC speeds (in mm/s) and directions indicated. The red X indicates the location of the clot, and vessels whose flow direction has reversed are indicated with red arrows and labels. In the examples of panels (A) and (B) we show maximal projections of image stacks whereas the example in panel (C) shows single TPLSM planar images; the streaks evident in the vessels in these latter frames are due to RBC motion, and the dashed box in the diagrams represents the area shown in the images. |
PMC1324794_pbio-0040022-g005_4229.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Examples of Flow Changes that Result from Localized Occlusion of a Cortical Surface Arteriole(A–C) On the left and right are TPLSM images taken at baseline and after photothrombotic clotting of an individual vessel, respectively. Left center and right center are diagrams of the surface vasculature with RBC speeds (in mm/s) and directions indicated. The red X indicates the location of the clot, and vessels whose flow direction has reversed are indicated with red arrows and labels. In the examples of panels (A) and (B) we show maximal projections of image stacks whereas the example in panel (C) shows single TPLSM planar images; the streaks evident in the vessels in these latter frames are due to RBC motion, and the dashed box in the diagrams represents the area shown in the images. |
PMC1324951_pmed-0030027-g002_4234.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Examples of SARS-CoV IHC/ISH ResultsNo staining for N protein is present in the bronchus of HK case 1 (A), but there is focal positive staining of bronchiolar epithelium in this case (B). Positive staining is seen in epithelial cells and detached cells in the alveoli in TO case 1 (C), which on higher magnification morphologically resemble type 1 pneumocytes (D). In TO case 2, there is a thrombus present which contains mononuclear and spindle-shaped cells (E). Carbon-containing macrophages are also positive (F). Ten days after symptom onset, positive staining was reduced and is noted mainly in the exudates (G) with only very focal positive mononuclear cells seen (H). AEC stain with hematoxylin counterstain; magnification 100×. |
PMC1324951_pmed-0030027-g002_4233.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Examples of SARS-CoV IHC/ISH ResultsNo staining for N protein is present in the bronchus of HK case 1 (A), but there is focal positive staining of bronchiolar epithelium in this case (B). Positive staining is seen in epithelial cells and detached cells in the alveoli in TO case 1 (C), which on higher magnification morphologically resemble type 1 pneumocytes (D). In TO case 2, there is a thrombus present which contains mononuclear and spindle-shaped cells (E). Carbon-containing macrophages are also positive (F). Ten days after symptom onset, positive staining was reduced and is noted mainly in the exudates (G) with only very focal positive mononuclear cells seen (H). AEC stain with hematoxylin counterstain; magnification 100×. |
PMC1324951_pmed-0030027-g002_4239.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Examples of SARS-CoV IHC/ISH ResultsNo staining for N protein is present in the bronchus of HK case 1 (A), but there is focal positive staining of bronchiolar epithelium in this case (B). Positive staining is seen in epithelial cells and detached cells in the alveoli in TO case 1 (C), which on higher magnification morphologically resemble type 1 pneumocytes (D). In TO case 2, there is a thrombus present which contains mononuclear and spindle-shaped cells (E). Carbon-containing macrophages are also positive (F). Ten days after symptom onset, positive staining was reduced and is noted mainly in the exudates (G) with only very focal positive mononuclear cells seen (H). AEC stain with hematoxylin counterstain; magnification 100×. |
PMC1324951_pmed-0030027-g002_4237.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Examples of SARS-CoV IHC/ISH ResultsNo staining for N protein is present in the bronchus of HK case 1 (A), but there is focal positive staining of bronchiolar epithelium in this case (B). Positive staining is seen in epithelial cells and detached cells in the alveoli in TO case 1 (C), which on higher magnification morphologically resemble type 1 pneumocytes (D). In TO case 2, there is a thrombus present which contains mononuclear and spindle-shaped cells (E). Carbon-containing macrophages are also positive (F). Ten days after symptom onset, positive staining was reduced and is noted mainly in the exudates (G) with only very focal positive mononuclear cells seen (H). AEC stain with hematoxylin counterstain; magnification 100×. |
PMC1324951_pmed-0030027-g002_4240.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Examples of SARS-CoV IHC/ISH ResultsNo staining for N protein is present in the bronchus of HK case 1 (A), but there is focal positive staining of bronchiolar epithelium in this case (B). Positive staining is seen in epithelial cells and detached cells in the alveoli in TO case 1 (C), which on higher magnification morphologically resemble type 1 pneumocytes (D). In TO case 2, there is a thrombus present which contains mononuclear and spindle-shaped cells (E). Carbon-containing macrophages are also positive (F). Ten days after symptom onset, positive staining was reduced and is noted mainly in the exudates (G) with only very focal positive mononuclear cells seen (H). AEC stain with hematoxylin counterstain; magnification 100×. |
PMC1324951_pmed-0030027-g002_4238.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Examples of SARS-CoV IHC/ISH ResultsNo staining for N protein is present in the bronchus of HK case 1 (A), but there is focal positive staining of bronchiolar epithelium in this case (B). Positive staining is seen in epithelial cells and detached cells in the alveoli in TO case 1 (C), which on higher magnification morphologically resemble type 1 pneumocytes (D). In TO case 2, there is a thrombus present which contains mononuclear and spindle-shaped cells (E). Carbon-containing macrophages are also positive (F). Ten days after symptom onset, positive staining was reduced and is noted mainly in the exudates (G) with only very focal positive mononuclear cells seen (H). AEC stain with hematoxylin counterstain; magnification 100×. |
PMC1325028_F4_4252.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Developmental phenotypes of (A) wild-type or (B, C) rasGEFM null cells. (A, B) AX2 or HSB61 cells were plated at the beginning of starvation at a concentration of 1 × 107cell/ml on non-nutrient agar (approx. 6.5 × 105 cell/cm2). (C) HSB61 cells were pulsed with cAMP for 10 hours before plated on agar. The final phenotype after 24 hours is shown. |
PMC1325028_F4_4251.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Developmental phenotypes of (A) wild-type or (B, C) rasGEFM null cells. (A, B) AX2 or HSB61 cells were plated at the beginning of starvation at a concentration of 1 × 107cell/ml on non-nutrient agar (approx. 6.5 × 105 cell/cm2). (C) HSB61 cells were pulsed with cAMP for 10 hours before plated on agar. The final phenotype after 24 hours is shown. |
PMC1325028_F13_4260.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Chemotaxis of wild-type and HSB61 cells. Cells were developed in shaken suspension, either in the presence or absence of exogenous cAMP pulses, plated on coverslips and tested for chemotaxis towards a microcapillary diffusing cAMP. Upper and middle panels show AX2 or HSB61 cells starved for 5 hours, bottom panel shows HSB61 cells treated with cAMP pulses for 10 hours (see additional files 1, 2, 3). Higher magnifications of each cell sample are shown on the right. Numbers: time in minutes, starting after positioning of the microcapillary (0' time). |
PMC1325028_F13_4256.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Chemotaxis of wild-type and HSB61 cells. Cells were developed in shaken suspension, either in the presence or absence of exogenous cAMP pulses, plated on coverslips and tested for chemotaxis towards a microcapillary diffusing cAMP. Upper and middle panels show AX2 or HSB61 cells starved for 5 hours, bottom panel shows HSB61 cells treated with cAMP pulses for 10 hours (see additional files 1, 2, 3). Higher magnifications of each cell sample are shown on the right. Numbers: time in minutes, starting after positioning of the microcapillary (0' time). |
PMC1325028_F13_4257.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Chemotaxis of wild-type and HSB61 cells. Cells were developed in shaken suspension, either in the presence or absence of exogenous cAMP pulses, plated on coverslips and tested for chemotaxis towards a microcapillary diffusing cAMP. Upper and middle panels show AX2 or HSB61 cells starved for 5 hours, bottom panel shows HSB61 cells treated with cAMP pulses for 10 hours (see additional files 1, 2, 3). Higher magnifications of each cell sample are shown on the right. Numbers: time in minutes, starting after positioning of the microcapillary (0' time). |
PMC1325028_F13_4255.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Chemotaxis of wild-type and HSB61 cells. Cells were developed in shaken suspension, either in the presence or absence of exogenous cAMP pulses, plated on coverslips and tested for chemotaxis towards a microcapillary diffusing cAMP. Upper and middle panels show AX2 or HSB61 cells starved for 5 hours, bottom panel shows HSB61 cells treated with cAMP pulses for 10 hours (see additional files 1, 2, 3). Higher magnifications of each cell sample are shown on the right. Numbers: time in minutes, starting after positioning of the microcapillary (0' time). |
PMC1325028_F13_4261.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Chemotaxis of wild-type and HSB61 cells. Cells were developed in shaken suspension, either in the presence or absence of exogenous cAMP pulses, plated on coverslips and tested for chemotaxis towards a microcapillary diffusing cAMP. Upper and middle panels show AX2 or HSB61 cells starved for 5 hours, bottom panel shows HSB61 cells treated with cAMP pulses for 10 hours (see additional files 1, 2, 3). Higher magnifications of each cell sample are shown on the right. Numbers: time in minutes, starting after positioning of the microcapillary (0' time). |
PMC1325028_F13_4258.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Chemotaxis of wild-type and HSB61 cells. Cells were developed in shaken suspension, either in the presence or absence of exogenous cAMP pulses, plated on coverslips and tested for chemotaxis towards a microcapillary diffusing cAMP. Upper and middle panels show AX2 or HSB61 cells starved for 5 hours, bottom panel shows HSB61 cells treated with cAMP pulses for 10 hours (see additional files 1, 2, 3). Higher magnifications of each cell sample are shown on the right. Numbers: time in minutes, starting after positioning of the microcapillary (0' time). |
PMC1325028_F13_4259.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Chemotaxis of wild-type and HSB61 cells. Cells were developed in shaken suspension, either in the presence or absence of exogenous cAMP pulses, plated on coverslips and tested for chemotaxis towards a microcapillary diffusing cAMP. Upper and middle panels show AX2 or HSB61 cells starved for 5 hours, bottom panel shows HSB61 cells treated with cAMP pulses for 10 hours (see additional files 1, 2, 3). Higher magnifications of each cell sample are shown on the right. Numbers: time in minutes, starting after positioning of the microcapillary (0' time). |
PMC1325042_F1_4264.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Clusters of malignant cells showing moderate pleomorphism in cervical Pap smear (Papanicolaou stain, #215; 250) |
PMC1325227_F4_4271.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Immunolocalization of MFP labels faint filaments that co-localize with cortical MTs, but does not label mitotic MT structures. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis of a fixed onion epidermal cell probed with affinity purified rabbit anti-MFP antibodies (A) and mouse anti-tubulin antibodies (B) and visualized by epifluorescence microscopy. An overlay (C) shows the co-localization of MT labeling by the two antibodies (arrowheads). (D) Fluorescence immunostaining of MT structures with a tubulin antibody in four stages of mitosis in Arabidopsis suspension cells labels the pre-prophase band, the mitotic spindle in metaphase and anaphase, and the phragmoplast in telophase. The MFP antibody labels peroxisomes but not these MT structures in dividing cells. DNA was stained with DAPI (blue). Bars, 6 μm. |
PMC1325227_F4_4268.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Immunolocalization of MFP labels faint filaments that co-localize with cortical MTs, but does not label mitotic MT structures. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis of a fixed onion epidermal cell probed with affinity purified rabbit anti-MFP antibodies (A) and mouse anti-tubulin antibodies (B) and visualized by epifluorescence microscopy. An overlay (C) shows the co-localization of MT labeling by the two antibodies (arrowheads). (D) Fluorescence immunostaining of MT structures with a tubulin antibody in four stages of mitosis in Arabidopsis suspension cells labels the pre-prophase band, the mitotic spindle in metaphase and anaphase, and the phragmoplast in telophase. The MFP antibody labels peroxisomes but not these MT structures in dividing cells. DNA was stained with DAPI (blue). Bars, 6 μm. |
PMC1325227_F4_4269.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Immunolocalization of MFP labels faint filaments that co-localize with cortical MTs, but does not label mitotic MT structures. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis of a fixed onion epidermal cell probed with affinity purified rabbit anti-MFP antibodies (A) and mouse anti-tubulin antibodies (B) and visualized by epifluorescence microscopy. An overlay (C) shows the co-localization of MT labeling by the two antibodies (arrowheads). (D) Fluorescence immunostaining of MT structures with a tubulin antibody in four stages of mitosis in Arabidopsis suspension cells labels the pre-prophase band, the mitotic spindle in metaphase and anaphase, and the phragmoplast in telophase. The MFP antibody labels peroxisomes but not these MT structures in dividing cells. DNA was stained with DAPI (blue). Bars, 6 μm. |
PMC1325227_F4_4267.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Immunolocalization of MFP labels faint filaments that co-localize with cortical MTs, but does not label mitotic MT structures. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis of a fixed onion epidermal cell probed with affinity purified rabbit anti-MFP antibodies (A) and mouse anti-tubulin antibodies (B) and visualized by epifluorescence microscopy. An overlay (C) shows the co-localization of MT labeling by the two antibodies (arrowheads). (D) Fluorescence immunostaining of MT structures with a tubulin antibody in four stages of mitosis in Arabidopsis suspension cells labels the pre-prophase band, the mitotic spindle in metaphase and anaphase, and the phragmoplast in telophase. The MFP antibody labels peroxisomes but not these MT structures in dividing cells. DNA was stained with DAPI (blue). Bars, 6 μm. |
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