image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2838.jpg | Does this image show fixed tissue easily seen metastases not the best photo technic adenoca from lung? | yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3310075_pone-0033671-g002_131066.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | MR imaging to assess the blood-brain barrier and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity.(A) MR imaging with DTPA-Gd does not reveal changes in blood-brain barrier permeability. Sham group (n = 3, CNR (contrast-to-noise ratio) = 0.32±0.17, JVL group (n = 6, CNR = 0.21±0.051, p = 0.58). EAE data provided for comparison (n = 3, 4.7±1.3, p = 0.024 vs. JVL). (B) MPO activity map from MPO-Gd MRI to detect areas of inflammation. A representative sham mouse (left) demonstrates no evidence of MPO activity. A representative JVL mouse (middle) demonstrates no evidence of MPO activity. A stage 2 EAE mouse (right) for comparison. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic59356.jpg | what organ system is shown in the image? | skull and contents |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3237564_pone-0028925-g006_119260.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Histopathological lesions associated with latent toxoplasmosis.(A–E) Perivascular and leptomeningeal infiltrations of inflammatory cells. (A, B) Detail of perivascular cuffing. (C–E) Leptomeningeal and perivascular cuffing on the surface of cerebral cortex (C), in the interhemispheric region (D) and in the cerebellum (E). (F) Extensive necrosis in the hypothalamus (observed in one mouse). (G) Vacuolisation of brain parenchyma in the thalamus. Note that vessels were dilated post mortem by pressure of the perfusion liquids. Scales, 100 µm (A), 200 µm (B, C, G, in G for D–G). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4148424_pone-0106350-g002_316355.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | fMRI results: interaction of emotional picture presentation with type of auditory stimulation.Results of the interaction analysis of condition (visual disgusting vs. neutral stimulation) and auditory stimulation (alternating/simultaneous/no tones). Upper part – increased amygdala activation under alternating tones. Lower part – decreased dorsolateral prefrontal activation under alternating tones Plots show the mean signal of all significant voxels in the respective region and standard errors. For demonstration purposes, brain activations are shown at p<0.005 uncorrected. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4293864_fig2_350453.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. |
(a) Pre- and (b) postradiation therapy MRI of synoviosarcoma of the anterior shoulder joint. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2085.jpg | What does this image show? | massively enlarged spleen with large infarcts seen from capsule |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic48284.jpg | what is one organ system seen in this image? | gastrointestinal |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4356267_f6-ol-09-04-1857_366291.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Photomicrograph revealing osteoid tissue in a background stroma of fibrovascular tissue (stain, hematoxylin and eosin; magnification, ×100). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_31300.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Repeat ERCP cholangiogram showing resolution of the stenosis of the common duct following closure of the biliary fistula and collapse of the biloma cavity. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_kidney/train_1743.jpg | What does this image show? | normal kidney |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_lungs/train_1353.jpg | Where is this? | lung |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4655052_fig2_446353.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Chronic central serous chorioretinopathy in a 68-year-old woman. Correlation between fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography (OCTA). (a) Late phase of FA showing a typical leaking point; the yellow dashed line corresponds to the OCT scan shown in (c). (b) ICGA showing an abnormal dilation of choroidal vessels. (c) OCT B-scan showing a serous retinal detachment (SRD). (d) OCT B-scan showing the segmentation at the choriocapillaris shown in (e). (e) OCTA showing a dark area that corresponds to the SRD. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3445612_pone-0044805-g008_155932.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Immunostaining for ICAM-1, Fas, CD44 and CD40 28 days post transplantation.Immunopositive cells exhibited dark-brown staining. Sections were double stained with H&E (blue). Magnification is indicated on each image. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3299663_pone-0032484-g003_129386.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Rosette-associated aberrant cells are photoreceptors.Photoreceptor cell bodies were labeled using an antibody against recoverin (red) while OSs were stained using S-opsin (green) to aid in the identification of aberrant cells. All aberrant cells stain positive for recoverin (arrows) at all time points examined. ONL: outer nuclear layer, INL: inner nuclear layer. Scale bar, 20 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_02388.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Chest radiograph with bilateral patchy shadows involving both lung fields |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic50572.jpg | what organ system is pictured here? | skull and contents |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3800794_F4_238599.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Female genitalia. A Lateral view of the dome-shaped genital area (compare also to Fig. 3A) (MACN-Ar 30667) B Sagital section through genital area obtained by micro-CT (MACN-Ar 30667) C Posterior view of genital area (MACN-Ar 30667). Spermathecae in anterior (D) and ventral view (E) (ZIMG II/28128). Abbreviation: B bursa; EF epigastric furrow; GP genital pockets; Gl glands; PF postepigastric fold; Sp spermathecae; Ue uterus externus. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_06153.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Aplasia of clavicles and funnel shaped chest |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3193824_F1_111753.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | MRI of the thoracic spine, in sagittal view, T1-weighed image with contrast medium enhancement. The tumor leads to significant myelocompression, and grows infiltratingly into the surrounding tissue. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2647910_F7_34968.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Dark-reared, APB-treated, and BtTxB-injected larvae show proper GC axon targeting to tectal laminae. Horizontal sections of 5 dpf larval tecta showing Pou4f3:mGFP+ GC axons innervating the optic tectum, imaged by confocal microscopy. (A, C, E, G) Pou4f3:mGFP+ axons innervate the SO and two sublaminae of the SFGS. Insets: densitometric traces across the tectal neuropil, from superficial to deeper layers. (B, D, F, H) Same images of Pou4f3+ axons (green), with DAPI labeling (blue) to show the cell body and neuropil regions of the tectum. Scale bar 50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2803176_F2_53988.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Pre-diagnosis CT scan. Consecutive CT scan slices demonstrate SI and mild atrophy of the pancreatic head but no mass present 8 months prior to her diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. The CT scan was obtained to evaluate abdominal pain. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2932714_pone-0012529-g004_72620.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Immunofluorescence labeling of Ure2 after extracellular addition to the cell lines.Labeling with Ure2 polyclonal antibody was carried out in the SH-SY5Y, HEK-293, HeLa and MES 23.5 cell lines 48 h after extracellular addition of different states of Ure2 protein (bar = 12 µm). The concentration of Ure2 and its fibrillar species used here was 3 µM. The images shown are cell sections obtained by confocal microscopy, as described in the Materials and Methods. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3814312_pgen-1003888-g001_240485.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Diabetes and microcephaly in a large consanguineous family.(A) Three siblings presented with young onset diabetes and microcephaly with intellectual disability (black symbols); arrow shows the proband. Hatched symbols represent relatives with adult onset diabetes and the blue hatched symbol gestational diabetes. The double line indicates consanguinity. M/M denotes two mutant alleles, N/M one normal and one mutant allele. (B) A head MRI in the proband at age 26 years showed a small brain with normal architecture and normal gyration. (C) The radiograph of the hands showed normally shaped bones and absence of epiphyseal dysplasia. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4274904_F10_346430.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Evaluation of DANI on Patient 5 with left frontal FCD. Results are presenting most salient stability changes observed in Cmapn followed by a t-map of the BOLD response to epileptic discharges and a postsurgical FLAIR MRI, all resampled in the native anatomical MRI space of the patient. Most salient stability changes observed for Cmapn of Deep Gray Matter, Sensory Motor, and Dorsal Attention networks are presented. No networks were involved in significant interactions of modularity changes at p < 0.001. Same colormap conventions than in Figure 6. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3674597_F3_209352.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Representative sagittal magnetic resonance T2-weighted images (left panels) and T2 maps (right panels) of rabbit lumbar spines. The lower four images are magnifications (4×) of those discs in the upper two T2 maps: (a) non-punctured control (L3/4), (b) phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (control) group, (c) platelet-poor plasma (PPP)-releasate group, and (d) platelet-rich plasma (PRP)-releasate group. The T2 values in the nucleus pulposus (NP) are significantly lower in all punctured discs (b-d) compared with non-punctured discs (a). However, areas with high T2 values area are identified in the center of the NPs injected with (c) PPP- and (d) PRP-releasates. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3320518_F1_132872.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Microscopic features of micropapillary component in the lung adenocarcinoma stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). A, AMPC. AMPC is the micropapillary component in which tumor cells are floating within alveolar spaces. B, SMPC. SMPC are tumor cells observed in the stroma and consisting of a papillary component with a tuft lacking central fibrovascular cores surrounded by lacunar spaces. (A, B: upper panel: magnification, ×100; lower panel: magnification, ×400) SMPC, stromal micropapillary component; AMPC, aerogenous micropapillary component. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4549378_Fig8_417473.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | CB1R–CB2R heteromers in pallidothalamic-projecting neurons of control, parkinsonian and dyskinetic monkeys. Illustrative examples of identified projection neurons (CTB-labeled; green) taken from control (a–c), MPTP-treated (d–f) and dyskinetic (g–i) monkeys. Each red dot represents one CB1R–CB2R receptor heteromer. Scale bar is 10 μm in all panels
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splits/subfolder_3/PMC2409183_fig6_23635.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | R306K-MCT1 is expressed at the plasma membrane of Xenopus oocytes but is inactive. Details are as given for Figure 4. Transport measurements are not shown because R306K-MCT1 failed to elicit any lactate transport whether or not WT- or E218R-basigin cRNA was co-injected. This Figure is reproduced in colour in Molecular Membrane Biology online. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4176721_pone-0107979-g003_322841.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Decreased demyelination in nicotine-treated mice during EAE.
(A) Frozen sections of spinal cords were isolated from vehicle (saline) and nicotine-treated mice at different time points during EAE. Eriochrome cyanine (EC) was used to visualize demyelination. Intact white matter (WM) is indicated by the blue staining and demyelination is revealed by diminished color. Areas of demyelination are indicated by asterisks; boxed regions are shown at higher magnification. (B) Demyelinated areas were measured using ImageJ and calculated based on equation listed in Methods. (n = 3–4, *p<0.05). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3629048_f2-ol-05-04-1189_199209.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Expression of CD146 in the clinical samples of normal and cancerous endometrial tissue. (A) Representative immunohistochemical staining of CD146 in vascular endothelial cells and tumor cells in the collected tissues, including: (N) Normal hyperplasia endometrium; (G1) a highly differentiated grade of endometrial cancer; (G2) a moderately differentiated grade of endometrial cancer; and (G3) a poorly differentiated grade of endometrial cancer. (B) Expression of CD146 in vascular endothelial cells was confirmed using anti-CD31 as an endothelial marker in a fluorescent immunohistochemistry assay. CD146, red; CD31, green; Merge, overlapped images of former pictures and nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars, 100 μm. CD146, cluster of differentiation 146. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3925181_pone-0089047-g005_267213.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Ultrastructural examination of proliferating cells.Transmission electron microscopy of: a) normal artery; e–k) in the embolization and b–d) control groups 1, 2 and 4 weeks after surgery. Arrow: tight junction; arrowhead: mitochondrion. Scale bars = 10 µm (a–g), 2 µm (h–k). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3365135_f1_140292.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Differential courses of Candida albicans keratitis in Balb/c and C57BL/6 mice. Mice were inoculated with 1×105
Candida albicans blastospores (CaK groups) or the same volume of saline buffer (sham infection). A: The corneas were monitored under slit lamp. The insets C and D showed details like transparency and neovascularization (arrow heads) at day 5. B: The diseases of the corneas were evaluated with the scoring system. The numbers of measured corneas in each group are given in parentheses in B. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2779103_pone-0008089-g001_51155.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Microscopic views of the liver in wild-type and IVA-PLA2-knockout mice.Wild-type and IVA-PLA2-knockout (KO) mice were fed normal (N) or high-fat (HF) diets for 8 (A) or 16 (B) weeks and fasted. Representative liver sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin are shown. IVA-PLA2 deficiency suppressed the hepatic fat deposition under the HF feeding. CV, central vein; PV, portal vein. Original magnification, ×4 and ×20. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1pr1dz3083207epgrr5.jpg | What type of polyp is present? | Paris ip |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4623495_F7_437874.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showing morphology of MC3T3-E1 cells after day 1, on (A) zirconia of 23% (Zr-A), 30% (Zr-B), and 49% (Zr-C) porosities or (B) alumina of 24% (Al-A), 34% (Al-B), and 63% (Al-C) porosities. Increasing porosity resulted in better cell spreading on zirconia but not on alumina ceramics, where cells mostly displayed a long and spindled morphology. Original magnifications are ×500 or ×300 for upper, and ×1000 to ×2000 for lower images in (A,B). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC555568_F3_1462.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | CT scan of thorax and abdomen demonstrating the abnormal anatomy |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_81399.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Desquamative interstitial pneumonia. HRCT at the level of the left lower lobe (magnified view of the left lower lobe) reveals a mixed “ground glass and cystic pattern” characterized by the presence of patchy areas of ground glass opacity and numerous small scattered “lucencies” that may represent either true cysts, bronciolectasis or emphysema |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3566589_f0010_184319.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | The effect of COMT Val158Met genotype on ECN functional connectivity. Results are shown thresholded using Z > 2.3 and a family-wise error cluster significance level of p < 0.05. The bar graph on the right of the figure shows mean PEs from within the significant cluster for Val158 vs. Met158 homozygotes. Error bars denote standard error of the mean. *** indicates p < 0.000005. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4175749_fig16_322597.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Right scapular fracture. Axial MDCT in bone window ((a), (b)). Comminuted right scapular fracture involving the scapular neck and spine is clearly observed. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4167882_Fig4_321054.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. |
Coronal CT scan showing a giant goiter extending into the mediastinum (black arrow), laminating and deflecting the trachea to the right (white arrow).
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splits/subfolder_4/PMC3608562_pone-0059782-g008_194673.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Analysis of stress and senescent-associated markers on vitiligo tissue biopsies.P53 and its senescent-associated target genes PML and GADD45a were analyzed on tissue biopsies (VHM = 4; NHM = 4) by immunohistochemistry. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic21104.jpg | what organ system is pictured here? | lung, mediastinum, pleura |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3287129_F2_127503.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Head and neck computed tomography (CT) examination of patient. This CT scan showed irregular lobulated contour, heterogenous enhancing mass involving upper and lower lip (coronal view, axial view and sagittal view). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4170513_f2-sensors-14-15304_321686.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Images (a,b) show monocots (long and slender leaf), whereas images (c,d) present dicots (broadleaf and short). Images (e,f) display a mixture of both weed species. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2553.jpg | Is hepatobiliary present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3149017_F2_104236.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Activated satellite cells respond to BMP signals. Satellite cells attached to myofibers were analyzed after 0 (A-D), 24 (E-L), 48 (M-T) and 72 hours (U-X) in culture by co-immunostaining for Pax7 (A,E,I,M), myogenin (Q,U), MyoD (J,R) sein and p-Smad 1/5/8 (B,F,N,V) as indicated. (A-D) p-Smads are absent in quiescent satellite cells. (E-L) Satellite cells co-express Pax7, MyoD and p-Smads after 24 hours. (M-T) after 48 hours Pax7 and MyoD are co-expressed with p-Smad, while Myogenin is absent. (U-X) Myogenin colocalizes with p-Smad after 72 hours. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. Magnification is 200×. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3675003_pgen-1003430-g005_209538.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Common ultrastructural and membrane defects in affected human and dog.(A–D) Electron microscopic analysis of a patient biopsy showing a centralized nucleus surrounded by organelles and mild sarcomeric disarray (arrow, A), accumulations of membranes and vacuoles containing whorled membranes (arrow, B), autophagic vacuoles containing myelin-like material (arrow, C), and widened tubules at the triads (arrow, D). The inset shows normal triads in an age-matched biopsy. (E–H) Ultrastructural analysis of a IMGD dog biopsy revealed central nuclei surrounded by mitochondrial accumulations (E), membranous whorls (arrow, F), deep membrane invaginations (arrowhead, F), lipofuscin granules (arrow, G), and abnormal triads (arrow, H). The inserted picture shows a normal triad in an age-matched canine control. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_65786.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | The angiography - perfusion of the tumour from the intercostal arteries and right inferior phrenic artery. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1633.jpg | Is autoimmune thyroiditis present? | no |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3170827_fig1_108083.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | (a) Lateral radiograph showing irregular osteolysis at the anterior part of C2. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging ((b) T1-weighted and fat suppression sagittal image with gadolinium enhancement, (c) T2-weighted sagittal image) showing a mass lesion at C2, which has marked enhancement after intravenous injection of gadolinium-DTPA. (d), (e) Axial image of computed tomography (CT) at the level of C2 showing irregular osteolysis at the anterior part of C2 and thickening of the posterior pharyngeal wall. ((d) CT for radiation therapy planning, (e) CT postradiation therapy with intravenous injection of gadolinium-DTPA). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3631129_F2_199884.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Case number 9: Sagittal (A), axial (B), and coronal (C) view of contrasted magnetic resonance imaging showing a pituitary adenoma. (D) Postoperative CT imaging of the same patient. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3396643_pone-0040814-g009_145040.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Restoration of focal adhesions after blebbistatin washout.Fluorescence microscopy of phalloidin-stained F-actin and immunostained vinculin in cells washed out of 100 µM blebbistatin for 1, 5, or 15 min. Scale bar, 20 µm. Boxed regions are zoomed in the bottom row. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_81497.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Computed tomography shows a subdural hematoma along the falx cerebri (arrow) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3936749_gkt1184-F4_269925.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Idefix silencing is reduced in the dividing germline cysts of the germarium. Immunodetection of Vasa, Aub, Ago3, Piwi, H3K9me3, HP1 and Rhino proteins (white) and GFP (green) in germaria of ovaries expressing the pGgIdas transgene under the control of the act-Gal4 driver. Germaria are oriented with anterior to the top or left. GFP signal is specifically observed in 4-, 8- and 16-cell germline cysts in which Piwi does not accumulate. Experiments were performed on pGgIdas lines as1 and as2. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz2dopc086uherwfgw6.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3590301_pone-0057991-g004_190017.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Apoptotic markers in PFII treated NHDFs.(A–C) [Ca2+]i fluorescence visualizations in cells as revealed by using an LSCM with fluorescent probe Fluo3/AM, scale bar - 100 µm. (D–F) Externalized phosphatidylserine by annexin V-fluorescein binding after PFII treatment, scale bar - 100 µm. Third (G–I) and fourth (J–L) panels show actin cytoskeletal organization and caspase-3 activation. Scale bar - 50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4350337_F7_364171.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | pPNET in a 9-year-old boyPrecontrast CT images showed bony destruction in the right distal femur with irregular iso-dense masses in the marrow cavity and cortex (A and B). Precontrast MRI showed the irregular mass was hypo-intense on T1WI (C and E) and hyper-intense on T2WI (F). Contrast MRI showed the mass had significant enhancement (D and G). (H & E) staining (H ×100) showed the tumor tissue consisted of poorly differentiated small round cells. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3427297_pone-0042957-g007_151708.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Ovine prion protein testis specific (Prt) distribution in ram testis using immunohistochemistry, and produced anti-ovine Prt polyclonal antibody (APPA).APPA labeling of ram germinal cells in seminiferous tubules (E). Positive cells were detected (arrows) in spermatogonia (C), spermatocytes (D), spermatides (A), and spermatozoa (B). Negative control using mouse control serum (pre-immune), as the primary antibody (F). Same results were obtained when incubating sections with the secondary antibody alone (data not shown). Vimentin (G) and Ki-67 antigen (H), immunodetection of Sertoli cells cytoskeletal and spermatides, respectively. Spermatogonia (Sg), spermatocytes (Sc), spermatides (Sp), spermatozoa (Spz), Sertoli cell (S). Magnifications (A, B, C and D) ×1000, (E and F) ×100. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4331831_F10_359697.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | COP. A and B: CT scan shows associated poorly defined nodular areas of consolidation and cavitation along the bronchovascular bundle. Presence of centrilobular nodules and associated bronchial dilatation. Findings are consistent with COP (Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4131879_pone-0103348-g006_313235.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Detection of GAP43 expression in the sciatic nerve of 808-nm LLLT laser-treated distal site using immunofluorescent staining.Groups: sham-operated rats without (normal) or with 8 J/cm2 LLLT (normal+8J) and rats with sciatic nerve crush injury without (crush) or with LLLT at 3 J/cm2 (crush+3J), 8 J/cm2 (crush+8J) or 15 J/cm2 (crush+15J). Sections were labeled with DAPI (blue), GAP43 (green) and neurofilament (red), which is specifically expressed in neurites. Original magnification: 100×. White boxes show the enlarged views with a magnification of 400×. Scale bar, 200 um. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3217968_pone-0027512-g008_115968.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Histopathology of influenza subtype infected lung tissues by H&E stain.The representative strain for each subtype was selected as follows: Mex/4108 for H1N1pdm, Bris/59 for seasonal H1N1, Per/16 for seasonal H3N2, and B/Wis (same influenza B lineage as B/Hubei) for seasonal influenza B. All tissue samples from infected ferrets were collected on Day 3 and Day 7 pI except for Bris/59 infection (Day 2 and Day 7 pI due to facility scheduling). Representative slides are shown with 10× magnification. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3679777_F1_210681.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Imaging study. (a) Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan showing the large cystic lesion (arrowhead) and surrounding small cystic lesions (arrow). (b) Non-enhanced computed tomography scan illustrating high-density components (arrow) in the low-density cystic fluid. (c) Abdominal ultrasonography scan showing mural nodules in the large cystic lesion (arrow). (d) T2-weighted sequences on magnetic resonance imaging illustrating large (arrowhead) and small cystic lesions (arrow). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvf90mk074y966fegn0.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | No |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4488501_ppat.1005013.g004_401755.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | EspC negatively regulates the amounts of EspA and EspD secreted upon cell contact.(A) Confocal micrographs of cells infected for 45 min with the indicated bacteria and processed for fluorescence staining. Scale bar: 10 μm. Middle panels: magnification of insets in the corresponding left panels. Green: EspA; red: EspD staining; grey: DAPI staining. (B) Quantification of the average fluorescence intensity for EspA and EspD in microcolonies. (C) Total extracts of HeLa cells containing T3S effector proteins were subjected to anti-EspD Western Blot analysis. Anti-actin and anti-OmpA Western blotting were used as controls for cellular and bacterial loads, respectively. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4256916_Fig1_341978.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. |
T2-imaging MRI of cervical (C)/thoracic (Th) spinal cord on admission (A) and after treatment (B). On admission (day 10), there was a longitudinal T2 high intensity area, extending from C2 to the conus (arrowheads), but the lesion resolved completely after treatment (day 20). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3464388_Fig3_158704.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Coronal views of a voxel-based mouse model generated using the Moby software for simulation of an 18F-FDG study showing from left to right: activity map, attenuation map, segmented image, simulated X-ray projection image, simulated CT image and corresponding simulated PET image |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/outside_leg/train_1935.jpg | Does this image show well gangrenous 1-3 toes? | yes |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3930490_pgen-1004114-g005_268391.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Examination of cardiomyocyte nuclear ultrastructure in response to loss of Nesprin 1 and/or 2.(A–D) Representative images of postnatal day 1 myocyte nuclei from (A) Wild Type (B) nesprin 1f/f;nesprin 2+/+;Nkx2.5Cre (C),nesprin 1f/f;nesprin 2−/− or (D), nesprin 1f/f;nesprin 2−/−;Nkx2.5Cre hearts. (E–H) Representative images of 10 week old myocyte nuclei from (E) Wild Type (F) nesprin 1f/f;nesprin 2+/+;Nkx2.5Cre (G) nesprin 1f/f;nesprin 2−/− or (H) nesprin 1f/f;nesprin 2−/−;Nkx2.5Cre hearts. Black Bars = 1 µm. Red Arrows highlight electron dense heterochromatin defects in 10 week old nesprin 1f/f;nesprin 2−/−;Nkx2.5Cre hearts. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4647325_Fig5_444293.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Immunohistochemical staining of regenerated PDL-like tissue in Group A. Immunohistochemical staining for collagen I (a), fibronectin (b), and osteocalcin (c) of the regenerated PDL-like tissue. The periodontium-like characteristics of the neo-tissue could be confirmed by positive immunohistochemical staining for collagen type I, fibronectin and osteocalcin. Bar scales 100 μm for a–c
|
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4678068_fig2_453349.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Right-sided nephrotomography shows complete obstruction at the encrusted nitinol mesh stent. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4657087_fig3_447135.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Examples of fMRI motor activation in areas around the central sulcus and supplementary motor area (SMA) for the condition of moving the affected hand. T1WI = T1 weighted imaging. In cases 4 and 5, a more unilateral pattern of activation is seen after intervention. In case 6, there is more activation in the affected hemisphere after intervention. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3849586_F4_248144.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Histological examination of the kidney with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining in rats that started the experiment at four weeks of age (Young; panels A to C) and 12 weeks of age (Adult, panels D to F) given the AIN-93 (CT), high-fructose (FRU) or high-fat (FAT) diet for 13 weeks. The arrow () indicates the occurrence of inflammatory infiltration in the Young – FAT and Adult – FRU groups. The asterisk (*) indicates the presence of fat cells in the kidneys of animals in the Young – FRU and Adult – FRU groups. 40× magnification. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_15110.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Computed tomography arterial and venous phases showing a pseudoaneurysm in a patient with necrotizing pancreatitis. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4183129_fig06_324636.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Chromosome behaviour after passing through oviduct into the uterus. The leading
edge of the embryo is arranged to be upper right. (A) Anaphase of maturation
division; (B) A pronucleus reconstructed after maturation division; (C) A pronucleus
moves to the centre and chromosomes are formed; (D) Metaphase of the first embryonic
cell division; (E) Anaphase of the first embryonic cell division; (F) Telophase of
the first embryonic cell division; (G, H) Four cell embryos. Newly laid eggs were
squashed and stained for the observation. (Arrows indicate polar bodies. All scale
bars = 10 μm). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4267782_pone-0114619-g002_345102.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | The association between performance on the visuo-spatial divergent thinking task (CAT) and cortical thickness observed in the whole-brain analyses.(A) Positive association with CAT fluency. (B) Positive association with CAT originality. Note, TIV, age and sex were used as nuisance variables, FDR-corrected, p<0.05 in both figures. (C) Positive association with CAT originality corrected for IQ. Note, TIV, age and sex were used as additional nuisance variables, FDR-corrected, p<0.05 in all figures. Hot colors indicate cortical thickening, cool colors thinning. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4064987_pone-0100280-g004_300113.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Illustration of the T1 DCE-MRI images of one rat each for three sets of experiments: (A) Single 150; (B) Single 450; and (C) Repeated 150/450.The first column of panels for (A), (B) and (C) shows the DCE-MRI images before the Gd injection; the second to fourth columns of panels for (A) and (B) show the images at 20, 40, and 60 min after FUS irradiation; the second panel for (C) shows the image at 20 min after the first FUS irradiation; The third and fourth panels for (C) show the images at 20 and 40 min after the second FUS irradiation. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3014094_fig02_82795.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | The correct targeting of GnTI to its steady-state location relies on signals located in the cytoplasmic tail and transmembrane domain.A) Confocal images of N. benthamianaleaf epidermal cells expressing GnTI-CTS-mRFP either alone or together with ERD2-GFP. The GnTI-CTS region targets mRFP predominantly to the Golgi. B) When expressed alone or coexpressed with ERD2-GFP, GnTI-CT-mRFP accumulates mainly in the Golgi, demonstrating that the luminal stem region is not needed for GnTI localization. C) In contrast, GnTI-T-mRFP highlights the cytoplasm and punctae of mostly unknown nature that only partially colocalize with ERD2-GFP. Scale bar = 5 μm for all images. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4082292_F8_303528.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | HEK-293 T cells were transfected with different Y-P30-GFP constructs and co-cultured with cortical primary neurons. Of the constructs tested, SP-Y-P30-GFP has been shown in Figure
2 to deliver a protein detectable in the culture supernatant. However, the peptide is not taken up into neurons. White arrows point to MAP-2 immunoreactive neurons (blue in the merged picture), purple arrows to transfected HEK-293 T cells (green or red + green in the merged pictures). Scale bar is 20 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3942211_F1_271416.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Computed tomography images of disseminated NTM development. The white triangles indicate pulmonary nodules, mediastinal lymph nodes, and paravertebral abscess. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4030881_biomolecules-03-00018-f003_290873.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Structural aspect of the organic matrix of Cherax quadricarinatus gastrolith (SEM). A–C: slight surface decalcification showing the striated aspect of the gastrolith (A) and at higher magnification the presence of large fibers of organic matter (B and C; arrows heads). D–E: organic matrix fibers forming parallel layers of different widths and densities observed after surface treatment by acetic acid (partial surface decalcification). Transverse fibers are also visible resulting in a pocket-like structure. F–G: high magnifications of regions exhibiting a dense network of organic nanofibers, subdividing the previously revealed pocket-like compartments in micro-pockets. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2747439_F0001_46541.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Contrast T1W coronal (A) and axial T2W MRI images of the brain show conglomerate ring-enhancing lesions in both the frontal subcortical regions (arrows in A), with central hyperintensity and peripheral low signal intensity rims (arrows in B) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4591358_pone.0139153.g003_429210.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | ER-RFP translocates into the inclusion lumen during chemical fixation.HeLa cells were infected with C. trachomatis LGV L2 and transfected with ER-RFP. At 30 hpi, living cells were placed in 4% paraformaldehyde and imaged over time with a laser scanning confocal microscope. Note the genesis of ER-RFP blebs into the inclusions lumen (cyan arrowheads) during fixation. See S7 Movie for a time-lapse video including more cells in a larger field of view. N marks the nuclei. Scale bar represents 10 μm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03605.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Abdominal ultrasonography: Gallbladder with multiple gallstones |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4407726_f5_380298.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Degradation of cross-linked recombinant human tropoelastin clusters by pseudolysin.Tropoelastin (10 mg/ml) was cross-linked with 10 mM BS3 in 10 mM PBS for 30 min at 37°C (a and e). The cross-linked product was incubated with 0.1 mg/ml pseudolysin for 2 h (b and f), 3 h (c and g) and 4 h (d and h). e-h are the same samples as a-d, examined at a higher magnification as indicated by the scale bar. Scale bars in a-d: 1 μm. Scale bars in e-h: 200 nm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4501046_Fig1_405717.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Histologic findings of primary lung adenocarcinoma. a Low magnification of an adenocarcinoma that has a central scar (*) (H&E). b High magnification of the same case (H&E): cuboidal to columnar shaped cells grow in a lepidic pattern along with alveolar wall. c TTF-1 imunohistochemical stain: diffuse strong nuclear positivity of tumor cells. d Napsin A imunohistochemical stain: diffuse strong granular cytoplasmic positivity of tumor cells |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4481105_pone.0129367.g001_399991.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Head imaging findings in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma who had cerebral lipiodol embolism (CLE) after transarterial chemoemobolization.Head CT and MRI were performed at 9 hours and 1 day after the symptoms, respectively. Row A: Head non-contrast CT showed disseminated high-density lesions mainly at gray matter (arrow), Row B and C: diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and T2 fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) of head MRI. The scans showed multiple disseminated hyperintensity/high signal lesions mainly at the gray matter of the cerebrum and cerebellum. The larger areas on FLAIR than on DWI for the same lesions indicate the existence of peri-stroke edema. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic50429.jpg | what is the mr weighting in this image? | t1 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3586681_F2_189494.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | The examples of everyday actions stimuli and N400 ERPs. On the left side of the figure, frames taken from movie clips are shown. The first two illustrate context and the third one illustrates the congruous (e.g., a man uses an electric iron to press wrinkles from his pants) or the incongruous (e.g., a man uses a fork to iron his pants) final ending. On the right side of the figure, the waveforms of the ERPs time-locked to the incongruous final movie scenes are compared to ERPs time-locked to congruous final scenes at representative electrode sites. The data were taken from Sitnikova et al. (2003, 2008). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4572487_awv117-F1_424065.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | MRI of the brains of Cases 2, 3 and 4. (A and B) Cases 2 and 3 showing a normal brain MRI. (C) Case 4 brain MRI shows a small cerebellum, with increased spacing of the cerebellar folia and an enlarged fourth ventricle. This was reported to be cerebellar atrophy, rather than hypoplasia. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4434866_Fig7_387178.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Histological analysis of proximal duodenum in Slc26a9-deficient mice at young age. The proximal duodenum of Slc26a9−/− mice displayed elongated crypts and villi (b, d) when compared with WT mice (a, c). c, d Crypt region with higher magnification. This difference was not seen in old mice (f-i). h, i Crypt region with higher magnification. Measurement of length in crypts and villi in Slc26a9+/+ and Slc26a9−/− mice at young and old age (e, j). Scale bars 200 and 50 μm. n = 5–6. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3523063_F1_173575.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | The image of 99Tcm-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scintigraphy after left radical mastectomy. The bone scan showed radioactive concentration in the tenth and eleventh thoracic vertebrae, indicating the appearance of bone metastasis at these sites. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1971.jpg | What is hemosiderosis caused? | by numerous blood transfusions.prusian blue |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3925602_fig3_267413.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Endoscopic appearances of control rats ((a) and (b)), a rat treated with DTCM-G (c), and a rat treated with DHMEQ (d). Narrow-band imaging (NBI) was used, which provides twice the viewable distance and offers a much greater contrast between the blood vessels and the mucosa. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic58377.jpg | what organ system is imaged? | musculoskeletal |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4610470_sensors-15-24374-f029_434697.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Visualization of antibiotic efficacy against P. aeruginosa infection in C. elegans with the NIR sensor. The nematodes fed on GFP-labeled P. aerugionosa (PA14) for two days. They were then incubated with ceftazidime (200 μg/mL) for 2 h before the in vivo imaging. The scale bars represent 20 μm. (Reprinted from reference [53]). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2822414_F0001_56793.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Myrian Pro® software with CT scan images and three dimensional reconstruction of the rabbit body (bottom right image) |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1371.jpg | Does this image show lung, squamous cell carcinoma fungating lesion right mainstbronchus? | yes |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3931645_pone-0088848-g004_268731.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Impact of Naphthalene injury on the expression of genes identified by transcriptional profiling.
(A) qRT-PCR analysis of gene expression in mock-treated (corn oil, CTRL) and Naphthalene-treated (Nap) lungs 2 day post-injection (n = 3 lungs per condition). (B–G) ISH for Reg3g (B–C) and Hp (D–G in CTRL (B, D–E and Nap-treated lungs (F–G respectively. E, G are higher magnification images of airways shown in D, F respectively. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4182442_pone-0107952-g005_324327.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Assessment of NHDF viability and attachment on alginate and ADA-GEL hydrogels.FM images of NHDF adhered on (a,b) alginate, (c,d) ADA70-GEL30, (e,f) ADA60-GEL40, (g,h) ADA50-GEL50, (i,j) ADA40-GEL60, and (k,l) ADA30-GEL70 after 4 days (left column) and 7 days (right column) of incubation. The cells were stained for live cells (green) and nuclei (blue). Scale bar: 50 µm. |
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