image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_4/PMC4324963_pone.0107526.g005_357552.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Effects of task during both observation and execution of pain expressions.For the pain task (PT—MT (Obs∩Exec); orange), a cluster of activation was observed in the left IFG, while bilateral clusters were observed in the IPL for the movement task (MT—PT (Obs∩Exec); blue) (p ≤ 0.005, uncorrected). Analysis included pain expressions only, no neutrals. See Table 4 for coordinates and t-values of peaks. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4419839_F6_383387.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Microtubule bundling and acetylation after LDN treatment: Confocal and STED microscopy. OLN-t40-α-syn cells were incubated with 40 μM LDN for 18 h (Co, untreated control). Cells were subjected to indirect immunofluorescence staining with antibodies against α-tubulin (A–D) and acetylated α-tubulin (E–H). Confocal images (one section: 0.21 μm) and STED images (one section: 0.13 μm) are shown. Scale bar confocal images (G): 20 μm. Scale bar STED images (H): 5 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3614731_F2_196108.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Fluorescent images of Prox1-CHO, GFP-CHO and parental CHO cell lines were examined under a fluorescent microscope. Both fluorescent and phase-contrast images were taken from living cells concurrently. (Magnify 100 X). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2797630_pone-0008622-g001_53364.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Locations of the voxel clusters (spheres) associated with the four factors.The spheres (shown as surface projections) are centered at the cluster centroid, with a radius equal to the mean radial dispersion of the cluster voxels. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2758671_pone-0007406-g007_47460.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | The first 474 amino acids of TgICMAP1 are important for intra-conoid MT association in T. gondii.Interphase parasites expressing eGFP fusions (green) of full-length TgICMAP1 (A), TgICMAP11–474 (B), and TgICMAP1455–1231 (C) were labeled with anti-IMC1 antibody (red). EGFP-TgICMAP11–474 is localized to the intra-conoid MTs (green arrows). However, it displays stronger localization to the basal complex (inset) in comparison to eGFP-TgICMAP1. Its cytoplasmic pool is also more prominent than that of eGFP-TgICMAP1. eGFP -TgICMAP1455–1231 is localized predominantly to the nucleus and cytosol. The insets are at 2.5× magnification. Scale bars = 2 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4172957_Fig9_322212.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation |
Immunohistologic analysis of wild type or
itr1aΔ itr3cΔ
mutant infected mouse brain. Antibody mediated immunofluorescent staining were performed using brain sections from mouse infected with the wild type H99 or the itr1aΔ itr3cΔ mutant strain. The stained sections were analyzed by confocal microscopy followed by 3D reconstructions of images. Tissue sections were stained for the host cell nuclei (DAPI, blue), fungal GXM (FITC-labeled GXM antibody 18B7, Green), host GFAP (astrocyte marker, red) or host Iba-1 (macrophage/microglia marker, red). Scale bar: 180 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4430663_fig11_386161.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Results of immunohistochemical staining for CD44, CD105, OPN, Ki67, and caspase-3 (CASP-3). In order to recognize the nuclei location, the images of specific staining were arranged with images presenting results of DAPI staining (blue-tone images). The weaker CD44+, CD105+, OPN+, and Ki67+ reactions were noted in subcutaneous fat tissues collected from experimental group. Stronger positive reaction for caspase-3 was seen in fat biopsies derived from animals treated with metformin than in control group. Immunostaining reactions were prepared in duplicate. Magnifications are 50x and 100x; scale bar is 400 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3106778_F7_97658.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | 3D delayed enhancement (left) and T2w FSE (right) images acquired in the same animal model during the same experiment (as the DynCE images mentioned herein) reformattd to be approximately in the same plane as the rest of the images. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4246461_Fig3_339698.jpg | Describe the image concisely. |
Pathological examination of a biopsy specimen of the liver tumor shows metastatic adenocarcinoma that is poorly differentiated with solid and cord-like proliferation (hematoxylin and eosin, ×200).
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splits/subfolder_2/PMC4015045_F1_286950.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Examination of the abutment surface using SEM. (a) Standardization method used to determine the 250 x 190 µm observation fields. (b) Image with x10000 magnification showing adhered fibroblasts with flattened aspect in the G3 sample. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_63397.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Lung laceration, type IV. Axial CT image of the left lung at lung window shows a small peripheral laceration (white arrow) beneath a rib fracture (black arrow) surrounded by ground-glass opacity (lung contusion) and associated with a small ipsilateral pneumothorax |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4363195_Fig4_368442.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. |
Imiquimod enhanced the osteo-differentiation ability of UCMSCs but had no influence on adipocyte and chondrocyte differentiation. A: Osteoblasts differentiation, B: chondrocyte differentiation, C: adipocyte differentiation. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_kidney/train_0116.jpg | What is the kidney enlarged in? | size and weight |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2157.jpg | Is malformed base present? | no |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2720231_fig3_42764.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Immunofluoresence staining for uPA, CD44 and MDR1 in primary and metastatic EOCs. Representative images from different patients. Representative confocal images of uPA and CD44 (green; Alexa-488) and MDR1 (red; Alexa-594) expression in EOC primary and metastatic EOC tissues are shown. Low levels of uPA, CD44 and MDR1 are shown in primary EOC tissues (A–C), respectively. Medium levels of uPA, CD44 and MDR1 are shown in primary EOC tissues (D–F), respectively. High levels of uPA, CD44 and MDR1 are shown in metastatic EOC tissues (G–I), respectively. uPA immunolabelling is homogeneous and is generally seen on epithelial and stromal cells. Magnification: A–I × 400. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3561356_pone-0054543-g004_183129.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Histologic appearance of an endoscopic biopsy and whole colon specimen.(A) Endoscopic biopsy collected at T7 showing evidence of a crypt abscess (arrow), and mucosal gland distortion. Objective x40. (B) Histologic image of a whole colon specimen collected at termination of the study (T12) identifying distorted mucosal glands, and an ulceration with completed reepithelialization and underlying submucosal inflammation (arrow). Objective x4. The slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3420649_fig2_150245.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | MRI Brain (a) DWI showing hyperintense lesion in the right MCA territory. (b) ADC showing mismatch in the same region confirming acute infarction. (c) and (d) MRA showing no evidence of thrombus formation or carotid dissection. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4331822_F1_359576.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Myocardial metastases from esophageal cancer. A- MIP image showing primary esophageal mass (arrow) with focal uptake in region of heart (arrowhead), B- Hypodense lesion in left ventricular myocardium (arrow) on axial CT images showing, C- FDG uptake on axial fused PET/CT images (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3794930_pone-0075322-g004_236927.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Histological analyses of (A–C) MMP-2, (D-F) MMP-9, (G–I) COX-2, (J–L) RANK, (M–O) RANK-L, and (P–R) OPG in periodontal tissue of rats with periodontal disease.Rats subjected to saline are pictured in A, D, G, J, M, P; rats with periodontal disease are pictured in B, E, H, K, N, Q; rats with periodontal disease and treated with Atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) are pictured in C, F, I, L, O, R. 100× magnification, bar scale = 100 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2967838_fig12_77766.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | An example of a large GGO nodule segmentation. (a) Original 3D nodule on eight contiguous slices; (b) and (c) segmentation results without and with shape feature (proposed method), respectively. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2966428_pone-0013756-g005_77553.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | MPO+ neutrophils are barely detectable in ATP-injected SNpc.Brain sections were obtained at the indicated times after injection of 100 nmol ATP (A), 1000 nmol ATP (B) or 5 µg LPS (C) into the SNpc. Neutrophils were identified using MPO antibody (arrows). Photographs of the most damaged sections were obtained. In contrast to LPS, neutrophils were barely recruited upon treatment with ATP (100 and 1000 nmol). Lower panel is higher magnification of the upper panel. Scale bars, 200 µm (A, B, C upper panels); 50 µm (A, B, C lower panels); 10 µm (inset). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_39440.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Fistulography: Sigmoidocutaneous fistula (cannula in the right inguinal region). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4190354_pone-0109600-g001_326381.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Immunohistochemical staining patterns of the antibiodies studied.Representative images of antibody stainings in colorectal cancer; REG4-negative and -positive (A & B), MUC1- negative and -positive (C & D); MUC2-negative and -positive (E & F), MUC4-negative and -positive (G & H), MUC5AC-negative and -positive (I & J), synapthophysin-negative and -positive (K & L), chromogranin-negative and -positive (M & N) Original magnification was x 20. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2947737_F0002_75024.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Coronal (a,b) and sagittal (c,d,e,f) magnetic resonance imaging (T-1 and STIR image) showing subchondral marrow edema with a fracture line (marked with arrow and arrow head) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3501950_fig11_166888.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Real (1st and 3rd row) and virtual (2nd and 4th row) angiograms of phantom data for different time steps, which are denoted below the images. t = 0 s corresponds to the respective beginning of the DSA sequence. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3446424_F2_156039.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Immunohistochemical detection of lymphocytes in N/R (A and C) and in I (B and D) synovial biopsies. At the time of surgery, synovial biopsies coming from N/R or I areas were macroscopically selected as described in Materials and methods. Immunohistochemical staining of lymphocytes was performed using anti CD45 antibody. Positive staining was detected as brown peroxidase reaction product. (A) and (B) Global image of the section → intima linning, ⇒ lymphoid node (C) and (D) magnification (×100) of intima lining. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4697093_fig5_458210.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Tumour showing areas of hypocellularity and dense collagenous stroma. ×200 magnification. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4636832_Fig1_442224.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Preoperative TTE and CT. A preoperative transthoracic echocardiogram showing the left ventricle and the posteroinferior cavity of the pseudoaneurysm (a), with turbulent flow inside (b). A TTE cross-sectional view showing the large ostium to the cavity (c) and (d). A preoperative CT exam determines that the large posteroinferior cavity extends beneath the septum (e) and (f). The white (A–D) and black (E and F) point to the pseudoaneurysm |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2697143_F3_40094.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis of mouse trophoblast stem (TS) cells undergoing mitotic cell cycles or endoreduplication as they differentiate into trophoblast giant (TG) cells when deprived of FGF4. p57-/- TS cells respond to the same conditions by forming multinucleated TG cells. Data are from [18]. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4171706_fig9_321986.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Actin is polymerized on the phragmoplast edge.Single focal plane images acquired with a laser scanning confocal microscope. (A and B) Protonemal apical cell expressing For2A-GFP (green) and mCherry-tubulin (red). (A) In metaphase through anaphase (A, t = 0–75 s), For2A-GFP is not associated with the spindle. See also Video 13. (B) For2A-GFP is enriched at the phragmoplast midzone and remains on the edge of the phragmoplast throughout cytokinesis. See also Video 14. (C) Protonemal cell expressing Lifeact-mEGFP (green) and mCherry-tubulin (red). Microtubules intersect actin filaments between the leading edge of the phragmoplast and the cell cortex (arrow heads). See also Video 15. Scale bars, 5 µm.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03498.029 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2770106_ARD-68-12-1878-f04_49612.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Mid-wall linear late enhancement (arrows) in anteroseptal location assessed by delayed enhancement sequence 10 min after Gd-DTPA injection on an MRI 1.5 Tesla scan. (A) Four chambers; (B) short axis; (C) long axis. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3547967_pone-0054110-g005_179827.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Immunostaining of BRM, BRG1, and MITF in nevi and primary melanomas.
A. Intradermal nevus; B and C. Primary melanomas. Parallel sections (5 µm) were stained with antibodies against BRM (left), BRG1 (middle), and MITF (right). Protein expression was analyzed in intradermal or compound nevi (5 sections) and primary melanomas >1 mm in thickness (9 sections) and representative images were shown. Black arrows indicate negative interphase nuclei in BRG1 and MITF staining, open arrows mark BRM- or BRG1-negative mitotic nuclei. Scoring (0–3) is described in Materials and Methods. Magnification, ×400. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4157717_F8_318706.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Impact of TaAMY3 over-expression on starch granules during seed development. (A–D) Evolution of starch granule morphology during seed development as visualized by confocal microscopy. Developing grains from a negative isogenic control (A and C) and an AOE line (B and D) were collected during the starch filling process (A and B) and at the beginning of the desiccation phase (C and D). Degradation signs are indicated by red arrows. (E–H) Impact of α-amylase3 (TaAMY3) over-expression on starch granules extracted from dry grains as visualized with SEM. (E) A10 negative isogenic control. (F–H) A10 A3OE line. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4569419_pone.0137426.g003_423361.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Effect of PTU on Notch3 and gamma-secretase subunit expression in proximal and distal pulmonary arteries.Immuohistochemistry shows Notch3 expression in the proximal part (A) (scale bar: 20μm; L: vascular lumen) and the distal part of pulmonary arteries (B) (scale bar: 20μm). Notch3 in medial layer of pulmonary arteries was identified by α-SM-actin double staining for vascular SMC. The picture is a representative of 4 independent experiments. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4043498_F2_293789.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | In the uncorrected images the coronary arteries are blurred and indistinct. After 3DSN correction there is a marked improvement in vessel sharpness, and much more of the vessel's length can be visualised. The 3DSN images show a complete 3D Volume acquired immediately prior to one set of high resolution CMRA profiles. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4100273_fig2_306445.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Hematoxylin and eosin staining for the gingival lesion. (a) The black arrow indicates a dental papilla-like tissue. (b) The red arrows denote abundant small blood vessels. (c) A large mineralized matrix appears like enamel or dentin structures. (d) There are several islands of odontogenic epithelium. One of them clearly exhibits enamel organ differentiation. Panels (b), (c), and (d) are magnifications (×4) of the white squares of panel (a). Scale bar = 200 μm for panel (a) and 50 μm for panels (b), (c), and (d). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3797292_f4-etm-06-04-0883_237827.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the neck and eyeballs following two cycles of therapy. (a) Flake shadow, located in the left of the neck, was markedly enhanced following the infusion of a contrast-enhancing agent. The mass was reduced in size following treatment. (b) Both eye sockets thickened and were enhanced homogeneously. The range that was invaded by multiple myeloma reduced by approximately 60%. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3281094_pone-0031877-g001_126168.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | The brain areas whose GMVs are correlated with the DB scores.A total of four brain regions show positive correlations between their GMVs and the DB scores (P<0.05, corrected). ROIs 1–4 represent the four regions and are used as the seed regions for the rsFC analysis. Abbreviations: DB, digits backward; GMV, gray matter volume; L, left; R, right; ROI, region of interest; rsFC, resting-state functional connectivity. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4698516_F10_458429.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Selaginella
stomatoloma Valdespino. A Section of upper surface of stem B Upper surface of median leaf C Close-up of base and proximal portion of median leaf, upper surface; note marginal (a) and submarginal stomata (b) D Close-up of proximal portion and apex of median leaf, upper surface; note marginal (a) and submarginal (b) stomata E Section of lower surface of stem F Lower surface of lateral leaf; note marginal stomata (a) G Close-up of base and proximal portion of lateral leaf, lower surface; note marginal (a) and submarginal (b) stomata H Upper surface of lateral leaf. A–H taken from the holotype, Almeida et al. 2518 (PMA). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4196466_F1_327684.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Magnetic resonance image shows elongated epidural mass at the left posterolateral aspect of the spinal cord at the T2 to T4 levels, resulting in severe cord compression. A, T2-weighted image sagittal; B, T1-weighted image sagittal; C, T1-weighted image enhanced sagittal; D, T2-weighted image axial; E, T1-weighted image axial; F, T1-wighted image enhanced axial. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2743285_ppat-1000591-g002_45938.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Electron tomography of a 150 nm thick section from HIV-1 BaL infected macrophages.A tomographic slice (nominal thickness 1 nm) through a region of the cell containing a collection of viruses in an internal compartment. The expanded insets show zoomed-in images of individual immature (top) and mature (bottom) virions. Scale bar 100 nm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_47984.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Lens foreign body. (A) A metallic hyperechoic foreign body was revealed lying at equater part of lens (white arrow), (B) the foreign body penetrated anterior capsule of lens and attached in the superficial cortex (white arrow) |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3038779_fig3_87023.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Histological examination. (a) shows an encapsulated mass consisting of monomorphic spindle cells with pointed basophilic nuclei (Antoni A tissue), set in a variable collagenous stroma (low power). Given limited excision of the encapsulated mass, adjacent normal breast parenchyma is not visualized. (b) shows areas of cells with parallel arrays of nuclear palisading known as Verocay bodies (high power). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4242637_pone-0113443-g003_338815.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | LPC 18:1 induced ROS localizes mainly in mitochondria and cytosol.Twenty four hours after transfection of EA.hy926 cells with plasmids encoding either (A) mitochondria- or (B) ER- targeted RFP, cells were labeled with H2DCFDA dye and exposed to 60 µM LPC 18:1 or PBS (vehicle) in PBS containing 5% FBS at 37°C for 15 min. Fluorescence was assessed by confocal microscopy using mitochondrial- and endoplasmic reticulum-specific RFP marker (red) and a H2DCFDA ROS marker (green). Colocalization (yellow) was achieved by merging RFP and ROS signals (merge). Results are representative images of two experiments performed in triplicates. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_72940.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Cropped post-treatment occlusal radiograph shows intact cortex and mixed radiodensity in internal structure |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4634815_Fig1_441530.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | a Chest roentgenogram showed the water-bottle heart with enlarged cardiac silhouette. b Enhanced CT showed an intrapericardial low-density tumor encompassing the free wall of right atrium. The tumor was well circumscribed and the septa of the tumor presented with enhancement. c, d A giant lipoid mass was noted after pericardiotomy, which was yellow, soft and well-encapsulated. e The resected tumor measured about 14 × 11 cm, weighted about 450 g and was well-encapsulated. f Histopathological study confirmed the diagnosis of lipoma (H&E stain) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4647585_Fig3_444472.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Imaging examinations. Multiple spots or patchy farfetched like bone destruction, periosteal proliferation, fracture, and swelling in surrounding soft tissue was shown via radiography a & b, emission computed tomography, high resolution computed tomography c, and positron emission tomography/computed tomography d
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splits/sfolder_3/PMC4303836_nutrients-07-00239-f004_352436.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Effect of FCD (Fucoidan) supplementation on the morphology of liver (A); skeletal muscle (B); heart (C); kidney (D); and lungs (E) tissues. Specimens were photographed with a light microscope (BX-51, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). (H & E stain, magnification: 200×, Scale bar, 40 μm). Low-dose (FCD-1X) and high-dose (FCD-2X) FCD at 310 and 620 mg/kg/day. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3752610_f2_227282.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Morphology images of GO/SBR composite.(a–c), SEM images ((a), 1,000× magnification; (b), 20,000× magnification; (c), 200000× magnification) of tensile sections of GO/SBR composite with 2.0 vol.% of GO. (d–g), TEM images of microtomed SBR/GO composites revealing different morphologies of GO sheets, including crumpling and folding, at different concentrations (vol.%): (d), 0.2; (e), 0.4; (f), 1.2; (g), 2.0. (h–i), High-resolution phase-contrast images of different regions of microtomed GO/SBR composite sample (2.0 vol.% of GO) at different magnifications. These high-resolution images show individual sheets and/or layer-by-layer sandwich structures of GO. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4365490_f02_369298.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Testicular and epididymal histology and sperm morphology of wild-type (WT), miR-34b/c knockout (KO), miR-449 KO, and miR-34b/c;miR-449 double KO (miR-dKO) male mice at the age of 10 weeks.Note that the miR-dKO testes displayed thinner seminiferous epithelia and larger lumens, as compared to WT control and single KO testes, and the histology of miR-dKO testes is similar to that reported recently (Wu et al., 2014). Scale bars = 200 µm (upper and middle panels); 50 µm (lower panels). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3648580_pone-0062638-g006_203521.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Detection of SOAT mRNA by ISH.Expression analysis of SOAT mRNA in the human testis was also performed using in situ hybridization on human testis biopsies showing normal spermatogenesis. Even at the mRNA level, SOAT expression was detected in pachytene primary spermatocytes (black arrowhead) within the seminiferous tubules at late stage II of spermatogenesis. Spermatids were not stained (white circle). Incubation with sense probe showed no staining signal. NBT-BCIP staining, hematoxylin counterstain. Primary magnification ×40. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyydokg086udcjo76fn.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | No |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3480481_pone-0048277-g003_161932.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Three-dimensional AFM images of a mature aggregate of Borrelia burgdorferi B31 strain after 20 days.The preparation of Borrelia burgdorferi cells on mica is described in the Materials and Methods. The scan was conducted with 0.4 Hz using contact mode. A and B show a pit and a protrusion, respectively, of a large mature aggregate as depicted in C. Images A and C were produced with NanoRule© software; image B was produced with a custom meshing utility and MeshLab open-source software. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2774585_F5_50262.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Pulmonary embolism in transit. This short axis tranthoracic echocardiogram image shows an embolism (*asterix) passing through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4449905_fig5_391456.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Immunohistochemistry for AQP2 expression in the groups: sham ((a) and (e)), CHF ((b) and (f)), QL ((c) and (g)), and valsartan ((d) and (h)) at different magnifications. AQP2 expression was detected in principal cells in the collecting ducts, and labeling was much stronger in rats with CHF than in sham rats; labeling was much weaker in QL and Valsartan rats. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3260250_pone-0030262-g003_122327.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Distribution of the injected A15 probe 24 h after cerebral ischemic induction.Areas with high fluorescence intensities were observed over the ischemic region in MCAO mice that received A15 (A), corresponding to the pallor in TTC staining (B). High magnification of the boxed region in A was shown in C (C, 40×). Intense and diffuse Cy5.5 fluorescence from A15 was observed in the ischemic area of the cortex and nearby micro-vessels (↑), whereas fluorescence was scarcely visible in the nonischemic areas. The border between the ischemic and nonischemic area was clearly delineated after TTC (B) and hematoxylin and eosin staining (D). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3823142_fig03_242076.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Distribution of cardiac telocytes in the myocardium. (I) Immuofluorescent staining for c-kit (red) revealed that many of the cardiac telocytes were distributed in the longitudinal dimension of the whole heart (A1-2, B1-2 and C1-2). (II) All of the cardiac telocytes were distributed within the cross direction (A1-2 and B1-2). Figures inset in I-A1-2, I-B1-2, I-C1-2, II-A1-2 and II-B1-2 contain images of cardiac telocytes at a higher magnification (n = 3). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3214185_F1_115385.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | A typical transverse slice showing the distributions of 125I seeds and isodose curves after seed implantation from CT scan. The isodose lines shown are 300 Gy (brown), 160 Gy (red), 100 Gy (blue), 80 Gy (green) and 40 Gy (yellow). PTV and 125I seeds are shown in light grey circle and blue dots, respectively. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2678195_pone-0005514-g001_38047.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Morphological aspect of differentiated cell.Optical phase contrast microscopy visualization of differentiated cells seeded on type I collagen (A, B) and polyelectrolyte multilayer films (PEMs) (C, D) until confluence under normoxic (A, C) and hypoxic (B, D) environment. Objective×20, scale bar 55 µm. The morphological examination of the confluent cells showed cobblestone shape (A, C) in normoxia and a spindle like (B, D) shape in hypoxia. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4081092_F5_303167.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Jmjd6 co-localises with nascent RNA. HeLa cells were treated with 5-fluorouridine (5-FU) for 3 min and subsequently stained with anti-BrdU and anti-Jmjd6 antibody. Yellow dots indicate endogenous Jmjd6 (A) or overexpressed HA-tagged Jmjd6 (B) co-localising with nascent RNA in confocal microscopy. High-resolution microscopy and 3D SIM reconstruction (39) also revealed co-localisation of endogenous Jmjd6 with nascent RNA in individual nucleoplasmic spots. DNA is counterstained with DAPI. Central mid-sections of HeLa cell nuclei. Scale bars: 5 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3334987_pone-0035857-g006_134867.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | MR and histological images and western blots are presented from representative animals in Study 2 treatment groups.(A) MRI data consists of anatomical contrast-enhancing T1-weighted images and ADC maps. Histological stains provide information on tumor cellularity (H&E) and apoptosis (caspase-3). All data were acquired at day 7 post-treatment initiation. (B) Tumor tissue from animals left untreated or treated with GEM, IR and GEM+IR at day two post-treatment initiation was assessed for cleaved Caspase 3. Western blot of representative animal tissue is shown and proper loading of protein samples was ensured by probing for Gapdh. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4616658_F1_435777.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Abdominal CT. A, Enhanced total abdomen computed tomography scan found a huge gastric GIST in antrum of stomach before operation, in March, 2014. B, Enhanced total abdomen CT scan found no signs of recurrence or metastasis for GIST 6 months after operation, in October, 2014. CT = computed tomography, GIST = gastrointestinal stromal tumor. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1604.jpg | What does this image show? | stomach |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_34867.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Coronary angiogram showing LMCA, LAD and LCX with a prosthetic mitral valve. Arrow pointing to LCX artery. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q51ejn08323r71azl9.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Polyp |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4535674_Fig1_414335.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Preoperative photographs of the three patients. a Case 1, b case 2, c case 3. Slit-lamp photographs showing corneal laceration and lens opacity (a1-c1). CT scanning revealed intralenticular foreign bodies red arrow, a2-c2). UBM exam failed to detect any IOFB in the anterior segment (a3-c3). Axial scanning of B-scan ultrasonography shows the echo of the posterior surface of the lens (white arrow), with an abnormal echo in the posterior lens in case 1 (a4) but no evident IOFB in case 2 (b4) and case 3 (c4). Transverse scanning of B-scan ultrasonography clearly showed the position between the IOFB (red arrow) and the posterior lens capsule (white arrow) |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/outside_leg/train_1957.jpg | What is present ? | Feet |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3747430_fig4_225563.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Postintervention angiography; pseudoaneurysm is successfully obliterated and residual stenosis has been treated. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qp1f2j083240px7ykd.jpg | Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image? | No |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4647448_Fig9_444321.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Distribution of claudin-1 in siRNA transfected cells after 7 days in culture. Cells were transfected with control or PHF11-specific siRNA as already described, treated with poly(I:C) and analyzed 3 days thereafter (a total of 7 days in culture; see Fig. 1). Enlarged images of the boxed areas are shown on the right of the figure and nuclei showing claudin-1 immuno-reactivity are indicated by asterisks. Shown are representative images of three independent experiments. Green: claudin-1; blue: nuclei. Scale bar 20 μM |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4431829_pone.0125624.g013_386387.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Staining of seed coat mucilage for cellulose and pectin in wild type, galt, sos5, and fei mutant seeds.Seeds of the indicated genotypes were prehydrated with water and stained with Calcofluor white and ruthenium red to visualize cellulose and pectin with a Zeiss LSM 510 META laser scanning confocal microscope. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3726502_F5_221103.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Staging with CT of the thorax and spinal MRI. Contrast enhanced CT of the thorax (a-d) revealed rapidly growing (a in 05/2011, b-d in 08/2011) hilar (white arrow in a and b) and infracarinal (black arrow in a,b,d) lymph node metastases with infiltration of the right pulmonary artery. Additionally thromboembolic material was found in branches of both pulmonary arteries (arrow in c). MRI of the thoracic (e) and lumbar (f) spine showed multifocal osseous metastases (arrows). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4429505_Fig3_385807.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Immunodetection of SDCs in oral cavity HNSCC primary lesions. Representative view of the SDC1 expression pattern, inversely correlating with the overall differentiation status of the tumour (a, displatyc tissue; b, c, well-differentiated; d, poorly differentiated), while being particularly abundant in the center of neoplastic nests (p) and in the stromal compartment (e-f). SDC2 was seen strongly associated with tumour vessels (g, n, o) and was the only PG to be widely expressed in the different degree of dysplastic tissue (h-j). SDC3 (k) and SDC4 (m) immunolocalized in the epithelial tumour cells, but not in the stromal compartment (l, SDC3; m, SDC4). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4602651_F2_432304.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Whole-body FDT PET/CT images demonstrated the presence of multiple FDG-avid lesions in the (A) anteroposterior 3D-MIP. The selected (B) coronal and (C–M) transaxial images revealed mild FDG uptake at the extensive cutaneous lesion with (B–E) subcutaneous invasion, involvement of (F–I) regional lymph nodes, and (J–M) multiple intense FDG-avid of skeletal metastases. 3D-MIP = 3-dimensional maximum intensity projection, FDG = fluorodeoxyglucose, PET/CT = positron emission tomography/computed tomography. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3576382_f1-ol-05-03-0992_186551.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Spine MRI. (A) T1, (B) T1 with contrast and (C) T2-weighted dorsal spine sagittal view MRI at presentation, demonstrating the presence of the tumour between T1 and L1. (D) T1, (E) T1 with contrast and (F) T2-weighted dorsal spine sagittal view MRI 3 months after surgery. (G) T1, (H) T1 with contrast and (I) T2-weighted dorsal spine sagittal view MRI 17 months after surgery, demonstrating enlargement of the enhancing mass from T3 to T12 with subarachnoid metastatic deposit in C2 and C4. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1684.jpg | Does hodgkins see other slides in file? | yes |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic27107.jpg | in what plane is this x-ray? | lateral |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3500461_fig05_166576.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Activation during expected reward component of the ACR task. (A) BOLD signal increase in the left parietal cortex generated by reward–expected non-reward outcome contrasts. (B) BOLD signal increase and the left lingual cortex generated by reward–expected non-reward outcome contrasts. (C) BOLD signal increase in the right parietal cortex generated by reward–expected non-reward outcome contrasts. (D) BOLD signal increase in the right inferior frontal gyrus generated by reward–expected non-reward outcome contrasts. The figures were thresholded at P < 0.05 (corrected); the color bar indicates color-coded significance of the t-test values. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4396852_pone.0121077.g004_378006.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Treatment with sitagliptin suppresses apoptosis in Ang-infused apoE-/- mice.Representative photographs of deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Apoptotic cells are shown in green and the cell nuclei in blue. The white arrowheads indicate the apoptotic cells. Ang II significantly increased apoptotic cells, particularly in the adventitia layer, but sitagliptin greatly suppressed cell apoptosis (n = 5 per group). The images of the upper panel represent the visible light phase. The magnification of the middle and lower panels was 100x and 200x, respectively. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4184852_pone-0109441-g004_325064.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Localization of KIT after SCF stimulation is altered in CALM
−/− MEFs.Localization of KIT was analyzed before and after SCF stimulation under confocal microscopy using WT and CALM
−/− MEFs engineered to express KIT. KIT was visualized by the biotinylated anti-KIT antibody (Ab) and AlexaFluor 568 streptavidin conjugates. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4674088_pone.0144734.g004_452340.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Differential cell marker expression and EdU-labeled LRCs co-localization in renal glomeruli and papilla at 6 weeks.(A) renal glomeruli; (B): renal papilla. The same tissue samples generated as described in Fig 1 were subject to immunofluorescence staining for the indicated cellular proteins (green stains). The resulting histological images were superimposed with images produced by EdU (red) and DAPI (blue) staining to produce the final three-color images. For the purpose of focusing on cell marker expression in the long term EdU-labeled LRCs, only the results of the 6-week tissue samples are shown here. The magnifications are 400× and 1000× for the panels and inserts, respectively. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3593009_Fig3_190873.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Examples of Doppler echocardiography in a healthy subject and a T2DM patient. Transmitral flow patterns are shown for a healthy subject (a) and a T2DM patient (b). Peak velocities during early diastole (E) and late diastole (A) are shown. E/A ratios are 2.2 and 0.6 in a, b, respectively. c, d show tissue Doppler imaging, with positioning of sample volume at the septal mitral annulus, in a healthy subject and a T2DM patient, respectively. The diabetic patient (d) had lower peak velocities during systole (S′) and early diastole (E′) (7.5 and 6.0 cm/s, respectively) than those in the healthy subject (c 8.5 and 15.0 cm/s, respectively) |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qk1eyn083275c38uo0.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3614786_F1_196153.jpg | What is shown in this image? | A, The undifferentiated colony of CCE embryonic stem cells; 3100 magnification; B, Four-day-old embryoid body; 3400 magnification; C, The photograph of erythroid colony; 3100 magnification; (D) Benzidine-positive colony; 3200 magnification. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4665604_diagnostics-05-00383-f001_449030.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Typical contrast enhancement for MRI diagnosis of HCC. (A) On a late arterial phase image, a 2.3 cm HCC (arrow) demonstrates unequivocal arterial enhancement relative to the surrounding liver; (B) On the portal venous phase of the same exam, the hepatocellular carcinoma (arrow) has decreased in enhancement relative to the earlier arterial phase while the hepatic parenchyma has increased in signal intensity; (C) A coronal image obtained in the equilibrium phase demonstrates the hepatocellular carcinoma (arrow) as being of lower signal intensity than the adjacent cirrhotic parenchyma (“washout”). Additionally present is the delayed capsule or so-called pseudo-capsule, which helps further solidify the imaging diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3314667_pone-0033621-g008_131819.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Sub-cellular localization of SLMG7 protein in the transfected Spli-221 cells.
Spli-221 cells were transfected with pEGFP (A and B) and pEGFP/Slmg7 (C and D) plasmid DNAs, respectively. The GFP fragment was fused with Slmg7 fragment at the C-terminal end. The photographs were taken through visible light (A) and fluorescence (B, C and D) filters at 48 h post transfection, respectively. D is an overlapped image under fluorescence and visible light filters. The bars represent 100 µm in (A) and (B), 40 µm in (C) and 10 µm in (D). N: nuclei; C: cytoplasm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4077036_F8_302434.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Examples of different segmentations between methods with 3D and 4D DoG filters. The yellow circles represent nuclear regions. (a, b) Segmentation results of the same regions by the 3D-Dst (left) and 4D-Dst (right) methods. (c, d) Time course of the original intensity images of (a) and (b), respectively. Images denoted 'T’ in (c) and (d) correspond to the images of (a) and (b), respectively. Images at the previous two (T - 1 and T - 2) and next two (T + 1 and T + 2) time points are also shown. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2871271_F5_64125.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Microscopic verification of N. gonorrhoeae uptake via human CEACAM1. 293 cells were transfected with constructs encoding GFP, human CEACAM1-4S-GFP, or murine CEACAM1-4S-GFP as indicated. Cells were infected for 2 h with biotin- and rhodamine-labelled non-opaque (Ngo Opa-) or OpaCEA-expressing N. gonorrhoeae (Ngo OpaCEA). Infected cells were fixed, but not permeabilized, and samples were stained with AlexaFluor647-streptavidin to label extracellular bacteria (Extr. bacteria). Intracellular bacteria (small arrow) are marked by their selective rhodamine labelling, whereas extracellular bacteria (arrowheads) are stained with both rhodamine and AlexaFluor647. Bars represent 5 μm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qh1ewv0832bcn75esl.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 1 |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_73546.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Computed tomography. A caliber change in the MPD at the pancreatic body was detected (arrow head). The cyst was located in the pancreatic tail (arrow) |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qk1ey70832cye0fh94.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Polyp |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC1291371_F4_3900.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in renal medulla of the four groups of rats studied: CT, HTX, IR, and HTX+IR. (100× magnification). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4350587_Fig1_364297.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | CT axial image during venous phase. Figure A shows a marked wall thickness (arrow) at the level of pre terminal ileum. Figure B shows a thicker wall of the ileum, with the presence of air (arrow), which is a typical sign of pneumatosis intestinalis, the lume is enlarged. These finding suggest the presence of necrosis of the ileum wall. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_02510.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Rib 11 in longitudinal section: R – rib, arrow – partially calcified cartilage, M – muscles in anterior axillary line |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3889289_Fig4_258038.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision |
M. jurassica, holotype female CNU-ARA-NN2010008 opisthosoma and posterior legs: a photograph in low-angle light of dry specimen; see b for explanation; b explanatory drawing of a; 3, 4, leg numbers; cx, coxa; fe, femur; mt, metatarsus; op, opisthosoma; pa, patella; st, sternum; ta, tarsus; ti, tibia; tr, trochanter; blue and red show left legs 3 and 4, respectively, mirrored from preserved right legs; dashed lines are inferred morphology; scale bar = 5 mm; c SEM photograph of numerous leg setae, showing infill of smooth, translucent (crystalline?) material, where broken away reveals external pattern of short barbs, as in the male; scale bar = 10 μm |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3868598_pone-0084864-g004_253027.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | PET imaging of orthotopic PC3-luc tumors with 124I-PGN635 F(ab’)2.Mice bearing orthotopic PC3-luc tumors were injected with 124I-PGN635 F(ab’)2 or 124I-control F(ab’)2. PET and BLI imaging were performed 48 h later. The PET images clearly show preferential labeling of the orthotopic prostate tumor. The PET images of the tumors were coincident with the BLI images. 124I-control F(ab’)2 did not label the tumors. Representative mice from groups of 4 mice are shown. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_64744.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Longitudinal section over the upper aspect of the scapula (S): TM – trapezius muscle, SM – supraspinatus muscle; spina of the scapula – arrows |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0549.jpg | What shows small, round to oval cells forming irregular sheets separated by fibrovascular stroma? | neuroblastoma |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3514151_F4_170431.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Serial MR imaging in case 4. T1-weighted image after application of contrast agent. a) November 2005, before surgery. GBM located in the right frontal region. b) May 2006, a small, extra-axial enhancing lesion. c) September 2011, no change of the enhancing lesion. d) FLAIR and MR spectroscopy images, September 2011. The small volume of increased signal intensity on FLAIR images did not show a tumor-like pattern on MR spectroscopy. FLAIR, Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery; GBM, glioblastoma multiforme; MR, magnetic resonance. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3164645_ppat-1002205-g006_106958.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Scanning electron microscopy imaging of two VGIIIb isolates undergoing a-α mating to produce spores.Mating images are of NIH312α×B4546a from a V8 media (pH = 5) mating assay. A) Imaging of yeast cells, hyphae, and a clamp cell (arrow) (7,500×). B) Representation of yeast cells and hyphae, with an emerging bud seen to the left of the panel and a blastospore forming off of the hyphae (arrow, 7,000×). C) Yeast, hyphae, basidia, and basidiospores. One detached spore is seen in the top left of the panel, and is characteristically elongated (6,000×). D) A high magnification image of a single basidium with four emerging basidiospores (10,000×). All scale bars are 3 µm. |
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