image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_07887.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | A 66-year-old female with endometrial cancer. Axial T2W MR images show an enlarged left pelvic lymph node (arrow) suggestive of regional pelvic lymph node involvement indicating stage IIIC1 disease |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3568019_F3_184678.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | FDG PET/CT scan. A: Extensive nodular thickening of the right pleura at presentation showing intense FDG uptake without distinct pleural effusion and parenchymal lung lesions. B: Marked improvements with decreased positive signals after 6 months of antituberculous chemotherapy. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3570089_f1-etm-05-02-0567_184963.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | MRI revealed L3 spondylolisthesis, L45 and L5S1 disc herniation and spinal stenosis. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4600866_fig4_431887.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Angiogram of the second patient demonstrating an aberrant right hepatic artery originating from the superior mesenteric artery. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_33765.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Radiografia de tórax revelando ausência do pulmão esquerdo. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2794872_F7_53019.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Protein identification. (A-C) data from the ProteinChip® Reader is visualized in spectral format as a cluster of peaks (individual animals n = 12 normal and n = 12 scrapie infected) at 10834, 10101, 11784 m/z. Immunocytochemistry brain sections from terminally ill animals:-infected animals, (A-C ME7) and uninfected animals (A-C NB). (A) Cpn10, CA3 region of hippocampus × 60 oil magnification cropped confocal Z series ME7 (upper panel), NB (lower panel).(B) DBI staining in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus of scrapie infected animal × 20 magnification(ME7 upper panel), NB(lower panel). (C) FKBP12 CA3 hippocampus ME7 (upper panel) and NB (lower panel) ×100 oil magnification. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3605514_F6_193908.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | A second cluster found in real resting-state fMRI data. This cluster also has components from six subjects, and seems to correspond to bilateral motor areas. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2825189_F1_57470.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | CT scan on June 2008. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3264599_pone-0030150-g007_123036.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Effects of high hydrostatic pressure treatment on an in vitro S. epidermidis biofilm after 3 days of growth.SEM pictures. A, B: intact cell and extracellular matrix morphology before pressure treatment, magnification ×500 (A) and ×5000 (B). C, D: destruction zones with only few structurally intact cells after pressure treatment at 540 MPa for 10 minutes, magnification ×500 (C) and ×5000 (D). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3708911_pone-0068921-g005_217474.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Mitochondrial localization of the Las autotransporter LasAI.
A-G1: confocal laser scanning micrographs. GFP expression and MitoTracker labeling were detected in tobacco leaves infiltrated with pGDY and pGDY-lasA
I-TD plasmids, respectively. A, E: GFP detection with 505-530 nm BP filter; B, F: MitoTracker detection with 560 nm LP filter; C, G: merged scans; D, H: differential interference contrast (DIC) micrographs of tobacco cells with chloroplasts (red arrows). E1, F1, G1: magnifications of yellow boxes in panels E, F and G. Mitochondria (yellow arrows). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3751923_F5_227192.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Experiment on clinical data. Clinical data: (a) CT scan of patient 1; (b) strain map of patient 1; (c) our result of patient 1; (d) CT scan of patient 2; (e) strain map of patient 2; (f) our result of patient 2; (g) CT scan of patient 3; (h) strain map of patient 3; (i) our result of patient 3. The non-unity aspect ratio in the axes of the strain images and elasticity images should be considered when comparing them to the CT scans, but the axes of the strain images and elasticity images use the unity aspect ration. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic51481.jpg | what organ system is pictured here? | musculoskeletal |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qd1epv0832bvqu826o.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3789073_f1-ol-06-03-0676_235434.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Radiological findings. (A) The fusion images of FDG-PET/CT in the coronal plane. (B) A lesion exhibiting a high FDG uptake (SUVmax, >13.5) was detected in the intrahepatic tumor of the right lobe of the liver. (C) The cervical lymph node demonstrated a high FDG uptake (SUVmax, >10.6). (D) The left axillary gland exhibited a high FDG uptake (SUVmax, >8.4). FDG-PET/CT, 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computer tomography, SUVmax, maximum standard uptake value. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3751374_F4_226832.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Immunohistochemical findings of the tumor. The signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) component was positive for (A) MUC1, (B) CDX2, (C) E-ca and (D) CK7; magnification × 200; and furthermore, (E) E-ca and (F) CK7; magnification × 400. CDX2, caudal type homeobox 2; CK7, cytokeratin 7; E-ca, E-cadherin; MUC1, mucin 1 glycoprotein; SRCC, signet-ring cell carcinoma. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3956757_pone-0091861-g002_274542.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Composite coronary artery bypass graft.256-slice MDCT with prospective ECG-gating, volume rendering (A) and curve reformat (B, C) of a 56-yo man with a composite internal mammary artery with saphenous vein bridge graft (IMA-SVB). The IMA-SVB graft redistributes the flow of the IMA (long white arrow) to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) (black arrow) and to the first diagonal artery (D1) (short white arrow). Distal graft anastomoses on LAD and D1 are well seen. The scores for image quality in all graft segments were 5 (excellent), for both 2 independent observers. SVB: saphenous vein bridge. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3948906_Fig6_273046.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Jefferson fracture. (a) Axial CT through C1 after a motor vehicle collision demonstrates a burst fracture involving the left anterior arch and bilateral posterior arches of C1 at their junctions with the lateral masses (white arrows). (b) Coronal MDCT image in another patient shows widening of the distance between the dens and the lateral masses of C1 (white arrows) |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4519282_pone.0134080.g001_410296.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Digital image analysis to determine stained PaBV-4 positive cell foci and area of infected cells.(A) Photograph after indirect immunocytochemistry of wells containing infected duck embryonic fibroblasts infected with PaBV-4 and incubated with or without ribavirin. PaBV-4 nucleoprotein detected as dense shades of grey. (B) Digital 8-bit grey-scale images of the same wells after digital scanning. (C) The same wells after 8-bit grey scale images were enhanced and converted to a binary image for analyses using ImageJ Analyze. The areas of N protein immunocomplex are in black. The area of interest that was analyzed is the same for each well and is within the superimposed yellow circles. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic35668.jpg | which organ is captured by this mri? | breast |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4137386_F1_314112.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Imaging features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using multi-modality cardiac imaging in patients. (A) Basal hypertrophy of the inter-ventricular septum (arrow) using echocardiography (parasternal long axis view of the heart). (B) Mid-septal hypertrophy (arrow) using magnetic resonance imaging (4-chamber view of the heart). (C) Apical hypertrophy (arrow) using Computed tomography (4-chamber view of the heart). LA, left atrium; IVS, inter-ventricular septum; LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1pv1e4n08323tzb6xhv.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 1 |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic42086.jpg | what imaging modality was used to take this image? | mr - t2 weighted |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_58905.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Portable chest AP radiograph taken in the post anesthetic care unit reveals severe ill-defined heterogeneous confluent perihilar opacities in both lungs. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4045663_pone-0098391-g006_294606.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | MWF maps of another healthy 3D T2prep adiabatic spiral brain scan.Another healthy brain 3D T2prep adiabatic spiral example, with MWF (top) and T2-weighted image (bottom) of two adjacent axial slices. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3041929_fig01_87682.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Immunofluorescence analysis of endothelial markers on subcutaneous fat and brain-derived ECCM monolayers. The figure shows evidence for the expression of several typical endothelial markers on submembrane or cell type surface, including vWF, CD31, ZO-1, ICAM-1, CD36 and CD62-E. Micrographs presented here are from patient PM91-derived cells in passage 3 and are representative of the results obtained with all the other CM patients. Magnification: × 100 for general morphology micrographs, × 400 for immunofluorescence micrographs. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2107.jpg | How does this image show yellow infarct? | with band of reactive hyperemia |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3340557_F3_136242.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Induced pluripotent stem cell clone spontaneous differentiation into cells of embryonic germ layers. Wilms tumor (WT)-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-iPS cell and autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)-iPS cell clones were allowed to spontaneously differentiate as embryoid bodies in suspension, followed by adherent culture for 10 to 14 days. Differentiated cells were immunostained for markers of ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm lineages β-III-tubulin (green), FOXA2 (red) and CD31 (PECAM-1) (green), respectively. Nuclei were stained with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. All images were obtained at 40× magnification. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4465350_pone.0129001.g001_396100.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Development of oral mucositis ulceration in the soft palate.In this participant, the first sign of ulceration developed during the 3rd week of radiotherapy on the uvula (upper centre picture). The size of the ulceration increased over the subsequent weeks 4 (upper right picture), 5 (bottom left picture) and 6 (bottom right picture). A common challenge in the clinic examination is that pain and impaired control of pharyngeal and extrinsic tongue muscles caused by the oral mucositis often counteracts a clear visual examination of the back of the mouth and throat. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_1513.jpg | What stain? | alpha smooth muscle actin immunohistochemical |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4511765_pone.0132243.g002_408502.jpg | What is shown in this image? |
Parascolymia bracherti sp. nov., holotype (NHMW 2014/0205/0001).(A) overview of the corallite mould; (B) inverted grey-scale image of (A) giving a three-dimensional impression of the original corallite structure. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4227985_Fig3_335139.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description |
Pathologic specimens of breast panniculitis with vasculitis from the excisional biopsy. a. and b. Histologic section shows primarily fibroadipose tissue within the right breast with chronic inflammatory cells infiltration and fibrotic change. (hematoxylin & eosin, original magnification, 40× and 100×). c. Chronic inflammatory cells infiltrate around and in a small vessel with the lumen obliterated (hematoxylin & eosin, original magnification, 100×). d. A vasculitis involves a medium size artery and small vessels (Elastic van Gieson stain, original magnification, 100×). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic24308.jpg | was iv contrast given to the patient? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3217963_pone-0027241-g003_115960.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | fMRI results.Statistical maps superimposed on standard brain in the MNI space. Images were thresholded using clusters determined by Z>2.5 and a corrected cluster significance threshold of P = 0.05. When marked with asterisk, images were thresholded at P = 0.005 uncorrected. Coordinates are presented in mm. L = left hemisphere; R = right hemisphere. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4519337_pone.0134285.g005_410340.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Transmission electron microscopy.a) IDH781 cells; b) EA1002 cells showing lucent regions in the periphery corresponding to accumulation of glycogen (red arrows). Magnification: x5000; Scale: 2 micron; c) Accumulation of glycogen in EA1002 shown using iodine staining. The EA1002 and IDH781 cells are shown in triplicate. The bottom row of wells is control wells without any bacterial inoculum and stained with iodine. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2766894_F0003_48736.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Fused PET/CT axial image gives morphological and physiological information, allowing proper planning of the FNAC site (arrow) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4452897_F6_392737.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Activation in the shifters and fitters stroke subgroups. BOLD activation for [LEARNING − (REPLAY + EASY)] for shifter stroke patients [RFX t(8) = 2.31; pUNCORRECTED < 0.05] and fitter stroke patients [RFX t(13) = 2.17; pUNCORRECTED < 0.05]. Note that the activation in the shifter stroke subgroup is distributed in a sensorimotor/premotor network (SMA, bilateral PMd, M1damH, and S1damH), whereas significant activation in the fitters stroke subgroup is limited to the bilateral PPC. DamH, damaged hemisphere. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3687373_fig4s3_212367.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | CNV progression in homozygous RPE-specific Flt-1 knockout (Vmd2-cre+flt-1lox/lox) mice.Representative FA images (at same time after fluorescence injection) from a 38 day old mouse demonstrate that CNV lesions appear 8 days after initial imaging in previously non-fluorescent areas, indicating progression of CNV. CNV: choroidal neovascularization; FA: fluorescein angiography; RPE: retinal pigment epithelium.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00324.023 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4055457_f6-mmr-09-06-2097_297500.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Topical IMQ alters keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation. Fat-1 and WT mice were treated for 14 consecutive days with IMQ or Vaseline.(A) Histological view (H&E staining and the higher magnification) of the ear and dorsal skin of the four groups of mice treated by two types of drugs. (B) Immunohistochemical analysis of inflammatory cytokines in the dorsal skin. IMQ, imiquimod; WT, wild-type; IL, interleukin. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3514081_F5_170295.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Bladder Mass Biopsy. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4391048_Fig3_376466.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Follow-up radiograph at 3 weeks postsurgery showing fracture callus |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwzadoy4086uc4cydpib.jpg | How many findings are present? | 2 |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic31686.jpg | what image plane is this? | axial |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4247909_fig2_340280.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Fluorescein angiogram of the left eye at 1 minute and 17 seconds revealing peripheral nonperfusion. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC1855055_F8_10640.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Effects of AG1478 and PP2 on PAR4 agonist induced phenotypic changes in primary cultured alveolar epithelial cells. Immunofluorescence images for a specific marker for epithelial cell (E-cadherin; rhodamine red, upper panel) or myofibroblast (α-SMA; FITC green, lower panel) captured with confocal lasar microscopy. Cells were treated with or without (control) AYPGKF-NH2 (100 μM) for 72 h in the presence or absence of each inhibitor (30 nM AG1478 or 300 nM PP2), and stained using each specific antibody as described in Method section. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3716595_pone-0069311-g004_218830.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Needle tip localization in post-puncture control Dyna-CT images.Lateral (A), coronal (B), and axial views (C) of the multiplanar reconstructions, as well as (D) three-dimensional rendering of the Dyna-CT of the ex-vivo lamb cervical spine-model demonstrating the location of the needle tip and the trajectory used to access the neural foramen. The needle tip is located in the posterior part of the neural foramen, anatomically well away from the vertebral vessels but directly adjacent to the path of the nerve root. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1976425_F7_13684.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Immunohistochemical localisation of MSX1 protein in bovine ovarian sections at day of estrus (b, d), day of ovulation (f, h), growth phase (j, l), dominance phase (m, q). Cumulus cells are marked with Cc and oocytes are marked with Oo. Negative controls were processed without addition of primary anti-MSX1 antibody (r, t). Sections were counterstained with toluidine blue (a, c, e, g, i, k, m, o, q and s). Images from the same ovarian sections were captured with lower and higher magnification. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2519087_F1_26970.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Scanning electron microscopy of 3% PTX-NS. Scanning electron micrographs of PTX-NS without cryoprotector (1A), freeze-dried without cryoprotector (1B), with the addition of HP-Cyd as a cryoprotector (1C) and freeze-dried with HP-Cyd (1D). Magnifications: 1 μm (A and D), 0.5 μm (B), 5μm (C). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3734012_pone-0070343-g002_222602.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | T1- and T2-weighted images.
A+B PNC-400 gel, C+D sodium alginate gel, E+F PAC-300 gel, G+H xanthan gel, I+J Carbopol-974P gel, K+L Carbomer-980 gel. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2535777_F2_27731.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | CT Scan on day 5. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_04404.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Loosening of first MTP joint arthroplasty. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3340385_pone-0035627-g004_136197.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Representative sections of the implant site taken on POD 12, Masson’s Trichrome 20x; Left: Topical+2 injections of saratin; asterisk, mild collagen density and moderate fibroblast proliferation Middle: Balanced saline solution; Right: Mitomycin-C; asterisk, acellular fibrosis and necrosis. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic50065.jpg | what organ system is shown in the image? | musculoskeletal |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4263602_pone-0114293-g001_343715.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | (a)–(d) show a 2D T1w MRI slice at different time points, pre-LITT (a), 24- hours post-LITT (b), 1-month post-LITT (c), and 3-month post-LITT (d) for a seizure-free epilepsy study, while 1(e)–(h) show a 2D T2w MRI slice at pre-LITT (e), 24-hours (f), 2-months (g), and 7 months (h) respectively for a successfully treated (no signs of recurrence at the time of evaluation) GBM study.Note how changes in imaging markers subside over time in the case of a LITT procedure with successful treatment. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glds4af071uc0qg6nsg.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3004943_pone-0015571-g002_81746.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Mosaic images of astrocytic cultures.The cultures were fixed 18 h (A), 30 h (B) and 42 hours (C) after infection with the BDG-PRV virus. In the bottom row (D) higher magnification images can be seen taken 36 hours after infection. The last image shows accurate overlap between immunostained PRV virus particles (red) and GFP (green) expession by infected cells. Scale bars are 300 µm and 25 µm, respectively. High resolution file can be downloaded from: http://amur.elte.hu/BDGVirus/. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3783193_gkt650-F3_233585.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Knock-in of the QuantEGFP tag enables reliable analysis of protein localization and estimation of protein abundance in DT40 cells. (A) Analysis of cell population fluorescence by flow cytometry. (B) Analysis of the level of EGFP-tagged proteins during cell cycle progression. Parental cell line (WT) and its derivatives, homozygous UPF1-QuantEGFP and heterozygous cyclinB2-QuantEGFP, were analyzed. Cells were fixed, labeled with propidium iodide (to measure DNA content) and fluorescence was measured using flow cytometry. Points below the horizontal line represent cells negative for QuantEGFP. (C) Live cell fluorescence imaging of untransfected DT40 cells and stable cell lines expressing QuantEGFP-tagged CNOT7, EXOSC8, EXOSC9 or UPF1 protein. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic36220.jpg | in what plane is this x-ray taken? | frontal |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_63770.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Transverse ultrasound image shows the nerve passing under the inguinal ligament. ASIS: anterior superior iliac spine; LFCN: lateral femoral cutaneous nerve; IL: inguinal ligament. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3327696_pone-0033733-g004_134152.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Effects of KG on Organ weight and Histopathology.After 24 h of 5FU injection and 6 days of KG treatment, group of mice were sacrificed under ether anesthesia on day 7 and organ weights such as spleen and thymus were measured using an automated electronic balance (A) Organs such as spleen, thymus and bone marrow were removed and processed for Haematoxylin and Eosin (B). The stained tissues were examined under a light microscope (200X magnifications). Data were expressed as means ± SD. *
P<0.05 **
P<0.01, a – normal Vs. 5FU, b – KG Vs. 5FU. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3893188_pone-0085161-g004_258830.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Osx-Cre marks perivascular smooth muscle cells in bone marrow.(A–C) Confocal images of EGFP (A), tdTomato (B), and αSMA (C) on longitudinal sections of tibias from two-month-old Osx-Cre; R26-mT/mG mice. (D–F) Merged images. Arrow: co-expression of EGFP and αSMA. EGFP and αSMA: immunofluorescence; tdTomato: direct fluorescence. DAPI stains DNA blue. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3686665_F6_212170.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | MR images of a footpad infection induced by iron-labeled S. aureus bacteria. Axial T2*-weighted MRI of the inflamed left footpad induced with (A) and without (B) iron-labeled bacteria, 24 h post infection. Bacteria were observed as hypointensities in the footpad (yellow arrow) when iron-labeled S. aureus were applied. (C, D) T2-weighted MRI of inflamed lymph nodes, Day 1 and Day 3 post infection. Bacteria were observed as hypointensities in the lymph nodes (yellow arrow) when iron-labeled S. aureus were applied. Electron microscopy (E, F), Prussian blue staining (G) and Gram staining (H) of the lymph node, 24 h post infection, showing iron-labeled bacteria. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4359322_F1_367390.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Knockdown of CLDN1 inhibits cell growth in soft agar 3D but not in monolayer culture condition(A) Plate colony formation assay of BGC-823/CLDN1-KD and HS-746T/CLDN1-KD and control cells on regular culture plates after 14 days of culture. Relatively colony numbers of CLDN1-KD cells were similar to that of control cells in relatively colony formation assay. (B) Soft agar colony formation assay of BGC-823/CLDN1-KD and HS-746T/CLDN1-KD and control cells in soft agar after 14 days of culture (under eye view and microscope of 40 magnifications). Relatively colony numbers of CLDN1-KD cells significantly decreased as compared to that of control cells (*, P < 0.05). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2948432_fig04_75081.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Immunohistochemistry of CDKN2A in primary tumors. (A) Bladder tumor control minus primary antibody. Some nonspecific stromal staining is visible in the stroma. (B) Strong specific cytoplasmic and nuclear staining in a bladder positive control in presence of primary antibody. (C) Results from representative tumors show very low cytoplasmic staining of CDKN2A from a tumor with a large homozygous deletion of CDKN2A. (D) Strong nuclear and cytoplasmic staining of CDKN2A and unstained normal stromal cells from a tumor which retained 2 copies of CDKN2A. Scale bar = 25 μm. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3466464_F4_159538.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies in PTSD. Across various task designs, the amygdala and mid-ACC are hyperactive in PTSD whereas the lateral and medial prefrontal cortex are hypoactive for negative emotional stimuli vs. neutral and positive stimuli. Areas of hyperactivation in PTSD (PTSD > Control) are shown in yellow and areas of hypoactivation in PTSD (Control > PTSD) are shown in blue. AMY = amygdala, IFG = inferior frontal gyrus, L = left, mid-ACC = mid anterior cingulate cortex, R = right, vmPFC = ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Reproduced from Hayes et al. (2012). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05050.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Sagittal MRI showing intensity changes in the bullet tract against C7-D2; there is no canal compromise |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4102570_ppat-1004264-g003_307172.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Immunofluorescence staining of C. jejuni cecal colonization in vivo.Formalin-fixed tissue sections of ceca obtained from C. jejuni-infected WT and Sigirr−/− mice 7 DPI at ×200 magnification. Cell nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue), epithelial cells are outlined with antibodies specific to β-actin (green), and C. jejuni (red) are clearly visible around the edge of the lumen and into the cecal crypts. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic18406.jpg | is this an mri image? | no |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_06867.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Uretrocistografia. Bexiga de pequena capacidade, refluxo vesicureteral bilateral grau I e resíduo pós-miccional |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3039645_pone-0017070-g001_87328.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Co-registered T1-weighted TFE, TOF, T2-weighted TSE, pre- and post-contrast T1-weighted TSE images of a transverse section of a plaque in the internal carotid artery.The right bottom panel displays the plaque components: red = lumen; green = outer vessel wall; yellow = LRNC; orange = calcifications; remaining vessel wall area = fibrous tissue. IPH was scored as being present (asterisk in T1-weighted TFE and TOF images) and the FC was designated as thin and/or ruptured (arrow in post-contrast T1-weighted TSE image). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_35934.jpg | What is shown in this image? | CT with contrast in the sinuses demonstrates opacification of certain ethmoid cells (red arrow) and fluid level in the sphenoid sinus bilaterally (white arrow). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2803975_F3_54359.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Echocardiogram suggesting IVNC. Exuberant thickening and trabeculation of left ventricle(LV) apical wall. Ratio between non-compacted endocardium and compacted epicardium = 13/6 (measured at end systole in parasternal short axis view). Dilated LV, diffuse hypokinesis, ejection fraction = 38%. Colour Doppler image showing recesses supplied by intraventricular blood. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2700430_F0005_40469.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Suprasternal approach for biopsy of superior medaistinal mass. Histopathological analysis revealed germ cell tumour |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3690066_f6-sensors-13-06477_213099.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | CASE 3. Post-operative results. The patient underwent endoscopic resection of contusional hematoma through a burr-hole. Superficial hematoma like this can be ressected without the aid of the neuroport. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_53061.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Sagittal proton density MRI of the knee (TR = 5067 milliseconds, TE = 25 milliseconds), 29-year-old male professional basketball player. Image shows thickening of the patellar tendon and intermediate signal intensity within the tendon indicative of patellar tendinitis. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4616561_F1_435718.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | (A) An enlarged and thick-walled appendix with fecalith inside (arrows) at the level of the lower abdomen. Enhanced CT scan indicated visible thrombus with defects in the lumen of PV (B) and SMV (C), the thickened wall of small intestine indicating ischemia (C). (D) The portomesenteric veins thrombosis diminished 3 months after treatment. CT = computed tomography; PV = portal vein; SMV = superior mesenteric vein. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3983067_ppat-1004070-g007_280241.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | miR-21, YOD1 siRNA or CVB3 infection induces co-localization of desmin proteins and proteasomes.HL-1 cells were transfected as indicated or infected with CVB3 at 10 MOI for 24 h. Cells were subjected to immunofluorescence detection of desmin and proteasome. Nuclei were stained by DAPI (blue). Images were captured by confocal microscopy. Bar: 20 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3786969_pone-0075886-g008_234665.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Upper dentition of
Wortmaniaotariidens
, NMMNH P-64001.Left partial upper canine in lateral (A), medial (B), and mesial (C) views. Left I in lateral (D), medial (E), and occlusal (F) views. Left maxilla with P3-P4 in buccal (G) and occlusal (H, stereo pair) views. Upper cheek teeth, right P1-M2 and left P2, M1 in occlusal (I; stereo pair) and buccal (J) views. Right M1 (upper) and M2 (lower) in distal view (K). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4369935_fig5_370539.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Histological analysis by H&E staining of rat sciatic nerves on day 28 after surgery. (n) Sciatic nerve on nonoperated side. Group (a) (sham) shows well-organized myelin sheets, round axons, and absence of infiltrating cells. Group (b) shows several areas of edema and degraded myelin sheets (black arrow) and several infiltrating mononuclear cells. Groups (c)–(e) show effects of dexamethasone on the injured sciatic nerves. The red arrow shows that alleviated areas of edema and nerve fibers seem to be better organized than those in group (b). Magnification, ×400. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q21eer0832g5da47u4.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Polyp |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3560047_F1_182669.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | From left to right: 1) SA STIR demonstrating shows homogeneous signal from the LV myocardium. 2) SA LGE demonstrating focal mid myocardial wall LGE in the antero-septal segments. 3) SA 18F FDG PET showing focal uptake in the antero-septal segements Note is made of a Reveal device visualsied on images 1 & 2. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3672734_F5_209128.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Sagittal MR images of the left breast of a patient with pathologic non-response: (a) images prior to therapy, (b) images on day 52, and (c) images prior to surgery. For each set, (i) is a T2-weighted image, (ii) is a contrast-enhanced image using an SPGR sequence, and (iii) is a subtraction image between (ii) and a baseline, respectively. MR, magnetic resonance; SPGR, spoiled gradient recalled. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4114703_f2-ol-08-03-1080_309805.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Expression of pmTOR in stage IIIB colon cancer. The expression of pmTOR in (A–D) tumor tissue and (E) adjacent normal mucosa was examined using immunohistochemistry (magnification, ×200). The expression of pmTOR (A and B) at the invasive tumor front cell and (C and D) in the central/superficial section of colon cancer cells. pmTOR, phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1617090_F1_7490.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Top panel: Computed tomography scan showing multiple rounded nodules in the right and left lung fields. Middle panel: Corresponding sections on PET scan. Bottom panel: Superimposition of PET scan on CT scan shows that the intense uptake on PET scan corresponds to the lesion in the left lower lobe on CT scan. The rest of the lesions in lung fields do not show any uptake on PET scan. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4690318_Fig8_456171.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Ultrastructural features of T. wauwau revealed by TEM microscopy. Cultured epimastigotes: transversal section showing three nuclei with large and condensed nucleolus and a single kinetoplast (a); acidocalcisomes (b), flagellum with a conspicuous paraxial structure (b’, c), highly compacted disk-shaped kinetoplast (b, c), enlarged mitochondria filled with many cristae (c), structure resembling a short cytostome-cytopharynx complex (d). Nucleus (N), Kinetoplast (K), Flagellum (F), Acidocalcisomes (Ac), Mitochondria (M), Cytostome (Cy), Paraxial structure (PR) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4190913_fig05_326576.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Cleaved caspase-3 and CD44 immunostainings. Bone explants (thickness 400 μm) were cut transversally in the superior part of the tibia diaphysis with a high-speed rotary tool equipped with a diamond saw, without previous embedding. Experiments were conducted with eighteen rats (n = 5 in C, n = 8 in A25, n = 5 in A35). They were immunostained with cleaved caspase-3, which is an early marker of apoptosis, and CD44 as a marker of osteocytes in the mineralized bone. The objective magnification of the epifluorescence images of osteocytes was 10×. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_45832.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Midesophageal (ME) five-chamber view. Arrows delineate the lateral wall of the right atrium (RA) (see Supplemental Digital Content 1 for the associated video in the Supplementary Material available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/136595). A mass of echogenic pattern consistent with hepatic tissue is visualized adjacent to and compressing the RA. Cartoon inset = ME 5-chamber view adapted from ASE and SCA Guidelines and Standards [7]. AV: aortic valve, LA: left atrium, LV: left ventricle, and RV: right ventricle. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3320873_pone-0035069-g003_133078.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Histological improvement by apilimod treatment.Histology and immunohistochemistry of one patient (1046) showing improved histology and clinical measures (58%reduction in PASI score) at week 12 in the 70mg QD apilimod treated group. Skin biopsies from non-lesions (left) and lesions (middle) at baseline and lesion at week 12 (right) were stained with H&E, K16, anti-CD3 Ab, anti-CD11c Ab, or anti- IL-12p40 Ab. Cells staining positive for CD3, CD11c and IL-12p40 are indicated (arrows). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic42581.jpg | was the ct scan taken with contrast? | no |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4148938_F3_316501.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | (A) Anatomical template showing a representative coronal slice of the hippocampal cornu ammonis indicating sectors after Lorente de Nó. (B) Synopsis of all DWI/T2 lesions transferred to an anatomical template of the cornu ammonis. (C) Distribution of lesions along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus. Red lesions: stress-related precipitant episodes; blue: physical episodes. (D) Columns show representative coronal MRI images of the hippocampus [T2/Diffusion-weighted images (DWI)] illustrating that lesions were confined to the CA1 area of the cornu ammonis. In each CA1 lesion, signal changes in diffusion-weighted and corresponding T2-weighted imaging can be observed. The arrow illustrates the CA1 lesions in T2 imaging. *DWI image in an axial plane. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3702998_f0010_216131.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Right parietal lesion. T1-weighted structural MRI scan acquired during the first of two scanning sessions where the pre-existing right parietal lesion is clearly apparent. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4196919_pone-0109770-g004_327775.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | DRG neurons adhesion and growth on electrospun fibroin nanofibers.SEM observation of DRG cells adhering on nanofibers (A) and establishing tight contact (B and C). BIII tubulin staining of neurons growing on random (D) and aligned (E) nanofibers. BIII tubulin (red) and actin (green) of neuron growth cones on random (F) and aligned (G) nanofibers. Image acquisition performed after 5 days of culture. Scale bars: A 10µm, B 5µm, C 2µm, D, E, F and G 10µm. Images A, B and C have been recolored for sake of clarity. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3848042_F2_247661.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Magnetic resonance imaging (1.5 Tesla) with a surface coil. (a) Polycyclic mass (arrow) cephalad to the right testicle with no signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging. The mass is clearly detached from the testicle (coronary section). (b) The intrascrotal mass (arrow) shows inhomogeneous signal intensity on T1-weighted imaging (coronary section). (c) The mass (arrow) shows only low and inhomogeneous uptake of gadolinium contrast agent (coronary section). CC, corpus cavernosum; T, testicle. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic51016.jpg | is this a noncontrast ct? | yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4269953_Fig1_345424.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. |
Multi-level minimal invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion procedure. A Preoperative radiology; B Postoperative radiography. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2940096_F0002_73711.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Tumor located at 6B removed by retrosigmoid approach; (a) preoperative MRI (b) preoperative CT scan (c) postoperative CT scan showing total macroscopic removal of the meningioma |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4449905_fig7_391457.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Immunohistochemistry for AQP2 phosphorylated at ser256 in sham ((a) and (e)) and CHF ((b) and (f)), QL ((c) and (g)), and Valsartan ((d) and (h)) at different magnifications. pS256-AQP2 immunoreactivity was detected apically in principal cells in the collecting ducts, and labeling was much stronger in CHF rats than in sham rats, while labeling was much weaker in QL and valsartan rats than in CHF rats. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2409353_F1_23693.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | The suspicious lesion and the vacuum-assisted breast biopsy probe underneath the skin. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4454727_fig5_393100.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Optical imaging of mice bearing single SMMC7721 (a), COLO205 (b), or dual LS174T and COLO205 (c) xenografts. Mice (n = 3) bearing tumor grafts were intravenously injected with CF750-A33scFv-Fc (100 μg) and scanned at 0, 1, 3, and 5 h after injection. SMMC7721, COLO205, and LS174T xenografts are indicated with red circle, blue circle, and red square, respectively. After the last scans (5 h), the mice were sacrificed, and the organs/tissues were removed and scanned. 1: heart, 2: liver, 3: spleen, 4: lung, 5: kidney, 6: muscle, 7: SMMC7721 tumor graft, 8: COLO205 tumor graft, and 9: LS174T tumor graft. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2998453_F7_80621.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Target cells are dually infected by 4070A and pseudotyped viral vectors. Infectious centers (ICs) were generated by seeding 4070A-infected CasE- and CasES-NSCs with target dunni fibroblasts followed by double immunostaining for CasBrE Env (697; red) to indicate vector infection and Gag (αGag, green) to depict 4070A virus infection. Abundant colocalization in the target fibroblasts is shown in the merged images (Merge) indicating that both the viral vector and 4070A genes were efficiently delivered to target cells. Bar = 100 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3612030_pone-0060049-g003_195578.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Whole body and brain images following IV injection of In-111 oxine–labeled BMSCs.(A) Images show persistent activity in the lungs, with relative activity in the liver (arrows) and spleen (arrowheads) increasing over time. Bladder activity is also seen. (B) Brain images at various times after injection. Larger magnification through a pinhole collimator with increasing proximity to the forebrain in later images (20 hrs, 44 hrs, 70 hrs) showed higher activity on the side of the infarct. Approximate position of left eye is marked in each image. (N = 4). |
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