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ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic41686.jpg
what part of the body does this mri show?
skull and contents
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic17039.jpg
what plane is this?
axial
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4044985_F2_294284.jpg
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RVOT in sagittal and coronal plane on catheterization and 3D navigator SSFP sequence.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3579774_pone-0057046-g003_187147.jpg
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In vivo MRI of transplanted MIN6 cells labeled with TMADM-03. A. T1-weighted images of MIN6 cells without TMADM-03 transplanted into the left kidney capsule. B. T2-weighted images of MIN6 cells without TMADM-03 transplanted into the left kidney capsule. C. T1-weighted images of MIN6 cells labeled with TMADM-03 transplanted into the left kidney capsule. D. T2-weighted images of MIN6 cells labeled with TMADM-03 transplanted into the left kidney capsule. The arrows show the transplanted graft.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0563.jpg
How are individual myocardial fibres?
thick with prominent vesicular nuclei
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3900262_F4_260928.jpg
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Height images of the network of casted cellulose nanocrystals measured with an AFM (a)/SNOM (b) tip and Height (c)/SNOM (d) image of the bilayer system (cellulose nanocrystals and lignin). In the height image of the casted cellulose, measured with the AFM tip, the nanocrystal network is clearly visualized (a); in contrast to the topography of the same sample revealed by the SNOM tip (b). The height image of the bilayer (c) reveals the typically formed globular structures of lignin together with the underlying network of the nanocrystals. In contrast in the SNOM image of the bilayer (d) only the globules of the lignin macromolecules and their agglomerations can be seen.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuo8zm8074ycugdbvq1.jpg
Where in the image is the abnormality?
Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2858659_pone-0010298-g003_62732.jpg
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EEG source localization (sLORETA) activation maps for the contrast ‘ss5–ss2’.(A) Theta (5–7 Hz) band power increased (p<0.1) with load at the border of the MPFC and the ACC. (B) Alpha1 (8–10 Hz) showed decreased (blue) activity (p<0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons) at the border of the precuneus and the PCC with an increase of load. (C) Alpha2 (10–13 Hz) showed positive load modulations (p<0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons) in the right middle occipital gyrus (cuneus, BA 18). The t-values are plotted onto a MRI template.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3986250_pone-0094876-g002_280996.jpg
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T2-weighted image of the neck shows a metastatic lymph node with partial high signal intensity, significantly higher than that of muscle tissue.(white arrow) b. T2-weighted image of the neck shows the metastatic lymph nodes that had irregular signal reduced intensity (white arrow). c. The inflammatory lymph nodes showed homogeneous signal falls on T2-weighted image. (white arrow) d. The metastatic lymph nodes also had irregular signal reduced intensity on coronal view (white arrow).
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_1513.jpg
Is female reproductive present?
yes
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4650109_Fig7_445068.jpg
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Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR detect that progesterone replacement inhibits the AT1R expression in the diabetic kidney. A Immunohistochemical stain of the kidney sections (hematoxylin staining; magnification, ×400) show that the AT1R immunostaining (brown staining) in the glomeruli was much stronger in the D and the D-OVX groups compared with the ND group (arrows). Progesterone replacement inhibited the increase in the AT1R immunostaining in the D + OVX + P group. B AT1R mRNA expression by real-time PCR. Data represent the mean ± SEM. Means with different superscript letters are significantly different from one another (P < 0.05)
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3900854_F3_261172.jpg
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Confocal images of L4 ventral spinal cord of wild type and SOD1G93A mice at 8, 12, and 16 weeks of age. Note the progressive increase in number and volume of abnormal swollen structures (arrow) along the disease progression in SOD1G93A animals. The KCC2 remained localized in the cell membrane even in these swallows (arrowheads). Scale bar 10 μm.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic14610.jpg
what abnormality is seen in the image?
multiple c1 fractures
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4528865_fig4-2324709614520982_413094.jpg
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Coronal (A) and sagittal (B) post-contrast magnetic resonance images 16 months after the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak repair show resolution of the dural enhancement and subdural hygromas seen in Figure 1 (C-D). Note the presence of a vascularized septal flap (arrow, B) and return of the brainstem and cerebellum to a normal anatomic position in comparison to the inferior displacement noted in Figure 1 (D). These findings indicate full resolution of intracranial hypotension caused by the CSF leak.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2908632_F1_69598.jpg
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CTC acrosomal fluorescent patterns. Representative pictures of three specific CTC acrosomal fluorescent patterns. (A) Uncapacitated, acrosome intact sperm - bright fluorescence over the entire sperm head and positive mid-piece of the tail; (B) Capacitated, acrosome-intact sperm - prominent fluorescent positive equatorial segment and mid-piece of the tail, fluorescence-free (dark) band in the post-acrosomal region; (C) Acrosome-reacted sperm - low fluorescent signal throughout the sperm head, with a remaining positive signal in the equatorial segment and mid-piece.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3809164_F2_239596.jpg
Describe the image concisely.
Sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (a. T2-weighted image and b. T1-weighted image) showing anterior displacement of L5 on S1with rupture of L5 intervertebral disc.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_20335.jpg
Describe the image concisely.
A 14-month-old patient. Sagittal T1-weighted MRI slice showing tapering of the dorsal medulla (arrows) in a congenital Zika syndrome patient without arthrogryposis. Also shown are pontine hypoplasia (arrowhead) and an enlarged cisterna magna (asterisk).
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3457048_F13_157016.jpg
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Confocal laser scanning microscopy of the pedunculopontine nuclei in a TH(+) and nNOS(+) double-immunostained section. Distribution pattern of axons/cells immunoreactive for TH(+) [green in (B,C)] and NOS(+) [red in (A,C)] is presented in this double-stained section. Observe the nNOS(+) immunoreactive neurons surrounded by sparse TH(+) fibers. TH(+) immunoreactive fibers appear scattered all around the cell soma. Scale bar 50 μm. Scale bar in (D) is 5 μm.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4623525_F4_437896.jpg
Examine the image closely and share its details
Subcellular localization of SeNN24-GFP and SeNN8-GFP in onion epidermal cells. (A,B,G–J) GFP fluorescence in onion cells transiently expressing SeNN24-GFP (A,B) or SeNN8-GFP (G–J). The images were acquired before (A,G,H) or after (B,I,J) cell plasmolysis. The fluorescence images of SeNN8-GFP were acquired at two different depths in a same cell (G,H for a turgid cell, I,J for a plasmolyzed cell). (C,D,K–N) Bright-field images of the same cells as shown in the upper panels. (E,F,O–R) Bright-fields images merged with fluorescence images.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qx1fe3083228yl7o5o.jpg
What color is the abnormality?
Red, Brown, Pink
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_00056.jpg
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View of giant cell tumor of thumb metacarpal preoperatively.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4259004_F4_342582.jpg
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Time-lapse of type IV development (embryogenic pollen) shown by synchronously acquired DIC and fluorescence images. (A) Uni-nucleate pollen with large vacuole and thin layer of peripheral cytoplasm. (B) Uni-nucleate pollen increases in size. (C) Cytoplasmic strands appear prior to pollen mitosis I. (D–F) Large spherical vegetative-like nucleus and smaller ellipsoid generative-like nucleus after asymmetric division. (G–L) Synchronized mitotic events originate from the vegetative-like cell; note that the generative-like cell does not show any mitotic activity. CS, cytoplasmic strand; Gn, generative-like nucleus; PA, pollen aperture; V, vacuole; Vn, vegetative-like nucleus. Bar = 20 μm.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic41566.jpg
which plane is the image taken?
axial
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4685197_f3_454796.jpg
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Series of immunostained EC tissue sections probed by EpCAM aptamer SYL3C-CY3.Normal, borderline, cancer nest and metastatic tissues from the same EC patient were made into a series of paraffin-embedded tissue sections. (a) H&E staining; (b) SYL3C-CY3 staining; (c) SYL3C-CY3 + DAPI staining; (d) Random sequences for negative control. The fluorescence signal of SYL3C-CY3-stained tissue sections increased from borderline to cancer nest to metastatic tissue, while normal tissue was negative. Images were obtained using light microscopy with 200× magnification.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_33089.jpg
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A panoramic radiograph
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3809230_F3_239609.jpg
Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.
CT demonstrated intraabdominal bleeding in the lesser omental sac (3A), splenic artery aneurysm (black arrow, 3B), and infarction of spleen and left kidney (black arrows, 3C).
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gm0s55z071u6bws6y9p.jpg
How many instrumnets are in the image?
0
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2364187_fig4_21695.jpg
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Bright field image of HCT116+ch3 (A) and HCT116+ch2 (B) after incubation with 0.1 μg ml−1 m-THPC for 24 h. After 24 h of incubation there was no detectable fluorescence within the nucleus. The nuclear membrane is distinctly stained in both cell lines.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2841143_F9_59536.jpg
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Immunofluorescent staining of ErbB1-4 receptors, phospho-ErbB2 and phospho-ErbB4 receptors in +SA cells after treatment with, γ-tocotrienol (γT3), erlotinib (E), gefitinib (G), alone or in combination. +SA mammary tumor cells were plated at a density of 2 × 105 cells per well in 6 well plate (3 replicates/group) and incubated with control or treatment media for 4 days. The cells were then fixed with methanol and incubated with primary antibody directed against specific ErbB receptors followed by rhodamine conjugated secondary antibody, as described in the Methods section. Magnification is 200×.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_77827.jpg
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X-ray examination shows necrosis, osteomyelitis, and abscess formation in the left caput femoris
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3750464_F3_226360.jpg
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Detection of p-mTOR, VPS34 and lysozyme proteins by immunofluorescence in pig ileum. (A) HRV increases the expression of p-mTOR (Ser 2448) in pig ileum. Red, p-mTOR. (B) HRV increases the expression of VPS34 in Gn pig ileum. Red, VPS34. (C) HRV with/without LGG increases the expression of lysozyme in Gn pig ileum. Red, lysozyme; blue, DAPI (20× magnification, scale bar 100 μm).
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4100359_fig2_306491.jpg
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Dye-stained hypertrophic heart sections. (a) H&E-stained (upper) and (b) Sirius red-stained (lower) sections of representative hearts from NS and AT mice 14 days after either SHAM or TAC surgery. Scale at bottom is in mm.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_14609.jpg
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CT scan of the head in axial cuts showing diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2776594_F1_50672.jpg
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IHC for Her-2 protein expression. Figure 1 (A) Completely negative, IHC0; (B) Faint membranous positivity, ICH1+; (C) Moderate membranous positivity, IHC2+; (D)Strong, more than 30% tumor cells with circumferential membranous positivity, IHC3+.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2857303_F1_62486.jpg
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A) Section of nasal mucosa showing multifocal hyperplasia, juvenile sporangia (arrows) within the mucosal epithelium (1) and the lamina propria mucosae (2), and mature sporangia (arrowhead). A multifocal mixed inflammatory infiltrate can be seen within the mucosa. Stain, hematoxylin and eosin; magnification ×4; scale bar, 250 μm. B) Semithin section of nasal mucosa with juvenile sporangia (arrowheads) and a mature sporangium (arrow) with a lymphoplasmacellular inflammatory infiltrate within the lamina propria mucosae. Stain, toluidine blue; magnification ×10; scale bar, 40 μm.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4276683_fig3_346726.jpg
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Morphological changes of MDA-MB-468 cells when treated with leaf extracts. (a) MDA-MB-468 cells without any treatment; (b) leaf extract from Mersing (IC50: 23 μg/mL); (c) leaf extract from Muar (IC50: 160 μg/mL); (d) leaf extract from Skudai (IC50: 259 μg/mL); (e) leaf extract from Batu Pahat (IC50: 398 μg/mL); and (f) leaf extract from Pulai (IC50: 299 μg/mL). Scale bars: 100 μM.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic34972.jpg
is this a t1 weighted image?
yes
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2978087_pone-0013924-g003_78205.jpg
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IRES-directed expression of DsRed in cells.(A) BHK-21 or (B) C6/36 cell monolayers were infected in triplicate with recombinant dsSINV constructs. Pictures were taken at 10× magnification using a Zeiss Axiovert epi-fluorescence microscope. White light pictures show monolayer confluency at (A) 3 and (B) 4 dpi (upper panels). GFP-specific fluorescence indicates cap-dependent translation of the first ORF (middle panels). DsRed-specific fluorescence indicates 5′-end-independent translation directed by the RhPV 5′ IRES element (lower panels).
splits/sfolder_2/PMC1855313_F1_10652.jpg
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CT Scan showing area of sqaumous cell carcinoma.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic22765.jpg
what is the primary abnormality in this image?
esophageal leiomyoma
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q21ef3083281hg99ik.jpg
How many instrumnets are in the image?
0
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4136832_pone-0104959-g001_313995.jpg
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Electron micrographs of the new isolate strain Hiromi 1.A transmission electron micrograph of a negatively stained cell (A) and a thin section cell (B) grown under the chemolithoautotrophic condition. White and black arrows indicate intracellular particle and outer membrane, respectively. Scanning micrographs of cells adhering on elemental sulfur by pilus to biofilm (C, D). Cells attached on biofilm formation and pili structures were shown by large and small black arrows. Other cells grew under the polysaccharide-like substances. Bars, 0.2 µm (A), 0.5 µm (B) and 1 µm (C, D).
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qb1emz0832fpzl4hc7.jpg
What color is the abnormality?
Red, Pink, White
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4164789_Fig1_320385.jpg
Provide a detailed description of the given image
Typical operative field after wedge resection with a 2 cm margin (including segments IVb/V) and skeletonization of the hepatoduodenal ligament. We state that the subject of the photograph has given written informed consent by the patient to publication of the photograph. PV, portal vein; IVC, inferior vena cava; PHA, proper hepatic artery; RHA, right hepatic artery; LHA, left hepatic artery; MHA, middle hepatic artery; GDA, gastroduodenal artery
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3304834_F2_130038.jpg
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MRI images of fibrin-targeted nanobialys (right) or control nanoparticles bound to cylindrical plasma clots measured at 3.0T. The ionic and particulate r1 relaxivities of serially diluted nanobialys at 3.0T were 3.1 ± 1.1 (s ● mmol [Mn])-1 and 512,863 ± 8408 (s ● mmol [nanobialy])-1 respectively.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_73725.jpg
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The dose distribution of radiotherapy designed for intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic38698.jpg
what kind of image is this?
us - ultrasound
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4561352_F8_421490.jpg
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Observations of particulate matter burial. Pieces of shells placed on an intact mat became completely buried in the sediment underneath due to the mat over-growth in about 3 days. The mat was grown in groundwater at room temperature overlaying sediment cores taken from the site of mat sampling. Circles point our attention to sites where shells were visible on top of the mat (before), and the same sites where they have disappeared under the mat (after).
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4030868_biomolecules-02-00122-f005_290867.jpg
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PTPIP51 protein expression during the cell cycle. (A) Confocal laser scanning microscopic picture of the PTPIP51 protein in proliferating HaCat cells. Cells were treated with nocodazole for cell cycle synchronization. Cells were analyzed in metaphase. PTPIP51 antibody: P51ab, Ki-67 antibody for identification of metaphase. (B) Confocal laser scanning microscopy of PTPIP51 and tubulin in the four mitotic stages. PTPIP51 antibody: P51ab. Nuclei marked in blue using To-Pro3. (C) Confocal laser scanning microscopic picture of the tyrosine 176 phosphorylated PTPIP51 protein and tubulin in the four mitotic stages. PTPIP51 antibody: P51ab-PTyr. Nuclei marked in blue using To-Pro3.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4488755_F5_401830.jpg
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hM3Dq receptor expression following locus coeruleus (LC) coinjections of TH-Cre-AAV and hM3Dq-AAV. (A–D) hM3Dq expression as visualized by DS-Red immunofluorescence, and (E–H) mCherry native fluorescence indicating hM3Dq receptor expression. The approximate area of the LC is outlined in white in (A–D) to illustrate expression primarily restricted to LC neurons.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3789665_pone-0076715-g001_235608.jpg
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Microscopic comparison of patient’s and control erythrocytes in drug-induced endovesiculation.Erythrocytes of a PKAN+ patient (B and D) and a control donor (A and C) were treated with 3 mM primaquine (A and B) or 0.8 mM chlorpromazine (C and D) in the presence of FITC-dextran to monitor the formation of endovesicles by confocal microscopy. Representative phase contrast (left panels), fluorescence (middle panels) and overlay (right panels) images are shown.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic46453.jpg
what type of imaging modality is shown?
ct w/contrast (iv)
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4428126_F1_385350.jpg
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Volume comparing HS/LE participants to HE/LS participants. (A) Regions of relatively greater volume in HS/LE compared to HE/LS projected onto a T1-weighted image for the right parahippocampus (14 -75 1), the right hippocampus (11 -4 -15), the right cuneus (8 -79 18), and the left orbitofrontal cortex (-15 9 -20). (B) Regions of relatively decreased volume in HS/LE compared to HE/LS projected onto a T1-weighted image for the left inferior temporal cortex (-41 -16 -17), the left insula (-48 -4 -11), and the left amygdala (-18 -15 -14). The color bar represents the t-score.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3920973_fig2_266329.jpg
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Trephine biopsies showing myelonecrosis: (a) metastatic adenocarcinoma (H&E 100X), inset showing epithelial cells with mucin secretion (H&E 400X); (b) sickle cell anemia (H&E 40X), inset showing blood vessel occluded with sickle cells (H&E 400X); (c) and (d) retropositive patient with imprint showing myelonecrosis with negative images ((c), H&E 400X) with strong positivity for acid fast bacilli in Ziehl-Neelsen staining ((d), Ziehl-Neelsen 400X).
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_mouth/train_2201.jpg
What does this image show?
primary herpetic gingivo-stomatitis
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4579293_F5_425955.jpg
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Probabilistic tractography between the SC and the amygdala via the pulvinar in the monkey brain. Top: 3D reconstructions of the tract (shown in red) linking the SC (shown in yellow) and the amygdala (shown in green) via the pulvinar (shown in blue). Coronal (middle) and sagittal (bottom) sections show the location of the tract relative to the amygdala (green), pulvinar (blue), and SC (yellow). The probabilistic data are presented unthresholded as a percentage of the total number of traces linking the SC and amygdala (that pass through the pulvinar).
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_39958.jpg
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Color flow imaging shows the jet of blood passing through the widely patent atrioventricular canal connecting the common atrium (CA) and univentricle (UV)
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3557630_fig4_181969.jpg
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(a) A thick bundle of hypocellular collagenous tissue among fatty tissues. H/E stain. Magnification: ×25. (b) Shikata elastic tissue stain showing the configuration of serpentine elastic fibers. Magnification: ×100. (c) Shikata elastic tissue stain showing serpentine elastic fibers and broken elastic fibers arranged in a string of beads pattern (arrow). Magnification: ×400.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic37874.jpg
what abnormality is seen in the image?
spinal cord astrocytoma
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_28585.jpg
Write a terse but informative summary of the picture.
Postoperative sagittal T1 MRI shows gross total resection of the tumor
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3944779_fig1_272250.jpg
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Physiological events of normal swallowing as seen by real-time MRI (27-year-old female). LAT: laryngeal ascent, VCT: velo-pharyngeal closure, OOT: oro-velar opening (start time defined as reference), PTT: pharyngeal transit, GCT: glottal closure, SFT: vallecular and piriform sinus filling, ERT: epiglottic retroflexion, PCT: pharyngeal constriction, EOT: esophageal opening, LDT: laryngeal descent (“s” and “e” refer to respective start and end times). The images are selected from respective movies (see Supplementary Movie 1 in the Supplementary Material available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/493174) at a resolution of 41.2 ms (24.3 frames per second) and sorted according to their temporal onset from top left to bottom right. For further details see text.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2065.jpg
Does maxillary sinus show spleen, tuberculosis?
no
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4337517_F2_361155.jpg
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Subcellular distribution of wild-type NS5A and NS5A with mutations at serine 225 in JFH-1-infected cells. Huh7 cells were electroporated with in vitro transcripts of either wild-type mJFH-1 (A) or the NS5A(S225A) (B) or NS5A(S225D) (C) mutant, and the cells were seeded onto coverslips and incubated for 96 h prior to fixation, immunostaining for NS5A (sheep, 1:1,000), and imaging by confocal microscopy. Panels a to d on the right are higher magnifications of the corresponding boxed areas in the wide-field images.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_71086.jpg
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CMR demonstrating left ventricular wall thinning and delayed gadolinium enhancement of the papillary muscle (arrow).
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4604119_Fig2_432955.jpg
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Expression of ParaHox genes in embryos and larvae of amphioxus Branchiostoma floridae . Whole mount in situ hybridisation used digoxigenin-labelled riboprobes and expression is visualised as blue stain. Each photograph is a lateral view with anterior to the left and dorsal to the top. (A) Gsx gene expression in a neural structure, the cerebral vesicle (arrowhead); ~20 hour embryo. (B) Xlox gene expression in midgut endoderm; ~36 hour larva. (C) and (D) Cdx gene expression in the hindgut and posterior neural tube of ~20 hour embryo and ~30 hour embryo respectively. (E) Cdx gene expression around the anus of 2.5 day larva (arrowhead).
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv59034074y3mvo42nw.jpg
Is there text?
Yes
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4099142_F2_306233.jpg
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Magnetic resonance imaging of the transplant liver after selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT). Note the necrosis within the tumor center of the ICC as indicated by the long arrow. The small arrows point to fibrotic liver alterations due to SIRT.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2670303_F2_37467.jpg
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Intracellular polysaccharide shedding by C. neoformans cells. Polysaccharide shedding capacity of C. neoformans strain H99 was tested in HPBMs. Top panel: Intracellular shedding of cryptococcal polysaccharide from C. neoformans cells into HPBMs after 18 h incubation. Bottom panel: HPBMs lacking intracellular cryptococcal cells showed no fluorescence. Bar = 10 μM
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_63589.jpg
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CT scan of the chest from 2015 showing right hilar adenopathy
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4301066_Fig2_351549.jpg
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Redistribution of PO41 RNA during the cell cycle. DNA/RNA FISH with the PO41neg probe (red) representing the redistribution of PO41 RNA during the cell division. MDCC-MSB1 cells at interphase (a), prophase (b), metaphase (c, d), anaphase (e, f), telophase (g, h) and cytokinesis (i, i’) are shown. Images of anaphase and telophase cells were acquired with higher gain values. 3D reconstructions of MDCC-MSB1 cells at anaphase (e’) and telophase (g’) stages with isosurfaces around G-rich transcripts of PO41 repeat (red) and chromatin (blue). DNA was counterstained with DAPI. Scale bars: 3 μm (a-i, e’); 2 μm (g’).
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_heart/train_2698.jpg
What does this image show?
coronary artery atherosclerosis
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4657069_fig5_447122.jpg
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Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (38 w). (a) The long axis of aortic arch echocardiography section. (b) The long axis of aortic arch sectional anatomy. AAO: ascending aorta; LV: left ventricle; AO: aorta; DA: arterial duct; DAO: descending aorta, PA: pulmonary artery; LPA: left pulmonary artery; LCCA: left common carotid artery; LSA: left subclavian artery; LAA: left atrial appendage.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1931604_F6_12435.jpg
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Immunohistochemical staining of microdystrophin in the diaphragm muscle from mdx mouse injected intraperitoneally with pAMICDYS or pAVP22-MICDYS. The diaphragm muscle with C57BL/10 mouse (A); the diaphragm muscle with mdx mouse treated by pAVP22-MICDYS (B); treated by pAMICDYS (C). Microdystrophin -positive fibers were only detected in groups injected by pAVP22-MICDYS, not in groups injected by pAMICDYS. Magnification: × 100.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3281848_pone-0030671-g007_126257.jpg
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Localization of nNOS and eNOS in bovine spermatozoa.Spermatozoa were incubated with the primary antibodies against nNOS (panel A) or eNOS (panel C); B and D) phase contrast. Controls were performed incubating sperm cells with IgG fractions from non-immunized rabbits at the same concentration that the primary antibody (data not shown) (n = 3); Scale bar: 10 µm (Magnification, ×600). Arrows indicate the immunoreactive staining of the NOS antibodies.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4074063_pone-0100413-g007_301905.jpg
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Representative immunohistochemical staining of SATB1 and SATB2 in colorectal cancer and matched normal mucosa.(A) Images (×100) representing immunohistochemical staining of SATB1 in (a) normal mucosa and colorectal cancer, ranging from (b) negative (c) weakly positive (d) moderately positive (e) strongly positive nuclear intensity. (f)/(g)/(h)/(i)/(j): Higher magnifications of panel a/b/c/d/e (magnification ×200). (B) Images (×100) representing immunohistochemical staining of SATB2 in (a) colorectal cancer and normal mucosa, ranging from (b) negative (c) weakly positive (d) moderately positive (e) strongly positive nuclear intensity. (f)/(g)/(h)/(i)/(j): Higher magnifications of panel a/b/c/d/e (magnification ×200).
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4178382_F1_323594.jpg
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A) Magnetic resonance images of the brain of a woman with cerebellitis associated with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, United States, 2013. T1-weighted axial MRI brain sequence showing hypo-intensity of bilateral cerebellar hemispheres. B) T2-weighted axial MRI brain sequence showing hyperintensity of bilateral cerebellar hemispheres.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_0304.jpg
Is peripheral blood in itp in a straight line from the normal uninvolved epidermis?
no
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4260443_fig4_342903.jpg
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Effect of NaSH on the expression of pCREB protein on CCI 14 d rats. Immunohistochemical staining map (a) and immunohistochemical cell count analysis (b); compared with sham group, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01; compared with CCI group, # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_46661.jpg
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Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with late gadolinium enhancement in four chamber view, without evidence of tissue abnormalities (scars, patchy fibrosis)
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3016403_pone-0015998-g002_83149.jpg
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Pet1-CreERT2 activity is specific to central 5-HTergic neurons.Double immunolabeling of Tph2 and β-gal in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR; A-B”) and raphe magnus nucleus (RMg; C-C”) was performed in Pet1-CreERT2; Rosa26R mice. About 85% of Tph2-positive neurons are co-stained with β-gal antibody (arrows), and a few Tph2-labeled neurons are not β-gal positive (arrowhead). Note that all β-gal-expressing neurons are labeled with Tph2 antibody. B-B” show higher magnifications views of A-A”, respectively. Scale bars, 100 µm.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4585025_F4_427398.jpg
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Expression of homologs of neural stem/progenitor cell maintenance genes in the adult radial nerve cord (RNC) of H. glaberrima. The left column (A–G) shows reference low magnification micrographs of the entire cross section profile of the RNC. The middle column (A′–G′) is a detailed view of the midline region of the ectoneural neuroepithelium. Micrographs in the right column (A″–G″) are higher magnification of the lateral region of the ectoneural neuroepithelium.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1885.jpg
How many teeth is fixed tissue opened ovarian cyst with two or?
three
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4523208_pone.0130235.g002_411388.jpg
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Reference planes of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).(A) Coronal plane of TMJ on the cleft side; (B) Sagittal plane of TMJ on the cleft side; (C) Axial plane of TMJ on the cleft side; (D) Three-dimensional rendered image.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4636237_pone.0142018.g001_441950.jpg
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Group difference in gray matter volume.Yellow clusters reflect gray matter reductions in the inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus and insula in schizophrenia patients compared with healthy controls. The color bar represents the T-score: white indicates higher statistical significance than yellow or red. Uncorrected p < 0.001; extent threshold 20 voxels.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4498775_pone.0132511.g003_405119.jpg
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The tracer mixture of ICG and Sonazoid did not induce an injection-related mucosal reaction. a. Endoscopy revealed that there was no edema of the larynx in procedure 13, 120 minutes after injection of the tracer mixture. b. A low-power view of the H-E stained field revealed no edema or inflammatory cell infiltration in the mucosa of the hypopharynx in procedure 13. c. High-power field views showing a magnified view of the green boxed area in Fig 3b.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3738910_Fig1_223983.jpg
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Brain CT and histological section showing hematoma in the rabbit`s brain. The arrow pointed to the basal ganglia hematoma on histological section (A) or brain CT (B).
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2890558_f5_67022.jpg
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Localization of side population (SP) cells in the porcine lens. The fluorescent images of Hoechst blue (A) and red (B) fluorescence in the porcine lens epithelium were analyzed using Image Master software. C: Cells with the lowest levels of blue and red fluorescence are visible as green cells. The scale bar represents 200 µm.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4489941_F0001_402371.jpg
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MRI of the patient: (A) Before the contrast impregnation, (B) Images with contrast: highlight for extensive diffuse inflammatory / infectious involvement of the meninges with impaired signals associated underlying brain parenchyma, especially in frontal region, left nucleo-capsular region, midbrain and pons. Subdural collections of thick content, not hemorrhagic, in right frontoparietal region and left frontal region
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3436703_F2_153665.jpg
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MRI at 3 y. 4 mo. of age. Axial spin echo T2 WI (A), axial gradient echo T2 WI (B) and coronal T2 weighted (C) sections showing chronic bilateral cerebellar haemorrhagic infarctions as encephalomalacia and loss of parenchyma (asterisks). Note hemosiderin (white arrow). D, E: Axial spin echo T2 images showing chronic-appearing lacunar infarctions in subcortical white matter of the right frontal lobe (short black arrow) and peripheral pons (black arrow). No osmotic demyelination features in central pontine fibers. F: Axial diffusion weighted image reveals no restricted diffusion in central pons.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4029323_F2_290439.jpg
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Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the liver (A-C, T1-weighted spoiled gradient echo image), and histology of surgical specimens (D-E). The right lobe mass (arrow) appears as a high-intensity lesion during the arterial phase (A) with delayed wash-out (B: portal phase, C: delayed phase). The satellite lesion (arrowhead) in the left lobe has peripheral signal enhancement and slightly higher signal in the central area during the arterial and portal phases (A, B), and low-intensity signal during delayed phase (C). D: Frozen section pathology, a well-differentiated cholangiocarcinoma. E: Edmondson-Steiner grade II/III, trabecular- and pseudoglandular-type hepatocellular carcinoma. (H&E, D, E: ×200).
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_24715.jpg
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X-ray of Girdlestone arthroplasty
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4561904_f2_421537.jpg
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Horizontal scan (A) and histology staining of the esophagogastric junction (B).The normal esophagogastric junction wall was clearly depicted with Phase-contrast X-ray CT including the mucous, submucosa and muscular layers (A). muc: mucous layer; sub: submucosa layer; mus: muscular layer.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2824764_ppat-1000778-g003_57325.jpg
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Optineurin distributes to a TGN like cellular compartment.HEK293 cells were serum starved overnight and the following day fixed with ice-cold methanol and permeabilised with 50% methanol/acetone. Optineurin was visualised via labelling with polyclonal rabbit anti-optineurin antibodies followed by staining with antibodies against (A) TGN46, (B) CD63 and (C) EEA1 followed by labelling with Alexa-fluor 488 conjugated secondary antibodies. Labelled ConA (Alexa-594) (D) was added to cells for 1 hour after optineurin labelling with Alexa fluor 488 anti-rabbit secondary antibodies. The indicated images on the right side indicate a higher magnification of the boxed areas. Representative confocal images are shown. Scale bar indicates 10 µM.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3345052_Fig1_136768.jpg
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Fundus photograph and fluorescein angiogram (FA) of the right eye of Case 1 at presentation (a and b) and after vitreoretinal surgery (c and d). a Disc neovascularisation, retinal neovascularisation superior to the disc, presence of fibrovascular band temporal to the disc and inferior tractional retinal detachment with inferior vitreous haemmorhage. b (FA): Leakage of dye from the retinal neovascularisation superior to the disc and staining of the fibrovascular band temporal to the disc. c Well-settled retina with endolaser marks. d (FA): Absence of dye leakage with complete regression of neovacularisation and adequately lasered peripheral retina
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3407554_Fig1_147207.jpg
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a, b MRI coronal scan showing pituitary enlargement with equal T1 signal, close to the optic chiasm. c, d MRI scan showing a pituitary mass obviously and uniformly enhanced by Gd-EDTA injection. e and f MRI coronal, sagittal scan showing pituitary size return to normal size after taking thyroxine tablets
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/outside_penis/train_2585.jpg
Does this image show multiple ulcerative lesions rectum primary excellent?
yes
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2803492_F2_54008.jpg
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Comparative SEM observations of abaxial and adaxial epidermal surface structures of C. vulgaris perianth organs. wild-type whorl I, abaxial (A), adaxial (B); wild-type whorl II, abaxial (C), adaxial (D); 'bud-flowering' whorl I, abaxial (E), adaxial (F); 'bud-flowering' whorl II, abaxial (G), adaxial (H);
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4602019_Fig4_432023.jpg
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Atypical carcinoid of the lung, first diagnosed in 03/2000. Following upper and middle lobe resection of the right lung (03/2000) and external beam irradiation therapy with 70 Gy (06/2007), the patient underwent multiple operations for residual tumor. Patient was referred for restaging with Ga-68 DOTATOC and FDG PET/CTs (result not discussed in the text). Both the PET/CTs performed in 2010 showed somatostatin receptor-negative, FDG-positive local residual tumor and bone metastases. a Ga-68 DOTATOC PET MIP image. b CT axial slides. c, f Ga-68 DOTATOC PET/CT fused axial images. g, e FDG PET/CT fused axial images. d FDG PET MIP image
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3971857_fig2_277893.jpg
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Sagittal T2 MRI demonstrating small collection in the prevertebral space (short arrow) with extension through C5-6 intervertebral disk space (arrow head) and edematous and abnormal high signal of the spinal cord (long arrow).
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv28zz8074y464gfdth.jpg
Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image?
Z-line