image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1po1dxn08328vz50fyd.jpg | What type of polyp is present? | Paris is |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4222084_F4_333305.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Hematoxylin-eosin stained section. The pathological findings indicate clear cell renal cell carcinoma with necrosis, hyaline degeneration, and hemosiderosis (magnification: ×200). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3174135_pone-0023914-g004_108723.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Immunohistochemical stainings for WNT5A and β-catenin activation.Immunohistochemical localization of WNT5A (A) and non-phospho (Ser33/37/Thr41) β-catenin (B) in spontaneous breathing animals (1A–B), animals ventilated with low VT (2A–B) and animals ventilated with high VT (3A–B, 4B). Red-pink color indicates positive staining (3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole) for WNT5A and total β-catenin proteins; blue/violet indicates nuclei counterstained with hematoxylin. WNT5A staining was found in lung septa (large arrows) and non-phospho (Ser33/37/Thr41) β-catenin staining was found in the nuclei of different cell types in lung septa (short arrows). Strong immunostaining for WNT5A was also observed in the high VT rat group. Panels show a ×400 magnification and 4B panel shows a ×1000 magnification of panel 3B. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4620594_Fig5_437453.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Differentiation assay. a Chondrogenic (Alcian blue, 20× magnification) and (b) adipogenic (Oil red O, 20× magnification) differentiation of AD-, BM-, and CBF-MSCs. Yellow arrows show intracellular lipidic vacuoles that are representative of adipogenic induction. Magnification: 20×. Scale bar: 40 μm. AD-MSC adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cell, BM-MSC bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell, CBF-MSC cortical bone fragment |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gljs4kv071ugpko5fhz.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3938464_pone-0089056-g001_270552.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Surface CCR5 conformation localization within U87.CD4.CCR5-GFP cells.Representative images from (A-D) U87.CD4.CCR5-GFP or (E-H) 293-Affinofile cells stained with the indicated CCR5 MAbs (red). CCR5 MAb 45531 exhibited a more punctate staining pattern than other MAbs. Total is expressed by CCR5-GFP (green) and is demonstrated by fluorescence on surface and internal cellular compartments. Images are displayed as middle Z sections. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4132064_pone-0105118-g006_313331.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | The change of EGFP-labeled rMSCs after stereotactic injection into the striatum of PD rats.(A) Cells were injected into the striatum through needle passage with microsyringe. (B–E) The fluorescence intensity in Lv-PSPN-MSCs group is stronger than Lv-null-MSCs group no matter in the first week or second week. Over a period of 4 weeks following grafting, EGFP-labeled rMSCs could be detected at various locations. rMSCs could be detected within the striatum (F) while others had already attached either to the contralateral striatum (G), periventricular regions (H–I) and cerebral cortex (J). Single cells even exhibit processes resembling neuronal morphologies (K). Scale bar = 200 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4477933_pone.0130906.g001_399216.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | MV geometric information from the 3D TEE data of a patient with ruptured posterior chordae tendineae.(top) Volumetric en-face view of the MV, and (bottom) cross-sectional images of the annulus and leaflets in the antero-posterior (A-P) and anterolateral-posteromedial (Al-Pm) planes. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4609365_fig8_434352.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Scaffold morphology after seeding. (a) and (d) 48 hrs after seeding. (b) and (e) 72 hrs after seeding. (c) and (f) 192 hrs after seeding ((a)–(c) 1 mL well volume; (d)–(f) 2 mL well volume). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3157673_fig2_105517.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | CMR in a patient with ischaemic cardiomyopathy. The cine imaging had shown normal wall thickness throughout but septal akinesis. (a) First pass perfusion sequence following administration of vasodilator stress with adenosine. A defect is seen throughout the septum. (b) Almost full thickness LGE is seen in the septum highly suggestive that this area is nonviable. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4381510_Fig6_373890.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image |
GLPG0187 inhibits progression of established bone metastasis. (A) Bioluminescent imaging at week 6 of two representative mice injected with MDA-MB-231 cells and administered with vehicle or GLPG0187 (100 mg/kg) weekly. (B) Representative radiographic images illustrating GLPG0187 (100 mg/kg) efficacy on associated osteolytic lesions in this mouse model of human breast cancer bone metastasis. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3063345_F0010_90975.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Three-dimensional sonoanatomy of the supraclavicular scans. (1) Subclavian artery, (2) brachial plexus, (3) first rib, (4) pleura/lung |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3723491_pcbi-1003128-g004_220058.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Expression and anatomical properties of Clique I.(A) Maximal-intensity projection of the sum of normalized expressions of genes in this clique highlight regions in the cerebellum. (B) The expression fittings in these regions are higher than expected by chance (P = 0.00002, based on 100,000 random permutations). The brain regions of the ABA at 200 micron resolutions (one dot per region on the figure) are grouped into the following main regions: COR (cerebral cortex), OLF (olfactory areas), Hi (hippocampal region), RHi (Retrohippocampal region), STR (striatum), PAL (pallidum), THA (thalamus), HYP (hypoyhalamus), MID,(midbrain), PON (pons), MED (medulla), CER (cerebellum). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4067753_fig7s2_300598.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Anatomical organization of the striatonigral pathway.(Upper panels) Two cre-dependent AAVs driving the expression of different fluorescent protein transgene (indicated in top labels) was injected into the medial (green) and lateral (red) aspect of the striatum in Drd1a-cre mice. (Lower panels) Axonal fibers were found in the SN. The axon termination zones showed strong fluorescence and were largely non-overlapping for injections at the striatal extrema.
DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02397.017
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splits/sfolder_2/PMC3945006_pone-0090829-g003_272339.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | MR images acquired using susceptibility-weighted gradient echo sequence showing the liver (upper row) and the spleen and kidneys (lower row) pre-injection (−1 h) and at 2 hours and 7 days post-injection of either free SPIO or SPIO labeled M2 macrophages in control mice groups (a).Contrast-to-noise (CNR) variation during the 7 days follow-up study for the spleen (left side) and the liver (right side) before and after intravenous injection of either free SPIO, SPIO labeled M1 or M2 macrophages in control and COPD animal groups (b). Error bars are standard deviation of triplicates. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3926280_fig2_267496.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Thapsigargin impairs actin cytoskeleton organizations in A549 cells. The reductions of F-actin fibers by thapsigargin (1 nM, 100 nM, and 1 μM for 6 and 24 h) treatments were shown by immunostaining. Red fluorescence is indicated by Rhodamine-phalloidin probes, green by RhoA antibody, and blue by DAPI. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4305286_pone.0114285.g002_352745.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Gross morphological features of astroglia-like cells in culture during acute exposure to cocaine.Cells were treated with PBS (control) (A) and 2–4 mM cocaine (B-D) for 1h. Optical images are of crystal violet stained cells taken with an inverted phase contrast IX-70 Olympus microscope with a 40x objective. Note the conspicuous cocaine-induced vacuoles in the cytoplasm (B-D). Scale bar: 50 μm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2539.jpg | Is liver present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3970353_fig2_277611.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | (a) Axial T2W of thoracic spinal cord and (b) sagittal T2W of thoracic spinal cord demonstrating intramedullary central T2 hyperintensity which extends from T2 to T10 level. (c) Coronal FLAIR demonstrating hyperintensity along the walls of the lateral and third ventricles, brainstem, and lateral geniculate bodies; on T1 postcontrast imaging (d) mild enhancement is noticed along the walls of the lateral ventricles. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4610217_BIO012260F1_434574.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | C. elegans feed on MAH.
C. elegans were seeded onto NGM plates supplemented with FUdR (400 μM) and seeded with live MAH (C,D) or heat-killed MAH (B) each containing a fluorescent red marker. Worms were fed on E. coli OP50 with the fluorescent red marker for 24 h as a processing and image control (A). Worms were allowed to feed for 1 (A-C) or 5 days (D) at which time worms were collected, washed, and mounted on glass slides for microscopic observation. Images are representative of 20 worms visualized per experiment and independently repeated 5 times. All images are shown at 400× magnification; scale bars are 50 μm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_14298.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | CT image from SPECT/CT demonstrating marked degenerative arthrosis at right L5/S1 facet (white arrow). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_65805.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | The lateral perspective. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3466242_pone-0046112-g004_159360.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Co-localization of Tex1 with SBP1.P27-specific polyclonal rabbit sera was used to detect Tex1 (red). Co-localization was performed using SBP1 polyclonal mouse sera (green). Co-localization was performed in ring (A) trophozoite (B) and schizont stage (C) infected RBCs. Nuclear DNA was stained with DAPI (blue), Transmission image (DIC), Scale bar: 5 µm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4585251_F2_427561.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | The subcellular localization and transcriptional activation analysis of pepper CaNAC2. (A) The subcellular localization of pepper CaNAC2 in onion epidermal cells. The fused pBI221-GFP-CaNAC2 and pBI221-GFP constructs were introduced into onion epidermal cells by biolistic bombardment. The GFP signals were observed under confocal microscope; (B) Transcriptional activation analysis of CaNAC2 in yeast strain AH109. CaNAC2 represents the fusion protein of the GAL4 DNA-binding domain and CaNAC2; pGBKT7 was used as control. The culture solution of the transformed yeast was streaked on SD/-Leu/-Trp medium and SD/-Ade/-His/-Leu/-Trp medium. The plates were incubated for 3 days. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_11002.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | An axial cone-beam computed tomography reconstruction showing thinning of the buccal cortex and the lingual location of the depression on the left ramus (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3977844_pone-0093172-g006_279196.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Verhoff's van Gieson staining for elastic fibres (black) on virgin (anterior), parous (posterior) and pregnant (posterior) vaginal tissues.The white arrows on the full thickness images A, D, G denote the region where the higher magnification images were taken in the lamina propria (B, E, H) and deep muscularis (C, F, I). The green arrows indicate regions of elastic fibres. Scale bars 500 µm (full thickness images) and 50 µm (high magnification images). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic55176.jpg | what type of image modality is seen? | cta - ct angiography |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3295379_fig3_128486.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Histopathological section of skin biopsy. Nonnecrotizing granuloma with several multinucleated giant cells and epitheliod histiocytes can be seen. Hematoxylin-eosin ×250. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3935567_F3_269591.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Intercellular localization of OsAMT1;1 protein, investigated in onion epidermal cells expressing GFP::OsAMT1;1 fusions together with plasma membrane-localized red fluorescent protein (pRTL2-RFP ARC3). (A) RFP fused to the plasma membrane in successfully transformed onion epidermal cells. (B) GFP-dependent fluorescence in the plasma membrane of onion epidermal cells. (C) Merged picture of A and B showing co-localization of RFP and GFP. (D) Brightfield micrograph of the onion epidermal cell. Bar=50 μM. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3854009_F2_249709.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | MRI of the penis. A) T2 weighted image shows a ipointense tissue sorrounding the left corpus spongiosum (arrow) and arising dorsal and ventral side of tunica albuginea; Buck’s fascia was also involved on the left side (arrowhead). B) Unenhanced axial T1-weighted MR image showing hypointense nodular lesions (arrows) on the left corpus spongiosum with irregular margins. C-D) Sagittal and axial T1-weighted MR images with fat signal suppression, after Gadolinum injection, show slight enhancement of the corrisponding tissue on A and B, as we expected on predominant fibrous matrix. None involvement of perivisceral fat was noted. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_endocrine/train_1471.jpg | Does this image show adrenal, cortical adenoma non-functional? | yes |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1590.jpg | Does parathyroid show small intestine, ischemic bowel? | no |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3290572_pone-0032636-g001_127815.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | MRI reveals volume changes between Cplx1−/− and Cplx1+/+ mice.Coronal (A, B), horizontal (D, E) and sagittal (E, F) MR images of Cplx1−/− and Cplx1+/+ mouse brains. Volume changes can be seen in the corpus callosum (Cc), the olfactory bulbs are smaller (OB), internal capsule (Ic) and cerebellum (CB). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4520483_pone.0133921.g004_410770.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | GRE comparison scans.0.25 × 0.25 × 2 mm gradient echo with motion correction off (A) and on (B) and magnifications of the marked regions. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_liver/train_2887.jpg | Is hepatobiliary present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4302849_F5_352255.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Chloroplast subcellular localization of KcCSD. Determined by transient expression of GFP alone (vector control; A–C) and a fusion KcCSD-GFP protein (KcCSD-GFP; D–F) in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Green fluorescence of GFP (A,D) and red auto-fluorescence of chlorophyll (B,E) were monitored separately using a confocal laser scanning microscope, and the two color fluorescence images (C,F) were merged. Bars = 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4323654_f4_357233.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Experiment results of imaging the numbers behind a ground glass by using the on-axis holography.(a), Photographs of the numbers to be imaged behind a ground glass. (b), Photographs of the numbers behind a ground glass when they are illuminated directly by a He-Ne laser beam. (c), Photographs of the numbers when they are illuminated through the ground glass by a conjugated light produced by the corresponding hologram of each number. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3042418_F2_87740.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Microscopical analysis of EpCAM localization. Confocal microscopy of generated and endogeneously EpCAM overexpressing cell lines as well as vector controls revealed an increase of EpCAM membraneous staining with cell density. Cells with a cytosolic distribution could be observed in cultures of low confluence. Actin staining with phalloidin revealed slight changes of the actin cyctoskeleton formation upon EpCAM expression. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic17848.jpg | what plane is this x-ray in? | pa |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_58281.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Orthopantamograph revealing reconstructing plate bridging the segmental defect |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3085225_F0002_94124.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | (a, b, c and a1, b1, c1): The preoperative (a, b, c) MRI of the brain compared with the postoperative MRI (a1, b1, c1). (a, a1) T2W axial images; (b, b1) axial T1W post-contrast enhancement images; (c, c1) post-contrast enhanced sag T1W images. The lesion was variegated in appearance, multicystic and revealed post-contrast enhancement. The posterior and lateral recesses of the fourth ventricle were displaced superiorly. The block arrows delineate the lesion in a–c. The thin white arrows in a1 and b1 demonstrate the postoperative cavity. The dashed arrow in c1 reveals a small residue at the floor of the fourth ventricle |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4461262_pone.0129381.g005_394896.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | CCL2 does not induce pore formation in the intestinal apical plasma membrane.(A-C) C. elegans L4 larvae expressing PGP-1::GFP were fed on control (empty vector pQE30) (A), Cry21A- (B) or CCL2- (C) expressing E. coli for 24 h, transferred into wells containing propidium iodide (PI; red) for 2 h and observed using confocal microscopy. Cry21A is a pore-forming toxin of B. thuringiensis [31]. PI entered the intestinal cytoplasm of Cry21A-fed (B), but not of control- (A) or CCL2- (C) fed animals. Scale bar: 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3423073_F4_150791.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Microglial podosomes are enriched in phosphotyrosine and the Src substrate Tks5. Deconvolved, color-separated and merged images of entire podonuts are shown in the upper panels, and the boxed areas are shown magnified and color-separated below. Scale bar: 5 μm (upper), 2 μm (lower). (A) Immunostaining for phosphotyrosine residues (pTyr, red) is enriched in the F-actin-rich podonut (labeled with phalloidin, green). At higher magnification, some co-localization is seen. (B) Immunostaining shows tyrosine kinase substrate with five Src homology 3 domains (Tks5; green) in microglia podosomes together with the ring marker talin (red). The small punctae of Tks5 are often adjacent to the talin staining. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3804443_fig2_238746.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Plain radiographies of the right (a) and left knee (b) after closed reduction and MIPO using two 4.5 mm LCP t-plates placed at the anteromedial aspect of the tibia. Growth plates were bridged. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4300860_F4_351521.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Tractography results for one control and one amusic individual, for each tractography algorithm. Results are presented at no thresholding, threshold of 10, and threshold of 100, overlaid on the standard MNI template (thresholding scale from 0 to 24500). L, left, x = −38; R, right, x = 38. In this sample control individual, fiber tracking failed in the right hemisphere for the 1-fiber model, and in both hemispheres in the deterministic model. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3785352_f1-ccrep-1-2008-113_234115.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | An upper endoscopic examination reveals that there were no abnormal findings of the esophagus, including a mucosal break, hiatal hernia, and whitish mucosa. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qx1fff0832dezz6pwk.jpg | How many findings are present? | 1 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4297356_fig07_350961.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | DnaK2/3 localisation in Synechocystis. Confocal fluorescence micrographs showing chlorophyll fluorescence (first column), GFP fluorescence (second column), chlorophyll (red):GFP (green) overlay (third column) and located puncta in red (fourth column). DnaK2–gfp cells under low light (LL) (A–D) and after high light (HL) exposure for 30 min (E–H). DnaK3–gfp cells under low light (LL) (I–L) and after high light (HL) exposure for 30 min (M–P). Scale bar: 5 microns. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4253620_Fig2_341180.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. |
Follow-up chest CT at 5 months of age. A: There was uniform rim calcification of multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinum (black arrows). B: Dense mass-like consolidation of the bilateral lower lobe of the lungs remained, with multiple fine spots of calcification (star). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3168383_fig2_107533.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Microscopic examination revealing sheets of benign polygonal cells arranged in three-dimensional plates lined with sinusoids on two sides. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3917325_F3_265294.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Immunohistochemical staining of syndecan 2 in NETs. (A,D,G,J) Normal tissue from colon (A), lung (D), small intestine (G), and gastric transitional mucosa (J). (B,E,H,K) Well-differentiated NETs from colon (B), lung (E), small intestine (H), and pancreas (K). (C,F,I,L) Poorly differentiated NETs from colon (C), lung (F), stomach (I), and pancreas (L). Syndecan 2 antibody marks normal epithelial cells, namely intracryptic cells, with faint cytoplasmic staining. The marking is enhanced in low degree NETs, decreasing in those NETs with the highest degree of malignancy (neuroendocrine carcinomas). Magnification 200×. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4667267_f5_449576.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Overexpression of PuICE1 conferred enhanced cold tolerance in tomato.(A–C) Plant phenotype of tomato wild type (WT) and transgenic plants (TG8 and TG10) before and after cold treatment for 3 d at 4 °C, followed by recovery growth for 5 d at ambient environment. (D–F) Plant phenotype of tomato wild type (WT) and transgenic plants (TG8 and TG10) before and after cold treatment for 3 d at 2 °C, followed by recovery growth for 5 d at ambient environment. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1291371_F1_3915.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Representative images of histology (H&E) (first row) and immunohistochemical detection of 3-NT (second row), 4-HNE (third row) and DNP (fourth row) in the renal cortex of the four groups of rats studied: Control (CT), thyroidectomized (HTX), ischemia and reperfusion (IR) and HTX+IR (100× magnification). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4036499_F6_292385.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Scanning electron photomicrograph of a cross-section of a barley grain and seedling depicting starch granule degradation at the embryo–endosperm junction. Pre-germinated dry grain at ×4000 magnification (A–C) and at ×10 000 magnification (D–F). 2 d of germination at ×4000 magnification (G–I) and at ×10 000 magnification (J–L). Scale bars of 2 μm and 10 μm are indicated for ×4000 and ×10 000 magnification, respectively. A, D, G, and J are from the WT; B, E, H and K are from the HP line; and C, F, I, and L are from the AO line. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4015836_F5_287192.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Images from a first-pass gadolinium-enhanced myocardial perfusion MRI study, here taken at the moment when the contrast agent first enters the right ventricle (RV) (a), then the left ventricle (LV) (b), and finally, perfuses the LV myocardium (c). Note, the hypointense region in the perfused myocardium (c) indicates a reduction in blood flow. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3596098_F5_191341.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | SEM images of natural (a) gecko setae, (b) a lotus leaf with hierarchical roughness, and (c) the hairy structure of lady’s mantle leaf. SEM images of synthetic setae made of micropatterned aligned carbon nanotubes where they act as spatulas (d-f). Adapted with permission from [66]. Copyright 2008 American Chemical Society. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC1334210_F5_4377.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Lymphoid follicles in the lungs upon air or cigarette smoke exposure. Photomicrographs of lymphoid follicles in lungs of air- and cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed wild type mice and scid mice at 6 months (magnification × 100). (A)-(E) B220 staining (brown = B220 positive cells): (A) air-exposed wild type mice, (B) CS-exposed wild type mice, (C) air-exposed scid mice, (D) CS-exposed scid mice and (E) CS-exposed wild type mice (magnification × 200). (F) CD3/B220 staining (brown = CD3 positive cells; blue = B220 positive cells): CS-exposed wild type mice. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv89090074ybpe91eco.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3283475_F5_126509.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Histological analysis of tumor specimen. Hematoxylin and eosin staining (magnification × 100) in excised tumor tissues were conducted after treatment with different mixtures by intratumoral injection. Cell necrosis and hemorrhage with leukocyte infiltration in the tumors were observed from Group I to IV. No obvious pathological changes were shown from Group V to VIII. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3317064_fig1_132313.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Endoscopic ultrasound image showing the cyst in pancreatic body. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4502320_Fig5_406023.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | 3-D volume projections of SPECT/CT scans taken 24 h p.i. of 100 μg 111In-anti-F4/80-A3-1 in mice with orthotopic MDA-MB-231 tumour xenografts. Visible are tumour (tu), liver (li), spleen (sp) and kidneys (ki) |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4162680_figure4_319876.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Image of papillary lesion and preoperative marking. A. Dilated milk duct with hypoechoic content. B. Marking on ultrasound lesion to be dried up. C and D Metal guide in mammographic projections LCC and LML. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2928807_ppat-1001070-g003_72242.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Effect of nikkomycin Z on the growth of S. monoica mycelium.(A) Colony growth at different concentrations of nikkomycin Z (NZ) after 2 days of culture on PDA medium. (B) As in (A) but after 5 days of culture. (C) Microscopic observations of S. monoica mycelium grown in the presence of 50 µM nikkomycin Z showing cell death by tip bursting (the insert shows a magnification of a bursting tip). (D) Close view of a swollen tip. (E) Observation of the same cell as in (D) but after one additional hour of growth. A deformation of the cell wall resulting from the initial tip swelling remained in this surviving cell (arrows). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3553106_pone-0054830-g005_180981.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Localisation and expression of BCL6 and HMGB1.
(A) Representative images of BCL6 positive cells (brown staining) in the stroma in the vicinity of PanIN lesions are shown in the top two panels (both magnified ×100); two bottom images show inflammatory infiltrate with BCL6 immunoreactive cells in two PDAC cases (magnification ×100 and ×50, respectively). (B) HMGB1 nuclear expression (brown staining) was seen in all pancreatic compartments, including stromal immune infiltrate: top panels show PanIN-1 (left) and -2 (right) (magnification ×50, insert and second panel x100); bottom panels show PanIN-3 (left) and PDAC (right) (magnification ×100 and ×50, respectively). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/outside_leg/train_1958.jpg | Are x-ray intramyocardial arteries present? | no |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3009660_F1_82172.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Computed tomography, showing the cystic lesion posterior and left lateral to the middle rectum. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4475538_fig11_398542.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Orthopantomogram of the jaws three weeks after the injury. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1939707_F3_12666.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | CECT (left) and delayed phase FDG-PET/CT fusion images (right) of a 42 year old female with lung carcinoma showing FDG uptake in periportal/peripancreatic lymph nodes not clearly demonstrated on CECT. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3522527_F2_173035.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Effect of CPV in Homo sapiens skin keratinocyte (HEK001) ATCC CRL-2404™ cell monolayer. (a), normal HEK001 keratinocyte cell monolayer; (b), HEK001 keratinocyte cell monolayer treated with equal volume of DMSO used in CPV treatment; (c), HEK001 keratinocyte cell monolayer exhibiting cytotoxic effect caused by SDS (25 μg/mL); (d), HEK001 keratinocyte cell monolayer treated with 0.1% CPV; (e), HEK001 keratinocyte cell monolayer treated with 0.2% CPV. Magnification , x400 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3278460_pone-0031576-g002_125501.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Subcellular localization of cell permeable Tre in transduced HeLa cells.Cellular uptake and localization of the indicated recombinant fusion proteins were studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy in HeLa cells. HeLa cells were exposed for 5 h to 1 µM of the various Tre-recombinases. Subsequently, the respective cell cultures were washed twice with PBS and PBS containing 0.5 mg per ml heparin for 5 min each. Nuclei were stained with Draq5 (blue label), Tre-recombinases (green label) with a primary polyclonal anti-Tre and secondary Cy2-labeled antibodies. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/outside_leg/train_2606.jpg | What ecchymoses with necrotic and ulcerated centers looks like pyoderma gangrenosum? | view of knee at autopsy |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3540092_pone-0053313-g003_177752.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | P16INK4A siRNA knockdown.HeLa cells were transfected with targeting siRNA duplexes 403 and 817, and non-targeting siRNA control duplex AllStars or Lipofectamine 2000 alone. 72 hours post-knockdown cells were fixed and double-labelled with the anti-p16INK4a antibodies (green) H-156, JC8, F-12 and with the TGN46 antibody (red) along with the appropriate secondary AlexaFluor antibodies. Images were separately recorded in the red and green by immunofluorecsence confocal microscopy and merged. Magnification bar = 20 µm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3766223_F1_230281.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Case 1, axial slices of CT scans performed in 2003 and 2006 showing calculus development over time. Double-oblique MPR of the CT scan performed in 2011 at hospitalization, with delineation of the cholecystoduodenal fistula, the duodenal diverticula and the shifted gallstone. Retrieved gall stone on the right. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3857525_F1_250493.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Patients’ MRI scans. A representative axial slice (at approximate MNI Z-level of 22) of FLAIR images for each patient is shown. Images are in neurological convention (left is left). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_02382.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Ultrasound examination of case 1. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3885687_pone-0085163-g004_257522.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | BOLD activation for the group during the pre-exercise fMRI (left).BOLD activation for the group after exercise (middle). The main task effect z-stat maps are shown as the red to yellow colour scale. The left parietal operculum was identified as significantly different on the paired session effect as seen on the blue colour scale z-stat map (right). Images are shown in radiological convention. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4176721_pone-0107979-g004_322852.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Increased demyelination in CSC-treated mice at day 14.Frozen sections of spinal cords were isolated from vehicle (saline/DMSO) and CSC-treated mice at day 14 and day 28 of EAE. Eriochrome cyanine (A) or fluoromyelin (B) was used to visualize demyelination. Areas of demyelination are indicated by diminished fluorescence; boxed regions are shown at higher magnification. (C) Demyelinated areas from (B) were measured using ImageJ and calculated based on equation listed in Methods (n = 4, *p<0.05). The levels of demyelination at day 14 in saline- or nicotine-infused spinal cords are also shown for comparison. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2975711_pone-0015454-g004_78162.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Voluntary and spontaneous regulation in the medial wall.Contrast emotional vs. neutral in the instructed and spontaneous group separately (left), and in the interaction (right) in the medial wall (x = −7 mm), overlaid on a standard template brain. In the interaction, in light blue are increases of perfusion due to the presence of emotional words in the spontaneous group relative to the instructed group. PC: precuneus/posterior cingulate; MPFC: perigenual medial prefrontal cortex. Maps of t values were thresholded for illustration purposes at p≤0.05, uncorrected. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4131904_pone-0104479-g003_313280.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | KCASP1Tg and KIL-18Tg(+) mice developed arteriosclerosis with impaired peripheral blood circulation.
A) H and E staining of aorta sections revealed stenosis in 6-months old KCASP1Tg and 18-months old KIL-18Tg(+) mice. EVG staining revealed no significant changes in terms of periaortic lesions or elastic fibers. B) Enhanced CT scans revealed the presence of aortic stricture in KCASP1Tg and KIL-18Tg(+) mice. C) The aorta diameter in KCASP1Tg and KIL-18Tg(+) mice was decreased compared to normal control and KIL-18Tg(−) mice (n = 6, each group). D) Three-dimensional CT images showed the presence of aortic stenosis in KCASP1Tg and KIL-18Tg(+) mice. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3176244_F3_109107.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Immunhistological analysis of HB tumours. Images show staining of Haematoxilin and Eosin (A-D), detection of Ki-67 (E-H) and Tunel assay (I-L). For each representative samples of controls (A, E, I), paclitaxel (B, F, J), ABT-737 (C, G, K) and combination (D, H, L) are provided. Combined treatment using paclitaxel and ABT-737 reveals high tissue damage and a low proliferation index. Multiple picnotic nuclei denote necrotic tissue destruction. Brown staining shows Ki-67 positive cells. Bright green fluorescences are apoptotic cells. Nuclear staining was done by Hematoxylin and DAPI, respectively. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_60687.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Modified four-chamber apical view showing an oval (1.1 × 0.9 cm in size) mass having refractive appearance with echolucent areas on the septal leaflet of tricuspid vlave. LA = left atrium; RA = right atrium; LV = left ventricle; RV = right ventricle. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvp911w074yg2mdg20e.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_44277.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Condition after 6 months of grafting |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4562987_Fig1_421880.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Computed tomography performed on admission. a, b Low-density area with air density detected in segment 8 of the liver (arrow). c The arrow shows air density in the middle hepatic vein. We determined that the abscess had ruptured into the middle hepatic vein |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic35803.jpg | is this a t1 weighted, t2 weighted, or flair image? | t1 |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3877598_fig2_255510.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Abdominal CT scanning on day 19 (day 15 after symptoms) showing severely dilated small bowel and characteristic intussusception features: “target lesion” or “doughnut sign” and sausage-shaped mass. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4207948_F2_330142.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | PBF and NIS colocalization in multiple cell lines. A, Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrating MYC-tagged NIS (green) localization in COS-7, HCT116, VCaP, Saos-2, SW1736, TPC1, K1, LNCaP, T47D, and A2780 cells. Bars, 20 μm. B, Confocal microscopy demonstrating PBF-HA (red) and NIS-MYC (green) expression, detected using anti-HA and anti-MYC antibodies, respectively, with specific colocalization (yellow) observed predominantly within intracellular vesicles. Bars, 20 μm. C, Confocal images of PBF pY174 (red) and NIS-MYC (blue) localization, determined using anti-pY174 and anti-MYC antibodies, respectively, in TPC1, K1, LNCaP, T47D, and A2780 cells. Specific colocalization is represented in magenta. Bars, 20 μm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3759308_f1_228437.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | 54-year-old woman with pT4N1 rectal cancer. Two observers staged the tumor as T3N2 in the preoperative MR imaging.
a- T2-weighted sagittal MR image shows the tumor.
b- T2-weighted para-axial MR image shows the tumor with nodularextramural invasion and perirectal lymph node metastasis.
c- On T2-weighted para-axial MR image, the distance betweeninvolved lymph node and mesorectal fascia was more than 1 mm andCRM was defined as uninvolved. But histopathologically CRM wasdefined as involved.d- T2-weighted para-coronal MR image shows the tumor and lymph nodes. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4509555_f0015_407895.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Confocal microscopy imaging of the cellular uptake of Cy3- labeled DNA (2.5 μg/well) either complexed with DAB-LF, DAB-LFC, DAB or in solution, after incubation for 24 h with A431 (left), B16-F10 (middle) and T98G cells (right). Blue: nuclei stained with DAPI (excitation: 405 nm laser line, bandwidth: 415-491 nm), green: Cy3-labeled DNA (excitation: 543 nm laser line. bandwidth: 550-620 nm) (Bar: 10 μm). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3366246_fig1_140348.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | White matter damage in the human preterm brain is characterized by microscopic foci of necrosis and diffuse reactive gliosis, microglial activation, and axonal damage. (a) Camera lucida drawing of the distribution of microcysts (*) and axonal fragments (arrows) in the posterior frontal white matter (level of the body of the corpus callosum [CC]). In the white matter distant from periventricular foci of necrosis is reactive gliosis, as demonstrated by the immunomarker glial fibrillary acidic protein (b), microglial activation, as demonstrated by the immunomarker CD68 (c), and axonal injury, as demonstrated by the immunomarker fraction (d). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_58914.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | The outer head is set adequately in the acetabulum. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4147081_Fig1_316026.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision |
Indirect regeneration of
Tylophora indica
. A. Callus induced from the leaf and further regeneration of shoots. B. Shoot organogenesis from callus on MS medium along with BAP (2.0 mg l-1) and IBA (0.5 mg l-1). C. In vitro elongation of shoots on TDZ (0.1 mg l-1) and further root induction on 1/2 MS medium with IBA (0.5 mg l-1). D. Hardening in the plant growth chamber. E. Hardened plants in thermocol cups. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3348009_F7_136930.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Loss of PPARγ expression in dermal fibroblasts does not appreciably affect skin homeostasis. WT (C/C) and PPARγ KO (K/K) skin samples at four months (C/C: N = 5; K/K: N = 6) after tamoxifen injection were examined (original magnification × 10, bar = 100 μm). (A) H & E and (B) trichrome staining. PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4247923_fig2_340321.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Characteristic microscopic appearance of carcinoid tumour. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2685374_F2_38881.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Tumor promoters induce rapid disassembly of epithelial tight junctions and adherens junctions. Confluent HPAF-II cell monolayers were treated for 5 h with either vehicle, OI-V, or TPA (each, 1 μM). Localization of AJ proteins (E-cadherin, β-catenin) and TJ proteins (occludin, ZO-1) was determined by fluorescence labeling and confocal microscopy. Both tumor promoters induce translocation of AJ and TJ proteins from the areas of cell-cell contact into cytosol (arrows). Bar, 20 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3936001_pone-0090045-g002_269827.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Representative pancreas immunochemistry in 4-month-old male Wistar (A–G) and GK (H–N) rats.Serial staining (brown) for: (A, H) insulin (β-cell marker), (B, I) glucagon+somatostatin+pancreatic polypeptide cocktail (non-β cell marker), (C, J) α-amylase (acinar cell marker), and (D, K, and F–G, M–N) REG-1. For REG-1 labeling, we used the monoclonal anti-rat REG-1 antibody from Hiroshi Okamoto (Japan). REG-1 negative controls are shown in (E, L). In (F–G) and (M–N), the border of islets is defined by the red dashed line. In Fig. 2N, “d” means “duct”. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvi90rk074y33d3eh97.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 0 |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4620260_fig3_437336.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Third percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI#3). (a) Baseline coronary angiography (CAG). (b) CAG after third stenting. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv4902g074y9ugv9pi0.jpg | How many findings are present? | 2 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2667306_fig03_37076.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Subcellular localization of AtPSK4–YFP and AtSBT1.1–YFP.Confocal laser scanning microscope images of roots from seedlings expressing 35S:ppAtPSK4-YFP (a–c) or 35S:AtSBT1.1-YFP (d–f). (a, d) YFP fluorescence; (b, e) propidium iodide fluorescence; (c, f) merged images. Scale bars = 50 μm. |
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