image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_prostate/train_2527.jpg | Is hyperplasia median bar present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4408977_f2_380607.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | TEM images of QDs.(a) TEM image of Si QDs embedded in SiyNx after
irradiation under electron beam for 15min on amorphous Si film prepared in
nitrogen gas. (b) TEM image of Si–Yb QDs embedded in
SiyNx after irradiation under electron beam for
20min. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4446084_Fig1_390210.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | a The tumor in the left main bronchus extended up to the bifurcation of the upper and lower lobe orifices. Atelectasis of the left lung was seen. b Tumor involved the carina and proximal part of the right main bronchus. c CT showed an unobstructed airway at 19 months after the operation. d Bronchoscopy reveald an intact anastomosis, smooth mucosa |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4314747_Fig1_354711.jpg | Describe the image concisely. |
T1-weighted (left) and T2-weighted (right) images demonstrate C6-C7 with Modic-1 changes on MRI.
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splits/subfolder_3/PMC3676333_pone-0066416-g007_209794.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail |
Ex vivo histological analyses of tumor tissue sections.The H&E staining, immunohistochemical and TUNEL analyses of tumor tissue sections from the mice treated with various complexes formed at a N/P ratio of 10. In the immunohistochemical assay, the brown stains indicate Survivin or cleaved caspase-3 protein. In the TUNEL assay, the brown stains indicate apoptotic cells (×200; scale bar:100 µm; Control: the mice injected with PBS). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_02960.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Follow-up lateral radiograph of the thoracolumbar spine. The fracture site, anterosuperior portion of T11, is slightly reduced. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxve90l0074y2s336tdz.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Gastroscopy |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4141804_pone-0105762-g004_315084.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. |
125I-SI Ang II binding comparison.Comparison of 125I-SI Ang II binding in the brains of neurolysin KO and WT mouse strains in the presence of PCMB, losartan, and PD123319. Bregma +0.86 (histology) and +0.98 mm (autoradiograms) for KO, and Bregma +0.96 mm (histology and autoradiogram) sections for WT. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2374879_pone-0002142-g004_22142.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Expression and localization of total β-catenin in lung tissues of donor and IPF patients.Immunohistochemical staining was performed on tissue sections of donor (a) or IPF lungs (b). Representative pictures with focus on the bronchial (upper panel) or alveolar epithelium (lower panel) are given. Stainings are representative of two independent experiments using at least three different donor or IPF lung tissues (magnification as indicated). Arrow indicates nuclear staining of β-catenin. Arrowhead indicates positive endothelial cells. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2810460_fig10_55420.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Detection results of MCs in a dense mammogram (mdb223) using different modeling constant K
: (a) original mammogram (ROI of size 256 × 256 pixels, NMD = 0.05), (b) K = 0.25, (c) K = 0.1. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2762183_F0003_48022.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | (a) X-ray showing double arc sign, fragments displaced distally. (b) 3D CT scan showing the involvement of the lateral trochlear ridge. (c) Axial section of CT scan showing the lateral trochlear ridge fracture. (d) Lateral X-ray of the elbow showing fixation with 2.7 mm screws |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_0575.jpg | Is bone marrow in itp occluded by a thrombus containing microabscesses? | no |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4114205_F3_309494.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Functional connectivity maps are shown. Functional connectivity maps revealed by averaged time-courses from left IFG for vg vs. blank (random effect, FDR of 0.0001). Maps of functional connectivity are shown in sagittal views for all groups. The arrows point to the homolog IFG, where correlated activation with the left IFG was found for healthy controls and OCD, but not in SCH patients with and without OCD. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic26173.jpg | what is abnormal in the ct scan? | nephrolithiasis - kidney stones |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4159584_mmi12436-fig-0004_319190.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Morphogenesis of the cell posterior visualized by the tip‐tracking microtubule polymerase XMAP215.A. Detail of YFP::XMAP215 localization at the posterior of a detergent‐extracted G1 procyclic form cell.B–M. Native fluorescence of YFP::XMAP215, DAPI fluorescence and phase contrast micrographs of procyclic (B–G) and bloodstream (H–M) form cells during the cell division cycle. The cell posterior (arrowheads) and mitotic spindle (arrows) are indicated and an inset shows the structure of the forming new posterior end during cytokinesis (F, L). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3090317_F1_94792.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | A mass of right atrium: A) Parasternal short axis view by 2D TTE, B) Subxyphoid view by 2D TTE. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4350840_pone.0118704.g002_364320.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Glomerular tissue factor expression in biopsy tissues.(A) Representative tissue factor expression patterns of renal biopsy tissues as shown by immunostaining. All patients, except those with acute glomerulonephritis (AGN), had thrombinuria. (a) Crescentic glomerulonephritis (CresGN); (b) control staining of CresGN with normal mouse IgG; (c) membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis; (d) IgA nephropathy; (e) AGN; (f) minimal change glomerulopathy; (g) focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; and (h) membranous nephropathy. Mφ indicates monocytes/macrophages; Epithelial, epithelial cells; and Mesangium, mesangial areas. The broken line in (a) outlines a cellular crescent. (B) Double-staining pattern of CD68 (macrophages) and tissue factor in the CresGN glomerulus. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1pu1e37083257oa5xt6.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3741937_fig5_224340.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | One-bilayer BSA/AA film with AA in top layer. AA concentration varied as indicated in the figure. The scale has length of 100 μm. The last image corresponds to a film with a single layer of BSA. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_07285.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Computed tomography urography revealing mesh erosion into the left anterolateral wall of urinary bladder |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwy8dntk086uax50dty8.jpg | Are there any instruments in the image? | Tube |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3033899_pone-0016695-g005_86377.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Subsequent memory effects and activation of memory-related regions during reward consumption.(a) Increased BOLD response in vmPFC for remembered contrasted to forgotten predicted outcomes. (b) Contrast of predicted vs. unpredicted outcomes masked (inclusively) by the contrast of forgotten vs. remembered outcomes. (c) Increased BOLD response for rewarding compared to non rewarding outcomes in predictable blocks in vmPFC (ci), nucleus accumbens (cii), and hippocampus (ciii and civ). (d) Interaction of reward and predictability for outcomes associated with activation of the posterior hippocampus. (e) Increased BOLD response in vmPFC for remembered contrasted to forgotten predicted rewards. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2996572_F0005_80416.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Photomicrographs of sections of bone marrow, (a, b): Control group (1 × 1,200 magnification), (c, d): Therapeutically equivalent dose group (1 × 1,200 magnification), (e, f): Therapeutically equivalent dose × 5 group (1 × 1,200 magnification), (g, h): Therapeutically equivalent dose × 10 group (1 × 1,200 magnification) |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyldo90086u0s2i7vch.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4125184_pone-0104239-g004_312329.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | MRI of rabbit liver 7 d after RFA.MR T2WI (A), MR contrast enhancement (B) after RFA, no enhancement appeared in necrotic lesion. DWI ADC map image (C). Complete necrosis after RFA, but the normal crossing vascular within the necrotic tissue was visualized. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4671580_pone.0144584.g005_451138.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Immunolocalization of SjVAMP2 in S. japonicum.A, B, section of 28-day-old worm probed with anti-rSjVAMP2 mouse serum; C, D, section of 28-day-old worm probed with native mouse serum (negative control). The brown color indicates binding of the anti-rSjVAMP2 mouse serum, and the arrows show the location of the SjVAMP2 protein. The slides were analyzed by brightfield microscopy (A, C, magnification, ×100; B, D, magnification, ×400). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4356421_f1-ol-09-04-1607_366584.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Magnetic resonance images of the cystic brainstem metastasis taken one week after the onset of symptoms. The tumor was 15×12×13 mm in size (volume, 1.3 cm3) prior to the initial gamma knife radiosurgery. (A) Axial T1-weighted image; (B) axial T2-weighted, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image; (C) sagittal contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image; and (D) coronal contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image. FoV, field of view; GD-TPA, gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_11554.jpg | What is shown in this image? | 2D echocardiography parasternal short axis view at the level of great vessels: thrombus visible in pulmonary artery truncus and right branch (arrows) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4364898_pone.0118645.g001_369068.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Immunostaining of P120ctn in ESCC and esophageal epithelial tissues.A. Immunohistochemical staining showed p120ctn expressed in tumor cells (the lower left part of the figure) and normal cells (the upper right part of the figure); B. P120ctn was mainly located in tumor cell cytoplasm. C.P120ctn was mainly located in tumor cell cytomembrane. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4546599_pone.0135654.g008_416919.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Coronary artery specimen in cross-sectional (top) and longitudinal (bottom) cut planes.Absorption-contrast images (a), phase-contrast images with calcification artefact (b), and phase-contrast image using the proposed algorithm (c) are shown. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2654538_pone-0004870-g005_35929.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Paraformaldhyde fixation of fluoromycobacteriophage-infected mycobacteria.
M. smegmatis mc2155 cells were infected with phAE87::hsp60-EGFP and fluorescence detected in A, live cells, B, fixed cells and C, fixed cells after 2 weeks at 4°C. Top, fluorescence micrograph images; bottom, merge of fluorescence and phase contrast images. Scale bar, 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2659361_fig06_36298.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Demonstration of fine processes. Confocal stack images of a sagittal section showing an EGFP-positive neuron in the ventral pole of the LC (a) native EGFP fluorescence (b) GFP immunoreactivity (Cy3 labeling) produced an enhanced visualization of the fine dendritic and axonal processes of the neuron (c) overlay image; inset shows position of neuron within LC (DBH-ir AMCA, blue). Magenta-green copy available as Supplementary Figure 3. Scale bars = 80 μm, inset 100 μm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic40269.jpg | what is the organ system in this image? | skull and contents |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_1563.jpg | Where is this? | vasculature |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4648100_f2_444578.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | IVIM DW images with 12 b-values (A–L) for 0, 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1200, 1600, and 2000 s/mm2. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4260733_fig5_343013.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Morphological changes caused by ZOL and small G proteins inhibitors. (a) Microphotographs of ZOL-treated cells as indicated (magnification, × 200). (b) Structure of actin fibers in EHMES-10 cells which were treated with ZOL, 1 μg/ml C3 transferase, 5 μM GGTI-298 or 1 mM NE10790 for 24 h and were stained with Alexa Fluor 488 phalloidin (magnification, × 630) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3310833_F1_131245.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | (A, B) Computed tomography (CT) axial and coronal cuts showing the pelvic/abdominal heterogeneous mass with areas of necrosis in addition to ascites. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4389211_f2_375966.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Material characterization.SEM micrograph of (a) acid-treated MoS2 show stacked sheets with lateral dimension of 2 μm to 5 μm. (b) SEM image of SiCN/MoS2 and (c) its corresponding EDX map show presence of Mo (blue), Si (Green) and C (red) distributed in the composite. (d,e) TEM images of SiCN/MoS2 sheet composite show intact morphology of MoS2 sheets after pyrolysis. The SAED pattern in the insert corresponds to crystalline MoS2. SEM images of SiCN/MoS2 freestanding paper (f) cross-section, (g) top view and (h) corresponding EDX map. The insert in Figure (f) is an optical photograph of SiCN/MoS2 freestanding and flexible paper. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3538651_F1_177240.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Luminal A phenotype: concordant and discordant cases. Line 1: Luminal A concordant case with ER+ and c-erbB-2– (1A, 1B) in the primary tumor and ER+, cerbB-2–, CK14– (1C, 1D, 1E) in the lymph node metastases. Line 2: Discordant case with luminal A phenotype PR+, c-erbB-2– (2A, 2B) in the mammary tumor and progression to basal-like phenotype PR–, c-erbB-2–, CK14+ (2C, 2D, 2E) in the respective nodal metastasis. Line 3: Discordant case presenting in the primary mammary carcinoma luminal A phenotype ER+, c-erbB-2– (3A, 3B) and normal-like phenotype ER–, cerbB-2–, CK5/6– (200x) (3C, 3D, 3E) in the lymph node. 400x. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2553761_F3_28159.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Widespread expression of Tom-2A-GFP in transgenic embryos. An E11.5 mouse embryo transgenic for Tom-2A-GFP under the control of a CAG promoter is shown. (A) Brightfield image, (B) Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fluorescence and (C) TdTomato fluorescence. EGFP and TdTomato can be seen to be expressed throughout the embryo. Fluorescence intensity of both EGFP and TdTomato is higher in regions of relatively greater tissue density. The scale bar in (A) represents 1 mm and applies to all panels. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3350465_pone-0036752-g001_137660.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Level of 8-OHG was elevated in rat hippocampus exposed to cigarette smoking.Brain sections were stained with anti-8-OHG antibody to detect the level of oxidative stress. Representative photos were selected from the control group (a and c) and the smoking group (b and d), magnification, 100X. An enlarged photo of the CA3 region of the smoking group was shown in (e), magnification, 400X. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_17198.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Venography shows femoral vein thrombolysis and vessel patency 4 days after thrombolysis CDT via the small saphenous veins. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3027672_pone-0016569-g001_85583.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Brain regions showing a positive correlation (yellow) between expressive suppression of emotions and grey matter volume.The dmPFC (MNI coordinate 13 52 32) showed a significant correlation (p<0.001, corrected for multiple comparisons by means of Monte Carlo simulation) (A). Clusters of significant fMRI activation in previous studies during voluntary suppression of action (left: −2 41 37, right: −7 42 21) (B). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3329534_pone-0034965-g001_134428.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | PTX3 is increased in human allergic asthma.Positive PTX3-immunoreactivity is shown from representative bronchial biopsies of healthy control (A), mild (C), moderate (E), and severe (G) asthma subjects. No staining was observed in isotype-matched control mAbs in corresponding biopsies (B, D, F, or H). The scores of PTX3 immunoreactivity is shown (I). ###P<0.001 all allergic asthmatic groups vs healthy control; *P<0.05, **P<0.01 each asthmatic subgroup vs healthy control. (Original magnifications ×100). Red staining indicates PTX3 expression. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2734933_fig1_44581.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | (a) T2-weighted MRI showing marked hydrocephalus, T1-weighted contrast enhanced MRI reveals a small lesion tumor at the cranial end of the aqueduct in axial (b) and sagittal view (c) and TRUFI sequences (sagittal thin T2-weighted images, (d)). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4348539_pone.0118983.g002_363743.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Effect of Zn++-enrichment on the rate of STb toxin activity.Cells grown in calcium-free and zinc-enriched (1.8 mM) media were compared after 6 and 24 h. Confocal microscopy was used to analyze the distribution of actin filaments stained with FITC-phalloidin. Zinc-enriched medium had no visible effect on the actin organization whereas in zinc-enriched medium STb provoked actin condensation after 24 h. In calcium-free medium, actin condensation was observed only after 24 h (Data not shown) Bar, 30 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4683968_Fig1_454439.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Histology (haematoxylin and eosin stain) of the renal biopsy of case 1 showing acute oxalate induced tubulo-interstitial nephritis. Tubules are blocked by oxalate crystals (black arrows). The crystals show polarization with polarizing light (inset). The interstitium shows moderate numbers of lymphocytes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3994628_fig-11_282775.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Cell viability: 4% PLLA scaffolds.Photomicrographs of 4% PLLA coated PGA constructs harvested on day 21, under standard light (column A) and under laser confocal microscopy (column B), using the calcein AM-ethidium homodimer live-dead assay. Images represent scaffold transverse cross sections (row T) and scaffold surface coronal sections (row C). Green stained cells are alive, red stained cells are dead. Note the spurious red staining of PGA fibers. 10× objective magnification; bar = 100 μm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4478442_F6_399344.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Interactions between the fluorescently labeled LCA lectin and the strains RB51 and RB51WbkA are visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The bacterial cells are stained with TRITC-labeled LCA lectin (red) in the absence of the target carbohydrate, or preincubated with 3 mg/ml mannose or 100 mg/ml mannose, prior to staining. DAPI (blue) was used to stain the bacterial nuclei. Selected differential interference contrast (DIC) images (left panel) and fluorescent images (middle panels) merged are shown (right panel). All images were acquired using the same settings and adjusted for display using the same brightness/contrast settings. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4189742_Fig2_326166.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. |
Micrographic and morphology of unfractionated WS: a1) × 5 and a2) × 25, Positively charged fractions: b1) × 5 and b2) × 25, and negatively charged fractions c1) × 5 and c2) × 25. WS: Wheat straw. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4340936_pone.0117029.g004_362429.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Task-related modulation in BOLD signal during the high-load condition relative to the baseline of the attention task.A. Color on the brain images shows task-related increases and decreases in BOLD signal as revealed by GLM-based analyses. The color bar indicates t values. B1, B2, and B3. Color on the brain images shows regions covered by positive, negative, and neutral ICs, respectively. The color bar indicates number of overlapping ICs. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4196452_F1_327669.jpg | What is shown in this image? | CT scan of neck with contrast (coronal, sagital, and axial view) revealed non-enhanced paraglottic space mass lesion |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_60214.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Thyroglossal duct cyst in a 5-year-old female (case number 1). Axial contrast-enhanced CT scans show a homogeneous and low-density lesion in the anterior midline of the neck. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_2052.jpg | What corresponds? | gross photo of tumor in this file |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4264091_F1_344096.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Analyzing a digital panoramic radiograph using Digora software |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_37394.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Lateral cephalogram with type 1 (leaf shaped) pattern of soft palate. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2690579_F7_39493.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Tumour cell line PCI 13-1 with immunocytochemical MAGE-A staining and hematoxylin counterstaining (400× magnification). Most cells are stained by the MAGE-A antibody. Some of the cells show a strong cytosolic staining. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_brain/train_0306.jpg | What is present in the temporal lobe? | an infarct with punctate hemorrhages |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2734.jpg | Is tuberculosis present? | no |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3986884_F4_281166.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Presacral abscess treated by PEDI. L5-S1 infectious spondylitis was diagnosed in a male patient. The lateral radiograph showed L5 inferior endplate erosion (A). Sagittal T2-weighted MRI demonstrated presacral abscess (B). Postoperative sagittal T2-weighted MRI revealed the abscess was eradicated by PEDI (C). Postoperative lateral radiograph showed L5-S1 disc space collapse leading to spontaneous fusion (D). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4494801_Fig2_403967.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Fluorescence angiography. (A) Early-phase fluorescein angiogram of right eye. (B) Late phase showed macular edema and nonspecific leakage at the level of the RPE. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3955853_fig7490_274385.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | A 38-year-old patient with hepatic fibrosis. Sequence parameters: TR: 5000 ms, TE: 52 ms, b-value: 500 sec/mm 2. Measurement technique of ADC with 3 ROI is seen. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2905.jpg | Is marked present? | no |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2830424_pone-0009471-g002_58155.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you |
In silico ligand binding studies on Anopheles gambiae OBP1.(A) AgamOBP1 with indole fitted in the binding cavity. Cyan is the indole ring. Residues in red line the binding site. (B) Surface representation of the AgamOBP1 binding cavity (wired mesh) and indole (semi transparent continuous surface) showing the calculated binding position of indole fitted in the upper part of the binding site. (C) Predicted oleic acid (cyan) binding position indicating the L shaped binding cavity. Diagrams created with PYMOL (DeLano Scientific LLC). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3991310_f0050_282169.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Identification of glacial (black quadrats) mountain regions of the Sawtooth Mountains, Idaho. Sample catchments are indicated by dotted outline (fluvial) and dashed outline (glacial). Red squares mark fluvial and glacial areas shown in Figs. 6 and 8. Field evidence for former glaciation: LGM ELA (white; Meyer et al. (2004) and glacial depositions (dark gray; (Stanford, 1982; Borgert et al., 1999; Kiilsgard et al., 2001, 2006; Thackray et al., 2004). See text for detailed discussion of areas marked with bold letters. Spatial reference: WGS84/UTM 11N (EPSG 32611). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3284477_F2_126944.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | AD transgenic mice show increased expression of cyclin D and cyclin E in neurons: Brain sections from 10 month old Ntg and PS/APP mice were co-stained using A) monoclonal 6E10 and polyclonal cyclin D1 or B) 6E10 and polyclonal cyclin E antibodies. Staining was visualized using Alexa fluor 488 (APP and Aβ, green) and Alexa fluor 594 (red) and analyzed under a Zeiss microscope using AxioVision Rel 4.8. The images were taken at 20× magnification. The composite image shows staining with Hoechst, cyclin, and 6E10 antibodies. The area indicated by arrows is enlarged and shown on the right to clearly see the positive staining in neurons. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1885430_F4_11298.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Red cells and red cell cast in tubules (Masson trichrome stain, original magnification ×100). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4141804_pone-0105762-g012_315124.jpg | What is shown in this image? |
125I-SI Ang II binding comparison.Comparison of 125I-SI Ang II binding in the brains of neurolysin KO and WT mouse strains in the presence of PCMB, losartan, and PD123319. Bregma −7.2 mm for the KO and WT histological and autoradiogram sections. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvf90m8074y3tq186qw.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | No |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4094717_fig2_305665.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Histological heart sections of C57BL/6 mice. (a) Immunohistochemistry showing a T. cruzi nests in the animals infected and reinfected with the Colombiana strain (10x). (b) At a higher magnification, we noticed the details of T. cruzi nest in this same group (40x). (c) Inflammatory infiltrate in an animal infected with the Colombiana strain (HE, 10x). (d) Inflammatory infiltrate in the group infected and/or reinfected with the Colombiana strain (HE, 20x). (e) Inflammatory infiltrate in the group infected with the Y strain (HE, 10x). (f) Inflammatory infiltrate in the group infected and reinfected with the Y strain (HE, 10x). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2803879_F1_54211.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Ultrasonograph of Testis showing the seminomatous tumour of left testis. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3094261_F2_95164.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Effect of chalcone-imidazolone conjugates in causing DNA fragmentation in MCF-7 cells. MCF-7 cells were treated with compounds TMAC, CA-4, 6 and 8 at a concentration of 30 μM for a period of 24 h. The fragmented DNA was bind to antibody conjugated to FITC. The fluorescence was detected and imaged using confocal microscope. Untreated control cells, were not apoptotic and did not exhibit DNA fragmentation, where as the apoptotic cells in the compound treated condition show green coloured staining. The extent of apoptosis can be visualized by green staining and depicts the extent of DNA fragmentation. Here C denotes control untreated cells. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4365556_Fig3_369334.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative |
Subcellular localization of target proteins in migrating cells. Each expression vector was introduced into NBT-L2b cells by transfection on a collagen-coated glass dish. After 48 h, the localization of EGFP-fusion proteins was monitored by confocal microscopy. EGFP-fusion proteins were seen in the plasma membrane (A), nucleus (B), mitochondria (C), ER (D), transitional ER (E), focal adhesions (F), cytoskeleton (G) and lamellipodia and cytoplasm (H). Bar represents 10 μm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_69276.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Epididymal cyst in a 32-year-old male with scrotal pain.Gray-scale ultrasonogram shows a well-circumscribed anechoic lesion (asterisk) in the epididymal head that does not demonstrate internal vascularity. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_04995.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | (Chest x-ray on Day 1 of admission). Opacification predominantly involving the right mid zones. There are adjacent nodular opacities with large cavitatory lesion at the right upper zone. Right heart border is obliterated. Mediastinum has shifted to right. No pleural effusions or bony erosions. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2663052_ppat-1000388-g005_36823.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | HopR1 suppresses callose formation by the ΔIVΔCEL mutant in N. benthamiana.
N. benthamiana leaves were infiltrated with the ΔIVΔCEL mutant strains transformed with pBBR P
avrPto
avr/hop expression constructs at 5×108 CFU/ml with a blunt syringe. Aniline blue-stained callose depositions in N. benthamiana leaves were visualized by epifluorescence microscopy 12 h after inoculation. Numbers are the means and standard deviations of eight 1-cm2 microscopic fields of view. The panels in the lower right show enlargements of representative areas from leaf areas inoculated with the ΔIVΔCEL mutant and the mutant expressing hopR1. The experiment was repeated six times with similar results. The scale bar is 100 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2582334_hrt-94-11-1485-f07_30004.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | A 48-year-old woman presented with a markedly abnormal preoperative ECG and nuclear stress test indicating that she had an anteroseptal myocardial infarction. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance was able to demonstrate that the patient actually had an intraseptal mass (bright on the left) which was in fact a benign lipoma as demonstrated by fat saturation techniques (dark on the right after using a fat saturation technique to suppress the fat). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2924303_F3_71576.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | (A-B) shows post procedure radiogram of lumbar spine which did not exhibit extravasation if cement into the spinal canal at L1 level; figure 3 (C-D) shows CT scan of lumbar spine that exhibited epidural extension of cement from medial wall violation of L1 pedicle on left side and causing significant compression of cord. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4616053_f4_435437.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Detection of the administered Scl-Ab and immunohistochemistry of beta-catenin.(A) The administered Scl-Ab was concentrated in the osteocytes (arrows). Magnification: 400x. (B) Scl-Ab treatment induced the expression of beta-catenin in osteoblasts (arrowheads). Magnification: 400x. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3705757_fig18_216556.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Error maps for the lesion detectability test, built with respect to the reference image. Upper to lower rows, left to right: our method, PWLS, ATM, and FBP images. Darker shade corresponds to higher error. The lesion is not observed in any version, which means it is recovered correctly by all the methods; however, in FBP image the lesion is obscured by streaks. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4223740_Fig3_334009.jpg | What is shown in this image? |
Illustrates the extracted mass which includes the kidney and the adrenal gland. a) Gross appearance of the specimen showing a well-encapsulated mass with a distinct plane separating it from the kidney. b) En bloc specimen including the left kidney. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2831027_F2_58323.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Calcium milk drained with small amounts of calcium deposits from buttock (top). Characteristics of proinflammatory cytokines in serum and calcium milk. (bottom). Examination of subcutaneous calcium milk revealed highly elevated levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3240129_F1_119465.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | (a) Candidate 1 during initial evaluation for face transplantation. (b) Pure arterial images shown in 3-dimensional volumes after processing the 320 × 0.5 detector row computed tomographic (CT) images. The metal fragments, predominantly clips from the multiple surgical flaps, are separately segmented and denoted in green to show the proximity between the arteries and metal that must be identified for the surgical dissection. The figure demonstrates right cervical arterial system in 2 different viewing angles. (c) Axial slice from CT scan 13 days after face transplantation revealed abnormal fluid collection and subcutaneous edema in the submental region. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4617865_pone.0140784.g001_436258.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Deletion of S. pyogenes sortase results in aberrant cellular morphology.Wild type S. pyogenes D471, sortase mutant AR01, complemented AR01+pAR107, and a variant of AR01 that was passaged 6 times in TH+Y, were diluted from overnight cultures 1:100 into fresh media (containing spectinomycin for AR01+pAR107), grown to log phase, and fixed. The cells were processed for transmission and scanning electron microscopy as described in the Material and Methods section. Scale bars represent 500 nm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4277449_pone-0116054-g003_347040.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Immunohistochemical staining patterns of PTEN, pAkt, and INPP4B. pAkt expression; A, negative staining (HS<12.5), B, positive (HS≥12.5), PTEN expression; C, negative staining (HS<60), D, positive (HS≥60), INPP4B expression; E, negative staining (HS<60), F, positive (HS≥60) (Magnification ×400). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz8dow4086u3y152m1j.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2940777_F2_73782.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Macro and microscopic observations. Figure 2A,2B,2C The resected intrapulmonary and mediastinal tumors(3.5 cm × 4.0 cm × 5 cm and 6 cm × 6 cm × 6 cm, respectively). Figure 2D Histological findings of the primary intrapulmonary tumor(PIT), H&E × 100. Figure 2E PIT H&E × 400. Figure 2F PIT CD99 Immunohistochemistry × 100. Figure 2G PIT CD99 Immunohistochemistry × 400. Figure 2H PIT CK 5& CK6 Immunohistochemistry × 100. Figure 2I PIT CK 5& CK6 Immunohistochemistry × 400. Figure 2J Histological findings of the primary mediastinal tumor(MT), H&E × 100. Figure 2K MT, H&E × 400. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3983104_pone-0094017-g001_280270.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Illustration of tumor heterogeneity at FDG-PET/CT in the different subtypes of breast.Axial PET fusion images (left) and 3D-view of 3 orthogonal plans from the tumor volume (right) after voxel resampling are displayed. Two histologic types of breast tumor are displayed: triple negative (top) and luminal B (bottom) tumors. Both tumors exhibit intense FDG uptake with a central hypometabolic area. The triple negative breast tumor exhibits higher SUVmax and higher textural heterogeneity than the luminal B tumor (right). This example illustrates higher FDG uptake and higher texture heterogeneity in TNBC compared to non-TNBC. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4312464_Fig3_354207.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description |
FISH hybridization after immunodetection of the synaptonemal complex with anti-medaka SYCP3 antibody. Chromosome painting with specific probes for B chromosome in Characidium gomesi
(a, b, c) and histone H1 probe hybridization in Astyanax paranae
(d, e, f). In c and f, FISH hybridization signs are visualized on the specific bivalent chromosomes. Bar = 10 μm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2027.jpg | Where is this? | urinary |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2634709_fig5_33608.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Representative confocal microscopy images of dual labelling TUNEL (green fluorescence) and 8-oxo-dG (red fluorescence). Upper panels – normal colonic cells from patients without colorectal cancer that have high levels of 8-oxo-dG are seen to undergo apoptosis. Lower panels – normal colonic cells from cancer patients with high levels of 8-oxo-dG fail to undergo apoptosis. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_23817.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Radiologic image of shoulder after union achieved. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_15341.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | CT examination of head and neck, sagittal scan, soft tissue window. Inflammatory process in retropharyngeal space – contrast enhancement and thickening of prevertebral soft tissues – at the level of C2 vertebrae it is over 12-mm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2336.jpg | What is present ? | hematologic |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4579098_pone.0138544.g002_425923.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Fossil T. sutchuenensis.(A)-(B) the part and counterpart of a fertile shoot: two seed cones borne solitarily, (arrows 1 & 2) two mature seed cones, (arrows 3 & 5) basal pair of branchlet facial leaves arise in the axils of branch lateral leaves, (arrow 4) the lateral leaves not overlap with the subsequent pair, scale bar = 1 cm; (C) the arrow indicates the two mature female cones, scale bar = 5 mm; (D) the arrow shows the alternating shoots, scale bar = 5 mm; (E) the arrow indicates leaf dimorphism within main and lateral branchlets, scale bar = 3 mm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3621963_pone-0061094-g004_197798.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Histological lesions in the brain of monkeys infected with 6.0 log10 PFU of Abs-18 at the late terms after infection (27–28 days).A and B. Brainstem (truncus cerebri) of M. fascicularis monkey #26: multiple small vasculitis (1), perivascular edema (2), degenerative changes in neurons (3). Magnification: (A) ×100, (B) ×200. C and D. Subcortical region of M. fascicularis monkey #26: small vasculitis (1) and nodules of neuronophagia (2). Magnification: (C) ×100, (D) ×400. Cortex of cerebellum: E. Fall out of small groups of Purkinje cells in M. fascicularis monkey #34 (1). Magnification ×100.; F. Non-infected normal control. Magnification ×200. Staining by Nissle method was used. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0778.jpg | What is lying separated from the septal walls by a clear space? | the cellular exudates in the alveolar lumina |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3382280_Fig1_142521.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Abdominal computed tomography performed 3 weeks after surgery. Massive ascites was seen in the abdomen |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3522323_s3sub2fig1_172788.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | A 45-Year-Old Man With Sudden Onset Headache and Drowsiness.A, Computed tomography demonstrates subarachnoid hemorrhage.B, Digital subtraction angiogram detects anomalous angioarchitecture and vasospasm of post-trifurcation MCA.C, CT angiogram reveals a shadow in MCA trifurcation (black arrow) resembling sacular aneurysm.D and E, More evident in 3D reconstructions (white arrows) |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3173463_pone-0024693-g005_108525.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Analysis of soluble versus tethered ligand-induced GIP-R endocytosis using fluorescently-tagged constructs.The impact of selected soluble peptides (A) and tethered ligands (B) on the subcellular distribution of GIPR-CHE was studied using confocal microscopy. HEK 293 cells were transiently transfected with a plasmid encoding the GIPR-CHE, with or without cDNA encoding a GFP-tagged tethered ligand. Twenty-four hours later, the cells were treated for 18 hours with a soluble peptide or the corresponding vehicle, as indicated. The subcellular distribution of receptor was then visualized. Whereas soluble GIP triggered massive endocytosis, other soluble and tethered ligands had no apparent effect. |
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