image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_4/PMC3471827_pone-0047402-g004_160189.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Early morphant malformations.Images of embryo development from 6–18 hpf demonstrating early effects of TTP knockdown (right panel) compared to an injected control animal at the same age (left panel). Embryos from each MO injection type remain constant through 11 hpf. Beginning at 12 hpf, malformations are noticeable in the rostral region of the TRN embryo. These initial malformations occur in the head at the time the developing eye (marked) becomes distinguishable. The malformations in TRN embryos are more pronounced at later stages of development (16 and 18 hpf), while somite formation continues unabated. Images are frames from a time-lapse video (Videos S1 and S2). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4258917_fig3_342516.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) showed relatively tortuous but patent intracranial vessels, with appearance of “hair pin” sign. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2980485_pone-0013961-g006_78429.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Incorporation of HaloTag-IC into muNS-Mi inclusions in transfected cells.Monolayers of CEF were transfected with the plasmids expressing the proteins indicated on the left of the figure. After 24 h incubation at 37°C, the cells were incubated with the TMR ligand (red) and subsequently fixed and visualized with a fluorescence microscope. Nuclei were stained blue with DAPI. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4646990_fig1_444215.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | First native renal biopsy. (a and b) H&E slides from showing diffuse proliferative changes in all glomeruli, with neutrophils and foci of fibrinoid necrosis associated with epithelial crescents. (c) Silver stain showing obliteration of capillary loops, fibrinoid necrosis, and double contouring. Immunofluorescence showed a prominent granular positivity within the mesangium and to some extent within the membranes for IgA and C3. Oxford classification M = 1, E = 1, S = 0, and T = 0. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05593.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Computed tomography scan showing radiolucent-radiopaque mass in the right maxilla invading the buccal cortex |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1592489_F1_7409.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Effects of U46619 (10-7 M) and acetylcholine (Ach; 10-5 M) on internal luminal diameter of airway and vessels in whole precision cut lung slices. A; Tissue under control (basal conditions) bathed in medium alone. B; Tissue after 6 min stimulation with U46619. C; Tissue after 5 min stimulation with U46619 and acetylcholine. The images are representative of those used in the pooled data shown in Figure 2. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3645754_f1-ijms-14-08456_202904.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Morphology of a single keratinocyte 48 h after irradiation with 800 mJ/cm2 of narrow-band UVB showing numerous bleb-like protrusions on the cell surface (arrows) (AFM micrograph, retrace deflection image, image size: 85 × 85 μm) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3598898_pone-0058346-g006_192095.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Compatibility test of complex 3a on goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) eyes, as an eye drop.Eye just excised from goat (a); after 48 h treated with compound 3a (b), conjunctiva is not damaged or cracked after 48 h treatment with complex 3a applied 6 times daily (c); and lens is neither diluted nor fractured after 48 h treatment (d). Images were captured at a magnification of 5X. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4164739_Fig1_320374.jpg | Describe the following image in detail |
Radiological assessment of the right hip showing large intramedullary cystic lesions with soft tissue abscesses. Multipanel with coronal (a, d), proximal transverse (femoral neck; b, e) and distal transverse (lesser trochanter; c, f) CT (a, b, c) and T2-weighted MRI (d, e, f) views focusing the right hip region. Large cavitary lesions with invasion of soft tissue corresponding to abscess formation (white arrows). Underlying bone marrow osteonecrosis of both femurs (black arrows). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3962356_pone-0091250-g002_276069.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Complement components MBL and properdin were detected on frozen renal tissues from patients with anti-GBM disease by immunofluorescence (magnification ×400).A: MBL diffusive granular deposition on the glomerular capillary wall, mesangial region and crescent in the glomeruli (Patient #4); B: properdin linear deposition along the capillary wall (Patient #10); C: MBL were negative in the renal tissues from patients with minimal change disease; D: Properdin was negative in the renal tissues from patients with minimal change disease. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2469.jpg | Does this image show impacted supernumerary tooth? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3852143_F6_249112.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Topography and recognition images of dilute acid pretreated (135°C and 160°C) and delignified corn stover cell wall. (a-d) Topography images; (e-h) Recognition images. 0.5%CS-135, corn stover cell wall pretreated by 0.5% sulfuric acid at 135°C; 0.5%CS-160, corn stover cell wall pretreated by 0.5% sulfuric acid at 160°C. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4619262_Fig2_436635.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Serial changes on chest X-ray and chest computed tomography findings. a Chest X-ray taken 3 months after chemotherapy against Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), showing improved infiltration (arrowhead). b CT scan taken 3 months after chemotherapy against MAC, showing diminished consolidation and centrilobular nodules in the right upper lobe (arrowhead). c Chest X-ray taken 1 year after resuming TCZ, showing no abnormal findings other than the postoperative findings after the right upper lobectomy. d CT scan taken 1 year after resuming TCZ, showing no postoperative findings of right upper lobectomy |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2747421_F0009_46473.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Pregestational diabetic mother with a 20 weeks' single live gestation. USG images (A,B) show fusion of the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles (arrow in A) and absent cavum septum pellucidum (arrow in B), indicating callosal agenesis. 3-D USG image (C) shows a normal fetal face. T2W coronal MRI image (D) shows absent septum pellucidum, midline cerebral fusion (solid arrowhead), and indistinct optic chiasm (open arrowhead). T2W sagittal MRI image shows the presence of a corpus callosum (open arrowhead) but a possibly hypoplastic hypophysis (solid arrowhead). Autopsy (F,G) images show frontal horn fusion, absent septum pellucidum, and a small optic chiasm, confirming the diagnosis of septo-optic dysplasia |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3916338_pone-0088003-g006_264985.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Representative photomicrographs of triple-label IF staining for Ox and GABAergic neurons in LHA.(A) OX1R, overlay image indicates an overlay of Orexin-A, OX1R and anti-GABA, (B) OX2R, overlay image indicates an overlay of Orexin-A, OX2R and anti-GABA. Arrows in A and B overlay images indicate presence of OX1R and OX2R on Ox neurons, respectively. Confocal microscopy: Chromogens were Alexa 488 (blue), Alexa 546 (red) and CF633 (green), 40×. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2800773_pone-0008674-g002_53668.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Chicken antibody detects PAP in mouse DRG neurons and dorsal spinal cord.(A–D) Sections from mouse L4-L6 DRG and (E–L) lumbar spinal cord were stained with chicken anti-PAP antibodies (red) and with antibodies against various sensory neuron markers and spinal interneuron marker PKCγ (blue, green). (D, H, L) Merged images. All images were acquired by confocal microscopy. Scale bar in (D) 50 µm, (H) 100 µm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3935572_F5_269626.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description |
apum23-3 enhances the inflorescence phenotype of rev-1. (A–C) 30-d-old rev-1 (A), apum23-3 (B), and apum23 rev (C) plants. (D–G) The inflorescences of plants shown in A, B, and C, respectively; G is a higher magnification of F. White arrowhead in D indicates the degenerate flowers in rev; white arrowheads in G indicate several of the sterile and filamentous structures in apum23 rev. Bars, 1cm (A–C), 1mm (D–F), and 100 μm (G) (this figure is available in colour at JXB online). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3087807_pone-0019646-g002_94515.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | An agar plate inoculated with 32P-orthophosphate-labelled ctrA mutant strain BCKF.(a) photograph of cell proliferation visible to the eye; (b) autoradiogram showing 32P signal profile; (c) high signal intensity near the point of inoculation; (d) low 32P signal intensity along taxis path; (e) high 32P signal intensity at leading edge of taxis. Illumination was from the top of the images. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3795450_fig02_237203.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | There was a positive association between level of puberty hormones and BOLD signal during Social>Basic emotion (with age and vIQ covaried out) in the left ATC (peak voxels: testosterone [−42 −8 −22]; oestradiol [−40 4 −22]; DHEA [−42 10 −22]). The overlapping region of activation is shown here at p <.005. The graphs on the right show the positive correlation at the peak voxel between puberty hormone and adjusted BOLD signal in the Social>Basic contrast in the left ATC for testosterone (r = 0.472); oestradiol (r = 0.532); DHEA (r = 0.607). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qk1eyn083275c38uo0.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Polyp |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3774713_pone-0073571-g010_231720.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Effect of PUFAs on junctional localization of TJ proteins by immunofluorescence.Cells were pre-incubated with PUFAs or without (37°C group and 43°C group) for 96 h with heat exposure for 1 h, and cultured for 24 hours. Results were reported from 3 independent experiments. Magnification was 400×. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3634842_pone-0061998-g002_200634.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | X-ray projections through the posterior portion of bat skulls containing the bony labyrinth, in the ventral-dorsal plane.The corresponding reconstructed inner ear volumes are shown on the right of the panels; these inner ears are orientated so that the lateral semicircular canals are maximally aligned in the horizontal plane, allowing differences in cochlear orientation to be compared across species. Echolocation mode, species and family information are as follows: (A) the non-echolocating Old World fruit bat Hypsignathus monstrosus (1.3518) (Pteropodidae); (B) the Old World CF bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (58.20697) (Rhinolophidae); (C) the New World CF bat Pteronotus parnellii (5.21236) (Mormoopidae) and (D) Mormoops megaphylla (2.1603) (Mormoopidae) which utilizes narrowband multi-harmonic signals. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3734214_F7_222847.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | The amiR-cad1 transgene results in a brown midrib phenotype. For each line, a leaf was removed from the second node and imaged using darkfield microscopy. (A) empty vector control, (B)amiR-cad1-1, and (C)amiR-cad1-8. The brown pigmentation of the leaf midrib of transgenic CAD-downregulated plants was consistently observed in new leaves over time. The midrib of the empty vector control appeared green and no difference in pigmentation was observed. COMT-downregulated transgenics looked similar to control. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3395701_pone-0037279-g002_144912.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | TEM analysis.Transmission electron micrographs of P18 (Panel A) and P200 (Panel B) at 10,000× and 5,000× magnifications, respectively. High-magnification (50,000×) of CHAPS- (Panels C-F) and DTT-treated (Panels G-I) vesicle preparations are represented. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4175749_fig14_322600.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Sternum fracture in two different patients. Axial MDCT (bone window) in patient one (a) shows a complete sternum fracture at the level of the body, without displacement of the fragments (arrow). Axial MDCT (b) and sagittal reconstruction in bone window (c) in a second patient show a displaced sternal body fracture (arrows). A small retrosternal hematoma is also seen (b). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_14347.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Selective coronary angiography shows multiple fistulae from the artery circumflex to the left ventricle (arrows). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_54561.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Slit-lamp photograph showing the slit-lamp findings of case 3 (intraepithelial corneal infiltrates in a case of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis) |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwzbdozs086uc9cf863b.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 1 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2846357_fig2_60653.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | (a) A decompression tube was placed for postoperative ileus on day 3 post surgery. (b) Upper endoscopy shows an ulcerative lesion with pulsatile bleeding in the third portion of the duodenum. A marking clip was placed near the ulcer. (c) A computed tomography reveals that the marking clip and the stump of the SRA were very close (arrow). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4379602_Fig1_373363.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details |
Brain images after the onset of cerebral infarction. A: Noncontrast brain computed tomography revealed a “dot” sign in the right middle cerebral artery (MCA; arrow) seen as a dot in the sylvian fissure. B: Brain magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) showing an occlusion of the right MCA (arrowhead) on the day of the stroke. C: Brain MRA 3 days after the stroke showing blood flow of the damaged area of the brain. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3943276_F2_271829.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | CT and PET-CT images. (A) CT scan before chemotherapy. The tumor was 92 × 55 mm × 80 mm in diameter. (B) PET-CT scan before chemotherapy. SUV max was 4.9. (C) CT scan after chemotherapy. The tumor was 70 mm × 37 mm × 60 mm in diameter. (D) PET-CT scan after chemotherapy. SUV max was 1.2. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_3011.jpg | What spotted fever, immunoperoxidase staining vessels for rickettsia rickettsii? | rocky mountain |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4331285_pone.0117925.g002_359166.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Initially undetected aneurysm found 8 years after SAH of a 44-year-old female patient (Table 1, #21).
A CT scan at admission in 2005 revealing nSAH in the frontal interhemispheric fissure, in the premedullary cisterns and the bilateral sylvian fissures. The consecutive digital subtraction angiography was false negative. B Intracranial TOF-angiogram of the same patient in July 2013 demonstrating an aneurysm of the right internal carotid artery (arrow) which was retrospectively visible in the initial post-hemorrhagic digital subtraction angiography (Fig. 3). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3699552_pone-0069263-g005_215273.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Representative SEM images of the fluticasone blend containing a coarse carrier at different mixing times.Mixing times are given in minutes. Magnifications on the right hand side are taken from the images on the left hand side. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4397060_pbio.1002116.g006_378096.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | The translocon protein SseB is released from the Salmonella surface over time, and acidification is required.
(A) WT Salmonella were electroporated with unlabeled I-switch, recovered, and used for infection in RAW264.7 macrophages for various indicated times. 25 nM BAF (B), or an equal volume of DMSO, was used to pre-treat the macrophages for 30 min prior to infection and was maintained throughout the infection time. The cells were fixed, permealized, and stained for Salmonella LPS (green) and translocon protein SseB (red). Scale bar, 3 μm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyhdo4k086u4s634ye4.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 0 |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1320.jpg | What is present? | nervous |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0634.jpg | What contain pale oedema fluid and a few red cells? | the air spaces |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4489804_pbio.1002188.g003_402254.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Colocalization studies with YFP-fusions of SPI (column I) and DCP2-mCHERRY-labeled P-bodies (column II) in transiently transfected Arabidopsis leaf epidermis cells.Column III presents the overlay picture between columns I (green) and II (magenta). (A) Under nonstress conditions, YFP-gSPI (upper row) and YFP-SPI-PBW (lower row) are evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. (B) YFP-gSPI (upper row) and YFP-SPI-PBW (lower row) accumulate at DCP2-mCHERRY-labeled P-bodies after incubation of transfected leaves on ½Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 140 mM NaCl for 10 h. Scale bar: 25 μm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4487721_fig7_401384.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | The fMRI signal increases and decreases in cortical and subcortical brain structures, (1) PAG; (2) pACC, aMCC, and anterior dmPFC; (3) PHP and HP; (4) PCN, PCC, and RSC; (5) striatum, thalamus, red nucleus, and substantia nigra; (6) lateral temporal cortex; (7) pMCC; (8) mammillary body. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3364155_F3_139903.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | TTE apical four chamber views without and with color Doppler show severe Organic MR (Panel A and B) and Functional MR (Panel C and D). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1463003_F3_5548.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Tumor slices stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Subcutaneous tumors were excised from BALB/c nude mice with different treatments under sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg, i.p.) anesthesia. Tumors were rinsed twice in normal saline (NS) then fixed in 4% polyparaformaldehyde for 12 hours, embedded in paraffin, sliced and sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin for light microscopic observation (× 400 magnification). A: DMEM group; B: GCV+Dox group; C: GCV+Virus group; D: Dox+GCV+Virus group. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic56854.jpg | what is the primary abnormality in this image? | pilocytic astrocytoma |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2885057_f5_66036.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | A549 and A549/BVDV-Npro cells were or were not pretreated with IFN for 18 h prior to infection with W3A at an m.o.i. of 0.01 p.f.u. per cell. At 4 days p.i., the cells were fixed and co-immunostained for STAT1 and PIV5 NP. Cells were visualized using a Zeiss LSM 5 Exciter confocal microscope. Arrows highlight cells at the edge of the plaque in which small viral cytoplasmic bodies can be detected and in which STAT1 has been degraded. A large, high-resolution copy of this image is available in JGV Online. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4328447_Fig1_358259.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner |
The figure shows short-axis slices of myocardial perfusion at rest and stress with myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) and first-pass perfusion at rest and stress with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). The MPS and CMR perfusion tracers were injected in the MR scanner during the same adenosine stress session. This is an example of a patient with no stress induced ischemia with MPS. CMR, however, shows stress induced ischemia in the subendocardial portion of the lateral wall (white arrows). CMR late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) images show no signs or myocardial infarction. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4475301_Fig7_398497.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Ultrasound assessment of testes in infertile men—imaging biomarkers. a Testicular microlithiasis (arrow). b Testicular tumor—seminoma (T), tumor is better visualized using sonoelastography (performed on Hitachi US equipment) that depicts stiff lesion in the parenchyma (colored as blue on the left side of the figure). c Testicle perfusion—Doppler. d Doppler spectrum of artery in testis. e Hydrocele—on US scan are visualized testicles (T) and effusion around both testicles |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4678057_fig2_453340.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Acute tubular injury caused by type 2 antibody-mediated rejection in the allograft kidney. (a) Light microscopy showed a glomerulus with lobular configuration and focal fibrin thrombi (arrow). Renal tubules are mildly dilated with mild tubulitis. Interstitial mononuclear infiltrate is also seen (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification ×100). (b) C4d diffusely positive in peritubular capillaries and glomerular capillary loops (original magnification ×200). (c) Iron staining is essentially negative (original magnification ×100). (d) Electron photomicrograph showed double contoured glomerular capillary loops with lucency and subendothelial deposit of fibrin (arrow), consistent with thrombotic microangiopathy (original magnification ×4000). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3829867_pone-0079643-g003_243826.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | PS optimizes cell dimension of IPEC-J2.(A) Horizontal and (B) vertical aspects of IPEC-J2 were visualized by live cell imaging using FITC-dextran 4000 (FD4), those of pig jejunocytes by immunofluorescence staining of ZO-1 (A) and of E-cadherin (E-cad, B). Scale bar: 20 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2913856_fig3_70399.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | The kidneys collected at the time of sacrifice were stained with H&E for histological examination. (a) Normal control group (HE × 200). (b) Model control group (HE × 200). (c) Model control group (HE × 400). (d) MT group (HE × 200). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4124846_fig5_312249.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Microtubule distribution pattern in TCam-2 cells exposed to simulated microgravity. Immunodetection of α-tubulin in TCam-2 cells cultured for 24 hours (a, b, c, d, e, and f) and 48 hours (g, h, i, and l) at 1 g (a, b, c, g, and h) or under RPM conditions (d, e, f, i, and l). In images (g) and (i), in the white box, representative images of mitotic spindles are also shown. Bar, 20 μm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1887.jpg | Is ovary present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3097631_F1_95913.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | CT scan and Rhenium-188 Lipiodol treatment scan in a patient with HCC. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4156201_f3-ol-08-04-1551_318207.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | FDG-PET-CT scan of the whole body. (A) Prior to treatment, FDG-PET-CT scan showed an abnormally high uptake of 18F-FDG in the left acetabulum. (B) FDG-PET-CT scan following treatment showed no hypermetabolic lesions in the left acetabulum, however, the neck of the left femur was broken, with displacement of the distal section. FDG, fluorodeoxyglucose; PET, positron emission tomography; CT, computed tomography. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3965941_fig2_276667.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Histopathological examination of the liver (a) and skin lesion (b) showing features of LD bodies in the former and amastigote forms in the latter. H&E stain (400x) and eosin stain (400x), respectively. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qw1fdr0832h1ezdq2q.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Polyp |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_32309.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Upper gastrointestinal series findings. Strictures of the stomach body and difficulties in passage of contrast agent were observed. Gastric peristalsis was absent, and a small amount of the contrast agent came out upon changes in position. Significant reflux toward the esophagus was observed. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2979.jpg | How does this image show coronary artery? | with atherosclerosis and thrombotic occlusion |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_47952.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | 32-year-old woman with intra-abdominal abscess after laparoscopic appendectomy. CT images cranial to Fig. 4A show THAD of the left lobe of the liver. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2556744_F1_28309.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Determination of De Backer's score [3]. Vessel density is calculated as the number of vessels crossing the lines divided by the total length of the lines. Perfusion is then categorized by eye as present (continuous flow for at least 20 s), absent (no flow for at least 20 s) or intermittent (at least 50% of time with no flow). The proportion of perfused vessels (PPV [%]) and perfused vessel density (PVD) are then calculated. A 20 μm cut-off is used to separate small vessels (mostly capillaries) from large vessels (mostly venules). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3529191_F2_174935.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | C-kit-immunohistochemistry. Expression of CD117 in gastric cancer specimens: Intestinal type (a, b-arrowhead) and diffuse type (d) gastric cancer specimens enclosed CD117-immunoreactive mast cells. Occasionally was CD117 expressed by tumor cells (b) and stromal cells (c-arrowhead). Anti-CD117, hematoxylin counterstain; Original magnifications: x400. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3488399_fig5_163702.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Effects of ischemia/reperfusion and LA (100 mg/kg ip, 30 minutes prior to detorsion) on germ cell apoptosis, TUNEL (a1–5), and active caspase-3 immunoreactivity (b1–5) in the testis tissue. TUNEL-positive and caspase-3-positive cells enhanced in the I (a3–b3) and I/R groups (a4–b4). LA pretreatment significantly reduced the number of apoptotic cells (a5–b5). Arrows indicate TUNEL-positive and caspase-3-positive cells. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1055.jpg | Does intraductal papillomatosis show necrotizing sialometaplasia? | no |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_39474.jpg | What is shown in this image? | CT scan that indicat surgical treatment. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4010917_F1_286167.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | In vivo gel formation of PECE hydrogel in the rabbit anterior chamber. PECE was absorbed completely within 3 weeks. A: 1d after injection. B: 7d after injection. C: 14d after injection D: 21d after injection (× 40 magnification). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4635780_F2_441764.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Imaging data of the activation of BA 2 by finger and joint in response to pressure stimuli (p1: first joint, p2: second joint, p3: third joint). BA 2 = Brodmann area 2. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4617697_fig8_436141.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | The fusion results of different fusion methods for the first set of MRI and SPECT images: (a), (b) Source images; fused images by (c) DWT, (d) GP, (e) IHS, (f) NSST-2, (g) NSST-3, (h) NSCT-3, (i) NSCT-4, and (j) the proposed method. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic45362.jpg | what abnormality is seen in the image? | mesial temporal sclerosis |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2695576_F52_39941.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Fleck corneal dystrophy. The cornea contains small fleck-like opacities and these can be seen by confocal microscopy in the inserts. Note the enlarged cell in the lower insert (Courtesy Dr. Charles N. McGhee). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4119891_fig1_311019.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Monocultures of HMSCs from Wharton's jelly over PLC membrane exhibiting a mesenchymal-like shape with a flat polygonal morphology (a). Monocultures of HMSCs from Wharton's jelly over PLC membrane after 72 h of culture in neurogenic medium; differentiated HMSCs (small white arrows) became exceedingly long and there is a formation of typical neuroglial-like cells with multibranches (b) (magnification: 100x). SEM image of PLC tube-guide with inner diameter highlighted by large white arrow and outer diameter highlighted by small black arrows (magnification: 250x) (c). SEM image of HMSCs (large black arrow highlighting cell) cultured over a PLC disc (magnification: 1000x) (d). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3703402_fig3_216201.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR (upper) and 18F-FDG PET (lower) images in GB patients. MR images show a heterogeneous ring-like enhanced lesion in the right frontal lobe (a) and the splenium (b). PET images show a mild ring-like 18F-FDG uptake in the lesions. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3732584_fig3_222346.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Photomicrograph of the histology. (a) The mass is made up of relatively hypo- and hypercellular areas. The cells are spindle or polyhedralshaped and show moderate degree of cellular pleomorphism and frequent mitoses (haematoxylin and eosin, original magnification ×100); (b) immunohistochemically the tumour cells stained strongly positive with monoclonal antibody vimentin (original magnification ×400). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3862848_pone-0081226-g002_251868.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Mosaic of calibrated satellite imagery overlaid with reserve boundaries and deforestation mapped from 1973 to 2010, Pimentel Barbosa Indigenous Reserve, Brazil, 1973–2010.Landsat MSS and TM imagery used in our analyses was obtained courtesy of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and from the Brazilian National Institute for Space Research (INPE) under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_0932.jpg | Is there a concentric circumferential thickening in the middle causing narrowing of the lumen? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4625903_Fig4_438924.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Protein immunolocalization in Medicago sativa L. and Lycopersicum esculentum L. Plants were fixed for 30 min in formaldehyde. Anti-PIN1 mouse monoclonal primary antibody (clone 10A7) diluted 1:50 plus Alexa Fluor®488 goat anti-mouse IgG as secondary antibody diluted 1:800 (shown in green
color) and H+-ATPase (AS07 260) rabbit primary antibody plus Alexa Fluor® 555 goat anti-rabbit IgG as secondary antibody diluted 1:800 (shown in red color) were used. Nuclei are visualized by co-staining with DAPI (blue). Scale bar 20 µm. White arrows show polar PIN1 localisation. a
Medicago sativa roots; b
Medicago sativa leaf; c, d- Lycopersicum esculentum root |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2869161_fig1_64022.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Morphology of normal and tumour stromal cells. Representative microscopic fields showing normal L2N (A), L5N (C) and tumour L2T (B), L5T (D), L16T (E) P3T (F) stromal cells. Original magnification × 100 (phase contrast). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_0185.jpg | Do histoplasma capsulatum yeast forms fill phagocytes in a lymph node of a patient with disseminated histoplasmosis silver stain? | yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3821342_f5-sensors-13-12175_241845.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Examples of topography images of a living cell from tomato mesocarp obtained with AFM. (A) scan size 2 × 2 μm, Z height range 56 nm, (B) scan size 10 × 10 μm, Z height range 490 nm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4498001_Fig5_404892.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Typical brain images following tMCAO in mice treated with saline or DMTU. a ADC map during MCAO indicating acute ischemic damage area in the brain acquired by MRI at 60 min after MCAO. b T2WI-weighted images indicating infarct tissues (white region) in the brain acquired by MRI at 24 h after ischemia/reperfusion of MCAO. c TTC-stained coronal sections (2 mm thick) indicating infarct tissues (pale unstained region) at 24 h after ischemia/reperfusion of MCAO. Mice were treated with saline or DMTU 30 min before initiation of MCAO |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1910.jpg | Is breast present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3423044_F1_150713.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Case 1: (a) preoperative kidneys, ureters, and bladder X-ray films, (b) preoperative stenting, and (c) postoperative. Preoperative non-contrast (d) coronal and (e, f) axial computed tomography images. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3423045_F4_150746.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | MHC class II molecules are expressed in late endosomes/lysosomes in IFN-γ-activated WT andGFAP-/-Vim-/-mouse astrocytes. Fluorescence images of IFN-γ-activated WT (a) and GFAP-/-Vim-/- (b) astrocytes after immunostaining with antibodies against LAMP1 and MHC class II molecules. The two signals overlap to a great extent (overlay), indicating that IFN-γ induces expression and localization of MHC class II molecules in late endosomes/lysosomes in WT and GFAP-/-Vim-/- astrocytes. Lower panels (insets) show boxed regions at higher magnification. Scale bars: 10 μm; 2 μm (insets). Arrowheads point to typical structures expressing both signals. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3614267_fig383_195922.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | TRUS Showing Abscess Cavity |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3741274_pone-0071992-g003_224168.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Immunohistochemistry staining for TGF-β in left ventricle after treatment with ANP.Representative micrographs of immunostained TGF-β in the hearts from each group. (A): Control male; (B): ANP male; (C): Control female; (D): ANP female. All images are in the same magnification 400X. Scale bar = 30 µm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2853.jpg | What does this image leave? | both leaves of diaphragm one covered by purulent exudate and the other with multiple tumor nodules |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4601011_f7_431909.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Formation of compact myelin sheaths in the MN-SCs coculture model.At DIV 21, cultured cells were observed by confocal microscopy after immunolabeling with anti-MBP (1:500, green) and anti-TuJ1 antibodies (1:1000, red). Images shown at the top and bottom panels are serial images collected throughout z-sections. Scale bar, 5 μm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qc1env0832db6e6bo9.jpg | Are there any instruments in the image? | Polyp snare |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1352350_F2_4419.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | In situ hybridization of BAC clones to the short arm of Hessian fly polytene chromosome X2. (A) BAC clone Mde44o9 (STS 233) green fluorescence and BAC clone 37L3 (STS 134) red fluorescence. (B) Overlapping BAC clones Hf15k1 and Hf15k2 (STS 291); overlapping green and red fluorescence appears yellow. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4467803_Fig5_396906.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Microscopic image of TaN film bridge (a) and (B/Ti)n/TaN integration film bridge (b) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3317552_fig5_132413.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | In a case who had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy operation 3 years ago, MRCP image demonstrates (a) stricture at hilar level (arrows) and mild dilatation of left main hepatic duct. Although this case had received false positive diagnosis as malignant stricture with MRI and MRCP findings, during ERCP, benign stricture developed secondary to cholecystectomy was diagnosed (arrows). Balloon dilatation and stent replacement was performed during ERCP procedure, and the result of biopsy was benign. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3279508_F2_125714.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Chest CT (with contrast) demonstrates a 4.5 cm soft tissue mass with heterogenous enhance at left lower lobe with lymphadenopthy at left hilum, left paraaortic, anterior mediastinum and left upper paratracheal site (lower and middle panels). The lymphadenopathy extends to left lower neck and causes obstruction of left upper lobe bronchus, right side displacement of trachea, thyroid gland. Left carotid artery and internal jugular vein are compressed and the latter is not opacified by contrast medium. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3250487_pone-0029729-g002_120973.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Laboratory studies of some of the individuals studied.a) EM study of peripheral lymphocytes of the proband of the Parry family showing storage inclusions with morphology of GROD (arrows). Higher magnification of the area is shown in the upper right corner. b) Neuropathology study of the father of individual KUF01CH showing neuronal accumulation, throughout the CNS, of PAS-positive material with strong, broad-range autofluorescence. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2883201_F0020_65851.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | PA and lateral chest radiographs showing multiple high-density lung masses in a patient with a nonmucinous adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon (see CT scans in Figure 21) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3697400_fig3_214836.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Overlapping brain areas with alterations in functional connectivity with the left primary visual cortex (a) and the right primary visual cortex (b) are shown for amblyopic individuals (cluster size larger than 70 voxels). The details of the regions can be found in Table 2. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2923200_pone-0012252-g007_71465.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | CTP targets fluospheres to the heart.Whole mouse in vivo imaging was performed following intra-cardiac injection of fluospheres alone, CTP+fluospheres and RAN+fluospheres at 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes, at a dose of 10 mg/Kg of body weight (for peptides). (N = 3 in each group). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glds497071u4nznh6kl.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3504237_fig7_167960.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | X-rays of the left knee two years after the procedure. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3535732_fig2_176721.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Postoperative radiograph of the knee after medial tibial tubercle transfer and vastus medialis plasty. The patella is better centred. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvd90i4074y978yddaw.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | No |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4319225_Fig1_355930.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details |
GFP genotyping and assessment of fluorescence expression in GFP nude rats. (A) Organs from GFP positive animals visualized under a fluorescence dissecting microscope. (B) Confirmation of the GFP genotype by PCR. Homozygous GFP rats displayed a single band at 1050 bp (lane 3), whereas heterozygous rats exhibited bands at both 1050 and 799 bp (lanes 2, 7, and 11). Only a single band at 799 bp was amplified from non-GFP (wild type) rats. (C) GFP expression in different organs as estimated by quantitative RT-PCR and expressed as a relative fold change compared to the organ with the lowest expression (heart). Standard error bars are indicated on the columns. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_00981.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | 3D reconstruction of arterial phase, 1-month post stent graft insertion. No AV fistula seen, mild stent stenosis. |
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