image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/sfolder_3/PMC4047941_jfb-03-00372-f004_295296.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Fluorescent micrographs (40× magnification) of osteoblast nuclei (stained with Sytox green) after 1 d and 14 d culture in scaffolds pre-aged in serum-containing medium for 5 min, 1 d or 7 d. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic31688.jpg | what imaging modality was used to take this image? | ct with gi and iv contrast |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1267.jpg | What is present ? | thymus |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3443272_Fig13_155011.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | a–b An 11-year-old girl with pain in her loin. Conventional imaging did not show any abnormalities. T2 SPIR imaging showed multiple areas of high signal in both the acetabulum and the neck of the left femur. No contrast was given. Diagnosis was CRMO. c–d STIR TSE image obtained 2 months later shows only high signal intensity in the os sacrum on the right, without joint effusion of the sacroiliac joint. No other lesions were seen. T1 FS TSE contrast-enhanced series showed enhancement of the lesion |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2271.jpg | What is present ? | gastrointestinal |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2943902_pone-0012779-g003_74235.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Localization of labeled cells by T2*-weighted MRI.3D high resolution T2*-weighted MR images, pre- (1st column) and post- (2nd column) implantation of USPIO-labeled stem cells, showing the successful implantation of the cells into the brain parenchyma. Corresponding T2-weighted images (3rd column) confirm that cells were implanted in healthy tissue. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4075719_F2_302253.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | (a): Electron micrograph of a part of kidney in the control mice showing the normal structure of the glomerulus.(b): Electron micrograph of a part of kidney in the treated mice with C. tinctorius at a concentration of 1.4 mg/kg/day showing a part of glomerulus. The arrows indicate that the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) is destructed and un-continues. Moreover, double-head arrows reveal the shrinkage of podocyte΄s nucleus in the glomerulus. C: capillary of glomerulus, GBM: glomerular basement membrane, P: podocyte΄s nucleus. (×3000). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4260507_F8_342919.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Sample tractography selection for the corpus callosum (CC) from the untilted motion-free dataset as well as selections from motion-corrected datasets with 10, 30, and 70% corrupted gradient directions. Correction choices shown include outlier-based (i.e., motion scrubbing) and registration-based (using baseline and model-based reference volumes). One can observe the short tracts being detected by motion scrubbing at high corruption percentages due to the exclusion of too many gradient directions. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4493782_F3_403640.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | YFP fluorescence in root tissue from 7-day-old transgenic plants expressing SPS
R
SPP
Y provides confirmation that the constructs were functional as well as proving proof that YFP fusion proteins can be expressed stably in Arabidopsis seedlings. (A–D) Control Atsps
– mutant plant, (E–H) a double transgenic plant expressing both SPSR and SPPY in hairy root and root tip tissue. Scale bar=50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3823428_fig03_242118.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | In vitro analysis of osteoblast-loaded constructs (group 1). (A–C) Fluorescent microscopic observation of live cells (green) and dead cells (red) (A) Group 1A, (B) Group 1B, (C) Group 1C. (D–I) Scanning electron microscopic images of the constructs: (D–F) Week 3, (G–I) Week 6. (D,G) Group 1A, (E,H) Group 1B, (F,I) Group 1C. Please note the different scale bars. The scaffold interiors are examined in (H, I). Arrows indicate the cells. Details are described in the text. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4370558_pone.0121451.g005_370701.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Radiographs, MRI and histopathological images of a 56-year-old female diagnosed with right knee PVNS. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_70130.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | MR FSE T1-weighted image of metacarpophalangeal joints in the same patient. Synovium hypertrophy involving the II and III metacarpophalangeal joint and tendinous sheaths of flexor digitorum. A small erosion can be seen in the III metacarpal bone. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4655050_fig4_446340.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Photograph (a) and histology (b) of protective effect of SCC on gastric tissue after being induced with 20 mg/kgBW of indomethacin. Dark spot represented the ulcer area in gastric tissue and black bars represent size of tissue at 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4282909_F3_348212.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Occlusal radiograph depict central incisor fused along the entire length to the supernumerary tooth. Each tooth had a separate pulpal system and roots. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3904403_F2_261944.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | MRI (Axial T1 (3.A) and T2 (3.B) weighted) of the lesion showing a well-defined ossified mass, along the anteromedial aspect of long shaft of femur. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4212089_Fig2_330863.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. |
The visualization of the cesarean section scar during transvaginal ultrasound.
A Presentation of the cesarean section scar B The assessed cesarean section scar parameters. RMT, residual myometrial thickness; W, width of the triangular hypoechoic scar niche; D, depth of the triangular hypoechoic scar niche. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4065727_fig3_300344.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | FE-SEM images in magnification of 20 KX, from nanofibrous scaffolds, (a) sample 3 (variation on deposition time), (b) sample 5 (variation on feed rate), and (c) sample 7 (variation on voltage). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3789298_fig2_235542.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Lateral postop radiography (a) and postop CT scan (b) scan showed material in place, air in L5-S1 space, and reduction of the slippage L5-S1. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4529952_fig4_413347.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | The transmission electron micrograph of hepatocytes from C group (a) and F20 group (b) at magnification ×11 500. The F20 group developed hepatic steatosis. The mitochondria from F20 group were bigger in sizes with swollen, disrupted cristae and hypodense matrix. Mi-mitochondria and LV-lipid vacuole. The arrow shows the cristae. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_58839.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Axial CT images on soft tissue windows showing the anterior ascending colon perforation site (arrow). The ascending colon has collapsed a little relative to the distal bowel. No definite intramural gas in the wall. There is right-side pneumoperitoneum (arrowhead). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_39378.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Nine-year old girl presented with left-side orbital trauma and third cranial nerve palsy with ptosis later diagnosed with left-side dual ophthalmic arteries with external carotid artery (ECA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) origins. Left antero-posterior view angiogram of head shows meningoophthalmic artery anomaly (black arrow) and ophthalmic artery variant (white arrow) with external carotid system origin. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3944779_fig1_272249.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Physiological events of normal swallowing as seen by real-time MRI (27-year-old female). LAT: laryngeal ascent, VCT: velo-pharyngeal closure, OOT: oro-velar opening (start time defined as reference), PTT: pharyngeal transit, GCT: glottal closure, SFT: vallecular and piriform sinus filling, ERT: epiglottic retroflexion, PCT: pharyngeal constriction, EOT: esophageal opening, LDT: laryngeal descent (“s” and “e” refer to respective start and end times). The images are selected from respective movies (see Supplementary Movie 1 in the Supplementary Material available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/493174) at a resolution of 41.2 ms (24.3 frames per second) and sorted according to their temporal onset from top left to bottom right. For further details see text. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4363707_fig2_368666.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Visualization of short-term vasodilation (the area of vasodilation higher than T
max of the initial state). In order to describe the area of short-term vasodilation using IRT procedure, patient temperature reaction was isolated—grey pictures column. In rows, cases one and two (TrPs-positive) and three and four (non-TrPs) were shown. In column (a) pre-DN (initial) state, in column (b) vasomotor referred pain after DN (phase II), and in column (c) the vasomotor referred pain after observation (phase III) were presented. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4186332_f1-etm-08-05-1365_325252.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Positioning of a normal adult cubital tunnel at 30° for a flat CT scan. CT, computed tomography. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4356356_f2-ol-09-04-1699_366421.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Expression pattern of CA9 and GLUT1 immunostaining: (A) Perinecrotic CA9 expression in MFH (magnification, ×40); (B) diffuse CA9 expression in LMS (magnification, ×40); (C) perinecrotic GLUT1 expression in MFH (magnification, ×40) and (D) diffuse GLUT1 expression in LMS (magnification, ×40). CA9, carbonic anhydrase 9; GLUT1, glucose transporter-1; MFH, malignant fibrous histiocytoma; LMS, leiomyosarcoma. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4237405_pone-0113273-g007_337721.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Effect of Mg++-enrichment on the rate of STb toxin activity.Cells grown in calcium-free and magnesium-enriched (1.8 mM) media were compared after 6 and 24 h. Confocal microscopy was used to analyze the distribution of actin filaments stained with FITC-phalloidin. Magnesium-enriched medium had no visible effect on the actin organization whereas in calcium-enriched medium STb provoked actin condensation after 24 h. In calcium-free medium, actin condensation was observed only after 24 h (Data not shown) Bar, 30 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_64664.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Rapidly progressing 12-year old male MPS VI patient: radiograph of clavicles and thorax. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3508053_Fig9_168977.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | MRI scans of a growth plate of the proximal femoral epiphysis of a 13-year-old cadaver |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4671097_f9_450912.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | AFM scans of PHB samples processed at different temperatures in acetic acid (AA) or chloroform (CF).Scan area: 20 μm2. The topography scale is ±120 nm for all acetic acid-processed samples, and ±1000 nm for the chloroform-processed sample. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_07179.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | ECDs following passive movement overlapping on the inflated brain of a representative subject. ECDs were estimated at the primary sensorimotor area (red dipole), SMA (green dipole), PPC (purple dipole), and cS2 (blue dipole) in this subject. ECDs, equivalent current dipoles; SMA, supplementary motor area; PPC, posterior parietal cortex; cS2, contralateral secondary somatosensory cortex. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic49520.jpg | is this a noncontrast mri? | no |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3198992_F6_112713.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Identification of a juxtapara (JXP)-axon initial segment (AIS). Triple immunostaining of ankyrin G (AnkG) (A, E), contactin-associated protein (Caspr) (B, F) and voltage-gated potassium (Kv)1 channels (C, G) (Caspr and Kv1 are merged in (D, H)) along the axon of motor neurons (MNs) labeled with the anti-Peripherin antibody (data not shown). The Caspr+ segment is immediately followed by a Kv1+ segment: Kv1.1+ (D) and Kv1.2+ (H). Triple immunostaining of AnkG (I), Kvβ2 (J) and Kv1.1 (K) (Kvβ2 and Kv1.1 are merged in (L) along the axon of MNs. Brackets indicate the Kv1+ or Kvβ2+ AIS and JXP-AIS and the Caspr+ para-AIS. Scale bar = 5 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3896461_pone-0086048-g004_259710.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Comparison of higher dose SNX-0723 and SNX-9114 effects on nigrostriatal toxicity. A–D) Photos show low power images of injected SN (right) and contralateral uninjected side (left) for each drug treatment group. Black (medial) and white (lateral) squares indicate regions of interest for higher magnification photos shown. There is modest cell loss on the side of the lesion for all treatments. E) Graph of stereological counts (mean ±SEM) of TH-positive cells in the SN ipsilateral and contralateral to AAV-α-synuclein lesion. Numbers at base of bars indicate N for each group. Analysis of variance revealed no significant differences among treatment groups. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3730376_fig1_221972.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Intracardiac echocardiogram from patient 1 before and after PFO closure. (a) The intracardiac echocardiogram shows the right atrium (RA), left atrium (LA), and PFO (demarcated by arrows). (b) Intracardiac echocardiography following deployment of the closure device, also demarcated by arrows (28 mm CardioSEAL Septal Occluder; NMT Medical Inc., Boston, MA, USA). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4312647_fig3_354327.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Intravitreal Resolvin D1 (RvD1) reduced CD20+ immunostaining. (a) Representative immunohistochemistry showing that intravitreal RvD1 decreased immunostaining for CD20+ B cell, already significant at the lowest dose (10 ng/kg, 1 h post-LPS treatment) with respect to the LPS treated rats. (b) Graph showing the percentage of the total positive stained area for CD20+ per total area analyzed at 400x magnification. Values are mean ± SEM of n = 6 observation for each group. *
P < 0.05 and **
P < 0.01 versus LPS-treated group. R = retina; S = sclera. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4030657_fig0025_290835.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Images of the glass-heart phantom used to obtain ground truth measurements on distances. Clockwise from left: (a and b) X-ray projection images. (c) A mid-section slice through a CT scan and (d) a photographic image. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3662151_fig1_206367.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | CT scan showing diffuse lytic lesions throughout the axial skeleton. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2923168_F2_71403.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Computed tomography image showing relative sparing of the infratentorial compartment. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3759311_f1_228459.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | (A) Transaxial CE-CT image performed at diagnosis, showing periaortic solid tissue and locoregional lymph nodes. (B) Transaxial and (C) Sagittal 18F-FDG-PET/CT fused image performed at diagnosis, showing 18F-FDG uptake in the periaortic tissue; no 18F-FDG uptake in lymph nodes reported at CE-CT (red circle). (D) Transaxial CE-CT image performed during corticosteroid therapy, showing size reduction of the solid tissue. (E) Transaxial and (F) sagittal 18F-FDG-PET/CT fused image performed one month after the end of therapy, showing. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4131109_fig3_313112.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | A representative field is shown from terminal kidney tissue of a glomerulus (a), the tubulointerstitium (b), and an arteriole (c) from an isograft and a glomerulus (d), the tubulointerstitium (e), and an arteriole (f) from an allograft. Sections were stained with Masson's trichrome and visualised using ×20 objective. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4332978_fig2_359977.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Optical coherence tomography scans of the fovea before (a) and one week after treatment showing reduced volume of shaggy photoreceptors (b). At six weeks, there is recurrent subretinal fluid with presence of shaggy photoreceptors (c) which again resolved four months later (d). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4350961_fig4_364376.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Observation of endothelial cell behaviour with whole-mount immunostaining. The steps of capillary formation in the in vitro skin model on a weekly basis after EC seeding: (a, b) fifth week, (c, d) sixth week, (e) seventh week, (f) eighth week, (g) lumen formation (40x magnification), and (h, i) ninth week, the end of the procedure (all figures (except (g)) were captured at 20x magnification with confocal microscopy) ((scale bar = 100 μm for (a), (b), (c), (e), (h), and (i)) – (scale bar = 50 μm for (f) and (g)) and scale bar = 200 μm for (d)). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3269990_F1_124122.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Multi-modal brain MRI. Axial T2-weighted (a) and FLAIR images (b) depicted T2 hyper-intensity and sagittal T1-weighted MRI (e) showed hypo-intensity in the genu, body and splenium of the corpus callosum. Axial DWI demonstrated high signal intensity in the observed T2 abnormality of the lesions of the corpus callosum (c). Corresponding ADC map illustrated matched abnormality, confirming restricted diffusion in the corpus callosum (d). MRA showed the absence of the A1 segment of the bilateral anterior cerebral artery. Atherosclerotic segment of stenosis in the area of the bilateral middle cerebral artery and left posterior cerebral artery were noted (arrows) (f). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4082292_F8_303530.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | HEK-293 T cells were transfected with different Y-P30-GFP constructs and co-cultured with cortical primary neurons. Of the constructs tested, SP-Y-P30-GFP has been shown in Figure
2 to deliver a protein detectable in the culture supernatant. However, the peptide is not taken up into neurons. White arrows point to MAP-2 immunoreactive neurons (blue in the merged picture), purple arrows to transfected HEK-293 T cells (green or red + green in the merged pictures). Scale bar is 20 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2630299_F1_33075.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Three-dimensional reconstructed CT angiography of brain vasculature revealing multiple aneurysms: Right MCA, Left ICA bifurcation, and distal basilar artery. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qv1fbb0832amv22dio.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, Red |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4630380_fig2_440019.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Sagittal image showing PAAG migration into both the upper and lower eyelids. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic19307.jpg | what is abnormal in the mri? | cavum septi pellucidi |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3264604_F3_123040.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Subcellular localization of TCL2. A. Expression of TCL2-GFP in Arabidopsis resulted in reduced number of trichomes. Left panel: wild-type, right panel: PTCL2:TCL2-GFP transgenic plant. B. TCL2-GFP fluorescence in the epidermal cells of the hypocotyls in a 4-day-old transgenic plant expressing TCL2-GFP under the control of TCL2 promoter. Left panel: DIC channel, right panel: GFP channel. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic47030.jpg | what organ system is primarily present in this image? | skull and contents |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2762247_F0003_48037.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Group II case: ABHL percentage and kyphosis angles as measured by PVR system for X-ray viewing: (a) Preoperative X-ray showing 40% ABHL and 20° kyphotic angle, (b) Postoperative X-ray showing 12% ABHL and 6° kyphotic angle, (c) Follow-up X-ray showing 20% ABHL and 10° kyphotic angle |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3667384_Fig6_207882.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Boy seven years and ten months of age: anteroposterior and lateral radiographs reveal a right intertochanteric fracture (type IV in Delbet’s classification; AO classification type III) and an ipsilateral lower one-third fracture of the femoral shaft |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4320506_Fig6_356340.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details |
Temporal profile of the luminal artifact. (A–L) Immunofluorescence micrographs of pupal and adult w
1118
Drosophila ommatidium fixed in PEM (A–F) or PBS (G–L) buffers at the indicated developmental stages. The rhabdomeres, F-actin, are labeled with phalloidin (magenta) and EYS staining is shown in green. (A,G) 48 h APF, (B,H) 72 h APF, (C,I) 84 h APF, (D,J) 96 h APF, (E,K) 108 h APF, (F,L) Newly eclosed adult. Scale bar, 2 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3524239_pone-0051578-g003_173905.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Analysis of GPM6B-induced outgrowth in Cos-7 cells.Cells were treated as described in Figure 2. For enhanced visualization of the membrane extensions, magnifications of the boxed areas are depicted to the right of each picture. Representative images of cells transfected with pGFP-GPM6B without (A) or with pNef-DsRed (B) or pDsRed (C) cotransfection are shown. Scale bar: 10 µm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_endocrine/train_1463.jpg | What does this image show? | pituitary |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3097603_F11_95834.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | The fusion of CT and PET provide more accurate information for IMRT treatment planning. In this example, the spread of lymph mode metastasis of a nasopharyngeal carcinoma is can be clearly identified (courtesy of Dr. Hector Ma, St. Teresa's Hospital, Hong Kong) |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4487572_F0002_401362.jpg | Describe the image concisely. |
Measurement of full insertion depth of the electrode. A standard electrode array with the measures (mm) is shown in (A). On the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) image (B), three contacts (C10–C12) were outside the round window (RW) and the intracochlear measures started from the RW.
|
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qd1eqf0832a1g004hb.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Polyp |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_06443.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | A 27-year-old man with a history of motorcycle accident one month back.Coronal image shows loss of normal smooth neural pathways, meandering or even curling pathways from root to cord. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_75969.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | X-ray of the right hip showing an incomplete subtrochanteric fracture of right hip. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4532940_fig2_413908.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | X-ray chest showing (a) a homogenous opacity occupying most of right hemithorax and compensatory hyperinflation on left side. Cranial computed tomography demonstrating (b) imperforation of right external acoustic meatus. The CECT chest in mediastinal window showing (c) right lung hypoplasia, left lung tissue crossing through the mediastinum, and hypoplastic right pulmonary artery and (d) hepatic vein that directly drains into right atrium thorough coronary sinus. CECT chest in lung window showing that (e) the right side of thoracic cage is mildly collapsed and no obvious branches of the right main bronchus could be observed. Volume-rendering computed tomography 3-dimensional reconstruction showing (f) right lung hypoplasia and a compensatory hyperplasia left lung. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3817526_fig05_241058.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | (a) Examples of dynamic images for animals treated with vehicle (top), 200 mg/kg (middle) or 500 mg/kg (bottom) CKA at t = 0, 6, 18, 30, 42 and 60 min after contrast injection. Note the enhancement of the small bowel lumen at about 30 min after contrast injection and also the reflux of gadoxetate into the stomach at the end of the acquisition in the vehicle treated animal. No enhancement was observed in the bowel of the animal treated with 500 mg/kg CKA. (b)–(d) Mean concentration of gadoxetate over ROIs covering (b) liver, (c) spleen and (d) hepatocytes. Bars represent SEM. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3524116_pone-0051913-g003_173867.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Localisation of UVI31+ protein in C. reinhardtii cells. Immunofluorescence staining of UVI31+ protein in C. reinhardtii CC125 and CC3395 (from dark phase) and 160 J/m2 UV treated cells (A) and bright field images (B) (Bars 5 µm). 3D rendering of UVI31+ immunofluorescence confocal images of CC3395 control (C) and 160j UV treated cells (D). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4297964_f2_351067.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Programmed cell death in the regressed processes.(a–b). Full image of a fry immediately after birth (a) and an enlarged image of the regressed process, a vestige of the trophotaenia in the fry (b). Scale bar: 2 mm (a) and 200 μm (b). (c). Hematoxylin-eosin-stained section of the regressed processes in the fry. Scale bar: 50 μm. (d–i). Fluorescent immunochemistry to detect the apoptotic cells in the trophotaenial placenta (2nd and 4th weeks) and the regressed processes (fry). Scale bar: 500 μm. (j–k). Confocal microscopy of fluorescent immunochemistry to detect the apoptotic cells in the regressed processes. The asterisks indicate the apoptotic cells defined by fragmented nuclei. Scale bar: 5 μm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gles4av071uchcyb17x.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_3005.jpg | Does this image show heart, old myocardial infarction with fibrosis, he? | yes |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4214468_f3-ol-08-06-2654_331504.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | (A) Hematoxylin and eosin stain of a section from the mass of the patient’s right upper chest revealing atypical tumor cells, which have partially formed adenomatous structures or nested glandular structures (magnification, ×200). (B) Tumor cells stained positive for carcinoembryonic antigen (magnification, ×200). (C) Malignant glands are strongly positive for cytoplasmic cytokeratin 7 (magnification, ×200). (D) Tumor cells show strong cytoplasmic staining for cytoplasmic cytokeratin 19 (magnification, ×200). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3073981_pone-0018702-g001_92201.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Expression patterns of zebrafish ptenb.(A) Expression of ptenb at designated developmental stage was examined by RT-PCR analysis of an 1183-bp ptenb fragment, and a 530-bp β-actin fragment was used as an internal control. hpf: h post fertilization. (B) Representative photographs of embryos fixed at designated stages and underwent whole-mount in situ hybridization against ptenb. Scale bar: 200 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3627620_F10_198810.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | T2-mapping in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. 81-year-old female presented with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy including transient ECG-changes and elevated troponin after a generalized seizure. CMR was done 3 days after the initial event. All images shown here are in two-chamber-orientation. Systolic cine frame reveals apical ballooning (A). T2 map indicates elevated apical myocardial T2 reflected by orange colour (B). Conventional T2-weighted STIR image shows increased myocardial signal intensity in the apex that might be difficult to differentiate from intraluminal blood signal in the case of slow flow (C). Late gadolinium enhancement excludes myocardial scar (D). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3471896_pone-0046762-g012_160285.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Morphological findings.Fundus photographs of the right eye, FAF and spectral domain OCT images of both eyes of six patients illustrating the variability and extent of foveal changes (NOP group: upper three patients, ALP group: lower three patients). Notice the age-related changes, epiretinal gliosis and macular hole formation on the left eye of the RCD307 patient. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4423426_f4_384261.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | SEM image of the samples at different preparation steps.Two sets of SEM images with magnification of × 1000 (acceleration voltage:15 kV) and × 10000 (acceleration voltage 10 kV). (a) SEM images of original PET fabric; (b) the fabrics with a reservation layer, (c) the fabric after incorporation of AgNPs (labeled by some arrows on the image with × 10000 magnification), (d) the fabric with a 50 nm barrier layer. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03992.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Chest CT with bone setting image reveals cortical disruption (arrow) and adjacent soft tissue swelling at the posterior aspect of the sternum. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC1131917_F7_2211.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Multiplanar MR imaging of the right elbow. A. T1 weighted axial image at the level of the elbow joint, demonstrating a complex effusion (arrow), particularly adjacent to the proximal ulna. B. Contrast enhanced axial image showing enhancement around the joint (arrow). C. T2 weighted axial image again showing extensive joint effusion D. Coronal contrast enhanced image showing the complex effusion and abnormal signal intensity in the medullary canal of the proximal ulna (arrow). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2993725_F2_79873.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Normal FISH signals at chromosome 7q11.23. (left: microscope FISH image, middle: enhanced FISH image, right: drawing of the chromosome image with FISH signals). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwy7dns8086u753adxbs.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3574827_F2_186081.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | A) Glomerular mesangial and endothelial cell proliferation (Masson’s trichrome; original magnification ×400).B). Small cellular crescent formation in several glomeruli (Periodic acid-Schiff; original magnification ×400). C) Subendothelial deposits (Masson’s trichrome and Jones methanamine silver; original magnification ×400). D) Glomerular hypercellularity with dense deposits (arrow) in the subendothelial area (electron microscopy; original magnification ×2000). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4686739_F7_455088.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Immunolabeling of RSA59 infected spinal cord sections with different neuronal specific markers. Virus-infected cells (green; A,D,G,J,M) can be seen in posterior columns and adjacent dorsal gray matter (A–F) or ventral horn region (G–O) of spinal cords from mice infected with RSA59. Cells immunolabeled for Tau (B), Map2 (2a + 2b) (E,H), Neurofilament (K), and synaptophysin (N) are shown in red. Merged images demonstrating viral infected cells and cells with different specific antibody labeling are shown in (C,F,I,L,O). The insets show magnified views of the co-localization of RSA59 infected cells with the neuronal cytoskeletal markers. All magnifications are 630X. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic35803.jpg | what is most alarming about this mri? | agenesis of the corpus callosum |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4081368_f2-ol-08-02-0657_303310.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Infection efficiency and cell morphology were analyzed under a fluorescence microscope following AdMax-pDC315-DRAM-EGFP (MOI, 60) and AdMax-pDC315-EGFP (MOI, 60) treatment. The SGC7901 cells were incubated with AdMax-pDC315-DRAM-EGFP (MOI, 60) for the indicated time. (A) Control, (B) AdMax-pDC315-EGFP, (C) 12 h after AdMax-pDC315-DRAM-EGFP (MOI, 60) treatment and (D) 24 h after AdMax-pDC315-DRAM-EGFP (MOI, 60) treatment. Magnification, ×200. DRAM, damage-regulated autophagy regulator; MOI, multiplicity of infection. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwycdo10086u8l6og5eq.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2034570_F2_14201.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | photomicrograph: 2A)Microscopic examination revealed hyperchromatic neoplastic cells arranged in solid nests, and anastomosing trabeculae with ductal formation. (H&E × 200) 2B) Microscopic examination also revealed irregular cribriform glandular structures (featuring an adenoid cystic carcinoma-like pattern) with irregular infiltrative tumor margins. (H&E × 200) 2C) Perineural invasion and lymphovascular space permeation were noted upon microscopic examination. (H&E × 200). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3251589_pone-0029385-g006_121207.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | HDL stimulates the exit of apoE from LRP1- containing endosomes.HuH7 cells were incubated with Cy5-apoE-TRL for 20 minutes. ApoE recycling was then induced by Cy3-HDL. After 5 min (A–C) and 15 min (D–F), LRP1 (arrows) did no longer co-localize with Cy5-apoE which was instead found associated with Cy3-HDL (arrowheads; nuclei in blue). This was confirmed by high-magnification video-microscopy of LRP1-EGFP expressing HEK293 cells (G–I; due to short time-lapse between acquisition of red and blue channels, a minor signal offset due to endosomal movements was observed). Bar is 5 (G–I) and 20 µm (A–F), respectively. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4683163_Fig4_454174.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | How would you treat this patient? A 49 year old male right hand dominant presents with complex-focal seizures, without any neurological deficit. MRI FLAIR sequence is shown. There was no enhancement with gadolinium |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4030921_jfb-03-00726-f002_290905.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Specular microscopy of a 62-year-old male patient (A) and semi-confluent;and (B) full-confluent; (C) P6 cultured human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) derived from a 65-year-old donor. Confluent cells show the characteristic hexagonal shape of corneal endothelial cells. Scale bar = 100 µm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3775778_pone-0072883-g006_232035.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Representative images from radioactive in situ hybridization film autoradiograms of Arc-35S mRNA expression.Images of film autoradiograms from a single cohort of animals showing Arc-35S mRNA expression in black for caged control (CC), experimental (EXP), drug control (DC), stimulus control (SC), and novelty control (NC) animals in various subregions of the (A) prefrontal cortex and (B) striatum. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwy9dnvc086u3vkl2rfg.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4303737_Fig4_352421.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | One slice of a diffusion weighted image w/o msPOAS for the one repetition single-shell data (a and b), compared with the mean of the three-repetition data (c and d). For the same slice a high-resolution quantitative R1-image was depicted in (e) for anatomical reference. The R1 image was acquired with a multi-parameter protocol (Dick et al. 2012; Lutti et al. 2014; Sereno et al. 2013) |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2494609_pgen-1000158-g007_26210.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Subcellular Localization of Mutant Forms of PBG.Confocal microscopic observation of GFP fluorescence in transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings. Hypocotyl epidermal cells of 3-day-old seedlings were observed. Dark-grown seedlings (upper), those treated with cW for 2 min (middle) and those treated with cR for 24 hr (lower) are shown. The bar indicates 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3500987_Fig1_166658.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Patient 1. a Fundus photograph of the right eye shows retinal hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, and retinal pigment epithelial changes in the macular area. b Fundus photograph of the left eye shows retinal pigment epithelial changes. Mid-phase fluorescein angiogram of the left eye shows retinal pigment epithelium changes, retinal vascular leakage (c), and disseminated peripheral punctiform hyperfluorescence (d). e Mid-phase indocyanine green angiogram of the left eye showing areas of macular hypofluorescence (white arrow heads). f Late-phase indocyanine green angiogram of the same eye shows hyperfluorescent fleecy lesions in the midperiphery |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3946212_pone-0090844-g001_272509.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | A 62-year-old female with history of breast cancer resection with a solitary liver nodule in follow-up study.T1WI (B), T2WI-FS (D) and CT (F) showed the well-moderate differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (arrows), whereas PET (A, C, and E) did not show abnormal uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2706.jpg | How is atherosclerosis left anterior descending artery ? | coronary |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glfs4d7071u447u26s7.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4193771_pone-0108881-g002_327055.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision |
Cdh5-Cre drives efficient deletion of podocalyxin in the lung.(A) Podocalyxin expression is completely abrogated in the lung of Podxl
ΔEC mice. (B, C) Within the aorta and vessels of the small intestine (arrows), podocalyxin is deleted in all but a few isolated cells in Podxl
ΔEC mice. (D) Within the kidney, podocalyxin (brown staining) is efficiently deleted in the glomerular endothelial cells (arrows, 40x mag. panels) and larger vessels (arrowheads, 10x mag. panels). Positive staining in the glomerulus of Podxl
ΔEC kidney are likely podocyte epithelial cells. Adjacent H&E sections included demonstrating normal morphology with loss of podocalyxin expression in these tissues. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3899054_pone-0085736-g002_260615.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | P-iPSCs-derived EBs have more potent migration capacity compared mESCs-derived EBs.(A, B) Microscopic image of mESCs and P-iPSCs in hanging drop culture for 4 days. Both mESCs and P-iPSCs formed similar spherical-shaped mass. (C–E) Sprouting cells from EBs were observed and the morphologically appearing largest migration distance from the outer region of aggregated EB to farthest region within the migration zone (indicated by black dashed-line and double-ended red arrow) was measured after 24 hours post-attachment. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. The symbol * denotes high statistical significance (P<0.05), mES vs P-iPS, All values are representative of three independent experiments, Scale bars = 20 μm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2332.jpg | Is peritoneal fluid present? | no |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2909932_F1_69781.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Purified S. purpuratus spicules visualized by scanning electron microscopy. A, section showing fragments of spicules prepared from pluteus larvae. Fragmentation is due to fractures caused by homogenization during purification. Maximal length of spicule fragments is 70-80 μm. B, higher magnification showing the clean surfaces of spicule fragments. C, cross-section of a fractured spicule with a diameter of 4 μm showing the concentric layers of mineral. D, deeper etching and higher magnification reveals presumed matrix fibers coursing through the mineral layers. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3195764_F1_112074.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | MRI of the patient's mediastinum. (A) T2-weighted half Fourier acquisition dingle shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) sequence on axial plane shows a mediastinal solid mass. (B,C) DWI at b1000 shows a homogeneous high signal intensity and a non-homogeneous low signal intensity on ADC map (white arrows). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3502392_F2_167082.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Effects of colonic insufflation with CO gas on histological findings in the colon 7 days after trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced injury. Histological appearance of colonic tissue in sham-operated rats (A), rats with TNBS-induced colitis (B), and rats with TNBS-induced colitis treated with colonic insufflation of CO gas (C). Histological examination revealed that TNBS administration induced marked thickening of the colonic wall and colonic ulceration, which was associated with transmural infiltration of inflammatory cells. In contrast, both wall thickening and colonic ulceration were reduced in rats treated with colonic insufflation of CO gas. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is shown (40 × magnification). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3685567_F9_212001.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | E13.5 and E17.5 brain regions that are statistically different in the KD compared with the SD embryos. The top and bottom panels show several selected cross-sections centered around the slices depicted in the 3D rendering. T-statistics color-bar corresponds to a FDR ≤ 10%. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4659660_pone.0142882.g002_447605.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | DN appearing as Type A pattern.(a) Transverse T2–weighted image demonstrates a slightly hyperintense nodule in segment VI (arrow). (b) Transverse arterial phase image demonstrates an intense enhancing nodule (arrow). (c) On SWI, the nodule appeared as isointensity with internal tiny siderotic nodules similar to background liver. (d) Photomicrography of Prussian blue staining slide demonstrates iron deposition scored as 4 in the nodule (×50). The nodule was preoperatively misdiagnosed as HCC. |
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