id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3,533,912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glufosinate | Glufosinate (also known as phosphinothricin and often sold as an ammonium salt) is a naturally occurring broad-spectrum herbicide produced by several species of Streptomyces soil bacteria. Glufosinate is a non-selective, contact herbicide, with some systemic action. Plants may also metabolize bialaphos and phosalacine,... | Glufosinate | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,377 | [
"Herbicides",
"Biocides",
"Ammonium compounds",
"Salts"
] |
3,536,654 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension%20%28mechanics%29 | In mechanics, suspension is a system of components allowing a machine (normally a vehicle) to move smoothly with reduced shock.
Types may include:
car suspension, four-wheeled motor vehicle suspension
motorcycle suspension, two-wheeled motor vehicle suspension
Motorcycle fork, a component of motorcycle suspension s... | Suspension (mechanics) | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 88 | [
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
1,244,292 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetically%20induced%20transparency | Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a coherent optical nonlinearity which renders a medium transparent within a narrow spectral range around an absorption line. Extreme dispersion is also created within this transparency "window" which leads to "slow light", described below. It is in essence a quantum i... | Electromagnetically induced transparency | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 2,069 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Molecular physics",
"Quantum optics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Waves",
"Wave mechanics",
" molecular",
"nan",
"Atomic",
" and optical physics"
] |
1,244,992 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment%20problem | In mathematics, a moment problem arises as the result of trying to invert the mapping that takes a measure to the sequence of moments
More generally, one may consider
for an arbitrary sequence of functions .
Introduction
In the classical setting, is a measure on the real line, and is the sequence . In this form... | Moment problem | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 779 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Moments (mathematics)",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Probability problems",
"Hilbert spaces",
"Mathematical problems",
"Moment (physics)"
] |
1,245,135 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argo%20%28oceanography%29 | Argo is an international programme for researching the ocean. It uses profiling floats to observe temperature, salinity and currents. Recently it has observed bio-optical properties in the Earth's oceans. It has been operating since the early 2000s. The real-time data it provides support climate and oceanographic resea... | Argo (oceanography) | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 3,116 | [
"Hydrology",
"Oceanographic instrumentation",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Oceanography",
"Measuring instruments",
"Physical oceanography"
] |
1,245,372 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic%20hierarchy%20process | In the theory of decision making, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), also analytical hierarchy process, is a structured technique for organizing and analyzing complex decisions, based on mathematics and psychology. It was developed by Thomas L. Saaty in the 1970s; Saaty partnered with Ernest Forman to develop Expert... | Analytic hierarchy process | [
"Engineering"
] | 5,441 | [
"Industrial engineering"
] |
1,248,251 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%20explosion | A Coulombic explosion is a condensed-matter physics process in which a molecule or crystal lattice is destroyed by the Coulombic repulsion between its constituent atoms. Coulombic explosions are a prominent technique in laser-based machining, and appear naturally in certain high-energy reactions.
Mechanism
A Coulombic... | Coulomb explosion | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 855 | [
"nan",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Materials science",
"Explosions"
] |
1,249,122 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20supply%20network | A water supply network or water supply system is a system of engineered hydrologic and hydraulic components that provide water supply. A water supply system typically includes the following:
A drainage basin (see water purification – sources of drinking water)
A raw water collection point (above or below ground) wher... | Water supply network | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 4,489 | [
"Hydrology",
"Chemical engineering",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Civil engineering",
"Water industry",
"Environmental engineering",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
1,249,147 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure%20tank | A pressure tank or pressurizer is a type of hydraulic accumulator used in a piping system to maintain a desired pressure. Applications include buffering water pressure in homes.
A simple well water control system
Referring to the figure on the left, a submersible water pump is installed in a well. The pressure switc... | Pressure tank | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 668 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Chemical equipment",
"Plumbing",
"Physical systems",
"Construction",
"Hydraulics",
"Pressure vessels"
] |
15,685,517 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homothetic%20center | In geometry, a homothetic center (also called a center of similarity or a center of similitude) is a point from which at least two geometrically similar figures can be seen as a dilation or contraction of one another. If the center is external, the two figures are directly similar to one another; their angles have the ... | Homothetic center | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,746 | [
"Point (geometry)",
"Geometric centers",
"Circles",
"Pi",
"Symmetry"
] |
15,686,668 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokolov%E2%80%93Ternov%20effect | The Sokolov–Ternov effect is the effect of self-polarization of relativistic electrons or positrons moving at high energy in a magnetic field. The self-polarization occurs through the emission of spin-flip synchrotron radiation. The effect was predicted by Igor Ternov and the prediction rigorously justified by Arseny S... | Sokolov–Ternov effect | [
"Physics"
] | 762 | [
"Astrophysics",
"Special relativity",
"Particle physics",
"Theory of relativity",
"Polarization (waves)"
] |
15,687,074 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collision%20avoidance%20%28spacecraft%29 | Spacecraft collision avoidance is the implementation and study of processes minimizing the chance of orbiting spacecraft inadvertently colliding with other orbiting objects. The most common subject of spacecraft collision avoidance research and development is for human-made satellites in geocentric orbits. The subject ... | Collision avoidance (spacecraft) | [
"Technology"
] | 2,940 | [
"Satellite collisions",
"Space debris"
] |
15,687,473 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical%20care | Pharmaceutical care is a pharmacy practice model developed in the 1990s that describes patient-centered medication management services performed by pharmacists.
Medication Management Service
There are many definitions for "medication management service." The following definition was proposed in the 2012 textbook Pharm... | Pharmaceutical care | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,274 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Pharmacy"
] |
15,690,323 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition%20temperature | In crystallography, the transition temperature is the temperature at which a material changes from one crystal state (allotrope) to another. More formally, it is the temperature at which two crystalline forms of a substance can co-exist in equilibrium. For example, when rhombic sulfur is heated above 95.6 °C, it change... | Transition temperature | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 174 | [
"Thermodynamics stubs",
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Materials science stubs",
"Threshold temperatures",
"Materials science",
"Crystallography stubs",
"Crystallography",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Thermodynamics",
"Physical chemistry stubs"
] |
23,797,849 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminar%20sublayer | The laminar sublayer, also called the viscous sublayer, is the region of a mainly-turbulent flow that is near a no-slip boundary and in which viscous shear stresses are important. As such, it is a type of boundary layer. The existence of the viscous sublayer can be understood in that the flow velocity decreases towards... | Laminar sublayer | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 231 | [
"Civil engineering",
"Fluid mechanics",
"Fluid dynamics stubs",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
23,798,069 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam%20hammer | A steam hammer, also called a drop hammer, is an industrial power hammer driven by steam that is used for tasks such as shaping forgings and driving piles. Typically the hammer is attached to a piston that slides within a fixed cylinder, but in some designs the hammer is attached to a cylinder that slides along a fixe... | Steam hammer | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 2,900 | [
"Steam hammers",
"Physical quantities",
"Steam power",
"Power (physics)",
"Industrial machinery"
] |
23,800,341 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton%20telescope | A Compton telescope (also known as Compton camera or Compton imager) is a gamma-ray detector which utilizes Compton scattering to determine the origin of the observed gamma rays.
Compton cameras are usually applied to detect gamma rays in the energy range where Compton scattering is the dominating interaction process,... | Compton telescope | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 146 | [
"Telescopes",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Astrophysics",
"Astrophysics stubs",
"Astronomical instruments",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
23,801,862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO%2019439 | ISO 19439:2006 Enterprise integration—Framework for enterprise modelling, is an international standard for enterprise modelling and enterprise integration developed by the International Organization for Standardization, based on CIMOSA and GERAM.
Overview
ISO 19439 framework wants to provide a "unified conceptual bas... | ISO 19439 | [
"Engineering"
] | 386 | [
"Systems engineering",
"Enterprise modelling"
] |
23,802,163 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical%20impedance%20myography | Electrical impedance myography, or EIM, is a non-invasive technique for the assessment of muscle health that is based on the measurement of the electrical impedance characteristics of individual muscles or groups of muscles. The technique has been used for the purpose of evaluating neuromuscular diseases both for their... | Electrical impedance myography | [
"Physics"
] | 2,069 | [
"Impedance measurements",
"Physical quantities",
"Electrical resistance and conductance"
] |
1,863,215 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific%20storage | In the field of hydrogeology, storage properties are physical properties that characterize the capacity of an aquifer to release groundwater. These properties are storativity (S), specific storage (Ss) and specific yield (Sy). According to Groundwater, by Freeze and Cherry (1979), specific storage, [m−1], of a saturat... | Specific storage | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,625 | [
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Soil mechanics",
"Soil physics",
"Aquifers",
"Environmental engineering",
"Water"
] |
1,863,666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater%20flow%20equation | Used in hydrogeology, the groundwater flow equation is the mathematical relationship which is used to describe the flow of groundwater through an aquifer. The transient flow of groundwater is described by a form of the diffusion equation, similar to that used in heat transfer to describe the flow of heat in a solid (he... | Groundwater flow equation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 2,059 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Hydrology",
"Chemical engineering",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Civil engineering",
"Aquifers",
"Environmental engineering",
"Hydraulic engineering",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
1,864,331 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20content | Water content or moisture content is the quantity of water contained in a material, such as soil (called soil moisture), rock, ceramics, crops, or wood. Water content is used in a wide range of scientific and technical areas, and is expressed as a ratio, which can range from 0 (completely dry) to the value of the mater... | Water content | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 2,796 | [
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Soil mechanics",
"Soil physics",
"nan",
"Environmental engineering",
"Water",
"Physical chemistry"
] |
1,864,889 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmology | Cosmology () is a branch of physics and metaphysics dealing with the nature of the universe, the cosmos. The term cosmology was first used in English in 1656 in Thomas Blount's Glossographia, and in 1731 taken up in Latin by German philosopher Christian Wolff in Cosmologia Generalis. Religious or mythological cosmology... | Cosmology | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 2,203 | [
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Theoretical physics",
"Physical cosmology",
"Astrophysics"
] |
18,579,411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium%20aluminium%20fluoride | Potassium aluminium fluoride (PAF, chemical formula KAlF4) is an inorganic compound.
This compound is used as flux in the smelting of secondary aluminium, to reduce or remove the magnesium content of the melt. The main environmental issue that arises from using PAF is the production of fluoride gases. Calcium hydroxid... | Potassium aluminium fluoride | [
"Chemistry"
] | 172 | [
"Inorganic compounds",
"Fluorides",
"Metal halides",
"Salts"
] |
18,579,625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleareurope | nucleareurope (formerly FORATOM, European Atomic Forum - Forum Atomique Européen), is the Brussels-based trade association for the nuclear energy industry in Europe. Its main purpose is to promote the use of nuclear power in Europe.
The current Director General of FORATOM is Yves Desbazeille.
FORATOM estimated that in... | Nucleareurope | [
"Engineering"
] | 110 | [
"International nuclear energy organizations",
"Nuclear organizations"
] |
18,580,879 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport | Transport (in British English) or transportation (in American English) is the intentional movement of humans, animals, and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, land (rail and road), water, cable, pipelines, and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations.... | Transport | [
"Physics"
] | 6,168 | [
"Physical systems",
"Transport"
] |
18,581,463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20resources | Water resources are natural resources of water that are potentially useful for humans, for example as a source of drinking water supply or irrigation water. These resources can be either freshwater from natural sources, or water produced artificially from other sources, such as from reclaimed water (wastewater) or desa... | Water resources | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 3,013 | [
"Hydrology",
"Ecosystems",
"Water industry",
"Environmental engineering",
"Aquatic ecology",
"Water supply"
] |
18,582,186 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzene | Benzene is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H6. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar hexagonal ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. Because it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is classed as a hydrocarbon.
Benzene is a natural constitu... | Benzene | [
"Chemistry",
"Environmental_science"
] | 7,423 | [
"Toxicology",
"Commodity chemicals",
"Products of chemical industry",
"Environmental chemistry",
"Chemical hazards",
"Soil contamination",
"Carcinogens",
"Teratogens",
"Petrochemicals"
] |
18,582,230 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane | Methane ( , ) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula (one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms). It is a group-14 hydride, the simplest alkane, and the main constituent of natural gas. The abundance of methane on Earth makes it an economically attractive fuel, although capturing and storing it is diffi... | Methane | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 6,143 | [
"Methane",
"Chemical energy sources",
"Environmental chemistry",
"Signal transduction",
"Organic compounds",
"Gaseous signaling molecules",
"Industrial gases",
"Anaerobic digestion",
"Fuels",
"Environmental engineering",
"Water technology",
"Greenhouse gases",
"Chemical process engineering",... |
18,583,225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer%20analysis | In geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial analysis, buffer analysis is the determination of a zone around a geographic feature containing locations that are within a specified distance of that feature, the buffer zone (or just buffer). A buffer is likely the most commonly used tool within the proximity analys... | Buffer analysis | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Technology"
] | 776 | [
"Spatial analysis",
"Information systems",
"Space",
"Geometry",
"Spacetime",
"Geographic information systems"
] |
18,584,624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redundant%20binary%20representation | A redundant binary representation (RBR) is a numeral system that uses more bits than needed to represent a single binary digit so that most numbers have several representations. An RBR is unlike usual binary numeral systems, including two's complement, which use a single bit for each digit. Many of an RBR's properties ... | Redundant binary representation | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,062 | [
"Arithmetic",
"Binary arithmetic"
] |
18,589,212 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse%20osmosis | Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification process that uses a semi-permeable membrane to separate water molecules from other substances. RO applies pressure to overcome osmotic pressure that favors even distributions. RO can remove dissolved or suspended chemical species as well as biological substances (principally... | Reverse osmosis | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 5,868 | [
"Water desalination",
"Separation processes",
"Water treatment",
"Chemical equipment",
"Filters",
"Industrial water treatment",
"Membrane technology",
"Filtration",
"nan",
"Water technology"
] |
18,589,852 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frozen%20tissue%20array | Frozen tissue array consists of fresh frozen tissues in which up to 50 separate tissue cores are assembled in array fashion to allow simultaneous histological analysis.
History
Paraffin tissue array was developed during late years in the 1980s; this array can help scientists high throughput analyze gene and protein ex... | Frozen tissue array | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Biology"
] | 675 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Genetics techniques",
"Microtechnology",
"Microarrays",
"Bioinformatics",
"Molecular biology techniques"
] |
468,843 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20moments%20of%20inertia | Moment of inertia, denoted by , measures the extent to which an object resists rotational acceleration about a particular axis; it is the rotational analogue to mass (which determines an object's resistance to linear acceleration). The moments of inertia of a mass have units of dimension ML2 ([mass] × [length]2). It sh... | List of moments of inertia | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 492 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Tensors",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Physical properties",
"Moment (physics)"
] |
468,893 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric%20dimensioning%20and%20tolerancing | Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) is a system for defining and communicating engineering tolerances via a symbolic language on engineering drawings and computer-generated 3D models that describes a physical object's nominal geometry and the permissible variation thereof. GD&T is used to define the nominal (... | Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 3,138 | [
"Geometric measurement",
"Design engineering",
"Physical quantities",
"Applied mathematics",
"Quantity",
"Civil engineering",
"Geometry",
"Applied geometry",
"Technical drawing"
] |
469,201 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymax | Plymax is a composite material. It consists of a thin sheet of metal, such as aluminium, copper, or duralumin, that is bonded to a thicker sheet of plywood, giving it strength and rigidity at a relatively low weight.
Plymax was introduced during the 1920s, quickly spreading throughout Europe and the world by the 1930s... | Plymax | [
"Physics"
] | 542 | [
"Materials",
"Composite materials",
"Matter"
] |
469,365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental%20domain | Given a topological space and a group acting on it, the images of a single point under the group action form an orbit of the action. A fundamental domain or fundamental region is a subset of the space which contains exactly one point from each of these orbits. It serves as a geometric realization for the abstract set o... | Fundamental domain | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,117 | [
"Group actions",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Ergodic theory",
"Topological spaces",
"Topological groups",
"Symmetry",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
470,084 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholecalciferol | Cholecalciferol, also known as vitamin D3 or colecalciferol, is a type of vitamin D that is produced by the skin when exposed to UVB light; it is found in certain foods and can be taken as a dietary supplement.
Cholecalciferol is synthesised in the skin following sunlight exposure. It is then converted in the liver to... | Cholecalciferol | [
"Biology"
] | 3,141 | [
"Biocides",
"Rodenticides"
] |
470,107 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferritin | Ferritin is a universal intracellular and extracellular protein that stores iron and releases it in a controlled fashion. The protein is produced by almost all living organisms, including archaea, bacteria, algae, higher plants, and animals. It is the primary intracellular iron-storage protein in both prokaryotes and e... | Ferritin | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,932 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Blood tests",
"Chemical pathology"
] |
470,140 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transferrin | Transferrins are glycoproteins found in vertebrates which bind and consequently mediate the transport of iron (Fe) through blood plasma. They are produced in the liver and contain binding sites for two Fe3+ ions. Human transferrin is encoded by the TF gene and produced as a 76 kDa glycoprotein.
Transferrin glycoprotei... | Transferrin | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,067 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Chemical pathology"
] |
471,167 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid%20crystal%20on%20silicon | Liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS or LCOS) is a miniaturized reflective active-matrix liquid-crystal display or "microdisplay" using a liquid crystal layer on top of a silicon backplane. It is also known as a spatial light modulator. LCoS initially was developed for projection televisions, but has since found additional ... | Liquid crystal on silicon | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,961 | [
"Electronic engineering",
"Display technology"
] |
471,487 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic%20distance%20ladder | The cosmic distance ladder (also known as the extragalactic distance scale) is the succession of methods by which astronomers determine the distances to celestial objects. A direct distance measurement of an astronomical object is possible only for those objects that are "close enough" (within about a thousand parsecs)... | Cosmic distance ladder | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 5,964 | [
"Physical cosmological concepts",
"Standard candles",
"Concepts in astrophysics",
"Concepts in astronomy",
"Astrometry",
"Astrophysics",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
12,840,716 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanum%20strontium%20manganite | Lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM or LSMO) is an oxide ceramic material with the general formula La1−xSrxMnO3, where x describes the doping level.
It has a perovskite-based crystal structure, which has the general form ABO3. In the crystal, the 'A' sites are occupied by lanthanum and strontium atoms, and the 'B' sit... | Lanthanum strontium manganite | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 604 | [
"Manganates",
"Oxides",
"Salts",
"Ceramic materials",
"Ceramic engineering"
] |
12,842,385 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respimat | Respimat, also known as Respimat Soft Mist Inhaler, is a drug delivery device used for the treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other respiratory conditions.
Its developer, Boehringer Ingelheim, is currently conducting approved in the U.S. with a variety of their products, such as tio... | Respimat | [
"Chemistry"
] | 127 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Pharmacology stubs",
"Drug delivery devices",
"Medicinal chemistry stubs"
] |
12,843,792 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20pollution | Genetic pollution is a term for uncontrolled gene flow into wild populations. It is defined as "the dispersal of contaminated altered genes from genetically engineered organisms to natural organisms, esp. by cross-pollination", but has come to be used in some broader ways. It is related to the population genetics conc... | Genetic pollution | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 3,601 | [
"Evolutionary biology",
"Biological engineering",
"Behavior",
"Genetically modified organisms",
"Reproduction",
"Invasive species",
"Ecology",
"Genetic engineering",
"Breeding",
"Molecular biology",
"Pests (organism)",
"Conservation biology"
] |
12,845,111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20erosion | Genetic erosion (also known as genetic depletion) is a process where the limited gene pool of an endangered species diminishes even more when reproductive individuals die off before reproducing with others in their endangered low population. The term is sometimes used in a narrow sense, such as when describing the loss... | Genetic erosion | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 1,626 | [
"Evolutionary biology",
"Biological engineering",
"Behavior",
"Reproduction",
"Biota by conservation status",
"Genetic engineering",
"Ecology",
"Breeding",
"Molecular biology",
"Conservation biology",
"Endangered species"
] |
12,845,371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borel%20fixed-point%20theorem | In mathematics, the Borel fixed-point theorem is a fixed-point theorem in algebraic geometry generalizing the Lie–Kolchin theorem. The result was proved by .
Statement
If G is a connected, solvable, linear algebraic group acting regularly on a non-empty, complete algebraic variety V over an algebraically closed field ... | Borel fixed-point theorem | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 198 | [
"Theorems in algebraic geometry",
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Group actions",
"Fixed-point theorems",
"Theorems in topology",
"Theorems in geometry",
"Symmetry"
] |
12,846,099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helper/suppressor%20ratio | The T-Lymphocyte Helper/Suppressor Profile (Helper/Suppressor ratio, T4:T8 ratio, CD4:CD8 ratio) is a basic laboratory test in which the percentage of CD3-positive lymphocytes in the blood positive for CD4 (T helper cells) and CD8 (a class of regulatory T cells) are counted and compared. Normal values (95% confidence ... | Helper/suppressor ratio | [
"Chemistry"
] | 265 | [
"Blood tests",
"Chemical pathology"
] |
8,202,009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20stacked%20event | A genetically modified organism (GMO) and all subsequent identical clones resulting from a transformation process are called collectively a transformation event. If more than one gene from another organism has been transferred, the created GMO has stacked genes (or stacked traits), and is called a gene stacked event.
... | Gene stacked event | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 148 | [
"Genetic engineering",
"Genetically modified organisms"
] |
8,202,405 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating%20hinge | A floating hinge is a hinge that, while able to behave as a normal hinge, enables one of the objects to move away from the other - hence "float". In effect, the hinge allows for two parallel axes of rotation – one for each object joined by the hinge – and each axis can be moved relative to the position of the other.
U... | Floating hinge | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 230 | [
"Machines",
"Physical systems",
"Construction",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Mechanical engineering stubs",
"Hardware (mechanical)"
] |
8,202,435 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason%20equation | The Mason equation is an approximate analytical expression for the growth (due to condensation) or evaporation of a water droplet—it is due to the meteorologist B. J. Mason. The expression is found by recognising that mass diffusion towards the water drop in a supersaturated environment transports energy as latent heat... | Mason equation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 283 | [
"Thermodynamics stubs",
"Thermodynamic equations",
"Equations of physics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"Thermodynamics",
"Physical chemistry stubs"
] |
8,203,113 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerostructure | An aerostructure is a component of an aircraft's airframe. This may include all or part of the fuselage, wings, or flight control surfaces. Companies that specialize in constructing these components are referred to as "aerostructures manufacturers", though many larger aerospace firms with a more diversified product por... | Aerostructure | [
"Engineering"
] | 959 | [
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
8,203,600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotlar%E2%80%93Stein%20lemma | The Cotlar–Stein almost orthogonality lemma is a mathematical lemma in the field of functional analysis. It may be used to obtain information on the operator norm on an operator, acting from one Hilbert space into another, when the operator can be decomposed into almost orthogonal pieces.
The original version of this... | Cotlar–Stein lemma | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 482 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Binary relations",
"Theorems in functional analysis",
"Mathematical relations",
"Inequalities (mathematics)",
"Lemmas in mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical problems",
"Hilbert spaces",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Lemmas"
] |
8,207,719 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetlana%20Alexievich | Svetlana Alexandrovna Alexievich (born 31 May 1948) is a Belarusian investigative journalist, essayist and oral historian who writes in Russian. She was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Literature "for her polyphonic writings, a monument to suffering and courage in our time". She is the first writer from Belarus to rece... | Svetlana Alexievich | [
"Technology"
] | 3,590 | [
"Women Nobel laureates",
"Women in science and technology"
] |
10,587,844 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregrounds%20iron | Oregrounds iron was a grade of iron that was regarded as the best grade available in 18th century England. The term was derived from the small Swedish city of Öregrund, the port from which the bar iron was shipped. It was produced using the Walloon process.
Oregrounds iron is the equivalent of the Swedish vallonjärn... | Oregrounds iron | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 864 | [
"Ferrous alloys",
"Metallurgy",
"Materials science",
"Alloys",
"nan"
] |
10,590,990 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological%20release | Ecological release refers to a population increase or population explosion that occurs when a species is freed from limiting factors in its environment. Sometimes this may occur when a plant or animal species is introduced, for example, to an island or to a new territory or environment other than its native habitat. Wh... | Ecological release | [
"Biology"
] | 684 | [
"Behavior",
"Biogeography",
"Behavioral ecology",
"Behavioural sciences",
"Ethology",
"Conservation biology"
] |
123,450 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy%20of%20physics | In philosophy, the philosophy of physics deals with conceptual and interpretational issues in physics, many of which overlap with research done by certain kinds of theoretical physicists. Historically, philosophers of physics have engaged with questions such as the nature of space, time, matter and the laws that govern... | Philosophy of physics | [
"Physics"
] | 4,467 | [
"Philosophy of physics",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics"
] |
19,636,775 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum%20cut | In a graph, a maximum cut is a cut whose size is at least the size of any other cut. That is, it is a partition of the graph's vertices into two complementary sets and , such that the number of edges between and is as large as possible. Finding such a cut is known as the max-cut problem.
The problem can be stated s... | Maximum cut | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,966 | [
"Computational problems in graph theory",
"Graph theory objects",
"Computational mathematics",
"Graph theory",
"Computational problems",
"Mathematical relations",
"Mathematical problems",
"NP-complete problems"
] |
19,638,111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next%20Generation%20Supersonic%20Transport | The Next Generation Supersonic Transport is a supersonic transport (SST) being developed by the Japanese Space Agency JAXA. By comparison to the Concorde this new design is intended to carry three times as many passengers and fly roughly at the same speed (Mach 2) . It also has twice the range. The goal is to achieve a... | Next Generation Supersonic Transport | [
"Physics"
] | 269 | [
"Physical systems",
"Transport",
"Supersonic transports"
] |
19,638,350 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDEF5 | IDEF5 (Integrated Definition for Ontology Description Capture Method) is a software engineering method to develop and maintain usable, accurate domain ontologies. This standard is part of the IDEF family of modeling languages in the field of software engineering.
Overview
In the field of computer science ontologies a... | IDEF5 | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,608 | [
"Data modeling",
"Data engineering"
] |
19,645,022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk%20electrolysis | Bulk electrolysis is also known as potentiostatic coulometry or controlled potential coulometry. The experiment is a form of coulometry which generally employs a three electrode system controlled by a potentiostat. In the experiment the working electrode is held at a constant potential (volts) and current (amps) is m... | Bulk electrolysis | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,422 | [
"Electroanalytical methods",
"Electroanalytical chemistry"
] |
19,645,922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palierne%20equation | Palierne equation connects the dynamic modulus of emulsions with the dynamic modulus of the two phases, size of the droplets and the interphase surface tension. The equation can also be used for suspensions of viscoelastic solid particles in viscoelastic fluids. The equation is named after French rheologist Jean-Franço... | Palierne equation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 201 | [
"Colloidal chemistry",
"Composite materials",
"Colloids",
"Surface science",
"Materials",
"Matter"
] |
19,648,225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GREET%20Model | R&D GREET (Research and Development Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Technologies) is a full life cycle model developed by the Argonne National Laboratory (U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy). It fully evaluates energy and emission impacts of advanced an... | GREET Model | [
"Physics"
] | 451 | [
"Physical systems",
"Transport",
"Transport and the environment"
] |
2,589,751 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence%20correlation%20spectroscopy | Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a statistical analysis, via time correlation, of stationary fluctuations of the fluorescence intensity. Its theoretical underpinning originated from L. Onsager's regression hypothesis. The analysis provides kinetic parameters of the physical processes underlying the fluct... | Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 5,802 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Molecular physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Spectroscopy",
"nan",
"Microscopy",
"Physical chemistry",
"Fluorescence techniques"
] |
2,590,921 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal%20engine | An animal engine is a machine powered by an animal. Horses, donkeys, oxen, dogs, and humans have all been used in this way. An unusual example of an animal engine was recorded at Portland, Victoria in 1866. A kangaroo had been tamed and trained to work a treadmill which drove various items of machinery.
See also
Expe... | Animal engine | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 112 | [
"Physical systems",
"Machines",
"Machinery",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
2,592,262 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20subcellular%20localization%20prediction | Protein subcellular localization prediction (or just protein localization prediction) involves the prediction of where a protein resides in a cell, its subcellular localization.
In general, prediction tools take as input information about a protein, such as a protein sequence of amino acids, and produce a predicted lo... | Protein subcellular localization prediction | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Biology"
] | 898 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Cell biology",
"Bioinformatics software",
"Applied mathematics",
"Protein methods",
"Protein targeting",
"Protein biochemistry",
"Chemical tests",
"Computational science",
"Bioinformatics",
"Cellular processes",
"Biochemistry detection methods"
] |
2,592,537 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta%20scission | Beta scission is an important reaction in the chemistry of thermal cracking of hydrocarbons and the formation of free radicals. Free radicals are formed upon splitting the carbon-carbon bond. Free radicals are extremely reactive and short-lived. When a free radical in a polymer chain undergoes a beta scission, the fre... | Beta scission | [
"Chemistry"
] | 164 | [
"Reaction mechanisms",
"Chemical kinetics",
"Physical organic chemistry"
] |
2,594,101 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langmuir%20%28unit%29 | The langmuir (symbol: L) is a unit of exposure (or dosage) to a surface (e.g. of a crystal) and is used in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) surface physics to study the adsorption of gases. It is a practical unit, and is not dimensionally homogeneous, and so is used only in this field. It is named after American physicist Irvin... | Langmuir (unit) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 776 | [
"Units of amount of substance",
"Matter",
"Units of measurement",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Thin film deposition",
"Quantity",
"Coatings",
"Phases of matter",
"Vacuum",
"Surface science",
"Thin films",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Solid state engineering",
"Gases"
] |
2,594,468 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Close | Francis Edwin Close (born 24 July 1945) is a particle physicist who is Emeritus Professor of Physics at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford.
Education
Close was a pupil at King's School, Peterborough (then a grammar school), where he was taught Latin by John Dexter, brother of author Colin ... | Frank Close | [
"Physics"
] | 948 | [
"Theoretical physicists",
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum physicists",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Particle physics",
"Particle physicists"
] |
20,821,833 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldgate%20Pump | Aldgate Pump is a historic former water pump located at the junction where Aldgate High Street meets Fenchurch Street and Leadenhall Street in the City of London. The pump is considered to be the symbolic start point of the East End of London.
The pump is also notable for its long and sometimes dark history, along wit... | Aldgate Pump | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 904 | [
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Turbomachinery",
"Pumps"
] |
20,825,692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20flux | Energy flux is the rate of transfer of energy through a surface. The quantity is defined in two different ways, depending on the context:
Total rate of energy transfer (not per unit area); SI units: W = J⋅s−1.
Specific rate of energy transfer (total normalized per unit area); SI units: W⋅m−2 = J⋅m−2⋅s−1:
This is a ... | Energy flux | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 175 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Quantity",
"Physical quantities",
"Physical properties"
] |
20,826,071 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric%20flux | In fluid dynamics, the volumetric flux is the rate of volume flow across a unit area (m3·s−1·m−2), and has dimensions of distance/time (volume/(time*area)) - equivalent to mean velocity. The density of a particular property in a fluid's volume, multiplied with the volumetric flux of the fluid, thus defines the advectiv... | Volumetric flux | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 157 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Chemical engineering",
"Quantity",
"Piping",
"Physical properties",
"Fluid dynamics stubs",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
20,826,274 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiative%20flux | Radiative flux, also known as radiative flux density or radiation flux (or sometimes power flux density), is the amount of power radiated through a given area, in the form of photons or other elementary particles, typically measured in W/m2. It is used in astronomy to determine the magnitude and spectral class of a sta... | Radiative flux | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 357 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Quantity",
"Physical properties",
"Physical quantities"
] |
6,224,278 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Institute%20of%20Aeronautics%20and%20Space | The National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (, LAPAN) was the Indonesian government's space agency. It was established on 27 November 1963, by former Indonesian president Sukarno, after one year's existence of a previous, informal space agency organization. LAPAN is responsible for long-term civilian and military ... | National Institute of Aeronautics and Space | [
"Physics"
] | 4,889 | [
"Spacetime",
"Space",
"Aerospace"
] |
6,224,402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilma%20Esp%C3%ADn | Vilma Lucila Espín Guillois (7 April 1930 – 18 June 2007) was a Cuban revolutionary, feminist, and chemical engineer. She helped supply and organize the 26th of July Movement as an underground spy, and took an active role in many branches of the Cuban government from the conclusion of the revolution to her death. Espín... | Vilma Espín | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,663 | [
"Chemical engineering",
"Chemical engineers"
] |
6,226,425 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommerfeld%20radiation%20condition | In applied mathematics, and theoretical physics, the Sommerfeld radiation condition is a concept from theory of differential equations and scattering theory used for choosing a particular solution to the Helmholtz equation. It was introduced by Arnold Sommerfeld in 1912
and is closely related to the limiting absorption... | Sommerfeld radiation condition | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 496 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Waves",
"Physical phenomena",
"Radiation"
] |
6,226,587 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necklace%20%28combinatorics%29 | In combinatorics, a k-ary necklace of length n is an equivalence class of n-character strings over an alphabet of size k, taking all rotations as equivalent. It represents a structure with n circularly connected beads which have k available colors.
A k-ary bracelet, also referred to as a turnover (or free) necklace, ... | Necklace (combinatorics) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 766 | [
"Combinatorics on words",
"Enumerative combinatorics",
"Combinatorics"
] |
6,227,150 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEC-RAS | HEC-RAS is simulation software used in computational fluid dynamics – specifically, to model the hydraulics of water flow through natural rivers and other channels.
The program was developed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers in order to manage the rivers, harbors, and other public works under their jurisd... | HEC-RAS | [
"Physics",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,222 | [
"Hydrology",
"Hydrology software",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Civil engineering",
"Hydraulic engineering"
] |
6,229,024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic%20amenity%20site | A civic amenity site (CA site) or household waste recycling centre (HWRC) (both terms are used in the United Kingdom) is a facility where the public can dispose of household waste and also often containing recycling points. Civic amenity sites are run by the local authority in a given area. Collection points for recycl... | Civic amenity site | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 418 | [
"Water treatment",
"Waste treatment technology",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
6,230,869 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal%20patch | A protein signal patch contains information to send a given protein to the indicated location in the cell. It is made up of amino acid residues that are distant to one another in the primary sequence, but come close to each other in the tertiary structure of the folded protein (see red patch in the diagram). Signal pat... | Signal patch | [
"Biology"
] | 141 | [
"Protein targeting",
"Cellular processes"
] |
6,231,089 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planar%20Doppler%20velocimetry | Planar Doppler Velocimetry (PDV), also referred to as Doppler Global Velocimetry (DGV), determines flow velocity across a plane by measuring the Doppler shift in frequency of light scattered by particles contained in the flow. The Doppler shift, Δfd, is related to the fluid velocity.
The relatively small frequency s... | Planar Doppler velocimetry | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,249 | [
"Quantity",
"Physical quantities",
"Measurement",
"Size"
] |
6,231,567 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotidase | A nucleotidase is a hydrolytic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a nucleotide into a nucleoside and a phosphate.
A nucleotide + H2O = a nucleoside + phosphate
For example, it converts adenosine monophosphate to adenosine, and guanosine monophosphate to guanosine.
Nucleotidases have an important function in dige... | Nucleotidase | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 501 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Chemical pathology"
] |
12,850,536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genevac | Genevac Ltd is a company which was founded in 1990 by Michael Cole. It used to specialize in the manufacture of vacuum pumps and centrifugal evaporators, but has since directed its attention to equipment designed for combinatorial chemistry. Following a series of mergers, it is currently a subsidiary of SP Industries.
... | Genevac | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 82 | [
"Combinatorial chemistry",
"Materials science",
"Combinatorics"
] |
12,850,865 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Ceramic%20Society | The American Ceramic Society (ACerS) is a nonprofit organization of professionals for the ceramics community, with a focus on scientific research, emerging technologies, and applications in which ceramic materials are an element. ACerS is located in Westerville, Ohio.
ACerS comprises more than 11,000 members from 75 c... | American Ceramic Society | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,315 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Ceramic engineering",
"Ceramic materials",
"Materials science"
] |
12,851,541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial%20seawater | Artificial seawater (abbreviated ASW) is a mixture of dissolved mineral salts (and sometimes vitamins) that simulates seawater. Artificial seawater is primarily used in marine biology and in marine and reef aquaria, and allows the easy preparation of media appropriate for marine organisms (including algae, bacteria, pl... | Artificial seawater | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 497 | [
"Algae",
"Marine biology",
"Chemical oceanography",
"Ecosystems",
"Seaweeds",
"Aquatic ecology"
] |
12,856,226 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar%20expectancy | The scalar timing or scalar expectancy theory (SET) is a model of the processes that govern behavior controlled by time. The model posits an internal clock, and particular memory and decision processes. SET is one of the most important models of animal timing behavior.
History
John Gibbon originally proposed SET to ex... | Scalar expectancy | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 759 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Time",
"Quantity",
"Spacetime",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities"
] |
782,795 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iso-elastic | In engineering, iso-elastic refers to a system of elastic and tensile parts (springs and pulleys) which are arranged in a configuration which isolates physical motion at one end in order to minimize or prevent similar motion from occurring at the other end.
This type of device must be able to maintain angular direction... | Iso-elastic | [
"Engineering"
] | 809 | [
"nan"
] |
783,563 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total%20synthesis | Total synthesis, a specialized area within organic chemistry, focuses on constructing complex organic compounds, especially those found in nature, using laboratory methods. It often involves synthesizing natural products from basic, commercially available starting materials. Total synthesis targets can also be organome... | Total synthesis | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,609 | [
"Total synthesis",
"Organic synthesis",
"Chemical synthesis"
] |
787,776 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curse%20of%20dimensionality | The curse of dimensionality refers to various phenomena that arise when analyzing and organizing data in high-dimensional spaces that do not occur in low-dimensional settings such as the three-dimensional physical space of everyday experience. The expression was coined by Richard E. Bellman when considering problems i... | Curse of dimensionality | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 3,539 | [
"Geometric measurement",
"Numerical analysis",
"Approximations",
"Physical quantities",
"Machine learning",
"Computational mathematics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Theory of relativity",
"Artificial intelligence engineering",
"Dimension"
] |
788,567 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermopile | A thermopile is an electronic device that converts thermal energy into electrical energy. It is composed of several thermocouples connected usually in series or, less commonly, in parallel. Such a device works on the principle of the thermoelectric effect, i.e., generating a voltage when its dissimilar metals (thermoco... | Thermopile | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 661 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Electrical components",
"Components"
] |
23,807,785 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface%20Evolver | Surface Evolver is an interactive program for the study of surfaces shaped by surface tension and other energies, and subject to various constraints. A surface is implemented as a simplicial complex. The user defines an initial surface in a datafile. The Evolver evolves the surface toward minimal energy by a gradient d... | Surface Evolver | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 234 | [
"Mathematical software",
"Physics software",
"Computational physics"
] |
23,808,291 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekhoroshev%20estimates | The Nekhoroshev estimates are an important result in the theory of Hamiltonian systems concerning the long-time stability of solutions of integrable systems under a small perturbation of the Hamiltonian. The first paper on the subject was written by Nikolay Nekhoroshev in 1971.
The theorem complements both the Kolmog... | Nekhoroshev estimates | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 253 | [
"Mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
23,809,352 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-fiber%20reinforced%20polymer | Carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (American English), carbon-fibre-reinforced polymers (Commonwealth English), carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics, carbon-fiber reinforced-thermoplastic (CFRP, CRP, CFRTP), also known as carbon fiber, carbon composite, or just carbon, are extremely strong and light fiber-reinforced plastic... | Carbon-fiber reinforced polymer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 5,241 | [
"Allotropes of carbon",
"Synthetic fibers",
"Allotropes",
"Aerospace materials",
"Synthetic materials",
"Composite materials",
"Materials",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Matter"
] |
23,812,495 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray%20transient | X-ray emission occurs from many celestial objects. These emissions can have a pattern, occur intermittently, or as a transient astronomical event. In X-ray astronomy many sources have been discovered by placing an X-ray detector above the Earth's atmosphere. Often, the first X-ray source discovered in many constellatio... | X-ray transient | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 2,918 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Astronomical events",
"Astronomical X-ray sources",
"Stellar phenomena",
"Astronomical objects"
] |
23,813,449 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20resource%20partitioning | Virtual resource partitioning (VRP) is an operating system-level virtualization technology that allocates computing resources (such as CPU & I/O) to transactions. Conventional virtualization technologies allocate resources on an operating system (Windows, Linux...) wide basis. VRP works 2 levels deeper by allowing regu... | Virtual resource partitioning | [
"Engineering"
] | 397 | [
"Computer networks engineering",
"Virtualization"
] |
23,814,141 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Cheminformatics | The Journal of Cheminformatics is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal that covers cheminformatics and molecular modelling. It was established in 2009 with David Wild (Indiana University) and Christoph Steinbeck (then at EMBL-EBI) as founding editors-in-chief, and was originally published by Chemistry Central... | Journal of Cheminformatics | [
"Chemistry"
] | 359 | [
"Computational chemistry",
"nan",
"Cheminformatics"
] |
23,814,905 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normally%20hyperbolic%20invariant%20manifold | A normally hyperbolic invariant manifold (NHIM) is a natural generalization of a hyperbolic fixed point and a hyperbolic set. The difference can be described heuristically as follows: For a manifold to be normally hyperbolic we are allowed to assume that the dynamics of itself is neutral compared with the dynamics ... | Normally hyperbolic invariant manifold | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 386 | [
"Mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
22,298,230 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvothermal%20synthesis | Solvothermal synthesis is a method of producing chemical compounds, in which a solvent containing reagents is put under high pressure and temperature in an autoclave. Many substances dissolve better in the same solvent in such conditions than at standard conditions, enabling reactions that would not otherwise occur and... | Solvothermal synthesis | [
"Chemistry"
] | 341 | [
"nan",
"Chemical synthesis"
] |
22,303,694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopic%20shift | The isotopic shift (also called isotope shift) is the shift in various forms of spectroscopy that occurs when one nuclear isotope is replaced by another.
NMR spectroscopy
In NMR spectroscopy, isotopic effects on chemical shifts are typically small, far less than 1 ppm, the typical unit for measuring shifts. The NMR... | Isotopic shift | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,092 | [
"Emission spectroscopy",
"Spectroscopy",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
22,306,477 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosion%20welding | Explosion welding (EXW) is a solid state (solid-phase) process where welding is accomplished by accelerating one of the components at extremely high velocity through the use of chemical explosives. This process is often used to clad carbon steel or aluminium plate with a thin layer of a harder or more corrosion-resist... | Explosion welding | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 773 | [
"Welding",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Explosions"
] |
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