id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6,748,786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLARM | FLARM is a proprietary electronic system used to selectively alert pilots to potential collisions between aircraft. It is not formally an implementation of ADS-B, as it is optimized for the specific needs of light aircraft, not for long-range communication or ATC interaction. FLARM is a portmanteau of "flight" and "ala... | FLARM | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,327 | [
"Safety engineering",
"Avionics",
"Measuring instruments",
"Aircraft collision avoidance systems",
"Aircraft instruments",
"Warning systems"
] |
21,341,034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekeland%27s%20variational%20principle | In mathematical analysis, Ekeland's variational principle, discovered by Ivar Ekeland, is a theorem that asserts that there exist nearly optimal solutions to some optimization problems.
Ekeland's principle can be used when the lower level set of a minimization problems is not compact, so that the Bolzano–Weierstrass t... | Ekeland's variational principle | [
"Mathematics"
] | 420 | [
"Mathematical principles",
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Variational principles",
"Theorems in functional analysis"
] |
2,026,889 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garbage%20disposal%20unit | A garbage disposal unit (also known as a waste disposal unit, food waste disposer (FWD), in-sink macerator, garbage disposer, or garburator) is a device, usually electrically powered, installed under a kitchen sink between the sink's drain and the trap. The device shreds food waste into pieces small enough—generally l... | Garbage disposal unit | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,862 | [
"Machines",
"Water treatment",
"Physical systems",
"Home appliances",
"Environmental engineering",
"Waste treatment technology"
] |
2,027,249 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oval | An oval () is a closed curve in a plane which resembles the outline of an egg. The term is not very specific, but in some areas (projective geometry, technical drawing, etc.) it is given a more precise definition, which may include either one or two axes of symmetry of an ellipse. In common English, the term is used in... | Oval | [
"Mathematics"
] | 927 | [
"Planes (geometry)",
"Euclidean plane geometry",
"Plane curves"
] |
2,028,895 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weber%20number | The Weber number (We) is a dimensionless number in fluid mechanics that is often useful in analysing fluid flows where there is an interface between two different fluids, especially for multiphase flows with strongly curved surfaces. It is named after Moritz Weber (1871–1951). It can be thought of as a measure of the r... | Weber number | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 601 | [
"Piping",
"Chemical engineering",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
2,029,635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variational%20perturbation%20theory | In mathematics, variational perturbation theory (VPT) is a mathematical method to convert divergent power series in a small expansion parameter, say
,
into a convergent series in powers
,
where is a critical exponent (the so-called index of "approach to scaling" introduced by Franz Wegner). This is possible with the h... | Variational perturbation theory | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 313 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Asymptotic analysis",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Perturbation theory"
] |
2,029,677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical%20exponent | Critical exponents describe the behavior of physical quantities near continuous phase transitions. It is believed, though not proven, that they are universal, i.e. they do not depend on the details of the physical system, but only on some of its general features. For instance, for ferromagnetic systems at thermal equil... | Critical exponent | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,150 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Critical phenomena",
"Phases of matter",
"Renormalization group",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Matter",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
2,029,743 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum%20information%20about%20a%20microarray%20experiment | Minimum information about a microarray experiment (MIAME) is a standard created by the FGED Society for reporting microarray experiments.
MIAME is intended to specify all the information necessary to interpret the results of the experiment unambiguously and to potentially reproduce the experiment. While the standard d... | Minimum information about a microarray experiment | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 200 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Genetics techniques",
"Microtechnology",
"Microarrays",
"Genetic engineering",
"Chemical tests",
"Bioinformatics",
"Molecular biology techniques",
"Biochemistry detection methods"
] |
2,030,045 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific%20energy | Specific energy or massic energy is energy per unit mass. It is also sometimes called gravimetric energy density, which is not to be confused with energy density, which is defined as energy per unit volume. It is used to quantify, for example, stored heat and other thermodynamic properties of substances such as specifi... | Specific energy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,685 | [
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mass",
"Intensive quantities",
"Energy (physics)",
"Thermodynamics",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Mass-specific quantities",
"Matter"
] |
2,031,353 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schanuel%27s%20conjecture | In mathematics, specifically transcendental number theory, Schanuel's conjecture is a conjecture about the transcendence degree of certain field extensions of the rational numbers , which would establish the transcendence of a large class of numbers, for which this is currently unknown. It is due to Stephen Schanuel an... | Schanuel's conjecture | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,672 | [
"Unsolved problems in mathematics",
"Unsolved problems in number theory",
"E (mathematical constant)",
"Conjectures",
"Exponentials",
"Mathematical problems",
"Number theory"
] |
2,031,383 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affinity%20maturation | In immunology, affinity maturation is the process by which TFH cell-activated B cells produce antibodies with increased affinity for antigen during the course of an immune response. With repeated exposures to the same antigen, a host will produce antibodies of successively greater affinities. A secondary response can ... | Affinity maturation | [
"Biology"
] | 615 | [
"Immunology"
] |
2,821,615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical%20gradient | An electrochemical gradient is a gradient of electrochemical potential, usually for an ion that can move across a membrane. The gradient consists of two parts:
The chemical gradient, or difference in solute concentration across a membrane.
The electrical gradient, or difference in charge across a membrane.
If there ... | Electrochemical gradient | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Biology"
] | 2,591 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Cellular respiration",
"Physical quantities",
"Membrane biology",
"Quantity",
"Electrochemical concepts",
"Electrochemistry",
"Thermodynamics",
"Metabolism",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Physical properties",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
2,822,022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma%20Gamma%20Tau | Sigma Gamma Tau () is the American honor society in aerospace engineering. The society formed from the merger of Tau Omega and Gamma Alpha Rho in 1953. It has chartered more than fifty chapters in the United States.
History
Sigma Gamma Tau was founded on the campus of Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, on ... | Sigma Gamma Tau | [
"Engineering"
] | 629 | [
"Engineering societies",
"Engineering honor societies"
] |
2,823,145 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtually%20fibered%20conjecture | In the mathematical subfield of 3-manifolds, the virtually fibered conjecture, formulated by American mathematician William Thurston, states that every closed, irreducible, atoroidal 3-manifold with infinite fundamental group has a finite cover which is a surface bundle over the circle.
A 3-manifold which has such a f... | Virtually fibered conjecture | [
"Mathematics"
] | 564 | [
"Unsolved problems in mathematics",
"Mathematical problems",
"Conjectures"
] |
2,823,319 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HNN%20extension | In mathematics, the HNN extension is an important construction of combinatorial group theory.
Introduced in a 1949 paper Embedding Theorems for Groups by Graham Higman, Bernhard Neumann, and Hanna Neumann, it embeds a given group G into another group G' , in such a way that two given isomorphic subgroups of G are conj... | HNN extension | [
"Mathematics"
] | 899 | [
"Group theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Combinatorics on words",
"Combinatorics"
] |
2,823,375 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacida | The Lacida, also called LCD, was a Polish rotor cipher machine. It was designed and produced before World War II by Poland's Cipher Bureau for prospective wartime use by Polish military higher commands. Lacida was also known as Crypto Machine during a TNMOC Virtual Talk.
History
The machine's name derived from the su... | Lacida | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 549 | [
"Physical systems",
"Machines",
"Rotor machines"
] |
2,824,030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-system%20programming | In-system programming (ISP), or also called in-circuit serial programming (ICSP), is the ability of some programmable logic devices, microcontrollers, chipsets and other embedded devices to be programmed while installed in a complete system, rather than requiring the chip to be programmed prior to installing it into th... | In-system programming | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,644 | [
"Electronic engineering",
"Digital electronics"
] |
2,824,495 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred%20Baker%20%28engineer%29 | Frederick J. Baker (born February 28, 1952), is an American engineer, specializing in developing computer network protocols for the Internet.
Biography
Baker attended the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology from 1970 to 1973. He developed computer network technology starting in 1978 at Control Data Corporati... | Fred Baker (engineer) | [
"Technology"
] | 475 | [
"People in information technology",
"Information technology",
"Computer specialist stubs",
"Computing stubs"
] |
2,824,875 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termination%20factor | In molecular biology, a termination factor is a protein that mediates the termination of RNA transcription by recognizing a transcription terminator and causing the release of the newly made mRNA. This is part of the process that regulates the transcription of RNA to preserve gene expression integrity and are present i... | Termination factor | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 827 | [
"Gene expression",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
2,824,931 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocyte%20growth%20factor%20receptor | Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGF receptor) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MET gene. The protein possesses tyrosine kinase activity. The primary single chain precursor protein is post-translationally cleaved to produce the alpha and beta subunits, which are disulfide linked to form the mature recept... | Hepatocyte growth factor receptor | [
"Chemistry"
] | 4,511 | [
"Tyrosine kinase receptors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
2,826,492 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA%20editing | RNA editing (also RNA modification) is a molecular process through which some cells can make discrete changes to specific nucleotide sequences within an RNA molecule after it has been generated by RNA polymerase. It occurs in all living organisms and is one of the most evolutionarily conserved properties of RNAs. RNA e... | RNA editing | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 5,115 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Gene expression",
"Genetic engineering",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
2,826,751 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project%20portfolio%20management | Project portfolio management (PPM) is the centralized management of the processes, methods, and technologies used by project managers and project management offices (PMOs) to analyze and collectively manage current or proposed projects based on numerous key characteristics. The objectives of PPM are to determine the op... | Project portfolio management | [
"Technology"
] | 1,382 | [
"Information technology",
"Information technology management"
] |
2,826,888 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc%20iodide | Zinc iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula ZnI2. It exists both in anhydrous form and as a dihydrate. Both are white and readily absorb water from the atmosphere. It has no major application.
Preparation
It can be prepared by the direct reaction of zinc and iodine in water or refluxing ether:
Zn + I2 → ... | Zinc iodide | [
"Chemistry"
] | 460 | [
"Inorganic compounds",
"Metal halides",
"Salts"
] |
2,827,226 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbiter%20%28electronics%29 | Arbiters are electronic devices that allocate access to shared resources.
Bus arbiter
There are multiple ways to perform a computer bus arbitration, with the most popular varieties being:
dynamic centralized parallel where one central arbiter is used for all masters as discussed in this article;
centralized seri... | Arbiter (electronics) | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,197 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Electronic engineering",
"Electrical circuits"
] |
2,827,371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immerman%E2%80%93Szelepcs%C3%A9nyi%20theorem | In computational complexity theory, the Immerman–Szelepcsényi theorem states that nondeterministic space complexity classes are closed under complementation. It was proven independently by Neil Immerman and Róbert Szelepcsényi in 1987, for which they shared the 1995 Gödel Prize. In its general form the theorem states t... | Immerman–Szelepcsényi theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,601 | [
"Articles containing proofs",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Mathematical problems",
"Mathematical theorems in theoretical computer science"
] |
28,868,152 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobi%20operator | A Jacobi operator, also known as Jacobi matrix, is a symmetric linear operator acting on sequences which is given by an infinite tridiagonal matrix. It is commonly used to specify systems of orthonormal polynomials over a finite, positive Borel measure. This operator is named after Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi.
The name d... | Jacobi operator | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 507 | [
"Hilbert spaces",
"Mathematical relations",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Recurrence relations"
] |
3,787,507 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferroics | In physics, ferroics is the generic name given to the study of ferromagnets, ferroelectrics, and ferroelastics.
Overview
The basis of ferroics is to understand the large changes in physical characteristics that occur over a very narrow temperature range. The changes in physical characteristics occur when phase transi... | Ferroics | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 530 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Phases of matter",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Materials science",
"Magnetic ordering",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Hysteresis",
"Matter"
] |
3,790,812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochen%E2%80%93Specker%20theorem | In quantum mechanics, the Kochen–Specker (KS) theorem, also known as the Bell–KS theorem, is a "no-go" theorem proved by John S. Bell in 1966 and by Simon B. Kochen and Ernst Specker in 1967. It places certain constraints on the permissible types of hidden-variable theories, which try to explain the predictions of quan... | Kochen–Specker theorem | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,750 | [
"Theorems in quantum mechanics",
"No-go theorems",
"Equations of physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theorems in mathematical physics",
"Physics theorems"
] |
3,790,883 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical%20resolved%20shear%20stress | In materials science, critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) is the component of shear stress, resolved in the direction of slip, necessary to initiate slip in a grain. Resolved shear stress (RSS) is the shear component of an applied tensile or compressive stress resolved along a slip plane that is other than perpendicu... | Critical resolved shear stress | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,487 | [
"Continuum mechanics",
"Deformation (mechanics)",
"Metallurgy",
"Classical mechanics",
"Materials science",
"nan"
] |
3,791,224 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20hierarchy%20problem | In particle physics the little hierarchy problem in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) is a refinement of the hierarchy problem. According to quantum field theory, the mass of the Higgs boson must be rather light for the electroweak theory to work. However, the loop corrections to the mass are naturally m... | Little hierarchy problem | [
"Physics"
] | 1,150 | [
"Supersymmetric quantum field theory",
"Particle physics",
"Particle physics stubs",
"Supersymmetry",
"Symmetry"
] |
3,791,271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DGP%20model | The Dvali–Gabadadze–Porrati(DGP) model is a model of gravity proposed by Gia Dvali, Gregory Gabadadze, and Massimo Porrati in 2000. The model is popular among some model builders, but has resisted being embedded into string theory.
Overview
The DGP model assumes the existence of a 4+1-dimensional Minkowski space, wit... | DGP model | [
"Physics"
] | 430 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Theories of gravity",
"Quantum gravity",
"Relativity stubs",
"Theory of relativity",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model"
] |
3,793,084 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POVM | In functional analysis and quantum information science, a positive operator-valued measure (POVM) is a measure whose values are positive semi-definite operators on a Hilbert space. POVMs are a generalization of projection-valued measures (PVM) and, correspondingly, quantum measurements described by POVMs are a generali... | POVM | [
"Physics"
] | 1,805 | [
"Quantum measurement",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
30,340,342 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounded%20type%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, a function defined on a region of the complex plane is said to be of bounded type if it is equal to the ratio of two analytic functions bounded in that region. But more generally, a function is of bounded type in a region if and only if is analytic on and has a harmonic majorant on where . Being t... | Bounded type (mathematics) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,222 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Special functions",
"Mathematical objects",
"Combinatorics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Types of functions"
] |
30,342,860 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangent%20half-angle%20substitution | In integral calculus, the tangent half-angle substitution is a change of variables used for evaluating integrals, which converts a rational function of trigonometric functions of into an ordinary rational function of by setting . This is the one-dimensional stereographic projection of the unit circle parametrized by ... | Tangent half-angle substitution | [
"Mathematics"
] | 942 | [
"Integral calculus",
"Calculus"
] |
30,350,056 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auslander%E2%80%93Reiten%20theory | In algebra, Auslander–Reiten theory studies the representation theory of Artinian rings using techniques such as Auslander–Reiten sequences (also called almost split sequences) and Auslander–Reiten quivers. Auslander–Reiten theory was introduced by and developed by them in several subsequent papers.
For survey articl... | Auslander–Reiten theory | [
"Mathematics"
] | 520 | [
"Representation theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra"
] |
30,350,487 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auslander%20algebra | In mathematics, the Auslander algebra of an algebra A is the endomorphism ring of the sum of the indecomposable modules of A. It was introduced by .
An Artin algebra Γ is called an Auslander algebra if gl dim Γ ≤ 2 and if 0→Γ→I→J→K→0 is a minimal injective resolution of Γ then I and J are projective Γ-modules.
Refer... | Auslander algebra | [
"Mathematics"
] | 92 | [
"Representation theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra"
] |
30,351,807 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AREsite | AREsite is a database of AU-rich elements (ARE) in vertebrate mRNA 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs). AU-rich elements are involved in the control of gene expression. They are the most common determinant of RNA stability in mammalian cells. The most recent version of AREsite is called AREsite 2. It represents an update th... | AREsite | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 143 | [
"Gene expression",
"Bioinformatics",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Biological databases"
] |
30,351,997 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASPicDB | ASPicDB is a database of human protein variants generated by alternative splicing, a process by which the exons of the RNA produced by transcription of a gene are reconnected in multiple ways during RNA splicing.
See also
Alternative splicing
Alternative splicing annotation project
EDAS
References
External links
... | ASPicDB | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 119 | [
"Gene expression",
"Bioinformatics",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Biological databases"
] |
30,352,425 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BISC%20%28database%29 | Binary subcomplexes in proteins database (BISC) is a protein–protein interaction database about binary subcomplexes.
References
External links
Biochemistry databases
Proteomics
Biophysics organizations
Systems biology | BISC (database) | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 41 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Biochemistry databases",
"Systems biology"
] |
30,357,017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformational%20dynamics%20data%20bank | The conformational dynamics data bank (CDDB) is a database about conformational dynamics of heavy proteins and protein assemblies. The CDDB is useful when used alongside static structural data to aid research into protein function. It is also helpful in identifying protein assemblies that are essential to cell function... | Conformational dynamics data bank | [
"Chemistry"
] | 145 | [
"Protein structure",
"Structural biology"
] |
20,304,049 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harris%E2%80%93Benedict%20equation | The Harris–Benedict equation (also called the Harris-Benedict principle) is a method used to estimate an individual's basal metabolic rate (BMR).
The estimated BMR value may be multiplied by a number that corresponds to the individual's activity level; the resulting number is the approximate daily kilocalorie intake t... | Harris–Benedict equation | [
"Mathematics"
] | 465 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Mathematics in medicine",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations"
] |
20,309,035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super%20QCD | In theoretical physics, super QCD is a supersymmetric gauge theory which resembles quantum chromodynamics (QCD) but contains additional particles and interactions which render it supersymmetric.
The most commonly used version of super QCD is in 4 dimensions and contains one Majorana spinor supercharge. The particle c... | Super QCD | [
"Physics"
] | 1,040 | [
"Supersymmetric quantum field theory",
"Supersymmetry",
"Symmetry"
] |
20,310,362 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar%20kinematics | In astronomy, stellar kinematics is the observational study or measurement of the kinematics or motions of stars through space.
Stellar kinematics encompasses the measurement of stellar velocities in the Milky Way and its satellites as well as the internal kinematics of more distant galaxies. Measurement of the kinema... | Stellar kinematics | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 5,683 | [
"Concepts in astrophysics",
"Galactic astronomy",
"Concepts in stellar astronomy",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Stellar astronomy"
] |
25,731,059 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OECD%20Guidelines%20for%20the%20Testing%20of%20Chemicals | OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals (OECD TG) are a set of internationally accepted specifications for the testing of chemicals decided on by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). They were first published in 1981. They are split into five sections:
Section 1: Physical Chemical ... | OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals | [
"Chemistry",
"Environmental_science"
] | 233 | [
"Regulation of chemicals",
"Toxicology"
] |
27,599,234 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennium%20Prize%20Problems | The Millennium Prize Problems are seven well-known complex mathematical problems selected by the Clay Mathematics Institute in 2000. The Clay Institute has pledged a US $1 million prize for the first correct solution to each problem.
The Clay Mathematics Institute officially designated the title Millennium Problem for... | Millennium Prize Problems | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,262 | [
"Unsolved problems in mathematics",
"Mathematical problems",
"Millennium Prize Problems"
] |
27,601,402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethylmagnesium | Dimethylmagnesium is an organomagnesium compound. It is a white pyrophoric solid. Dimethylmagnesium is used in the synthesis of organometallic compounds.
Preparation
Like other dialkylmagnesium compounds, dimethylmagnesium is prepared by adding dioxane to a solution of methylmagnesium halide:
2 CH3MgX + 2 dioxane ... | Dimethylmagnesium | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Technology"
] | 333 | [
"Polymers",
"Organomagnesium compounds",
"Polymer chemistry",
"Reagents for organic chemistry"
] |
27,606,794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemerin%20peptide | Chemerin peptides are short peptides (on the order of 9 amino acids) that are produced from the carboxyl terminus of the chemokine chemerin. They display the same activities as chemerin, although at higher efficacy and potency.
A particular synthetic chemerin-derived peptide, termed C15, was developed at Oxford Univer... | Chemerin peptide | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 234 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Biochemistry"
] |
27,606,828 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-5%20kisrhombille | In geometry, the 4-5 kisrhombille or order-4 bisected pentagonal tiling is a semiregular dual tiling of the hyperbolic plane. It is constructed by congruent right triangles with 4, 8, and 10 triangles meeting at each vertex.
The name 4-5 kisrhombille is by Conway, seeing it as a 4-5 rhombic tiling, divided by a kis op... | 4-5 kisrhombille | [
"Physics"
] | 304 | [
"Semiregular tilings",
"Tessellation",
"Hyperbolic tilings",
"Isohedral tilings",
"Symmetry"
] |
6,750,203 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinor%20spherical%20harmonics | In quantum mechanics, the spinor spherical harmonics (also known as spin spherical harmonics, spinor harmonics and Pauli spinors) are special functions defined over the sphere. The spinor spherical harmonics are the natural spinor analog of the vector spherical harmonics. While the standard spherical harmonics are a ba... | Spinor spherical harmonics | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 250 | [
"Symmetry",
"Special functions",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Combinatorics",
"Quantum physics stubs",
"Rotational symmetry"
] |
6,751,583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bochner%20space | In mathematics, Bochner spaces are a generalization of the concept of spaces to functions whose values lie in a Banach space which is not necessarily the space or of real or complex numbers.
The space consists of (equivalence classes of) all Bochner measurable functions with values in the Banach space whose norm... | Bochner space | [
"Mathematics"
] | 523 | [
"Functional analysis",
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical relations",
"Mathematical objects"
] |
6,752,192 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%E2%80%93North%20Water%20Transfer%20Project | The South–North Water Transfer Project, also translated as the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, is a multi-decade infrastructure mega-project in China that aims to channel 44.8 cubic kilometers (44.8 billion cubic meters) of fresh water each year from the Yangtze River in southern China to the more arid and indu... | South–North Water Transfer Project | [
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 2,116 | [
"Interbasin transfer",
"Hydrology",
"Macro-engineering",
"Megaprojects"
] |
6,752,609 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwater%20vision | Underwater vision is the ability to see objects underwater, and this is significantly affected by several factors. Underwater, objects are less visible because of lower levels of natural illumination caused by rapid attenuation of light with distance passed through the water. They are also blurred by scattering of ligh... | Underwater vision | [
"Physics"
] | 3,423 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Underwater diving physics"
] |
6,754,094 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recognition%20sequence | A recognition sequence is a DNA sequence to which a structural motif of a DNA-binding domain exhibits binding specificity. Recognition sequences are palindromes.
The transcription factor Sp1 for example, binds the sequences 5'-(G/T)GGGCGG(G/A)(G/A)(C/T)-3', where (G/T) indicates that the domain will bind a guanine or ... | Recognition sequence | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 398 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Genetics",
"Genome editing",
"Genetic engineering",
"Protein classification",
"Protein structural motifs"
] |
6,754,224 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autologous%20endometrial%20coculture | Autologous Endometrial Coculture is a technique of assisted reproductive technology. It involves placing a patient’s fertilized eggs on top of a layer of cells from her own uterine lining, creating a more natural environment for embryo development and maximizing the chance for an in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancy.... | Autologous endometrial coculture | [
"Biology"
] | 488 | [
"Assisted reproductive technology",
"Medical technology"
] |
6,755,482 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane%20reactor | A membrane reactor is a physical device that combines a chemical conversion process with a membrane separation process to add reactants or remove products of the reaction.
Chemical reactors making use of membranes are usually referred to as membrane reactors. The membrane can be used for different tasks:
Separation
... | Membrane reactor | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,698 | [
"Chemical reaction engineering",
"Separation processes",
"Chemical reactors",
"Water treatment",
"Chemical equipment",
"Industrial water treatment",
"Membrane technology"
] |
31,456,567 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow%20conditioning | Flow conditioning ensures that the "real world" environment closely resembles the "laboratory" environment for proper performance of inferential flowmeters like orifice, turbine, coriolis, ultrasonic etc.
Types of flow
Basically, Flow in pipes can be classified as follows –
Fully developed flow (found in world-class... | Flow conditioning | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 5,276 | [
"Continuum mechanics",
"Building engineering",
"Chemical engineering",
"Classical mechanics",
"Aerodynamics",
"Civil engineering",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Piping",
"Chemical process engineering",
"Fluid mechanics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
31,457,489 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa%20Girasole | The Villa Girasole (il girasole meaning ‘the sunflower’ in Italian) is a house constructed in the 1930s in Marcellise, northern Italy, near Verona. The conception of architect Angelo Invernizzi, the Girasole rotates to follow the sun as it moves, just as a sunflower opens up and turns to follow the sun. This is how t... | Villa Girasole | [
"Engineering"
] | 808 | [
"Solar design",
"Energy engineering"
] |
32,949,621 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DI%20Herculis | DI Herculis is an Algol-type eclipsing binary star in the constellation of Hercules. The system has an apparent magnitude of about +8.5 and consists of two young blue stars of spectral type B5 and B4. It is about two thousand light years from Earth.
The orbit of the stars around their mutual centre of gravity is very ... | DI Herculis | [
"Astronomy"
] | 661 | [
"Hercules (constellation)",
"Constellations"
] |
32,954,209 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanylate-binding%20protein | In molecular biology, the guanylate-binding proteins family is a family of GTPases that is induced by interferon (IFN)-gamma. GTPases induced by IFN-gamma (Interferon-inducible GTPase) are key to the protective immunity against microbial and viral pathogens. These GTPases are classified into three groups: the small 47-... | Guanylate-binding protein | [
"Biology"
] | 956 | [
"Protein domains",
"Protein classification"
] |
32,959,753 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVTN%20505 | HVTN 505 is a clinical trial testing an HIV vaccine regimen on research participants. The trial is conducted by the HIV Vaccine Trials Network and sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Vaccinations were stopped in April 2013 due to initial results showing that the vaccine was ineffect... | HVTN 505 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,576 | [
"HIV vaccine research",
"Drug discovery"
] |
32,960,675 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser-assisted%20water%20condensation | Laser-assisted water condensation is an experimental technique for artificially causing rainfall. This technique was developed in 2011 by scientists from the University of Geneva. It is related to cloud seeding.
The technique works by creating nitric particles in the clouds that cause condensation with laser pulses.
... | Laser-assisted water condensation | [
"Engineering"
] | 64 | [
"Planetary engineering",
"Weather modification"
] |
5,133,160 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosepane | Glucosepane is a lysine-arginine protein cross-linking product and advanced glycation end product (AGE) derived from D-glucose. It is an irreversible, covalent cross-link product that has been found to make intermolecular and intramolecular cross-links in the collagen of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and crystallin of... | Glucosepane | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,002 | [
"Post-translational modification",
"Gene expression",
"Biochemical reactions"
] |
5,133,456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haven%20%28graph%20theory%29 | In graph theory, a haven is a certain type of function on sets of vertices in an undirected graph. If a haven exists, it can be used by an evader to win a pursuit–evasion game on the graph, by consulting the function at each step of the game to determine a safe set of vertices to move into. Havens were first introduced... | Haven (graph theory) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,187 | [
"Mathematical relations",
"Graph minor theory",
"Graph theory",
"Graph theory objects"
] |
5,135,155 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-ozone%20shock%20treatment | High ozone shock treatment or ozone blasting is a process for removing unwanted odour, and killing mold, vermin and microorganisms in commercial and residential buildings. The treatment is less expensive than some alternative methods of sterilizing indoor spaces - cleaning or removal of building material, or in extreme... | High-ozone shock treatment | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 365 | [
"Ozone",
"Building biology",
"Oxidizing agents",
"Building engineering"
] |
5,135,754 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fej%C3%A9r%27s%20theorem | In mathematics, Fejér's theorem, named after Hungarian mathematician Lipót Fejér, states the following:
Explanation of Fejér's Theorem's
Explicitly, we can write the Fourier series of f as
where the nth partial sum of the Fourier series of f may be written as
where the Fourier coefficients are
Then, we can define
... | Fejér's theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 845 | [
"Theorems in approximation theory",
"Theorems in mathematical analysis"
] |
5,138,563 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satisfiability%20modulo%20theories | In computer science and mathematical logic, satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) is the problem of determining whether a mathematical formula is satisfiable. It generalizes the Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) to more complex formulas involving real numbers, integers, and/or various data structures such as lists, a... | Satisfiability modulo theories | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 3,260 | [
"Logic in computer science",
"Automated theorem proving",
"Mathematical logic",
"Computational problems",
"Software engineering",
"Mathematical problems",
"Formal methods",
"NP-complete problems",
"Satisfiability problems"
] |
5,139,283 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric%20albedo | In astronomy, the geometric albedo of a celestial body is the ratio of its actual brightness as seen from the light source (i.e. at zero phase angle) to that of an idealized flat, fully reflecting, diffusively scattering (Lambertian) disk with the same cross-section. (This phase angle refers to the direction of the lig... | Geometric albedo | [
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy",
"Engineering"
] | 884 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
" absorption and radiative transfer (optics)",
"Observational astronomy",
"Scattering",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Radiometry"
] |
5,139,503 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20scalars | In general relativity, optical scalars refer to a set of three scalar functions (expansion), (shear) and (twist/rotation/vorticity) describing the propagation of a geodesic null congruence.
In fact, these three scalars can be defined for both timelike and null geodesic congruences in an identical spirit, but they ... | Optical scalars | [
"Physics"
] | 996 | [
"General relativity",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
5,140,039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapticity | In coordination chemistry, hapticity is the coordination of a ligand to a metal center via an uninterrupted and contiguous series of atoms. The hapticity of a ligand is described with the Greek letter η ('eta'). For example, η2 describes a ligand that coordinates through 2 contiguous atoms. In general the η-notation o... | Hapticity | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,702 | [
"Coordination chemistry"
] |
22,802,888 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biexciton | In condensed matter physics, biexcitons are created from two free excitons, analogous to di-positronium in vacuum.
Formation of biexcitons
In quantum information and computation, it is essential to construct coherent combinations of quantum states.
The basic quantum operations can be performed on a sequence of pairs ... | Biexciton | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,209 | [
"Matter",
"Spintronics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Quasiparticles",
"Subatomic particles"
] |
22,809,096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Heavy%20Machinery | United Heavy Machinery or Uralmash-Izhora Group, (, OMZ) is a large Russia-based international heavy industry and manufacturing conglomerate. OMZ manufactures a wide range of steel, custom and industrial components for nuclear power plants, petrochemical and mining operations and utilities. In particular OMZ is a manu... | United Heavy Machinery | [
"Engineering"
] | 482 | [
"Industrial machine manufacturers",
"Industrial machinery"
] |
22,809,664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparse%20ruler | A sparse ruler is a ruler in which some of the distance marks may be missing. More abstractly, a sparse ruler of length with marks is a sequence of integers where . The marks and correspond to the ends of the ruler. In order to measure the distance , with there must be marks and such that .
A complete spars... | Sparse ruler | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,199 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Number theory",
"Combinatorics"
] |
907,108 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfv%C3%A9n%20wave | In plasma physics, an Alfvén wave, named after Hannes Alfvén, is a type of plasma wave in which ions oscillate in response to a restoring force provided by an effective tension on the magnetic field lines.
Definition
An Alfvén wave is a low-frequency (compared to the ion gyrofrequency) travelling oscillation of the io... | Alfvén wave | [
"Physics"
] | 2,706 | [
"Waves in plasmas",
"Waves",
"Physical phenomena",
"Plasma phenomena"
] |
907,139 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agmatine | Agmatine, also known as 4-aminobutyl-guanidine, was discovered in 1910 by Albrecht Kossel. It is a chemical substance which is naturally created from the amino acid arginine. Agmatine has been shown to exert modulatory action at multiple molecular targets, notably: neurotransmitter systems, ion channels, nitric oxide (... | Agmatine | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,519 | [
"Guanidines",
"Neurotransmitters",
"Functional groups",
"Amines",
"Cellular processes",
"Biochemistry",
"Neurochemistry",
"Bases (chemistry)",
"Metabolism"
] |
908,261 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Society%20of%20Electrochemistry | The International Society of Electrochemistry (ISE) is a global scientific society founded in 1949. The Head Office of ISE is located now in Lausanne, Switzerland. ISE is a Member Organization of IUPAC. The Society has now more than 1900 Individual Members, 15 Corporate Members (Universities and non-profit research org... | International Society of Electrochemistry | [
"Chemistry"
] | 188 | [
"Electrochemistry",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
"Electrochemistry stubs"
] |
908,518 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interchangeable%20parts | Interchangeable parts are parts (components) that are identical for practical purposes. They are made to specifications that ensure that they are so nearly identical that they will fit into any assembly of the same type. One such part can freely replace another, without any custom fitting, such as filing. This intercha... | Interchangeable parts | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,760 | [
"Industrial design",
"Design engineering",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Manufacturing",
"Interoperability",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Design"
] |
910,107 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological%20small-angle%20scattering | Biological small-angle scattering is a small-angle scattering method for structure analysis of biological materials. Small-angle scattering is used to study the structure of a variety of objects such as solutions of biological macromolecules, nanocomposites, alloys, and synthetic polymers. Small-angle X-ray scattering ... | Biological small-angle scattering | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 3,532 | [
"Polymer physics",
"X-rays",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Polymer chemistry"
] |
910,234 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cut-elimination%20theorem | The cut-elimination theorem (or Gentzen's Hauptsatz) is the central result establishing the significance of the sequent calculus. It was originally proved by Gerhard Gentzen in part I of his landmark 1935 paper "Investigations in Logical Deduction" for the systems LJ and LK formalising intuitionistic and classical logi... | Cut-elimination theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 959 | [
"Mathematical theorems",
"Foundations of mathematics",
"Proof theory",
"Mathematical logic",
"Mathematical problems",
"Theorems in the foundations of mathematics"
] |
910,263 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaiian%20earring | In mathematics, the Hawaiian earring is the topological space defined by the union of circles in the Euclidean plane with center and radius for endowed with the subspace topology:
The space is homeomorphic to the one-point compactification of the union of a countable family of disjoint open intervals.
The Hawai... | Hawaiian earring | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,066 | [
"Topological spaces",
"Mathematical structures",
"Topology",
"Space (mathematics)"
] |
910,281 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variscite | Variscite is a hydrated aluminium phosphate mineral (). It is a relatively rare phosphate mineral. It is sometimes confused with turquoise; however, variscite is usually greener in color. The green color results from the presence of small amounts of trivalent chromium ().
Geology
Variscite is a secondary mineral forme... | Variscite | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 546 | [
"Luminescence",
"Luminescent minerals",
"Materials",
"Gemstones",
"Matter"
] |
910,505 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof-theoretic%20semantics | Proof-theoretic semantics is an approach to the semantics of logic that attempts to locate the meaning of propositions and logical connectives not in terms of interpretations, as in Tarskian approaches to semantics, but in the role that the proposition or logical connective plays within a system of inference.
Overview... | Proof-theoretic semantics | [
"Mathematics"
] | 479 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Proof theory"
] |
34,437,234 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20Fair | Energy Fair in the United Kingdom is a group of six people leading a campaign that claims that the nuclear power industry receives unfair subsidies, consisting of:
Dörte Fouquet, senior partner of the law firm Becker Büttner Held (BBH) and Director of the European Renewable Energies Federation.
Antony Froggatt, energy... | Energy Fair | [
"Engineering"
] | 377 | [
"Nuclear organizations",
"Anti-nuclear organizations"
] |
34,439,024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California%20Building%20Standards%20Code | The California Building Standards Code is the building code for California, and Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations (CCR). It is maintained by the California Building Standards Commission which is granted the authority to oversee processes related to the California building codes by California Building Stand... | California Building Standards Code | [
"Engineering"
] | 490 | [
"Building engineering",
"Building codes"
] |
34,439,226 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobi%20ellipsoid | A Jacobi ellipsoid is a triaxial (i.e. scalene) ellipsoid under hydrostatic equilibrium which arises when a self-gravitating, fluid body of uniform density rotates with a constant angular velocity. It is named after the German mathematician Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi.
History
Before Jacobi, the Maclaurin spheroid, which... | Jacobi ellipsoid | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy",
"Engineering"
] | 828 | [
"Concepts in astronomy",
"Chemical engineering",
"Astrophysics",
"Equations of astronomy",
"Piping",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
549,322 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial%20light%20modulator | A spatial light modulator (SLM) is a device that can control the intensity, phase, or polarization of light in a spatially varying manner. A simple example is an overhead projector transparency. Usually when the term SLM is used, it means that the transparency can be controlled by a computer.
SLMs are primarily market... | Spatial light modulator | [
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,241 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Optical components",
"Optical devices",
"Electronic engineering",
"Display technology",
"Components"
] |
549,742 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdet%20constant | The Verdet constant is an optical property named after the French physicist Émile Verdet. It describes the strength of the Faraday effect for a particular material. For a constant magnetic field parallel to the path of the light, it can be calculated as
where is the angle between the starting and ending polarizati... | Verdet constant | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 410 | [
"Optical phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Magneto-optic effects"
] |
549,787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernico | Fernico describes a family of metal alloys made primarily of iron, nickel and cobalt. The family includes Kovar, FerNiCo I, FerNiCo II, and Dumet. The name is made up of the chemical symbols of its constituent three elements. "Dumet" is a portmanteau of "dual" and "metal," because it is a heterogeneous alloy, usually f... | Fernico | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 544 | [
"Ferrous alloys",
"Alloy stubs",
"Ferromagnetic materials",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Materials science",
"Magnetic alloys",
"Materials",
"Alloys",
"Matter"
] |
550,137 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic%20operator | In the theory of partial differential equations, elliptic operators are differential operators that generalize the Laplace operator. They are defined by the condition that the coefficients of the highest-order derivatives be positive, which implies the key property that the principal symbol is invertible, or equivale... | Elliptic operator | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,554 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Differential operators"
] |
550,622 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraquark | In particle physics, a tetraquark is an exotic meson composed of four valence quarks. A tetraquark state has long been suspected to be allowed by quantum chromodynamics, the modern theory of strong interactions. A tetraquark state is an example of an exotic hadron that lies outside the conventional quark model classif... | Tetraquark | [
"Physics"
] | 786 | [
"Nuclear physics"
] |
551,359 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20quantum%20number | In atomic physics, a magnetic quantum number is a quantum number used to distinguish quantum states of an electron or other particle according to its angular momentum along a given axis in space. The orbital magnetic quantum number ( or ) distinguishes the orbitals available within a given subshell of an atom. It speci... | Magnetic quantum number | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,052 | [
"Quantum chemistry",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum numbers",
"Rotational symmetry",
"Atomic physics",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
"Symmetry",
" and optical physics"
] |
552,234 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluctuation%E2%80%93dissipation%20theorem | The fluctuation–dissipation theorem (FDT) or fluctuation–dissipation relation (FDR) is a powerful tool in statistical physics for predicting the behavior of systems that obey detailed balance. Given that a system obeys detailed balance, the theorem is a proof that thermodynamic fluctuations in a physical variable pred... | Fluctuation–dissipation theorem | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,448 | [
"Theorems in dynamical systems",
"Equations of physics",
"Non-equilibrium thermodynamics",
"Statistical mechanics theorems",
"Theorems in mathematical physics",
"Dynamical systems",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Physics theorems"
] |
553,121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulation%20of%20gene%20expression | Regulation of gene expression, or gene regulation, includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA). Sophisticated programs of gene expression are widely observed in biology, for example to trigger developmental pathways, respon... | Regulation of gene expression | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 4,969 | [
"Gene expression",
"Biochemical reactions",
"Post-translational modification",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
553,182 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activator%20%28genetics%29 | A transcriptional activator is a protein (transcription factor) that increases transcription of a gene or set of genes. Activators are considered to have positive control over gene expression, as they function to promote gene transcription and, in some cases, are required for the transcription of genes to occur. Most a... | Activator (genetics) | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,486 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
553,950 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%20band | The X band is the designation for a band of frequencies in the microwave radio region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In some cases, such as in communication engineering, the frequency range of the X band is rather indefinitely set at approximately 7.0–11.2 GHz. In radar engineering, the frequency range is specified b... | X band | [
"Physics"
] | 1,190 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Radio frequency propagation",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Waves"
] |
1,391,942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientation%20%28vector%20space%29 | The orientation of a real vector space or simply orientation of a vector space is the arbitrary choice of which ordered bases are "positively" oriented and which are "negatively" oriented. In the three-dimensional Euclidean space, right-handed bases are typically declared to be positively oriented, but the choice is ar... | Orientation (vector space) | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,945 | [
"Topology",
"Space",
"Geometry",
"Linear algebra",
"Spacetime",
"Orientation (geometry)",
"Algebra"
] |
1,392,242 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20tower%20%28downdraft%29 | The energy tower is a device for producing electrical power. The brainchild of Dr. Phillip Carlson, expanded by Professor Dan Zaslavsky from the Technion. Energy towers spray water on hot air at the top of the tower, making the cooled air fall through the tower and drive a turbine at the tower's bottom.
Concept
An e... | Energy tower (downdraft) | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,387 | [
"Power (physics)",
"Electrical engineering",
"Electric power",
"Physical quantities"
] |
1,392,377 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catagenesis%20%28biology%29 | Catagenesis is a somewhat archaic term from evolutionary biology referring to evolutionary directions that were considered "retrogressive." It was a term used in contrast to anagenesis, which in present usage denotes the evolution of a single population into a new form without branching lines of descent.
The earliest... | Catagenesis (biology) | [
"Biology"
] | 136 | [
"Evolutionary biology"
] |
1,392,495 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiefel%20manifold | In mathematics, the Stiefel manifold is the set of all orthonormal k-frames in That is, it is the set of ordered orthonormal k-tuples of vectors in It is named after Swiss mathematician Eduard Stiefel. Likewise one can define the complex Stiefel manifold of orthonormal k-frames in and the quaternionic Stiefel mani... | Stiefel manifold | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,318 | [
"Group actions",
"Homogeneous spaces",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Topological spaces",
"Topology",
"Manifolds",
"Geometry",
"Symmetry"
] |
1,392,630 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basement%20membrane | The basement membrane, also known as base membrane, is a thin, pliable sheet-like type of extracellular matrix that provides cell and tissue support and acts as a platform for complex signalling. The basement membrane sits between epithelial tissues including mesothelium and endothelium, and the underlying connective t... | Basement membrane | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,064 | [
"Histology",
"Microscopy"
] |
1,392,969 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solarization%20%28physics%29 | Solarization refers to a phenomenon in physics where a material undergoes a temporary change in color after being subjected to high-energy electromagnetic radiation, such as ultraviolet light or X-rays. Clear glass and many plastics will turn amber, green or other colors when subjected to X-radiation, and glass may tur... | Solarization (physics) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Astronomy",
"Engineering"
] | 247 | [
"Spectroscopy stubs",
" and optical physics stubs",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Chromism",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Materials science",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
"Smart materials",
"Molecular physics stubs",
"Spectroscopy",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
" and optical physics"
] |
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