id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2,016,336 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20CAD%20Standard | The National CAD Standard (NCS) is a collaborative effort in the United States among computer-aided design (CAD) and building information modeling (BIM) users. Its goal is to create a unified approach to the creation of building design data. Development of the NCS is open to all building professionals in a collaborativ... | National CAD Standard | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 140 | [
"Computer-aided design",
"Design engineering",
"Physical quantities",
"Computer standards",
"Quantity",
"Measurement",
"Size",
"Architecture stubs",
"Architecture"
] |
2,017,203 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nichols%20plot | The Nichols plot is a plot used in signal processing and control design, named after American engineer Nathaniel B. Nichols. It plots the phase response versus the response magnitude of a transfer function for any given frequency, and as such is useful in characterizing a system's frequency response.
Use in control de... | Nichols plot | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 286 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Computer engineering",
"Signal processing"
] |
2,017,311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least%20mean%20squares%20filter | Least mean squares (LMS) algorithms are a class of adaptive filter used to mimic a desired filter by finding the filter coefficients that relate to producing the least mean square of the error signal (difference between the desired and the actual signal). It is a stochastic gradient descent method in that the filter is... | Least mean squares filter | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,962 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Filter theory"
] |
2,018,430 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Dangermond | Jack Dangermond (born 1945) is an American billionaire businessman and environmental scientist, who in 1969 co-founded, with Laura Dangermond, the Environmental Systems Research Institute (Esri), a privately held geographic information systems (GIS) software company. As of July 2023, his net worth was estimated at US$9... | Jack Dangermond | [
"Environmental_science"
] | 748 | [
"American environmental scientists",
"Environmental scientists"
] |
1,381,368 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superlattice | A superlattice is a periodic structure of layers of two (or more) materials. Typically, the thickness of one layer is several nanometers. It can also refer to a lower-dimensional structure such as an array of quantum dots or quantum wells.
Discovery
Superlattices were discovered early in 1925 by Johansson and Linde ... | Superlattice | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 2,903 | [
"Spintronics",
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Matter"
] |
1,382,381 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal%20transformation | In linear algebra, an orthogonal transformation is a linear transformation T : V → V on a real inner product space V, that preserves the inner product. That is, for each pair of elements of V, we have
Since the lengths of vectors and the angles between them are defined through the inner product, orthogonal transfo... | Orthogonal transformation | [
"Mathematics"
] | 403 | [
"Linear algebra",
"Algebra"
] |
1,383,899 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear%20time-invariant%20system | In system analysis, among other fields of study, a linear time-invariant (LTI) system is a system that produces an output signal from any input signal subject to the constraints of linearity and time-invariance; these terms are briefly defined in the overview below. These properties apply (exactly or approximately) to ... | Linear time-invariant system | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 3,967 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Computer engineering",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Signal processing",
"Frequency-domain analysis",
"Electrical engineering"
] |
1,384,005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption%20%28electromagnetic%20radiation%29 | In physics, absorption of electromagnetic radiation is how matter (typically electrons bound in atoms) takes up a photon's energy—and so transforms electromagnetic energy into internal energy of the absorber (for example, thermal energy).
A notable effect of the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is attenuation o... | Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 896 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Glass engineering and science",
"Physical phenomena",
" absorption and radiative transfer (optics)",
"Molecular physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Electromagnetic radiation",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Waves",
"Glass physics",
"Radiation",
"Scattering",
"Conden... |
1,386,588 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/21st%20Century%20Medicine | 21st Century Medicine (21CM) is a California cryobiological research company which has as its primary focus the development of perfusates and protocols for viable long-term cryopreservation of human organs, tissues and cells at temperatures below −100 °C through the use of vitrification. 21CM was founded in 1993.
In 2... | 21st Century Medicine | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 235 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Cryogenics",
"Cryobiology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
2,809,585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photobleaching | In optics, photobleaching (sometimes termed fading) is the photochemical alteration of a dye or a fluorophore molecule such that it is permanently unable to fluoresce. This is caused by cleaving of covalent bonds or non-specific reactions between the fluorophore and surrounding molecules. Such irreversible modification... | Photobleaching | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 754 | [
"Luminescence",
"Fluorescence",
"Cell biology",
"Microscopy",
"Cell imaging"
] |
2,812,893 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yilmaz%20theory%20of%20gravitation | The Yilmaz theory of gravitation is an attempt by Huseyin Yilmaz (1924–2013; Turkish: Hüseyin Yılmaz) and his coworkers to formulate a classical field theory of gravitation which is similar to general relativity in weak-field conditions, but in which event horizons cannot appear.
Yilmaz's work has been criticized on t... | Yilmaz theory of gravitation | [
"Physics"
] | 489 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Theories of gravity"
] |
2,812,977 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pair%20of%20pants%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, a pair of pants is a surface which is homeomorphic to the three-holed sphere. The name comes from considering one of the removed disks as the waist and the two others as the cuffs of a pair of pants.
Pairs of pants are used as building blocks for compact surfaces in various theories. Two important appl... | Pair of pants (mathematics) | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,846 | [
"Spacetime",
"Topology",
"Space",
"Geometry"
] |
2,814,021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-range | In statistics, the mid-range or mid-extreme is a measure of central tendency of a sample defined as the arithmetic mean of the maximum and minimum values of the data set:
The mid-range is closely related to the range, a measure of statistical dispersion defined as the difference between maximum and minimum values.
Th... | Mid-range | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,196 | [
"Means",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Point (geometry)",
"Geometric centers",
"Symmetry"
] |
2,814,326 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective%20atomic%20number%20%28compounds%20and%20mixtures%29 | The atomic number of a material exhibits a strong and fundamental relationship with the nature of radiation interactions within that medium. There are numerous mathematical descriptions of different interaction processes that are dependent on the atomic number, . When dealing with composite media (i.e. a bulk material ... | Effective atomic number (compounds and mixtures) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 733 | [
"Quantum mechanics",
"Atomic physics",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
" and optical physics"
] |
2,814,347 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming%20complexity | Programming complexity (or software complexity) is a term that includes software properties that affect internal interactions. Several commentators distinguish between the terms "complex" and "complicated". Complicated implies being difficult to understand, but ultimately knowable. Complex, by contrast, describes the i... | Programming complexity | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 949 | [
"Software engineering",
"Quantity",
"Metrics",
"Software metrics"
] |
31,425,048 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20similarity%20%28Reynolds%20and%20Womersley%20numbers%29 | In fluid mechanics, dynamic similarity is the phenomenon that when there are two geometrically similar vessels (same shape, different sizes) with the same boundary conditions (e.g., no-slip, center-line velocity) and the same Reynolds and Womersley numbers, then the fluid flows will be identical. This can be seen from ... | Dynamic similarity (Reynolds and Womersley numbers) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 912 | [
"Biomechanics",
"Chemical engineering",
"Mechanics",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
31,430,040 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model-dependent%20realism | Model-dependent realism is a view of scientific inquiry that focuses on the role of scientific models of phenomena. It claims reality should be interpreted based upon these models, and where several models overlap in describing a particular subject, multiple, equally valid, realities exist. It claims that it is meaning... | Model-dependent realism | [
"Physics"
] | 673 | [
"Philosophy of physics",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics"
] |
20,251,284 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20gain%20ratio | In decision tree learning, information gain ratio is a ratio of information gain to the intrinsic information. It was proposed by Ross Quinlan, to reduce a bias towards multi-valued attributes by taking the number and size of branches into account when choosing
an attribute.
Information gain is also known as mutual in... | Information gain ratio | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 975 | [
"Dynamical systems",
"Entropy",
"Physical quantities",
"Entropy and information"
] |
20,252,949 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction%20estimating%20software | Construction cost estimating software is computer software designed for contractors to estimate construction costs for a specific project. A cost estimator will typically use estimating software to estimate their bid price for a project, which will ultimately become part of a resulting construction contract. Some arch... | Construction estimating software | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,370 | [
"Cost engineering",
"Construction",
"Construction software"
] |
20,256,470 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salcomine | Salcomine is a coordination complex derived from the salen ligand and cobalt. The complex, which is planar, and a variety of its derivatives are carriers for O2 as well as oxidation catalysts.
Preparation and structure
Salcomine is commercially available. It may be synthesized from cobalt(II) acetate and salenH2.
Sal... | Salcomine | [
"Chemistry"
] | 307 | [
"Coordination chemistry",
"Metal salen complexes"
] |
20,260,077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind%20wave%20model | In fluid dynamics, wind wave modeling describes the effort to depict the sea state and predict the evolution of the energy of wind waves using numerical techniques. These simulations consider atmospheric wind forcing, nonlinear wave interactions, and frictional dissipation, and they output statistics describing wave he... | Wind wave model | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 3,589 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Water waves",
"Waves",
"Physical oceanography",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
20,261,953 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects%20of%20fatigue%20on%20safety | Fatigue is a major safety concern in many fields, but especially in transportation, because fatigue can result in disastrous accidents. Fatigue is considered an internal precondition for unsafe acts because it negatively affects the human operator's internal state. Research has generally focused on pilots, truck driver... | Effects of fatigue on safety | [
"Physics"
] | 2,055 | [
"Physical systems",
"Transport",
"Transport safety"
] |
20,262,149 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinomial%20tree | The trinomial tree is a lattice-based computational model used in financial mathematics to price options. It was developed by Phelim Boyle in 1986. It is an extension of the binomial options pricing model, and is conceptually similar. It can also be shown that the approach is equivalent to the explicit finite differenc... | Trinomial tree | [
"Mathematics"
] | 758 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Mathematical finance"
] |
34,400,236 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroballistic%20Range%20Association | The Aeroballistic Range Association (ARA) is a nonprofit organization for facilities engaged in research in ballistics and the developing of guns and related launchers.
Purpose
The organization was formed to share information about facility design, instrumentation development and range operations. The organization ho... | Aeroballistic Range Association | [
"Physics"
] | 188 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Ballistics"
] |
34,406,020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAV001 | SAV001-H is the first candidate preventive HIV vaccine using a killed or "dead" version of the HIV-1 virus (inactivated vaccine).
The vaccine was developed by Dr. Chil-Yong Kang and his research team at Western University’s Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry in Canada.
The results of the Phase I clinical trial, ... | SAV001 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,273 | [
"HIV vaccine research",
"Drug discovery"
] |
34,407,360 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovac%27s%20reagent | Kovács reagent is a biochemical reagent consisting of isoamyl alcohol, para-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB), and concentrated hydrochloric acid. It is used for the diagnostical indole test, to determine the ability of the organism to split indole from the amino acid tryptophan. The indole produced yields a red comple... | Kovac's reagent | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 231 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Biochemistry",
"Chemical tests"
] |
34,409,273 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum%20activity%20of%20peripheral%20deiodinases | The sum activity of peripheral deiodinases (GD, also referred to as deiodination capacity, total deiodinase activity or, if calculated from levels of thyroid hormones, as SPINA-GD) is the maximum amount of triiodothyronine produced per time-unit under conditions of substrate saturation. It is assumed to reflect the act... | Sum activity of peripheral deiodinases | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,377 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Blood tests",
"Chemical pathology",
"Structure parameters of thyroid function"
] |
3,771,707 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature%20Materials | Nature Materials is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Nature Portfolio. It was launched in September 2002. Vincent Dusastre is the launching and current chief editor.
Aims and scope
Nature Materials is focused on all topics within the combined disciplines of materials science and engineering. Top... | Nature Materials | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 451 | [
"Materials science journals",
"Materials science"
] |
3,771,715 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stacking-fault%20energy | The stacking-fault energy (SFE) is a materials property on a very small scale. It is noted as γSFE in units of energy per area.
A stacking fault is an interruption of the normal stacking sequence of atomic planes in a close-packed crystal structure. These interruptions carry a certain stacking-fault energy. The width ... | Stacking-fault energy | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,147 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Materials science",
"nan"
] |
3,774,763 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel%20parameters | The Michel parameters, usually denoted by and , are four parameters used in describing the phase space distribution of leptonic decays of charged leptons, . They are named after the physicist Louis Michel. Sometimes instead of , the product is quoted. Within the Standard Model of electroweak interactions, these param... | Michel parameters | [
"Physics"
] | 330 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Electroweak theory",
"Fundamental interactions",
"Particle physics",
"Particle physics stubs"
] |
3,775,248 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nychthemeron | Nychthemeron , occasionally nycthemeron or nuchthemeron, is a period of 24 consecutive hours. It is sometimes used, especially in technical literature, to avoid the ambiguity inherent in the term day.
It is the period of time that a calendar normally labels with a date, although a nychthemeron simply designates a time... | Nychthemeron | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 273 | [
"Calendars",
"Physical quantities",
"Time",
"Time stubs",
"Units of time",
"Quantity",
"Spacetime",
"Units of measurement"
] |
3,776,351 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorization%20of%20polynomials | In mathematics and computer algebra, factorization of polynomials or polynomial factorization expresses a polynomial with coefficients in a given field or in the integers as the product of irreducible factors with coefficients in the same domain. Polynomial factorization is one of the fundamental components of compute... | Factorization of polynomials | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology"
] | 3,630 | [
"Polynomials",
"Computer algebra",
"Computational mathematics",
"Computer science",
"Arithmetic",
"Factorization",
"Algebra"
] |
32,918,892 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Features%20new%20to%20Windows%208 | The transition from Windows 7 to Windows 8 introduced a number of new features across various aspects of the operating system. These include a greater focus on optimizing the operating system for touchscreen-based devices (such as tablets) and cloud computing.
Development platform
Language and standards support
Win... | Features new to Windows 8 | [
"Technology"
] | 9,734 | [
"Software features"
] |
32,922,845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RaptorX | RaptorX is a software and web server for protein structure and function prediction that is free for non-commercial use. RaptorX is among the most popular methods for protein structure prediction. Like other remote homology recognition and protein threading techniques, RaptorX is able to regularly generate reliable prot... | RaptorX | [
"Mathematics"
] | 626 | [
"Computational science",
"Applied mathematics"
] |
32,923,154 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edotreotide | Edotreotide (USAN, also known as (DOTA0-Phe1-Tyr3) octreotide, DOTA-TOC, DOTATOC) is a substance which, when bound to various radionuclides, is used in the treatment and diagnosis of certain types of cancer. When used therapeutically it is an example of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy.
Yttrium-90
A phase I clin... | Edotreotide | [
"Chemistry"
] | 295 | [
"Medicinal radiochemistry",
"Organic compounds",
"Macrocycles",
"Radiopharmaceuticals",
"Chemicals in medicine"
] |
22,765,181 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony%20Ichiro%20Sanda | is a Japanese-American particle physicist. Along with Ikaros Bigi, he was awarded the 2004 Sakurai Prize for his work on CP violation and B meson decays.
Academic life
Sanda studied at the University of Illinois (B.S. 1965) and Princeton University (Ph.D. 1969). He was a researcher at Columbia University from 1971 to ... | Anthony Ichiro Sanda | [
"Physics"
] | 464 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Theoretical physicists",
"Particle physics",
"Particle physicists"
] |
22,767,922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FEHM | FEHM is a groundwater model that has been developed in the Earth and Environmental Sciences Division at Los Alamos National Laboratory over the past 30 years. The executable is available free at the FEHM Website. The capabilities of the code have expanded over the years to include multiphase flow of heat and mass wit... | FEHM | [
"Physics",
"Engineering",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 701 | [
"Hydrology",
"Biological models",
"Environmental modelling",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Civil engineering",
"Hydrology models",
"Hydraulic engineering"
] |
22,771,327 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mie%E2%80%93Gr%C3%BCneisen%20equation%20of%20state | The Mie–Grüneisen equation of state is an equation of state that relates the pressure and volume of a solid at a given temperature. It is used to determine the pressure in a shock-compressed solid. The Mie–Grüneisen relation is a special form of the Grüneisen model which describes the effect that changing the volume ... | Mie–Grüneisen equation of state | [
"Physics"
] | 929 | [
"Solid mechanics",
"Equations of physics",
"Continuum mechanics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Mechanics",
"Equations of state"
] |
22,773,636 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-topological%20soliton | In quantum field theory, a non-topological soliton (NTS) is a soliton field configuration possessing, contrary to a topological one, a conserved Noether charge and stable against transformation into usual particles of this field for the following reason. For fixed charge Q, the mass sum of Q free particles exceeds the ... | Non-topological soliton | [
"Physics"
] | 3,836 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
22,775,557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid%20rheostat | A liquid rheostat or water rheostat or salt water rheostat is a type of variable resistor.
This may be used as a dummy load or as a starting resistor for large slip ring motors.
In the simplest form it consists of a tank containing brine or other electrolyte solution, in which electrodes are submerged to create an e... | Liquid rheostat | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,044 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Resistive components",
"Power (physics)",
"Electrochemistry",
"Materials testing",
"Electric power",
"Nondestructive testing",
"Electrical engineering",
"Electrical resistance and conductance"
] |
27,567,102 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix%20difference%20equation | A matrix difference equation is a difference equation in which the value of a vector (or sometimes, a matrix) of variables at one point in time is related to its own value at one or more previous points in time, using matrices. The order of the equation is the maximum time gap between any two indicated values of the va... | Matrix difference equation | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,200 | [
"Recurrence relations",
"Mathematical objects",
"Matrices (mathematics)",
"Mathematical relations",
"Mechanics",
"Linear algebra",
"Algebra",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
27,569,419 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream%20competency | In hydrology stream competency, also known as stream competence, is a measure of the maximum size of particles a stream can transport. The particles are made up of grain sizes ranging from large to small and include boulders, rocks, pebbles, sand, silt, and clay. These particles make up the bed load of the stream. Stre... | Stream competency | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,547 | [
"Hydrology",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
35,591,174 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard%20Schrader | Bernhard Schrader (15 March 1931 – 8 January 2012) was a German professor of Theoretical and Physical Chemistry and teaching until his retirement in 1996 at the University of Essen, where he died. Schrader was an internationally acclaimed pioneer of experimental molecular spectroscopy in Germany, especially of Raman- a... | Bernhard Schrader | [
"Chemistry"
] | 949 | [
"Quantum chemistry",
"Physical chemists",
"Organic chemists",
"Theoretical chemistry",
"German organic chemists",
"Theoretical chemists"
] |
35,592,512 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated%20vehicle%20health%20management | Integrated vehicle health management (IVHM) or integrated system health management (ISHM) is the unified capability of systems to assess the current or future state of the member system health and integrate that picture of system health within a framework of available resources and operational demand.
Aims of IVHM
The... | Integrated vehicle health management | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,037 | [
"Maintenance",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
35,597,206 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoionic%20carbene | In chemistry, mesoionic carbenes (MICs) are a type of reactive intermediate that are related to N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs); thus, MICs are also referred to as abnormal N-heterocyclic carbenes (aNHCs) or remote N-heterocyclic carbenes (rNHCs). Unlike simple NHCs, the canonical resonance structures of these carbenes ... | Mesoionic carbene | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,343 | [
"Ligands",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Coordination chemistry",
"Organic compounds",
"Carbenes",
"Organometallic chemistry"
] |
28,844,729 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plague%20doctor%20costume | The clothing worn by plague doctors was intended to protect them from airborne diseases during outbreaks of bubonic plague in Europe. It is often seen as a symbol of death and disease. Contrary to popular belief, no evidence suggests that the beak mask costume was worn during the Black Death or the Middle Ages. The cos... | Plague doctor costume | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,941 | [
"Gas masks",
"Medical equipment",
"Medical technology"
] |
21,333,190 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogoliubov%20inner%20product | The Bogoliubov inner product (also known as the Duhamel two-point function, Bogolyubov inner product, Bogoliubov scalar product, or Kubo–Mori–Bogoliubov inner product) is a special inner product in the space of operators. The Bogoliubov inner product appears in quantum statistical mechanics and is named after theoretic... | Bogoliubov inner product | [
"Physics"
] | 259 | [
"Statistical mechanics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
21,333,258 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogoliubov%E2%80%93Parasyuk%20theorem | The Bogoliubov–Parasyuk theorem in quantum field theory states that renormalized Green's functions and matrix elements of the scattering matrix (S-matrix) are free of ultraviolet divergencies. Green's functions and scattering matrix are the fundamental objects in quantum field theory which determine basic physically me... | Bogoliubov–Parasyuk theorem | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 453 | [
"Theorems in quantum mechanics",
"Quantum field theory",
"Equations of physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theorems in mathematical physics",
"Physics theorems"
] |
21,333,387 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20mass%20spectrometry%20acronyms | This is a compilation of initialisms and acronyms commonly used in mass spectrometry.
A
ADI – Ambient desorption ionization
AE – Appearance energy
AFADESI – Air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization
AFAI – Air flow-assisted ionization
AFAPA – Aerosol flowing atmospheric-pressure afterglow
AGHIS – All... | List of mass spectrometry acronyms | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,425 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Mass",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Matter"
] |
21,333,500 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%20capture%20ionization | Electron capture ionization is the ionization of a gas phase atom or molecule by attachment of an electron to create an ion of the form A^-. The reaction is
A + e^- ->[M]A^-
where the M over the arrow denotes that to conserve energy and momentum a third body is required (the molecularity of the reaction is three).
E... | Electron capture ionization | [
"Physics"
] | 1,212 | [
"Ion source",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
21,337,035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balayage | In potential theory, a mathematical discipline, balayage (from French: balayage "scanning, sweeping") is a method devised by Henri Poincaré for reconstructing an harmonic function in a domain from its values on the boundary of the domain.
In modern terms, the balayage operator maps a measure μ on a closed domain D to ... | Balayage | [
"Mathematics"
] | 156 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical analysis stubs",
"Mathematical objects",
"Potential theory",
"Mathematical relations"
] |
21,337,146 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron-beam%20furnace | An electron-beam furnace (EB furnace) is a type of vacuum furnace employing high-energy electron beam in vacuum as the means for delivery of heat to the material being melted. It is one of the electron-beam technologies.
Use
Electron-beam furnaces are used for production and refining of high-purity metals (especially ... | Electron-beam furnace | [
"Chemistry"
] | 162 | [
"Metallurgical processes",
"Industrial furnaces"
] |
6,724,915 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrot | A hybrot (short for "hybrid robot") is a cybernetic organism in the form of a robot controlled by a computer consisting of both electronic and biological elements. The biological elements are typically rat neurons connected to a computer chip.
This feat was first accomplished in 2003 by Dr. Steve M. Potter, a professo... | Hybrot | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 453 | [
"Physical systems",
"Machines",
"Robots"
] |
6,725,153 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KT88 | The KT88 is a beam tetrode/kinkless tetrode (hence "KT") vacuum tube for audio amplification.
Features
The KT88 fits a standard eight-pin octal socket and has similar pinout and applications as the 6L6 and EL34. Specifically designed for audio amplification, the KT88 has higher plate power and voltage ratings than th... | KT88 | [
"Physics"
] | 571 | [
"Vacuum tubes",
"Vacuum",
"Matter"
] |
6,725,298 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORDATA | ORDATA is a United States government database of landmines and other unexploded ordnance, developed to assist humanitarian demining work. The original version of ORDATA released in 1997 was CD-ROM based, and incorporated material from the earlier Minefacts program. ORDATA 2.0 was distributed on a CD-ROM and on the Inte... | ORDATA | [
"Engineering"
] | 160 | [
"Military engineering",
"Mine warfare"
] |
6,725,558 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature%20Medicine | Nature Medicine is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by Nature Portfolio covering all aspects of medicine. It was established in 1995. The journal seeks to publish research papers that "demonstrate novel insight into disease processes, with direct evidence of the physiological relevance of the results".... | Nature Medicine | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 189 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Biochemistry journals",
"Biochemistry literature",
"Molecular biology"
] |
6,727,704 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metering%20pump | A metering pump moves a precise volume of liquid in a specified time period providing an accurate volumetric flow rate.
Delivery of fluids in precise adjustable flow rates is sometimes called metering. The term "metering pump" is based on the application or use rather than the exact kind of pump used, although a coup... | Metering pump | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,652 | [
"Pumps",
"Turbomachinery",
"Chemical engineering",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
6,729,866 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase%20offset%20modulation | Phase offset modulation works by overlaying two instances of a periodic waveform on top of each other. (In software synthesis, the waveform is usually generated by using a lookup table.) The two instances of the waveform are kept slightly out of sync with each other, as one is further ahead or further behind in its cyc... | Phase offset modulation | [
"Physics"
] | 202 | [
"Waves",
"Wave mechanics",
"Physical phenomena",
"Classical mechanics"
] |
6,729,896 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface%20reconstruction | Surface reconstruction refers to the process by which atoms at the surface of a crystal assume a different structure than that of the bulk. Surface reconstructions are important in that they help in the understanding of surface chemistry for various materials, especially in the case where another material is adsorbed o... | Surface reconstruction | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 2,401 | [
"Phases of matter",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Matter",
"Materials science"
] |
6,730,049 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walloon%20forge | A Walloon forge (or Walloon process) is a type of finery forge that decarbonizes pig iron into wrought iron.
The process was conceived in the Liège region, and from there extended to France, then England around the end of the 15th century. Louis de Geer brought it to Roslagen in Sweden at the beginning of the 17th cen... | Walloon forge | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 504 | [
"Metallurgical processes",
"Steelmaking",
"Metallurgy"
] |
6,732,326 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cn3D | Cn3D is a Windows, Macintosh and Unix-based software from the United States National Library of Medicine that acts as a helper application for web browsers to view three-dimensional structures from The National Center for Biotechnology Information's Entrez retrieval service. It "simultaneously displays structure, seque... | Cn3D | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 221 | [
"Molecular modelling software",
"Molecular physics",
"Computational chemistry software",
"Bioinformatics software",
"Bioinformatics",
"Molecular modelling",
"Molecular physics stubs"
] |
6,732,328 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Target-site%20overlap | In a zinc finger protein, certain sequences of amino acid residues are able to recognise and bind to an extended target-site of four or even five nucleotides When this occurs in a ZFP in which the three-nucleotide subsites are contiguous, one zinc finger interferes with the target-site of the zinc finger adjacent to it... | Target-site overlap | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 524 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Molecular biology"
] |
6,732,448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoglin | Endoglin (ENG) is a type I membrane glycoprotein located on cell surfaces and is part of the TGF beta receptor complex. It is also commonly referred to as CD105, END, FLJ41744, HHT1, ORW and ORW1. It has a crucial role in angiogenesis, therefore, making it an important protein for tumor growth, survival and metastasis ... | Endoglin | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,533 | [
"Neurochemistry",
"Growth factors",
"Biochemistry",
"Signal transduction"
] |
6,732,652 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbs%E2%80%93Donnan%20effect | The Gibbs–Donnan effect (also known as the Donnan's effect, Donnan law, Donnan equilibrium, or Gibbs–Donnan equilibrium) is a name for the behaviour of charged particles near a semi-permeable membrane that sometimes fail to distribute evenly across the two sides of the membrane. The usual cause is the presence of a di... | Gibbs–Donnan effect | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,118 | [
"Colloidal chemistry",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Colloids",
"Surface science",
"nan",
"Physical chemistry"
] |
25,707,847 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20fluvial%20landforms | Landforms related to rivers and other watercourses include:
(watershed)
Fluvial landforms of streams
(Gorge)
See also
Glossary_of_landforms
Glossary_of_landforms#Fluvial_landforms
F
F | List of fluvial landforms | [
"Environmental_science"
] | 51 | [
"Hydrology",
"Hydrology lists"
] |
5,117,528 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombineering | Recombineering (recombination-mediated genetic engineering) is a genetic and molecular biology technique based on homologous recombination systems, as opposed to the older/more common method of using restriction enzymes and ligases to combine DNA sequences in a specified order. Recombineering is widely used for bacter... | Recombineering | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 1,558 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Biological engineering",
"Genetic engineering",
"Molecular biology"
] |
5,118,041 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constraint%20algebra | In theoretical physics, a constraint algebra is a linear space of all constraints and all of their polynomial functions or functionals whose action on the physical vectors of the Hilbert space should be equal to zero.
For example, in electromagnetism, the equation for the Gauss' law
is an equation of motion that does... | Constraint algebra | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 166 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"String theory",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
5,120,902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perindopril | Perindopril is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, or stable coronary artery disease. As a long-acting ACE inhibitor, it works by relaxing blood vessels and decreasing blood volume. As a prodrug, perindopril is hydrolyzed in the liver to its active metabolite, perindoprilat. It was patented ... | Perindopril | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,421 | [
"Chemicals in medicine",
"Stereochemistry",
"Enantiopure drugs",
"Prodrugs"
] |
5,121,058 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grob%20fragmentation | A Grob fragmentation is an elimination reaction that breaks a neutral aliphatic chain into three fragments: a positive ion spanning atoms 1 and 2 (the "electrofuge"), an unsaturated neutral fragment spanning positions 3 and 4, and a negative ion (the "nucleofuge") comprising the rest of the chain.
For example, the pos... | Grob fragmentation | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,034 | [
"Name reactions"
] |
5,121,157 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium%20methoxide | Sodium methoxide is the simplest sodium alkoxide. With the formula , it is a white solid, which is formed by the deprotonation of methanol. It is a widely used reagent in industry and the laboratory. It is also a dangerously caustic base.
Preparation and structure
Sodium methoxide is prepared by treating methanol ... | Sodium methoxide | [
"Chemistry"
] | 555 | [
"Alkoxides",
"Functional groups",
"Salts",
"Organic compounds",
"Organic sodium salts",
"Bases (chemistry)",
"Organic compounds with 1 carbon atom"
] |
5,122,241 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement%20operator | In the quantum mechanics study of optical phase space, the displacement operator for one mode is the shift operator in quantum optics,
,
where is the amount of displacement in optical phase space, is the complex conjugate of that displacement, and and are the lowering and raising operators, respectively.
The na... | Displacement operator | [
"Physics"
] | 374 | [
"Quantum optics",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
5,122,435 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexibility%20%28engineering%29 | Flexibility is used as an attribute of various types of systems. In the field of engineering systems design, it refers to designs that can adapt when external changes occur. Flexibility has been defined differently in many fields of engineering, architecture, biology, economics, etc. In the context of engineering desig... | Flexibility (engineering) | [
"Engineering"
] | 526 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Civil engineering",
"Construction"
] |
28,856,940 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto%20de%20Plasmas%20e%20Fus%C3%A3o%20Nuclear | Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear (IPFN) (Institute for Plasmas and Nuclear Fusion) is a research unit of Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Lisbon, and a leading Portuguese institution in physics research. IPFN has the status of Associate Laboratory in the thematic areas of controlled nuclear fusion, plasma technolo... | Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 361 | [
"Nuclear fusion",
"Fusion power",
"Plasma physics facilities",
"Plasma physics"
] |
30,313,921 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygon%20experiment | The POLYGON experiment was a pioneer experiment in oceanography conducted in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean during the 1970s. The experiment, led by Leonid Brekhovskikh, was the first to establish the existence of so-called mesoscale eddies, eddies at the and 100-day scale, which triggered the "mesoscale revolution"... | Polygon experiment | [
"Physics",
"Environmental_science"
] | 463 | [
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physics experiments",
"Oceanography",
"Experimental physics"
] |
30,319,597 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CANDLE%20Synchrotron%20Research%20Institute | The Center for the Advancement of Natural Discoveries using Light Emission, more commonly called the CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, is a research institute in Yerevan, Armenia. CANDLE is a project of 3 gigaelectronvolts of energy, a third generation synchrotron light source for fundamental, industrial and appli... | CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute | [
"Materials_science"
] | 148 | [
"Materials testing",
"Synchrotron radiation facilities"
] |
27,579,471 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical%20network%20frequency%20analysis | Electrical network frequency (ENF) analysis is an audio forensics technique for validating audio recordings by comparing frequency changes in background mains hum in the recording with long-term high-precision historical records of mains frequency changes from a database. In effect the mains hum signal is treated as if... | Electrical network frequency analysis | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 469 | [
"Power (physics)",
"Electrical engineering",
"Electric power",
"Physical quantities"
] |
27,582,895 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20catalysis | Magnetic catalysis is a physics phenomenon, which is defined as an enhancement of dynamical symmetry breaking by an external magnetic field in quantum field theory, used for the description of quantum (quasi-)particles in particle physics, nuclear physics and condensed matter physics. The underlying phenomenon is a con... | Magnetic catalysis | [
"Physics"
] | 863 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
24,303,557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C40H56O2 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C40H56O2}}
The molecular formula C40H56O2 (molar mass: 568.87 g/mol) may refer to:
Lutein
Zeaxanthin
Meso-zeaxanthin (3R,3´S-zeaxanthin)
Molecular formulas | C40H56O2 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 70 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
24,303,708 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C24H28O2 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C24H28O2}}
The molecular formula C24H28O2 (molar mass: 348.48 g/mol, exact mass: 348.2089 u) may refer to:
Bexarotene (Targretin)
Machaeriol A
Perrottetinene
SC-4289
Molecular formulas | C24H28O2 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 78 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
24,304,016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.James%20Glass%20%26%20Aluminium | G.James Glass & Aluminium is an Australian industrial company, producing glass and aluminium products. G.James is a major Australian glass processor, aluminium window and door fabricator & contractor and production of extruded aluminium profiles.
Company history
The origin of the G.James Group of Companies began in 1... | G.James Glass & Aluminium | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 248 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Glassmaking companies",
"Engineering companies"
] |
31,437,791 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma%20deep%20drilling%20technology | Plasma deep drilling technology is one of several drilling technologies that may be able to replace conventional, contact-based rotary systems. These new technologies include plasma deep drilling, water jet, hydrothermal spallation and laser. Companies that embrace plasma-drilling method include GA Drilling, headquarte... | Plasma deep drilling technology | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 340 | [
"Plasma technology and applications",
"Mining engineering",
"Plasma physics"
] |
31,440,639 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braunstein%E2%80%93Ghosh%E2%80%93Severini%20entropy | In network theory, the Braunstein–Ghosh–Severini entropy (BGS entropy) of a network is the von Neumann entropy of a density matrix given by a normalized Laplacian matrix of the network. This definition of entropy does not have a clear thermodynamical interpretation. The BGS entropy has been used in the context of quant... | Braunstein–Ghosh–Severini entropy | [
"Physics"
] | 84 | [
"Quantum mechanical entropy",
"Entropy",
"Physical quantities"
] |
545,288 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral%20leakage | The Fourier transform of a function of time, s(t), is a complex-valued function of frequency, S(f), often referred to as a frequency spectrum. Any linear time-invariant operation on s(t) produces a new spectrum of the form H(f)•S(f), which changes the relative magnitudes and/or angles (phase) of the non-zero values of... | Spectral leakage | [
"Physics"
] | 2,703 | [
"Waves",
"Physical phenomena",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
545,525 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health%20physics | Health physics, also referred to as the science of radiation protection, is the profession devoted to protecting people and their environment from potential radiation hazards, while making it possible to enjoy the beneficial uses of radiation. Health physicists normally require a four-year bachelor’s degree and qualify... | Health physics | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 2,218 | [
"Radiation health effects",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Medical physics",
"Radiation effects",
"Radioactivity"
] |
545,825 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impulse%20response | In signal processing and control theory, the impulse response, or impulse response function (IRF), of a dynamic system is its output when presented with a brief input signal, called an impulse (). More generally, an impulse response is the reaction of any dynamic system in response to some external change. In both case... | Impulse response | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,372 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Control theory",
"Analog circuits",
"Electronic engineering",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
545,863 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Step%20response | The step response of a system in a given initial state consists of the time evolution of its outputs when its control inputs are Heaviside step functions. In electronic engineering and control theory, step response is the time behaviour of the outputs of a general system when its inputs change from zero to one in a ver... | Step response | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 3,004 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Computer engineering",
"Signal processing",
"Electronic design",
"Analog circuits",
"Electronic engineering",
"Mechanics",
"Electronic amplifiers",
"Amplifiers",
"Design",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
546,004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norcarane | Norcarane, or bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, is a colorless liquid. It is an organic compound prepared using the Simmons–Smith reaction, by the action of diiodomethane and a zinc-copper couple on cyclohexene in diethyl ether.
References
Hydrocarbons
Cyclopropanes
Cyclohexanes
Bicycloalkanes | Norcarane | [
"Chemistry"
] | 89 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Hydrocarbons"
] |
546,101 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State%20space%20%28computer%20science%29 | In computer science, a state space is a discrete space representing the set of all possible configurations of a "system". It is a useful abstraction for reasoning about the behavior of a given system and is widely used in the fields of artificial intelligence and game theory.
For instance, the toy problem Vacuum World... | State space (computer science) | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,006 | [
"Reconfiguration",
"Computational problems",
"Mechanics",
"Mathematical problems",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
546,120 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrence%20plot | In descriptive statistics and chaos theory, a recurrence plot (RP) is a plot showing, for each moment in time, the times at which the state of a dynamical system returns to the previous state at ,
i.e., when the phase space trajectory visits roughly the same area in the phase space as at time . In other words, it is a... | Recurrence plot | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,481 | [
"Symmetry",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Computer engineering",
"Signal processing",
"Mechanics",
"Scaling symmetries",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
546,406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll-like%20receptor | Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. They are single-spanning receptors usually expressed on sentinel cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes. Once these microbes have reached phy... | Toll-like receptor | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 5,114 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Neurochemistry",
"Signal transduction"
] |
546,674 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/126%20%28number%29 | 126 (one hundred [and] twenty-six) is the natural number following 125 and preceding 127.
In mathematics
As the binomial coefficient , 126 is a central binomial coefficient, and in Pascal's Triangle, it is a pentatope number. 126 is a sum of two cubes, and since 125 + 1 is σ3(5), 126 is the fifth value of the sum of c... | 126 (number) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 379 | [
"Elementary mathematics",
"Integers",
"Mathematical objects",
"Numbers"
] |
547,201 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrupole%20magnet | Quadrupole magnets, abbreviated as Q-magnets, consist of groups of four magnets laid out so that in the planar multipole expansion of the field, the dipole terms cancel and where the lowest significant terms in the field equations are quadrupole. Quadrupole magnets are useful as they create a magnetic field whose magni... | Quadrupole magnet | [
"Physics"
] | 891 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Accelerator physics",
"Experimental physics"
] |
547,219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipole%20magnet | A dipole magnet is the simplest type of magnet. It has two poles, one north and one south. Its magnetic field lines form simple closed loops which emerge from the north pole, re-enter at the south pole, then pass through the body of the magnet. The simplest example of a dipole magnet is a bar magnet.
Dipole magnets in... | Dipole magnet | [
"Physics"
] | 623 | [
"Accelerator physics",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Experimental physics"
] |
547,400 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20mechanics | Molecular mechanics uses classical mechanics to model molecular systems. The Born–Oppenheimer approximation is assumed valid and the potential energy of all systems is calculated as a function of the nuclear coordinates using force fields. Molecular mechanics can be used to study molecule systems ranging in size and co... | Molecular mechanics | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,837 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Materials science",
"Intermolecular forces",
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Computational chemistry",
"Molecular modelling",
" molecular",
"nan",
"Atomic",
" and optical physics"
] |
548,018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidoreductase | In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create e... | Oxidoreductase | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 957 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Oxidoreductases",
"Bioinorganic chemistry"
] |
548,075 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%20lifting | Star lifting is any of several hypothetical processes by which a sufficiently advanced civilization (specifically, one of Kardashev-II or higher) could remove a substantial portion of a star's matter which can then be re-purposed, while possibly optimizing the star's energy output and lifespan at the same time. The ter... | Star lifting | [
"Technology"
] | 2,167 | [
"Exploratory engineering",
"Megastructures"
] |
2,021,419 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic%20mechanics | In physics, relativistic mechanics refers to mechanics compatible with special relativity (SR) and general relativity (GR). It provides a non-quantum mechanical description of a system of particles, or of a fluid, in cases where the velocities of moving objects are comparable to the speed of light c. As a result, class... | Relativistic mechanics | [
"Physics"
] | 4,202 | [
"Theory of relativity"
] |
2,021,871 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planar%20chirality | Planar chirality, also known as 2D chirality, is the special case of chirality for two dimensions.
Most fundamentally, planar chirality is a mathematical term, finding use in chemistry, physics and related physical sciences, for example, in astronomy, optics and metamaterials. Recent occurrences in latter two fields a... | Planar chirality | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,048 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Origin of life",
"Biochemistry",
"Stereochemistry",
"Chirality",
"Space",
"nan",
"Asymmetry",
"Biological hypotheses",
"Spacetime",
"Symmetry"
] |
2,022,061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axial%20chirality | In chemistry, axial chirality is a special case of chirality in which a molecule contains two pairs of chemical groups in a non-planar arrangement about an axis of chirality so that the molecule is not superposable on its mirror image. The axis of chirality (or chiral axis) is usually determined by a chemical bond that... | Axial chirality | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 762 | [
"Spacetime",
"Stereochemistry",
"Space",
"nan"
] |
2,022,356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microstrip | Microstrip is a type of electrical transmission line which can be fabricated with any technology where a conductor is separated from a ground plane by a dielectric layer known as "substrate". Microstrip lines are used to convey microwave-frequency signals.
Typical realisation technologies are printed circuit board (P... | Microstrip | [
"Engineering"
] | 4,437 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Electronic engineering",
"Printed circuit board manufacturing"
] |
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