Split (1)

train · 29k rows

id int64 39 79M	url stringlengths 32 168	text stringlengths 7 145k	source stringlengths 2 105	categories listlengths 1 6	token_count int64 3 32.2k	subcategories listlengths 0 27
945,488	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic%20oxygen%20steelmaking	Basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS, BOP, BOF, or OSM), also known as Linz-Donawitz steelmaking or the oxygen converter process, is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbon-rich molten pig iron is made into steel. Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into low-car...	Basic oxygen steelmaking	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	2,427	[ "Metallurgical processes", "Steelmaking", "Metallurgy" ]
945,530	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse-forming%20network	A pulse-forming network (PFN) is an electric circuit that accumulates electrical energy over a comparatively long time, and then releases the stored energy in the form of a relatively square pulse of comparatively brief duration for various pulsed power applications. In a PFN, energy storage components such as capacito...	Pulse-forming network	[ "Physics" ]	1,512	[ "Power (physics)", "Pulsed power", "Physical quantities" ]
945,656	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-electron%20laser	A free-electron laser (FEL) is a fourth generation light source producing extremely brilliant and short pulses of radiation. An FEL functions much as a laser but employs relativistic electrons as a gain medium instead of using stimulated emission from atomic or molecular excitations. In an FEL, a bunch of electrons pas...	Free-electron laser	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	4,026	[ "Electron", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Electron beam", "Electromagnetic spectrum", "Medical equipment", "Experimental physics", "Accelerator physics", "Terahertz technology", "Medical technology" ]
945,780	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellcrank	A bellcrank is a type of crank that changes motion through an angle. The angle can range from 0 to 360 degrees, but 90-degree and 180-degree bellcranks are most common. The name comes from its first use, changing the vertical pull on a rope to a horizontal pull on the striker of a bell to sound it. Design A typical 9...	Bellcrank	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	679	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Mechanical engineering" ]
946,319	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpiment	Orpiment, also known as ″yellow arsenic blende″ is a deep-colored, orange-yellow arsenic sulfide mineral with formula . It is found in volcanic fumaroles, low-temperature hydrothermal veins, and hot springs and may be formed through sublimation. Orpiment takes its name from the Latin auripigmentum (aurum, "gold" + pig...	Orpiment	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,806	[ "Inorganic pigments", "Alchemical substances", "Inorganic compounds" ]
946,426	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplitude-shift%20keying	Amplitude-shift keying (ASK) is a form of amplitude modulation that represents digital data as variations in the amplitude of a carrier wave. In an ASK system, a symbol, representing one or more bits, is sent by transmitting a fixed-amplitude carrier wave at a fixed frequency for a specific time duration. For example, ...	Amplitude-shift keying	[ "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	1,365	[ "Applied mathematics", "Reliability engineering", "Applied probability", "Fault tolerance" ]
946,666	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary%20evaporator	A rotary evaporator (rotovap) is a device used in chemical laboratories for the efficient and gentle removal of solvents from samples by evaporation. When referenced in the chemistry research literature, description of the use of this technique and equipment may include the phrase "rotary evaporator", though use is oft...	Rotary evaporator	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	1,614	[ "Chemical equipment", "Distillation", "Evaporators", "Separation processes" ]
946,929	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bionics	Bionics or biologically inspired engineering is the application of biological methods and systems found in nature to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology. The word bionic, coined by Jack E. Steele in August 1958, is a portmanteau from biology and electronics which was popularized by the 19...	Bionics	[ "Engineering", "Biology" ]	3,294	[ "Biological engineering", "Bionics", "Biotechnology", "nan", "Bioinspiration" ]
947,234	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunkl%20operator	In mathematics, particularly the study of Lie groups, a Dunkl operator is a certain kind of mathematical operator, involving differential operators but also reflections in an underlying space. Formally, let G be a Coxeter group with reduced root system R and kv an arbitrary "multiplicity" function on R (so ku = kv whe...	Dunkl operator	[ "Mathematics" ]	184	[ "Lie groups", "Mathematical structures", "Algebraic structures" ]
947,383	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensile%20structure	In structural engineering, a tensile structure is a construction of elements carrying only tension and no compression or bending. The term tensile should not be confused with tensegrity, which is a structural form with both tension and compression elements. Tensile structures are the most common type of thin-shell stru...	Tensile structure	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	3,001	[ "Structural engineering", "Building engineering", "Structural system", "Roofs", "Tensile architecture" ]
947,692	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dredging	Dredging is the excavation of material from a water environment. Possible reasons for dredging include improving existing water features; reshaping land and water features to alter drainage, navigability, and commercial use; constructing dams, dikes, and other controls for streams and shorelines; and recovering valuabl...	Dredging	[ "Engineering" ]	4,708	[ "Coastal engineering", "Construction", "Coastal construction", "Civil engineering", "Engineering vehicles" ]
948,014	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order%20and%20disorder	In physics, the terms order and disorder designate the presence or absence of some symmetry or correlation in a many-particle system. In condensed matter physics, systems typically are ordered at low temperatures; upon heating, they undergo one or several phase transitions into less ordered states. Examples for such a...	Order and disorder	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	1,135	[ "Crystallography", "Statistical mechanics", "Condensed matter physics", "Materials science" ]
948,580	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20hysteresis	Magnetic hysteresis occurs when an external magnetic field is applied to a ferromagnet such as iron and the atomic dipoles align themselves with it. Even when the field is removed, part of the alignment will be retained: the material has become magnetized. Once magnetized, the magnet will stay magnetized indefinitely. ...	Magnetic hysteresis	[ "Physics", "Materials_science", "Mathematics" ]	1,488	[ "Physical phenomena", "Electromagnetism", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Physical properties", "Fundamental interactions", "Hysteresis", "Magnetic hysteresis" ]
948,622	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/57-cell	In mathematics, the 57-cell (pentacontaheptachoron) is a self-dual abstract regular 4-polytope (four-dimensional polytope). Its 57 cells are hemi-dodecahedra. It also has 57 vertices, 171 edges and 171 two-dimensional faces. The symmetry order is 3420, from the product of the number of cells (57) and the symmetry of ...	57-cell	[ "Mathematics" ]	333	[ "Geometry", "Geometry stubs" ]
2,094,963	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20hammer%20%28fabrication%29	An air hammer, also known as an air chisel, is a pneumatic hand tool used to carve in stone, and to break or cut metal objects apart. It is designed to accept different tools depending on the required function. Tools The following are various tools that can be used in an air hammer: Universal joint and tie-rod tool U...	Air hammer (fabrication)	[ "Engineering" ]	613	[ "Human–machine interaction", "Hand tools" ]
2,095,183	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapped-ion%20quantum%20computer	A trapped-ion quantum computer is one proposed approach to a large-scale quantum computer. Ions, or charged atomic particles, can be confined and suspended in free space using electromagnetic fields. Qubits are stored in stable electronic states of each ion, and quantum information can be transferred through the colle...	Trapped-ion quantum computer	[ "Physics" ]	2,711	[ "Quantum optics", "Quantum mechanics" ]
2,098,622	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal%20conversion%20coefficient	In nuclear physics, the internal conversion coefficient describes the rate of internal conversion. The internal conversion coefficient may be empirically determined by the following formula: There is no valid formulation for an equivalent concept for E0 (electric monopole) nuclear transitions. There are theoretical ...	Internal conversion coefficient	[ "Physics" ]	624	[ "Nuclear physics" ]
2,098,714	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar%20mesospheric%20summer%20echoes	Polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSE) is the phenomenon of anomalous radar echoes found between 80 and 90 km in altitude from May through early August in the Arctic, and from November through to February in the Antarctic. These strong radar echoes are associated with the extremely cold temperatures that occur above co...	Polar mesospheric summer echoes	[ "Physics" ]	477	[ "Physical phenomena", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Radio frequency propagation", "Electromagnetic spectrum", "Waves" ]
2,099,759	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudopotential	In physics, a pseudopotential or effective potential is used as an approximation for the simplified description of complex systems. Applications include atomic physics and neutron scattering. The pseudopotential approximation was first introduced by Hans Hellmann in 1934. Atomic physics The pseudopotential is an att...	Pseudopotential	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,400	[ "Quantum chemistry", "Quantum mechanics", "Computational physics", "Quantum mechanical potentials", "Electronic structure methods", "Computational chemistry" ]
2,100,199	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptidyl%20transferase%20center	The peptidyl transferase center () is an aminoacyltransferase ribozyme (RNA enzyme) located in the large subunit of the ribosome. It forms peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids during the translation process of protein biosynthesis. It is also responsible for peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis, allowing the release of the s...	Peptidyl transferase center	[ "Chemistry" ]	624	[ "Catalysis", "Ribozymes" ]
27,832,980	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigid%20transformation	In mathematics, a rigid transformation (also called Euclidean transformation or Euclidean isometry) is a geometric transformation of a Euclidean space that preserves the Euclidean distance between every pair of points. The rigid transformations include rotations, translations, reflections, or any sequence of these. R...	Rigid transformation	[ "Physics", "Mathematics", "Technology" ]	884	[ "Machines", "Kinematics", "Euclidean symmetries", "Physical phenomena", "Functions and mappings", "Mathematical analysis", "Mathematical objects", "Classical mechanics", "Physical systems", "Motion (physics)", "Mechanics", "Mathematical relations", "Symmetry" ]
35,851,124	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonyl%20%CE%B1-substitution%20reaction	Carbonyl α-substitution reactions occur at the position next to the carbonyl group, the α-position, and involves the substitution of an α-hydrogen by an electrophile through either an enol or enolate ion intermediate. Reaction mechanism Because their double bonds are electron rich, enols behave as nucleophiles and rea...	Carbonyl α-substitution reaction	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,415	[ "Organic reactions" ]
35,853,778	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tryptophan-rich%20sensory%20protein	Tryptophan-rich sensory proteins (TspO) are a family of proteins that are involved in transmembrane signalling. In either prokaryotes or mitochondria they are localized to the outer membrane, and have been shown to bind and transport dicarboxylic tetrapyrrole intermediates of the haem biosynthetic pathway. They are ass...	Tryptophan-rich sensory protein	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	778	[ "Protein classification", "Signal transduction", "Biochemistry", "Protein families", "Neurochemistry" ]
35,854,438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldschmidt%20tolerance%20factor	Goldschmidt's tolerance factor (from the German word Toleranzfaktor) is an indicator for the stability and distortion of crystal structures. It was originally only used to describe the perovskite ABO3 structure, but now tolerance factors are also used for ilmenite. Alternatively the tolerance factor can be used to cal...	Goldschmidt tolerance factor	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	210	[ "Crystallography", "Condensed matter physics", "Materials science" ]
35,855,057	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonal%20prismatic%20molecular%20geometry	In chemistry, the trigonal prismatic molecular geometry describes the shape of compounds where six atoms, groups of atoms, or ligands are arranged around a central atom, defining the vertices of a triangular prism. The structure commonly occurs for d0, d1 and d2 transition metal complexes with covalently-bound ligands ...	Trigonal prismatic molecular geometry	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	328	[ "Molecular geometry", "Molecules", "Stereochemistry", "Space", "Stereochemistry stubs", "nan", "Spacetime", "Matter" ]
35,857,112	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regularization%20perspectives%20on%20support%20vector%20machines	Within mathematical analysis, Regularization perspectives on support-vector machines provide a way of interpreting support-vector machines (SVMs) in the context of other regularization-based machine-learning algorithms. SVM algorithms categorize binary data, with the goal of fitting the training set data in a way that...	Regularization perspectives on support vector machines	[ "Mathematics" ]	808	[ "Mathematical analysis" ]
35,857,512	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20topology	Protein topology is a property of protein molecule that does not change under deformation (without cutting or breaking a bond). Frameworks Two main topology frameworks have been developed and applied to protein molecules. Knot Theory Knot theory which categorises chain entanglements. The usage of knot theory is limit...	Protein topology	[ "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	224	[ "Protein stubs", "Biochemistry stubs", "Molecular topology", "Topology", "Structural biology", "Protein structure" ]
24,535,618	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majumdar%E2%80%93Ghosh%20model	The Majumdar–Ghosh model is a one-dimensional quantum Heisenberg spin model in which the nearest-neighbour antiferromagnetic exchange interaction is twice as strong as the next-nearest-neighbour interaction. It is a special case of the more general - model, with . The model is named after Indian physicists Chanchal Kum...	Majumdar–Ghosh model	[ "Physics", "Materials_science" ]	774	[ "Spin models", "Quantum mechanics", "Lattice models", "Computational physics", "Quantum magnetism", "Condensed matter physics", "Statistical mechanics" ]
24,536,782	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supergeometry	Supergeometry is differential geometry of modules over graded commutative algebras, supermanifolds and graded manifolds. Supergeometry is part and parcel of many classical and quantum field theories involving odd fields, e.g., SUSY field theory, BRST theory, or supergravity. Supergeometry is formulated in terms of -gr...	Supergeometry	[ "Physics" ]	403	[ "Unsolved problems in physics", "Supersymmetry", "Symmetry", "Physics beyond the Standard Model" ]
24,536,794	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gell-Mann%E2%80%93Okubo%20mass%20formula	In physics, the Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula provides a sum rule for the masses of hadrons within a specific multiplet, determined by their isospin (I) and strangeness (or alternatively, hypercharge) where a0, a1, and a2 are free parameters. The rule was first formulated by Murray Gell-Mann in 1961 and independently ...	Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula	[ "Physics" ]	831	[ "Hadrons", "Subatomic particles", "Matter" ]
40,002,050	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligation%20%28molecular%20biology%29	Ligation is the joining of two nucleotides, or two nucleic acid fragments, into a single polymeric chain through the action of an enzyme known as a ligase. The reaction involves the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl terminus of one nucleotide and the 5'-phosphoryl terminus of another nucleotide...	Ligation (molecular biology)	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	4,549	[ "Cloning", "Molecular biology techniques", "Genetic engineering", "Molecular biology" ]
40,003,849	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchial%20blocker	An bronchial blocker (also called endobronchial blocker) is a device which can be inserted down a tracheal tube after tracheal intubation so as to block off the right or left main bronchus of the lungs in order to be able to achieve a controlled one sided ventilation of the lungs in thoracic surgery. The lung tissue di...	Bronchial blocker	[ "Biology" ]	432	[ "Medical equipment", "Medical technology" ]
40,005,913	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandoravirus	Pandoravirus is a proposed genus of giant virus, first discovered in 2013. It is the third largest in physical size of any known viral genus, behind Pithovirus and Megaklothovirus. Pandoraviruses have double stranded DNA genomes, with the largest genome size (2.5 million base pairs) of any known viral genus. Discovery...	Pandoravirus	[ "Biology" ]	1,250	[ "Biological hypotheses", "Unaccepted virus taxa", "Controversial taxa" ]
40,006,957	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isovalent%20hybridization	In chemistry, isovalent or second order hybridization is an extension of orbital hybridization, the mixing of atomic orbitals into hybrid orbitals which can form chemical bonds, to include fractional numbers of atomic orbitals of each type (s, p, d). It allows for a quantitative depiction of bond formation when the mol...	Isovalent hybridization	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	874	[ "Quantum chemistry", "Quantum mechanics", "Theoretical chemistry", "Condensed matter physics", " molecular", "nan", "Atomic", "Chemical bonding", " and optical physics" ]
3,900,510	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosenova	A bosenova or bose supernova is a very small, supernova-like explosion, which can be induced in a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) by changing the external magnetic field, so that the "self-scattering" interaction transitions from repulsive to attractive due to the Feshbach resonance, causing the BEC to "collapse and bou...	Bosenova	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	394	[ "Bose–Einstein condensates", "Phases of matter", "Condensed matter physics", "Matter" ]
3,901,316	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paclitaxel%20total%20synthesis	Paclitaxel total synthesis in organic chemistry is a major ongoing research effort in the total synthesis of paclitaxel (Taxol). This diterpenoid is an important drug in the treatment of cancer but, also expensive because the compound is harvested from a scarce resource, namely the Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia). Not o...	Paclitaxel total synthesis	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,447	[ "Total synthesis", "Chemical synthesis" ]
3,901,787	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomeric%20effect	In organic chemistry, the anomeric effect or Edward-Lemieux effect (after J. T. Edward and Raymond Lemieux) is a stereoelectronic effect that describes the tendency of heteroatomic substituents adjacent to a heteroatom within a cyclohexane ring to prefer the axial orientation instead of the less-hindered equatorial ori...	Anomeric effect	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,974	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Carbohydrates", "Acetals", "Functional groups", "Organic compounds", "Carbohydrate chemistry", "Physical organic chemistry", "nan", "Chemical synthesis", "Glycobiology" ]
3,901,932	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium%20fuel%20cycle	The thorium fuel cycle is a nuclear fuel cycle that uses an isotope of thorium, , as the fertile material. In the reactor, is transmuted into the fissile artificial uranium isotope which is the nuclear fuel. Unlike natural uranium, natural thorium contains only trace amounts of fissile material (such as ), which are ...	Thorium fuel cycle	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	3,365	[ "Nuclear chemistry", "Nuclear technology", "nan", "Nuclear physics" ]
3,902,028	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coacervate	Coacervate ( or ) is an aqueous phase rich in macromolecules such as synthetic polymers, proteins or nucleic acids. It forms through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), leading to a dense phase in thermodynamic equilibrium with a dilute phase. The dispersed droplets of dense phase are also called coacervates, micro-...	Coacervate	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	2,791	[ "Colloidal chemistry", "Origin of life", "Materials science", "Surface science", "Colloids", "Polymer chemistry", "Biological hypotheses" ]
3,904,336	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat%20kernel	In the mathematical study of heat conduction and diffusion, a heat kernel is the fundamental solution to the heat equation on a specified domain with appropriate boundary conditions. It is also one of the main tools in the study of the spectrum of the Laplace operator, and is thus of some auxiliary importance througho...	Heat kernel	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	533	[ "Heat conduction", "Thermodynamics" ]
3,904,342	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeotropic%20mixture	A zeotropic mixture, or non-azeotropic mixture, is a mixture with liquid components that have different boiling points. For example, nitrogen, methane, ethane, propane, and isobutane constitute a zeotropic mixture. Individual substances within the mixture do not evaporate or condense at the same temperature as one subs...	Zeotropic mixture	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	3,748	[ "Chemical engineering", "Chemical engineering thermodynamics" ]
3,904,828	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20fouling%20inhibitors	Chemical fouling inhibitors are products that are mixtures of fouling and corrosion inhibitors use in boiler feedwater treatment. Several of these products use aliphatic polyamines to coat the surface of pipes. Helamin Helamin is a boiler feedwater treatment based on amines and polyamines. Helamin is a registered trad...	Chemical fouling inhibitors	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	988	[ "Corrosion prevention", "Water treatment", "Corrosion", "Water pollution", "Environmental engineering", "Water technology", "Materials degradation", "Fouling" ]
3,905,860	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental%20stress%20fracture	In materials science, environmental stress fracture or environment assisted fracture is the generic name given to premature failure under the influence of tensile stresses and harmful environments of materials such as metals and alloys, composites, plastics and ceramics. Metals and alloys exhibit phenomena such as st...	Environmental stress fracture	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	933	[ "Structural engineering", "Fracture mechanics", "Metallurgy", "Materials science", "Corrosion", "Electrochemistry", "Materials degradation" ]
3,906,633	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slip%20%28materials%20science%29	In materials science, slip is the large displacement of one part of a crystal relative to another part along crystallographic planes and directions. Slip occurs by the passage of dislocations on close/packed planes, which are planes containing the greatest number of atoms per area and in close-packed directions (most a...	Slip (materials science)	[ "Physics", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	1,498	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Materials science", "nan" ]
3,908,752	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-Methyluridine%20triphosphate	5-Methyluridine triphosphate or m5UTP is one of five nucleoside triphosphates. It is the ribonucleoside triphosphate of thymidine, but the nomenclature with "5-methyluridine" is used because the term thymidine triphosphate is used for the deoxyribonucleoside by convention. References Nucleotides Phosphate esters	5-Methyluridine triphosphate	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	91	[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Biotechnology stubs", "Biochemistry" ]
3,908,779	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOX%20gene%20family	SOX genes (SRY-related HMG-box genes) encode a family of transcription factors that bind to the minor groove in DNA, and belong to a super-family of genes characterized by a homologous sequence called the HMG-box (for high mobility group). This HMG box is a DNA binding domain that is highly conserved throughout eukaryo...	SOX gene family	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	624	[ "Induced stem cells", "Gene expression", "Transcription factors", "Signal transduction" ]
37,214,007	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoboletus%20pseudosulphureus	Neoboletus pseudosulphureus is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. It is found in Europe, Central America, North America, and India, where it grows in deciduous and mixed forests. Initially uniformly yellow in color, all external surfaces of the fruit body undergo a variety of discolorations as it matu...	Neoboletus pseudosulphureus	[ "Biology" ]	628	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
37,214,939	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20genetic%20engineering	Genetic engineering is the science of manipulating genetic material of an organism. The concept of genetic engineering was first proposed by Nikolay Timofeev-Ressovsky in 1934. The first artificial genetic modification accomplished using biotechnology was transgenesis, the process of transferring genes from one organis...	History of genetic engineering	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	4,190	[ "Biological engineering", "Genetic engineering", "Molecular biology" ]
37,219,172	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPOS	jPOS is a free and open source library/framework that provides a high-performance bridge between card messages generated at the point of sale or ATM terminals and internal systems along the entire financial messaging network. jPOS is an enabling technology that can be used to handle all card processing from messaging, ...	JPOS	[ "Technology" ]	188	[ "Computing platforms", "Java platform" ]
37,220,648	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link%20Motion%20Inc	Link Motion Inc, formerly NetQin and NQ Mobile, is a multinational technology company that develops, licenses, supports and sells software and services that focus on the smart ride business. Link Motion sells carputers for car businesses, consumer ride sharing services, as well as legacy mobile security, productivity a...	Link Motion Inc	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	3,877	[ "Mobile security", "Cybersecurity engineering", "Mobile technology companies" ]
37,231,994	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D%20Wayfinder	3D Wayfinder is an indoor wayfinding software and service used to help visitors to navigate in large public buildings (shopping centers, airports, train stations, hospitals, universities etc.) 3D Wayfinder uses a 3D floor plans of a building and renders it in real-time. It displays interactive information layers. The ...	3D Wayfinder	[ "Engineering" ]	553	[ "Building engineering", "Building information modeling" ]
37,232,595	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural%20ironmongery	Architectural ironmongery or architectural hardware is a term used for the manufacture and wholesale distribution of items made from iron, steel, brass, aluminium or other metals, including plastics, for use in all types of buildings. Architectural ironmongery includes door handles, closers, locks, cylinder pulls and h...	Architectural ironmongery	[ "Physics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	422	[ "Building engineering", "Architecture", "Construction", "Materials", "Architectural elements", "Components", "Matter", "Building materials" ]
37,234,692	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder-douce	Powder-douce (also poudre-douce, literally "sweet powder") is a spice mix used in Medieval and Renaissance cookery. Like modern spice mixes such as Italian seasoning or garam masala, there was not a set ingredient list, and it varied from cook to cook. The author of the 14th-century manuscript Le Ménagier de Paris sugg...	Powder-douce	[ "Physics" ]	200	[ "Materials", "Powders", "Matter" ]
30,655,042	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin-silver-copper	Tin-silver-copper (Sn-Ag-Cu, also known as SAC), is a lead-free (Pb-free) alloy commonly used for electronic solder. It is the main choice for lead-free surface-mount technology (SMT) assembly in the industry, as it is near eutectic, with adequate thermal fatigue properties, strength, and wettability. Lead-free solder ...	Tin-silver-copper	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	986	[ "Tin alloys", "Alloys", "Metallurgy", "Fusible alloys" ]
30,662,719	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant%20magnetoimpedance	In materials science Giant Magnetoimpedance (GMI) is the effect that occurs in some materials where an external magnetic field causes a large variation in the electrical impedance of the material. It should not be confused with the separate physical phenomenon of Giant Magnetoresistance. The phenomenology of the GMI G...	Giant magnetoimpedance	[ "Physics" ]	662	[ "Electromagnetism", "Physical phenomena", "Fundamental interactions" ]
31,636,714	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexafoil	The hexafoil is a design with six-fold dihedral symmetry composed from six vesica piscis lenses arranged radially around a central point, often shown enclosed in a circumference of another six lenses. It is also sometimes known as a "daisy wheel". A second, quite different, design is also sometimes referred to by this ...	Hexafoil	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,486	[ "Geometric shapes", "Mathematical objects", "Geometric objects", "Circles", "Pi", "Symmetry", "Rotational symmetry" ]
31,638,066	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media%20control%20symbols	In digital electronics, analogue electronics and entertainment, the user interface may include media controls, transport controls or player controls, to enact and change or adjust the process of video playback, audio playback, and alike. These controls are commonly depicted as widely known symbols found in a multitude ...	Media control symbols	[ "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	499	[ "Audio electronics", "Symbols", "Electronic engineering", "Video hardware", "Audio engineering" ]
31,639,799	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europium%20barium%20titanate	Europium barium titanate is a chemical compound composed of barium, europium, titanium, and oxygen. It is magnetic and ferroelectric at 1.5 K. It is a ceramic material which was used in 2010 experiments on a new theory on baryon asymmetry. References Titanates Barium compounds Europium(III) compounds Ferroelectric...	Europium barium titanate	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	85	[ "Physical phenomena", "Inorganic compounds", "Ferroelectric materials", "Inorganic compound stubs", "Materials", "Electrical phenomena", "Hysteresis", "Matter" ]
31,640,985	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping%20corrosion%20circuit	Piping corrosion circuit or Corrosion loop / Piping Circuitization and Corrosion Modelling, is carried out as part of either a Risk Based Inspection analysis (RBI) or Materials Operating Envelope analysis (MOE). It is the systematization of the piping components versus failure modes analysis into materials operating en...	Piping corrosion circuit	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	476	[ "Metallurgy", "Corrosion", "Electrochemistry", "Mechanical engineering", "Electrochemistry stubs", "Maintenance", "Materials degradation", "Physical chemistry stubs", "Chemical process stubs" ]
31,642,265	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20Building	The Solar Building, located in Albuquerque, New Mexico, was the world's first commercial building to be heated primarily by solar energy. It was built in 1956 to house the engineering firm of Bridgers & Paxton, who were responsible for the heating system design. The novel building received widespread attention, with ar...	Solar Building	[ "Engineering" ]	1,506	[ "Solar design", "Energy engineering" ]
31,644,748	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathway%20Commons	Pathway Commons is a database of biological pathways and interactions. See also Biological pathway Reactome References External links pathwaycommons Biological databases Metabolism Systems biology	Pathway Commons	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	30	[ "Bioinformatics", "Cellular processes", "Biochemistry", "Biological databases", "Metabolism", "Systems biology" ]
31,646,448	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcomputational%20problem	In computational complexity theory, a transcomputational problem is a problem that requires processing of more than 1093 bits of information. Any number greater than 1093 is called a transcomputational number. The number 1093, called Bremermann's limit, is, according to Hans-Joachim Bremermann, the total number of bits...	Transcomputational problem	[ "Physics" ]	759	[ "Physical phenomena", "Limits of computation" ]
23,044,361	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman%20microscope	The Raman microscope is a laser-based microscopic device used to perform Raman spectroscopy. The term MOLE (molecular optics laser examiner) is used to refer to the Raman-based microprobe. The technique used is named after C. V. Raman, who discovered the scattering properties in liquids. Configuration The Raman micros...	Raman microscope	[ "Chemistry", "Technology", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	1,402	[ "Optical microscopy", "Measuring instruments", "Microscopes", "Microscopy", "Cell imaging" ]
23,046,982	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicking%20enzyme%20amplification%20reaction	Nicking Enzyme Amplification Reaction (NEAR) is a method for in vitro DNA amplification like the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). NEAR is isothermal, replicating DNA at a constant temperature using a polymerase (and nicking enzyme) to exponentially amplify the DNA at a temperature range of 55 °C to 59 °C. One disadva...	Nicking enzyme amplification reaction	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	289	[ "Biochemistry methods", "Genetics techniques", "Biotechnology stubs", "Genetic engineering", "Chemical tests", "Biochemistry stubs", "Biochemistry detection methods", "Biochemistry" ]
23,047,742	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Acetylaminofluorene	2-Acetylaminofluorene (AAF, 2-AAF) is a carcinogenic and mutagenic derivative of fluorene. It is used as a biochemical tool in the study of carcinogenesis. It induces tumors in a number of species in the liver, bladder and kidney. The metabolism of this compound in the body by means of biotransformation reactions is t...	2-Acetylaminofluorene	[ "Chemistry", "Environmental_science" ]	694	[ "Carcinogens", "Toxicology" ]
23,057,806	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avogadro%20%28software%29	Avogadro is a molecule editor and visualizer designed for cross-platform use in computational chemistry, molecular modeling, bioinformatics, materials science, and related areas. It is extensible via a plugin architecture. Features Molecule builder-editor for Windows, Linux, Unix, and macOS. All source code is lic...	Avogadro (software)	[ "Chemistry" ]	202	[ "Molecular modelling software", "Free chemistry software", "Chemistry software", "Computational chemistry software", "Theoretical chemistry stubs", "Molecular modelling", "Computational chemistry", "Computational chemistry stubs", "Chemistry software for Linux", "Physical chemistry stubs" ]
23,058,094	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible%20Computational%20Chemistry%20Environment	The Extensible Computational Chemistry Environment (ECCE, pronounced "etch-ā") provides a sophisticated graphical user interface, scientific visualization tools, and the underlying data management framework enabling scientists to efficiently set up calculations and store, retrieve, and analyze the rapidly growing volum...	Extensible Computational Chemistry Environment	[ "Chemistry" ]	267	[ "Molecular modelling software", "Molecular physics", "Computational chemistry software", "Chemistry software", "Molecular modelling", "Computational chemistry", "Molecular physics stubs" ]
25,950,683	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating%20temperature	An operating temperature is the allowable temperature range of the local ambient environment at which an electrical or mechanical device operates. The device will operate effectively within a specified temperature range which varies based on the device function and application context, and ranges from the minimum opera...	Operating temperature	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,283	[ "Physical phenomena", "Phase transitions", "Threshold temperatures" ]
25,958,403	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiotropy%20%28drugs%29	In pharmacology, pleiotropy includes all of a drug's actions other than those for which the agent was specifically developed. It may include adverse effects which are detrimental ones, but is often used to denote additional beneficial effects. For example, statins are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors that primarily act by...	Pleiotropy (drugs)	[ "Chemistry" ]	250	[ "Pharmacology", "Medicinal chemistry" ]
25,958,537	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyloscan	Phyloscan is a web service for DNA sequence analysis that is free and open to all users (without login requirement). For locating matches to a user-specified sequence motif for a regulatory binding site, Phyloscan provides a statistically sensitive scan of user-supplied mixed aligned and unaligned DNA sequence data. ...	Phyloscan	[ "Mathematics", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	177	[ "Biological engineering", "Bioinformatics software", "Applied mathematics", "Computational science", "Bioinformatics" ]
2,910,030	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20dirhombicosidodecahedron	In geometry, the great dirhombicosidodecahedron (or great snub disicosidisdodecahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed last as . It has 124 faces (40 triangles, 60 squares, and 24 pentagrams), 240 edges, and 60 vertices. This is the only non-degenerate uniform polyhedron with more than six faces meeting at...	Great dirhombicosidodecahedron	[ "Physics" ]	765	[ "Uniform polytopes", "Uniform polyhedra", "Symmetry" ]
2,911,349	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%20tolerance	In immunology, central tolerance (also known as negative selection) is the process of eliminating any developing T or B lymphocytes that are autoreactive, i.e. reactive to the body itself. Through elimination of autoreactive lymphocytes, tolerance ensures that the immune system does not attack self peptides. Lymphocyte...	Central tolerance	[ "Biology" ]	4,498	[ "Immunology" ]
2,912,664	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitable%20water	Precipitable water is the depth of water in a column of the atmosphere, if all the water in that column were precipitated as rain. As a depth, the precipitable water is measured in millimeters or inches. Often abbreviated as "TPW", for Total Precipitable Water. Measurement There are different measurement techniques...	Precipitable water	[ "Environmental_science" ]	287	[ "Water", "Hydrology" ]
2,914,802	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majorana%20equation	In physics, the Majorana equation is a relativistic wave equation. It is named after the Italian physicist Ettore Majorana, who proposed it in 1937 as a means of describing fermions that are their own antiparticle. Particles corresponding to this equation are termed Majorana particles, although that term now has a more...	Majorana equation	[ "Physics" ]	4,978	[ "Quantum field theory", "Quantum mechanics", "Eponymous equations of physics", "Equations of physics" ]
2,915,617	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pure%20fusion%20weapon	A pure fusion weapon is a hypothetical hydrogen bomb design that does not need a fission "primary" explosive to ignite the fusion of deuterium and tritium, two heavy isotopes of hydrogen used in fission-fusion thermonuclear weapons. Such a weapon would require no fissile material and would therefore be much easier to d...	Pure fusion weapon	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	958	[ "Nuclear fusion", "Nuclear physics" ]
2,915,834	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error%20threshold%20%28evolution%29	In evolutionary biology and population genetics, the error threshold (or critical mutation rate) is a limit on the number of base pairs a self-replicating molecule may have before mutation will destroy the information in subsequent generations of the molecule. The error threshold is crucial to understanding "Eigen's p...	Error threshold (evolution)	[ "Biology" ]	1,933	[ "Evolutionary biology" ]
33,174,865	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decoupling%20Natural%20Resource%20Use%20and%20Environmental%20Impacts%20from%20Economic%20Growth%20report	The report Decoupling Natural Resource Use and Environmental Impacts from Economic Growth is one of a series of reports researched and published by the International Resource Panel (IRP) of the United Nations Environment Programme. The IRP provides independent scientific assessments and expert advice on a variety of a...	Decoupling Natural Resource Use and Environmental Impacts from Economic Growth report	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	454	[ "Environmental mitigation", "Environmental engineering" ]
33,175,921	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherically%20complete%20field	In mathematics, a field K with an absolute value is called spherically complete if the intersection of every decreasing sequence of balls (in the sense of the metric induced by the absolute value) is nonempty: The definition can be adapted also to a field K with a valuation v taking values in an arbitrary ordered abel...	Spherically complete field	[ "Mathematics" ]	214	[ "Mathematical analysis", "Functions and mappings", "Functional analysis", "Mathematical analysis stubs", "Mathematical objects", "Mathematical relations", "Algebra" ]
33,177,820	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoporous%20organosilica	Mesoporous organosilica (periodic mesoporous organosilicas, PMO) are a type of silica containing organic groups that give rise to mesoporosity. They exhibit pore size ranging from 2 nm - 50 nm, depending on the organic substituents. In contrast, zeolites exhibit pore sizes less than a nanometer. PMOs have potential ...	Mesoporous organosilica	[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	2,230	[ "Mesoporous material", "Porous media", "Materials science" ]
33,177,993	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoscale%20plasmonic%20motor	A nanoscale plasmonic motor (sometimes called a "light mill") is a type of nanomotor, converting light energy to rotational motion at nanoscale. It is constructed from pieces of gold sheet in a gammadion shape, embedded within layers of silica. When irradiated with light from a laser, the gold pieces rotate. The functi...	Nanoscale plasmonic motor	[ "Materials_science" ]	1,808	[ "Nanotechnology", "Nanoelectronics" ]
33,178,845	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TopFIND	TopFIND is the Termini oriented protein Function Inferred Database (TopFIND) is an integrated knowledgebase focused on protein termini, their formation by proteases and functional implications. It contains information about the processing and the processing state of proteins and functional implications thereof derived ...	TopFIND	[ "Chemistry", "Mathematics", "Biology" ]	807	[ "Mathematical and theoretical biology", "Bioinformatics software", "Applied mathematics", "Gene expression", "Protein classification", "Biochemical reactions", "Bioinformatics", "Post-translational modification", "Protein domains", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry", "Protein families", "Bi...
33,179,436	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin%20angular%20momentum%20of%20light	The spin angular momentum of light (SAM) is the component of angular momentum of light that is associated with the quantum spin and the rotation between the polarization degrees of freedom of the photon. Introduction Spin is the fundamental property that distinguishes the two types of elementary particles: fermions, ...	Spin angular momentum of light	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	852	[ "Physical phenomena", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Angular momentum of light", "Electromagnetic spectrum", "Waves", "Light", "Angular momentum", "Physical properties" ]
33,183,251	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartogs%E2%80%93Rosenthal%20theorem	In mathematics, the Hartogs–Rosenthal theorem is a classical result in complex analysis on the uniform approximation of continuous functions on compact subsets of the complex plane by rational functions. The theorem was proved in 1931 by the German mathematicians Friedrich Hartogs and Arthur Rosenthal and has been wide...	Hartogs–Rosenthal theorem	[ "Mathematics" ]	252	[ "Theorems in approximation theory", "Theorems in mathematical analysis", "Theorems in complex analysis" ]
33,183,990	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannibalization%20%28parts%29	Cannibalization of machine parts, in the maintenance of mechanical or electronic systems with interchangeable parts, refers to the practice of removing parts or subsystems necessary for repair from another similar device, rather than from inventory, usually when resources become limited. The source system is usually c...	Cannibalization (parts)	[ "Engineering" ]	567	[ "Maintenance", "Mechanical engineering" ]
33,184,343	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaintia%20Rajbari	Jaintia Rajbari () is a royal residence located in Jaintiapur, Sylhet, Bangladesh. It was the residence of the rulers of the Jaintia Kingdom. See also Khasi people Pnar people References Architecture in Bangladesh Architectural history Tourist attractions in Bangladesh Sylhet District	Jaintia Rajbari	[ "Engineering" ]	60	[ "Architectural history", "Architecture" ]
35,861,790	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi%20River%20Basin%20Model	The Mississippi River Basin Model was a large-scale hydraulic model of the entire Mississippi River basin, covering an area of 200 acres. It is part of the Waterways Experiment Station, located near Clinton, Mississippi. The model was built from 1943 to 1966 and in operation from 1949 until 1973. By comparison, the be...	Mississippi River Basin Model	[ "Physics", "Engineering", "Biology", "Environmental_science" ]	1,249	[ "Scale modeling", "Hydrology", "Biological models", "Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks", "Civil engineering", "Hydrology models", "Environmental modelling" ]
35,862,485	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft%20SmartScreen	SmartScreen (officially called Windows SmartScreen, Windows Defender SmartScreen and SmartScreen Filter in different places) is a cloud-based anti-phishing and anti-malware component included in several Microsoft products: All versions of the Microsoft Windows operating system since Windows 8 Web browsers Internet E...	Microsoft SmartScreen	[ "Engineering" ]	2,672	[ "Cybersecurity engineering", "Computer networks engineering", "Computer network security" ]
35,863,555	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIR%20Shipper	The AIR Shipper is a regulatory manual utilized by air shippers for shipping dangerous goods. A.I.R. Shipper is the first regulations publication recognized by the International Civil Aviation Organization and is developed in compliance with ICAO standards. A.I.R. Shipper is published by Labelmaster, a U.S.-based manuf...	AIR Shipper	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Technology" ]	99	[ "Materials", "Hazardous materials", "Matter" ]
35,864,002	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siegel%20identity	In mathematics, Siegel's identity refers to one of two formulae that are used in the resolution of Diophantine equations. Statement The first formula is The second is Application The identities are used in translating Diophantine problems connected with integral points on hyperelliptic curves into S-unit equations. ...	Siegel identity	[ "Mathematics" ]	76	[ "Algebraic identities", "Mathematical objects", "Equations", "Diophantine equations", "Mathematical identities", "Number theory" ]
5,264,737	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decay%20scheme	The decay scheme of a radioactive substance is a graphical presentation of all the transitions occurring in a decay, and of their relationships. Examples are shown below. It is useful to think of the decay scheme as placed in a coordinate system, where the vertical axis is energy, increasing from bottom to top, and th...	Decay scheme	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	757	[ "Radioactivity", "Nuclear physics" ]
5,268,864	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative%20Computational%20Project%20Number%204	The Collaborative Computational Project Number 4 in Protein Crystallography (CCP4) was set up in 1979 in the United Kingdom to support collaboration between researchers working in software development and assemble a comprehensive collection of software for structural biology. The CCP4 core team is located at the Resear...	Collaborative Computational Project Number 4	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	288	[ "Crystallography", "Condensed matter physics", "Materials science" ]
5,272,642	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Council%20on%20Systems%20Engineering	The International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE; pronounced ) is a not-for-profit membership organization and professional society in the field of systems engineering with about 25,000 members and associates including individual, corporate, and student members. INCOSE's main activities include conferences, pub...	International Council on Systems Engineering	[ "Engineering" ]	639	[ "Engineering societies", "Systems engineering" ]
27,838,006	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20light%20%28architecture%29	North light (in the Northern Hemisphere) is sunlight coming through a north-facing window. Because it does not come directly from the sun, it remains at a consistent angle and colour throughout the day and does not create sharp shadows. It is also cooler than direct sunlight due to the way the Earth's atmosphere scatte...	North light (architecture)	[ "Engineering" ]	2,058	[ "Design", "Architectural theory", "Architectural design", "Architecture" ]
27,838,362	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPANET	EPANET (Environmental Protection Agency Network Evaluation Tool) is a public domain, water distribution system modeling software package developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Water Supply and Water Resources Division. It performs extended-period simulation of hydraulic and water-quality...	EPANET	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Technology", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	1,595	[ "Hydrology", "Chemical engineering", "Computer programming", "Physical systems", "Construction", "Software engineering", "Hydraulics", "Civil engineering", "Environmental engineering", "Computers", "Hydraulic engineering" ]
27,842,448	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy%E2%80%93entropy%20chart	An enthalpy–entropy chart, also known as the H–S chart or Mollier diagram, plots the total heat against entropy, describing the enthalpy of a thermodynamic system. A typical chart covers a pressure range of 0.01–1000 bar, and temperatures up to 800 degrees Celsius. It shows enthalpy in terms of internal energy , pres...	Enthalpy–entropy chart	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	740	[ "Thermodynamic properties", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Entropy", "Thermodynamics", "Asymmetry", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities", "Symmetry", "Dynamical systems" ]
27,847,679	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactive%20nitrogen	Reactive nitrogen ("Nr"), also known as fixed nitrogen, refers to all forms of nitrogen present in the environment except for molecular nitrogen (). While nitrogen is an essential element for life on Earth, molecular nitrogen is comparatively unreactive, and must be converted to other chemical forms via nitrogen fixat...	Reactive nitrogen	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	426	[ "Eutrophication", "Biogeography", "Intensive farming", "Biogeochemical cycle", "Nitrogen cycle", "Biogeochemistry", "Soil biology", "Cellular processes", "Biochemistry", "Metabolism" ]
27,848,005	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial%20distribution	A spatial distribution in statistics is the arrangement of a phenomenon across the Earth's surface and a graphical display of such an arrangement is an important tool in geographical and environmental statistics. A graphical display of a spatial distribution may summarize raw data directly or may reflect the outcome of...	Spatial distribution	[ "Physics" ]	768	[ "Spacetime", "Space", "Spatial analysis" ]
38,658,138	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous%20fiber%20reinforced%20thermoplastic	Continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic, is a composite material that contains high-performance continuous fiber, such as carbon fiber, glass fiber, or aramid fiber that is impregnated in a matrix of thermoplastics like polycarbonates. CFRTP is producible into both tape and sheet formats that can later be formed usin...	Continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic	[ "Physics" ]	89	[ "Materials stubs", "Materials", "Composite materials", "Matter" ]
38,662,839	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmembrane%20Protein%20205	Transmembrane Protein 205 (TMEM205) is a protein encoded on chromosome 19 by the TMEM205 gene. Gene TMEM205 is located on the minus strand of chromosome 19 from base pair 11,453,452 to 11,456,981. In close proximity to TMEM205, CCDC159 is located slightly upstream and RAB3D slightly down stream of the genomic sequenc...	Transmembrane Protein 205	[ "Chemistry" ]	485	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Proteins", "Molecular biology" ]
38,664,703	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer%20factor	Pioneer factors are transcription factors that can directly bind condensed chromatin. They can have positive and negative effects on transcription and are important in recruiting other transcription factors and histone modification enzymes as well as controlling DNA methylation. They were first discovered in 2002 as ...	Pioneer factor	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	2,128	[ "Transcription factors", "Gene expression", "Protein classification", "Signal transduction", "Molecular genetics", "Cellular processes", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry", "Protein families", "Induced stem cells" ]

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.