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id int64 39 79M	url stringlengths 32 168	text stringlengths 7 145k	source stringlengths 2 105	categories listlengths 1 6	token_count int64 3 32.2k	subcategories listlengths 0 27
955,164	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric%20group%20theory	Geometric group theory is an area in mathematics devoted to the study of finitely generated groups via exploring the connections between algebraic properties of such groups and topological and geometric properties of spaces on which these groups can act non-trivially (that is, when the groups in question are realized a...	Geometric group theory	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	2,672	[ "Geometric group theory", "Group actions", "Group theory", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Symmetry" ]
955,298	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopunk	Biopunk (a portmanteau of "biotechnology" or "biology" and "punk") is a subgenre of science fiction that focuses on biotechnology. It is derived from cyberpunk, but focuses on the implications of biotechnology rather than mechanical cyberware and information technology. Biopunk is concerned with synthetic biology. It i...	Biopunk	[ "Chemistry", "Technology", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	643	[ "Synthetic biology", "Biological engineering", "Systems biology", "Genetic engineering", "Transhumanism", "Bioinformatics", "Molecular genetics", "Ethics of science and technology", "Molecular biology" ]
956,499	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application%20firewall	An application firewall is a form of firewall that controls input/output or system calls of an application or service. It operates by monitoring and blocking communications based on a configured policy, generally with predefined rule sets to choose from. The two primary categories of application firewalls are network-b...	Application firewall	[ "Engineering" ]	1,287	[ "Cybersecurity engineering", "Data security" ]
956,525	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knox%20Mine%20disaster	The Knox Mine disaster was a mining accident on January 22, 1959, at the River Slope Mine, an anthracite coal mine, in Jenkins Township, Pennsylvania. The Susquehanna River broke through the ceiling and flooded the mine. Twelve miners were killed. The accident marked nearly the end of deep mining in the northern anthra...	Knox Mine disaster	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,011	[ "Systems engineering", "Reliability engineering", "Technological failures", "Engineering failures", "Civil engineering" ]
956,709	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%20clock	A time clock, sometimes known as a clock card machine, punch clock, or time recorder, is a device that records start and end times for hourly employees (or those on flexi-time) at a place of business. In mechanical time clocks, this was accomplished by inserting a heavy paper card, called a time card, into a slot on t...	Time clock	[ "Physics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	2,068	[ "Physical systems", "Machines", "Clocks", "Measuring instruments" ]
30,700,069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto%20Redlich	Otto Redlich (November 4, 1896 – August 14, 1978) was an Austrian physical chemist who is best known for his development of equations of state like the Redlich-Kwong equation. Redlich also made numerous other contributions to science. He won the Haitinger Prize of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in 1932. Biography Re...	Otto Redlich	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	482	[ "Thermodynamics", "Thermodynamicists" ]
40,038,058	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Society%20for%20Soil%20Mechanics%20and%20Geotechnical%20Engineering	The International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE) is an international professional association, presently based in London, representing engineers, academics and contractors involved in geotechnical engineering. It is a federation of 90 member societies representing 91 countries around t...	International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	735	[ "Soil mechanics", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Geotechnical organizations", "Civil engineering organizations" ]
40,039,971	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parbuckle%20salvage	Parbuckle salvage, or parbuckling, is the righting of a sunken vessel using rotational leverage. A common operation with smaller watercraft, parbuckling is also employed to right large vessels. In 1943, the was rotated nearly 180 degrees to upright after being sunk in the attack on Pearl Harbor, and the Italian cruis...	Parbuckle salvage	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	1,513	[ "Physical phenomena", "Classical mechanics", "Rotation", "Motion (physics)", "Marine engineering" ]
40,044,236	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segs4Vets	Segs4Vets, a continuing program which began in 2005, is a grass-roots effort sustained and administered by volunteers in the United States that provide Segway PT vehicles to disabled United States military personnel. The program which made its first presentation in September 2005 to three recipients who had sustained i...	Segs4Vets	[ "Engineering", "Biology" ]	941	[ "Accessibility", "Design", "Medical equipment", "Medical technology" ]
34,726,547	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denjoy%E2%80%93Koksma%20inequality	In mathematics, the Denjoy–Koksma inequality, introduced by as a combination of work of Arnaud Denjoy and the Koksma–Hlawka inequality of Jurjen Ferdinand Koksma, is a bound for Weyl sums of functions f of bounded variation. Statement Suppose that a map f from the circle T to itself has irrational rotation number ...	Denjoy–Koksma inequality	[ "Mathematics" ]	141	[ "Theorems in mathematical analysis", "Mathematical analysis", "Binary relations", "Mathematical relations", "Inequalities (mathematics)", "Mathematical problems", "Mathematical theorems" ]
34,727,315	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toroidal%20moment	In electromagnetism, a toroidal moment is an independent term in the multipole expansion of electromagnetic fields besides magnetic and electric multipoles. In the electrostatic multipole expansion, all charge and current distributions can be expanded into a complete set of electric and magnetic multipole coefficients...	Toroidal moment	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,108	[ "Electromagnetism", "Physical phenomena", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Fundamental interactions", "Moment (physics)" ]
34,732,769	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal%20oxidation	Internal oxidation, in corrosion of metals, is the process of formation of corrosion products (e.g. a metal oxide) within the metal bulk. In other words, the corrosion products are created away from the metal surface, and they are isolated from the surface. Internal oxidation occurs when some components of the alloy a...	Internal oxidation	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	145	[ "Metallurgy", "Corrosion", "Electrochemistry", "Electrochemistry stubs", "Materials degradation", "Physical chemistry stubs", "Chemical process stubs" ]
34,732,976	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal-phosphine%20complex	A metal-phosphine complex is a coordination complex containing one or more phosphine ligands. Almost always, the phosphine is an organophosphine of the type R3P (R = alkyl, aryl). Metal phosphine complexes are useful in homogeneous catalysis. Prominent examples of metal phosphine complexes include Wilkinson's catalys...	Metal-phosphine complex	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,635	[ "Catalysis", "Chemical kinetics", "Coordination chemistry", "Coordination complexes" ]
34,733,019	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobson%E2%80%93Morozov%20theorem	In mathematics, the Jacobson–Morozov theorem is the assertion that nilpotent elements in a semi-simple Lie algebra can be extended to sl2-triples. The theorem is named after , . Statement The statement of Jacobson–Morozov relies on the following preliminary notions: an sl2-triple in a semi-simple Lie algebra (throug...	Jacobson–Morozov theorem	[ "Mathematics" ]	429	[ "Theorems in algebra", "Mathematical theorems", "Mathematical problems", "Algebra" ]
34,733,083	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessen%E2%80%93Wintner%20theorem	In mathematics, the Jessen–Wintner theorem, introduced by , asserts that a random variable of Jessen–Wintner type, meaning the sum of an almost surely convergent series of independent discrete random variables, is of pure type. References Probability theorems	Jessen–Wintner theorem	[ "Mathematics" ]	54	[ "Theorems in probability theory", "Mathematical theorems", "Mathematical problems" ]
34,738,409	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carleson%E2%80%93Jacobs%20theorem	In mathematics, the Carleson–Jacobs theorem, introduced by , describes the best approximation to a continuous function on the unit circle by a function in a Hardy space. Notes References Theorems in complex analysis Hardy spaces	Carleson–Jacobs theorem	[ "Mathematics" ]	44	[ "Theorems in mathematical analysis", "Mathematical analysis", "Theorems in complex analysis", "Mathematical analysis stubs" ]
34,738,529	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lange%27s%20conjecture	In algebraic geometry, Lange's conjecture is a theorem about stability of vector bundles over curves, introduced by and proved by Montserrat Teixidor i Bigas and Barbara Russo in 1999. Statement Let C be a smooth projective curve of genus greater or equal to 2. For generic vector bundles and on C of ranks and degre...	Lange's conjecture	[ "Mathematics" ]	213	[ "Theorems in algebraic geometry", "Conjectures that have been proved", "Theorems in geometry", "Mathematical problems", "Mathematical theorems" ]
34,738,966	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20radiation	Optical radiation is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths between 100 nm and 1 mm. This range includes visible light, infrared light, and part of the ultraviolet spectrum. Optical radiation is non-ionizing, and can be focused with lenses and manipulated by other optical elements. Optics is the stud...	Optical radiation	[ "Physics" ]	474	[ "Physical phenomena", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Electromagnetic radiation", "Electromagnetic spectrum", "Radiation" ]
34,739,005	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials%20genome	Materials genome is an analogy to genomes in biology, but in a conceptual sense: the many important phases, defects, and processes that make up engineered materials are the "genome" of materials science. The Materials Genome Initiative (MGI) is a federal, multi-agency effort to design, manufacture, and deploy materials...	Materials genome	[ "Physics" ]	551	[ "Materials", "Matter" ]
34,739,129	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anelastic%20attenuation%20factor	In reflection seismology, the anelastic attenuation factor, often expressed as seismic quality factor or Q (which is inversely proportional to attenuation factor), quantifies the effects of anelastic attenuation on the seismic wavelet caused by fluid movement and grain boundary friction. As a seismic wave propagates th...	Anelastic attenuation factor	[ "Physics" ]	721	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Geophysics" ]
35,883,894	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimemoxin	Cimemoxin (INN), or cyclohexylmethylhydrazine, is a hydrazine monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) antidepressant which was never marketed. Synthesis It possesses 50 times the relative activity of iproniazid and 25x nialamide (see patent). 3-Cyclohexene-1-carbaldehyde [100-50-5] (aka 1,2,3,6-Tetrahydrobenzaldehyde) is...	Cimemoxin	[ "Chemistry" ]	176	[ "Functional groups", "Hydrazines" ]
35,883,924	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domoxin	Domoxin (INN) is a hydrazine derivative monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) antidepressant which was never marketed. See also Monoamine oxidase inhibitor Hydrazine (antidepressant) References Antidepressants Benzodioxans Hydrazines Monoamine oxidase inhibitors	Domoxin	[ "Chemistry" ]	67	[ "Functional groups", "Hydrazines" ]
35,884,241	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel%E2%80%93Popescu%20theorem	In mathematics, the Gabriel–Popescu theorem is an embedding theorem for certain abelian categories, introduced by . It characterizes certain abelian categories (the Grothendieck categories) as quotients of module categories. There are several generalizations and variations of the Gabriel–Popescu theorem, given by (fo...	Gabriel–Popescu theorem	[ "Mathematics" ]	407	[ "Functions and mappings", "Mathematical structures", "Theorems in algebra", "Mathematical objects", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Category theory", "Functors", "Mathematical relations", "Theorems in abstract algebra" ]
35,885,689	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternant%20hydrocarbon	An alternant hydrocarbon is any conjugated hydrocarbon system which does not possess an odd-membered ring. For such systems it is possible to undertake a starring process, in which the carbon atoms are divided into two sets: all the carbons in one set are marked with a star such that no two starred or unstarred atoms a...	Alternant hydrocarbon	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	355	[ "Molecular physics", "Theoretical chemistry stubs", "Theoretical chemistry", " molecular", "nan", "Atomic", "Molecular physics stubs", " and optical physics" ]
35,886,071	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation%20condenser	In a reactor core isolation cooling system ("RCIC"), an isolation condenser (IC or iso. condenser; also isolation condenser system) is one of the emergency reactor safety systems in some nuclear plants (boiling water reactor safety systems). Emergency passive system It is a passive system for cooling of some reactors...	Isolation condenser	[ "Physics" ]	523	[ "Physical quantities", "Nuclear power", "Nuclear technology", "Power (physics)", "Nuclear physics" ]
27,874,410	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20Analytical%20Symposium	The Eastern Analytical Symposium (EAS) and Exposition is an American organization that sponsors a Symposium and Exposition generally held in Princeton, New Jersey, every November. The Symposium is attended by over 2000 scientists and typically contains several hundred papers by the world's leading authorities on analyt...	Eastern Analytical Symposium	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,179	[ "Chromatography", "Molecular physics", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Separation processes", "Instrumental analysis", "nan", "Spectroscopy" ]
29,168,254	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial%20group%20algebra	In mathematics, a partial group algebra is an associative algebra related to the partial representations of a group. Examples The partial group algebra is isomorphic to the direct sum: See also Group ring Group representation Notes References Algebras Representation theory of groups	Partial group algebra	[ "Mathematics" ]	52	[ "Algebras", "Mathematical structures", "Algebraic structures" ]
29,168,663	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macromonomer	In polymer chemistry, a macromonomer (or macromer) is a macromolecule with one end-group that enables it to act as a reactive monomer and undergo further polymerization. Macromonomers will contribute a single repeat unit to a chain of the completed macromolecule. Several macromonomers have been successfully synthesize...	Macromonomer	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	178	[ "Materials science", "Polymer chemistry" ]
29,172,575	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LNAPL%20transmissivity	LNAPL transmissivity is the discharge of light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) through a unit width of aquifer for a unit gradient. Scholars Alex Mayer and S. Majid Hassanizadeh define LNAPL transmissivity as the "product of the porous medium permeability and the LNAPL relative permeability, which in turn is a functi...	LNAPL transmissivity	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	400	[ "Hydrology", "nan", "Environmental engineering" ]
29,172,732	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror%20nuclei	In physics, mirror nuclei are a pair of isobars of two different elements where the number of protons of isobar one (Z1) equals the number of neutrons of isobar two (N2) and the number of protons of isotope two (Z2) equals the number of neutrons in isotope one (N1); in short: Z1 = N2 and Z2 = N1. This implies that the ...	Mirror nuclei	[ "Physics" ]	287	[ "Nuclear physics" ]
29,177,295	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory%20of%20solar%20cells	The theory of solar cells explains the process by which light energy in photons is converted into electric current when the photons strike a suitable semiconductor device. The theoretical studies are of practical use because they predict the fundamental limits of a solar cell, and give guidance on the phenomena that co...	Theory of solar cells	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	4,544	[ "Physical chemistry", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "nan" ]
29,179,018	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Converted-wave%20analysis	During seismic exploration, P-waves (also known as primary or compressive waves) penetrate down into the earth. Due to mode conversion, a P-wave can reflect upwards as an S-wave (also known as a secondary, shear or transverse wave) when it hits an interface (e.g., solid-liquid). Other P-wave to S-wave (P-S) conversion...	Converted-wave analysis	[ "Physics" ]	298	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Geophysics" ]
2,107,349	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterothermy	Heterothermy or heterothermia (from Greek ἕτερος heteros "other" and θέρμη thermē "heat") is a physiological term for animals that vary between self-regulating their body temperature, and allowing the surrounding environment to affect it. In other words, they exhibit characteristics of both poikilothermy and homeotherm...	Heterothermy	[ "Biology" ]	785	[ "Thermoregulation", "Animals", "Animal physiology", "Homeostasis" ]
2,108,110	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20welding%20processes	This is a list of welding processes, separated into their respective categories. The associated N reference numbers (second column) are specified in ISO 4063 (in the European Union published as EN ISO 4063). Numbers in parentheses are obsolete and were removed from the current (1998) version of ISO 4063. The AWS refere...	List of welding processes	[ "Engineering" ]	203	[ "Welding", "Mechanical engineering" ]
2,108,774	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcloning	In molecular biology, subcloning is a technique used to move a particular DNA sequence from a parent vector to a destination vector. Subcloning is not to be confused with molecular cloning, a related technique. Procedure Restriction enzymes are used to excise the gene of interest (the insert) from the parent. Th...	Subcloning	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	843	[ "Cloning", "Genetic engineering", "Biotechnology", "Molecular biology techniques", "nan", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry" ]
2,109,352	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinonoid%20zwitterion	A quinonoid zwitterion is a mesoionic zwitterion based on quinone-related chemical compounds. The benzene derivate 1,3-dihydroxy-4,6-diaminobenzene is easily oxidized by air in water or methanol to the quinonoid. This compound was first prepared in 1883 and the quinonoid structure first proposed in 1956. In 2002 the co...	Quinonoid zwitterion	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	190	[ "Ions", "Zwitterions", "Matter" ]
2,110,057	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypsochromic%20shift	In spectroscopy, hypsochromic shift () is a change of spectral band position in the absorption, reflectance, transmittance, or emission spectrum of a molecule to a shorter wavelength (higher frequency). Because the blue color in the visible spectrum has a shorter wavelength than most other colors, this effect is also c...	Hypsochromic shift	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Astronomy", "Engineering" ]	278	[ "Spectroscopy stubs", "Materials science stubs", "Molecular physics", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Instrumental analysis", "Chromism", "Astronomy stubs", "Materials science", "Smart materials", "Molecular physics stubs", "Spectroscopy", "Physical chemistry stubs" ]
2,110,062	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathochromic%20shift	In spectroscopy, bathochromic shift (; hence less common alternate spelling "bathychromic") is a change of spectral band position in the absorption, reflectance, transmittance, or emission spectrum of a molecule to a longer wavelength (lower frequency). Because the red color in the visible spectrum has a longer wavele...	Bathochromic shift	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	243	[ "Molecular physics", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Instrumental analysis", "Chromism", "Materials science", "Smart materials", "Spectroscopy" ]
23,102,251	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StarTram	StarTram is a proposed space launch system propelled by maglev technology. The initial Generation 1 facility is proposed to launch cargo only from a mountain peak at an altitude of using an evacuated tube remaining at local surface level. Annual orbital lift was estimated at approximately 150,000 tons. More advanced t...	StarTram	[ "Astronomy", "Technology" ]	3,309	[ "Exploratory engineering", "Transport systems", "Outer space", "Space technology", "Vertical transport devices", "Megastructures" ]
23,105,042	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primordial%20nuclide	In geochemistry, geophysics and nuclear physics, primordial nuclides, also known as primordial isotopes, are nuclides found on Earth that have existed in their current form since before Earth was formed. Primordial nuclides were present in the interstellar medium from which the solar system was formed, and were formed ...	Primordial nuclide	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	2,368	[ "Isotopes", "Radiometric dating", "nan", "Nuclear physics", "Radioactivity" ]
5,291,187	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramberg%E2%80%93Osgood%20relationship	The Ramberg–Osgood equation was created to describe the nonlinear relationship between stress and strain—that is, the stress–strain curve—in materials near their yield points. It is especially applicable to metals that harden with plastic deformation (see work hardening), showing a smooth elastic-plastic transition. As...	Ramberg–Osgood relationship	[ "Physics", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	706	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Materials science", "Mechanics", "Mechanical engineering", "nan" ]
5,291,341	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable%20cycle%20engine	A variable cycle engine (VCE), also referred to as adaptive cycle engine (ACE), is an aircraft jet engine that is designed to operate efficiently under mixed flight conditions, such as subsonic, transonic and supersonic. An advanced technology engine is a turbine engine that allows different turbines to spin at differ...	Variable cycle engine	[ "Physics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,577	[ "Jet engines", "Mechanics", "Mechanical engineering", "Engines" ]
5,291,424	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic%20state%20function	The characteristic state function or Massieu's potential in statistical mechanics refers to a particular relationship between the partition function of an ensemble. In particular, if the partition function P satisfies or in which Q is a thermodynamic quantity, then Q is known as the "characteristic state function"...	Characteristic state function	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	175	[ "Thermodynamics stubs", "Statistical mechanics stubs", "Thermodynamics", "Statistical mechanics", "Physical chemistry stubs" ]
5,291,862	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium%20carbide	Hafnium carbide (HfC) is a chemical compound of hafnium and carbon. Previously the material was estimated to have a melting point of about 3,900 °C. More recent tests have been able to conclusively prove that the substance has an even higher melting point of 3,958 °C exceeding those of tantalum carbide and tantalum haf...	Hafnium carbide	[ "Physics" ]	529	[ "Refractory materials", "Materials", "Matter" ]
5,291,923	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium%28IV%29%20oxide	Hafnium(IV) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula . Also known as hafnium dioxide or hafnia, this colourless solid is one of the most common and stable compounds of hafnium. It is an electrical insulator with a band gap of 5.3~5.7 eV. Hafnium dioxide is an intermediate in some processes that give hafnium met...	Hafnium(IV) oxide	[ "Physics", "Materials_science" ]	711	[ "Physical phenomena", "Ferroelectric materials", "Materials", "Electrical phenomena", "Hysteresis", "Matter" ]
5,292,003	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indium%28III%29%20oxide	Indium(III) oxide (In2O3) is a chemical compound, an amphoteric oxide of indium. Physical properties Crystal structure Amorphous indium oxide is insoluble in water but soluble in acids, whereas crystalline indium oxide is insoluble in both water and acids. The crystalline form exists in two phases, the cubic (bixbyit...	Indium(III) oxide	[ "Chemistry" ]	827	[ "Semiconductor materials" ]
5,292,136	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indium%28III%29%20telluride	Indium(III) telluride (In2Te3) is an inorganic compound. A black solid, it is sometimes described as an intermetallic compound, because it has properties that are metal-like and salt like. It is a semiconductor that has attracted occasional interest for its thermoelectric and photovoltaic applications. No applications...	Indium(III) telluride	[ "Chemistry" ]	128	[ "Semiconductor materials", "Inorganic compounds", "Inorganic compound stubs" ]
5,292,305	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanum%20carbide	Lanthanum carbide (LaC2) is a chemical compound. It is being studied in relation to the manufacture of certain types of superconductors and nanotubes. Preparation LaC2 can be prepared by reacting lanthanum oxide, La2O3, with carbon in an electric furnace, or by melting pellets of the elements in an arc furnace. Pro...	Lanthanum carbide	[ "Chemistry" ]	855	[ "Electron", "Electrides", "Salts" ]
5,292,415	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%28II%29%20fluoride	Lead(II) fluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula PbF2. It is a white solid. The compound is polymorphic, at ambient temperatures it exists in orthorhombic (PbCl2 type) form, while at high temperatures it is cubic (Fluorite type). Preparation Lead(II) fluoride can be prepared by treating lead(II) hydroxid...	Lead(II) fluoride	[ "Chemistry" ]	371	[ "Luminescence", "Glass chemistry", "Inorganic compounds", "Glass compositions", "Salts", "Phosphors and scintillators", "Metal halides", "Reagents for organic chemistry", "Fluorides" ]
5,292,533	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuser%20%28optics%29	In optics, a diffuser (also called a light diffuser or optical diffuser) is any material that diffuses or scatters light in some manner to transmit soft light. Diffused light can be easily obtained by reflecting light from a white surface, while more compact diffusers may use translucent material, including ground glas...	Diffuser (optics)	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	716	[ "Glass engineering and science", "Optical components", "Optical filters", "Filters", "Components" ]
5,293,306	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNP%20array	In molecular biology, SNP array is a type of DNA microarray which is used to detect polymorphisms within a population. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), a variation at a single site in DNA, is the most frequent type of variation in the genome. Around 335 million SNPs have been identified in the human genome, 15 m...	SNP array	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	1,000	[ "Biochemistry methods", "Genetics techniques", "Biological engineering", "Microtechnology", "Microarrays", "Gene expression", "Bioinformatics", "Molecular biology techniques", "Molecular genetics", "Cellular processes", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry" ]
5,296,675	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium%28III%29%20oxide	Rhodium(III) oxide (or Rhodium sesquioxide) is the inorganic compound with the formula Rh2O3. It is a gray solid that is insoluble in ordinary solvents. Structure Rh2O3 has been found in two major forms. The hexagonal form adopts the corundum structure. It transforms into an orthorhombic structure when heated above 75...	Rhodium(III) oxide	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	372	[ "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Chromism", "Materials science", "Smart materials", "Spectroscopy" ]
5,297,589	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halpin%E2%80%93Tsai%20model	Halpin–Tsai model is a mathematical model for the prediction of elasticity of composite material based on the geometry and orientation of the filler and the elastic properties of the filler and matrix. The model is based on the self-consistent field method although often consider to be empirical. See also Cadec-onli...	Halpin–Tsai model	[ "Physics", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	171	[ "Materials science stubs", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Continuum mechanics", "Composite materials", "Materials science", "Classical mechanics", "Materials", "nan", "Matter" ]
5,297,698	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meltwater%20pulse%201A	Meltwater pulse 1A (MWP1a) is the name used by Quaternary geologists, paleoclimatologists, and oceanographers for a period of rapid post-glacial sea level rise, between 13,500 and 14,700 years ago, during which the global sea level rose between and in about 400–500 years, giving mean rates of roughly /yr. Meltwater p...	Meltwater pulse 1A	[ "Physics", "Environmental_science" ]	2,042	[ "Oceanography", "Hydrology", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics" ]
3,931,817	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strain%20hardening%20exponent	The strain hardening exponent (also called the strain hardening index), usually denoted , is a measured parameter that quantifies the ability of a material to become stronger due to strain hardening. Strain hardening (work hardening) is the process by which a material's load-bearing capacity increases during plastic (p...	Strain hardening exponent	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	348	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Solid mechanics", "Mechanics", "Mechanical engineering" ]
3,931,971	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCneisen%20parameter	In condensed matter, Grüneisen parameter is a dimensionless thermodynamic parameter named after German physicist Eduard Grüneisen, whose original definition was formulated in terms of the phonon nonlinearities. Because of the equivalences of many properties and derivatives within thermodynamics (e.g. see Maxwell rela...	Grüneisen parameter	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	713	[ "Thermodynamic properties", "Physical quantities", "Dimensionless numbers of thermodynamics", "Phases of matter", "Materials science", "Condensed matter physics", "Matter" ]
3,932,275	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20physical%20constants	The constants listed here are known values of physical constants expressed in SI units; that is, physical quantities that are generally believed to be universal in nature and thus are independent of the unit system in which they are measured. Many of these are redundant, in the sense that they obey a known relationshi...	List of physical constants	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	334	[ "Physical constants", "Quantity", "Physical quantities" ]
33,222,076	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden%20algebra	Hidden algebra provides a formal semantics for use in the field of software engineering, especially for concurrent distributed object systems. It supports correctness proofs. Hidden algebra was studied by Joseph Goguen. It handles features of large software-based systems, including concurrency, distribution, nondeterm...	Hidden algebra	[ "Mathematics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	118	[ "Computing platforms", "IT infrastructure", "Algebra", "Mathematical logic", "Logical calculi", "Universal algebra", "Concurrent computing", "Software engineering stubs", "Software engineering", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Abstract algebra" ]
24,582,087	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAR-160	The LAR-160 is a light artillery rocket (hence LAR) with a 160mm calibre, a minimum range of 12 km and a maximum range of 45 km, from a multiple rocket launcher. Each standard launcher holds two 13 rocket Launch Pod Containers (LPC's) for truck or trailer mounting, 18 rocket LPC's for medium armored vehicle's (AMX-13, ...	LAR-160	[ "Engineering" ]	743	[ "Modular design", "Modular rocket launchers" ]
24,583,515	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic%20route%20selection	Automatic route selection is a private branch exchange (PBX) feature that allows a system to route a telephone call over the most appropriate carrier and service offering based on factors such as the type of call (i.e., local, local long distance, etc.), the user's class of service (CoS), the time of day, and the day o...	Automatic route selection	[ "Engineering" ]	189	[ "Electrical engineering", "Telecommunications engineering" ]
24,585,634	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian%20system	In mathematics, a Lagrangian system is a pair , consisting of a smooth fiber bundle and a Lagrangian density , which yields the Euler–Lagrange differential operator acting on sections of . In classical mechanics, many dynamical systems are Lagrangian systems. The configuration space of such a Lagrangian system is a f...	Lagrangian system	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	532	[ "Mathematical analysis", "Lagrangian mechanics", "Classical mechanics", "Mechanics", "Differential operators", "Dynamical systems" ]
24,586,129	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge%20symmetry%20%28mathematics%29	In mathematics, any Lagrangian system generally admits gauge symmetries, though it may happen that they are trivial. In theoretical physics, the notion of gauge symmetries depending on parameter functions is a cornerstone of contemporary field theory. A gauge symmetry of a Lagrangian is defined as a differential ope...	Gauge symmetry (mathematics)	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	740	[ "Geometry", "Symmetry" ]
24,587,308	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wearable%20cardioverter%20defibrillator	A wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) is a non-invasive, external device for patients at risk of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). It allows physicians time to assess their patient's arrhythmic risk and see if their ejection fraction improves before determining the next steps in patient care. It is a leased device. A ...	Wearable cardioverter defibrillator	[ "Biology" ]	5,016	[ "Medical equipment", "Medical technology" ]
24,590,863	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended%20aeration	Extended aeration is a method of sewage treatment using modified activated sludge procedures. It is preferred for relatively small waste loads, where lower operating efficiency is offset by mechanical simplicity. Conventional sewage treatment Mechanized sewage treatment typically includes settling in a primary clarif...	Extended aeration	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	366	[ "Water treatment", "Chemical engineering", "Sewerage infrastructure", "Pollution control technologies", "Water pollution", "Sewerage", "Civil engineering", "Environmental engineering", "Water technology", "Waste treatment technology" ]
24,592,849	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C4H9Br	The molecular formula C4H9Br, (molar mass: 137.02 g/mol, exact mass: 135.9888 u) may refer to: 1-Bromobutane 2-Bromobutane tert-Butyl bromide 1-bromo-2-methylpropane Molecular formulas	C4H9Br	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	72	[ "Molecules", "Set index articles on molecular formulas", "Isomerism", "Molecular formulas", "Matter" ]
24,593,105	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20spacetime	In mathematical physics, the concept of quantum spacetime is a generalization of the usual concept of spacetime in which some variables that ordinarily commute are assumed not to commute and form a different Lie algebra. The choice of that algebra varies from one theory to another. As a result of this change, some vari...	Quantum spacetime	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	2,710	[ "Applied mathematics", "Theoretical physics", "Mathematical physics" ]
24,593,246	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATM%20Adaptation%20Layer%202	ATM Adaptation Layer 2 (AAL2) is an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) adaptation layer, used primarily in telecommunications; for example, it is used for the Iu interfaces in the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, and is also used for transporting digital voice. The standard specifications related to AAL2 are I...	ATM Adaptation Layer 2	[ "Engineering" ]	1,517	[ "Asynchronous Transfer Mode", "Computer networks engineering" ]
24,593,416	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadfield%20House%20Glass%20Museum	Broadfield House, a Grade II listed building, was home to a glass museum and hot glass studio, owned and operated by Dudley Council museum service and was located in Kingswinford, West Midlands, England. The museum closed on 30 September 2015. It displayed a huge variety of glass objects, dating from the 17th century ...	Broadfield House Glass Museum	[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	845	[ "Glass engineering and science", "Glass museums and galleries" ]
24,593,664	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20differential%20calculus	In quantum geometry or noncommutative geometry a quantum differential calculus or noncommutative differential structure on an algebra over a field means the specification of a space of differential forms over the algebra. The algebra here is regarded as a coordinate ring but it is important that it may be noncommut...	Quantum differential calculus	[ "Mathematics" ]	714	[ "Mathematical structures", "Mathematical objects", "Algebraic structures" ]
31,677,000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California%20Green%20Chemistry%20Initiative	The California Green Chemistry Initiative (CGCI) is a six-part initiative to reduce public and environmental exposure to toxins through improved knowledge and regulation of chemicals; two parts became statute in 2008. The other four parts were not passed, but are still on the agenda of the California Department of Toxi...	California Green Chemistry Initiative	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	3,716	[ "Green chemistry", "Chemical engineering", "Environmental chemistry", "nan" ]
31,677,158	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt%20dryer	A belt dryer (belt drier) a kind of industrial dryer, is an apparatus which is used for continuous drying and cooling of woodchip, pellets, pastes, moulded compounds and panels using air, inert gas, or flue gas. Working principle A Belt dryer / Belt cooler is a device designed for the particularly gentle thermal trea...	Belt dryer	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	757	[ "Dryers", "Chemical equipment", "Industrial machinery" ]
31,680,083	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map%20symbol	A map symbol or cartographic symbol is a graphical device used to visually represent a real-world feature on a map, working in the same fashion as other forms of symbols. Map symbols may include point markers, lines, regions, continuous fields, or text; these can be designed visually in their shape, size, color, patter...	Map symbol	[ "Mathematics" ]	2,165	[ "Symbols" ]
31,681,255	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda%20pumps	Honda pumps are portable pumps which are manufactured in Japan, India, China and the United States. Pump types All Honda Power Equipment petrol-powered pumps utilize a Honda 4-stroke engine, while the submersible pumps use electricity to power the engine. Volume Volume (or transfer) pumps are designed to pump a massi...	Honda pumps	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	77	[ "Pumps", "Turbomachinery", "Physical systems", "Hydraulics", "Mechanical engineering", "Mechanical engineering stubs" ]
1,456,984	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic%20synthesis	Organic synthesis is a branch of chemical synthesis concerned with the construction of organic compounds. Organic compounds are molecules consisting of combinations of covalently-linked hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms. Within the general subject of organic synthesis, there are many different types of synt...	Organic synthesis	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,181	[ "Organic synthesis", "Chemical synthesis" ]
1,458,192	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%E2%80%93Kubo%20relations	The Green–Kubo relations (Melville S. Green 1954, Ryogo Kubo 1957) give the exact mathematical expression for a transport coefficient in terms of the integral of the equilibrium time correlation function of the time derivative of a corresponding microscopic variable (sometimes termed a "gross variable", as in ): One...	Green–Kubo relations	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	1,658	[ "Thermodynamic equations", "Equations of physics", "Non-equilibrium thermodynamics", "Theoretical physics", "Thermodynamics", "Statistical mechanics", "Dynamical systems" ]
1,459,010	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stationary%20phase%20approximation	In mathematics, the stationary phase approximation is a basic principle of asymptotic analysis, applying to functions given by integration against a rapidly-varying complex exponential. This method originates from the 19th century, and is due to George Gabriel Stokes and Lord Kelvin. It is closely related to Laplace's...	Stationary phase approximation	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,260	[ "Mathematical analysis", "Quantum mechanics", "Perturbation theory" ]
1,460,126	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatic%20polynomial	The chromatic polynomial is a graph polynomial studied in algebraic graph theory, a branch of mathematics. It counts the number of graph colorings as a function of the number of colors and was originally defined by George David Birkhoff to study the four color problem. It was generalised to the Tutte polynomial by Hass...	Chromatic polynomial	[ "Mathematics" ]	2,832	[ "Graph invariants", "Graph coloring", "Mathematical relations", "Graph theory" ]
1,460,172	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic%20homology	In noncommutative geometry and related branches of mathematics, cyclic homology and cyclic cohomology are certain (co)homology theories for associative algebras which generalize the de Rham (co)homology of manifolds. These notions were independently introduced by Boris Tsygan (homology) and Alain Connes (cohomology) i...	Cyclic homology	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,417	[ "Fields of abstract algebra", "Mathematical structures", "Category theory", "Homological algebra" ]
1,460,235	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indeterminate%20%28variable%29	In mathematics, an indeterminate or formal variable is a variable (a symbol, usually a letter) that is used purely formally in a mathematical expression, but does not stand for any value. In analysis, a mathematical expression such as is usually taken to represent a quantity whose value is a function of its variable ...	Indeterminate (variable)	[ "Mathematics" ]	835	[ "Sequences and series", "Mathematical structures", "Series (mathematics)", "Calculus", "Polynomials", "Abstract algebra", "Algebra" ]
1,460,525	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncovirus	An oncovirus or oncogenic virus is a virus that can cause cancer. This term originated from studies of acutely transforming retroviruses in the 1950–60s, when the term oncornaviruses was used to denote their RNA virus origin. With the letters RNA removed, it now refers to any virus with a DNA or RNA genome causing canc...	Oncovirus	[ "Biology" ]	5,066	[ "Viruses", "Tree of life (biology)", "Microorganisms" ]
1,460,629	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective%20temperature	The effective temperature of a body such as a star or planet is the temperature of a black body that would emit the same total amount of electromagnetic radiation. Effective temperature is often used as an estimate of a body's surface temperature when the body's emissivity curve (as a function of wavelength) is not kn...	Effective temperature	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Astronomy", "Mathematics" ]	1,673	[ "Thermodynamic properties", "Physical phenomena", "Physical quantities", "Concepts in astrophysics", "Concepts in astronomy", "Electromagnetic radiation", "Quantity", "Astrophysics", "Radiation", "Thermodynamics", "Planetary science", "Astronomical sub-disciplines", "Stellar astronomy" ]
1,460,717	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betweenness%20problem	Betweenness is an algorithmic problem in order theory about ordering a collection of items subject to constraints that some items must be placed between others. It has applications in bioinformatics and was shown to be NP-complete by . Problem statement The input to a betweenness problem is a collection of ordered tri...	Betweenness problem	[ "Mathematics" ]	870	[ "NP-complete problems", "Mathematical problems", "Order theory", "Computational problems" ]
38,695,606	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvikk%20case	The Kvikk case is about a variety of birth defects in the children of the men who served on HNoMS Kvikk, a Royal Norwegian Navy fast patrol boat (FPB) of the Snøgg class.An investigation found that the ship's electronic systems were not to blame; no other cause has been established.Suspicion arose when two former offic...	Kvikk case	[ "Physics" ]	1,247	[ "Electromagnetic radiation", "Physical phenomena", "Radiation" ]
38,705,442	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurchatov%20Center%20for%20Synchrotron%20Radiation%20and%20Nanotechnology	The Kurchatov Center for Synchrotron Radiation and Nanotechnology (KCSRN) is a Russian interdisciplinary institute for synchrotron-based research. The source is used for research in fields such as biology, chemistry, physics and palaeontology. As with all synchrotron sources, the Kurchatov source is a user facility. ...	Kurchatov Center for Synchrotron Radiation and Nanotechnology	[ "Materials_science" ]	238	[ "Materials testing", "Synchrotron radiation facilities" ]
38,707,008	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order-4%20heptagonal%20tiling	In geometry, the order-4 heptagonal tiling is a regular tiling of the hyperbolic plane. It has Schläfli symbol of {7,4}. Symmetry This tiling represents a hyperbolic kaleidoscope of 7 mirrors meeting as edges of a regular heptagon. This symmetry by orbifold notation is called *2222222 with 7 order-2 mirror intersecti...	Order-4 heptagonal tiling	[ "Physics" ]	433	[ "Isogonal tilings", "Tessellation", "Hyperbolic tilings", "Isohedral tilings", "Symmetry" ]
38,707,079	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snub%20tetraheptagonal%20tiling	In geometry, the snub tetraheptagonal tiling is a uniform tiling of the hyperbolic plane. It has Schläfli symbol of sr{7,4}. Images Drawn in chiral pairs, with edges missing between black triangles: Dual tiling The dual is called an order-7-4 floret pentagonal tiling, defined by face configuration V3.3.4.3.7. Rela...	Snub tetraheptagonal tiling	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	260	[ "Snub tilings", "Isogonal tilings", "Tessellation", "Chirality", "Hyperbolic tilings", "Uniform tilings", "Chiral figures", "Symmetry" ]
38,707,133	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order-4%20octagonal%20tiling	In geometry, the order-4 octagonal tiling is a regular tiling of the hyperbolic plane. It has Schläfli symbol of {8,4}. Its checkerboard coloring can be called a octaoctagonal tiling, and Schläfli symbol of r{8,8}. Uniform constructions There are four uniform constructions of this tiling, three of them as constructed...	Order-4 octagonal tiling	[ "Physics" ]	616	[ "Isogonal tilings", "Tessellation", "Hyperbolic tilings", "Isohedral tilings", "Symmetry" ]
38,707,221	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truncated%20order-8%20octagonal%20tiling	In geometry, the truncated order-8 octagonal tiling is a uniform tiling of the hyperbolic plane. It has Schläfli symbol of t0,1{8,8}. Uniform colorings This tiling can also be constructed in *884 symmetry with 3 colors of faces: Related polyhedra and tiling Symmetry The dual of the tiling represents the fundamenta...	Truncated order-8 octagonal tiling	[ "Physics" ]	379	[ "Truncated tilings", "Isogonal tilings", "Tessellation", "Hyperbolic tilings", "Uniform tilings", "Symmetry" ]
37,260,503	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald%20Hoyer	Harald Hoyer is a computer programmer and photographer, best known for developing the dracut initramfs generator and framework, the udev device manager of Linux, the systemd replacement for the System V init daemon and the Gummiboot EFI boot loader. Harald Hoyer also made various contributions to the Linux Kernel, star...	Harald Hoyer	[ "Technology" ]	136	[ "Computing stubs", "Computer specialist stubs" ]
37,264,560	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBie	Construction Operations Building Information Exchange (COBie) is a United States-originated specification relating to managed asset information including space and equipment. It is closely associated with building information modeling (BIM) approaches to design, construction, and management of built assets. Purpose C...	COBie	[ "Engineering" ]	1,497	[ "Computer-aided design", "Design engineering", "Building engineering", "Data modeling", "Construction", "Data engineering", "Civil engineering", "Building information modeling", "Architecture" ]
37,265,571	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touschek%20effect	The Touschek effect describes the scattering and loss of charged particles in a storage ring. It was discovered by Bruno Touschek. It is determined by the average of the scattering rate around the ring In fact, since the momentum acceptance for scattering with energy gain may be different from that for scattering ...	Touschek effect	[ "Physics" ]	261	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Accelerator physics", "Experimental physics" ]
37,270,550	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20aperture%20%28accelerator%20physics%29	The dynamic aperture is the stability region of phase space in a circular accelerator. For hadrons In the case of protons or heavy ion accelerators, (or synchrotrons, or storage rings), there is minimal radiation, and hence the dynamics is symplectic. For long term stability, tiny dynamical diffusion (or Arnold diffus...	Dynamic aperture (accelerator physics)	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	273	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Mechanics", "Experimental physics", "Accelerator physics", "Dynamical systems" ]
21,607,958	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breachway	A breachway is the shore along a channel, or the whole area around the place where a channel meets the ocean. The Rhode Island coastline has many breachways on its map. Today's permanent breachways have rock jetties that line the sides of the channel to protect against erosion or closing of the waterway. The water ...	Breachway	[ "Engineering" ]	81	[ "Construction", "Coastal engineering", "Coastal construction", "Civil engineering" ]
21,609,404	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolerance%20analysis	Tolerance analysis is the general term for activities related to the study of accumulated variation in mechanical parts and assemblies. Its methods may be used on other types of systems subject to accumulated variation, such as mechanical and electrical systems. Engineers analyze tolerances for the purpose of evaluatin...	Tolerance analysis	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	1,679	[ "Statistical process control", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Engineering statistics", "Mechanical engineering" ]
21,610,688	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint%20compatibility%20branch%20and%20bound	Joint compatibility branch and bound (JCBB) is an algorithm in computer vision and robotics commonly used for data association in simultaneous localization and mapping. JCBB measures the joint compatibility of a set of pairings that successfully rejects spurious matchings and is hence known to be robust in complex envi...	Joint compatibility branch and bound	[ "Engineering" ]	66	[ "Robotics engineering", "Packaging machinery", "Robot control", "Artificial intelligence engineering", "Computer vision" ]
21,614,103	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry%20of%20Materials	Chemistry of Materials is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, published since 1989 by the American Chemical Society. It was founded by Leonard V. Interrante, who was the Editor-in-Chief until 2013. Jillian M. Buriak took over as Editor-in-Chief in January 2014. She was followed by Sara E. Skrabalak, who assumed the pos...	Chemistry of Materials	[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	168	[ "Materials science stubs", "Materials science journals", "Materials science journal stubs", "Materials science" ]
21,614,781	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHELPG	CHELPG (CHarges from ELectrostatic Potentials using a Grid-based method) is an atomic charge calculation scheme developed by Breneman and Wiberg, in which atomic charges are fitted to reproduce the molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) at a number of points around the molecule. The charge calculation methods based ...	CHELPG	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	368	[ "Quantum chemistry", "Quantum mechanics", "Theoretical chemistry", "Computational chemistry", " molecular", "nan", "Atomic", " and optical physics" ]
2,927,563	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etch%20pit%20density	The etch pit density (EPD) is a measure for the quality of semiconductor wafers. Etching An etch solution is applied on the surface of the wafer where the etch rate is increased at dislocations of the crystal resulting in pits. For GaAs one uses typically molten KOH at 450 degrees Celsius for about 40 minutes in a zir...	Etch pit density	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	208	[ "Electrical resistance and conductance", "Physical quantities", "Semiconductors", "Materials", "Electronic engineering", "Condensed matter physics", "Solid state engineering", "Matter" ]
2,928,212	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauschinger%20effect	The Bauschinger effect refers to a property of materials where the material's stress/strain characteristics change as a result of the microscopic stress distribution of the material. For example, an increase in tensile yield strength occurs at the expense of compressive yield strength. The effect is named after German...	Bauschinger effect	[ "Physics", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	2,467	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Materials science", "nan" ]
2,928,452	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedict%E2%80%93Webb%E2%80%93Rubin%20equation	The Benedict–Webb–Rubin equation (BWR), named after Manson Benedict, G. B. Webb, and L. C. Rubin, is an equation of state used in fluid dynamics. Working at the research laboratory of the M. W. Kellogg Company, the three researchers rearranged the Beattie–Bridgeman equation of state and increased the number of experime...	Benedict–Webb–Rubin equation	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	318	[ "Equations of fluid dynamics", "Equations of physics", "Fluid dynamics" ]

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