id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
24,957,519 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionized%20impurity%20scattering | In quantum mechanics, ionized impurity scattering is the scattering of charge carriers by ionization in the lattice. The most primitive models can be conceptually understood as a particle responding to unbalanced local charge that arises near a crystal impurity; similar to an electron encountering an electric field. Th... | Ionized impurity scattering | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 206 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Scattering stubs",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Scattering",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Particle physics",
"Nuclear physics",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
24,957,935 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice%20scattering | Lattice scattering is the scattering of ions by interaction with atoms in a lattice. This effect can be qualitatively understood as phonons colliding with charge carriers.
In the current quantum mechanical picture of conductivity the ease with which electrons traverse a crystal lattice is dependent on the near perfect... | Lattice scattering | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 158 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Scattering stubs",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Scattering",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Particle physics",
"Nuclear physics",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
24,958,527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group%20testing | In statistics and combinatorial mathematics, group testing is any procedure that breaks up the task of identifying certain objects into tests on groups of items, rather than on individual ones. First studied by Robert Dorfman in 1943, group testing is a relatively new field of applied mathematics that can be applied to... | Group testing | [
"Mathematics"
] | 7,649 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Combinatorics"
] |
24,958,775 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B6schl%E2%80%93Teller%20potential | In mathematical physics, a Pöschl–Teller potential, named after the physicists Herta Pöschl (credited as G. Pöschl) and Edward Teller, is a special class of potentials for which the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation can be solved in terms of special functions.
Definition
In its symmetric form is explicitly given b... | Pöschl–Teller potential | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 229 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum models",
"Quantum mechanical potentials",
"Mathematical physics",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
24,960,160 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProVerif | ProVerif is a software tool for automated reasoning about the security properties of cryptographic protocols. The tool has been developed by Bruno Blanchet and others.
Support is provided for cryptographic primitives including: symmetric & asymmetric cryptography; digital signatures; hash functions; bit-commitment; a... | ProVerif | [
"Mathematics"
] | 672 | [
"Cryptographic software",
"Mathematical software"
] |
24,962,428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhamnogalacturonan-II | Rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II) is a complex polysaccharide component of pectin that is found in the primary cell walls of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants and gymnosperms. It is supposed to be crucial for the plant cell wall integrity. RG-II is also likely to be present in the walls of some lower plants (ferns... | Rhamnogalacturonan-II | [
"Chemistry"
] | 364 | [
"Carbohydrates",
"Organic compounds",
"Wine chemistry",
"Alcohol chemistry",
"Organic compound stubs",
"Organic chemistry stubs",
"Polysaccharides"
] |
24,969,173 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types%20of%20concrete | Concrete is produced in a variety of compositions, finishes and performance characteristics to meet a wide range of needs.
Mix design
Modern concrete mix designs can be complex. The choice of a concrete mix depends on the need of the project both in terms of strength and appearance and in relation to local legislatio... | Types of concrete | [
"Engineering"
] | 5,990 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Concrete"
] |
24,969,353 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma%20lamp | Plasma lamps are a type of electrodeless gas-discharge lamp energized by radio frequency (RF) power. They are distinct from the novelty plasma lamps that were popular in the 1980s.
The internal-electrodeless lamp was invented by Nikola Tesla after his experimentation with high-frequency currents in evacuated glass tub... | Plasma lamp | [
"Physics"
] | 1,051 | [
"Plasma technology and applications",
"Plasma physics"
] |
23,467,710 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential%20map%20%28discrete%20dynamical%20systems%29 | In the theory of dynamical systems, the exponential map can be used as the evolution function of the discrete nonlinear dynamical system.
Family
The family of exponential functions is called the exponential family.
Forms
There are many forms of these maps, many of which are equivalent under a coordinate transformatio... | Exponential map (discrete dynamical systems) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 137 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical analysis stubs",
"Mathematical objects",
"Mathematical relations",
"Chaotic maps",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
23,470,492 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidomain%20model | The bidomain model is a mathematical model to define the electrical activity of the heart. It consists in a continuum (volume-average) approach in which the cardiac microstructure is defined in terms of muscle fibers grouped in sheets, creating a complex three-dimensional structure with anisotropical properties. Then, ... | Bidomain model | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,941 | [
"Mathematical modeling",
"Applied mathematics",
"Computational mathematics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Numerical analysis",
"Approximations"
] |
23,470,812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnology%20and%20Bioprocess%20Engineering | Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering is a peer-reviewed bimonthly scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of the Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering covers all aspects of biotechnology and bioengineering. The editor-in-chief... | Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering | [
"Biology"
] | 212 | [
"Biotechnology literature",
"Biotechnology journals"
] |
23,471,261 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorptance | In the study of heat transfer, absorptance of the surface of a material is its effectiveness in absorbing radiant energy. It is the ratio of the absorbed to the incident radiant power.
Mathematical definitions
Hemispherical absorptance
Hemispherical absorptance of a surface, denoted is defined as
where
is the radi... | Absorptance | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 311 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Physical properties",
"Radiometry"
] |
23,473,595 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year | A light-year, alternatively spelled light year (ly or lyr), is a unit of length used to express astronomical distances and is equal to exactly , which is approximately 5.88 trillion mi. As defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), a light-year is the distance that light travels in vacuum in one Julian year... | Light-year | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,448 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Units of length",
"Concepts in astronomy",
"Quantity",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Units of measurement in astronomy",
"Waves",
"Light",
"Units of measurement"
] |
23,473,596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%20wake | Electron wake is the disturbance left after a high-energy charged particle passes through condensed matter or plasma. Ions passing through can introduce periodic oscillations in the crystal lattice or plasma wave with the characteristic frequency of the crystal or plasma frequency. Interactions of the field created by ... | Electron wake | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 243 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Plasma physics",
"Plasma phenomena",
"Scattering stubs",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Scattering",
"Plasma physics stubs",
"Particle physics",
" molecular",
"Nuclear physics",
"Atomic",
"Atomic physics",
"Condensed matter physics",
... |
23,475,491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luttinger%E2%80%93Kohn%20model | The Luttinger–Kohn model is a flavor of the k·p perturbation theory used for calculating the structure of multiple, degenerate electronic bands in bulk and quantum well semiconductors. The method is a generalization of the single band k·p theory.
In this model, the influence of all other bands is taken into account by... | Luttinger–Kohn model | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 750 | [
"Phases of matter",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Matter",
"Materials science"
] |
23,475,732 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20oxidation%20nanolithography | Local oxidation nanolithography (LON) is a tip-based nanofabrication method. It is based on the spatial confinement on an oxidation reaction under the sharp tip of an atomic force microscope.
The first materials on which LON was demonstrated were Si(111) and polycrystalline tantalum. Subsequently, the technique has be... | Local oxidation nanolithography | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,557 | [
"Microtechnology",
"Scanning probe microscopy",
"Microscopy",
"Nanotechnology",
"Lithography (microfabrication)"
] |
23,476,130 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino%20decoupling | In Big Bang cosmology, neutrino decoupling was the epoch at which neutrinos ceased interacting with other types of matter, and thereby ceased influencing the dynamics of the universe at early times. Prior to decoupling, neutrinos were in thermal equilibrium with protons, neutrons and electrons, which was maintained thr... | Neutrino decoupling | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 1,347 | [
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Theoretical physics",
"Physical cosmology",
"Astrophysics"
] |
23,476,165 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweep%20generator | A sweep generator is a piece of electronic test equipment similar to, and sometimes included on, a function generator which creates an electrical waveform with a linearly varying frequency and a constant amplitude. Sweep generators are commonly used to test the frequency response of electronic filter circuits. These ... | Sweep generator | [
"Engineering"
] | 518 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Electronic engineering",
"Electrical circuits"
] |
23,477,549 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scout%20X-2M | Scout X-2M was an American expendable launch system which was flown three times between May 1962 and April 1963. It was a four-stage rocket, based on the earlier Scout X-2, but with an MG-18 upper stage instead of the Altair used on the X-2. It was a member of the Scout family of rockets.
The Scout X-2 was an all-soli... | Scout X-2M | [
"Astronomy"
] | 247 | [
"Rocketry stubs",
"Astronomy stubs"
] |
31,019,140 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedthrough | A feedthrough is a conductor used to carry a signal through an enclosure or printed circuit board. Like any conductor, it has a small amount of capacitance. A "feedthrough capacitor" has a guaranteed minimum value of built in it and is used for bypass purposes in ultra-high-frequency applications. Feedthroughs can be... | Feedthrough | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 370 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Electrical components",
"Components"
] |
31,021,099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20commercially%20available%20roofing%20materials | Roofing material is the outermost layer on the roof of a building, sometimes self-supporting, but generally supported by an underlying structure. A building's roofing material provides shelter from the natural elements. The outer layer of a roof shows great variation dependent upon availability of material, and the nat... | List of commercially available roofing materials | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,579 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Building engineering",
"Structural system",
"Construction",
"Materials",
"Architecture lists",
"Civil engineering",
"Roofs",
"Matter",
"Architecture"
] |
31,023,913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lute%20%28material%29 | Lute (from Latin Lutum, meaning mud, clay etc.) was a substance used to seal and affix apparatus employed in chemistry and alchemy, and to protect component vessels against heat damage by fire; it was also used to line furnaces. Lutation was thus the act of "cementing vessels with lute".
In pottery, luting is a techn... | Lute (material) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,206 | [
"Separation processes",
"Alchemical substances",
"Materials",
"Distillation",
"Matter"
] |
31,025,902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobayashi%20metric | In mathematics and especially complex geometry, the Kobayashi metric is a pseudometric intrinsically associated to any complex manifold. It was introduced by Shoshichi Kobayashi in 1967. Kobayashi hyperbolic manifolds are an important class of complex manifolds, defined by the property that the Kobayashi pseudometric i... | Kobayashi metric | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,364 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic geometry"
] |
39,117,935 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical%20properties%20of%20biomaterials | Materials that are used for biomedical or clinical applications are known as biomaterials. The following article deals with fifth generation biomaterials that are used for bone structure replacement. For any material to be classified for biomedical applications, three requirements must be met. The first requirement is ... | Mechanical properties of biomaterials | [
"Physics",
"Biology"
] | 3,096 | [
"Biomaterials",
"Materials",
"Matter",
"Medical technology"
] |
39,124,477 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined%20forced%20and%20natural%20convection | In fluid thermodynamics, combined forced convection and natural convection, or mixed convection, occurs when natural convection and forced convection mechanisms act together to transfer heat. This is also defined as situations where both pressure forces and buoyant forces interact. How much each form of convection cont... | Combined forced and natural convection | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 856 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Heat transfer",
"Convection",
"Thermodynamics"
] |
39,124,671 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NK-92 | The NK-92 cell line is an immortalised cell line that has the characteristics of a type of immune cell found in human blood called ’natural killer’ (NK) cells. Blood NK cells and NK-92 cells recognize and attack cancer cells as well as cells that have been infected with a virus, bacteria, or fungus. NK-92 cells were fi... | NK-92 | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 1,454 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Genetic engineering",
"Biotechnology",
"nan",
"Molecular biology"
] |
41,842,064 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetranitratoaluminate | Tetranitratoaluminate is an anion of aluminium and nitrate groups with formula [Al(NO3)4]− that can form salts called tetranitratoaluminates. It is unusual in being a nitrate complex of a light element.
Related substances
By substituting boron for aluminium tetranitratoborates result. Aluminium can coordinate more nit... | Tetranitratoaluminate | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 699 | [
"Matter",
"Anions",
"Nitrates",
"Salts",
"Oxidizing agents",
"Ions"
] |
41,848,782 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodaikanal%20mercury%20poisoning | Kodaikanal mercury poisoning is a proven case of mercury contamination at the hill station of Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India by Hindustan Unilever in the process of making mercury thermometers for export around the world. The exposé of the environmental abuse led to the closure of the factory in 2001 and opened up a ser... | Kodaikanal mercury poisoning | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,970 | [
"Ecological restoration",
"Environmental soil science",
"Biodegradation",
"Ecological techniques",
"Environmental engineering",
"Bioremediation",
"Neurochemistry",
"Neurotoxins"
] |
40,409,788 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convolutional%20neural%20network | A convolutional neural network (CNN) is a regularized type of feed-forward neural network that learns features by itself via filter (or kernel) optimization. This type of deep learning network has been applied to process and make predictions from many different types of data including text, images and audio. Convolutio... | Convolutional neural network | [
"Engineering"
] | 12,456 | [
"Artificial intelligence engineering",
"Packaging machinery",
"Computer vision"
] |
40,410,426 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohn-Vossen%27s%20inequality | In differential geometry, Cohn-Vossen's inequality, named after Stefan Cohn-Vossen, relates the integral of Gaussian curvature of a non-compact surface to the Euler characteristic. It is akin to the Gauss–Bonnet theorem for a compact surface.
A divergent path within a Riemannian manifold is a smooth curve in the mani... | Cohn-Vossen's inequality | [
"Mathematics"
] | 336 | [
"Theorems in differential geometry",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Binary relations",
"Mathematical relations",
"Inequalities (mathematics)",
"Theorems in geometry",
"Mathematical problems"
] |
40,411,044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdenum%28III%29%20chloride | Molybdenum(III) chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula MoCl3. It forms purple crystals.
Synthesis and structure
Molybdenum(III) chloride is synthesized by the reduction of molybdenum(V) chloride with hydrogen. A higher yield is produced by the reduction of pure molybdenum(V) chloride with anhydrous tin(II... | Molybdenum(III) chloride | [
"Chemistry"
] | 358 | [
"Chlorides",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Salts"
] |
40,413,995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallory%27s%20trichrome%20stain | Mallory's trichrome stain also called Mallory's Triple Stain is a stain utilized in histology to aid in revealing different macromolecules that make up the cell. It uses the three stains: aniline blue, acid fuchsin, and orange G. As a result, this staining technique can reveal collagen, ordinary cytoplasm, and red bloo... | Mallory's trichrome stain | [
"Chemistry"
] | 312 | [
"Histology",
"Microscopy"
] |
40,417,621 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scout%20%28autonomous%20boat%29 | Scout is an autonomous robotic boat designed to complete the first autonomous transatlantic crossing. The project was started by Tiverton students Dylan Rodriguez and Max Kramers in 2010 with the goal of creating an autonomous craft to make the journey from Rhode Island to Sanlucar de Barrameda, Spain. After several it... | Scout (autonomous boat) | [
"Engineering"
] | 303 | [
"Robotics",
"Automation"
] |
40,420,141 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C7H12O3 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C7H12O3}}
The molecular formula C7H12O3 (molar mass: 144.17 g/mol, exact mass: 144.0786 u) may refer to:
Botryodiplodin
Ethyl levulinate
Tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate
Molecular formulas | C7H12O3 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 73 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
35,200,138 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouvelle%20tendance | Nouvelle Tendance (New Tendency) was an art movement founded in Yugoslavia in 1961. The "theoretician" of the group was Croatian art critic Matko Meštrović. The other original founders of Nouvelle Tendance were Brazilian painter Almir Mavignier, and Božo Bek, the Croatian director of the Museum of Contemporary Art, Zag... | Nouvelle tendance | [
"Physics"
] | 308 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Motion (physics)",
"Space",
"Mechanics",
"Spacetime"
] |
35,201,597 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force%20matching | Force matching is a research method consisting of test subjects attempting to produce a set forces that are equal to a set of more reliable reference forces.
Types
Biomechanical
A subject’s maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) is recorded and used to normalize both reference forces and results between subjects. During... | Force matching | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 579 | [
"Force",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mass",
"Classical mechanics",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Matter"
] |
22,013,888 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerrolow%20136 | Cerrolow 136, is a fusible alloy that becomes liquid at approximately 58 °C (136 °F). It is a eutectic alloy of bismuth, lead, indium, and tin, with the following percentages by weight: 49% Bi, 18% Pb, 21% In, 12% Sn.
It is also known as ChipQuik desoldering alloy. and Lens Alloy 136, used for mounting lenses and othe... | Cerrolow 136 | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 166 | [
"Metallurgy",
"Alloys",
"Fusible alloys"
] |
22,016,953 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J1%20J2%20model | The J1–J2 model is a quantum spin model like the Heisenberg model but also includes a term for the interaction between next-nearest neighbor spins.
Hamiltonian
In this model, the term represents the usual nearest-neighbor interaction as seen in the Heisenberg model, and represents the exchange interaction to the nex... | J1 J2 model | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 101 | [
"Spin models",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum magnetism",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Statistical mechanics"
] |
37,650,848 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated%20parking%20system | An automated (car) parking system (APS) is a mechanical system designed to minimize the area and/or volume required for parking cars. Like a multi-story parking garage, an APS provides parking for cars on multiple levels stacked vertically to maximize the number of parking spaces while minimizing land usage. The APS, h... | Automated parking system | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,992 | [
"Control engineering",
"Automation"
] |
37,656,184 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminin%20111 | Laminin–111 (also "laminin–1") is a protein of the type known as laminin isoforms. It was among the first of the laminin isoforms to be discovered. The "111" identifies the isoform's chain composition of α1β1γ1. This protein plays an important role in embryonic development. Injections of this substance are used in trea... | Laminin 111 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,720 | [
"Carbohydrate chemistry",
"nan",
"Chemical synthesis",
"Glycoproteins",
"Glycobiology"
] |
37,656,368 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic%20impacts%20on%20the%20oceans | Explosive volcanic eruptions affect the global climate in several ways.
Lowering sea surface temperature
One main impact of volcanoes is the injection of sulfur-bearing gases into the stratosphere, which oxidize to form sulfate aerosols. Stratospheric sulfur aerosols spread around the globe by the atmospheric circulat... | Volcanic impacts on the oceans | [
"Physics",
"Environmental_science"
] | 840 | [
"Oceanography",
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics"
] |
37,657,202 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary%20equilibrium%20temperature | The planetary equilibrium temperature is a theoretical temperature that a planet would be if it were in radiative equilibrium, typically under the assumption that it radiates as a black body being heated only by its parent star. In this model, the presence or absence of an atmosphere (and therefore any greenhouse effec... | Planetary equilibrium temperature | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,510 | [
"Concepts in astronomy",
"Thermodynamics",
"Equations of astronomy",
"Planetary science",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
37,657,545 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C21H19ClN4O2 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C21H19ClN4O2}}
The molecular formula C21H19ClN4O2 (molar mass: 394.86 g/mol) may refer to:
SB-242084
Setanaxib
SSR-180,575
Molecular formulas | C21H19ClN4O2 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 67 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
37,658,021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null%20model | In mathematics, for example in the study of statistical properties of graphs, a null model is a type of random object that matches one specific object in some of its features, or more generally satisfies a collection of constraints, but which is otherwise taken to be an unbiasedly random structure. The null model is us... | Null model | [
"Mathematics"
] | 369 | [
"Graph theory stubs",
"Discrete mathematics",
"Graph theory",
"Combinatorics",
"Mathematical relations"
] |
37,658,639 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive%20Coloration%20in%20Animals | Adaptive Coloration in Animals is a 500-page textbook about camouflage, warning coloration and mimicry by the Cambridge zoologist Hugh Cott, first published during the Second World War in 1940; the book sold widely and made him famous.
The book's general method is to present a wide range of examples from across the an... | Adaptive Coloration in Animals | [
"Biology"
] | 4,766 | [
"Mimicry",
"Biological defense mechanisms"
] |
37,661,448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katz%E2%80%93Lang%20finiteness%20theorem | In number theory, the Katz–Lang finiteness theorem, proved by , states that if X is a smooth geometrically connected scheme of finite type over a field K that is finitely generated over the prime field, and Ker(X/K) is the kernel of the maps between their abelianized fundamental groups, then Ker(X/K) is finite if K has... | Katz–Lang finiteness theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 110 | [
"Number theory stubs",
"Theorems in number theory",
"Mathematical problems",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Number theory"
] |
29,618,699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shearer%27s%20inequality | Shearer's inequality or also Shearer's lemma, in mathematics, is an inequality in information theory relating the entropy of a set of variables to the entropies of a collection of subsets. It is named for mathematician James B. Shearer.
Concretely, it states that if X1, ..., Xd are random variables and S1, ..., Sn are... | Shearer's inequality | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 201 | [
"Mathematical theorems",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Binary relations",
"Computer science",
"Information theory",
"Mathematical relations",
"Inequalities (mathematics)",
"Mathematical problems"
] |
29,621,014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-407C | R-407C is a mixture of hydrofluorocarbons used as a refrigerant. It is a zeotropic blend of difluoromethane (R-32), pentafluoroethane (R-125), and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). Difluoromethane serves to provide the heat capacity, pentafluoroethane decreases flammability, tetrafluoroethane reduces pressure. R-407... | R-407C | [
"Chemistry",
"Environmental_science"
] | 603 | [
"Greenhouse gases",
"Environmental chemistry"
] |
29,623,466 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave%20digestion | Microwave digestion is a chemical technique used to decompose sample material into a solution suitable for quantitative elemental analysis. It is commonly used to prepare samples for analysis using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), atomic absorption spectroscopy, and atomic emission spectroscopy (... | Microwave digestion | [
"Chemistry"
] | 608 | [
"nan"
] |
29,630,460 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OD600 | OD600 (Also written as O.D. 600, D600, o.d. 600, OD600) is an abbreviation indicating the optical density of a sample measured at a wavelength of 600 nm in 1 cm light path (unless otherwise stated). It is a commonly used in microbiology for estimating the concentration of bacteria or other cells in a liquid as the 600 ... | OD600 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 462 | [
"Spectroscopy",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Absorption spectroscopy"
] |
29,631,337 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzyltrimethylammonium%20hydroxide | Benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, also known as Triton B or trimethylbenzylammonium hydroxide, is a quaternary ammonium salt that functions as an organic base. It is usually handled as a solution in water or methanol. The compound is colourless, although the solutions often appear yellowish. Commercial samples often ... | Benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide | [
"Chemistry"
] | 290 | [
"Bases (chemistry)",
"Hydroxides",
"Reagents for organic chemistry"
] |
29,631,617 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimatter%20comet | Antimatter comets and antimatter meteoroids are hypothetical comets and meteoroids composed solely of antimatter instead of ordinary matter. Although never actually observed, and unlikely to exist anywhere within the Milky Way, they have been hypothesized to exist, and their existence, on the presumption that hypothesi... | Antimatter comet | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 1,976 | [
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"Antimatter",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Astronomical myths",
"Hypothetical astronomical objects",
"Tunguska event",
"Astronomical objects",
"Matter"
] |
46,464,450 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Averaged%20Lagrangian | In continuum mechanics, Whitham's averaged Lagrangian method – or in short Whitham's method – is used to study the Lagrangian dynamics of slowly-varying wave trains in an inhomogeneous (moving) medium.
The method is applicable to both linear and non-linear systems. As a direct consequence of the averaging used in the m... | Averaged Lagrangian | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,160 | [
"Dynamical systems",
"Lagrangian mechanics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Continuum mechanics"
] |
46,464,527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software%20Guard%20Extensions | Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX) is a set of instruction codes implementing trusted execution environment that are built into some Intel central processing units (CPUs). They allow user-level and operating system code to define protected private regions of memory, called enclaves. SGX is designed to be useful for ... | Software Guard Extensions | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,956 | [
"Cybersecurity engineering",
"Computer networks engineering",
"Computer engineering"
] |
43,334,966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valvulotome | A valvulotome is a catheter-based controllable surgical instrument used for cutting or disabling the venous valves. This is needed to enable an in situ bypass in patients with an occluded artery (especially femoral artery), where the saphenous vein is disconnected from the venous system and connected to arteries above ... | Valvulotome | [
"Biology"
] | 286 | [
"Medical devices",
"Medical technology"
] |
43,336,040 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Connett | Paul Connett is a prominent water fluoridation critic, executive director of the Binghamton, New York based Fluoride Action Network (FAN), one of the largest organizations opposing water fluoridation worldwide. Critics have stated that The Fluoride Action Network is funded, at least in part, by Joseph Mercola, who has ... | Paul Connett | [
"Chemistry"
] | 553 | [
"Water treatment",
"Water fluoridation"
] |
43,341,147 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byerlee%27s%20law | In rheology, Byerlee's law, also known as Byerlee's friction law concerns the shear stress (τ) required to slide one rock over another. The rocks have macroscopically flat surfaces, but the surfaces have small asperities that make them "rough." For a given experiment and at normal stresses (σn) below about 2000 bars (2... | Byerlee's law | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 274 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Scientific laws",
"Equations",
"Geophysics",
"Rheology",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
28,235,244 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bungaroosh |
Bungaroosh (also spelt bungeroosh and other variations) is a composite building material used almost exclusively in the English seaside resort of Brighton, the neighbouring town of Hove and in the coastal Sussex area. The etymology of the word is unknown. Its use dates from the start of the Regency period at the end ... | Bungaroosh | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 394 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Building engineering",
"Composite materials",
"Construction",
"Types of wall",
"Materials",
"Building materials",
"Matter",
"Architecture"
] |
49,349,799 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMJ%20Health%20%26%20Care%20Informatics | BMJ Health & Care Informatics is a peer-reviewed open-access medical journal covering health informatics. It was established in 1992 and is published by the BMJ. The editor-in-chief is Yu-Chuan Jack Li. The journal was established in 1992 as Informatics in Primary Care, and was renamed to Journal of Innovation in Healt... | BMJ Health & Care Informatics | [
"Biology"
] | 191 | [
"Bioinformatics",
"Biomedical informatics journals"
] |
49,352,276 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CXorf49 | CXorf49 is a protein, which in humans is encoded by the gene chromosome X open reading frame 49(CXorf49).
Gene
The CXorf49 gene has one alias CXorf49B. The recname A8MYA2 also refers to the protein coded by CXorf49 or CXorf49B.
CXorf49 is located on the X chromosome at Xq13.1. It is 3912 base pairs long and the gene... | CXorf49 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 796 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Proteins",
"Molecular biology"
] |
49,357,008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master%20regulator%20gene | In genetics, a master regulator gene is a regulator gene at the top of a gene regulation hierarchy, particularly in regulatory pathways related to cell fate and differentiation.
Examples
Most genes considered master regulators code for transcription factor proteins, which in turn alter the expression of downstream gen... | Master regulator gene | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 194 | [
"Gene expression",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
49,359,017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc%20uptake%20regulator | The zinc uptake regulator (Zur) gene is a bacterial gene that codes for a transcription factor protein involved in zinc homeostasis. The protein is a member of the ferric uptake regulator family and binds zinc with high affinity. It typically functions as a repressor of zinc uptake proteins via binding to characteristi... | Zinc uptake regulator | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 143 | [
"Gene expression",
"Prokaryotes",
"Signal transduction",
"Induced stem cells",
"Prokaryote genes",
"Transcription factors"
] |
49,362,816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squire%27s%20theorem | In fluid dynamics, Squire's theorem states that of all the perturbations that may be applied to a shear flow (i.e. a velocity field of the form ), the perturbations which are least stable are two-dimensional, i.e. of the form , rather than the three-dimensional disturbances. This applies to incompressible flows which a... | Squire's theorem | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 182 | [
"Piping",
"Chemical engineering",
"Fluid dynamics stubs",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
45,093,519 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refraction%20%28sound%29 | Refraction, in acoustics, comparable to the refraction of electromagnetic radiation, is the bending of sound propagation trajectories (rays) in inhomogeneous elastic media (gases, liquids, and solids) in which the wave velocity is a function of spatial coordinates. Bending of acoustic rays in layered inhomogeneous medi... | Refraction (sound) | [
"Physics"
] | 216 | [
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics"
] |
45,094,689 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipankar%20Das%20Sarma | Dipankar Das Sarma, popularly known as D.D. Sarma, is an Indian scientist and structural chemist, known for his researches in the fields of Solid State Chemistry, Spectroscopy, Condensed Matter Physics, Materials Science, and Nanoscience. He is a former MLS Chair Professor of Physics and Chairman of the Centre for Adva... | Dipankar Das Sarma | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,885 | [
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan",
"Solid-state chemistry"
] |
32,013,990 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin%20geometry | In mathematics, spin geometry is the area of differential geometry and topology where objects like spin manifolds and Dirac operators, and the various associated index theorems have come to play a fundamental role both in mathematics and in mathematical physics.
An important generalisation is the theory of symplectic ... | Spin geometry | [
"Mathematics"
] | 103 | [
"Topology stubs",
"Topology",
"Differential topology"
] |
32,017,546 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne%20Delaune | Étienne Delaune, Delaulne, or De Laune, (1518 or 1519) was a French goldsmith, medallist, draughtsman and engraver .
Life
He was born in Paris, or more probably at Orléans, in 1518. medallist, draughtsman He worked as a goldsmith in Paris in the 1550s. In 1552 he was appointed to the royal mint, where he would hav... | Étienne Delaune | [
"Engineering"
] | 576 | [
"Design engineering",
"Draughtsmen"
] |
32,018,036 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanism%20of%20sonoluminescence | Sonoluminescence is a phenomenon that occurs when a small gas bubble is acoustically suspended and periodically driven in a liquid solution at ultrasonic frequencies, resulting in bubble collapse, cavitation, and light emission. The thermal energy that is released from the bubble collapse is so great that it can cause ... | Mechanism of sonoluminescence | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,558 | [
"Luminescence",
"Molecular physics"
] |
32,018,124 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino%20acid%20kinase | In molecular biology, the amino acid kinase domain is a protein domain. It is found in protein kinases with various specificities, including the aspartate, glutamate and uridylate kinase families. In prokaryotes and plants the synthesis of the essential amino acids lysine and threonine is predominantly regulated by fee... | Amino acid kinase | [
"Biology"
] | 333 | [
"Protein families",
"Protein classification"
] |
32,020,153 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massive%20parallel%20sequencing | Massive parallel sequencing or massively parallel sequencing is any of several high-throughput approaches to DNA sequencing using the concept of massively parallel processing; it is also called next-generation sequencing (NGS) or second-generation sequencing. Some of these technologies emerged between 1993 and 1998 an... | Massive parallel sequencing | [
"Biology"
] | 2,558 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"DNA sequencing methods",
"DNA sequencing"
] |
33,596,365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astron%20%28fusion%20reactor%29 | The Astron is a type of fusion power device pioneered by Nicholas Christofilos and built at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory during the 1960s and 70s. Astron used a unique confinement system that avoided several of the problems found in contemporary designs like the stellarator and magnetic mirror. Developmen... | Astron (fusion reactor) | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,741 | [
"Nuclear fusion",
"Fusion reactors"
] |
33,599,550 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoreactor | Nanoreactors are a form of chemical reactor that are particularly in the disciplines of nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology. These special reactors are crucial in maintaining a working nanofoundry; which is essentially a foundry that manufactures products on a nanotechnological scale.
Summary
General information
The... | Nanoreactor | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,460 | [
"Nanotechnology",
"Materials science"
] |
33,603,101 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre%20for%20Ships%20and%20Ocean%20Structures | The Centre for Ships and Ocean Structures (CeSOS) is a research centre located at the Marine Technology Centre in Trondheim, Norway. The research centre's goal is to create fundamental knowledge about the design and operation of ships and ocean structures. The centre has been active since 2002, when it was established ... | Centre for Ships and Ocean Structures | [
"Engineering"
] | 511 | [
"Marine engineering organizations",
"Engineering research institutes",
"Marine engineering"
] |
36,224,143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary%20science | Planetary science (or more rarely, planetology) is the scientific study of planets (including Earth), celestial bodies (such as moons, asteroids, comets) and planetary systems (in particular those of the Solar System) and the processes of their formation. It studies objects ranging in size from micrometeoroids to gas g... | Planetary science | [
"Astronomy"
] | 3,678 | [
"Space science",
"Planetary science",
"Outer space",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
36,225,667 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwinger%20limit | In quantum electrodynamics (QED), the Schwinger limit is a scale above which the electromagnetic field is expected to become nonlinear. The limit was first derived in one of QED's earliest theoretical successes by Fritz Sauter in 1931 and discussed further by Werner Heisenberg and his student Hans Heinrich Euler. The... | Schwinger limit | [
"Physics"
] | 906 | [
"Quantum optics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Particle physics"
] |
36,227,078 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic%20carbon%20cycle | The oceanic carbon cycle (or marine carbon cycle) is composed of processes that exchange carbon between various pools within the ocean as well as between the atmosphere, Earth interior, and the seafloor. The carbon cycle is a result of many interacting forces across multiple time and space scales that circulates carbon... | Oceanic carbon cycle | [
"Chemistry"
] | 4,807 | [
"Chemical oceanography"
] |
36,229,076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multipass%20spectroscopic%20absorption%20cells | Multiple-pass or long path absorption cells are commonly used in spectroscopy to measure low-concentration components or to observe weak spectra in gases or liquids. Several important advances were made in this area beginning in the 1930s, and research into a wide range of applications continues to the present day.
Fu... | Multipass spectroscopic absorption cells | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,149 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Molecular physics",
"Optical devices",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Spectroscopy",
"nan",
"Physical chemistry"
] |
26,370,510 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levomilnacipran | Levomilnacipran (brand name Fetzima) is an antidepressant which was approved in the United States in 2013 for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults. It is the levorotatory enantiomer of milnacipran, and has similar effects and pharmacology, acting as a serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (S... | Levomilnacipran | [
"Chemistry"
] | 798 | [
"Stereochemistry",
"Enantiopure drugs"
] |
26,372,648 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C19H18O8 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C19H18O8}}
The molecular formula C19H18O8 (molar mass: 374.34 g/mol, exact mass: 374.1002 u) may refer to:
Casticin
Chrysosplenetin
Molecular formulas | C19H18O8 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 64 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
26,374,518 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic%20flatness | In algebraic geometry and commutative algebra, the theorems of generic flatness and generic freeness state that under certain hypotheses, a sheaf of modules on a scheme is flat or free. They are due to Alexander Grothendieck.
Generic flatness states that if Y is an integral locally noetherian scheme, is a finite type... | Generic flatness | [
"Mathematics"
] | 413 | [
"Theorems in algebra",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic geometry",
"Commutative algebra",
"Theorems in abstract algebra"
] |
23,483,761 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20Cell | Molecular Cell is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers research on cell biology at the molecular level, with an emphasis on new mechanistic insights. It was established in 1997 and is published two times per month. The journal is published by Cell Press and is a companion to Cell.
Abstracting and indexing
T... | Molecular Cell | [
"Chemistry"
] | 123 | [
"Molecular and cellular biology journals",
"Molecular biology"
] |
23,483,982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed%20range%20theorem | In the mathematical theory of Banach spaces, the closed range theorem gives necessary and sufficient conditions for a closed densely defined operator to have closed range.
The theorem was proved by Stefan Banach in his 1932 Théorie des opérations linéaires.
Statement
Let and be Banach spaces, a closed linear oper... | Closed range theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 289 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Theorems in functional analysis"
] |
23,484,427 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnenedione | A pregnenedione (singular pregnanediol) is an unsaturated diketone derivative of a pregnane. Examples are budesonide and progesterone (pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione).
References
Progestogens | Pregnenedione | [
"Chemistry"
] | 63 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Pharmacology stubs",
"Medicinal chemistry stubs"
] |
31,029,322 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-Boolean%20function | In mathematics and optimization, a pseudo-Boolean function is a function of the form
where is a Boolean domain and is a nonnegative integer called the arity of the function. A Boolean function is then a special case, where the values are also restricted to 0 or 1.
Representations
Any pseudo-Boolean function can be ... | Pseudo-Boolean function | [
"Mathematics"
] | 631 | [
"Mathematical optimization",
"Mathematical analysis"
] |
31,032,136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering%20for%20Change | Engineering for Change (E4C) is an online platform and international community of engineers, scientists, non-governmental organizations, local community advocates and other innovators working to solve problems in sustainable global development. Their mission is to 'prepare, educate, and activate the international techn... | Engineering for Change | [
"Engineering"
] | 877 | [
"Engineers Without Borders",
"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers",
"Mechanical engineering organizations",
"nan",
"Mechanical engineering",
"American Society of Mechanical Engineers",
"Electrical engineering organizations"
] |
41,851,479 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pwo%20DNA%20polymerase | Pwo polymerase is a thermostable DNA polymerase used for the polymerase chain reaction. The abbreviation stands for Pyrococcus woesei, a thermophilic archaeon, from which this polymerase was isolated. This polymerase breaks when reaching erroneous uracil in DNA from the chain extension and, through this readahead funct... | Pwo DNA polymerase | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 246 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Genetics techniques",
"Polymerase chain reaction",
"DNA replication",
"Molecular genetics"
] |
41,851,667 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vent%20DNA%20polymerase | Vent polymerase is a archean thermostable DNA polymerase used for the polymerase chain reaction. It was isolated from the thermophile Thermococcus litoralis.
References
DNA replication
EC 2.7.7
Polymerase chain reaction | Vent DNA polymerase | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 55 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Genetics techniques",
"Polymerase chain reaction",
"DNA replication",
"Molecular genetics"
] |
41,854,117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monacolin%20J | Monacolin J is a statin made by red yeast rice. Monacolin J is a precursor to simvastatin and has potential neuroprotective activities.
It can be produced by total mycosynthesis.
References
Statins | Monacolin J | [
"Chemistry"
] | 50 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Organic compound stubs",
"Organic chemistry stubs"
] |
41,858,625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic%20sieving | In combinatorial mathematics, cyclic sieving is a phenomenon in which an integer polynomial evaluated at certain roots of unity counts the rotational symmetries of a finite set.
Given a family of cyclic sieving phenomena, the polynomials give a q-analog for the enumeration of the finite sets, and often arise from an u... | Cyclic sieving | [
"Mathematics"
] | 996 | [
"Sequences and series",
"Discrete mathematics",
"Mathematical structures",
"Combinatorics",
"Generating functions"
] |
24,970,625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA-based%20evolution | RNA-based evolution is a theory that posits that RNA is not merely an intermediate between Watson and Crick model of the DNA molecule and proteins, but rather a far more dynamic and independent role-player in determining phenotype. By regulating the transcription in DNA sequences, the stability of RNA, and the capabili... | RNA-based evolution | [
"Biology"
] | 1,489 | [
"Evolutionary biology"
] |
24,972,374 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscotherm | Viscotherms is a general name used to describe equipment for control of viscosity and temperature of a fluid, in particular of fuel oil in fuel viscosity control systems. The term originated from a brand name Viscotherm registered by VAF Instruments in 1971 and produced until 2009.
The first viscotherm used a measuri... | Viscotherm | [
"Physics"
] | 313 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Viscosity",
"Physical properties"
] |
24,973,931 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme%20response%20spectrum | The Extreme Response Spectrum (ERS) (or Maximum Response Spectrum (MRS)) is defined as a curve giving the value of the highest peak of the response of a linear Single Degree of Freedom System (SDOF system) to vibration, according to its natural frequency, for a given damping ratio. The response is described here by the... | Extreme response spectrum | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 627 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical vibrations"
] |
24,974,609 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida%20Platform | The Florida Platform is a flat geological feature with the emergent portion forming the Florida peninsula.
Structure
The platform forms an escarpment between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. The platform's western edge, or Florida Escarpment, is normally defined where water depths at drop dramatically and i... | Florida Platform | [
"Physics"
] | 353 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical oceanography"
] |
24,976,623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen%20pinch | Hydrogen pinch analysis (HPA) is a hydrogen management method that originates from the concept of heat pinch analysis. HPA is a systematic technique for reducing hydrogen consumption and hydrogen generation through integration of hydrogen-using activities or processes in the petrochemical industry, petroleum refineries... | Hydrogen pinch | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 450 | [
"Chemical engineering",
"nan",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
24,979,028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete%20degradation | Concrete degradation may have many different causes. Concrete is mostly damaged by the corrosion of reinforcement bars due to the carbonatation of hardened cement paste or chloride attack under wet conditions. Chemical damage is caused by the formation of expansive products produced by chemical reactions (from carbonat... | Concrete degradation | [
"Materials_science"
] | 9,204 | [
"Materials degradation",
"Concrete degradation"
] |
24,980,042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanda%20Barnard | Amanda Susan Barnard (born 31 December 1971) is an Australian theoretical physicist working in predicting the real world behavior of nanoparticles using analytical models and supercomputer simulations and applied machine learning. Barnard is a pioneer in the thermodynamic cartography of nanomaterials, creating nanosc... | Amanda Barnard | [
"Physics"
] | 894 | [
"Computational physicists",
"Computational physics"
] |
24,980,412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalidomide%20scandal | In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the use of thalidomide in 46 countries was prescribed to women who were pregnant or who subsequently became pregnant, and consequently resulted in the "biggest anthropogenic medical disaster ever," with more than 10,000 children born with a range of severe deformities, such as phocome... | Thalidomide scandal | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,582 | [
"Drug safety"
] |
24,981,838 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic%20hypersomnia | Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a neurological disorder which is characterized primarily by excessive sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Idiopathic hypersomnia was first described by Bedrich Roth in 1976, and it can be divided into two forms: polysymptomatic and monosymptomatic. The condition typically become... | Idiopathic hypersomnia | [
"Biology"
] | 4,703 | [
"Behavior",
"Sleep",
"Sleep disorders"
] |
39,127,833 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%20state | In quantum mechanics, the cat state, named after Schrödinger's cat, refers to a quantum state composed of a superposition of two other states of flagrantly contradictory aspects. Generalizing Schrödinger's thought experiment, any other quantum superposition of two macroscopically distinct states is also referred to as ... | Cat state | [
"Physics"
] | 2,469 | [
"Quantum states",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
39,129,580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaimos | Vaimos (Voilier Autonome Instrumenté pour Mesures Océanographiques de Surface) is an autonomous sailing boat with embedded instrumentation for ocean surface measurements.
Its goal is to collect measurements at the surface of the ocean. This robot is the result of a collaboration between ENSTA Bretagne and IFREMER. ENS... | Vaimos | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 416 | [
"Machines",
"Robots",
"Automation",
"Physical systems",
"Robotics"
] |
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