id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
46,870,556 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence%20and%20conduction%20bands | In solid-state physics, the valence band and conduction band are the bands closest to the Fermi level, and thus determine the electrical conductivity of the solid. In nonmetals, the valence band is the highest range of electron energies in which electrons are normally present at absolute zero temperature, while the con... | Valence and conduction bands | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 787 | [
"Electron",
"Electronic band structures",
"Condensed matter physics"
] |
46,871,755 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hole%20drilling%20method | The hole drilling method is a method for measuring residual stresses, in a material. Residual stress occurs in a material in the absence of external loads. Residual stress interacts with the applied loading on the material to affect the overall strength, fatigue, and corrosion performance of the material. Residual stre... | Hole drilling method | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,655 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
32,430,822 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioorthogonal%20chemistry | The term bioorthogonal chemistry refers to any chemical reaction that can occur inside of living systems without interfering with native biochemical processes. The term was coined by Carolyn R. Bertozzi in 2003. Since its introduction, the concept of the bioorthogonal reaction has enabled the study of biomolecules such... | Bioorthogonal chemistry | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 5,308 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Chemical biology",
"nan",
"Biochemical reactions"
] |
32,437,920 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple%20helix | In the fields of geometry and biochemistry, a triple helix (: triple helices) is a set of three congruent geometrical helices with the same axis, differing by a translation along the axis. This means that each of the helices keeps the same distance from the central axis. As with a single helix, a triple helix may be ch... | Triple helix | [
"Mathematics",
"Biology"
] | 1,391 | [
"Geometric shapes",
"Mathematical objects",
"Protein classification",
"Protein structural motifs",
"Geometric objects"
] |
32,439,784 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical%20mathematics | The subject of physical mathematics is concerned with mathematics that is motivated by physics and is considered by some as a subfield of mathematical physics.
Overview
Physically motivated mathematics existed within a tradition of mathematical analysis of nature that goes back to the ancient Greeks. A good example is... | Physical mathematics | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 535 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Mathematical physics"
] |
57,138,844 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activation%20energy%20asymptotics | Activation energy asymptotics (AEA), also known as large activation energy asymptotics, is an asymptotic analysis used in the combustion field utilizing the fact that the reaction rate is extremely sensitive to temperature changes due to the large activation energy of the chemical reaction.
History
The techniques were... | Activation energy asymptotics | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 549 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Chemical engineering",
"Combustion",
"Asymptotic analysis",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
57,142,185 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiftphone | Shiftphone is a modular, easy-to-repair smartphone brand created by the company SHIFT in Germany. The company emphasizes fair trade and ecology, similar to Fairphone. Instead of tantalum capacitors made from coltan, ceramic capacitors are used for their manufacturing. So far, eleven model series have been released. The... | Shiftphone | [
"Engineering"
] | 989 | [
"Modular design",
"Modular smartphones"
] |
57,142,226 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium%20catalyst | Equilibrium Catalyst refers to the deactivated or spent catalyst after use in a chemical reaction.
The main player in oil refining processes such as fluid catalytic cracking (FCC), hydroprocessing, hydrocracking is the catalyst or zeolitic material, that breaks down complex and long-chain hydrocarbons into simple, us... | Equilibrium catalyst | [
"Chemistry"
] | 433 | [
"Petroleum technology",
"Chemical processes",
"Oil refining",
"nan",
"Chemical process engineering"
] |
43,689,474 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant%20pump | A coolant pump is a type of pump used to recirculate a coolant, generally a liquid, that is used to transfer heat away from an engine or other device that generates heat as a byproduct of producing energy.
Common applications of coolant pumps are:
Coolant pump or water pump, found in most modern internal combustion ... | Coolant pump | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 111 | [
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Turbomachinery",
"Pumps"
] |
43,691,183 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structures%20for%20lossless%20ion%20manipulations | Structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) are a form of ion optics to which various radio frequency and dc electric potentials can be applied and used to enable a broad range of ion manipulations, such as separations based upon ion mobility spectrometry, reactions (unimolecular, ion-molecule, and ion-ion), and s... | Structures for lossless ion manipulations | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 731 | [
"Matter",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Mass",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Ions"
] |
50,924,898 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20A.%20Lucht | David Allen Lucht (; born February 18, 1943) is an American engineer and fire safety expert. His career was devoted to public service in government, academia and the nonprofit sector. He served as the Ohio State Fire Marshal; the first presidential appointee to serve in the United States Fire Administration and the ina... | David A. Lucht | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,975 | [
"Building engineering",
"Fire protection"
] |
50,925,207 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine%20microbiome | The uterine microbiome refers to the community of commensal, nonpathogenic microorganisms—including bacteria, viruses, and yeasts/fungi—present in a healthy uterus, as well as in the amniotic fluid and endometrium. These microorganisms coexist in a specific environment within the uterus, playing a vital role in maintai... | Uterine microbiome | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 2,330 | [
"Behavior",
"Reproduction",
"Biological interactions",
"Prokaryotes",
"Microbiology",
"Bacteria",
"Microscopy",
"Microbiomes",
"Environmental microbiology",
"Microorganisms"
] |
50,928,447 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentric%20reducer | A concentric reducer is used to join pipe sections or tube sections on the same axis. The concentric reducer is cone-shaped, and is used when there is a shift in diameter between pipes. For example, when a 1" pipe transitions into a 3/4" pipe and the top or bottom of the pipe doesn't need to remain level. This pipe red... | Concentric reducer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 147 | [
"Pumps",
"Turbomachinery",
"Building engineering",
"Chemical engineering",
"Plumbing",
"Physical systems",
"Construction",
"Hydraulics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Piping"
] |
60,084,611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CITE-Seq | CITE-Seq (Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by Sequencing) is a method for performing RNA sequencing along with gaining quantitative and qualitative information on surface proteins with available antibodies on a single cell level. So far, the method has been demonstrated to work with only a few proteins ... | CITE-Seq | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,206 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"RNA sequencing",
"Molecular biology techniques"
] |
60,084,964 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%E2%80%93robot%20collaboration | Human-Robot Collaboration is the study of collaborative processes in human and robot agents work together to achieve shared goals. Many new applications for robots require them to work alongside people as capable members of human-robot teams. These include robots for homes, hospitals, and offices, space exploration and... | Human–robot collaboration | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,408 | [
"Automation",
"Industrial robots",
"Robotics",
"Human–machine interaction",
"Human–computer interaction"
] |
60,087,753 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%B6hlich%20effect | The Fröhlich effect is a visual illusion wherein the first position of a moving object entering a window is misperceived. When observers are asked to localize the onset position of the moving target, they typically make localization errors in the direction of movement ("ahead" of its true localization).
A proposed exp... | Fröhlich effect | [
"Physics"
] | 204 | [
"Optical phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Optical illusions"
] |
60,087,947 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%20AG37 | is a distant trans-Neptunian object and centaur that was discovered from the Sun, farther than any other currently observable known object in the Solar System. Imaged in January 2018 during a search for the hypothetical Planet Nine, the confirmation of this object was announced in a press release in February 2021 by a... | 2018 AG37 | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 1,565 | [
"Concepts in astronomy",
"Unsolved problems in astronomy",
"Possible dwarf planets"
] |
60,088,733 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photomultiplier | A photomultiplier is a device that converts incident photons into an electrical signal.
Kinds of photomultiplier include:
Photomultiplier tube, a vacuum tube converting incident photons into an electric signal. Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs for short) are members of the class of vacuum tubes, and more specifically vacu... | Photomultiplier | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 261 | [
"Particle detectors",
"Measuring instruments"
] |
60,089,520 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical%20Bernstein%27s%20problem | The spherical Bernstein's problem is a possible generalization of the original Bernstein's problem in the field of global differential geometry, first proposed by Shiing-Shen Chern in 1969, and then later in 1970, during his plenary address at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Nice.
The problem
Are the e... | Spherical Bernstein's problem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 704 | [
"Geometry problems",
"Unsolved problems in mathematics",
"Mathematical problems",
"Unsolved problems in geometry"
] |
60,090,599 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANNOVAR | ANNOVAR (ANNOtate VARiation) is a bioinformatics software tool for the interpretation and prioritization of single nucleotide variants (SNVs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variants (CNVs) of a given genome.
It has the ability to annotate human genomes hg18, hg19, hg38, and model organisms genomes such as: mo... | ANNOVAR | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 4,038 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Genomics techniques",
"Bioinformatics software",
"Bioinformatics",
"Molecular biology techniques"
] |
60,093,357 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-coupling%20partner | In cross-coupling reactions, the component reagents are called cross-coupling partners or simply coupling partners. These reagents can be further classified according to their nucleophilic vs electrophilic character:
R-X + R'-Y → R-R' + XY
Typically the electrophilic coupling partner (R-X) is an aryl halide, bu... | Cross-coupling partner | [
"Chemistry"
] | 153 | [
"Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions",
"Organic reactions"
] |
60,094,428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chern%27s%20conjecture%20%28affine%20geometry%29 | Chern's conjecture for affinely flat manifolds was proposed by Shiing-Shen Chern in 1955 in the field of affine geometry. As of 2018, it remains an unsolved mathematical problem.
Chern's conjecture states that the Euler characteristic of a compact affine manifold vanishes.
Details
In case the connection ∇ is the Le... | Chern's conjecture (affine geometry) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,989 | [
"Geometry problems",
"Unsolved problems in mathematics",
"Unsolved problems in geometry",
"Conjectures",
"Mathematical problems"
] |
60,094,874 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isopropylmagnesium%20chloride | Isopropylmagnesium chloride is an organometallic compound with the general formula (CH3)2HCMgCl. This highly flammable, colorless, and moisture sensitive material is the Grignard reagent derived from isopropyl chloride. It is commercially available, usually as a solution in tetrahydrofuran.
Synthesis and reactivity
S... | Isopropylmagnesium chloride | [
"Chemistry"
] | 563 | [
"Organomagnesium compounds",
"Reagents for organic chemistry"
] |
60,095,433 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hicks%20equation | In fluid dynamics, Hicks equation, sometimes also referred as Bragg–Hawthorne equation or Squire–Long equation, is a partial differential equation that describes the distribution of stream function for axisymmetric inviscid fluid, named after William Mitchinson Hicks, who derived it first in 1898. The equation was also... | Hicks equation | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 740 | [
"Chemical engineering",
"Mathematical objects",
"Differential equations",
"Equations",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
40,831,187 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20balance | Dynamic balance is the branch of mechanics that is concerned with the effects of forces on the motion of a body or system of bodies, especially of forces that do not originate within the system itself, which is also called kinetics.
Dynamic balance is the ability of an object to balance while in motion or switching be... | Dynamic balance | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 67 | [
"Classical mechanics stubs",
"Mechanics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
40,831,958 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiling | Spiling is a traditional technique used in temperate regions of the world for the prevention of erosion to river and stream banks.
Willow spiling is currently used in the United Kingdom; live willow rods are woven between live willow uprights and the area behind is filled with soil for the willow to root into.
Kiplin... | Spiling | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 314 | [
"Chemical engineering",
"Civil engineering",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
40,832,477 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian%20Aeronautics%20and%20Space%20Journal | Canadian Aeronautics and Space Journal (CASJ, French Journal aéronautique et spatial du Canada) is a triannual peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on space and aerospace. It is the official journal of the Canadian Aerospace and Space Institute and is published by Scholastica in English. The journal was e... | Canadian Aeronautics and Space Journal | [
"Engineering"
] | 136 | [
"Aerospace engineering journals",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
40,836,275 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic%20age%20problem | The cosmic age problem was a historical problem in astronomy concerning the age of the universe. The problem was that at various times in the 20th century, the universe was estimated to be younger than the oldest observed stars. Estimates of the universe's age came from measurements of the current expansion rate of the... | Cosmic age problem | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 1,844 | [
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Theoretical physics",
"Physical cosmology",
"Astrophysics"
] |
34,032,918 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced%20viscosity | In fluid dynamics, the reduced viscosity of a polymer is the ratio of the relative viscosity increment () to the mass concentration of the species of interest (c). It has units of volume per unit mass.
The reduced viscosity is given by:
where is the relative viscosity increment given by (Where is the viscosit... | Reduced viscosity | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 103 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Viscosity",
"Physical properties",
"Fluid dynamics stubs",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
34,036,115 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANDi | ANDi is the first genetically modified rhesus monkey, who was born at Oregon Health Sciences University (OHSU) on October 1, 2001. OHSU named the monkey ANDi because it stands for iDNA spelled backward.
Birth circumstances
ANDi was born with an extra glowing gene called green fluorescent protein (GFP). This GFP gene, ... | ANDi | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 419 | [
"Genetic engineering",
"Genetically modified organisms"
] |
34,040,543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunt%20impedance | In accelerator physics, shunt impedance is a measure of the strength with which an eigenmode of a resonant radio frequency structure (e.g., in a microwave cavity) interacts with charged particles on a given straight line, typically along the axis of rotational symmetry. If not specified further, the term is likely to r... | Shunt impedance | [
"Physics"
] | 385 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Accelerator physics",
"Experimental physics"
] |
45,544,166 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protide | The ProTide technology is a prodrug approach used in molecular biology and drug design. It is designed to deliver nucleotide analogues (as monophosphate) into the cell (ProTide: PROdrug + nucleoTIDE). This technology was invented by Professor Chris McGuigan from the School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences at Car... | Protide | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,634 | [
"Life sciences industry",
"Drug discovery",
"Prodrugs",
"Medicinal chemistry",
"Chemicals in medicine"
] |
39,497,996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic%20polymerization | In polymer chemistry, ionic polymerization is a chain-growth polymerization in which active centers are ions or ion pairs.
It can be considered as an alternative to radical polymerization, and may refer to anionic polymerization or cationic polymerization.
As with radical polymerization, reactions are initiated by a r... | Ionic polymerization | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 784 | [
"Polymerization reactions",
"Polymer chemistry"
] |
39,498,136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trifluoromethylsulfur%20pentafluoride | Trifluoromethylsulfur pentafluoride, CF3SF5, is a rarely used industrial greenhouse gas. It was first identified in the atmosphere in 2000. Trifluoromethylsulfur pentafluoride is considered to be one of the several "super-greenhouse gases".
Properties
The chemistry of this compound is similar to that of sulfur hexafl... | Trifluoromethylsulfur pentafluoride | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Environmental_science"
] | 288 | [
"Molecules",
"Environmental chemistry",
"Hypervalent molecules",
"Greenhouse gases",
"Matter"
] |
39,499,535 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivations%20of%20the%20Lorentz%20transformations | There are many ways to derive the Lorentz transformations using a variety of physical principles, ranging from Maxwell's equations to Einstein's postulates of special relativity, and mathematical tools, spanning from elementary algebra and hyperbolic functions, to linear algebra and group theory.
This article provides... | Derivations of the Lorentz transformations | [
"Physics"
] | 6,944 | [
"Special relativity",
"General relativity",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
39,503,180 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantazolicin | Plantazolicin (PZN) is a natural antibiotic produced by the gram-positive soil bacterium Bacillus velezensis FZB42 (previously Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42). PZN has specifically been identified as a selective bactericidal agent active against Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax. This natural product... | Plantazolicin | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 667 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Biotechnology products",
"Bactericides",
"Antibiotics",
"Molecular biology",
"Biocides",
"Peptides"
] |
39,504,221 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drucker%20stability | Drucker stability (also called the Drucker stability postulates) refers to a set of mathematical criteria that restrict the possible nonlinear stress-strain relations that can be satisfied by a solid material. The postulates are named after Daniel C. Drucker. A material that does not satisfy these criteria is often fo... | Drucker stability | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 361 | [
"Mechanics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Continuum mechanics"
] |
39,507,630 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample%20entropy | Sample entropy (SampEn; more appropriately K_2 entropy or Takens-Grassberger-Procaccia correlation entropy ) is a modification of approximate entropy (ApEn; more appropriately "Procaccia-Cohen entropy"), used for assessing the complexity of physiological and other time-series signals, diagnosing e.g. diseased states. ... | Sample entropy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,322 | [
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Statistical signal processing",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Entropy",
"Engineering statistics",
"Asymmetry",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Symmetry",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
58,579,610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphenium | Phosphenium ions, not to be confused with phosphonium or phosphirenium, are divalent cations of phosphorus of the form [PR2]+. Phosphenium ions have long been proposed as reaction intermediates.
Synthesis
Legacy methods
The first cyclic phosphenium compounds were reported in 1972 by Suzanne Fleming and coworkers. Acy... | Phosphenium | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,362 | [
"Matter",
"Functional groups",
"Octet-deficient functional groups",
"Cations",
"Ions"
] |
58,580,000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernoulli%20polynomials%20of%20the%20second%20kind | The Bernoulli polynomials of the second kind , also known as the Fontana–Bessel polynomials, are the polynomials defined by the following generating function:
The first five polynomials are:
Some authors define these polynomials slightly differently
so that
and may also use a different notation for them (the most u... | Bernoulli polynomials of the second kind | [
"Mathematics"
] | 461 | [
"Algebra",
"Discrete mathematics",
"Number theory",
"Polynomials"
] |
58,587,709 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OR-Tools | Google OR-Tools is a free and open-source software suite developed by Google for solving linear programming (LP), mixed integer programming (MIP), constraint programming (CP), vehicle routing (VRP), and related optimization problems.
OR-Tools is a set of components written in C++ but provides wrappers for Java, .NET a... | OR-Tools | [
"Mathematics"
] | 291 | [
"Numerical software",
"Mathematical software"
] |
36,630,453 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%20%3D%208%20supergravity | In four spacetime dimensions, N = 8 supergravity, speculated by Stephen Hawking, is the most symmetric quantum field theory which involves gravity and a finite number of fields. It can be found from a dimensional reduction of eleven-dimensional supergravity by making the size of seven of the dimensions go to zero. It h... | N = 8 supergravity | [
"Physics"
] | 666 | [
"Supersymmetric quantum field theory",
"Theoretical physics",
"Theories of gravity",
"Supersymmetry",
"Symmetry"
] |
36,631,161 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forecasting%20complexity | Forecasting complexity is a measure of complexity put forward (under the original name of) by the physicist Peter Grassberger.
It was later renamed "statistical complexity" by James P. Crutchfield and Karl Young.
References
Measures of complexity | Forecasting complexity | [
"Mathematics"
] | 49 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Applied mathematics stubs"
] |
36,633,800 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robbins%27%20theorem | In graph theory, Robbins' theorem, named after , states that the graphs that have strong orientations are exactly the 2-edge-connected graphs. That is, it is possible to choose a direction for each edge of an undirected graph , turning it into a directed graph that has a path from every vertex to every other vertex, if... | Robbins' theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 758 | [
"Graph connectivity",
"Graph theory",
"Theorems in discrete mathematics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Theorems in graph theory"
] |
52,375,044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VolturnUS | The VolturnUS is a floating concrete structure that supports a wind turbine, designed by University of Maine Advanced Structures and Composites Center and deployed by DeepCwind Consortium in 2013. The VolturnUS can support wind turbines in water depths of or more.
The DeepCwind Consortium and its partners deployed a ... | VolturnUS | [
"Engineering"
] | 858 | [
"Construction",
"Floating wind turbines",
"Offshore engineering"
] |
53,758,047 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiochromic%20film | Radiochromic film is a type of self-developing film typically used in the testing and characterisation of radiographic equipment such as CT scanners and radiotherapy linacs. The film contains a dye which changes colour when exposed to ionising radiation, allowing the level of exposure and beam profile to be characteris... | Radiochromic film | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 389 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Radioactive contamination",
"Measuring instruments",
"X-ray instrumentation",
"Ionising radiation detectors",
"Medical physics"
] |
53,759,905 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williams%20spray%20equation | In combustion, the Williams spray equation, also known as the Williams–Boltzmann equation, describes the statistical evolution of sprays contained in another fluid, analogous to the Boltzmann equation for the molecules, named after Forman A. Williams, who derived the equation in 1958.
Mathematical description
The spra... | Williams spray equation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 626 | [
"Equations of physics",
"Chemical engineering",
"Eponymous equations of physics",
"Combustion",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
53,763,419 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amable%20Li%C3%B1%C3%A1n | Amable Liñán Martínez (born 1934 in Noceda de Cabrera, Castrillo de Cabrera, León, Spain) is a Spanish aeronautical engineer working in the field of combustion.
Biography
He holds a PhD in Aeronautical Engineering from the Technical University of Madrid, advised by Gregorio Millán Barbany and Degree of Aeronautical E... | Amable Liñán | [
"Chemistry"
] | 435 | [
"Fellows of the Combustion Institute",
"Combustion",
"Fluid dynamicists",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
53,764,217 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-dimensional%20X-ray%20diffraction | Three-dimensional X-ray diffraction (3DXRD) is a microscopy technique using hard X-rays (with energy in the 30-100 keV range) to investigate the internal structure of polycrystalline materials in three dimensions. For a given sample, 3DXRD returns the shape, juxtaposition, and orientation of the crystallites ("grains")... | Three-dimensional X-ray diffraction | [
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 847 | [
"X-ray instrumentation",
"Measuring instruments",
"Microscopy"
] |
53,767,303 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-response%20regulator | Pseudo-response regulator (PRR) refers to a group of genes that regulate the circadian oscillator in plants. There are four primary PRR proteins (PRR9, PRR7, PRR5 and TOC1/PRR1) that perform the majority of interactions with other proteins within the circadian oscillator, and another (PRR3) that has limited function. T... | Pseudo-response regulator | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,879 | [
"Plant physiology",
"Behavior",
"Plants",
"Circadian rhythm",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Sleep"
] |
53,767,947 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%2C2%27%2C2%27%27-Nitrilotriacetonitrile | Nitrilotriacetonitrile (NTAN) is a precursor for nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA, a biodegradable complexing agent and building block for detergents), for tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (a tripodal tetradentate chelating agent known under the abbreviation tren) and for the epoxy resin crosslinker aminoethylpiperazine.
Production
... | 2,2',2''-Nitrilotriacetonitrile | [
"Chemistry"
] | 998 | [
"Amines",
"Nitriles",
"Bases (chemistry)",
"Functional groups"
] |
42,260,413 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erd%C5%91s%E2%80%93Nicolas%20number | In number theory, an Erdős–Nicolas number is a number that is not perfect, but that equals one of the partial sums of its divisors.
That is, a number is an Erdős–Nicolas number when there exists another number such that
The first ten Erdős–Nicolas numbers are
24, 2016, 8190, 42336, 45864, 392448, 714240, 1571328,... | Erdős–Nicolas number | [
"Mathematics"
] | 140 | [
"Sequences and series",
"Integer sequences",
"Mathematical structures",
"Number theory stubs",
"Recreational mathematics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Combinatorics",
"Numbers",
"Number theory"
] |
42,261,806 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slug%20flow | In fluid mechanics, slug flow in liquid–gas two-phase flow is a type of flow pattern. Lighter, faster moving continuous fluid which contains gas bubbles - pushes along a disperse gas bubble. Pressure oscillations within piping can be caused by slug flow. The word slug usually refers to the heavier, slower moving fluid,... | Slug flow | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 213 | [
"Piping",
"Chemical engineering",
"Fluid dynamics stubs",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
42,263,535 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ste5 | Ste5 is a MAPK scaffold protein involved in the mating of yeast. The active complex is formed by interactions with the MAPK Fus3, the MAPK kinase (MAPKK) Ste7, and the MAPKK kinase Ste11. After the induction of mating by an appropriate mating pheromone (either a-factor or α –factor) Ste5 and its associated proteins are... | Ste5 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 574 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Biochemistry"
] |
42,264,469 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHI3 | WHI3 is a developmental regulator in budding yeast. It influences cell size and the cell cycle by binding CLN3 mRNA and inhibiting its translation. This, in turn, inhibits the G1/S transition.
Function
WHI3 mediates many, often vital, processes such as the cell cycle, meiosis, filamentous growth and mating.
Regulatio... | WHI3 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 622 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Proteins",
"Molecular biology"
] |
42,268,134 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium%20looping | Calcium looping (CaL), or the regenerative calcium cycle (RCC), is a second-generation carbon capture technology. It is the most developed form of carbonate looping, where a metal (M) is reversibly reacted between its carbonate form (MCO3) and its oxide form (MO) to separate carbon dioxide from other gases coming from ... | Calcium looping | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 6,125 | [
"Chemical engineering",
"Geoengineering",
"Chemical processes",
"nan",
"Chemical process engineering",
"Carbon capture and storage"
] |
42,270,740 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicenistatin | Vicenistatin is a macrolactam antibiotic synthesized by Streptomyces halstedii HC34. It was originally isolated from this bacterium in 1993. It includes the unusual starter unit methylaspartate.
References
Macrolide antibiotics | Vicenistatin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 51 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Pharmacology stubs",
"Medicinal chemistry stubs"
] |
49,886,880 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakata%20model | In particle physics, the Sakata model of hadrons was a precursor to the quark model. It proposed that the proton, neutron, and Lambda baryon were elementary particles (sometimes referred to as sakatons), and that all other known hadrons were made of them. The model was proposed by Shoichi Sakata in 1956. The model was ... | Sakata model | [
"Physics"
] | 334 | [
"Hadrons",
"Subatomic particles",
"Matter"
] |
49,895,047 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplitude%20integrated%20electroencephalography | Amplitude integrated electroencephalography (aEEG), cerebral function monitoring (CFM) or continuous electroencephalogram (CEEG) is a technique for monitoring brain function in intensive care settings over longer periods of time than the traditional electroencephalogram (EEG), typically hours to days. By placing electr... | Amplitude integrated electroencephalography | [
"Mathematics"
] | 476 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Mathematics in medicine"
] |
49,905,070 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive%20source | A radioactive source is a known quantity of a radionuclide which emits ionizing radiation, typically one or more of the radiation types gamma rays, alpha particles, beta particles, and neutron radiation.
Sources can be used for irradiation, where the radiation performs a significant ionising function on a target mater... | Radioactive source | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,044 | [
"Matter",
"Materials",
"Nuclear materials",
"Nuclear physics",
"Radioactivity"
] |
49,905,706 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moduli%20stack%20of%20elliptic%20curves | In mathematics, the moduli stack of elliptic curves, denoted as or , is an algebraic stack over classifying elliptic curves. Note that it is a special case of the moduli stack of algebraic curves . In particular its points with values in some field correspond to elliptic curves over the field, and more generally morp... | Moduli stack of elliptic curves | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,199 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic geometry"
] |
46,872,870 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex%20spacetime | Complex spacetime is a mathematical framework that combines the concepts of complex numbers and spacetime in physics. In this framework, the usual real-valued coordinates of spacetime are replaced with complex-valued coordinates. This allows for the inclusion of imaginary components in the description of spacetime, whi... | Complex spacetime | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 899 | [
"Spacetime",
"Vector spaces",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
46,877,391 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precession%20electron%20diffraction | Precession electron diffraction (PED) is a specialized method to collect electron diffraction patterns in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). By rotating (precessing) a tilted incident electron beam around the central axis of the microscope, a PED pattern is formed by integration over a collection of diffraction... | Precession electron diffraction | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 4,105 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Materials science",
"Crystallography",
"Diffraction",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
32,450,455 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teva%20Active%20Pharmaceutical%20Ingredients | Teva API is an international pharmaceutical company headquartered in Israel. Teva API is a stand-alone business unit of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries limited, the largest generic drug manufacturer in the world and one of the 15 largest pharmaceutical companies worldwide.
On top of supplying a major share of Teva's o... | Teva Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients | [
"Biology"
] | 848 | [
"Life sciences industry"
] |
32,451,837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramp%20generator | In electronics and electrical engineering, a ramp generator is a circuit that creates a linear rising or falling output with respect to time. The output variable is usually voltage, although current ramps can be created.
Linear ramp generators are also known as sweep generators
Ramp generators produces a sawtooth wave... | Ramp generator | [
"Engineering"
] | 198 | [
"Analog circuits",
"Energy engineering",
"Electronic engineering",
"Power engineering",
"Electrical engineering"
] |
32,451,857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tryptophol | Tryptophol is an aromatic alcohol that induces sleep in humans. It is found in wine as a secondary product of ethanol fermentation. It was first described by Felix Ehrlich in 1912. It is also produced by the trypanosomal parasite in sleeping sickness.
It forms in the liver as a side-effect of disulfiram treatment.
Na... | Tryptophol | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 888 | [
"Hypnotics",
"Behavior",
"Sleep",
"Human drug metabolites",
"Chemicals in medicine"
] |
32,451,875 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C10H11NO | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C10H11NO}}
The molecular formula C10H11NO (molar mass: 161.20 g/mol, exact mass: 161.084064 u) may refer to:
Tryptophol
Abikoviromycin
Molecular formulas | C10H11NO | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 61 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
32,452,192 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen%20astatide | Hydrogen astatide, also known as astatine hydride, astatane, astatidohydrogen or hydroastatic acid, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula HAt, consisting of an astatine atom covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom. It thus is a hydrogen halide.
This chemical compound can dissolve in water to form hydroastatic ... | Hydrogen astatide | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 429 | [
"Acids",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Mineral acids",
"Molecules",
"Diatomic molecules",
"Matter"
] |
32,452,904 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schultze%20reagent | Schultze reagent (also known as Chlor-Zinc-Iodine Solution) is an oxidizing mixture consisting of a saturated aqueous solution of potassium chlorate KClO3 and varying amounts of concentrated nitric acid HNO3. It is commonly used in palynologic macerations. It was invented by Max Schultze. It is used to determine whethe... | Schultze reagent | [
"Chemistry"
] | 110 | [
"Oxidizing mixtures",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Oxidizing agents",
"Inorganic compound stubs"
] |
36,635,165 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical%20acoustics | Physical acoustics is the area of acoustics and physics that studies interactions of acoustic waves with a gaseous, liquid or solid medium on macro- and micro-levels. This relates to the interaction of sound with thermal waves in crystals (phonons), with light (photons), with electrons in metals and semiconductors (ac... | Physical acoustics | [
"Physics"
] | 347 | [
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics"
] |
36,638,816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian%20eternity%20sign | The Armenian eternity sign (⟨֎ ֍⟩, ) or Arevakhach (, "Sun Cross") is an ancient Armenian national symbol and a symbol of the national identity of the Armenian people. It is one of the most common symbols in Armenian architecture, carved on khachkars and on walls of churches.
Evolution and use
In medieval Armenian c... | Armenian eternity sign | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 652 | [
"Mathematical objects",
"Infinity",
"Symmetry",
"Rotational symmetry"
] |
36,639,312 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deal.II | deal.II is a free, open-source library to solve partial differential equations using the finite element method. The current release is version 9.6, released in August 2024. The founding authors of the project — Wolfgang Bangerth, Ralf Hartmann, and Guido Kanschat — won the 2007 J. H. Wilkinson Prize for Numerical Soft... | Deal.II | [
"Mathematics"
] | 460 | [
"Differential calculus",
"Calculus"
] |
36,643,448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equidissection | In geometry, an equidissection is a partition of a polygon into triangles of equal area. The study of equidissections began in the late 1960s with Monsky's theorem, which states that a square cannot be equidissected into an odd number of triangles. In fact, most polygons cannot be equidissected at all.
Much of the li... | Equidissection | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,987 | [
"Discrete geometry",
"Discrete mathematics"
] |
36,643,525 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian%20Synchrotron%20Radiation%20Facility | The Canadian Synchrotron Radiation Facility (CSRF) () was Canada's national synchrotron facility from 1983 to 2005. Eventually consisting of three beamlines at the Synchrotron Radiation Center at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, US, it served the Canadian synchrotron community until the opening of the Canadian Ligh... | Canadian Synchrotron Radiation Facility | [
"Materials_science"
] | 1,614 | [
"Materials testing",
"Synchrotron radiation facilities"
] |
60,100,177 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloropolymer | Chloropolymers are macromolecules synthesized from alkenes in which one or more hydrogens of the polymer were replaced by chlorine. A common example of a chloropolymer is polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and poly(dichlorophosphazene) which has a polymer formula of (PNCl2)n, the precursor of which is hexachlorophosphazene, whic... | Chloropolymer | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 116 | [
"Polymers",
"Materials science",
"Polymer chemistry"
] |
60,102,094 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BLESS | BLESS, also known as breaks labeling, enrichment on streptavidin and next-generation sequencing, is a method used to detect genome-wide double-strand DNA damage. In contrast to chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-based methods of identifying DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by labeling DNA repair proteins, BLESS utiliz... | BLESS | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,973 | [
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"DNA repair",
"Molecular biology"
] |
57,152,266 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclassical%20transport | In plasma physics and magnetic confinement fusion, neoclassical transport or neoclassical diffusion is a theoretical description of collisional transport in toroidal plasmas, usually found in tokamaks or stellarators. It is a modification of classical diffusion adding in effects of non-uniform magnetic fields due to th... | Neoclassical transport | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 995 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Diffusion",
"Plasma physics",
"Chemical engineering",
"Fusion power",
"Nuclear fusion"
] |
57,159,396 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teck%20cable | Teck cable is a type of low voltage armoured cable named for the location where it was first developed and used, Teck Township, now known as Kirkland Lake, Ontario. The mining operations such as those conducted by Teck-Hughes Gold Mining Ltd. required a durable cable to power equipment and withstand the demanding condi... | Teck cable | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 381 | [
"Electrical systems",
"Building engineering",
"Physical systems",
"Electrical engineering",
"Electrical wiring"
] |
57,159,859 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracton%20%28subdimensional%20particle%29 | A fracton is an emergent topological quasiparticle excitation which is immobile when in isolation. Many theoretical systems have been proposed in which fractons exist as elementary excitations. Such systems are known as fracton models. Fractons have been identified in various CSS codes as well as in symmetric tensor g... | Fracton (subdimensional particle) | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 4,624 | [
"Quasiparticles",
"Subatomic particles",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Matter"
] |
34,045,827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20J.%20Cerf | Nicolas Jean Cerf (born 1965) is a Belgian physicist. He is professor of quantum mechanics and information theory at the Université Libre de Bruxelles and a member of the Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium. He received his Ph.D. at the Université Libre de Bruxelles in 1993, and was a researcher at the ... | Nicolas J. Cerf | [
"Physics"
] | 333 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Theoretical physicists"
] |
34,049,390 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial-wave%20analysis | Partial-wave analysis, in the context of quantum mechanics, refers to a technique for solving scattering problems by decomposing each wave into its constituent angular-momentum components and solving using boundary conditions.
Preliminary scattering theory
The following description follows the canonical way of introd... | Partial-wave analysis | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 886 | [
"Scattering theory",
"Theoretical physics",
"Scattering stubs",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Scattering",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
34,049,829 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplicial%20honeycomb | In geometry, the simplicial honeycomb (or -simplex honeycomb) is a dimensional infinite series of honeycombs, based on the affine Coxeter group symmetry. It is represented by a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram as a cyclic graph of nodes with one node ringed. It is composed of -simplex facets, along with all rectified -simplice... | Simplicial honeycomb | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 831 | [
"Uniform polytopes",
"Honeycombs (geometry)",
"Tessellation",
"Crystallography",
"Symmetry"
] |
34,051,196 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic%20photorefractive%20materials | Organic photorefractive materials are materials that exhibit a temporary change in refractive index when exposed to light. The changing refractive index causes light to change speed throughout the material and produce light and dark regions in the crystal. The buildup can be controlled to produce holographic images for... | Organic photorefractive materials | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,735 | [
"Semiconductor material types",
"Semiconductor materials",
"Molecular electronics",
"Organic semiconductors"
] |
34,052,082 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAPIEnet | RAPIEnet (Real-time Automation Protocols for Industrial Ethernet) was Korea's first Ethernet international standard for real-time data transmission. It is an Ethernet-based industrial networking protocol, developed in-house by LSIS offers real-time transmission and is registered as an international standard. (IEC 61158... | RAPIEnet | [
"Engineering"
] | 662 | [
"Industrial Ethernet"
] |
34,052,377 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclotruncated%20simplicial%20honeycomb | In geometry, the cyclotruncated simplicial honeycomb (or cyclotruncated n-simplex honeycomb) is a dimensional infinite series of honeycombs, based on the symmetry of the affine Coxeter group. It is given a Schläfli symbol t0,1{3[n+1]}, and is represented by a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram as a cyclic graph of n+1 nodes with ... | Cyclotruncated simplicial honeycomb | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 773 | [
"Honeycombs (geometry)",
"Truncated tilings",
"Tessellation",
"Crystallography",
"Symmetry"
] |
39,510,164 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutagenesis%20%28molecular%20biology%20technique%29 | In molecular biology, mutagenesis is an important laboratory technique whereby DNA mutations are deliberately engineered to produce libraries of mutant genes, proteins, strains of bacteria, or other genetically modified organisms. The various constituents of a gene, as well as its regulatory elements and its gene produ... | Mutagenesis (molecular biology technique) | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 2,203 | [
"Molecular biology techniques",
"Genetic engineering",
"Genetically modified organisms",
"Molecular biology"
] |
39,516,039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StockTwits | Stocktwits is a social media platform designed for sharing ideas between investors, traders, and entrepreneurs. Founded in 2008 by Howard Lindzon and Soren McBeth, it introduced the use of the cashtag, a way to group discussions around a stock symbol preceded by a dollar sign. Stocktwits eventually became a standalone... | StockTwits | [
"Technology"
] | 1,761 | [
"Real-time web",
"Real-time computing"
] |
39,516,536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ton-force | A ton-force is one of various units of force defined as the weight of one ton due to standard gravity. The precise definition depends on the definition of ton used.
Tonne-force
The tonne-force (tf or tf) is equal to the weight of one tonne.
{|
|-
|rowspan=6 width=120 valign=top|one tonne-force
|= kilograms-force (kg... | Ton-force | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 292 | [
"Force",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Units of force",
"Units of measurement"
] |
39,516,879 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SiC%E2%80%93SiC%20matrix%20composite | SiC–SiC matrix composite is a particular type of ceramic matrix composite (CMC) which have been accumulating interest mainly as high temperature materials for use in applications such as gas turbines, as an alternative to metallic alloys. CMCs are generally a system of materials that are made up of ceramic fibers or pa... | SiC–SiC matrix composite | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,182 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Turbomachinery",
"Composite materials",
"Materials science",
"Turbines",
"Materials",
"Ceramic materials",
"nan",
"Ceramic engineering",
"Matter"
] |
43,696,853 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical%20load | Mechanical load is the physical stress on a mechanical system or component leading to strain. Loads can be static or dynamic. Some loads are specified as part of the design criteria of a mechanical system. Depending on the usage, some mechanical loads can be measured by an appropriate test method in a laboratory or i... | Mechanical load | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 265 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Physical phenomena",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Structural analysis",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Physical properties"
] |
43,699,175 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-front%20quantization%20applications | The light-front quantization of quantum field theories provides a useful alternative to ordinary equal-time quantization. In particular, it can lead to a relativistic description of bound systems in terms of quantum-mechanical wave functions. The quantization is based on the choice of light-front coordinates, where pl... | Light-front quantization applications | [
"Physics"
] | 5,847 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
43,700,988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldo%20converter | A Kaldo converter (using the Kaldo process or Stora-Kaldo process) is a rotary vessel oxygen based metal refining method. Originally applied to the refining of iron into steel, with most installations in the 1960s, the process is (2014) used primarily to refine non ferrous metals, typically copper. In that field, it is... | Kaldo converter | [
"Chemistry"
] | 989 | [
"Copper processes",
"Metallurgical processes",
"Steelmaking",
"Smelting"
] |
53,774,381 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remnant%20cholesterol | Remnant cholesterol, also known as remnant lipoprotein and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol is an atherogenic lipoprotein composed primarily of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) with chylomicron remnants. Elevated remnant cholesterol is associated with increased ris... | Remnant cholesterol | [
"Chemistry"
] | 489 | [
"Lipid biochemistry",
"Lipoproteins"
] |
53,776,011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaisa%20Matom%C3%A4ki | Kaisa Sofia Matomäki (born April 30, 1985) is a Finnish mathematician specializing in number theory. Since April 2023, she is a full professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. Her research includes results on the distribution of multiplicative functions over short in... | Kaisa Matomäki | [
"Mathematics"
] | 856 | [
"Number theorists",
"Number theory"
] |
50,935,039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Width%20across%20flats | Width across flats is the distance between two parallel surfaces on the head of a screw, bolt or nut.
The width across flats will define the size of the spanner or wrench needed.
Spanner size
The width across flats indicates the nominal "size" of the spanner. The size is imprinted on the spanners in millimeter values... | Width across flats | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 407 | [
"Quantity",
"Physical quantities",
"Measurement",
"Size"
] |
50,937,470 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eosinophilic%20myocarditis | Eosinophilic myocarditis is inflammation in the heart muscle that is caused by the infiltration and destructive activity of a type of white blood cell, the eosinophil. Typically, the disorder is associated with hypereosinophilia, i.e. an eosinophil blood cell count greater than 1,500 per microliter (normal 100 to 400 p... | Eosinophilic myocarditis | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 4,815 | [
"Drug-induced diseases",
"Parasitism",
"Symbiosis",
"Drug safety"
] |
50,937,678 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary%20of%20electrical%20and%20electronics%20engineering | This glossary of electrical and electronics engineering is a list of definitions of terms and concepts related specifically to electrical engineering and electronics engineering. For terms related to engineering in general, see Glossary of engineering.
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
... | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 112 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Electronic engineering",
"Electrical-engineering-related lists",
"Computer engineering"
] |
50,943,589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayer%27s%20relation | In the 19th century, German chemist and physicist Julius von Mayer derived a relation between the molar heat capacity at constant pressure and the molar heat capacity at constant volume for an ideal gas. Mayer's relation states that
where is the molar heat at constant pressure, is the molar heat at constant volume a... | Mayer's relation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 324 | [
"Thermodynamic equations",
"Equations of physics",
"Thermodynamics"
] |
50,946,947 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20law%20of%20thermodynamics%20%28fluid%20mechanics%29 | In physics, the first law of thermodynamics is an expression of the conservation of total energy of a system. The increase of the energy of a system is equal to the sum of work done on the system and the heat added to that system:
where
is the total energy of a system.
is the work done on it.
is the heat added t... | First law of thermodynamics (fluid mechanics) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 527 | [
"Civil engineering",
"Fluid mechanics",
"Thermodynamics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
45,552,819 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nano%20differential%20scanning%20fluorimetry | NanoDSF is a type of differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) method used to determine conformational protein stability by employing intrinsic tryptophan or tyrosine fluorescence, as opposed to the use of extrinsic fluorogenic dyes that are typically monitored via a qPCR instrument. A nanoDSF assay is also known as a ty... | Nano differential scanning fluorimetry | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 580 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Protein methods",
"Protein biochemistry",
"Biophysics",
"nan",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
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