id stringlengths 9 18 | question stringlengths 4 4.81k | choices listlengths 2 13 | full_answer stringlengths 4 180 | dataset stringclasses 5 values |
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mmlu_train_58519 | A new study says electronic toys are not helping babies learn. "Even if companies are marketing them as educational, they're not teaching the babies anything at this time," said Anna Sosa the study's author. Researchers listened to audio recordings of parents playing with their babies aged 10 months to 16 months. The researchers compared the experiences when the children played with electronic toys, traditional toys such as blocks, or when the children looked at books. What they found is that parents talked less with their babies when the babies played with electronic toys. Why is this important? Research shows that how quickly children develop language is often based on what they hear from parents. When the infants played with electronic toys, parents said little to their children. But with traditional toys, such as blocks, parents shared the names and descriptions of the animals, colors and shapes as their children played. There was even more information given by parents as their babies looked at the pictures in books. Of course, there is no need for parents to throw out electronic toys, but they should look at their infants' play with such toys as entertainment, not a learning experience. Toy Industry Association spokeswoman Adrienne Appell responded to the study. She said it is important that parents make time to play with their children. "Playing is a way that kids can learn so much, not only cognitive skills, but social and developmental skills," she said. She added that play should be balanced, including time for just "make believe" activities, as well as traditional and electronic toys. Children develop language more quickly when their parents _ . | [
"buy them a lot of toys",
"teach them how to speak",
"read them picture books often",
"throw away their electronic toys"
] | C. read them picture books often | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_43662 | Most of the time, the ground feels solid beneath our feet. That's comforting. But it's also misleading because there's actually a lot going on underground. Masses of land (called plates) slip, slide, and bump against each other, slowly changing the shape of continents and oceans over millions and billions of years. Scientists know that Earth formed about 4. 5 billion years ago. They also know that our planet was hot at first. As it cooled, its outermost layer, called the crust , eventually formed moving plates. Exactly when this shift happened, however, is an open question. Now, an international group of researchers has an answer. They've found new evidence suggesting that Earth's crust started shifting at least 3.8 billion years ago. The new estimate is l. 3 billion years earlier than previous ones. Not long before 3. 8 billion years ago, lots of small planets were hitting Earth, keeping its crust in a hot, melting state. After the hard crust formed, much of it sank at various times into the planet's hot insides. There, it melted before returning to the surface. In some places, however, the crust never sank. One of the oldest such places is in Greenland, in an area called the Isua supracrustal belt. The rocky crust there is between 3. 7 and 3. 8 billion years old. The belt was once part of the seafloor, but now it is exposed to air. The researchers recently took a close look at the Isua supracrustal belt. They noticed long, parallel cracks in the rock that have been filled in with a type of volcanic rock. To explain this structure, the scientists propose that tension in the crust caused the seafloor to crack open long ago. Hot, liquid rock oozed from deep inside Earth to fill the cracks. Finally, the whole area cooled, forming what we see today. That explanation, plus chemical clues inside the rock, suggests that the Isua supracrustal belt was once part of plate under the ocean, beginning around 3.8 billion years ago. "It's a fantastic case of solving a jigsaw puzzle ,"says one of the researchers. He notes that the puzzle was "a very difficult one because these rocks are all very old and have been badly ruined". The text is mainly about _ . | [
"why the Earth cooled",
"how the Isua supracrustal belt formed",
"whether the ground beneath our feet is still",
"when Earth's crust began shifting"
] | D. when Earth's crust began shifting | mmlu_train |
aquarat_4629 | Jones covered a distance of 50 miles on his first trip. On a later trip he traveled 300 miles while going three times as fast. Find out his new time compared with the old time. | [
"twice as much",
"three times as much",
"the same",
"half as much",
"a third as much"
] | A. twice as much | aquarat |
mmlu_train_28401 | An allergy is a strong reaction to a substance. Many things can cause allergies. The most common cause is pollen , which is usually produced by trees in the spring, grasses in the summer and weeds in the fall, as part of their reproductive process. Other causes include organisms, chemicals, plants and dead skin particles from dogs and cats can also cause allergic reactions. So can insect stings and some food. The most common kind of allergic reactions is itchy , watery eyes and a blocked or watery nose. Allergies can also cause red, itchy skin. Some reactions can be life-threatening, for example, when breathing passages become blocked. It is not always easy to avoid allergies. Drugs may offer an effective treatment. Another treatment used in some cases is called immunotherapy. A patient is injected with small amounts of the allergy-causing substance. The idea is that larger and larger amounts are given over time until the patient develops resistance in his body. In the United States, experts estimate that up to 8% of young children have food allergies. Every year these allergies cause about 30,000 cases with severe reactions that require immediate treatment. It can result in breathing trouble and in some cases death. It is said that about 100 to 200 people will die. It is said that most of the reactions are caused by peanuts and tree nuts like walnuts. People can also be allergic to medicines. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology says about 10% of bad reactions to commonly used medicines are allergic. In other words, a person's immune system overreacts and produces an allergic reaction. The most common reactions include skin rashes, itching, breathing problems and swelling in areas such as the face. According to immunotherapy, the patient is supposed to _ . | [
"take some medicines to produce antibodies",
"have immediate operations",
"be given the allergy-causing substance until the patient develops resistance",
"be exposed to enough allergy-causing substances"
] | C. be given the allergy-causing substance until the patient develops resistance | mmlu_train |
aquarat_52303 | In how many ways can a group of 5 men and 2 women be made out of a total of 7 men and 3 women? | [
"63",
"25",
"40",
"65",
"98"
] | A. 63 | aquarat |
arc_challenge_352 | The gravitational force of the Sun affects the planets in our solar system. Which of these is influenced the most by this force? | [
"axial tilt",
"orbital path",
"the masses of the planets",
"the number of moons per planet"
] | B. orbital path | arc_challenge |
arc_easy_1227 | How would a drought most likely affect the plants of a grassy plain? | [
"There would be shorter plants.",
"They would have thicker stems.",
"There would be a greater variety.",
"They would have brighter flowers."
] | A. There would be shorter plants. | arc_easy |
aquarat_5752 | The consumption of diesel per hour of a bus varies directly as square of its speed. When the bus is travelling at 50 kmph its consumption is 1 litre per hour. if each litre costs $50 and other expenses per hous is $ 50, then what would be the minimum expenditure required to cover a distance of 500 Km? | [
"800",
"950",
"900",
"1000",
"1250"
] | D. 1000 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_33962 | Whether you're taking a trip alone or with your family, it's easier to get sick when you're in a new place because your body hasn't had a chance to _ to the food, water, and air in a new environment. Read the following tips on keeping your travel experience as healthy as possible. Safe foods and drinks What foods are safe to eat? Foods that have been boiled are generally safe, as well as fruits and vegetables that have to be peeled before eating. Avoid eating uncooked or undercooked meat. Stay away from foods that require a lot of handling before serving. Drink only bottled water when traveling. If you have to use the tap water, you should boil it first. You can take it with you When you're packing, taking some painkiller and diarrhea medicine is a good idea. It's also a good idea to pack some allergy medicine even if you don't take it at home, because people sometimes unexpectedly develop allergic reactions in a new environment. Write it all down Before you leave your sweet home, create a medical history form that includes the following information: your name, address, and home phone number as well as a parent's daytime phone number your blood type a list of any ongoing health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes, or AIDS a list of current medicines you are taking a list of allergies to medicine, food, insects, and animals the name, address, and phone number of a relative other than your parent It also helps if you have some basic emergency medical knowledge, not only for yourself but also for helping others you may be traveling with. A great way to prepare for your trip is to take a first-aid or basic life support course before you go; if you're traveling with a group, you should know where the first-aid kit is and what's in it. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage? | [
"Taking a first-aid course.",
"Writing down your blood type.",
"Taking some necessary medicine.",
"Telling your parents' your plan."
] | D. Telling your parents' your plan. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_45757 | Charlie's lawn service fills up all their gas cans every Friday at Zeb's store. They have to get enough gas for 10 lawn mowers and 10 weed-eaters. The weed-eaters use 5 liters of gas each. The mowers us 60% more than the weedeaters.
Zeb charges .75 cents service per item. Fuel is .40 cents per liter. How much will it cost to fill all mowers and weed-eaters? | [
"$77",
"$60",
"$67",
"$62",
"$55"
] | C. $67 | aquarat |
arc_challenge_776 | Which human activity often has a harmful effect on the environment? | [
"recycling paper and plastic",
"riding a bicycle to school",
"helping seeds to germinate",
"throwing garbage into a stream"
] | D. throwing garbage into a stream | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_99702 | If a thistle is going to expand, it requires | [
"hay",
"nutriment",
"cattle",
"seashells"
] | B. nutriment | mmlu_train |
aquarat_20534 | It takes 30 days to fill a laboratory dish with bacteria. If the size of the bacteria doubles each day, how long did it take for the bacteria to fill 1/32 of the dish? | [
"25",
"26",
"27",
"28",
"29"
] | A. 25 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_78230 | Hello, my first name is Jenny and my family name is Brown. I am a girl. I am 11. My telephone number is 025-7658. I have two friends. One is a boy. His name is Mike Green. He is 10. His telephone number is 636-7654. Linda Smith is my friend, too. She is 9. Her telephone number is 356-7890. ,. What's Mike's family name? | [
"Brown",
"Green",
"Smith",
"Hand"
] | B. Green | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_94978 | What is an example of the fact that a thing is dead once it dies after having previously lived? | [
"a small squirrel falls from a tree and breaks its leg",
"a panda stops eating and falls into a coma",
"a dog is paralyzed and is unable to move",
"a vibrant cat is deceased after being hit by a car"
] | D. a vibrant cat is deceased after being hit by a car | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_63462 | If you have ever been left wondering why your emails are riddled with grammatical errors, or why you can never quite find the right phrase, it may be because you are typing with both hands. Our vocabulary becomes richer and our writing style becomes more fluent when we type using just one hand, scientists have found. "Typing can be too fluent or too fast, and _ can actually weaken the writing process," said Srdan Medimorec, the lead author of the study conducted at the department of psychology at the University of Waterloo, Canada. "It seems that what we write is a product of the interaction between our thoughts and the tools we use to express them." Using text-analysis software, researchers asked 103 university students to write essays under different conditions, using one hand to type and using both hands to type. The software was used to analyze elements of the essays, such as range of vocabulary, sentence complexity and the cohesion of the writing. Researchers found that participants' vocabulary became more advanced when they typed with one hand rather than two. The research team said that by slowing our writing down, typing one-handed allows more time for an internal word search, resulting in a larger variety of words. In contrast, fast typists might just write the first word that comes to mind. However, it is important not to slow typing down too much. Those who typed essays one-handed in the current study slowed down to about the speed of handwriting. This is the first study to show that changing people's typing can make their writing get better. The researchers suggested that the speed of writing could affect writing quality regardless of the tools used, whether they are computers, or pen and paper, although further research would be required to prove that idea. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? | [
"The study was carried out in 103 universities.",
"The researchers drew the conclusion by interviewing students about their feelings in the writing process.",
"The typing speed should be as slow as possible.",
"There is no previous study related to the topic before."
] | D. There is no previous study related to the topic before. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_16954 | When I first got an e-mail account ten years ago, I received communications only from family, friends, and colleagues. Now it seems that every time I check my e-mail,I have an endless series of advertisements and other _ that do not interest me at all. If we want e-mail to continue to be useful, we need specific laws that make spamming a crime. If lawmakers do not do something soon to prohibit spam, the problem will certainly get much worse. Computer programs allow spammers to send hundreds of millions of e-mails almost instantly. As more and more advertisers turn to spam to sell their products,individual e-mail boxes are often flooded with spam e-mails. Would people continue to use e-mail if they had to deal with an annoying amount of spam each time? This problem is troubling individuals and companies as well. Many spam e-mails contain computer viruses that can shut down the entire network of a company. Companies rely on e-mail for their employees to communicate with each other. Spam frequently causes failures in their local communications networks, and their employees are thus unable to communicate effectively. Such a situation results in a loss of productivity and requires companies to repeatedly repair their networks. These computer problems raise production costs of companies, which are, in the end, passed on to the consumer. For these reasons, I believe that lawmakers need to legislate against spare. Spammers should be fined, and perhaps sent to prison if they continue to disturb people. E-mail is a tool which helps people all over the world to communicate conveniently, but spam is destroying this convenience. According to the text, what is the major cause of the flooding spam? | [
"Companies rely on e-mail for communications.",
"More people in the world communicate by e-mail.",
"Many computer viruses contain spam e-mail.",
"More advertisers begin to promote sales through spam."
] | D. More advertisers begin to promote sales through spam. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_10363 | If we have 9 people in a meeting, in how many ways they can sit around a table? | [
"10*9!",
"9*8!",
"8*7!",
"7*6!",
"6*5!"
] | C. 8*7! | aquarat |
aquarat_16352 | A bat is bought for Rs.400 and sold at a gain of 40% find its selling price | [
"A) Rs.560/-",
"B) Rs.470/-",
"C) Rs.480/-",
"D) Rs.500/-",
"E) Rs.520/-"
] | A. A) Rs.560/- | aquarat |
arc_challenge_48 | In living things, smaller substances are linked to make up larger substances. Which of the following correctly describes a larger substance made by linking smaller substances? | [
"Nucleotides are linked to make up DNA.",
"Amino acids are linked to make up DNA.",
"Proteins are linked to make up nucleotides.",
"Nucleic acids are linked to make up proteins."
] | A. Nucleotides are linked to make up DNA. | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_22890 | Americans love peanut butter. The average child will eat 1,500 peanut butter before he or she graduates high school. But there is a controversy over a new peanut butter. It is called STEEM Peanut Butter. This peanut butter adds a new ingredient: caffeine . Coffee is a popular morning drink because it has caffeine and gives people energy in the morning. Even small amounts of caffeine can be dangerous to children. United States Senator Charles Schumer says."Peanut butter, one of the snacks most closely connected with children, might have to be stored in the medicine cupboard rather than in the kitchen cupboard. This will shock the Food and Drug Administration." Schumer wants the U.S. FDA to investigate. He observed that earlier the FDA prevented plans for a caffeinated chewing gum. STEEM, the manufacturer, said, "We are selling the caffeinated peanut butter all over the world. The product provides caffeine in an easily digestible way. Caffeinated foods have been sold in U.S. stores for well over a decade and are in no way a new idea. Customers tell us they want to eat the caffeinated peanut butter so they don't have to drink as much coffee or energy drinks. The peanut butter is not intended for children." "Peanut butter has been a favorite of children for generations," Schumer continued: "Parents across the country have to worry about a scene in which their child might unknowingly bite into a peanut butter that contains more caffeine than two cups of coffee." The American Academy of Pediatrics says caffeine in small amounts can help the physical performance of adults. But the academy urges parents not to allow children to take even small amounts of caffeine owing to caffeine's possible negative effects on a child's heart and brain development. We can guess from the text that the responsibility of the Food and Drug Administration is to _ . | [
"introduce new foods and drugs",
"promote the sales of foods and drugs",
"guarantee the safety of foods and drugs",
"improve the physical performance of adults"
] | C. guarantee the safety of foods and drugs | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_82716 | If you look at the sky one night and see something moving and shining that you have never seen before, it might be a comet . A comet sometimes looks like a star. Like a planet, a comet has no light of its own. It shines from the sunlight it reflects . Like the earth a comet goes around the sun, but on a much longer path than the earth travels. If a comet isn't a star, what is it then? Some scientists think that a large part of a comet is water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with iron and rock dust and perhaps a few big pieces of rock. When sunshine melts the ice in the comet, great clouds of gas go trailing after it. These clouds, together with the dust, form a long tail. Many people have seen a comet. However, no one knows how many comets there are. There may be millions of comets, but only a few come close enough for us to see. An Englishman named Edmund Halley, who lived from 1656 to 1742, found out a lot about the paths that comets take through the sky. Some comets move out of our sight and never come back. Others keep coming back at regular times. A big comet that keeps coming back was named after Halley comet, because the last time it came close to the sun and the earth was in the year 1986. Then people all over the world were outside at night to look at it. You will probably be able to see Halley's comet when it comes near the earth again. ,A, B, C, D,. A comet is like. | [
"the sun",
"the moon",
"sunlight",
"the earth"
] | D. the earth | mmlu_train |
aquarat_32329 | A train 360 m long is running at a speed of 45 km/hr. In what time will it pass a bridge 240 m long? | [
"40 sec",
"42 sec",
"45 sec",
"48 sec",
"50 sec"
] | D. 48 sec | aquarat |
mmlu_train_35757 | On October 12, 1987, some Chinese scientists were working at the computers to look for information they needed. Suddenly they saw a lot of very bright spots( )crossing the computers' screens. At the same time the computers were working much slower. To find out what was happening they stopped their work to check some parts of the computers. To their horror , they found out that most of their stored information was got rid of( ) by computer viruses! Obviously all these computers had been infected( ) by computer viruses. It is said that the computer viruses were made by a group of young man fond of playing tricks. They all had excellent education. They created the viruses just to show their intelligence. These kinds of computer viruses are named Jerusalem( )Viruses. These viruses can stay in computers for a long time. When the time comes they will attack the computers by lowering the function , damaging their normal programs or even getting rid of all the information. We now come to know that Jerusalem Viruses often attack computers on Fridays and that they are spreading to a list of computers. Among the countries that suffering computer viruses are Britain, Australia, Switzerland and the U.S. But till now, how to get rid of the terrible remains a problem. According to the passage, which of the following is true? | [
"Four countries found their computers were infected by viruses.",
"The viruses will come to a new computer after staying in the old one for some time",
"The Jerusalem Viruses are a great harm to human health.",
"Scientists are trying to find a way to get rid of the viruses"
] | D. Scientists are trying to find a way to get rid of the viruses | mmlu_train |
aquarat_53864 | emblem is coded as 216;
crude is coded as 125
bump will be ? | [
"86",
"72",
"64",
"32",
"44"
] | C. 64 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_2333 | While on a field trip to NASA, Felicia saw a short film on materials that make up nebulae. Which topic was most likely presented in the film? | [
"asteroid development",
"stellar formation",
"planetary orbits",
"galaxy shapes"
] | B. stellar formation | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_96389 | If it's been twelve weeks since you put on shorts, and you notice today the hours of light and dark are just about equal, how long will it be until Winter? | [
"just over a year",
"around thirteen weeks or so",
"when G.R.R. Martin says it's here",
"when the groundhog sees its shadow"
] | B. around thirteen weeks or so | mmlu_train |
aquarat_44949 | In a particular 100 meter race, 8 athletes are participating that are numbered 1-8. In how many ways can athlete #4 finish ahead of #2 provided there's no tie among the athletes? | [
"14,540",
"16,580",
"18,920",
"20,160",
"24,320"
] | D. 20,160 | aquarat |
aquarat_49191 | The average weight of a group of persons increased from 48 kg to 51 kg, when two persons weighing 78 kg and 93 kg join the group. Find the initial number of members in the group? | [
"34",
"21",
"23",
"25",
"29"
] | C. 23 | aquarat |
arc_challenge_1072 | In a tropical rainforest, the difference between daytime and nighttime temperatures is relatively small. In the desert, the difference between daytime and nighttime temperatures is very large. Which factor contributes to the lower variation in rainforest temperatures? | [
"Foliage in the rainforest reflects heat.",
"Organisms in the rainforest absorb moisture.",
"Solar radiation in the rainforest is less intense.",
"Cloud cover in the rainforest helps to retain heat."
] | D. Cloud cover in the rainforest helps to retain heat. | arc_challenge |
aquarat_5529 | A 270-metre-long train running at the speed of 120 kmph crosses another train running in opposite direction at the speed of 80 kmph in 9 secs. What is the length of the other train? | [
"240 metres",
"320 metres",
"260 metres",
"230 metres",
"None of these"
] | D. 230 metres | aquarat |
aquarat_22501 | Sushil got thrice as many marks in English as in Science. His total marks in English, Science and Maths are 162. If the ratio of his marks in English and Maths is 3:5, find his marks in Science? | [
"18",
"66",
"77",
"55",
"34"
] | A. 18 | aquarat |
arc_easy_1859 | Which of these structures produces male gametes in humans? | [
"testes",
"ovaries",
"scrotum",
"fallopian tube"
] | A. testes | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_88180 | "Tom? Are you in bed yet?" called Mrs.White. There was no answer. Mrs. White put down her book and went to her 14-year-old son's room. Tom was sitting in front of a bright computer screen on which a motorbike was running fast. "Oh, Tom. You're still playing on that computer game. You must stop now, it's half past eleven. If you don't go to bed soon, you'll be very tired tomorrow, " said Mrs. White."But I've nearly won the game, " Tom said to Mrs. White. She could see the excitement on his face. She sat down beside him."You're always playing on the computer. You spend more time on this machine than on your homework. " Today more and more families have computers. Parents hope computers can help their children improve their study at school. But many of their children use computers to play games and watch videos instead of studying. We often see that computer net bars are crowded with people, especially young boys. They spend a lot of money competing with the computerized machines. The more they lose, the more they want to win. The result is that they don't want to work or study. In some countries, even scientists hate computers. They say computers cause millions of people to lose their jobs or cause them a lot of trouble. Computer game addiction is a serious problem in social life. Something has to be done to solve the problem. Parents hope computers can _ . | [
"help their children improve their study at school",
"help their children play well",
"help their children know a lot of Internet knowledge",
"help their children relax themselves"
] | A. help their children improve their study at school | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_48468 | Today, paper-making is a big business. But it is still possible to make paper by hand, since the steps are the same as using big machines. You should use paper with small amounts of printing. Old envelopes are good for this reason. Colored paper also can be used, as well as small amounts of newspaper. Small pieces of rags or cloth can be added. These should be cut into pieces about five centimeters by five centimeters. Everything is placed in a container, covered with water and brought to a boil. It is mixed for about two hours with some common chemicals and then allowed to cool. Then it is left until most of the water dries up. The substance left, called pulp , can be stored until you are ready to make paper. When you are ready, the pulp is mixed with water again. Then the pulp is poured into a mold. The mold is made of small squares of wire that hold the shape and thickness of the paper. To help dry the paper, the mold lets the water flow through the small wire squares. After several more drying steps, the paper is carefully lifted back from the mold. It is now strong enough to be touched. The paper is smoothed and pressed to remove trapped air. You can use a common electric iron used for pressing clothes. Whether the paper is strong enough to be touched is determined by _ . | [
"how long the pulp is stored",
"how thick the paper is",
"how much water remains",
"what type of chemicals are used"
] | C. how much water remains | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_98423 | scientists make observations and cats | [
"regurgitate their cleanings",
"never sleep",
"fly",
"cook spaghetti"
] | A. regurgitate their cleanings | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_24109 | BEIJING - A research team led by Chinese scientists have discovered dietary modulation of gut microbiota can alleviate both genetic and simple obesity in children. The findings of the team, led by Zhao Liping with Shanghai Jiaotong University, Yin Aihua with the Guangdong province children's hospital, and Tang Huiru with Chinese Academy of Sciences, have been published on EBioMedicine, a renowned medical journal co-sponsored by Cell and The Lancet in July. The team identified bacterial genomes specifically for producing obesity-related metabolites , and said an improved gut microbiota can significantly help to treat genetic obesity such as Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS). Beginning in childhood, PWS affected kids develop an insatiable appetite, leading to chronic overeating and obesity. The scientists used a diet therapy with beneficial gut bacteria on trial patients and found considerable _ appetite, weight loss and improved health conditions on the patients. The paper concluded dysbiosis of gut microbiota is highly related with both genetic and simple obesity in children, implicating dietary modulation of gut microbiota a potentially effective treatment method. Which might be the best title for the passage? | [
"Chinese scientists discover treatment to child obesity.",
"The reasons for genetic obesity in children has been found.",
"Obesity-related research has been done by Chinese scientists.",
"An effective treatment to obesity has been found."
] | A. Chinese scientists discover treatment to child obesity. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_1276 | The editor of an anthology of short stories will select authors from a pool of 12 authors, of which 5 are female. If the anthology is to include the work of 7 authors of which at least 2 are female, in how many ways can the editor select the authors? | [
"734",
"745",
"756",
"767",
"778"
] | C. 756 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_69871 | Lidong came on November 8 this year. It is the Chinese word for one of the 24 solar terms . It means the beginning of winter. As the weather gets colder and there is less sunlight, people are more likely to get sick. Adults in the US usually have two to four colds each year. Young children suffer from six to eight colds per year, especially in winter months, according to the American Lung Association. One of the best ways to keep healthy during winter is to stay warm. There are many ways to stay warm. A living room should be around 18-21 C, and you can also use a hot water bottle or at least 16 C. blanket to keep warm while in bed. Getting plenty of exercise is always a good idea. Take a walk on a sunny afternoon, do a long distance run or skip rope. These things keep your blood moving and your metabolism fired up. Food gives us energy and helps to warm us from the inside. High-protein foods, like fish and meat, provide a lot of energy. Add some things to your winter dishes, such as ginger, pepper and garlic. These things can make you warm. A winter coat warms you up from the outside. Add several layers of thin clothing, for example, a shirt and a thin sweater, to stay even warmer. Clothes made from wool are usually very warm. How to make winter days colorful? Is it too cold to play outside? Don't worry. Here are some tips for having fun at home. Give it a try! # Enjoy a movie with your parents. There are a lot of choices, such as Spy Kids. You can also talk about the movie with your parents after it's over. # Cook a meal with your parents. You can cook some simple dishes, such as scrambled eggs with tomato. You may need your mother's help for the first time. # Clean your bedroom. You need to sweep the floor, tidy your desk and make your bed. By doing this, you really help your mother a lot. # Read your favorite book. Reading is not only helpful for your writing ability, but can also help to build your character. The passage is most probably taken from the _ part of a magazine. | [
"health",
"travel",
"society",
"food"
] | A. health | mmlu_train |
m1_pref_157 | Consider the logistic regression loss $L: \R^d o \R$ for a binary classification task with data $\left( \xv_i, y_i
ight) \in \R^d imes \{0, 1\}$ for $i \in \left\{ 1, \ldots N
ight\}$:
egin{equation*}
L(\wv) = rac{1}{N} \sum_{i = 1}^N igg(\log\left(1 + e^{\xv_i^ op\wv}
ight) - y_i\xv_i^ op\wv igg).
\end{equation*}
Which of the following is a gradient of the loss $L$? | [
"abla L(\\wv) = \frac{1}{N} \\sum_{i = 1}^N \\; \\xv_i \bigg( y_i - \frac{e^{\\xv_i^\top\\wv}}{1 + e^{\\xv_i^\top\\wv}}\bigg) $",
"abla L(\\wv) = \frac{1}{N} \\sum_{i = 1}^N \\; \\xv_i \bigg( \frac{1}{1 + e^{-\\xv_i^\top\\wv}} - y_i\bigg) $",
"abla L(\\wv) = \frac{1}{N} \\sum_{i = 1}^N \\; \bigg( \frac{e^{\... | B. abla L(\wv) = rac{1}{N} \sum_{i = 1}^N \; \xv_i igg( rac{1}{1 + e^{-\xv_i^ op\wv}} - y_iigg) $ | m1_pref |
arc_easy_200 | Which human activity is most harmful to the natural environment? | [
"swimming in a lake",
"riding a bicycle",
"cutting down a rain forest",
"using solar energy"
] | C. cutting down a rain forest | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_11539 | Cooking is an important skill with an interesting history. Every culture has their own types of foods and methods of cooking. Most cities and towns have local specialties and dishes. Families often have special recipes and meals that nobody else knows how to cook. Food comes in almost as many shapes, sizes, and varieties as people do. And behind every meal and every dish there is a cook. In many cultures, especially in the West, cooking has traditionally been a task more often performed by women than by men. Today, however, it would be foolish to say cooking is only for females. Even though people are becoming busier and busier with their jobs, more and more people are cooking, including men. People cook to relax, to save money, to eat healthier foods, or just to eat tastier foods. This activity has become so popular that in the United States there is a television channel that does nothing but teach you how to cook. The internet has made it easier and easier to get all kinds of recipes. Because of globalization more types of spices and ingredients are available to more people at cheaper prices. This has helped contribute to new types of foods, dishes, and styles of cooking. Simply put, cooking is on the rise. In most places you can survive without knowing how to cook. But in my opinion if you don't know how to cook, you had better know somebody else that can cook, or life just won't be as enjoyable. Globalization has encouraged more people to cook because: | [
"More and more products are available at lower costs",
"They are richer and can afford cooking supplies",
"You can buy lots of ingredients and spices",
"There are more cookbooks."
] | A. More and more products are available at lower costs | mmlu_train |
aquarat_48849 | A started a business with an investment of Rs. 70000 and after 6 months B joined him investing Rs. 120000. If the profit at the end of a year is Rs. 78000, then the share of A is? | [
"s.42028",
"s.42000",
"s.42003",
"s.42029",
"s.24029"
] | B. s.42000 | aquarat |
aquarat_39394 | If a and b are integers and (a*b)^5 = 64y, y could be: | [
"16",
"32",
"64",
"128",
"256"
] | A. 16 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_39123 | Consumer electronics once again topped the list of the most wanted gifts this holiday season. "Seventy-six percent of consumers who plan to buy holiday gifts say that they will spend money buying at least one technology product; definitely a solid vote of confidence for technology." Steve Koenig is with the Consumer Electronics Association. He says the group's latest research also shows that Americans this year are spending more on technology products. "Here in 2012, $252 on average-the technology spend for consumers this year." From tablet computers to smartphones, American shoppers have been lining up to get the newest and coolest electronic devices on the market. There are more choices today than ever before. "It's kind of hard to make a decision." Tablet computers are one of the best-selling products this year. Brian Tong is Senior Editor of CNET.com. The website reports on tech news and examines the latest electronic products. He says the Apple iPad Mini is one of the most popular tablets. Its starting price is $329. One of Apple's biggest competitors is the Google Nexus 7. It starts at $199. "The hardware inside is more powerful than what's in the iPad Mini, but also it offers you a lot of things like maps that work better than Apple's maps." Brian Tong says there is one reason why people may like the iPad Mini more than the Nexus 7. "If you just want to read books and surf the Internet, you don't really need to get an iPad Mini, but if you want the largest group of apps that's where the iPad and Apple's ecosystem shines the most." Elman Chacon is with the electronics store Best Buy. He says another hot product this season is smart cameras. They connect to the Internet through Wi-Fi. This makes it easy for users to email or upload photographs directly from the camera. "You can literally take a picture, upload it into your Facebook in a matter of seconds. These things are pretty cool because they do a lot of things." Streaming media boxes also connect to the Internet. People are able to watch web content such as movies and YouTube videos on their televisions. Another popular item is wireless speaker systems. The newest ones work with any device that has Bluetooth technology, including smartphones, laptops and tablets. With the growing popularity of Internet shopping, many consumers will visit a store first to look at a product, and then go online to find it at a lower price. Stores like Best Buy understand that and they want to stay competitive. "We have something called the perfect match promise which means if you buy a certain device and you find it cheaper within 30 days we'll go ahead and price match that for you." Elman Chacon said. According to Brain Tong, _ . | [
"the Apple's iPad Mini is more suitable for enthusiastic readers",
"the hardware in iPad Mini is more advanced than that in Nexus 7",
"Nexus 7 has fewer apps than iPad Mini",
"iPad mini is more eco-friendly"
] | C. Nexus 7 has fewer apps than iPad Mini | mmlu_train |
aquarat_15891 | 80 is increased by 50%. Find the final number. | [
"100",
"110",
"120",
"30",
"160"
] | C. 120 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_54515 | Children who spend more time outdoors may have a lower risk of becoming nearsighted, new research suggests. In the study, researchers looked at about 1,900 schoolchildren. The scientists found that the kids who had been instructed to spend more time outdoors over three years were 23 percent less likely to develop nearsightedness during this time than those who had not been instructed to spend more time outdoors. Moreover, among the kids who did become nearsighted during the study, the degree to which their eyesight worsened was slightly smaller among those who spent more time outdoors. The researchers selected six schools and required the children, whose average age was 7 at the start of the study, to attend one additional 60-minute class of outdoor activities during each school day for three years. The parents of these children were also encouraged to engage their children in outdoor activities after school, especially during weekends and holidays. The other half of the children, from another six schools, continued their usual activity patterns. Afterthree years, 30.4 percent of the kids in the intervention group had become nearsighted, compared with 38.5 percent of the kids in the other group. It is not clear exactly why spending more time outside would benefit children's eyesight, the researchers said. However, some research has suggested that the higher levels of light intensity found outdoors may increase the release of the chemical dopamine of the eye. In turn, dopamine is known to restrain the type of growth in the eye that is associated with nearsightedness. Based on the new results, the researchers recommend that children spend more time outdoors because of the potential benefits to their eyesight. However, it's important to protect kids' skin and eyes from UV light, which can be damaging. What can be inferred about the chemical dopamine? | [
"It can contribute to poor sight.",
"It can damage people's brain.",
"It is beneficial to eyesight.",
"It means low levels of light intensity."
] | C. It is beneficial to eyesight. | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1868 | In order for boulders to become sediments, the boulders must first be | [
"heated and melted.",
"weathered and eroded.",
"recrystallized.",
"buried."
] | B. weathered and eroded. | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_43895 | Analysis of the composition of quicksand shows that there are four key ingredients--sand, obviously water, clay and salt. Together these materials form a structure resembling a house of cards, with large water-filled gaps between the sand particles, which are loosely glued in place by the clay. As long as it's left alone, the structure remains stable. But as soon as it's disturbed, by stepping on it, the clay changes from a jelly-like consistency to a runny liquid. The effect is the same as stirring a pot of yoghurt. Liquefying the clay makes the quicksand about one million times runnier, and the whole house of cards comes tumbling down, with you inside it. Very quickly, the sand sinks to the bottom and the water floats to the top. This is where the salt comes in. When there's enough salt present, as soon as the clay particles liquefy, electrical charges make them begin to stick together to form bigger particles and these also settle with the sand. Quicksand is a mixture which looks like solid, but behaves more like a liquid. Despite its murderous reputation, quicksand does not such people under and swallow them, although it can hold a person in firm grip. The human body is more buoyant in quicksand than in water, and sooner or later anyone trapped in it will float. Unlike most liquids, quicksand's viscosity, or "runniness" can suddenly change if it comes under pressure, for example under a human foot. The surface gives way and the victim quickly sinks in up to the knees, surrounded by an area of dirty things that turns semi-solid around its victim. Escaping from the quicksand's grip requires a large amount of force. Without something solid to pull at, people often find they are stuck fast. Pulling at one leg simply makes the other one sink further. So how do you escape from quicksand's control? Stay still and call for help. Staying still stops you sinking any further, until--with luck--help arrives on the scene. If no one appears and you need to draw yourself out, gently lie down on your back until your body is floating on the sand. Next, roll over onto your stomach and pull yourself forwards with your hands, so that you gradually "swim" towards firmer ground. It is a slow and dirty business, but it works. This technique has one barrier: it goes against a very powerful human nature. Faced with danger in the open, nine out of ten stay on their feet so that they can run away, in which case it can worsen the situation. From the passage we can learn that _ | [
"as long as you are strong enough, you can pull yourself up from quicksand on your own",
"clay glues sand particles loosely, which makes quicksand stable, unless it is disturbed",
"because anyone trapped in quicksand will float, there is little possibility of him dying",
"looking like solid ground, quicksand ... | B. clay glues sand particles loosely, which makes quicksand stable, unless it is disturbed | mmlu_train |
aquarat_49563 | The average salary of all the 60 employees in an office is Rs. 12,000 per month. if the number of executives is twice the number of non executives employees, then the average salary of all the non executives employees is | [
"Rs. 9000",
"Rs. 8000",
"Rs. 6000",
"can't be determined",
"None"
] | D. can't be determined | aquarat |
arc_easy_233 | A class is studying textures and collects several samples. Which of these items would the students most likely use magnification to study? | [
"hair",
"cheese",
"plastic spoon",
"aluminum foil"
] | A. hair | arc_easy |
arc_challenge_1029 | A simple food chain includes hawks, lizards, and insects. Which will most likely happen to the lizard and hawk populations if a pesticide is sprayed to kill the insects, and the lizard and hawk populations cannot find other food in this ecosystem? | [
"Both the lizard population and the hawk population will increase.",
"Both the lizard population and the hawk population will decrease.",
"The lizard population will increase, but the hawk population will decrease.",
"The lizard population will decrease, but the hawk population will increase."
] | B. Both the lizard population and the hawk population will decrease. | arc_challenge |
aquarat_46960 | The ratio of Male to Female in last week Calvary Church attendance was 4:6. If 60% of the Male and 40% of the Female were Under 35 years, How many people under 35 years of age attended Calvary Church last Sunday. | [
"51%",
"50%",
"48%",
"54%",
"46%"
] | C. 48% | aquarat |
mmlu_train_33931 | Health officials issued a waring over common energy-saving lghtbulbs after research showed some types could potentially harm the skin and may even raise the risk of cancer. A study by the Health Protection Agency (HPA) found that some eco-friendly lightbuulbs release levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation that are above recognized safety limits. The agency urged people who work with lamps nearby to avoid spending more than one hour within a foot of the eco-friendly bulbs. The warning was directed at those using desk lamps for long periods, such as jewellery makers, and others who might have lights close to their faces, such as car mechanics. John O'Hagan, a scientist at the HPA's centre for radiation, chemical and environmental dangers, began tests on the ligthbulbs after patient groups raised concern about them. Among the groups were patients with a skin disease called lupus, which makes people highly sensitive to light. The tests measured UV light from the lamps and found the highest levels of UV radiation, measured 2cm from the lightbulbs, were _ to being outside in direct sunlight in the summer. The most immediate risk from the lightbulbs is a reddening of the skin similar to sunburn, but there is also a small increased risk of skin cancer associated with this, again similar to that of sunburn. The risk of health problems from the lightbulbs was not so high that people should remove them from their homes. People are advised to avoid using open lightbulbs for long close work until the problem is sorted out. It has confirmed that the government will not be reviewing its strategy on introducing energy efficient lightbulbs. In order not to be harmed by the UV radiation from some lightbulbs, people should _ . | [
"stop using eco-friendly lightbulbs at home",
"avoid using open lightbulbs for long close work",
"take care not to expose their skin to direct sunlight",
"urge the government to ban the use of lightbulbs"
] | B. avoid using open lightbulbs for long close work | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_94965 | A man plugs his television into an outlet behind a cabinet. He sees that the television may now be turned on so that he can watch his favorite show. The man knows that by hooking the t.v. cord into the outlet | [
"he completed a lap",
"he made a good deal",
"he invented new circuits",
"he completed a circuit"
] | D. he completed a circuit | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_799 | When sound waves with large amplitude are compared to sound waves with small amplitude, which of the following is true? | [
"Sound waves with large amplitudes have less energy and sound quieter.",
"Sound waves with large amplitudes have more energy and sound louder.",
"Sound waves with large amplitudes have the same energy and sound quieter.",
"Sound waves with large amplitudes have the same energy and sound louder."
] | B. Sound waves with large amplitudes have more energy and sound louder. | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_37428 | If you are afraid of the dark,it's not a big deal.It's perfectly normal to feel afraid After all,animals do too. "Fear matters,"says Karen Warkentin,an ecologist."It's a good thing," she adds, "because fear makes you do things that keep you alive." Like kids,many animals experience fear and they respond to the feeling in variety of ways.A frightened turtle pulls its head and legs inside its shell.A small fish will swim away when a big,hungry fish approaches. Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect.The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs. Warkentin made the surprising discovery while studying red--eyed tree frogs in Costa Rica. In this species,female frogs attach jellylike clumps of their eggs to the undersides of leaves.The leaves hang on branches that dangle over ponds.After they hatch from the eggs,the tadpoles then fall into the water,where they eventually grow into adult frogs. Tree frog eggs usually grow for 6 days before hatching.If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack,however,they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of schedule. As the snakes are unable to swim,by falling into the water early,the tadpoles can escape. If hatching early helps protect red--eyed tree frogs from snakes,you might wonder why their eggs don't always hatch sooner.It turns out that hatching early brings its own danger.Once tadpoles land in the water,hungry fish and other animals like to eat them too.Staying in their eggs for a full 6 days,then,allows frog embryos to grow big and strong.This extra growth improves their chances of surviving in the water. It can be inferred from the passage that fears _ . | [
"help animals grow bigger and stronger",
"are less common among young animals",
"help animals move a lot to fit the environment",
"are more or less important in order for animals to survive"
] | D. are more or less important in order for animals to survive | mmlu_train |
aquarat_24493 | Marketing executives for a certain chewing gum company projected a 25 percent increase in revenue this year over that of last year, but revenue this year actually decreased by 25%. What percent of the projected revenue was the actual revenue ? | [
"53%",
"58%",
"60%",
"64%",
"75%"
] | C. 60% | aquarat |
arc_easy_1444 | A science class is taking a field trip to a forest to observe and study birds. Which tool would be most helpful for observing birds? | [
"beakers",
"binoculars",
"safety goggles",
"microscopes"
] | B. binoculars | arc_easy |
aquarat_7942 | The probability that A speaks truth is 1/5 and that of B speaking truth is 4/7. What is the probability that they agree in stating the same fact? | [
"16/35",
"16/37",
"16/39",
"16/33",
"18/31"
] | A. 16/35 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_46140 | The run-up to the launch of China's first lunar orbiter at the end of this month has caught the country's imagination, with more than two thirds of the nation hoping to see the launch live on TV, according to a survey. According to the survey by China Youth Daily and www.qq.com, almost the entire nation hopes to catch images of the event at some point, with 99 percent of the 10358 respondents saying they expected to witness the satellite launch and 68.9 percent said they were certain to watch the live broadcast of the launch. On www.qq.com and www.sina.com, two popular web portals in the country, internet users have contributed some 2,000 poems and 5000 drawings on the theme of Chang'e I. "The satellite launch means much more than just saying 'hello' to the moon. Maybe in the future we could also send some people to accompany sister 'Chang'e'," said a college student in the survey. Remarkably, many people expect to visit the moon one day, with 93.4 percent of respondents saying they expected to do so. Chang'e I is named after Chang'e, a famous character from Chinese mythology. She ascended from earth to live on the moon as a celestial being after drinking an elixir. There is also another connection between the moon and China. In the 1970s, a crater on the moon was named after a Chinese stargazer, Wan Hu, who is said to be the first astronaut in human history. Legend says about 600 years ago, around the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Wan Hu, a local government official, tried to fly into space with the help of a chair, two big kites and 47 self-made gunpowder-filled rockets. According to the legend after the rockets were lit there was a huge bang and lots of smoke. When the smoke cleared Wan was nowhere to be found. China's first astronaut flew into space in 2003 with the launch of the Chinese-made spaceship Shenzhou V. China became the third country, after the Soviet Union and the United States, to carry out manned space missions. Why was Wan Hu said to be the first astronaut in human history? | [
"Because a crater on the moon was named after his name.",
"Because he was the first to go to the moon in his own \"spaceship\".",
"Because of his courage for scientific experiment to the moon.",
"Because he made the first rocket in human history."
] | C. Because of his courage for scientific experiment to the moon. | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_881 | Which of the following is a consumer? | [
"grain",
"rabbit",
"vegetable",
"tree"
] | B. rabbit | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_37964 | Wearing seat belt is,of course,the first step to safe driving.These additional measures might also save your life. Count to three.Keeping up enough space between your car and others is extreme1y necessary.Jim Clark,a California driving instructor,suggests a least amount of three seconds'following distance.To figure this,pick an object on the roadside ahead.When the car in front of you passes it,start counting one-thousand-one,one-thousand-two,one-thousand-three.If you get to that object before you reach one-thousand-three,you don't have three seconds of following time --- time needed to keep away from accidents. Let followers pass."If someone's driving after you,get out of his way,"Clark advises."You're better of being safe than right." Expect the worst.In a study,the Federal Highway Administration found that 68 percent of drivers do not come to a complete stop at stop signs.When you're driving and see someone come near to a stop sing,assume the person's not going to stop. And when you stop at a crossing and another car comes near with its turn signal on,don't take it true that the driver will turn.Instead,wait until he turns.He may have had the signal on for miles. Stay outside.In crowd,multilane traffic,drive in either the outside--left or outside--right lane."That allows you somewhere to go if a problem develops,"traffic expert Francis Kenel says."If you're in the middle,all you can do is to pause from time to time." According to the text if you want to drive safely you should . | [
"wear seat belt",
"take some additional measures",
"at least take 5 steps",
"count to three"
] | C. at least take 5 steps | mmlu_train |
m1_pref_202 | How does the bias-variance decomposition of a ridge regression estimator compare with that of the ordinary least-squares estimator in general? | [
"Ridge has a larger bias, and larger variance.",
"Ridge has a larger bias, and smaller variance.",
"Ridge has a smaller bias, and larger variance.",
"Ridge has a smaller bias, and smaller variance."
] | B. Ridge has a larger bias, and smaller variance. | m1_pref |
arc_easy_968 | A scientist is searching for areas where new solar systems might form. What feature is the scientist looking for? | [
"a star similar to our Sun",
"a cloud of dust and gas",
"an oxygen-rich atmosphere",
"a gravitational acceleration of 9.8 m/sec2"
] | B. a cloud of dust and gas | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_60458 | Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disability. People with autism have trouble communicating and with social skills. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says the person also might repeat some behaviors and not want change in their daily activities. Some people with the condition need a lot of help. Others need less. CDC officials say autism affects one in every 68 children in the United States. More boys than girls are believed to have the condition. But the number of cases appears to be growing. It is unclear whether the growing number shows a real increase or comes from more knowledge about this disorder. Symptoms of autism Common signs of autism include trouble making eye contact and a delay in learning how to speak. Some people with severe autism never learn how to talk. Many people with autism also have difficulty understanding facial expressions and the feelings of others. They also have trouble making friends of the same age. Doctors have learned how to recognize autism, but much is still unknown about its causes. Researchers at Harvard University have come closer to finding answers. They found that women exposed to the highest levels of fine particulate air pollution late in their pregnancies are two times more likely to give birth to a child with autism. The findings appeared in Environmental Health Perspectives -- a publication of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. The study found that the women who were around high levels of fine particulate matter air pollution were at highest risk of having an autistic child. The increased risk of these women was two times that of women who lived in areas with low levels of fine particulate pollution. The researchers found that the timing of exposure to pollution was important. They found no increased risk of autism in children whose mothers were around high levels of pollution before becoming pregnant. And the study found air pollution does not seem to increase the risk of children developing autism after they are born. What can pregnant women do? Mr. Weisskopf says pregnant women should avoid air pollution as much as possible. But he warns that other things may increase the risk of autism spectrum disorder. "You can avoid being in extremely polluted cities during pregnancy if possible. You can also choose to go running in a park rather than next to a street. But that said, I think also it's very important to recognize that autism spectrum disorders is a very multi-factorial disorder. And there are lots of reasons why risk could be increased." Autism is believed to result from a combination of environmental and genetic factors. For now, Marc Weisskopf says researchers are trying to identify the exact substances in air pollution that increase the risk of autism. What can pregnant women do _ ? | [
"they should go running in a street",
"they should stop smoking",
"they should be in extremely polluted cities during pregnancy",
"they should avoid air pollution as much as possible"
] | D. they should avoid air pollution as much as possible | mmlu_train |
aquarat_46937 | For an employee to qualify for early retirement at a certain company, the sum of the employee’s age and years of service must be at least 60, If Sue was K years old when she was hired by the company, what is the minimum age at which she could possibly qualify for early retirement. | [
"K+35",
"2K+35",
"",
"",
"2"
] | C. (60+K) /2 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_63113 | Cloud seeding is a method of artificially causing clouds to produce precipitation in the form of rain or snow.Cloud seeding has also been used in attempts to modify the severity of hail storms and hurricanes.The effectiveness of cloud seeding remains controversial .but it continues to be used in some regions to try to increase rainfall for agriculture and to build snow packs for water supplies and power production. Cloud seeding was developed by American scientists Irving Langmuir and Vincent Joseph Schaefer during and after World War II.Their work began as an effort to learn more about the buildup of ice on airplane wings, and eventually led them to attempt to create rainfall by releasing several pounds of crushed frozen carbon dioxide into a cloud from an airplane.In this form, the carbon dioxide is called dry ice.On November 13, 1946, the technique appeared to produce snow directly under the cloud; the snow then turned to rain as it fell to the ground. For their experiment, Langmuir and Schaefer selected a supercooled cloud, one in which the water droplets remain liquid in subfreezing temperatures.Their theory was that small grains of dry ice falling through the cloud would cause tiny droplets of water vapor in the cloud to freeze into crystals that attracted more water vapor.Their theory proved to be correct and eventually the crystals became heavy enough to fall from the cloud as snow.As the snow reached the warmer temperatures closer to the ground, it melted and became rain. Another scientist, Bernard Vonnegut, produced a method of cloud seeding using silver iodide .He used particles of silver iodide because its crystal structure resembled that of ice in clouds.Silver iodide also had practical advantages over frozen carbon dioxide It could be stored at room temperature and did not require an airplane as a delivery mechanism.Instead, silver iodide crystals could be fired by cannons high into the air, where wind carried them into the clouds. Bernard chose silver iodide as a method of cloud seeding because _ . | [
"it is much cheaper than dry ice",
"it can be stored at any rooms",
"it can be sent into clouds by wind",
"it is similar"
] | D. it is similar | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_85241 | Lucy is a nice girl. She is twenty-six. She opens a clothes store. Its name is Lovely Clothes Store. The store is for girls, not for boys. The store has clothes in many colors. Do you want to have a look at the store? Clothes Colors Price T-shirts blue, green and white Y=25 Skirts red, green, yellow and black Y=45 \ Y=65 Sweaters yellow, blue and red Y=35 \ Y=55 Trousers orange, white and green Y=54 \ Y=84 \ Y=104 ,. Serena can buy _ skirt(s) for 130 yuan at the store. | [
"one",
"two",
"three",
"four"
] | D. four | mmlu_train |
aquarat_8548 | A trade analyst announced 10% reduction in the unit price of bike. As a result, the sales volume went up by 5%. What was the net effect on the sales revenue? | [
"no change",
"decreases by 5.5%",
"increases by 5.5%",
"increases by 5%",
"None of these"
] | B. decreases by 5.5% | aquarat |
arc_easy_1547 | Male peacocks have large brightly colored tail feathers. What is the most likely reason for this? | [
"to attract potential mates",
"to distract potential predators",
"to help catch food",
"to preserve warmth"
] | A. to attract potential mates | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_40325 | In recent years, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past. New medicines and machines are being developed every day to extend life. However, some people, including some doctors, are not in favor of these life extending measures, and they argue that people should have the right to die when they want. They say that the quality of life is as important as life itself and that people should not be forced to go on living when conditions of life have become unbearable . They saw that people should be allowed to die with dignity and to decide when they want to die. Others argue that life under any conditions is better than death and that the duty of doctors is always to extend life as long as possible. And so the battle goes on and on without a definite answer. The best title for this passage is _ . | [
"The Right to Live",
"The Right to Die",
"The Doctor's Duty",
"Life Is Better Than Death"
] | B. The Right to Die | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_93290 | The theory of spontaneous generation was eventually disproved scientifically by | [
"arguments in philosophy.",
"chemical analysis of material.",
"examining models of the process.",
"conducting a controlled experiment."
] | D. conducting a controlled experiment. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_14866 | If the numbers 1 to 100 are written on 100 pieces of paper, (one on each) and one piece is picked at random, then What is the probability that the number drawn is neither prime nor composite? | [
"1/50",
"1/25",
"1/100",
"1",
"2"
] | C. 1/100 | aquarat |
aquarat_4629 | Jones covered a distance of 50 miles on his first trip. On a later trip he traveled 300 miles while going three times as fast. Find out his new time compared with the old time. | [
"twice as much",
"three times as much",
"the same",
"half as much",
"a third as much"
] | A. twice as much | aquarat |
aquarat_22458 | The population of cities A and B is equal. The population of city A increases in two successive years by 20% and 15% respectively and that of city B increases successively by 20% and 10% respectively. If the difference in the population of two cities after 2 years is 768, then what was the total population of the two cities initially? | [
"12,800",
"26,500",
"24,600",
"25,600",
"27,600"
] | D. 25,600 | aquarat |
aquarat_39220 | Avg cost of 6 pencils and 8 pens is Rs. 70.The avg cost of 8 pencils and 10 pens is Rs.90. Find the total cost of 25 pencils and 25 pens? | [
"100",
"125",
"130",
"80",
"90"
] | B. 125 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_98051 | If a seed is planted and it develops into a large tomato plant | [
"the seed came from a cucumber",
"the seed came from something red",
"the seed came from a tree",
"the seed came from a bird"
] | B. the seed came from something red | mmlu_train |
aquarat_36274 | An equal number of desks and bookcases are to be placed along a library wall that is 15 meters long. Each desk is 2 meters long, and each bookshelf is 1.5 meters long. If the maximum possible number of desks and bookcases are to be placed along the wall, then the space along the wall that is left over will be how many meters F long? | [
"0.5",
"1",
"1.5",
"2",
"3"
] | B. 1 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_2758 | Which is most like the way a stem supports a flower? | [
"the way water supports a boat crossing a river",
"the way a flagpole supports a flag in the schoolyard",
"the way bookends support books on a shelf",
"the way a belt supports pants on a person's waist"
] | B. the way a flagpole supports a flag in the schoolyard | mmlu_train |
aquarat_43584 | The average monthly salary of 20 employees in an organisation is Rs. 1300. If the manager's salary is added, then the average salary increases by Rs. 100. What is the manager's monthly salary ? | [
"3600",
"3890",
"88798",
"3400",
"2891"
] | D. 3400 | aquarat |
aquarat_33124 | When a metallic ball bearing is placed inside a cylindrical container, of radius 2 cm, the height of the water, inside the container, increases by 0.6 cm. The radius, to the nearest tenth of a centimeter, of the ball bearing is | [
"1 cm",
"1.2 cm",
"2 cm",
"0.6 cm",
"None"
] | B. 1.2 cm | aquarat |
mmlu_train_2344 | Which of the following has the greatest mass? | [
"star",
"moon",
"planet",
"galaxy"
] | D. galaxy | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1650 | Which of the following best describes the purpose of cellular respiration? | [
"to provide energy for cell activities",
"to produce sugar for storage in cells",
"to release oxygen for breathing",
"to supply carbon dioxide for photosynthesis"
] | A. to provide energy for cell activities | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_13204 | Scientists from China, Sweden and the United Stated have developed a high-producing rice that can reduce methane emission , a major greenhouse gas blamed for global warming, from rice fields, according to a paper published on the latest issue of Nature. By inserting a barley gene into rice, Sun Chuanxin and his colleagues created SUSIBA2 Rice, which stores more starch in the section of the rice above ground, according to a paper published on the latest issue of Nature.This means the grains will have more starch while the root will exude less nutrients that will later be turned into methane by microbes in the soil, Sun, who works with Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, told Xinhua. "It solves two major problems mankind faces at one time: environmental degradation and the need for increased grain output," Wang Feng, another scientist, said, adding that the rice can cut methane discharge by more than 90 percent during summer and more than half during autumn, as "the rice displays a greater emission reduction effect in high temperatures." Meanwhile, small-scale trials have also suggested an increased output: a single plant of the new breed has 300 more grains with a starch content 10 percent higher. Wang said the team is working on applications for the rice in different areas, seasons and using different farming techniques. "It's still far away from mass application, but at least we see the light of hope." Human-induced methane, though less abundant than carbon dioxide in the air, is responsible for 20 percent of the global warming effect. Rice paddies are the largest single source of methane linked to human activity. According to the Ministry of Agriculture, China produces 209 million tons of rice in 2014, or 28 percent of the world's total of 734 million. SUSIBA2 Rice will be a major breakthrough because _ . | [
"it tastes with a barley flavor",
"it well balances environmental protection and grains increase",
"it contains more starch than the ordinary rice",
"it gives off less methane in summer than in winter"
] | B. it well balances environmental protection and grains increase | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_15951 | High in the sky, a group of birds fly past. The 5-foot-tall creatures are whooping cranes, the tallest birds in North America noted for its loud call. The wild animals appear to be following much larger birds. But those aren't birds at all. They are three-wheeled aircraft called trikes , and the pilots flying them are wearing white helmets and white gowns. That plan might sound like a stupid idea, but it's not. The pilots are from an organization called Operation Migration. They are helping the whooping cranes learn to migrate, or move from one area to another when the seasons change. The cranes are endangered. In 1941,the species had dwindled to roughly 20 birds because of hunting and habitat loss. US wildlife officials counted 149 whooping cranes in November 1995,the most since the American government began taking censuses in the 1930s.Today,about 380 remain. In the fall, whooping cranes are supposed to migrate south. However, many of them don't know how. "With so few birds left, young whooping cranes typically don't have parents around to teach them," explains pilot Joe Duff. That's where the trikes come in. Each October, pilots dress up as whooping cranes and take to the skies in Wisconsin. The young birds follow them because they think the trikes are big whooping cranes. It takes about three months to reach south--with plenty of rest stops on the way. The pilots lead the cranes to refuges, or protected areas, in Florida. This spring, the birds will migrate north by themselves--no trikes needed! "It's nice because you know the birds are going to make it," Duff told WR News. The three-wheeled aircraft serve as . | [
"adult cranes",
"food suppliers",
"temporary habitats",
"hunting tools"
] | A. adult cranes | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_532 | Which best describes a parallel circuit? | [
"Electricity flows along one pathway.",
"The flow of electricity comes from one source.",
"Electricity flows along more than one pathway.",
"The flow of electricity comes from more than one source."
] | C. Electricity flows along more than one pathway. | arc_challenge |
aquarat_9857 | A credit card number has 6 digits (between 1 to 9). The first two digits are 12 in that order, the third digit is bigger than 6, the forth is divisible by 3 and the fifth digit is 3 times the sixth. How many different credit card numbers exist? | [
"27",
"36",
"72",
"112",
"422"
] | A. 27 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_94277 | Which explains the pattern of day and night? | [
"Earth orbits the sun.",
"Earth spins on its axis.",
"The sun only transmits light energy during the daytime.",
"The sun only transmits light energy above the equator."
] | B. Earth spins on its axis. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_1881 | The body of a fish is covered by scales for | [
"decoration.",
"protection.",
"coloration.",
"reproduction."
] | B. protection. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_4945 | Now we're always hearing about road accident, and when we're in a car we try to drive carefully, but how many of us take the same degree of care in our homes? Any large hospital will tell you the number of the accidents that happen in the home is almost the same as those on the road. One of the commonest and most dangerous causes of home accidents is wrong and careless use of electrical equipment. People will continue to use a loose plug or pull out a plug without first turning off the power. In spite of warnings, one will carry an electric heater into the bathroom when he is going to have a bath. Sometimes one forgets to cut off the power before mending a lamp or something else. All this will cause accidents. So the rule about anything that work by electricity is:Switch off before you touch anything and don't pretend you know when you actually don't. If you've got children in the house, it's always best to keep medicines of any kind out of their reach. Otherwise, they may be taken for candies or a new kind of drink. When there are older people living with you, you have to take particular care in a number of ways in order to make them safe and happy. Fire, of course, is always a risk. So, remember not to dry clothes in front of fires, or leave stoves in the middle of rooms where they can easily be knocked over. And don't forget to keep the children away from fire. Smoking, too, may cause fire. So you'd better give it up. Safety first may mean a little more time and care, but it may save you a lot of trouble. According to the writer, we try to drive carefully in a car while _ . | [
"we take the same degree of care in our homes",
"We don't care much about the accidents in large hospitals",
"We don't pay enough attention to home accidents",
"We seldom think a lot about the road accidents"
] | C. We don't pay enough attention to home accidents | mmlu_train |
m1_pref_51 | The term frequency of a term is normalized | [
"by the maximal frequency of all terms in the document",
"by the maximal frequency of the term in the document collection",
"by the maximal frequency of any term in the vocabulary",
"by the maximal term frequency of any document in the collection"
] | A. by the maximal frequency of all terms in the document | m1_pref |
aquarat_41110 | The length of the bridge, which a train 130 meters long and travelling at 45 km/hr can cross in 30 seconds, is: | [
"2399",
"277",
"245",
"88",
"232"
] | C. 245 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_49435 | The United States government wants to know what the public thinks about its findings on the safety of cloned animals. The Food and Drug Administration says meat and milk from clones of adult cattle, pigs and goats are safe to eat. An F.D.A. official called them "as safe to eat as the food we eat every day." And when those clones reproduce sexually , the agency says, their offspring are safe to eat as well. But research on cloned sheep is limited. So the F.D.A. proposes that sheep clones not be used for human food. The United States this year could become the first country to approve the sale of foods from cloned animals. First, however, the public will have ninety days to comment on three proposed documents. On December 28th the F.D.A. released a long report, called a draft risk assessment, along with two policy documents. The agency says it must receive comments by April second. The F.D.A. seemed ready to act several years ago, but an advisory committee called for more research. For now, the government will continue to ask producers to honor a request that they not sell foods from cloned animals. Clones are still rare. They cost a lot and are difficult to produce. The F.D.A. says most food from cloning is expected to come not from clones themselves, but from their sexually reproduced offspring. It says clones are expected to be used mostly as breeding animals to spread good qualities. Public opinion studies show most Americans do not like the idea of food from cloned animals. But this research also shows the public knows little about cloning. Cloning differs from genetic engineering. A cell taken from a so-called donor animals is grown into an embryo in the laboratory. Next, the embryo is placed into the uterus of a female animal. If the process is successful, the pregnancy reaches full term and a genetic copy of the donor animal is born. The main purpose of the text is to_. | [
"tell a interesting story",
"give some advice on foods",
"give a report",
"compare different opinions"
] | C. give a report | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_98512 | An example of a circuit would be | [
"rock climbing",
"running",
"dimming a bulb",
"swimming"
] | C. dimming a bulb | mmlu_train |
aquarat_40072 | Find the next number in the series 1, 3 ,7 ,13 ,21 ,31 | [
"43",
"33",
"41",
"45",
"51"
] | A. 43 | aquarat |
aquarat_33781 | If xy ≠ 0 and x^2y^2 − xy = 20, which of the following could be y in terms of x?
I. 5/x
II. -4/x
III. 3/x | [
"I only",
"II only",
"I and II only",
"I and III",
"II and III"
] | C. I and II only | aquarat |
mmlu_train_53666 | The world's oceans are slowly getting more acidic, say scientists. The researchers from California say the change is taking place in response to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The lowering of the waters' pH value is not great at the moment but could pose a serious threat to current marine life if it continues, they warn. Ken Caldeira and Michael Wickett, from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, report their concerns in the journal Nature. Increasing use of fossil fuels means more carbon dioxide is going into the air, and most of it will eventually be absorbed by seawater. Once in the water, it reacts to form carbonic acid. Scientists believe that the oceans have already become slightly more acidic over the last century. But these researchers have tried to predict what will happen in the future by combining what we know about the history of the oceans with computer models of climate change. "This level of acidity will get much more extreme in the future if we continue releasing CO2 into the atmosphere," said Dr Caldeira. "And we predict amounts of future acidity will exceed anything we have seen over the last several hundred million years, let alone perhaps after rare catastrophic events such as asteroid impacts ." If carbon dioxide release continues unabated , ocean pH could be reduced by as much as 0.77 units, the authors warn. It is not ly clear what that means for marine life, however. Most organisms live near the surface, where the greatest pH change would be expected to occur, but deep-ocean lifeforms may be more sensitive to pH changes. Coral reefs and other organisms whose skeletons or shells contain calcium carbonate may be particularly affected, the team speculate. They could find it much more difficult to build these structures in water with a lower pH. In recent years some people have suggested deliberately storing carbon dioxide from power stations in the deep ocean as a way of curbing global warming. But Dr Caldeira said that such a strategy should now be re-considered. "Previously, most experts had looked at ocean absorption of carbon dioxide as a good thing - because in releasing CO2 into the atmosphere we warm the planet; and when CO2 is absorbed by the ocean, it reduces the amount of greenhouse warming. The purpose of this passage is to _ . | [
"show people the findings of a research team",
"warn people of the higher level of CO2",
"inform people of how acid the ocean is now",
"introduce Dr Caldeira and his team's research"
] | B. warn people of the higher level of CO2 | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_25431 | A US student has just spent 30 days on an "insect diet " - eating insects three times a day. Camren Brantley-Rios says traditional meats such as pork and beef are unable to continue and he wanted to try out what many consider the diet of the future. Many people would not like the idea of eating insects distasteful, even if it were not disgusting. Not so long ago Brantley-Rios was among them. But for the last month he has been eating insects for breakfast, lunch and dinner. "I'm mainly sticking to three kinds," he says. Occasionally he has included different insects. Preparing these he "actually cried", though he insists they were surprisingly good. Insects consume fewer resources than animals, like pigs and cows, to produce the same amount of protein , Brantley-Rios says - and more than two billion people worldwide include insects in their regular diet, according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization. "There's not really a need to eat insects in America because we have it so nice," Brantley-Rios says. "We have finer meats and we're lucky to have that luxury , so there's not much of a pressure to eat insects right now. But what a lot of people are trying to do is make it a little bit more marketable." He has ordered insects from farms that usually supply zoos, which need them "to feed certain animals". He has always made sure the insects have been fed on an organic diet, he says, and only bought species he knows are safe to eat. He knows that one person eating insects won't make much difference. To have a real environmental effect, millions would have to follow his example. How does Brantley-Rios guarantee the safety of his insect diet? | [
"He tests each species before eating it.",
"He has insects raised on his own farm.",
"He feeds his insects on an organic diet.",
"He orders insects for certain zoo animals."
] | D. He orders insects for certain zoo animals. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_26044 | An article is bought for Rs.875 and sold for Rs.900, find the gain percent? | [
"73 1/3%",
"63 1/3%",
"33 1/3%",
"2.8%",
"56.5%"
] | D. 2.8% | aquarat |
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