id stringlengths 9 18 | question stringlengths 4 4.81k | choices listlengths 2 13 | full_answer stringlengths 4 180 | dataset stringclasses 5 values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
aquarat_26058 | Two friends want to buy a snack. They combine their money and find they have $3.10, consisting of quarters, dimes, and nickels. If they have 28 coins and the number of quarters is half the number of nickels, how many quarters do they have? | [
"3",
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7"
] | D. 6 | aquarat |
arc_easy_1936 | Monarch butterflies use milkweed plants during all of their life stages. Milkweed plants grow in open areas, such as grasslands and wetlands. They also often grow between row crops. Given this information, which of these biotechnologies would pose the greatest threat to monarch butterflies? | [
"development of new antibiotics",
"development of new herbicides",
"development of disease-resistant crops",
"development of insect-resistant crops"
] | B. development of new herbicides | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_51292 | For those who study the development of intelligence in the animal world, self-awareness is an important measurement. An animal that is aware of itself has a high level of intelligence. Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror, that is, its own reflected image .Many animals fail this exercise bitterly, paying very little attention to the reflected image. Only humans, and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins, have been shown to recognize the image in the mirror is of themselves. Now another animal has joined the club . In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , researchers report an Asian elephant has passed the mirror self-reflection test. "We thought elephants were the next important animal" said Diana Reiss of the Wildlife Conservation Society ,an author of the study with Joshua M.Plotnik and Fans B.M..de Waal of Emory University. With their large brains, Reiss said elephants "seemed like cousins to apes and dolphins" The researchers tested Happy, Maxine and Patty, three elephants at the Bronx Zoo. They put an 8-foot-square mirror on a wall of the animals' play area (out of the sight of zoo visitors and recorded what happened with cameras, including one built in the mirror. The elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it, and to examine parts of their bodies. Of the three, Happy then passed their test, in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face. She could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose. Diana Reiss said, " We knew elephants were intelligent, but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way". Why does the author mention apes and dolphins in the text? | [
"They are most familiar to readers.",
"They are big favourites with zoo visitors.",
"They are included in the study by Reiss.",
"They are already known to be intelligent."
] | D. They are already known to be intelligent. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_5636 | Amy’s retirement portfolio contains only stocks and bonds. At the beginning of 2016, her portfolio had an allocation of 60% stocks and 40% bonds. Over the course of 2016, the total value of her portfolio increased by 8%, with the value of her stock holdings increasing by 10%. By what percent did the value of her bond holdings increase? | [
"4%",
"5%",
"6%",
"7%",
"7.5%"
] | B. 5% | aquarat |
arc_easy_1092 | In a large forest with many animals, there are only a small number of bears. Which of these most likely limits the population of bears in the forest? | [
"supply of food",
"type of tree",
"predation by carnivores",
"amount of suitable shelter"
] | A. supply of food | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_68838 | The computers changed our lives in the 1980s, the Internet changed our lives in the 1990s, and the robots will change our lives in the new century. Do you think there will be robots in people's homes? It's not a dream that every home will have a robot. Now, robots are not only able to help people do the housework, they can also help the doctors do the difficult operations, play chess with people, play the piano and so on. A new cooking robot is used in Beijing. It can cook all the dishes on the menu, you only need to wait two to four minutes, in the future, the robot will be a nurse, a security guard, or a partner in your life. Experts believe robots will be used everywhere from the industrial( ) robots to service robots. In the future, robots will become part of the family, and provide else service for people. We all look forward to the new robot age. According to the passage, we know that a new cooking robot is being used in _ . | [
"the future",
"Beijing",
"many countries",
"many families"
] | B. Beijing | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1060 | Which element is most likely to form an ion with a negative 2 charge? | [
"oxygen",
"nitrogen",
"beryllium",
"magnesium"
] | A. oxygen | arc_easy |
arc_challenge_67 | Why do areas in the middle of a large continent generally have more extreme differences in temperature than areas near the coastline? | [
"There are generally more clouds near the oceans.",
"Landlocked areas are usually at a lower altitude than coastline areas.",
"Coastlines are usually surrounded by mountains that block air masses.",
"Oceans change temperature slowly and regulate the temperature of nearby land."
] | D. Oceans change temperature slowly and regulate the temperature of nearby land. | arc_challenge |
arc_easy_1998 | How is the stratosphere different from the troposphere? | [
"The clouds in the stratosphere produce more rain.",
"The air in the stratosphere has a greater density.",
"The composition of the stratosphere lacks ozone.",
"The temperature of the stratosphere warms at higher altitude."
] | D. The temperature of the stratosphere warms at higher altitude. | arc_easy |
aquarat_9444 | If a and b are both prime numbers greater than 12, which of the following CANNOT be true?
I. ab is an even number.
II. The difference between a and b equals 117.
III. The sum of a and b is even. | [
"I only",
"I and III only",
"I and II only",
"II and III only",
"I, II and III"
] | C. I and II only | aquarat |
arc_easy_1438 | How does an ecosystem benefit when leaves fall from a tree and decompose on the soil? | [
"Nutrients are released into the soil.",
"Soil erosion decreases.",
"Carbon dioxide is absorbed by the soil.",
"Soil temperature decreases."
] | A. Nutrients are released into the soil. | arc_easy |
arc_easy_1477 | Conjugation in a paramecium differs from sexual reproduction in volvox because conjugation | [
"results in two genetically identical cells.",
"requires specialized gonidia cells.",
"forms haploid male and female gametes.",
"takes place between specialized cells."
] | A. results in two genetically identical cells. | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_47362 | Eye injuries from paintball games have increased among children, even as the protective equipment for the sport has improved, according to a study released yesterday in the journal pediatrics. The Federal Consumer Product Safety Commission estimated the number of emergency room visits for eye injuries caused by paintballs at 545 in 2001 and more than 1,200 in 2003. More than 40 percent of those injuries were believed to involve children, the study said. Paintballs are fired at a speed of up to 300 feet a second, the study said. Being so small, they can fit inside the bones meant to protect the eye. The study's author, Dr. David A. Listman of St. Barnabas Hospital in the Bronx, said paintball shopping centers had generally switched to full face masks ,which have become more effective at protecting the eyes than earlier _ . But most injuries now occur in backyard play, which is more likely to involve teenagers or children."The injuries being seen are mostly in people who did not wear the proper, or for that matter any, safety equipment,"Dr. Listman said. Those injuries can involve permanent damage to sight, he said. Dr. Listman said he believed that paintball guns should be restricted to regulated places. In the absence of such action, parents should limit children's access to the guns and insist on proper protection. Paintball guns"should be treated with the same respect as any other firearm,"he said"These are the only guns that are made to shoot at your friends." What do you learn form Dr. Listman? | [
"Children should not play paintball guns everywhere.",
"Many more children were injured in 2003 than in 2001.",
"The improved equipment is still ineffective for children.",
"Every eye injury from paintballs will finally lead to blindness."
] | A. Children should not play paintball guns everywhere. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_24587 | In today's fast-paced society, few people take time to enjoy the midday meal.Most of us just rush right through it. We grab a quick salad, or buy a sandwich and eat at our computers, Sometimes, if there is a deadline around the corner, we just _ The development of technology hasn't done our eating habits much good either.We are constantly distracted by e-mail, social media, and 24 - hour news.Even when we do sit down for lunch, we are more connected to our hand - held electronic devices. Long working hours can cause all kinds of health problems, and many developed countries have put in place labor laws specifically regarding the lunch break.These laws give employees the right to take a break during a long work shift, but it's up to them whether they do so or not. Frank Partnoy, a former Wall Street trader, says that employers should encourage workers to take time off for lunch.This is because long lunch breaks can benefit both individuals and society. Writing in The Guardian, Partnoy says that one obvious reason to take a lunch break is to slow down and gain some perspective . A break from work allows us to think strategically and outside the box.It also puts our daily tasks into a broader context . What we eat at lunch is also important.In Partnoy' s opinion, a fast food lunch is more harmful than not having lunch at all. And it's not just about calories and unhealthy food.Recent studies show that fast food also has negative effects on how we think. However, if we sit down at a proper restaurant and chat leisurely with colleagues, we are more likely to slow down, something that hardly can be achieved in a noisy and over -- packed fast food chain. Despite these benefits, some employees might still be unwilling to take time off for lunch.Partnoy's suggestion? Make skipping lunch difficult: Employers could ask workers to fill out a form stating their reasons for skipping the meal. In Partnoy's opinion, a fast food lunch _ . | [
"saves a lot of time for a rest",
"affects people's way of thinking",
"is better than having no lunch",
"makes workers sit down and think"
] | B. affects people's way of thinking | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_6203 | If you like texting and are trying to lose weight, a new study found that using texting to track diet and exercise habits may help you lose weight. Previous research has shown that keeping food and exercise diaries improves the likelihood of success when you are trying to lose weight. Using a computer or a pen and paper to record information, however, can be a burden and cause some people to give up. Duke University researchers said using text messages to track eating and exercise habits can save time, and increase the chances that people will stick with their weight-loss rules. The study included 26 obese women with an average age of 38. The women used daily texting as part of their weight-loss program. The text messages focused on tracking personalized goals, such as avoiding sugary drinks or walking 10,000 steps a day. Messages also provided brief feedback and tips. Every morning, the women received a text from an automated system that said, "Please text yesterday's personal information of steps you walked and how many sugary drinks you had." Based on the women's responses to the text message, the system sent another text with personalized feedback and tips. After six months, the women who used daily texting lost an average of nearly 3 pounds, while another group of women who used traditional methods to keep food and exercise diaries gained an average of 2.5 pounds, according to the study, which was published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research. "Text messaging has become popular and may be an effective method to simplify tracking of diet and exercise behavior," Dori Steinberg, who was responsible for this research, said. Steinberg said, "Text messaging offers several advantages compared to other self-monitoring methods. Unlike web-based diet and exercise diaries, data in a text message can be entered quickly on nearly all cellphone platforms so it is very convenient to receive feedback. Besides, because of the limited number of words used in text messages, it saves time." What's Dori Steinberg's attitude towards text messaging? | [
"Unknown.",
"Negative.",
"Positive.",
"Unconcerned."
] | C. Positive. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_41510 | There are some pigeons and hares in a zoo. If heads are counted, there are 200. If legs are counted, there are 580. The number of hares in the zoo is? | [
"16",
"19",
"90",
"17",
"91"
] | C. 90 | aquarat |
aquarat_15498 | Ram completes a piece of work in 15 days, Raja completes the same work in 20 days. If both of them work together, then the number of days required to complete the work is? | [
"6 days",
"8 days",
"10 days",
"8.57 days",
"14 days"
] | D. 8.57 days | aquarat |
arc_easy_188 | A baby kit fox grows to become an adult with a mass of over 3.5 kg. What factor will have the greatest influence on this kit fox's survival? | [
"the size of the fox's ears",
"the conditions of the fox's habitat",
"the average number of fox offspring",
"the social behaviors within the fox population"
] | B. the conditions of the fox's habitat | arc_easy |
aquarat_40076 | A man can row 6 kmph in still water. When the river is running at 1.2 kmph, it takes him 1 hour to row to a place and black. What is the total distance traveled by the man? | [
"5.98",
"8.98",
"5.76",
"5.87",
"5.82"
] | C. 5.76 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_58035 | There are many differing thoughts on the effectiveness of hypnosis as a kind of treatment. However, scientific studies seem to have concluded that hypnosis is not only a true kind of treatment but also highly effective. There have been a number of controlled studies in recent decades and they all seem to agree hypnosis most definitely does work. Within this essay I will discuss just two of many studies about hypnosis and how they show that hypnosis works. In a study released in the Journal of Clinical Psychology to test the helpfulness of hypnosis in losing weight, 109 volunteers (ranging from the age of 17 to 67) completed a behavioral treatment either with or without the addition of hypnosis. The treatment took nine weeks and during return check-ups both eight months and two years after the treatment the people who used hypnosis showed a continued weight loss rate much higher than the people who didn't. Those who used hypnosis were much better at achieving their ideal weight goals. In 2009, researchers at Hull University found that hypnosis had an influence on brain scans. This shows that hypnosis had an influence on brain activity that can be picked up on brain scans. This shows that hypnosis is not just a placebo treatment as some doubters claim it is. "Our study shows hypnosis is real," said British psychologist Dr. Michael Heap who was involved in the study. This piece of research shows that hypnosis works and also exactly how it works. There are also studies proving that hypnosis works for pain relief, improving skin quality, improving confidence as well as helping with many other problems. If you've ever thought about using hypnosis but were not sure whether it would work for you, you should now have all the proof you need to use hypnosis with confidence. We learn from the 2009 study that hypnosis _ . | [
"does not really work",
"is just a kind of comfort",
"can help improve confidence",
"has visible function on the brain"
] | D. has visible function on the brain | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_62374 | To get a better night's sleep, get into bed with Zeo Introducing the revolutionary Zeo Personal Sleep Coach The inability to get a good night's sleep is one of the top health issues. A night of poor sleep can affect one's mood, energy level, and performance. Most people have felt powerless to do anything about it -- until now. Introduing Zeo, a revolutionary approach to the problem of poor sleep. A revolution in the science of sleep Designed by leading sleep scientists,the Zeo Personal Sleep Coach is the first consumer product to help you take control of your sleep.Because understanding your sleep is the first step toward mananging it. Wear the light Zeo Headband to bed and Zeo technology tracks and records your personal sleep patterns and wrielessly send them to the Zeo Bedside Display. When you wake up, you simply touch a button to get your sleep data: the time you took to fall asleep, your time in deep sleep and light sleep, and how often you woke up. Seeing how you slept is just the beginning. What you do with that information is what makes Zeo so remarkable. Take control of your sleep Zeo puts the science of sleep at your fingertips. The Zeo Bedside Display stroes your sleep data so you can easily upload it to the Zeo Peasonal Coaching website. Here you 'll find a collection of online tools that help you analyze you sleep and uncover the links between how you live and how your sleep. Zeo's Seven Step Sleep Fintness program assists you in creating a personalized action plan based on your own sleep pattems and goals, and delivers user-tailored coaching emails that help you get the sleep you need. Try Zeo risk free,and enjoy free shipping Order Zeo today and receive the headband, bedside display, full access to our powerful user website and you personalized, multi-week sleep coaching program--plus our satisfaction guarantee and free shipping. ze? The more you know, the better you sleep. 30-DAY money- back guarantee FREE SHIPPING Call NOW to order. Call 888-794-9349 Zeo Personal Sleep Coach is neither a medical device nor a medical program and is notintended for the treatment of sleep disorders. Zeo is a revolution in the science of sleep mainly because it _ . | [
"can record one's sleep process",
"is the first product to manage one's sleep",
"is free of medical risks",
"provides access to sleep fitness websites"
] | B. is the first product to manage one's sleep | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_65673 | The vitamins are named by letters of the alphabet . Vitamin A is needed by the eyes. There is Vitamin A in milk, butter, and green vegetables. It can be kept by the body. Vitamin B cannot be kept. It must be supplied all the time by some of the food we eat. Vitamin C is very important to the body. Without it men's teeth become loose and their arms and legs get weak. Lemons , oranges and tomatoes have Vitamin C in them. Vitamin D is the sun vitamin. We get it in milk and eggs and from sunlight on our skin . There are other Vitamins, but these A, B, C and D, are the most important. There are many kinds of vitamins, the most important of which are _ . | [
"Vitamin A",
"Vitamin B and C",
"Vitamin D and A",
"Vitamin A ,B,Cand D"
] | D. Vitamin A ,B,Cand D | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_4430 | In a meadow ecosystem, mice receive most of the energy they need to survive directly from which of the following sources? | [
"minerals",
"oxygen",
"plants",
"water"
] | C. plants | mmlu_train |
aquarat_6782 | A computer manufacturer produces a certain electronic component at a cost of $100 per component. Shipping costs for delivering the components are $4 per unit. Further, the manufacturer has costs of $24,500 a month related to the electronic component regardless of how many it produces. If the manufacturer produces and sells 100 components a month, what is the lowest price it can sell them for such that the costs don't exceed the revenues? | [
"278",
"366",
"349",
"335",
"295"
] | C. 349 | aquarat |
arc_challenge_600 | Which of these statements best describes a possible environmental consequence in constructing a large-scale wind farm to generate electricity? | [
"Wind farms alter the regional climate.",
"Wind farms can disrupt migrating wildlife.",
"Wind farms use a renewable energy source.",
"Wind farms generate direct current electricity."
] | B. Wind farms can disrupt migrating wildlife. | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_37341 | Last week a study of one hundred ninety-nine countries confirmed what many people may have already noticed. People around the world are getting fatter. The study found that obesity has almost doubled since 1980. Majid Ezzati, who led the research team, says the results show that obesity, high blood pressure and high blood pressure are no longer just found in wealthy nations. These are now worldwide problems. The study appeared shows that in 2008, almost ten percent of men were obese. That was up from about five percent in 1980. That same year, almost eight percent of women were obese. By 2008, the rate of obesity among women was almost fourteen percent. Obesity is commonly measured by body mass index , or BMI. This is a measure of a person's weight in relation to height. A person with a BMI of twenty-five to twenty-nine is considered overweight. The World Health Organization defines obesity as a body mass index of thirty or more. Pacific island nations have an average BMI of around thirty-five -- the highest in the world. But the study found that the United States had the single highest average among wealthy countries. Men and women had an average BMI of over twenty-eight. New Zealand was next. Japan had the lowest, at about twenty-two for women and twenty-four for men. The report had some good news, however, about high blood pressure. The percentage of people with this major cause of heart attacks and strokes has fallen since 1980. Dr. Ezzati credits improved testing and treatment in wealthy countries. He says a decrease in the use of salt and unhealthful fats probably also helped. In the United States, new guidelines urge Americans to reduce salt, sugar and fatty meats and to eat more fish and whole grains. People are being urged to choose water over sugared drinks and to eat more fruits and vegetables. But whatever they eat, Americans are being urged to follow new advice from the government: eat less. The passage mainly tells us about _ . | [
"why more and more people are getting fat",
"some advice on keeping fit",
"a study of obesity",
"how to know a person's body mass index"
] | C. a study of obesity | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_14009 | It can be rude to talk politics over dinner...explicitly at least. But subtle linguistic cues might reveal more than you think about your political views, whether at the dinner table--or on Twitter. "There's a lot of information in the details of our language." Matthew Purver, a computational linguist at Queen Mary University of London. "The little words we use, the way we join together our sentences, and the kind of interactional patterns, where we react to other people." Purver's research team used Twitter as their communications forum, randomly selecting 28,000 users, half of whom clearly followed one political party's Twitter feeds, for example, @GOP, but not the other, for a more or less even split among Republicans and Democrats. Then they analyzed the words in those users' timelines during a two-week period in June 2014. As you might expect, the tweets of users who followed Republican accounts were a lot more likely to contain words like "obamacare" and "benghazi," whereas "bridge gate" came up more among Democratic followers. But the researchers also found that the left-leaners were much more likely to use words like sh#& and fu@$ than were the righties. And whereas Republican followers preferred plural pronouns like "we" or "us," Democratic followers used more singular pronouns, like "I" or "me.". That pronoun use could reflect previous work on how people on the right and left forge their political views. "People on the right end of the political spectrum are more likely to be concerned with group conformity. Whereas people who tend to be on the left are perhaps more likely to see their morals or their values deriving from individualistic ideas, if you like." The study is in the journal PLoS ONE. Of course, just following a political account is not proof of political belief. But these findings suggest that algorithms may increasingly be able to read between the lines, detecting nuances in human communication that even we humans can't perceive. What is the meaning of "There's a lot of information in the details of our language." ? | [
"Information can be conveyed through the way of word combination, sentence pattern, etc. explicitly or implicitly.",
"We convey our meaning directly through language.",
"People say what they want.",
"Language is the only way we convey our meaning."
] | A. Information can be conveyed through the way of word combination, sentence pattern, etc. explicitly or implicitly. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_82408 | I'm Tom. This is a pencil case. It's orange. It's my pencil case. What's in the pencil case? A ruler is in the pencil case. It is my ruler. The ruler is blue and red. That is a pencil. It is black and white. It is not my pencil. Look! That girl is Lucy. It is her pencil. That boy is Tim. I found his green pen in the pencil case. I call Tim at 7890003. It is his telephone number. I am Tom. Is my telephone number 7890003? | [
"Yes.",
"No.",
"OK.",
"I don't know"
] | B. No. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_31498 | A number is doubled and 5 is added. If the resultant is trebled, it becomes 129. What is that number? | [
"12",
"29",
"27",
"19",
"99"
] | D. 19 | aquarat |
aquarat_42913 | If nn is a positive integer and (n+1)(n+3)(n+1)(n+3) is odd, then (n+2)(n+4)(n+2)(n+4) must be a multiple of which one of the following? | [
"2",
"5",
"6",
"8",
"10"
] | D. 8 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_90516 | As a girl, I've spent a great deal of my time on earth concerned about my weight. So I do know something about exercise. Let me tell you about the calorie-burning activities I've tried or will try. Salsa I try to maintain my weight through dancing. Dancing improves my coordination and sense of rhythm in addition to burning calories. I'm personally interested in salsa, which I find sexy and expressive . But I have not yet to start classes, because classes are very expensive, and I cannot find a dance partner. Ping-Pong Ping-pong is the national sport of China, so how could I know nothing about it? My father is a ping-pong fan, and a really good player. He's won several informal matches. My relationship with ping-pong has always been on-and-off. I'll get into it for a while, and then lose interest. The reason is because I can't find a good partner. Some stronger can depress you, while someone weaker (or just as weak) can make the game boring. Tae Kwon Do I've recently decided to try tae kwon do as my regular exercise activity. There's a story behind this choice: A few weeks ago, I was sitting on a bus, concentrating on a book. Suddenly, the bus became very quiet except for the sound of a woman's crying. I looked up to see what had happened and overheard whispers that she had just quarreled with a man, and the man slapped her face. No one on the bus dared say anything because the man looked really strong. Even now I feel ashamed I was among the silent. That's why I've made up my mind to learn something that will help me protect others and myself. We can learn from the passage that _ . | [
"the girl has learnt salsa for a long time",
"the girl has played ping-pong many times",
"the girl was brave enough to beat the man",
"she has learnt tae kwon do well"
] | B. the girl has played ping-pong many times | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1723 | Which of these resources will most likely be depleted first? | [
"Wind",
"Solar energy",
"Fossil fuels",
"Water"
] | C. Fossil fuels | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_86141 | Dolphins are not fish. They are mammals .They live in groups and speak to each other in their own language. But they are quite different from almost all land animals. Their brain is as big as men's and they live a long life at least 20 or 30 years. Like some animals, dolphins use sounds to help them find their way around. They also use these sounds to talk to each other and to help them find food. They do not use their ears to receive sounds,but use the jaw--the lower part of the mouth. It is strange that dolphins are friendly to men, and for thousands of years, there are many stories about dolphins and men. In the 19th century, in a dangerous part of the sea near New Zealand,there was a dolphin. The seamen liked him very much and gave him a very good name, Jack. From 1871 to 1903 ,Jack met every boat in the area and showed it the way. In 1903 a passenger on a boat with the name of The Penguin shot and hurt Jack. Luckily the dolphin didn't die, and after a long time he was well again. He guided the ships through the area for nine more years, but he refused to help the boat of the Penguin. Today, some people still kill dolphins, but many countries in the world now protect them. In these places, people are not allowed to kill them. The dolphin guided the ships for about _ . | [
"32 years",
"9 years",
"41 years",
"23 years"
] | C. 41 years | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_449 | The freezing and thawing action of water affects a rock by | [
"transforming the rock into igneous rock.",
"chemically changing the rock.",
"gradually breaking down the rock into smaller pieces.",
"leaving behind sedimentary particles from evaporated solutions."
] | C. gradually breaking down the rock into smaller pieces. | arc_easy |
arc_easy_503 | Which group of organisms would all be found living in a tropical rain forest? | [
"Lizards, insects, cacti, kangaroos",
"Vines, palm trees, tree frogs, monkeys",
"Evergreens, moose, weasels, mink",
"Lichens, mosses, caribou, polar bears"
] | B. Vines, palm trees, tree frogs, monkeys | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_31699 | Fish have ears. Really. They're quite small and have no opening to the outside world carrying sound through the body. For the past seven years, Simon Thorrold, a university professor, has been examining fish ears, small round ear bones called otoliths. As fish grow, so do their otoliths. Each day, their otoliths gain a ring of calcium carbonate . By looking through a microscope and counting these rings, Thorrold can determine the exact age of a young fish. As a fish gets older, its otoliths no longer get daily rings. Instead, they get yearly rings, which can also be counted, giving information about the fish's age, just like the growth rings of a tree. Ring counting is nothing new to fish scientists. But Thorrold has turned to a new direction. They're examining the chemical elements of each otolith ring. The daily ring gives us the time, but chemistry tells us about the environment in which the fish swam on any given day. These elements tell us about the chemistry of the water that the fish was in. It also says something about water temperature, which determines how much of these elements will gather within each otolith ring. Thorrold can tell, for example, if a fish spent time in the open ocean before entering the less salty water of coastal areas. He can basically tell where fish are spending their time at any given stage of history. In the case of the Atlantic croaker, a popular saltwater food fish, Thorrold and his assistant have successfully followed the travelling of young fish from mid-ocean to the coast, a journey of many hundreds of miles. This is important to managers in the fish industry, who know nearly nothing about the track of the young fish for most food fish in the ocean. Eager to learn about his technology, fish scientists are now lending Thorrold their ears. How would you understand "fish scientists are now lending their ears"? | [
"They are very interested in Thorrold's research findings.",
"They want to know where they can find fish.",
"They lend their fish for chemical studies.",
"They wonder if Thorrold can find growth rings from their ears."
] | A. They are very interested in Thorrold's research findings. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_18010 | WASHINGTON-School lunches have been called many things, but a group of retired military officers is giving them a new label: national security threat. That's not a reference to the mystery meat served up in the cafeteria line either. The retired officers are saying that school lunches have helped make the nation's young people so fat that fewer of them can meet the military's physical fitness standards, and recruitment will be difficult. A new report being released Tuesday says more than 9 million young adults, or 27 percent of all Americans ages 17 to 24, are too overweight to join the military. Now, the officers are advocating for passage of a wideranging nutrition bill that aims to make the nation's school lunches healthier. The military group acknowledges that other things keep young adults out of the armed services, such as a criminal record or the lack of a high school diploma. But weight problems that have worsened over the past 15 years are now the leading medical reason that recruits are rejected. Although all branches of the military now meet or exceed recruitment goals, retired Navy Rear Adm. James Barnett Jr., a member of the officers group, says the _ trend could affect that. "When over a quarter of young adults are too fat to fight, we need to take notice," Barnett said. He noted that national security in the year 2030 is "absolutely dependent" on reversing child obesity rates. This isn't the first time the military has gotten involved in the debate over school lunches. During World War II, military leaders had the opposite problem, reporting that many recruits were rejected because of stunted growth and inadequate nutrition. After the war, military leaders pushed Congress to establish the national school lunch program so children would grow up healthier. Today, the group is urging Congress to eliminate junk food and highcalorie beverages from schools, put more money into the school lunch program and develop new strategies that help children develop healthier habits. Which of the following is the best title for the article? | [
"School lunches: a national security threat?",
"National security in danger ?",
"Retired officers tired of school lunches",
"The recruitment of 2030"
] | A. School lunches: a national security threat? | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_39709 | Where can you go to listen to important people talk about important subjects? BigThink.com is a new website that allows Internet users to discuss certain topics with world experts . Subjects discussed on BigThink include the environment, music and questions about happiness and personal identity. The website has been called a YouTube for thinkers. Victoria Brown and Peter Hopkins created BigThink.com. They said that people needed an international place to communicate with each other and discuss the important issues of our times. On the BigThink website, when you click on a subject, you will find a video of a person talking about his or her ideas. For example, you can listen to United States Senator Ted Kennedy talking about education and other things. Besides, you can read the comments and questions written by other visitors to the website. More than one hundred experts have expressed their ideas on the website. BigThink's creators started the website by first getting famous people to agree to be videoed. They began by interviewing several well-known professors from Harvard University. Then they used the names of these professors to gain the trust of others and get them to take part in the project. The website says BigThink belongs to everyone. Its motto is: "We are what you think." So, go online and start thinking big. BigThink.com was created to _ . | [
"discuss important people",
"show Internet users funny videos",
"introduce the latest IT knowledge and help Internet users solve problems",
"offer Internet users the chance to communicate with experts"
] | D. offer Internet users the chance to communicate with experts | mmlu_train |
aquarat_40802 | A man cheats while buying as well as while selling. While buying he takes 10% more than what he pays for and while selling he gives 20% less than what he claims to. Find the profit percent, if he sells at 9.09% below the cost price of the claimed weight. | [
"19.81%",
"20%",
"37.5%",
"25%",
"37.5%"
] | D. 25% | aquarat |
aquarat_26156 | A polling company found that, of 300 households surveyed, 120 spent at least $100 per month on both gasoline and electricity, 60 spent at least $100 per month on gasoline but not on electricity, and for every household that did not spend at least $100 per month on gasoline or electricity, 4 spent at least $100 per month on electricity but not on gasoline. How many of the 300 households did not spend at least $100 per month on either gasoline or electricity? | [
"24",
"30",
"36",
"90",
"96"
] | A. 24 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_92701 | A 10 g sample of aluminum and a 10 g sample of iron were each heated by 100 joules of energy. The temperature of the aluminum sample rose 11°C, while the temperature of the iron sample increased 23°C. Which statement best accounts for these results? | [
"Iron is twice as dense as aluminum.",
"Atoms of aluminum are smaller than atoms of iron.",
"Using equal masses results in similar heat capacities.",
"The specific heat of iron is less than that of aluminum."
] | D. The specific heat of iron is less than that of aluminum. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_51308 | No one would much like the idea of eating 61 pounds of tomatoes a day. But if their goodness was put into an easy-to-swallow pill that you were told might prevent strokes and heart attacks you would probably be putting in an order tomorrow. Researchers believe they may have come up with just that after trials. The daily pill contains a chemical called lycopene which makes tomatoes red and is known to break down fat in the vessels . A Cambridge University study found taking the pills improved blood flow and the lining of vessels in patients with pre-existing heart conditions. It also increased the flexibility of their vessels by 50 percent. The scientists believe it could limit the damage caused by heart disease-responsible for 180,000 deaths a year-and help cut the 49,000 deaths a year from strokes. They also hope it could benefit those with arthritis , diabetes and even slow the progress of cancer. Each pill is equal to eating around 61 pounds of ripe tomatoes. Studies have shown eating a Mediterranean-style diet rich in tomatoes fish, vegetables, nuts and olive oil can significantly reduce cholesterol and help prevent cardiovascular disease. Preliminary results from a two-month trial, in which the pill was given to 36 heart disease patients and 36 healthy volunteers with an average age of 67, were presented at a meeting of the American Heart Association. It was shown to improve the function of the endothelium- the layer of cells lining blood vessels. It also improved their sensitivity to nitric oxide, the gas which causes the enlargement of the vessels in response to exercise. Ian Wilkinson, head of Cambridge University's clinical trials unit, said "These results are potentially very significant and it meets the goal, but we need more trials to see if they translate into fewer heart attacks and strokes." Further studies are planned, with researchers hoping it could offer a choice for heart disease sufferers who can not take the cholesterol-lowing drugs. Mike Knapton, head of the British Heart Foundation, said, "Although this showed lycopene improved blood flow in people with heart disease, that's a long way from demonstrating that taking it could improve outcomes for people with heart disease. The best way to get the benefits of a good diet is to eat plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables." Who were the volunteers by taking part in the trial? | [
"Children.",
"Youth.",
"Working people.",
"old healthy people."
] | D. old healthy people. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_79477 | One day, I went to see my last patient, an old woman. In the doorway, I saw she was struggling to put socks on her swollen feet in the bed. I stepped in, spoke quickly to the nurse, read her chart noting . I was almost in the clear that she was not in serious condition. I asked, "Could I help put on your socks? How are you feeling? Your sugars and blood pressure were high but they're better today. The nurse mentioned you're anxious to see your son. He's visiting you today. It's nice to have a family visit. I think you really look forward to seeing him." "Sit down, doctor. This is my story, not yours." She said with a serious voice. I was surprised as I helped her with the socks. She told me that her only son lived across from her house, but she had not seen him for five years. She believed that was the main cause of her health problems. After hearing her story and putting on her socks, I asked if there was anything else I could do for her. She shook her head no and smiled. All she wanted me to do was to listen. Each story is different. Some are detailed and others are simple. Some have a beginning, middle and end but others don't have clear ends. Some are true but others not. Yet all those things do not really matter. What matters to the storyteller is that the story is heard -- without interruption or judgment . It was that woman who taught me the importance of stopping, sitting down and truly listening. And, not long after, in an unexpected accident, I became a patient. 20 years later, I sit all the time -- in a wheelchair. For as long as I could, I continued to see patients from my chair. I believe in the power of listening. How did the doctor know that the old woman's son was visiting her? | [
"The nurse told him.",
"The old woman told him.",
"The woman's son told him.",
"The doctor got it from her chart noting."
] | A. The nurse told him. | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_426 | Which upgrade to a school will most likely reduce the school's consumption of nonrenewable resources? | [
"solar-collection panels",
"high-speed computers",
"wireless Internet connections",
"biodegradable carpeting"
] | A. solar-collection panels | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_27198 | A fad diet is a diet that suddenly becomes popular, usually because it promises people that they will lose a lot of weight overnight. Although dieters may really show weight loss from a fad diet, they will almost certainly get back the weight if their usual eating habits remain unchanged. Moreover, fad diets continuously call for special products of questionable value or for "health foods" that may cost twice as much as supermarket foods. Worse yet, certain fad diets don't include nutrients good for health. People have been known to become very ill as a result of following medically unhealthy diets. The worse fact of fad diets, though, is that they keep people who are over-weight or sick from receiving the medical care that they truly need. In the writer's opinion, fad diets _ . | [
"are very helpful",
"are not healthy diet",
"won't cost much",
"include lots of nutrients"
] | B. are not healthy diet | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_43785 | Perhaps you have heard a lot about the Internet, but what is it? The Internet is many different networks around the world. A network is a group of computers put together. These networks joined together are called the Internet. Maybe that doesn't sound interesting. But when we've joined the Internet. There are lots of things we can do. We can have a lot of interest on the World Wide Web (www). We can use the internet instead of a library to find all kinds of information for our homework.. We can find information about our favorite sports or film stars and do shopping on the Internet. We can also send messages to other people by e-mail. It is much cheaper and quicker than calling our friends or sending letters. Thanks to the Internet, the world is becoming smaller and smaller. People can now work at home with a computer in front, getting and sending the information they need. They can buy or sell whatever they want by the Internet. But do you know 98%of the information is English? So what will English be like tomorrow? The passage is mainly about _ . | [
"the Internet",
"information",
"computers",
"e-mail"
] | A. the Internet | mmlu_train |
aquarat_24164 | John invested some money in 5% stock at 100.If David wants to invest in an equally good 10% stock ,he must purchase a stock worth of : | [
"Rs. 250",
"Rs. 200",
"Rs. 220",
"Rs. 100",
"Rs. 180"
] | B. Rs. 200 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_40449 | One of the best things you can do for your health is to drop a few pounds. Or maybe morethan a few pounds. Being overweight increases your danger of heart disease, high blood pressure, cancer,,the list seems almost endless. You'd better find several simple things you can do on a daily basis such as making rules of eating more vegetables and less fat and getting more physical activities. After breakfast, make water your primary drink. At breakfast, go ahead and drink orange juice. But throughout the rest of the day, focus on water instead of juice or soda. The average American consumes an extra 245 calories a day from soft drinks. That's nearly 90,000 calories a year -- or 25 pounds! And research shows that neither the calories nor sugary drinks give you a sense of fullness the way that food does. People take only 2,000 to 3, 000 steps a day. Adding 2,000 steps will help you keep your present weight and stop gaining weight. Adding more than that will help you lose weight. Eat five or six small meals or snacks a day instead of three large meals. A 1999 South African study found that when men ate parts of their morning meal at intervals over five hours, they consumed almost 20 percent fewer calories at lunch than when they ate a single breakfast. What is the best title of the passage? | [
"Healthy Eating Habits",
"Tips on Losing Weight",
"Daily Diet and Calories",
"Exercise Stops Diseases"
] | B. Tips on Losing Weight | mmlu_train |
aquarat_5494 | During a special promotion, a certain filling station is offering a 8 percent discount on gas purchased after the first 10 gallons. If Kim purchased 20 gallons of gas, and Isabella purchased 25 gallons of gas, then Isabella‟s total per-gallon discount is what percent of Kim‟s total per-gallon discount? | [
"80%",
"105%",
"115%",
"120%",
"140%"
] | B. 105% | aquarat |
arc_easy_1028 | Which is an example of primary ecological succession? | [
"plants and animals invading an abandoned crop field",
"mangroves stabilizing the soils on tropical coasts",
"minerals spurring rapid plant growth",
"lichen growth on rocks"
] | D. lichen growth on rocks | arc_easy |
aquarat_35736 | If it is 6:27 in the evening on a certain day, what time in the morning was it exactly 2,879,277 minutes earlier? (Assume standard time in one location.) | [
"6:22",
"6:24",
"6:27",
"6:30",
"6:32"
] | D. 6:30 | aquarat |
arc_challenge_334 | Which is true about reproduction for both an amoeba and a paramecium? | [
"Both can conjugate.",
"Neither can conjugate.",
"An amoeba can conjugate, but a paramecium cannot.",
"A paramecium can conjugate, but an amoeba cannot."
] | D. A paramecium can conjugate, but an amoeba cannot. | arc_challenge |
aquarat_12005 | The current of a stream runs at the rate of 4 kmph. A boat goes 6 km and back to the starting point in 2 hours, then find the speed of the boat in still water? | [
"6",
"5",
"8",
"9",
"4"
] | C. 8 | aquarat |
aquarat_40072 | Find the next number in the series 1, 3 ,7 ,13 ,21 ,31 | [
"43",
"33",
"41",
"45",
"51"
] | A. 43 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_9768 | There were two interesting pieces of news items in the paper a few years ago. One was about a man who received a bill from the telephone company for $ 2,000 a month for doing nothing. The connection between the two news items is simple; computers-the best invention of the 20th century. The telephone bill came from a computer which made a terrifying mistake; that man's bill was only $ 23.26. The other item was not as amusing. A man walked into the unguarded computer room of a large packaged food company and expertly programmed the computer to pay him $ 2,000 a month for raw meat which he "supplied " to the company. Of course he never sent the meat, but he certainly received the money . The computer wrote out a bill, and even "signed " it. It was only a random check that uncovered the trick. It could be happening in thousands of other companies all over the world. Computers are not the magical workers that some people say they are. They make mistakes, they're sometimes slower than human beings and they're easily fooled. The US used to conscript people with the help of a computer. The army sent out a card, which had to be filled in and sent back. It was easy to avoid being called up simply by spreading candle-wax on the card. The computer couldn't read the card, and did nothing with it. It's in our everyday life that computers cause many problems. Let's get back to using people instead of computers, before a mistake that we can't put right. Computers _ . | [
"were used to conscript people",
"are usually faster than human beings",
"are not so magical as people expect",
"were not easily controlled and always fooled human beings"
] | C. are not so magical as people expect | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_5746 | Smart phones that react to your moods and televisions that can tell it's you who's watching are in your future as Intel Corporation's top technology expert sets his sights on context-aware computing. Chief technology officer Justin Rattner showed how personal devices will one day offer advice. "How can we change the relationship so we think of these devices not as devices but as assistants or even companions?" he asked. Handheld devices could combine already common geographic location technology with data from microphones, cameras, heart and body monitors and even brain scans to offer their owners advice that today only a friend or relative could give. "Imagine a device that uses a variety of sensors to determine what you are doing at an instant, from being asleep in your bed to being out for a run with a friend, " Rattner said, "Future devices will constantly learn about who you are, how you live, work and play.'' Rattner also demonstrated a television remote control that figures out who is holding it based on how it is held, and then learns the viewer's entertainment preferences. As the world leader for decades in microchips for servers and desktop computers, Intel is hurrying to catch up in the profitable market for smart phones like Apple's iPhone and Research in Motion's Blackberry. Telephones with e-mail, global positioning and media players are pointing the way to a future where ever more functions are packed into ever smaller mobile devices. The smart phone industry, including technology giants like LG and Samsung, is likely to sell 270 million phones this year and grow 25 percent in 2011, according to market research company IDC. "I think you can expect to see features that support context-aware computing starting to appear in Intel products in the near future," Rattner said. But analysts say Intel faces an uphill battle getting its microchips into new phones as Nvidia, Marvell and Qualcomm have already made headway with cheap, lower-power processors based on designs by ARM Holdings. Rattner recognized that questions about privacy and people's willingness to be intimate with their computers will have to be settled before the future generation of smart phones he described takes off. "If you think identity threat is a problem today, imagine when your whole context is readily available on the Net.", he said. Which of the following are smart phones according to the passage? | [
"iPhone and Blackberry",
"LG and Samsung",
"Marvell and Qualcomm",
"Nvidia and ARM Holdings"
] | A. iPhone and Blackberry | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_2112 | A ball on a cart is moving at a rate of 2 m/s. The cart suddenly stops and the ball continues to travel in the same direction at the same speed. This is an example of the | [
"law of gravity.",
"first law of motion.",
"second law of motion.",
"third law of motion."
] | B. first law of motion. | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_92886 | New vaccines for diseases are being developed all the time. How do vaccines most likely help people? | [
"Vaccines help prevent illnesses.",
"Vaccines keep the environment cleaner.",
"Vaccines help cure people who are sick.",
"Vaccines kill bacteria that cause infections."
] | A. Vaccines help prevent illnesses. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_87411 | We all need to exercise. Doctors say it is good for us. It makes your heart and body strong. It also gives you more energy. And you will feel better yourself. It's best to exercise twice a week. Twenty minutes each time is enough. There are many ways to exercise. You can walk, run, play sports, or swim. Many people go to special places to exercise. They are called "fitness centers". These places have a lot of equitment. Some people buy equitment for their homes. But it is very expensive. Exercising can be fun. Friends can exercise together at fithess center. Or they can play sports together, how do you exercise? Which of these kinds of exercise is not mentioned in the article? | [
"Sports .",
"Swimming.",
"Running.",
"Dancing."
] | D. Dancing. | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1019 | The scientific name for a giraffe is Giraffa camelopardalis. What two levels of classification does this name represent? | [
"family and order",
"kingdom and genus",
"phylum and domain",
"genus and species"
] | D. genus and species | arc_easy |
aquarat_4385 | The length of a train and that of a platform are equal. If with a speed of 90 k/hr, the train crosses the platform in one minute, then the length of the train (in meters) is? | [
"757",
"758",
"718",
"750",
"738"
] | D. 750 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_54690 | On Web sites across the Internet, people can access a variety of information about you. It's in your interest to be aware of your online reputation and to take the necessary actions to make it what you want it to be. The first step in protecting or improving your online reputation is to find out what information is already posted on the Internet and to assess the impression it leaves on people. Follow these tips to monitor and evaluate your online reputation: Play the name game. Begin by typing your first and last name into several popular search engines to see where you are mentioned and in what context. Example: Robin Counts Focus your search. To get moreprecise results, put quotation marks around your name, so that the search engine reads your name as a phrase and not as two or more unrelated words that just happen to appear in the text. Example: "Robin Counts" Search all of your names. If you have ever used a different name, if you use your middle name or initial, if you use a nickname, or if your name is frequently misspelled, search all variations to make sure you don't miss anything important. Example: "Robin Counts" "Robin J. Counts" "Robin Counts Jensen" Be strategic. If your search turns up information about other people who share your name, you caneliminate many false hits by using keywords. You can add keywords that apply only to you; for example your city, your employer, or a hobby. Example: "Robin Counts" "Woodgrove Bank" "Robin counts"----skydiving Go blogging. If any of your friends, family members or coworkers have blogs or personal Web pages on social networking sites, check them out from time to time to see if they are writing about you or posting pictures of you. Be alert. Use the feature provided by some search engines that enables you to receive automatic notification of any new mention of your name or other personal information. The feature provided by some search engines can help you to | [
"prevent any new mention of your name or other personal information",
"find out any new mention of your name or other personal information.",
"know quickly any new mention of your name or other personal information",
"stop the spread of any new mention of your name or other personal information"
] | C. know quickly any new mention of your name or other personal information | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_669 | What happens when water flows over a rock for a long period of time? | [
"erosion",
"flooding",
"breakage",
"evaporation"
] | A. erosion | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_27381 | Microsoft founder Bill Gates has opened up about being a parent, stating that 13 is an appropriate age for a child's first cell phone. The 57-year-old, father-of-three, revealed on the Today Show that his children Jennifer and Rory were not allowed phones until their thirteenth birthday and his youngest daughter Phoebe is still waiting for one. "We've chosen in our family that it's 13 where you get a phone," the self-made billionaire explained. He said as a result his children often return home from school complaining: "All the other kids have it.I'm the only one without it, and it's so embarrassing." Asked if he keeps passwords to his son and daughters' email and Facebook accounts, Mr Gates said that he doesn't for Jennifer, 16, who he describes as "independent". He admitted that monitoring online activity is "a very tricky is sue for parents now." Despite their vast wealth Mr and Mrs Gates, who live in Lake Medina, just outside Seattle, Washington, have said they want to give their children as normal an upbringing as possible. It was previously reported that their youngsters have to complete household chores and are given a modest smount of pocket money. And in 2010 Mr Cates said that he intends to give most of his $ 61 billion fortune away rather than hand it down." _ wouldn't be good either for my kids or society," he said. Also during the Today Interview with host Matt Lauer, Mr Gates, who stepped down from Microsoft in 2008 to concentrate on philanthropy , said that helping others gives him same excitement as creating software. " What you really feel is what you've achieved.If a piece of software gets out there and lots of people love it-it lets them get their work done in better ways-that's exciting," he explained. Bill Gates will not let his children own a cell phone _ . | [
"until they reach the age of 13",
"if they don't really need one",
"unless they do some housework",
"before they become independent"
] | A. until they reach the age of 13 | mmlu_train |
aquarat_16399 | A student multiplied a number by 3/5 instead of 5/3. What is the percentage error in the calculation? | [
"34%",
"44%",
"54%",
"64%",
"None of these"
] | D. 64% | aquarat |
arc_easy_2050 | What causes the soil in a flood plain to be generally rich in nutrients? | [
"constantly flowing water",
"many fish in the river",
"new soil deposited by the river",
"warm water from an ocean"
] | C. new soil deposited by the river | arc_easy |
aquarat_44972 | A person purchased a TV set for Rs. 2100 and a DVD player for Rs. 300. He sold both the items together for Rs. 3168. What percentage of profit did he make? | [
"32%",
"96%",
"40%",
"75%",
"23%"
] | A. 32% | aquarat |
mmlu_train_48593 | While very young unmanned aircraft industry looks at ways to improve small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) for specific tasks such facility security, infrastructure inspection, or precision agriculture, a New Mexico-based aerospace founder is thinking bigger and longer-term ones. Titan Aerospace, a one-year-old aircraft designer, last week unveiled its Solara 50 and Solara 60 unmanned aircraft. These are two large solar-powered>> high-altitude vehicles the company plans to send up into space for weeks,months>> and eventually years at a time without ever having to land. Titan doesn't refer to these concept aircraft as "drones " or "unmanned aircraft system," but instead calls them "atmospheric satellites" for their ability to remain in the sky for extended periods of time just as orbital satellites do. The company hopes to provide a platform of less than $2 million that governments, private industry, and research institutions can put high into the atmosphere for extended periods of time for a little part of the cost of a space satellite. The idea is that an atmospheric satellite can conduct most of the same operations as an orbital one: atmospheric observation and weather monitoring, communications relay, oceanographic research, and earth imaging. Other operations are impractical for space satellites, such as border security, maritime traffic monitoring and anti-piracy operations, disaster response, or agricultural observation. And with continuous flight time of up to five years, Solara's aircraft would have endurance on par with (......) many small satellites, making them a more attractive choice for a range of these applications. "If you have to go up to the orbital satellite and rent that service>> that's a lot of money," says Dustin Sanders, Titan's chief electrical engineer. "And launching a satellite, that can cost billions of dollars. We're trying to do a single-million-dollar-per-aircraft platform. And the operation cost is almost nothing--you're paying a little money and make sure the aircraft doesn't do anything stupid. " We know from the passage that the atmospheric satellite can continue to stay in the sky for _ | [
"five years",
"six years",
"seven years",
"eight years"
] | A. five years | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_18546 | Q My daughter is a junior in high school and has been on an individualized education program since fourth grade. She plans to go to college and intends to finish with a master's degree. Her performance is fairly good, but test scores are very low. She has held many leadership and volunteer positions. We have been advised to have her write an essay about how her learning disability is a barrier that she has overcome. Will that help or hurt her chances for admission? --Deborah AFirst let me answer the question on low standardized test scores (ACT/ SAT). There are hundreds of colleges that are "test optional" which means students can choose not to release their test scores in the application process. Admission decisions at these colleges for students who do not submit their test scores are made based on other factors. A list of test optional colleges can be found atfairtest.org. It is important, however, to make sure that the college is the right fit academically regardless of the test optional policy. You also asked if your daughter should write about her disability and if this would hurt her chances of being admitted. Please know that colleges do not deny admission based on disability. "Disclosing" a learning disability in a personal statement within the college application can certainly help. By writing a personal statement, students can potentially demonstrate, for example, their understanding of the challenge they face. They might also demonstrate an improved grade trend in that subject area, and show interest in more complex courses in spite of this disability. More importantly, a student disclosure can show self-confidence, motivation and an understanding of the disability. --Ms. Kravis What do we know about Deborah's daughter? | [
"She is applying for a master's degree.",
"She is very active in her high school.",
"Her disability prevents her studying well.",
"She has difficulty overcoming her learning disability."
] | B. She is very active in her high school. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_61029 | Easter is still a great day for worship, randy in baskets and running around the yard finding eggs, but every year it gets quite a bit worse for bunnies. And no, not because the kids like to pull their ears. The _ is climate change, and some researchers found that rising temperatures arc having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the US. Take the Lower Keys March rabbit, for instance. An endangered species that lives in the Lower Florida Keys, this species of cottontail is a great swimmer -- it lives on the islands! -- but it is already severely affected by development and now by rising levels. According to the Center for Biological Diversity, an ocean level rise of only 0. 6 meters will send these guys jumping to higher ground and a 0.9-meter rise would wipe out their habitat completely. The snowshoe hare, on the other hand, has a color issue. Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the wintertime to brown in the summer, each designed to give them better cover from predators . As the number of days with snow decreases all across the country, however, more and more bunnies arc being left in white fur during brown dirt days of both fall and spring, making them an easier mark for predators. Researchers know that the color change is controlled by the number of hours of sunlight, but whether the rabbit will be able to adapt quick enough to survive is a big question. The National Wildlife Federation has reported that hunters have noticed their numbers are already markedly down. American pikas or rock rabbits, a relative of rabbits and hares, might be the firs' of these species to go extinct due to climate change. About 7-8 inches long, pikas live high in the cool, damp mountains west of the Rocky Mountains. As global temperatures rise, they would naturally migrate to higher ground -- but they already occupy the mountaintops. They can't go any higher. The National Wildlife Federation reports that they might not be able to stand the new temperatures as their habitat beats up. The volcano rabbit has the same problem. These rabbits live on the slopes of volcanoes in Mexico, and recent studies have shown that the lower range of their habitat has already shifted upward about 700 meters, but there are not suitable plants for them to move higher, so they are stuck in the middle. Scientists are concerned about their populations. Native to the US, pygmy rabbits weigh less than 1 pound and live in the American West. They are believed to be the smallest rabbits in the world. Their habitats have been destroyed by development. Several populations, such as the Columbia Basin pygmy, almost went extinct and were saved by zoo breeding programs. Pygmy rabbits also rely on winter cover by digging tunnels through the snow to escape predators, but lesser snowfall is leaving them exposed. All of this gives new meaning to dressing up in a giant bunny costume this Easter. According to the passage, some rabbits can now be easily Uncovered by predators because they _ | [
"are exposed lo more skillful hunters",
"have moved to habitats with fewer plants",
"haven't adapted themselves to climate change",
"can't change their fur color into white in the fall and the spring"
] | C. haven't adapted themselves to climate change | mmlu_train |
aquarat_23153 | An electric motor makes 3,000 revolutions per minutes. How many degrees does it rotate in one second? | [
"23.000 degrees / second",
"43.000 degrees / second",
"52.000 degrees / second",
"18.000 degrees / second",
"29.000 degrees / second"
] | D. 18.000 degrees / second | aquarat |
aquarat_50237 | A restaurant meal cost $32.50 and there was no tax. If the tip was more than 10 percent but less than 15 percent of the cost of the meal, then the total amount paid must have been between | [
"$40 and $42",
"$39 and $41",
"$38 and $40",
"$36 and $38",
"$36 and $37"
] | D. $36 and $38 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_34811 | Some people don't mind being fat. Other people can keep slim without any effort. But a lot of people do put on too much weight and don't like it. The question is, what can they do about it? Some believe exercise can be helpful. But the trouble is that it only makes you want to eat more. You might sweat out a couple of pounds playing tennis or climbing a mountain, but you put it all back on again with a big steak or bread and jam. A helpful way is food choosing. But what sort of food should you choose? Some believe that the less they eat, the slimmer they will be. They don't eat anything until they become weak with hunger. Some stick to milk and bananas. You'll find you need a lot of bananas, and unless you live where they grow, they aren't cheap. Others say that if you eat things like hard-boiled eggs, and apples with their skins on which are hard for your stomach to digest, the more you eat, the thinner you get. This is because you use up the fat in your body to get the energy to digest the food. For most of us these methods are too extreme. The simplest way is just to cut down on the carbohydrates that means not eating bread, potatoes, cakes, sugar, rice, and so on and eating anything else you like. It's straight forward and often quite effective. The practical method suggested here is _ . | [
"sticking to bananas",
"not eating many carbohydrates",
"eating as little as possible",
"eating things that are hard to digest"
] | B. not eating many carbohydrates | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_10409 | Children today spend less time outdoors than ever before and it may be harmful not only to their physical health, but also to their cognitive development. A year-long study, recently published in the Sciences, found that elementary school children who were exposed to more green space within or directly outside their school showed improved learning and memory. The findings reinforce that of a recent six-year study on 905 Massachusetts public elementary schools, which found that students in schools that had more "greenness" in their surroundings reported higher scores on standardized testing in English and math. "There is an expanding body of scientific evidence linking the human experience in the natural world to better physical and mental health and improved cognitive abilities," journalist Richard Louv, co-founder of the Children & Nature Network, said in an email to The Huffington Post. "An increasing number of homeschoolers, nature preschools, independent primary and secondary schools, and forward-thinking public schools are incorporating nature experience into learning." The new study was conducted on more than 2,500 children in second, third and fourth grade at 36 primary schools in Barcelona, Spain. Researchers found that the students who attended schools with more green space showed a 5 percent improvement in the short-term memory that's critical for reasoning, learning and comprehension. But their inattentiveness decreased slightly. Spending time outside could have a number of benefits for children beyond improved memory and attention. Another recent study found that adventurous outdoor play such as climbing, rough and tumble play, and exploring alone improves children's physical health while also help them develop creativity and social skills greatly. Some schools are starting to take notice, creating more space for children to enjoy being in nature, including community gardens, outdoor playgrounds and small parks. In which column of a newspaper can you see this article? | [
"Entertainment.",
"Travel.",
"Parenting.",
"Education."
] | D. Education. | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1664 | What is one way that humans can maintain good health? | [
"sleep all day",
"exercise daily",
"eat snacks often",
"stay up late"
] | B. exercise daily | arc_easy |
arc_easy_1812 | What process forms an image in a mirror? | [
"absorbing light",
"reflecting light",
"refracting light",
"transmitting light"
] | B. reflecting light | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_48751 | When Jeanne Calment entered the world in 1875, telephones and automobiles still lay in the future. Albert Einstein and Pablo Picasso were not yet born. The Eiffel Tower was 14 years from being built. As a teenager, she met Vincent Van Gogh, near her home in Arles, in the south of France. He was "very ugly, ungracious , impolite, sick--I forgive him, they called him loco ", she recalled. When she died last week at age 122, she was the world's eldest person. (There are others who claimed to the title, but only Calment had the official documents to prove her age.) Each February 21, her birthday, she would share the secrets of long life. Some years it was "a sense of humour", others it was "keeping busy". "God must have forgotten me," she once explained. The truth probably was that she had good genes: her mother reportedly lived to be 86 and her father 94. Her life had its sadness: she outlived her husband, her only daughter and her grandson. According to a friend, she was _ . "If you can't do anything about it," she reportedly said, "don't worry about it." In her last years she was nearly blind and deaf, but her health remained good. She ate a few bars of chocolate each week and continued smoking until a few years ago, when she could no longer light her own cigarettes. She never lost her sense of humour. On her 110thbirthday, she commented, "I've only ever had one wrinkle, and I'm sitting on it. "Her longevity made her famous; her spirit made her eternal . The author believed that Calment's longevity is mainly due to _ . | [
"a sense of humor",
"being kept busy",
"belief in God",
"good genes"
] | D. good genes | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_29237 | When Rikke Dausen in prefix = st1 /Denmarkgoes to get some milk from the fridge, she has trouble getting past the refrigerator door. But it's not because of any physical obstruction. It's usually because the PC monitor in her refrigerator's door has informed her that a new email message has arrived. Rikke and her husband are taking part in a six-month trial sponsored by a Danish firm and two Swedish partners. They hope to show that computers can be put to much more practical daily use than most people think. Fifty families and singles were provided with a free model known as the "Screenfridge" for the duration of trial. "It's really very clever", says Rikke. She can call up email, news reports, sales items at the supermarket or addressed out of the endless ocean Internet possibilities. "I'm not the type who wants to sit in front of the computer and wait 10 minutes for the modem to connect," she says. The creators of the Screenfridge aim at this type of buyer. They think the machine should attract people who have limited time to solve technical problems or surf online. The PC that is built into the door is very small. It is only two centimeters wide, and completely silent. "Everything moves quickly", as Rikke admits. "Well, the whole thing is really just an amusement", she says. "But when the thing is gone after the test, it will be pain to have to go down in the basement again to download my email". The Screenfridge is due to hit the market sometime next year. The writer gives a description of Rikke using the Screenfridge in order to _ . | [
"report Rikke's daily life",
"prove the value of PC",
"describe modern life",
"introduce the new product"
] | D. introduce the new product | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_86269 | Students who get tired of looking at the four walls of a classroom might like to take the nature course being offered by Carvel College again this summer. Groups of about a dozen students each, led by an experienced guide, will go on ten-day camping trips to the mountains to study the plants and animals that grow and live there. Students carry their own things, which includes sleeping bags, warm clothing, food and water, and other useful tools. And what do the students do all day? Well, as soon as the sun comes up, they eat breakfast and start climbing up the mountain trail to the next campground, which is five to ten miles away. As the students take notes, the guide points out different plants and animals alongside the trail. The climb is usually over by early afternoon, so the group spends the rest of the day resting or swimming in a mountain lake. Before dinner each night, they all come together and discuss the day's activities. At the end of the course, the students write reports using the information they have collected. But they don't mind at all. What they do mind is leaving the beauty of the wilderness and the good friends they've made to return to their normal lives in the city. What can we tell about the course? | [
"They will change campgrounds everyday.",
"The students have to learn all by themselves.",
"Pens and books will be useless in the course.",
"Carvel College will provide everything for the students."
] | A. They will change campgrounds everyday. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_20361 | As is known to us all, baths and bathing have long been considered of medical importance to man. In Greece there are the ruins of a water system for baths built over 3,000 years ago. The Romans had warm public baths. In some baths, as many 3,000 persons could bathe at the same time. Treating disease by taking bathing has been popular for centuries. Modern medical bathing first became popular in Europe and by the late 1700's has also become popular in the United States. For many years frequent bathing was believed to be bad for one's health. Ordinary bathing just to keep clean was avoided, and _ was often used to cover up body smells! By the 1700's doctors began to say that soap and water were good for health. They believed that it was good for people to be clean. Slowly, people began to bathe more frequently. During the Victorian Age of the late 19th century, taking a bath on Saturday night became common. In the United States ordinary bathing was slow to become popular. During the 18th and early 19th centuries, many Americans were known as "The Great Unwashed!" In one American city, for example, a person was only allowed to take a bathe every thirty days! That was a law! Frequency of bathing today is partly a matter of habit. People know that bathing for cleanliness is important to health, Doctors know that dirty bodies increase the chance of diseases. As a result, in the United States, people generally bathe often. Some people bath once a day at least. They consider a daily bath essential (="necessary)" to good health. Which of the following gives the main idea of the passage? | [
"Everybody inAmericatakes a daily bath.",
"A bath a day keeps the doctor away.",
"Bathing has become easier and cheaper.",
"Taking baths has become popular in the world."
] | D. Taking baths has become popular in the world. | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1313 | Earth is about 81 times more massive than the Moon. How will the mass and weight of a rocket on the Moon compare to its mass and weight on Earth? | [
"The mass and weight will be less on the Moon.",
"The mass and weight will be greater on the Moon.",
"The mass will be the same, but its weight will be less on the Moon.",
"The mass will be the same, but its weight will be greater on the Moon."
] | C. The mass will be the same, but its weight will be less on the Moon. | arc_easy |
aquarat_14593 | A man saves Rs 500 at the end of each year and lends the money at 5% compound interest. How
much will it become at the end of 3 years. | [
"Rs 662",
"Rs 1665.01",
"Rs 1662.02",
"Rs 1655.06",
"None of these"
] | D. Rs 1655.06 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_67663 | Island University has a competition for middle school students. Read about the competition on their website. School Competition Students! Here is your chance to help the physically disabled. Think out a robot or a machine to help them live better. There'll be three prizes. The winning schools each will get $ 15,000. Read the information below: What do you have to do? * Try to know problems faced by the physically disabled in Hong Kong. Write a 200-word article on the difficulties these people have to suffer each day. * Try to know modern inventions that help the physically disabled. Then think out a robot or a machine that will improve the lives of the physically disabled. Draw your invention. You can make as many drawings as you like to show your invention. You can even make a small model of your invention * Write a short description of your invention Who-can join? All middle school students in Hong Kong. So, come on! Join the competition, and get the chance! The aim of the activity is to _ . | [
"make the disabled know more about modern technology",
"remind people of the importance of caring for the disabled",
"encourage teenagers to use modern technology to help the disabled",
"help people learn how to help the disabled"
] | C. encourage teenagers to use modern technology to help the disabled | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_4911 | Which part of a plant cell is responsible for controlling the activities of the other parts of the cell? | [
"Vacuole",
"Nucleus",
"Cell wall",
"Chloroplast"
] | B. Nucleus | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1255 | Which of the following is the best example of a custom-made product? | [
"graphing calculator",
"light bulb",
"needle nose pliers",
"artificial leg"
] | D. artificial leg | arc_easy |
arc_easy_1858 | An organism's cells include organelles and a cell wall. In which taxonomic group or groups might the organism be classified? | [
"plants only",
"bacteria or archaea",
"plants, fungi, or protists",
"bacteria, fungi, or protists"
] | C. plants, fungi, or protists | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_86659 | We humans can play the piano . of course we play the piano with our ten fingers . But Teotronica can play with its 19 fingers . Teotronica is not a human . It is a robot . It is a special robot which can play the piano like humans . Nattei Suzzi is the inventor of Teotronica . Matteo Suzzi comes from Italy and he is more than thirty years old . He was interested in science when he was young . He always likes to use his head to create amazing things . He spent four years making the musical robot . He made the piano-playing robot at a cost of about 4,700 dollars . Teotronica is a special and great robot . It has more fingers than humans . It plays the piano faster than a human . Teotronica can sing as well when it plays the piano . It is the first robot to do so and many people feel excited to see it ,. Teotronica can even use its eyes to interact with humans because there are cameras in its eyes .Teotronica is amazing , isn't it ? How long did it take Matteo Suzzi to make Teotronica ? | [
"Two years .",
"Three years .",
"Five years .",
"Four years ."
] | D. Four years . | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1128 | Which part of a plant cell is responsible for controlling the activities of the other parts of the cell? | [
"Vacuole",
"Nucleus",
"Cell wall",
"Chloroplast"
] | B. Nucleus | arc_easy |
arc_challenge_670 | The water cycle describes the movement of the water of Earth. About 96% of the water of Earth is the salt water found in the oceans while the remaining 4% is fresh water. Where would the majority of the freshwater on Earth be found? | [
"groundwater and aquifers",
"swamps and wetlands",
"ice caps and glaciers",
"lakes and rivers"
] | C. ice caps and glaciers | arc_challenge |
aquarat_53782 | A certain sum is invested at simple interest at 18% p.a. for two years instead of investing at 12% p.a. for the same time period. Therefore the interest received is more by Rs. 300. Find the sum? | [
"7000",
"2500",
"2778",
"2800",
"2791"
] | B. 2500 | aquarat |
aquarat_29278 | Solution Y is 30 percent liquid O and 70 percent water. If 2 kilograms of water evaporate from 8 kilograms of solutions Y and 2 kilograms of solution Y are added to the remaining 6 kilograms of liquid, what percent of this new liquid solution is liquid O? | [
"30%",
"33 1/3%",
"37 1/2%",
"40%",
"50%"
] | C. 37 1/2% | aquarat |
mmlu_train_26090 | In the early days of the Internet, the idea that it represented an entirely new and separate field distinct from the real world was seized upon by both supporters and critics of the new technology.Supporters liked the idea that the virtual world was a placeless datasphere, liberated from constraints and restrictions of the real world, and an opportunity for a fresh start.For instance, John Perry Barlow, an internet activist, issued the "Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace" in February 1996.He thundered, "Governments of the industrial world, I come from cyberspace, the new home of mind.Cyberspace does not lie within your borders.We are creating a world that all may enter without privilege or prejudice accorded by race, economic power, military force, or station of birth. Where Mr.Barlow found the separation between the real and virtual worlds exciting, however, critics regarded it as a cause for concern.They worried that people were spending too much time online, communicating with people they had never even met in person in chat rooms, virtual game worlds and, more recently, on social - networking sites such as MySpace and Facebook.A study carried out by the Stanford Institute for the Quantitative Study of Society in 2000, for example, found that heavy internet users spent less time talking to friends and family, and warned that the Internet could be "the ultimate isolating( ) technology". Both groups were wrong, of course.The Internet has not turned out to be a thing apart.Unpleasant aspects of the real world, such as taxes, crime and cheating are now characteristics of the virtual world, too.C'amers who make real money selling swords, gold and other things in virtual game worlds may now find that the tax man wants to know about it.Designers of virtual objects in Second Life, an online virtual world, are seeking to real -world lawsuits in order to protect their intellectual property. At the same time, however, some of the most exciting uses of the Internet rely on combining it with the real world.Social networking allows people to stay in touch with their friends online, and plan social activities in the real world.The distinction between online and offline chatters does not matter any more. All these approaches treat the Internet as an extension or an attachment to the physical world, not a separate space.Rather than seeing the real and virtual fields as distinct and conflicting, in short, it makes sense to see them as complementary and connected. The passage suggests that critics of the new technology _ . | [
"worried that friends would never meet in person",
"believed that the Internet could isolate people online",
"worried that people would be separated from the real world",
"were concerned that people were addicted to social networks"
] | C. worried that people would be separated from the real world | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_70855 | Wearing the wrong type of glasses will do harm to your eyes. Incorrect glasses may not be good for the children under 10. You may see better with glasses that are specially made for you. Watching too much television may be bad for your eyes. This is not true for everyone. People with easily affected eyes may find they get red and achy from watching TV for long. Carrots will help you see in the dark. Carrots are rich in beta-carotene (b). The body can change beta-carotene into vitamin A, and too little beta-carotene can cause night blindness. However, a lot of research shows that night blindness is more likely to be connected with some other vision problems. Watching TV for a long time may cause _ . | [
"night blindness",
"easily affected eyes",
"no eye trouble for some people",
"vision problems for everyone"
] | B. easily affected eyes | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_48193 | Riding School: You can start horse--riding at any age.Choose private or group lessons any weekday between 9 a.m.and 8:30 P.m.(3:30 p.m.on Saturdays).There are 10 kilometers of tracks and paths for leisurely rides across farmland and open country.You will need a riding hat. Opening Hours:Monday through Friday:9:00 a.m.--8:30 p.m. Phone:(412)396--6754 Fax :(412)396--6752 Sailing Club: Our Young Sailor's Course leads to the Stage 1 Sailing qualification .You'll learn how to sail safely and the course also covers sailing theory and first aid.Have fun with other course members , afterwards in the clubroom.There are 10 weekly two-hour 1essons (Tuesdays 6 p.m.~8 p.m.). Opening Hours:Tuesdays:6:00 p.m.--8:00 p.m. Phone:(412)396--6644 Fax:(412)396--6644 Diving Centre: Our experienced instructors offer one-month courses in deep-sea diving for beginners.There are two evening lessons a week,in which you learn to breathe underwater and use the equipment safely.You only need swimming costume and towel.Reduced rates for couples. Opening Hours:Monday and Friday:6:30 p.m.--8:30 p.m. Phone:(412)396--6312 Fax:(412)396--6706 Medical Center: The staff of the Medical Center aim to provide convenient and comprehensive medical care to students and staff of the university.The center is well equipped and the staff here are trained to deal with a broad range of medical problems.Both female and male doctors as well as nursing staff are available for consultation .Also,all kinds of medicines are sold here and are cheaper for students than other drugstores. Opening Hours:24 hours from Monday to Sunday Phone:(412)396--6649 Fax:(412)396--6648 Water sports Club: We use a two-kilometer length of river for speedboat racing,and water-skiing,A beginners' course consists of ten 20-minute lessons.You will learn to handle boats safely and confidently,but must be able to swim.The club is in a convenient central position and is open daily from 9 a.m to 4 p.m,with lessons all through the day. Opening Hours:Monday through Friday:9:00 a.m.--4:00 p.m. .If you are planning to explore the ocean depths, you should attend your lessons at _ . | [
"Monday through Friday:7:00 a.m.--10:00 p.m.",
"24 hour from Monday to Sunday",
"Tuesdays:6:00 p.m.--8:00 p.m.",
"Monday and Friday:6:30 p.m.--8:30 p.m."
] | D. Monday and Friday:6:30 p.m.--8:30 p.m. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_40554 | A number is doubled and 5 is added. If the resultant is trebled, it becomes 105. What is that number? | [
"9",
"15",
"18",
"None of these",
"Cannot be determined"
] | B. 15 | aquarat |
arc_easy_1341 | When a tree suffers from a decreased ability to transport materials within the phloem, what is directly impacted? | [
"volume of water in the xylem",
"flow of necessary nutrients",
"response to environmental factors",
"rate of photosynthesis in leaves"
] | B. flow of necessary nutrients | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_99340 | specialized tissues at the ends of plant stems are used for growing taller by what? | [
"boots",
"people",
"animals",
"flora"
] | D. flora | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_327 | Which statement identifies an energy source as renewable? | [
"Oil, because it is found underground.",
"Wind, because it is always available.",
"Water, because it is becoming scarce.",
"Coal, because it was formed from plants."
] | B. Wind, because it is always available. | arc_easy |
aquarat_13355 | If xy=9, x/y=36, for positive numbers x and y, y=? | [
"1/2",
"2",
"1/3",
"3",
"1/6"
] | A. 1/2 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_40010 | Planet Earth would be a scary place for humans if dinosaurs still ruled the world. Though there are still some traces of life from the Jurassic Period, the Age of Dinosaurs more than 65 million years ago. This mass extinction is believed to be the result of an asteriod hitting Earth. A new report by the journal Biological Reviews called " The Extinction of Dinosaurs" concludes that this impact was, indeed, the cause of the dinosaurs' _ . But the space blast wasn't the only reason these creatures aren't still around today. Dinosaurs need food to survive. Meat-eating monsters like the Tyrannosaurus Rex were at the top of the food chain, and fed off plant eaters like the horned Triceratops . These herbivores were decreasing in population after the asteroid hit Earth, which left the meat-eating species less food to survive on. "In any ecosystem where you remove links to key species, that community has problems," Richard Butler, one of the review's authors, told National Ceographic. While the herbivore population was going down, Earth's temperatures were rising when volcanoes erupted. Hot vapors and gases began wiping out some of the dinosaur population and weakening the survivors. These changes made the asteroid's impact especially powerful. It caused more volcanoes to erupt, heated up Earth's atmosphere, and led to a sharp drop in the level of oxygen in the oceans. With the dinosaurs gone, mammals began to evolve into bigger and more diverse species. Many animals we see today, like birds, sharks, and even some cats and dogs, appeared after the asteroid hit Earth. But none rule Earth quite like the dinosaurs did.. What was the negative effect of the asteroid hitting Earth? | [
"Oceans became too hot for animals.",
"There was less oxygen in the oceans.",
"Earth's climate became violent.",
"The majority of the plants gradually died out."
] | B. There was less oxygen in the oceans. | mmlu_train |
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