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As with many Emergency Medical Service (EMS) innovations, treating patients in flight originated in the military. The concept of using aircraft as ambulances is almost as old as powered flight itself. Although balloons were not used to evacuate wounded soldiers at the Siege of Paris in 1870, air evacuation was experime... | Air medical services | Wikipedia | 399 | 32993239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20medical%20services | Technology | Transport | null |
Knowledge and expertise of use of air ambulances evolved parallel to the aircraft themselves. By 1969, in Vietnam, the use of specially trained medical corpsmen and helicopter air ambulances led U.S. researchers to determine that servicemen wounded in battle had better rates of survival than motorists injured on Califo... | Air medical services | Wikipedia | 172 | 32993239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20medical%20services | Technology | Transport | null |
The first civilian uses of aircraft as ambulances were probably incidental. In northern Canada, Australia, and in Scandinavian countries, remote, sparsely populated settlements are often inaccessible by road for months at a time, or even year-round. In some places in Scandinavia, particularly in Norway, the primary mea... | Air medical services | Wikipedia | 350 | 32993239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20medical%20services | Technology | Transport | null |
Two research programs were implemented in the U.S. to assess the impact of medical helicopters on mortality and morbidity in the civilian arena. Project CARESOM was established in Mississippi in 1969. Three helicopters were purchased through a federal grant and located strategically in the north, central, and southern ... | Air medical services | Wikipedia | 438 | 32993239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20medical%20services | Technology | Transport | null |
The first civilian, hospital-based medical helicopter program in the United States began operation in 1972. Flight For Life Colorado began with a single Alouette III helicopter, based at St. Anthony Central Hospital in Denver, Colorado. In Ontario, Canada, the air ambulance program began in 1977, and featured a paramed... | Air medical services | Wikipedia | 477 | 32993239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20medical%20services | Technology | Transport | null |
In some cases, governments provide air ambulance services, either directly or via a negotiated contract with a commercial service provider, such as an aircraft charter company. Such services may focus on critical care patient transport, support ground-based EMS on scenes, or may perform a combination of these roles. I... | Air medical services | Wikipedia | 473 | 32993239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20medical%20services | Technology | Transport | null |
In other cases, the paramedic staffs the aircraft full-time, but has a dual function. In the case of the Maryland State Police, for example, the flight paramedic is a serving State Trooper whose job is to act as the Observer Officer on a police helicopter when not required for medical emergencies.
Fee-for-service
In... | Air medical services | Wikipedia | 487 | 32993239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20medical%20services | Technology | Transport | null |
Great strides have been made in the UK, with the 'Association of Air Ambulance (AAA)'. This organization is widely credited for having created the political climate that made the helicopter industry and National Health Service recognise the enormous contribution charities make to trauma care in the United Kingdom. In ... | Air medical services | Wikipedia | 511 | 32993239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20medical%20services | Technology | Transport | null |
Aircraft and flight crews
In most jurisdictions, air ambulance pilots must have a great deal of experience in piloting their aircraft because the conditions of air ambulance flights are often more challenging than regular non-emergency flight services. After a spike in air ambulance crashes in the United States in the ... | Air medical services | Wikipedia | 466 | 32993239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20medical%20services | Technology | Transport | null |
In the UK, the AAA has a Code of Conduct that binds one of the most regulated areas of operation together. It brings the Fundraising Standards Board, CAA / EASA and the CQC together ensuring fundraising, air and clinical operations are in line with national regulation and best practice. The code goes further with an ex... | Air medical services | Wikipedia | 497 | 32993239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20medical%20services | Technology | Transport | null |
There are a large variety of helicopter makes that are used for the civilian HEMS models. The commonly used types are the Bell 206, 407, and 429, Eurocopter AS350, BK117, EC130, EC135, EC145, and the Agusta Westland 109, 169 & 139, MD Explorer and Sikorsky S-76. Fixed-wing aircraft varieties commonly include the Learj... | Air medical services | Wikipedia | 420 | 32993239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20medical%20services | Technology | Transport | null |
Patient survival versus ground ambulance
Although cost-effectiveness may be a consideration in some contexts, in the United States, the primary measure of effectiveness is patient outcomes. Improvements in ground ambulance prehospital care have created uncertainty as to whether helicopter emergency medical services tra... | Air medical services | Wikipedia | 494 | 32993239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20medical%20services | Technology | Transport | null |
Personnel
The medical personnel of a helicopter ambulance has historically been a Physician/Nurse combination, Paramedic/Nurse, or a Nurse/Nurse combination. The need for a Physician/Nurse combination has diminished with more protocol and evidence-based applications for care by nurses and other clinicians and so the i... | Air medical services | Wikipedia | 467 | 32993239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20medical%20services | Technology | Transport | null |
Civilian flight nurses
Civilian flight nurses may work for hospitals, federal, state, and local governments, private medical evacuation firms, fire departments or other agencies. They have training and medical direction that allows them to operate with a broader scope of practice and more autonomy than many other nurse... | Air medical services | Wikipedia | 400 | 32993239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20medical%20services | Technology | Transport | null |
The skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) is a perciform fish in the tuna family, Scombridae, and is the only member of the genus Katsuwonus. It is also known as katsuo, arctic bonito, mushmouth, oceanic bonito, striped tuna or victor fish. It grows up to 1 m (3 ft) in length. It is a cosmopolitan pelagic fish found in tr... | Skipjack tuna | Wikipedia | 478 | 2038497 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skipjack%20tuna | Biology and health sciences | Acanthomorpha | Animals |
Skipjack is the most fecund of the main commercial tunas, and its population is considered sustainable against its current consumption. Its fishing is still controversial due to the methodology, with rod and reel or fishery options being promoted as ecologically preferable.
Purse seine methods are considered unsustain... | Skipjack tuna | Wikipedia | 460 | 2038497 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skipjack%20tuna | Biology and health sciences | Acanthomorpha | Animals |
Other places
In Indonesian cuisine, skipjack tuna is known as cakalang. The most popular Indonesian dish made from skipjack tuna is cakalang fufu from Minahasa. It is a cured and smoked skipjack tuna dish, made by cooking the fish after clipping it to a bamboo frame. Skipjack known as kalhubilamas in Maldives is integr... | Skipjack tuna | Wikipedia | 156 | 2038497 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skipjack%20tuna | Biology and health sciences | Acanthomorpha | Animals |
Spherical astronomy, or positional astronomy, is a branch of observational astronomy used to locate astronomical objects on the celestial sphere, as seen at a particular date, time, and location on Earth. It relies on the mathematical methods of spherical trigonometry and the measurements of astrometry.
This is the ol... | Spherical astronomy | Wikipedia | 425 | 2039039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical%20astronomy | Physical sciences | Celestial sphere: General | Astronomy |
Positional phenomena
Planets which are in conjunction form a line which passes through the center of the Solar System.
The ecliptic is the plane which contains the orbit of a planet, usually in reference to Earth.
Elongation refers to the angle formed by a planet, with respect to the system's center and a viewing p... | Spherical astronomy | Wikipedia | 184 | 2039039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical%20astronomy | Physical sciences | Celestial sphere: General | Astronomy |
Theoretical astronomy is the use of analytical and computational models based on principles from physics and chemistry to describe and explain astronomical objects and astronomical phenomena. Theorists in astronomy endeavor to create theoretical models and from the results predict observational consequences of those mo... | Theoretical astronomy | Wikipedia | 466 | 2039133 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical%20astronomy | Physical sciences | Astronomy basics | Astronomy |
Astrochemistry, the overlap of the disciplines of astronomy and chemistry, is the study of the abundance and reactions of chemical elements and molecules in space, and their interaction with radiation. The formation, atomic and chemical composition, evolution and fate of molecular gas clouds, is of special interest bec... | Theoretical astronomy | Wikipedia | 498 | 2039133 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical%20astronomy | Physical sciences | Astronomy basics | Astronomy |
Tools of theoretical astronomy
Theoretical astronomers use a wide variety of tools which include analytical models (for example, polytropes to approximate the behaviors of a star) and computational numerical simulations. Each has some advantages. Analytical models of a process are generally better for giving insight in... | Theoretical astronomy | Wikipedia | 496 | 2039133 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical%20astronomy | Physical sciences | Astronomy basics | Astronomy |
Thermodynamics for stationary black holes
A general form of the first law of thermodynamics for stationary black holes can be derived from the microcanonical functional integral for the gravitational field. The boundary data
the gravitational field as described with a microcanonical system in a spatially finite region... | Theoretical astronomy | Wikipedia | 457 | 2039133 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical%20astronomy | Physical sciences | Astronomy basics | Astronomy |
Chemistry in cometary comae
The chemical composition of comets should reflect both the conditions in the outer solar nebula some 4.5 × 109 ayr, and the nature of the natal interstellar cloud from which the Solar System was formed. While comets retain a strong signature of their ultimate interstellar origins, significan... | Theoretical astronomy | Wikipedia | 435 | 2039133 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical%20astronomy | Physical sciences | Astronomy basics | Astronomy |
Theoretical physical astronomy
Like theoretical chemical astronomy, the lines of conceptual understanding between theoretical astrophysics and theoretical physical astronomy are often blurred, but, again, there are subtle differences between these two sciences. Theoretical physics as applied to astronomy seeks to find ... | Theoretical astronomy | Wikipedia | 381 | 2039133 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical%20astronomy | Physical sciences | Astronomy basics | Astronomy |
From the Systeme Internationale (SI) comes the second as defined by the duration of 9 192 631 770 cycles of a particular hyperfine structure transition in the ground state of caesium-133 (133Cs). For practical usability a device is required that attempts to produce the SI second (s) such as an atomic clock. But not all... | Theoretical astronomy | Wikipedia | 461 | 2039133 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical%20astronomy | Physical sciences | Astronomy basics | Astronomy |
The currently defined IAU time scales also include Terrestrial Time (TT) (replacing TDT, and now defined as a re-scaling of TCG, chosen to give TT a rate that matches the SI second when observed at the Earth's surface), and a redefined Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB), a re-scaling of TCB to give TDB a rate that matche... | Theoretical astronomy | Wikipedia | 434 | 2039133 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical%20astronomy | Physical sciences | Astronomy basics | Astronomy |
The superiority of satellite navigation systems to astronomical navigation are currently undeniable, especially with the development and use of GPS/NAVSTAR. This global satellite system
enables automated three-dimensional positioning at any moment,
automatically determines position continuously (every second or even ... | Theoretical astronomy | Wikipedia | 499 | 2039133 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical%20astronomy | Physical sciences | Astronomy basics | Astronomy |
Hydrogen (H) has three naturally occurring isotopes: H, H, and H. H and H are stable, while H has a half-life of years. Heavier isotopes also exist; all are synthetic and have a half-life of less than 1 zeptosecond (10 s).
Of these, H is the least stable, while H is the most.
Hydrogen is the only element whose isotop... | Isotopes of hydrogen | Wikipedia | 496 | 2039690 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes%20of%20hydrogen | Physical sciences | s-Block | Chemistry |
The proton has never been observed to decay, so H is considered stable. Some Grand Unified Theories proposed in the 1970s predict that proton decay can occur with a half-life between and years. If so, then H (and all nuclei now believed to be stable) are only observationally stable. As of 2018, experiments have shown... | Isotopes of hydrogen | Wikipedia | 465 | 2039690 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes%20of%20hydrogen | Physical sciences | s-Block | Chemistry |
Tritium can be used in chemical and biological labeling experiments as a radioactive tracer. Deuterium–tritium fusion uses H and H as its main reactants, giving energy through the loss of mass when the two nuclei collide and fuse at high temperatures.
Hydrogen-4
H (atomic mass ), with one proton and three neutrons, i... | Isotopes of hydrogen | Wikipedia | 489 | 2039690 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes%20of%20hydrogen | Physical sciences | s-Block | Chemistry |
The Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) is species of fish in the family Scomberesocidae. Saury is a seafood in several East Asian cuisines and is also known by the name mackerel pike.
Biology
Saury is a fish with a small mouth, an elongated body, a series of small finlets between the dorsal and anal fins, and a small f... | Pacific saury | Wikipedia | 458 | 2041030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific%20saury | Biology and health sciences | Acanthomorpha | Animals |
Pacific saury is known as sanma (さんま/サンマ) or saira (さいら/サイラ) in Japanese. The kanji used in the Japanese name of the fish (秋刀魚) literally translates as "autumn knife fish," as its body shape resembles a katana.
Saury is one of the most prominent seasonal foods representing autumn in Japanese cuisine. It is most commo... | Pacific saury | Wikipedia | 457 | 2041030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific%20saury | Biology and health sciences | Acanthomorpha | Animals |
Called saira (сайра) in Russian, Pacific saury is popular in Russia, which directly access the Pacific Ocean. In Russia, it is sold canned with salt and spice, sometimes with the addition of vegetable oil or tomato sauce. It is also eaten smoked.
United Kingdom
Pacific saury is used as bait for pike and sea fishing. ... | Pacific saury | Wikipedia | 279 | 2041030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific%20saury | Biology and health sciences | Acanthomorpha | Animals |
A social networking service (SNS), or social networking site, is a type of online social media platform which people use to build social networks or social relationships with other people who share similar personal or career content, interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections.
Social networking servic... | Social networking service | Wikipedia | 474 | 2041117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20networking%20service | Technology | Internet | null |
The main types of social networking services contain category places (such as age or occupation or religion), means to connect with friends (usually with self-description pages), and a recommendation system linked to trust. One can categorize social-network services into four types:
socialization social network servi... | Social networking service | Wikipedia | 460 | 2041117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20networking%20service | Technology | Internet | null |
In the late 1990s, user profiles became a central feature of social networking sites, allowing users to compile lists of "friends" and search for other users with similar interests. New social networking methods were developed by the end of the 1990s, and many sites began to develop more advanced features for users to ... | Social networking service | Wikipedia | 304 | 2041117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20networking%20service | Technology | Internet | null |
Web-based social networking services make it possible to connect people who share interests and activities across political, economic, and geographic borders. Through e-mail and instant messaging, online communities are created where a gift economy and reciprocal altruism are encouraged through cooperation. Information... | Social networking service | Wikipedia | 512 | 2041117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20networking%20service | Technology | Internet | null |
A 2015 study shows that 85% of people aged 18 to 34 use social networking sites for their purchase decision making. While over 65% of people aged 55 and over-rely on word of mouth. Several websites are beginning to tap into the power of the social networking model for philanthropy. Such models provide a means for conne... | Social networking service | Wikipedia | 477 | 2041117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20networking%20service | Technology | Internet | null |
According to a recent article from Computers in Human Behavior, Facebook has also been shown to lead to issues of social comparison. Users are able to select which photos and status updates to post, allowing them to portray their lives in acclamatory manners. These updates can lead to other users feeling like their li... | Social networking service | Wikipedia | 381 | 2041117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20networking%20service | Technology | Internet | null |
Typical features
According to boyd and Ellison's 2007 article, "Why Youth (Heart) Social Network Sites: The Role of Networked Publics in Teenage Social Life", social networking sites share a variety of technical features that allow individuals to: construct a public/semi-public profile, articulate a list of other users... | Social networking service | Wikipedia | 510 | 2041117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20networking%20service | Technology | Internet | null |
While the popularity of social networking consistently rises, new uses for the technology are frequently being observed. Today's technologically savvy population requires convenient solutions to their daily needs. At the forefront of emerging trends in social networking sites is the concept of "real-time web" and "loca... | Social networking service | Wikipedia | 381 | 2041117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20networking%20service | Technology | Internet | null |
Foursquare gained popularity as it allowed for users to check into places that they are frequenting at that moment. Gowalla is another such service that functions in much the same way that Foursquare does, leveraging the GPS in phones to create a location-based user experience. Clixtr, though in the real-time space, is... | Social networking service | Wikipedia | 488 | 2041117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20networking%20service | Technology | Internet | null |
Science
One other use that is being discussed is the use of social networks in the science communities. Julia Porter Liebeskind et al. have published a study on how new biotechnology firms are using social networking sites to share exchanges in scientific knowledge. They state in their study that by sharing information... | Social networking service | Wikipedia | 386 | 2041117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20networking%20service | Technology | Internet | null |
Education
The advent of social networking platforms may also be impacting the ways in which learners engage with technology in general. For a number of years, Prensky's (2001) dichotomy between Digital Natives and Digital Immigrants has been considered a relatively accurate representation of the ease with which people ... | Social networking service | Wikipedia | 439 | 2041117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20networking%20service | Technology | Internet | null |
Professional use of social networking services refers to the employment of a network site to connect with other professionals within a given field of interest. These type of social networking services are referred to as "Career-oriented social networking markets (CSNM)".
LinkedIn is one example and is a social networki... | Social networking service | Wikipedia | 411 | 2041117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20networking%20service | Technology | Internet | null |
Curriculum use
According to Doering, Beach, and O'Brien, a future English curriculum needs to recognize a significant shift in how adolescents are communicating with each other. Curriculum uses of social networking services can also include sharing curriculum-related resources. Educators tap into user-generated content... | Social networking service | Wikipedia | 470 | 2041117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20networking%20service | Technology | Internet | null |
Social networking services foster learning through what Jenkins (2006) describes as a "participatory culture". A participatory culture consists of a space that allows engagement, sharing, mentoring, and an opportunity for social interaction. Participants of social network services avail of this opportunity. Informal le... | Social networking service | Wikipedia | 462 | 2041117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20networking%20service | Technology | Internet | null |
Recent research suggests that there has been a shift in blocking the use of social networking services. In many cases, the opposite is occurring as the potential of online networking services is being realized. It has been suggested that if schools block them [social networking services], they are preventing students f... | Social networking service | Wikipedia | 512 | 2041117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20networking%20service | Technology | Internet | null |
Hosting service
A social network hosting service is a web hosting service that specifically hosts the user creation of web-based social networking services, alongside related applications.
Trade network
A social trade network is a service that allows participants interested in specific trade sectors to share related c... | Social networking service | Wikipedia | 397 | 2041117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20networking%20service | Technology | Internet | null |
Users do not necessarily share with others the content which is of most interest to them, but rather that which projects a good impression of themselves. While everyone agrees that social networking has had a significant impact on social interaction, there remains a substantial disagreement as to whether the nature of ... | Social networking service | Wikipedia | 421 | 2041117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20networking%20service | Technology | Internet | null |
The Centers for Disease Control demonstrated the importance of vaccinations on the popular children's site Whyville and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has a virtual island on Second Life where people can explore caves or explore the effects of global warming. Likewise, NASA has taken advantage of a... | Social networking service | Wikipedia | 362 | 2041117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20networking%20service | Technology | Internet | null |
Many social networks provide an online environment for people to communicate and exchange personal information for dating purposes. Intentions can vary from looking for a one time date, short-term relationships, and long-term relationships. Most of these social networks, just like online dating services, require users ... | Social networking service | Wikipedia | 374 | 2041117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20networking%20service | Technology | Internet | null |
Educational applications
The National School Boards Association reports that almost 60% of students who use social networking talk about education topics online, and more than 50% talk specifically about schoolwork. Yet the vast majority of school districts have stringent rules against nearly all forms of social networ... | Social networking service | Wikipedia | 353 | 2041117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20networking%20service | Technology | Internet | null |
Medical and health applications
Social networks are beginning to be adopted by healthcare professionals as a means to manage institutional knowledge, disseminate peer to peer knowledge and to highlight individual physicians and institutions. The advantage of using a dedicated medical social networking site is that all ... | Social networking service | Wikipedia | 475 | 2041117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20networking%20service | Technology | Internet | null |
Perhaps the most significant political application of social media is Barack Obama's election campaign in 2008. It was the first of its kind, as it successfully incorporated social media into its campaign winning strategy, evolving the way of political campaigns forevermore in the ever-changing technological world we f... | Social networking service | Wikipedia | 441 | 2041117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20networking%20service | Technology | Internet | null |
Research has shown that 66% of social media users actively engage in political activity online, and like many other behaviors, online activities translate into offline ones. With research from the 'MacArthur Research Network on Youth and Participatory Politics' stating that young people who are politically active onlin... | Social networking service | Wikipedia | 409 | 2041117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20networking%20service | Technology | Internet | null |
The Bengal monitor (Varanus bengalensis), also called the Indian monitor, is a species of monitor lizard distributed widely in the Indian subcontinent, as well as parts of Southeast Asia and West Asia.
Description
The Bengal monitor can reach with a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of and a tail of . Males are generally... | Bengal monitor | Wikipedia | 493 | 2042384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal%20monitor | Biology and health sciences | Lizards and other Squamata | Animals |
The lungs have spongy tissue unlike the sacs of other saurians. This allows for a greater rate of gas exchange and allows a faster metabolic rate and higher activity levels. Like all monitors, they have subpleurodont teeth, meaning the teeth are fused to the inside of the jaw bones. The teeth are placed one behind anot... | Bengal monitor | Wikipedia | 361 | 2042384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal%20monitor | Biology and health sciences | Lizards and other Squamata | Animals |
Ecology and behaviour
Bengal monitors are usually solitary and usually found on the ground, although the young are often seen on trees. Clouded monitors by contrast have a greater propensity for tree climbing. Bengal and yellow monitors are sympatric but are partially separated by their habitat as Bengal monitors pref... | Bengal monitor | Wikipedia | 505 | 2042384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal%20monitor | Biology and health sciences | Lizards and other Squamata | Animals |
Bengal monitors tend to remain active the whole day. Large adults may ascend vertical tree trunks, where they sometimes stalk and capture roosting bats. The species is a generalist, and feeds on a varied diet of invertebrates and vertebrates. Invertebrate prey mostly consists of beetles and their larvae followed by ort... | Bengal monitor | Wikipedia | 506 | 2042384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal%20monitor | Biology and health sciences | Lizards and other Squamata | Animals |
The Bengal monitor is listed on Schedule I of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 and on Appendix I of CITES.
In culture
The lizard is known as bis-cobra in western India, Goyra in Rajasthan, or in Bangladesh and West Bengal, goh in both Punjab, India, Punjab, Pakistan and Bihar, as ghorpad in Maharashtra and as T... | Bengal monitor | Wikipedia | 313 | 2042384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal%20monitor | Biology and health sciences | Lizards and other Squamata | Animals |
Nigella sativa (black caraway, also known as black cumin, nigella, kalonji, charnushka) is an annual flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to eastern Europe (Bulgaria and Romania) and western Asia (Cyprus, Turkey, Iran and Iraq), but naturalized over a much wider area, including parts of Europe, northern ... | Nigella sativa | Wikipedia | 497 | 2043244 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigella%20sativa | Biology and health sciences | Herbs and spices | Plants |
History
Archaeological evidence about the earliest cultivation of N. sativa dates back three millennia, with N. sativa seeds found in several sites from ancient Egypt, including the Tomb of Tutankhamun. Seeds were found in a Hittite flask in Turkey from the second millennium BC.
N. sativa may have been used as a condi... | Nigella sativa | Wikipedia | 358 | 2043244 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigella%20sativa | Biology and health sciences | Herbs and spices | Plants |
Potassium citrate (also known as tripotassium citrate) is a potassium salt of citric acid with the molecular formula K3C6H5O7. It is a white, hygroscopic crystalline powder. It is odorless with a saline taste. It contains 38.28% potassium by mass. In the monohydrate form, it is highly hygroscopic and deliquescent.
As ... | Potassium citrate | Wikipedia | 489 | 2044863 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium%20citrate | Physical sciences | Citrates | Chemistry |
Administration
Potassium citrate liquid is usually administered by mouth in a diluted aqueous solution, because of its somewhat caustic effect on the stomach lining, and the potential for other mild health hazards. Pill tablets also exist in normal, and extended-release formulations. | Potassium citrate | Wikipedia | 56 | 2044863 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium%20citrate | Physical sciences | Citrates | Chemistry |
Saba banana (pron. or ) is a triploid hybrid (ABB) banana cultivar originating from the Philippines. It is primarily a cooking banana, though it can also be eaten raw. It is one of the most important banana varieties in Philippine cuisine. It is also sometimes known as the "cardaba banana", though the latter name is m... | Saba banana | Wikipedia | 455 | 30413568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saba%20banana | Biology and health sciences | Tropical and tropical-like fruit | Plants |
'Saba' is known in English as saba, cardaba, sweet plantain, compact banana, and papaya banana. Saba is also known by other common names such as saba, sab-a, or kardaba in Filipino; biu gedang saba in Javanese; pisang nipah or pisang abu in Malaysian; dippig in Ilocano; burro or rulo in Mexico; pisang kepok in Indonesi... | Saba banana | Wikipedia | 489 | 30413568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saba%20banana | Biology and health sciences | Tropical and tropical-like fruit | Plants |
Pests and diseases
In comparison to most other types of cooking bananas, saba bananas are highly resistant to black sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fifiensis) and are more tolerant of drought conditions and soil nutrient deficiencies. As such, they are viewed as a possible source for breeding new hybrid cultivars to replace m... | Saba banana | Wikipedia | 150 | 30413568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saba%20banana | Biology and health sciences | Tropical and tropical-like fruit | Plants |
Fe'i bananas (also spelt Fehi or Féi) are cultivated plants in the genus Musa, used mainly for their fruit. They are very distinct in appearance and origin from the majority of bananas and plantains currently grown. Found mainly in the islands of the Pacific, particularly French Polynesia, Fe'i bananas have skins which... | Fe'i banana | Wikipedia | 505 | 30414731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fe%27i%20banana | Biology and health sciences | Tropical and tropical-like fruit | Plants |
One of the earliest detailed accounts of the genus Musa was by the German-Dutch botanist Georg E. Rumpf (c.1627–1702), usually known by the Latinized name Rumphius. His Herbarium amboinensis was published in 1747, after his death. His figure and description of a "species" under the name "Musa Uranoscopos" (meaning "hea... | Fe'i banana | Wikipedia | 382 | 30414731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fe%27i%20banana | Biology and health sciences | Tropical and tropical-like fruit | Plants |
Synonyms of M. troglodytarum are:
"M. uranoscopos" Rumphius (1747) – published before 1753, so not an acceptable name
M. uranoscopos Lour. (1790) – a superfluous name because it was provided as an alternative name to Linnaeus', hence illegitimate; Loureiro's description is based on a different plant, M. coccinea
M. ura... | Fe'i banana | Wikipedia | 476 | 30414731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fe%27i%20banana | Biology and health sciences | Tropical and tropical-like fruit | Plants |
Fe'i bananas are mainly found from the Maluku Islands (Moluccas) in the west to French Polynesia in the east, particularly the Society Islands and the Marquesas Islands. They have been important both as a staple and as a ceremonial food, although their cultivation and use has sharply declined in recent decades. As the ... | Fe'i banana | Wikipedia | 379 | 30414731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fe%27i%20banana | Biology and health sciences | Tropical and tropical-like fruit | Plants |
Federated States of Micronesia, particularly Pohnpei:
Karat type cultivars
'Karat Kole' or 'Karat Pwono' – round-shaped banana, flesh orange-yellow
'Karat Pako' – longer banana, skin rough, flesh orange-yellow
'Karat Pwekhu' – smaller banana, flesh orange-yellow
Utin Iap type cultivars
'Utin Iap' or 'Uht En Yap' – cone... | Fe'i banana | Wikipedia | 492 | 30414731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fe%27i%20banana | Biology and health sciences | Tropical and tropical-like fruit | Plants |
In countries where Fe'i bananas were once a major food item, there has been a shift away from eating traditional foods towards eating imported foods. Bananas with whiter flesh are preferred over traditional varieties with deeply coloured flesh. One issue with Fe'i bananas is that eating them causes the production of ye... | Fe'i banana | Wikipedia | 439 | 30414731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fe%27i%20banana | Biology and health sciences | Tropical and tropical-like fruit | Plants |
The early European explorers of the Pacific islands produced a few accounts of Fe'i bananas. In 1768, Daniel Solander accompanied Joseph Banks on James Cook's first voyage to the Pacific Ocean aboard the Endeavour. In the account he published later, he noted five kinds of banana or plantain called "Fe'i" by the Tahitia... | Fe'i banana | Wikipedia | 466 | 30414731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fe%27i%20banana | Biology and health sciences | Tropical and tropical-like fruit | Plants |
The bright orange-red colours of Fe'i bananas make them attractive to artists. The French Post-Impressionist painter Paul Gauguin visited the Society Islands, including Tahiti, towards the end of the 19th century. Three of his works include what are considered to be Fe'i bananas: Le Repas (The Meal, 1891), La Orana Mar... | Fe'i banana | Wikipedia | 282 | 30414731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fe%27i%20banana | Biology and health sciences | Tropical and tropical-like fruit | Plants |
Rubia tinctorum, the rose madder or common madder or dyer's madder, is a herbaceous perennial plant species belonging to the bedstraw and coffee family Rubiaceae.
Description
The common madder can grow up to 1.5 m in height. The evergreen leaves are approximately 5–10 cm long and 2–3 cm broad, produced in whorls of 4... | Rubia tinctorum | Wikipedia | 425 | 27634693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubia%20tinctorum | Biology and health sciences | Gentianales | Plants |
The pulverised roots can be dissolved in sulfuric acid, which leaves a dye called garance (the French name for madder) after drying. Another method of increasing the yield consisted of dissolving the roots in sulfuric acid after they had been used for dyeing. This produces a dye called garanceux. By treating the pulver... | Rubia tinctorum | Wikipedia | 369 | 27634693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubia%20tinctorum | Biology and health sciences | Gentianales | Plants |
History
Early evidence of dyeing comes from India where a piece of cotton dyed with madder has been recovered from the archaeological site at Mohenjo-daro (3rd millennium BCE). In Sanskrit, this plant is known by the name Manjishtha. It was used by hermits to dye their clothes saffron. Dioscorides and Pliny the Elder ... | Rubia tinctorum | Wikipedia | 412 | 27634693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubia%20tinctorum | Biology and health sciences | Gentianales | Plants |
Folk medicine
According to Culpeper's herbal, the plant is "an herb of Mars" and "hath an opening quality, and afterwards to bind and strengthen". The root was recommended in the treatment of yellow jaundice, obstruction of the spleen, the melancholy humour, palsy, sciatica, and of bruises. The leaves were advised for ... | Rubia tinctorum | Wikipedia | 119 | 27634693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubia%20tinctorum | Biology and health sciences | Gentianales | Plants |
The Last Glacial Period (LGP), also known as the Last glacial cycle, occurred from the end of the Last Interglacial to the beginning of the Holocene, years ago, and thus corresponds to most of the timespan of the Late Pleistocene.
The LGP is part of a larger sequence of glacial and interglacial periods known as the Q... | Last Glacial Period | Wikipedia | 500 | 557672 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last%20Glacial%20Period | Physical sciences | Events | Earth science |
The LGP has been intensively studied in North America, northern Eurasia, the Himalayas, and other formerly glaciated regions around the world. The glaciations that occurred during this glacial period covered many areas, mainly in the Northern Hemisphere and to a lesser extent in the Southern Hemisphere. They have diffe... | Last Glacial Period | Wikipedia | 485 | 557672 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last%20Glacial%20Period | Physical sciences | Events | Earth science |
Outside the main ice sheets, widespread glaciation occurred on the highest mountains of the Alpide belt. In contrast to the earlier glacial stages, the Würm glaciation was composed of smaller ice caps and mostly confined to valley glaciers, sending glacial lobes into the Alpine foreland. Local ice fields or small ice s... | Last Glacial Period | Wikipedia | 432 | 557672 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last%20Glacial%20Period | Physical sciences | Events | Earth science |
Local ice caps existed in the highest mountains of the island of New Guinea, where temperatures were 5 to 6 °C colder than at present. The main areas of Papua New Guinea where glaciers developed during the LGP were the Central Cordillera, the Owen Stanley Range, and the Saruwaged Range. Mount Giluwe in the Central Cord... | Last Glacial Period | Wikipedia | 512 | 557672 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last%20Glacial%20Period | Physical sciences | Events | Earth science |
Devensian and Midlandian glaciation (Britain and Ireland)
British geologists refer to the LGP as the Devensian. Irish geologists, geographers, and archaeologists refer to the Midlandian glaciation, as its effects in Ireland are largely visible in the Irish Midlands. The name Devensian is derived from the Latin Dēvenses... | Last Glacial Period | Wikipedia | 387 | 557672 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last%20Glacial%20Period | Physical sciences | Events | Earth science |
The Baltic Sea, with its unique brackish water, is a result of meltwater from the Weichsel glaciation combining with saltwater from the North Sea when the straits between Sweden and Denmark opened. Initially, when the ice began melting about 10,300 BP, seawater filled the isostatically depressed area, a temporary marin... | Last Glacial Period | Wikipedia | 492 | 557672 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last%20Glacial%20Period | Physical sciences | Events | Earth science |
During the Würm, the Rhône Glacier covered the whole western Swiss plateau, reaching today's regions of Solothurn and Aargau. In the region of Bern, it merged with the Aar glacier. The Rhine Glacier is currently the subject of the most detailed studies. Glaciers of the Reuss and the Limmat advanced sometimes as far as ... | Last Glacial Period | Wikipedia | 436 | 557672 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last%20Glacial%20Period | Physical sciences | Events | Earth science |
It radically altered the geography of North America north of the Ohio River. At the height of the Wisconsin episode glaciation, ice covered most of Canada, the Upper Midwest, and New England, as well as parts of Montana and Washington. On Kelleys Island in Lake Erie or in New York's Central Park, the grooves left by th... | Last Glacial Period | Wikipedia | 445 | 557672 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last%20Glacial%20Period | Physical sciences | Events | Earth science |
Greenland glaciation
In northwest Greenland, ice coverage attained a very early maximum in the LGP around 114,000. After this early maximum, ice coverage was similar to today until the end of the last glacial period. Towards the end, glaciers advanced once more before retreating to their present extent. According to ic... | Last Glacial Period | Wikipedia | 483 | 557672 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last%20Glacial%20Period | Physical sciences | Events | Earth science |
Cryogenic features such as ice wedges, patterned ground, pingos, rock glaciers, palsas, soil cryoturbation, and solifluction deposits developed in unglaciated extra-Andean Patagonia during the last glaciation, but not all these reported features have been verified. The area west of Llanquihue Lake was ice-free during t... | Last Glacial Period | Wikipedia | 113 | 557672 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last%20Glacial%20Period | Physical sciences | Events | Earth science |
In computer science, a graph is an abstract data type that is meant to implement the undirected graph and directed graph concepts from the field of graph theory within mathematics.
A graph data structure consists of a finite (and possibly mutable) set of vertices (also called nodes or points), together with a set of u... | Graph (abstract data type) | Wikipedia | 510 | 557931 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph%20%28abstract%20data%20type%29 | Mathematics | Data structures and types | null |
The following table gives the time complexity cost of performing various operations on graphs, for each of these representations, with |V| the number of vertices and |E| the number of edges. In the matrix representations, the entries encode the cost of following an edge. The cost of edges that are not present are assum... | Graph (abstract data type) | Wikipedia | 417 | 557931 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph%20%28abstract%20data%20type%29 | Mathematics | Data structures and types | null |
Distributed memory
In the distributed memory model, the usual approach is to partition the vertex set of the graph into sets . Here, is the amount of available processing elements (PE). The vertex set partitions are then distributed to the PEs with matching index, additionally to the corresponding edges. Every PE h... | Graph (abstract data type) | Wikipedia | 491 | 557931 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph%20%28abstract%20data%20type%29 | Mathematics | Data structures and types | null |
Freshwater fish are fish species that spend some or all of their lives in bodies of fresh water such as rivers, lakes and inland wetlands, where the salinity is less than 1.05%. These environments differ from marine habitats in many ways, especially the difference in levels of osmolarity. To survive in fresh water, fis... | Freshwater fish | Wikipedia | 510 | 6783609 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freshwater%20fish | Biology and health sciences | Fishes by habitat | Animals |
Temperature
Among fishers in the United States, freshwater fish species are usually classified by the water temperature in which they survive. The water temperature affects the amount of oxygen available as cold water contains more oxygen than warm water.
Coldwater fish species survive in the coldest temperatures, pre... | Freshwater fish | Wikipedia | 495 | 6783609 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freshwater%20fish | Biology and health sciences | Fishes by habitat | Animals |
China
About of the total freshwater fisheries in China are in the Yangtze Basin. Many Yangtze fish species have declined drastically and 65 were recognized as threatened in the 2009 Chinese red list. The Chinese paddlefish, once common to the Yangtze River, is one of a number of extinctions to have taken place due to... | Freshwater fish | Wikipedia | 457 | 6783609 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freshwater%20fish | Biology and health sciences | Fishes by habitat | Animals |
Land use changes cause major shifts in aquatic ecosystems. Deforestation can change the structure and sedimentary composition of streams, which impacts the habitat functionality for many fish species and can reduce species richness, evenness, and diversity. Agriculture, mining, and basic infrastructural building can de... | Freshwater fish | Wikipedia | 369 | 6783609 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freshwater%20fish | Biology and health sciences | Fishes by habitat | Animals |
One such example is the destruction of the endemic cichlid population in Lake Victoria via the introduction of the predatory Nile perch (Lates niloticus). Although the exact time is unknown, in the 1950s the Ugandan Game and Fisheries Department covertly introduced the Nile perch into Lake Victoria, possibly to improve... | Freshwater fish | Wikipedia | 494 | 6783609 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freshwater%20fish | Biology and health sciences | Fishes by habitat | Animals |
The rainbow trout discussed above hybridized with the native greenback cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii stomias), causing their local extinction in the Twin Lakes area of Colorado as their hybrid "cutbows" became more prevalent. The rainbow trout has been reported to hybridize with at least two other salmonid spec... | Freshwater fish | Wikipedia | 111 | 6783609 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freshwater%20fish | Biology and health sciences | Fishes by habitat | Animals |
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