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C2 A spear point blade is a symmetrically-shaped blade with a point aligned with the centerline of the blade's long axis. True spear-point blades are double-edged with a central spine, like a dagger or spear head. The spear point is one of the stronger blade point designs in terms of penetration stress, and is found on... | Blade | Wikipedia | 319 | 315320 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blade | Technology | Rigid components | null |
C5 Referred to in English speaking countries as a "tanto" or "tanto a corruption of the Japanese word tantō, despite the tip bearing no resemblance to a or as a chisel point, referring to the straightness of the edge that comprises the end of the blade (and not to be confused with a blade said to have a "chisel grind",... | Blade | Wikipedia | 394 | 315320 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blade | Technology | Rigid components | null |
C7 An ulu (lit. 'woman's knife' in Inuktitut) knife is a sharpened segment of a circle. This blade type has no point, and has a handle in the middle. It is good for scraping and sometimes chopping. The semi-circular version appears elsewhere in the world and is called a head knife. It is used in leatherworking both to ... | Blade | Wikipedia | 468 | 315320 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blade | Technology | Rigid components | null |
Early blade inscriptions are known from the Bronze Age, a Hittite sword found at Hattusa bears an inscription chiseled into the bronze, stating that the blade was deposited as an offering to the storm-god by king Tuthaliya.
Blade inscriptions become particularly popular in the 12th century knightly sword, based on the... | Blade | Wikipedia | 85 | 315320 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blade | Technology | Rigid components | null |
In geometry, an isosceles triangle () is a triangle that has two sides of equal length or two angles of equal measure. Sometimes it is specified as having exactly two sides of equal length, and sometimes as having at least two sides of equal length, the latter version thus including the equilateral triangle as a specia... | Isosceles triangle | Wikipedia | 436 | 315428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isosceles%20triangle | Mathematics | Two-dimensional space | null |
In an isosceles triangle that has exactly two equal sides, the equal sides are called legs and the third side is called the base. The angle included by the legs is called the vertex angle and the angles that have the base as one of their sides are called the base angles. The vertex opposite the base is called the apex.... | Isosceles triangle | Wikipedia | 435 | 315428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isosceles%20triangle | Mathematics | Two-dimensional space | null |
Height
For any isosceles triangle, the following six line segments coincide:
the altitude, a line segment from the apex perpendicular to the base,
the angle bisector from the apex to the base,
the median from the apex to the midpoint of the base,
the perpendicular bisector of the base within the triangle,
the segment w... | Isosceles triangle | Wikipedia | 493 | 315428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isosceles%20triangle | Mathematics | Two-dimensional space | null |
This is a special case of the general formula for the area of a triangle as half the product of two sides times the sine of the included angle.
Perimeter
The perimeter of an isosceles triangle with equal sides and base is just
As in any triangle, the area and perimeter are related by the isoperimetric inequality... | Isosceles triangle | Wikipedia | 460 | 315428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isosceles%20triangle | Mathematics | Two-dimensional space | null |
The center of the circle lies on the symmetry axis of the triangle, this distance above the base.
An isosceles triangle has the largest possible inscribed circle among the triangles with the same base and apex angle, as well as also having the largest area and perimeter among the same class of triangles.
The radius of... | Isosceles triangle | Wikipedia | 382 | 315428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isosceles%20triangle | Mathematics | Two-dimensional space | null |
Generalizing the partition of an acute triangle, any cyclic polygon that contains the center of its circumscribed circle can be partitioned into isosceles triangles by the radii of this circle through its vertices. The fact that all radii of a circle have equal length implies that all of these triangles are isosceles. ... | Isosceles triangle | Wikipedia | 485 | 315428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isosceles%20triangle | Mathematics | Two-dimensional space | null |
In graphic design and the decorative arts, isosceles triangles have been a frequent design element in cultures around the world from at least the Early Neolithic to modern times. They are a common design element in flags and heraldry, appearing prominently with a vertical base, for instance, in the flag of Guyana, or w... | Isosceles triangle | Wikipedia | 456 | 315428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isosceles%20triangle | Mathematics | Two-dimensional space | null |
A well-known fallacy is the false proof of the statement that all triangles are isosceles, first published by W. W. Rouse Ball in 1892, and later republished in Lewis Carroll's posthumous Lewis Carroll Picture Book. The fallacy is rooted in Euclid's lack of recognition of the concept of betweenness and the resulting am... | Isosceles triangle | Wikipedia | 78 | 315428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isosceles%20triangle | Mathematics | Two-dimensional space | null |
The caravel (Portuguese: , ) is a small sailing ship that may be rigged with just lateen sails, or with a combination of lateen and square sails. It was known for its agility and speed and its capacity for sailing windward (beating). Caravels were used by the Portuguese and Spanish for the voyages of exploration during... | Caravel | Wikipedia | 506 | 315598 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caravel | Technology | Naval transport | null |
The exploration done with caravels made the spice trade of the Portuguese and the Spanish possible. However, for the trade itself, the caravel was soon replaced by the larger carrack (nau), which could carry larger, more profitable cargoes. The caravel was one of the pinnacle ships in Iberian ship development from 1400... | Caravel | Wikipedia | 490 | 315598 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caravel | Technology | Naval transport | null |
The cockatiel (; Nymphicus hollandicus), also known as the weero/weiro or quarrion, is a medium-sized
parrot that is a member of its own branch of the cockatoo family endemic to Australia. They are prized as exotic household pets and companion parrots throughout the world and are relatively easy to breed compared to ot... | Cockatiel | Wikipedia | 503 | 315729 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockatiel | Biology and health sciences | Psittaciformes | Animals |
The cockatiel is now biologically classified as a genuine member of Cacatuidae on account of sharing all of the cockatoo family's biological features, namely, the erectile crest, a gallbladder, powder down, suppressed cloudy-layer (which precludes the display of blue and green structural colours), and facial feathers c... | Cockatiel | Wikipedia | 400 | 315729 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockatiel | Biology and health sciences | Psittaciformes | Animals |
Sexual dimorphism
Most wild cockatiel chicks and juveniles look female, and are virtually indistinguishable from the time of hatching until their first moulting. They display horizontal yellow stripes or bars on the ventral surface of their tail feathers, yellow spots on the ventral surface of the primary flight feath... | Cockatiel | Wikipedia | 441 | 315729 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockatiel | Biology and health sciences | Psittaciformes | Animals |
Worldwide there are currently 22 cockatiel colour mutations established in aviculture, of which eight are exclusive to Australia. Mutations in captivity have emerged in various colours, some quite different from those observed in nature. Wild cockatiels are grey with visible differences between males and females. Male ... | Cockatiel | Wikipedia | 483 | 315729 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockatiel | Biology and health sciences | Psittaciformes | Animals |
Breeding and life span
Breeding is triggered by seasonal rainfall. Cockatiels nest in tree hollows near a source of fresh water, often choosing eucalyptus/gum trees. The hen lays 4-7 eggs, one every other day, which she incubates for 17–23 days. The chicks fledge after 5 weeks. Cockatiels are the only cockatoo species... | Cockatiel | Wikipedia | 405 | 315729 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockatiel | Biology and health sciences | Psittaciformes | Animals |
Secure Digital, officially abbreviated as SD, is a proprietary, non-volatile, flash memory card format the SD Association (SDA) developed for use in portable devices.
Because of their small physical dimensions, SD cards became widely used in many consumer electronic devices, such as digital cameras, camcorders, video ... | SD card | Wikipedia | 428 | 315794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SD%20card | Technology | Non-volatile memory | null |
At the 2000 Consumer Electronics Show (CES), the three companies announced the creation of the SD Association (SDA) to promote SD cards. The SD Association, which was headquartered in San Ramon, California, United States, then had 30 member companies and product manufacturers that made interoperable memory cards and de... | SD card | Wikipedia | 459 | 315794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SD%20card | Technology | Non-volatile memory | null |
The storage density of memory cards increased significantly throughout the 2010s, allowing the earliest devices to offer support for the SD:XC standard, such as the Samsung Galaxy S III and Samsung Galaxy Note II mobile phones, to expand their available storage to several hundreds of gigabytes.
In January 2009, the SD... | SD card | Wikipedia | 485 | 315794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SD%20card | Technology | Non-volatile memory | null |
Panasonic MicroP2 cards shipped in March 2013 and were the first UHS-II compliant products on market; initial offer includes a 32 GB SDHC card and a 64 GB SDXC card. Later that year, Lexar released the first 256 GB SDXC card, based on 20 nm NAND flash technology.
In February 2014, SanDisk introduced the first 128 GB m... | SD card | Wikipedia | 466 | 315794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SD%20card | Technology | Non-volatile memory | null |
Asymmetrical shape of the sides of the SD card prevents inserting it upside down (whereas an MMC goes in most of the way but makes no contact if inverted).
Most standard size SD cards are thick, with microSD versions being thick, compared to for MMCs. The SD specification defines a card called Thin SD with a thickn... | SD card | Wikipedia | 478 | 315794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SD%20card | Technology | Non-volatile memory | null |
The Secure Digital eXtended Capacity (SDXC) format, announced in January 2009 and defined in version 3.01 of the SD specification, supports cards up to 2 TB, compared to a limit of 32 GB for SDHC cards in the SD 2.0 specification. SDXC adopts Microsoft's exFAT file system as a mandatory feature.
Version 3.01 also intr... | SD card | Wikipedia | 505 | 315794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SD%20card | Technology | Non-volatile memory | null |
Except for the change of file system, SDXC cards are mostly backward compatible with SDHC readers, and many SDHC host devices can use SDXC cards if they are first reformatted to the FAT32 file system.
SDUC
The Secure Digital Ultra Capacity (SDUC) format, described in the SD 7.0 specification, and announced in June 20... | SD card | Wikipedia | 424 | 315794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SD%20card | Technology | Non-volatile memory | null |
Cards that comply with UHS show Roman numerals 'I', 'II' or 'III' next to the SD card logo, and report this capability to the host device. Use of UHS-I requires that the host device command the card to drop from 3.3-volt to 1.8-volt operation over the I/O interface pins and select the four-bit transfer mode, while UHS-... | SD card | Wikipedia | 417 | 315794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SD%20card | Technology | Non-volatile memory | null |
There is a proprietary UHS-I extension, called DDR200, originally created by SanDisk that increases transfer speed further to 170 MB/s. Unlike UHS-II, it does not use additional pins. It achieves this by using the 208 MHz frequency of the standard SDR104 mode, but using DDR transfers. This extension has since then been... | SD card | Wikipedia | 474 | 315794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SD%20card | Technology | Non-volatile memory | null |
Version 8.0 was announced on 19 May 2020, with support for two PCIe lanes with an additional row of contacts and PCIe 4.0 transfer rates, for a maximum bandwidth of 3,938 MB/s.
Version 9.0 was released in February 2022.
Version 9.1 was announced in October 2023.
microSD Express
In February 2019, the SD Association a... | SD card | Wikipedia | 400 | 315794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SD%20card | Technology | Non-volatile memory | null |
The "×" rating, which was used by some card manufacturers and made obsolete by speed classes, is a multiple of the standard CD-ROM drive speed of 150 KB/s (approximately 1.23 Mbit/s). Basic cards transfer data at up to six times (6×) the CD-ROM speed; that is, 900 kbit/s or 7.37 Mbit/s. The 2.0 specification defines sp... | SD card | Wikipedia | 456 | 315794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SD%20card | Technology | Non-volatile memory | null |
SD Express Speed Class
Version 9.1 of the SD specification, introduced in October 2023, defines new SD Express speed classes. The graphical symbols use a stylized 'E' followed by a number designating the minimum read/write speed. The specified classes are E150, E300, E450 and E600.
Application Performance Class
Applic... | SD card | Wikipedia | 482 | 315794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SD%20card | Technology | Non-volatile memory | null |
In addition, speed may vary markedly between writing a large amount of data to a single file (sequential access, as when a digital camera records large photographs or videos) and writing a large number of small files (a random-access use common in smartphones). A study in 2012 found that, in this random-access use, som... | SD card | Wikipedia | 414 | 315794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SD%20card | Technology | Non-volatile memory | null |
On the left side, there may be a write-protection notch. If the notch is omitted, the card can be read and written. If the card is notched, it is read-only. If the card has a notch and a sliding tab which covers the notch, the user can slide the tab upward (toward the contacts) to declare the card read/write, or downwa... | SD card | Wikipedia | 436 | 315794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SD%20card | Technology | Non-volatile memory | null |
Some of the earliest versions of microSD memory cards with secure elements were developed in 2009 by DeviceFidelity, Inc., a pioneer in near-field communication (NFC) and mobile payments, with the introduction of In2Pay and CredenSE products, later commercialized and certified for mobile contactless transactions by Vis... | SD card | Wikipedia | 341 | 315794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SD%20card | Technology | Non-volatile memory | null |
Vendors have sought to differentiate their products in the market through various vendor-specific features:
Integrated Wi-Fi – Several companies produce SD cards with built-in Wi-Fi transceivers supporting static security (WEP 40/104/128, WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK). The card lets any digital camera with an SD slot transmit... | SD card | Wikipedia | 436 | 315794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SD%20card | Technology | Non-volatile memory | null |
A SDIO (Secure Digital Input Output) card is an extension of the SD specification to cover I/O functions. SDIO cards are only fully functional in host devices designed to support their input-output functions (typically PDAs like the Palm Treo, but occasionally laptops or mobile phones). These devices can use the SD slo... | SD card | Wikipedia | 490 | 315794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SD%20card | Technology | Non-volatile memory | null |
Compatibility
Host devices that comply with newer versions of the specification provide backward compatibility and accept older SD cards. For example, SDXC host devices accept all previous families of SD memory cards, and SDHC host devices also accept standard SD cards.
Older host devices generally do not support newe... | SD card | Wikipedia | 383 | 315794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SD%20card | Technology | Non-volatile memory | null |
While cloud storage depends on stable internet connection and sufficiently voluminous data plans, memory cards in mobile devices provide location-independent and private storage expansion with much higher transfer rates and no network delay, enabling applications such as photography and video recording. While data stor... | SD card | Wikipedia | 467 | 315794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SD%20card | Technology | Non-volatile memory | null |
Commonly found on the market are mislabeled or counterfeit Secure Digital cards that report a fake capacity or run slower than labeled.
Software tools exist to check and detect counterfeit products,
and in some cases it is possible to repair these devices to remove the false capacity information and use its real stora... | SD card | Wikipedia | 443 | 315794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SD%20card | Technology | Non-volatile memory | null |
SD cards are increasing in usage and popularity among owners of vintage computers like Atari 8-bit computers. For example SIO2SD (SIO is an Atari port for connecting external devices) is used nowadays. Software for an 8-bit Atari may be included on one SD card that may have less than 4–8 GB of disk size (2019).
Embedd... | SD card | Wikipedia | 445 | 315794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SD%20card | Technology | Non-volatile memory | null |
Cards may support various combinations of the following bus types and transfer modes. The SPI bus mode and one-bit SD bus mode are mandatory for all SD families, as explained in the next section. Once the host device and the SD card negotiate a bus interface mode, the usage of the numbered pins is the same for all card... | SD card | Wikipedia | 275 | 315794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SD%20card | Technology | Non-volatile memory | null |
Technology transfer (TT), also called transfer of technology (TOT), is the process of transferring (disseminating) technology from the person or organization that owns or holds it to another person or organization, in an attempt to transform inventions and scientific outcomes into new products and services that benefit... | Technology transfer | Wikipedia | 497 | 315952 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology%20transfer | Technology | General | null |
Transfer of technology is primarily horizontal. Vertical transfer occurs when technologies are moved from applied research centers to research and development departments.
Spin-outs
Spin-outs are used where the host organization does not have the necessary will, resources, or skills to develop new technology. Often t... | Technology transfer | Wikipedia | 469 | 315952 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology%20transfer | Technology | General | null |
In addition to AUTM, other regional and international associations include the Association of European Science and Technology Transfer Professionals (ASTP), the Alliance of Technology Transfer Professionals (ATTP), Licensing Executives Society (LES), Praxis Auril and others. There are also national Technology transfer ... | Technology transfer | Wikipedia | 485 | 315952 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology%20transfer | Technology | General | null |
Scholars Jeffrey Stoff and Alex Joske have argued that the Chinese Communist Party's united front "influence apparatus intersects with or directly supports its global technology transfer apparatus."
Technology transfer offices
Many universities and research institutions, and governmental organizations now have an Off... | Technology transfer | Wikipedia | 473 | 315952 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology%20transfer | Technology | General | null |
Science technology parks
Science and technology parks (STP) are territories usually affiliated with a university or a research institution, which accommodate and foster the growth of companies based therein through technology transfer and open innovation.
Technology incubators
Technology business incubators (TBIs) a... | Technology transfer | Wikipedia | 368 | 315952 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology%20transfer | Technology | General | null |
The term "partnership intermediary" means an agency of a state or local government—or a nonprofit entity owned, chartered, funded, or operated by or on behalf of a state or local government—that assists, counsels, advises, evaluates, or otherwise cooperates with small business firms; institutions of higher education de... | Technology transfer | Wikipedia | 476 | 315952 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology%20transfer | Technology | General | null |
Private transport (as opposed to public transport) is the personal or individual use of transportation which are not available for use by the general public, where in theory the user can decide freely on the time and route of transit ('choice rider' vs. 'captive rider'), using vehicles such as: private car, company car... | Private transport | Wikipedia | 488 | 315973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private%20transport | Technology | Basics_7 | null |
Motorized:
Automobile
Motorboat
Electric bicycle
Electric skateboard
Hovercraft
Moped
Motorcycle
Motorized wheelchair
Private aviation
Private jet
Motor ship
Submarine
Electric scooter
Electric unicycle
Mobility scooter
SUV
Pick-up truck
Limousine
Non-motorized:
Bicycle
Horse-drawn vehicle
Hot ai... | Private transport | Wikipedia | 200 | 315973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private%20transport | Technology | Basics_7 | null |
Dalbergia is a large genus of small to medium-size trees, shrubs and lianas in the pea family, Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae. It was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Dalbergia clade (or tribe): the Dalbergieae. The genus has a wide distribution, native to the tropical regions of Central and South America... | Dalbergia | Wikipedia | 495 | 316052 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalbergia | Biology and health sciences | Fabales | Plants |
Dalbergia sissoo (Indian rosewood) is primarily used for furniture in northern India. Its export is highly regulated due to recent high rates of tree death due to unknown causes. Dalbergia sissoo has historically been the primary rosewood species of northern India. This wood is strong and tough, with color golden to da... | Dalbergia | Wikipedia | 511 | 316052 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalbergia | Biology and health sciences | Fabales | Plants |
Dalbergia aurea Bosser & R. Rabev.
Dalbergia bakeri Baker
Dalbergia balansae Prain
Dalbergia baronii Baker — Madagascar rosewood, Palisander rosewood, Palissandre voamboana
Dalbergia bathiei R. Vig.
Dalbergia beccarii Prain
Dalbergia beddomei Thoth.
Dalbergia benthamii Prain
Dalbergia bignonae Berhaut
Dalb... | Dalbergia | Wikipedia | 499 | 316052 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalbergia | Biology and health sciences | Fabales | Plants |
Dalbergia cultrata Benth.
Dalbergia cumingiana Benth.
Dalbergia curtisii Prain
Dalbergia cuscatlanica (Standl.) Standl.
Dalbergia dalzielii Hutch. & Dalziel
Dalbergia darienensis Rudd
Dalbergia davidii Bosser & R. Rabev.
Dalbergia debilis J.F. Macbr.
Dalbergia decipularis Rizzini & A. Mattos — Tulipwood
Dal... | Dalbergia | Wikipedia | 473 | 316052 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalbergia | Biology and health sciences | Fabales | Plants |
Dalbergia glaucescens (Benth.) Benth.
Dalbergia glaucocarpa Bosser & R. Rabev.
Dalbergia glaziovii Harms
Dalbergia glomerata Hemsl.
Dalbergia godefroyi Prain
Dalbergia gossweileri Baker f.
Dalbergia gracilis Benth.
Dalbergia granadillo Pittier
Dalbergia grandibracteata De Wild.
Dalbergia grandistipula A.M. ... | Dalbergia | Wikipedia | 440 | 316052 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalbergia | Biology and health sciences | Fabales | Plants |
Dalbergia lakhonensis Gagnep.
Dalbergia lanceolaria L. f. – Viet. vảy ốc, bạt ong, trắc múi giáo, Burmese: သစ်ပုပ်, Malayalam: വെള്ളീട്ടി
Dalbergia lastoursvillensis Pellegr.
Dalbergia lateriflora Benth.
Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. — Bombay blackwood, East Indian rosewood, Indian palisandre, Indian rosewood, Iruguduj... | Dalbergia | Wikipedia | 471 | 316052 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalbergia | Biology and health sciences | Fabales | Plants |
Dalbergia ngounyensis Pellegr.
Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Benth. — Bahia rosewood, Brazilian rosewood, Cabiuna, Caviuna, Jacarandá, Jacarandá de Brasil, Palisander, Palisandre da Brésil, Pianowood, Rio rosewood, Rosewood, Obuina
Dalbergia nigrescens Kurz
Dalbergia nitida (Benth.) Hoehne
Dalbergia nitidula Baker
Dalbe... | Dalbergia | Wikipedia | 467 | 316052 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalbergia | Biology and health sciences | Fabales | Plants |
Dalbergia reniformis Roxb.
Dalbergia reticulata Merr.
Dalbergia retusa Hemsl. — Caviuna, Cocobolo, Cocobolo prieto, Funeram, Granadillo, Jacarandáholz, Nambar, Nicaraguan rosewood, Palisander, Palissandro, Palo negro, Pau preto, Rosewood, Urauna
Dalbergia revoluta Ducke
Dalbergia richardsii Sunarno & Ohashi
Dalb... | Dalbergia | Wikipedia | 504 | 316052 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalbergia | Biology and health sciences | Fabales | Plants |
Dalbergia thomsonii Benth.
Dalbergia thorelii Gagnep.
Dalbergia tilarana N. Zamora
Dalbergia tinnevelliensis Thoth.
Dalbergia tonkinensis Prain
Dalbergia travancorica Thoth.
Dalbergia trichocarpa Baker
Dalbergia tricolor Drake
Dalbergia tsaratananensis Bosser & R. Rabev.
Dalbergia tsiandalana R. Vig.
Dalbe... | Dalbergia | Wikipedia | 253 | 316052 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalbergia | Biology and health sciences | Fabales | Plants |
A sluice ( ) is a water channel containing a sluice gate, a type of lock to manage the water flow and water level. It can also be an open channel which processes material, such as a river sluice used in gold prospecting or fossicking. A mill race, leet, flume, penstock or lade is a sluice channeling water toward a wa... | Sluice | Wikipedia | 233 | 316061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sluice | Technology | Hydraulic infrastructure | null |
Flap sluice gate A fully automatic type, controlled by the pressure head across it; operation is similar to that of a check valve. It is a gate hinged at the top. When pressure is from one side, the gate is kept closed; a pressure from the other side opens the sluice when a threshold pressure is surpassed.
Vertical r... | Sluice | Wikipedia | 470 | 316061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sluice | Technology | Hydraulic infrastructure | null |
Designing the sluice gate
Sluice gates are one of the most common hydraulic structures used to control or measure the flow in open channels. Vertical rising sluice gates are the most common in open channels and can operate under two flow regimes: free flow and submerged flow. The most important depths in designing... | Sluice | Wikipedia | 511 | 316061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sluice | Technology | Hydraulic infrastructure | null |
The Sinhala people in Sri Lanka, who had an ancient civilization based on harvested rain water, refer to sluices as Horovuwa.
Gallery | Sluice | Wikipedia | 31 | 316061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sluice | Technology | Hydraulic infrastructure | null |
The Chrysophyceae, usually called chrysophytes, chrysomonads, golden-brown algae or golden algae, are a large group of algae, found mostly in freshwater. Golden algae is also commonly used to refer to a single species, Prymnesium parvum, which causes fish kills.
The Chrysophyceae should not be confused with the Chryso... | Golden algae | Wikipedia | 440 | 316083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden%20algae | Biology and health sciences | SAR supergroup | Plants |
An important characteristic used to identify members of the class Chrysophyceae is the presence of a siliceous cyst that is formed endogenously. Called statospore, stomatocyst or statocyst, this structure is usually globose and contains a single pore. The surface of mature cysts may be ornamented with different structu... | Golden algae | Wikipedia | 84 | 316083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden%20algae | Biology and health sciences | SAR supergroup | Plants |
Most members are unicellular flagellates, with either two visible flagella, as in Ochromonas, or sometimes one, as in Chromulina. The Chromulinales as first defined by Pascher in 1910 included only the latter type, with the former treated as the order Ochromonadales. However, structural studies have revealed that a sho... | Golden algae | Wikipedia | 506 | 316083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden%20algae | Biology and health sciences | SAR supergroup | Plants |
Smith (1938)
According to Smith (1938):
Class Chrysophyceae
Order Chrysomonadales
Suborder Cromulinae (e.g., Mallomonas)
Suborder Isochrysidineae (e.g., Synura)
Suborder Ochromonadineae (e.g., Dinobryon)
Order Rhizochrysidales (e.g., Chrysamoeba)
Order Chrysocapsales (e.g., Hydrurus)
Order Chrysotrichales (e.g... | Golden algae | Wikipedia | 490 | 316083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden%20algae | Biology and health sciences | SAR supergroup | Plants |
Phylum Chrysophyta
Class Chrysophyceae
Class Pedinellophyceae
Class Dictyochophyceae (= Silicoflagellata)
van den Hoek et al. (1995)
According to van den Hoek, Mann and Jahns (1995):
Class Chrysophyceae
Order Ochromonadales (e.g., Ochromonas, Pseudokephyrion, Dinobryon)
Order Mallomonadales (= Class Synurophyce... | Golden algae | Wikipedia | 458 | 316083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden%20algae | Biology and health sciences | SAR supergroup | Plants |
Chrysophytes contain the pigment fucoxanthin. Because of this, they were once considered to be a specialized form of cyanobacteria. Because many of these organisms had a silica capsule, they have a relatively complete fossil record, allowing modern biologists to confirm that they are, in fact, not derived from cyanobac... | Golden algae | Wikipedia | 179 | 316083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden%20algae | Biology and health sciences | SAR supergroup | Plants |
The chamois (; ) (Rupicapra rupicapra) or Alpine chamois is a species of goat-antelope native to the mountains in Southern Europe, from the Pyrenees, the Alps, the Apennines, the Dinarides, the Tatra to the Carpathian Mountains, the Balkan Mountains, the Rila–Rhodope massif, Pindus, the northeastern mountains of Turkey... | Chamois | Wikipedia | 511 | 316157 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamois | Biology and health sciences | Bovidae | Animals |
Chamois can reach an age of 22 years in captivity, although the average recorded age in the wild ranges from 15 to 17 years. Common causes of mortality can include avalanches, epidemics and predation. In the past, the principal predators were Eurasian lynxes, Persian leopards and Golden Jackal, gray wolves, and possibl... | Chamois | Wikipedia | 462 | 316157 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamois | Biology and health sciences | Bovidae | Animals |
Hunting and wildlife management
As their meat is considered tasty, chamois are popular game animals. Chamois have two traits that are exploited by hunters: the first is that they are most active in the morning and evening when they feed; the second is that they tend to look for danger originating from below, which mean... | Chamois | Wikipedia | 256 | 316157 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamois | Biology and health sciences | Bovidae | Animals |
A compass rose or compass star, sometimes called a wind rose or rose of the winds, is a polar diagram displaying the orientation of the cardinal directions (north, east, south, and west) and their intermediate points. It is used on compasses (including magnetic ones), maps (such as compass rose networks), or monuments.... | Compass rose | Wikipedia | 470 | 316410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compass%20rose | Technology | Navigation | null |
According to the chronicler Einhard (), the Frankish king Charlemagne himself came up with his own names for the classical 12 winds. During the Migration Period, the Germanic names for the cardinal directions entered the Romance languages, where they replaced the Latin names borealis with north, australis with south, ... | Compass rose | Wikipedia | 432 | 316410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compass%20rose | Technology | Navigation | null |
In Europe, the Classical 12-wind system continued to be taught in academic settings during the Medieval era, but seafarers in the Mediterranean came up with their own distinct 8-wind system. The mariners used names derived from the Mediterranean lingua franca, composed principally of Ligurian, mixed with Venetian, Sici... | Compass rose | Wikipedia | 367 | 316410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compass%20rose | Technology | Navigation | null |
The 32-point compass used for navigation in the Mediterranean by the 14th century, had increments of 11° between points. Only the eight principal winds (N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW) were given special names. The eight half-winds just combined the names of the two principal winds, e.g. Greco-Tramontana for NNE, Greco-Lev... | Compass rose | Wikipedia | 371 | 316410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compass%20rose | Technology | Navigation | null |
The points on a compass rose were frequently labeled by the initial letters of the mariner's principal winds (T, G, L, S, O, L, P, M). From the outset, the custom also began to distinguish the north from the other points by a specific visual marker. Medieval Italian cartographers typically used a simple arrowhead or ci... | Compass rose | Wikipedia | 475 | 316410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compass%20rose | Technology | Navigation | null |
Eight-point compass roses use the eight principal winds—that is, the four cardinal directions (N, E, S, W) plus the four "intercardinal" or "ordinal directions" (NE, SE, SW, NW), at angles of difference of 45°.
Twelve-point compass roses, with markings 30° apart, are often painted on airport ramps to assist with the a... | Compass rose | Wikipedia | 405 | 316410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compass%20rose | Technology | Navigation | null |
The NATO symbol uses a four-pointed rose.
Outward Bound uses the compass rose as the logo for various schools around the world.
An 8-point compass rose was the logo of Varig, the largest airline in Brazil for many decades until its bankruptcy in 2006.
An 8-point compass rose is a prominent feature in the logo of the... | Compass rose | Wikipedia | 232 | 316410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compass%20rose | Technology | Navigation | null |
Volcanic rocks (often shortened to volcanics in scientific contexts) are rocks formed from lava erupted from a volcano. Like all rock types, the concept of volcanic rock is artificial, and in nature volcanic rocks grade into hypabyssal and metamorphic rocks and constitute an important element of some sediments and sedi... | Volcanic rock | Wikipedia | 404 | 316414 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic%20rock | Physical sciences | Igneous rocks | Earth science |
The chemical classification of igneous rocks is based first on the total content of silicon and alkali metals (sodium and potassium) expressed as weight fraction of silica and alkali oxides (K2O plus Na2O). These place the rock in one of the fields of the TAS diagram. Ultramafic rock and carbonatites have their own spe... | Volcanic rock | Wikipedia | 442 | 316414 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic%20rock | Physical sciences | Igneous rocks | Earth science |
Mineralogy
Most volcanic rocks share a number of common minerals. Differentiation of volcanic rocks tends to increase the silica (SiO2) content mainly by fractional crystallization. Thus, more evolved volcanic rocks tend to be richer in minerals with a higher amount of silica such as phyllo and tectosilicates including... | Volcanic rock | Wikipedia | 395 | 316414 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic%20rock | Physical sciences | Igneous rocks | Earth science |
The terms lava stone and lava rock are more used by marketers than geologists, who would likely say "volcanic rock" (because lava is a molten liquid and rock is solid). "Lava stone" may describe anything from a friable silicic pumice to solid mafic flow basalt, and is sometimes used to describe rocks that were never la... | Volcanic rock | Wikipedia | 390 | 316414 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic%20rock | Physical sciences | Igneous rocks | Earth science |
As crystallization was going on while the mass was still creeping forward under the surface of the Earth, the latest formed minerals (in the ground-mass) are commonly arranged in subparallel winding lines that follow the direction of movement (fluxion or fluidal structure)—and larger early minerals that previously crys... | Volcanic rock | Wikipedia | 437 | 316414 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic%20rock | Physical sciences | Igneous rocks | Earth science |
The phenocrysts or porphyritic minerals are not only larger than those of the ground-mass; as the matrix was still liquid when they formed they were free to take perfect crystalline shapes, without interference by the pressure of adjacent crystals. They seem to have grown rapidly, as they are often filled with enclosur... | Volcanic rock | Wikipedia | 367 | 316414 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic%20rock | Physical sciences | Igneous rocks | Earth science |
Mechanical behaviour of volcanic rocks
The mechanical behaviour of volcanic rocks is complicated by their complex microstructure. For example, attributes such as the partitioning of the void space (pores and microcracks), pore and crystal size and shape, and hydrothermal alteration can all vary widely in volcanic rocks... | Volcanic rock | Wikipedia | 185 | 316414 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic%20rock | Physical sciences | Igneous rocks | Earth science |
Thallus (: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. A thallus usually names the entire body of a multicellular non-moving organism in which there is no organizat... | Thallus | Wikipedia | 417 | 316528 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallus | Biology and health sciences | Fungal morphology and anatomy | Biology |
Spring, also known as springtime, is one of the four temperate seasons, succeeding winter and preceding summer. There are various technical definitions of spring, but local usage of the term varies according to local climate, cultures and customs. When it is spring in the Northern Hemisphere, it is autumn in the Southe... | Spring (season) | Wikipedia | 469 | 316532 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring%20%28season%29 | Physical sciences | Seasons | null |
In Sweden, meteorologists define the beginning of spring as the first occasion on which the average 24 hours temperature exceeds zero degrees Celsius for seven consecutive days, thus the date varies with latitude and elevation (but no earlier than 15 February, and no later than 31 July).
In Australia, New Zealand, Sou... | Spring (season) | Wikipedia | 470 | 316532 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring%20%28season%29 | Physical sciences | Seasons | null |
Ecological reckoning
The beginning of spring is not always determined by fixed calendar dates. The phenological or ecological definition of spring relates to biological indicators, such as the blossoming of a range of plant species, the activities of animals, and the special smell of soil that has reached the temperatu... | Spring (season) | Wikipedia | 432 | 316532 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring%20%28season%29 | Physical sciences | Seasons | null |
While spring is a result of the warmth caused by the changing orientation of the Earth's axis relative to the Sun, the weather in many parts of the world is affected by other, less predictable events. The rainfall in spring (or any season) follows trends more related to longer cycles—such as the solar cycle—or events c... | Spring (season) | Wikipedia | 441 | 316532 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring%20%28season%29 | Physical sciences | Seasons | null |
Easter is the most important religious feast in the Christian liturgical year.
Christians believe that Jesus was resurrected from the dead on the "third day" (two days after his crucifixion), and celebrate this resurrection on Easter Day, two days after Good Friday. Since the Last Supper was a Passover Seder, the date ... | Spring (season) | Wikipedia | 487 | 316532 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring%20%28season%29 | Physical sciences | Seasons | null |
A launch pad is an above-ground facility from which a rocket-powered missile or space vehicle is vertically launched. The term launch pad can be used to describe just the central launch platform (mobile launcher platform), or the entire complex (launch complex). The entire complex will include a launch mount or launch ... | Launch pad | Wikipedia | 436 | 316577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launch%20pad | Technology | Basics_6 | null |
Precursors to modern rocketry, such as fireworks and rocket launchers, did not generally require dedicated launch pads. This was due in part to their relatively portable size, as well as the sufficiency of their casings in sustaining stresses. One of the first pads for a liquid-fueled rocket, what would later be named ... | Launch pad | Wikipedia | 478 | 316577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launch%20pad | Technology | Basics_6 | null |
The construction of a launch pad begins with site selection, considering various geographical and logistical factors. It is often advantageous to position the launch pad on the coast, particularly with the ocean to the east, to leverage the Earth's rotation and increase the specific impulse of launches. Space programs ... | Launch pad | Wikipedia | 511 | 316577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launch%20pad | Technology | Basics_6 | null |
Service structure
A service structure is a steel framework or tower that is built on a launch pad to facilitate assembly and servicing.
An umbilical tower also usually includes an elevator which allows maintenance and crew access. Immediately before ignition of the rocket's motors, all connections between the tower... | Launch pad | Wikipedia | 421 | 316577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launch%20pad | Technology | Basics_6 | null |
Hydrogen burn-off systems
In rockets using liquid hydrogen as their source of propellant, hydrogen burn-off systems (HBOI), also known as radially outward firing igniters (ROFI), can be utilized to prevent the build up of free gaseous hydrogen (GH2) in the aft engine area of the vehicle prior to engine start. Too much... | Launch pad | Wikipedia | 240 | 316577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launch%20pad | Technology | Basics_6 | null |
A spring is a natural exit point at which groundwater emerges from an aquifer and flows across the ground surface as surface water. It is a component of the hydrosphere, as well as a part of the water cycle. Springs have long been important for humans as a source of fresh water, especially in arid regions which have re... | Spring (hydrology) | Wikipedia | 467 | 316612 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring%20%28hydrology%29 | Physical sciences | Hydrology | null |
Depression springs occur along a depression, such as the bottom of alluvial valleys, basins, or valleys made of highly permeable materials.
Contact springs, which occur along the side of a hill or mountain, are created when the groundwater is underlaid by an impermeable layer of rock or soil known as an aquiclude or a... | Spring (hydrology) | Wikipedia | 352 | 316612 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring%20%28hydrology%29 | Physical sciences | Hydrology | null |
Spring discharge, or resurgence, is determined by the spring's recharge basin. Factors that affect the recharge include the size of the area in which groundwater is captured, the amount of precipitation, the size of capture points, and the size of the spring outlet. Water may leak into the underground system from many ... | Spring (hydrology) | Wikipedia | 332 | 316612 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring%20%28hydrology%29 | Physical sciences | Hydrology | null |
Minerals become dissolved in the water as it moves through the underground rocks. This mineral content is measured as total dissolved solids (TDS). This may give the water flavor and even carbon dioxide bubbles, depending on the nature of the geology through which it passes. This is why spring water is often bottled an... | Spring (hydrology) | Wikipedia | 456 | 316612 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring%20%28hydrology%29 | Physical sciences | Hydrology | null |
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