id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 31 227 | text stringlengths 6 334k | source stringlengths 1 150 ⌀ | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 71.8k | subcategories listlengths 0 30 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7,204,246 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Kitson%2C%201st%20Baron%20Airedale | James Kitson, 1st Baron Airedale (22 September 1835 16 March 1911), PC, DSc, was an industrialist, locomotive builder, Liberal Party politician and a Member of Parliament for the Holme Valley. He was known as Sir James Kitson from 1886, until he was elevated to the peerage in 1907. Lord Airedale was a prominent Unitar... | James Kitson, 1st Baron Airedale | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,559 | [
"Bessemer Gold Medal",
"Chemical engineering awards"
] |
7,204,363 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interchange%20of%20limiting%20operations | In mathematics, the study of interchange of limiting operations is one of the major concerns of mathematical analysis, in that two given limiting operations, say L and M, cannot be assumed to give the same result when applied in either order. One of the historical sources for this theory is the study of trigonometric s... | Interchange of limiting operations | [
"Mathematics"
] | 706 | [
"Mathematical analysis"
] |
7,204,577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pullback%20attractor | In mathematics, the attractor of a random dynamical system may be loosely thought of as a set to which the system evolves after a long enough time. The basic idea is the same as for a deterministic dynamical system, but requires careful treatment because random dynamical systems are necessarily non-autonomous. This req... | Pullback attractor | [
"Mathematics"
] | 705 | [
"Random dynamical systems",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
7,204,602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfister%20form | In mathematics, a Pfister form is a particular kind of quadratic form, introduced by Albrecht Pfister in 1965. In what follows, quadratic forms are considered over a field F of characteristic not 2. For a natural number n, an n-fold Pfister form over F is a quadratic form of dimension 2n that can be written as a tenso... | Pfister form | [
"Mathematics"
] | 976 | [
"Quadratic forms",
"Number theory"
] |
7,204,666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm%20form | In mathematics, a norm form is a homogeneous form in n variables constructed from the field norm of a field extension L/K of degree n. That is, writing N for the norm mapping to K, and selecting a basis e1, ..., en for L as a vector space over K, the form is given by
N(x1e1 + ... + xnen)
in variables x1, ..., xn.
In... | Norm form | [
"Mathematics"
] | 177 | [
"Diophantine equations",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"Number theory"
] |
7,204,725 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base%20flow%20%28random%20dynamical%20systems%29 | In mathematics, the base flow of a random dynamical system is the dynamical system defined on the "noise" probability space that describes how to "fast forward" or "rewind" the noise when one wishes to change the time at which one "starts" the random dynamical system.
Definition
In the definition of a random dynamical... | Base flow (random dynamical systems) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 338 | [
"Random dynamical systems",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
7,204,781 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20business%20integration%20software | This article is a comparison of notable business integration and business process automation software.
General
Scope
Scope of this comparison:
Service-oriented architecture implementations;
Message-oriented middleware and message brokers;
Enterprise service bus implementations;
BPEL implementations;
Enterprise a... | Comparison of business integration software | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 145 | [
"IT infrastructure",
"Computing comparisons",
"Software engineering",
"Software comparisons",
"Middleware"
] |
7,204,793 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICE%20demolition%20protocol | For the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE), the ICE Demolition Protocol is a British waste management protocol produced by EnviroCentre, in partnership with London Remade. It came out of a joint ICE and Institute of Waste Management group called the Resource Sustainability Initiative.
The first edition was founded i... | ICE demolition protocol | [
"Engineering"
] | 91 | [
"Construction",
"Demolition"
] |
7,204,913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-to-nitrogen%20ratio | A carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio or C:N ratio) is a ratio of the mass of carbon to the mass of nitrogen in organic residues. It can, amongst other things, be used in analysing sediments and soil including soil organic matter and soil amendments such as compost.
Sediments
In the analysis of sediments, C/N ratios ... | Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,891 | [
"Soil chemistry",
"nan"
] |
7,205,021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ettringite | Ettringite is a hydrous calcium aluminium sulfate mineral with formula: . It is a colorless to yellow mineral crystallizing in the trigonal system. The prismatic crystals are typically colorless, turning white on partial dehydration. It is part of the ettringite-group which includes other sulfates such as thaumasite an... | Ettringite | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,799 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Concrete",
"Hydrate minerals",
"Hydrates"
] |
7,205,041 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye%27elimite | Ye'elimite is the naturally occurring form of anhydrous calcium sulfoaluminate, . It gets its name from Har Ye'elim in Israel in the Hatrurim Basin west of the Dead Sea where it was first found in nature by Shulamit Gross, an Israeli mineralogist and geologist who studied the Hatrurim Formation.
The mineral is cubic, ... | Ye'elimite | [
"Engineering"
] | 510 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Concrete"
] |
7,205,088 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbing%20set%20%28random%20dynamical%20systems%29 | In mathematics, an absorbing set for a random dynamical system is a subset of the phase space. A dynamical system is a system in which a function describes the time dependence of a point in a geometrical space.
The absorbing set eventually contains the image of any bounded set under the cocycle ("flow") of the random ... | Absorbing set (random dynamical systems) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 250 | [
"Random dynamical systems",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
7,205,441 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caloboletus%20calopus | Caloboletus calopus, commonly known as the bitter bolete, bitter beech bolete or scarlet-stemmed bolete, is a fungus of the bolete family, found in Asia, Northern Europe and North America. Appearing in coniferous and deciduous woodland in summer and autumn, the stout fruit bodies are attractively coloured, with a beig... | Caloboletus calopus | [
"Biology"
] | 2,136 | [
"Fungi",
"Fungus species"
] |
7,205,933 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-drying%20oil | A non-drying oil is an oil which does not harden and remains liquid when it is exposed to air. This is as opposed to a drying oil, which hardens (through polymerization) completely, or a semi-drying oil, which partially hardens. Oils with an iodine number of less than 115 are considered non-drying.
Uses
Non-drying o... | Non-drying oil | [
"Chemistry"
] | 165 | [
"Oils",
"Carbohydrates",
"Coatings"
] |
7,205,947 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young%20stellar%20object | Young stellar object (YSO) denotes a star in its early stage of evolution. This class consists of two groups of objects: protostars and pre-main-sequence stars.
Classification by spectral energy distribution
A star forms by accumulation of material that falls in to a protostar from a circumstellar disk or envelope. Ma... | Young stellar object | [
"Astronomy"
] | 488 | [
"Star types",
"Astronomical classification systems"
] |
7,206,152 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sail%20Tower | The Sail Tower (, Beit HaMifras), officially District Government Center - Building B () is a skyscraper and government building in Haifa, Israel. It is part of Haifa's District Government Center (responsible for the Haifa District), named after Yitzhak Rabin.
Its construction began in 1999 and was completed on Februar... | Sail Tower | [
"Engineering"
] | 378 | [
"Postmodern architecture",
"Architecture"
] |
7,206,492 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directive%20on%20the%20legal%20protection%20of%20designs | Directive 98/71/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 1998 on the legal protection of designs
is a European Union directive in the field of industrial design rights, made under the internal market
provisions of the Treaty of Rome. It sets harmonised standards for eligibility and protection of... | Directive on the legal protection of designs | [
"Engineering"
] | 581 | [
"Industrial design",
"Design engineering",
"Design"
] |
7,206,721 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumping%20%28computer%20systems%29 | Pumping, when referring to computer systems, is an informal term for transmitting a data signal more than one time per clock signal.
Overview
Early types of system memory (RAM), such as SDRAM, transmitted data on only the rising edge of the clock signal. With the advent of double data rate synchronous dynamic RAM or ... | Pumping (computer systems) | [
"Technology"
] | 377 | [
"Computing stubs",
"Computer hardware stubs"
] |
7,206,727 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound%20amplification%20by%20stimulated%20emission%20of%20radiation | Sound amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (SASER) refers to a device that emits acoustic radiation. It focuses sound waves in a way that they can serve as accurate and high-speed carriers of information in many kinds of applications—similar to uses of laser light.
Acoustic radiation (sound waves) can be ... | Sound amplification by stimulated emission of radiation | [
"Physics"
] | 7,672 | [
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics"
] |
7,206,776 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origanum%20%C3%97%20hybridum | Origanum × hybridum, synonym Origanum × pulchellum, is an ornamental plant of hybrid origin. Its two parents are O. dictamnus and O. sipyleum. It is known as the showy marjoram or the showy oregano.
References
External links
DFT Digital Library - Vascular Plant Images: Origanum pulchellum
hybridum
Hybrid plants | Origanum × hybridum | [
"Biology"
] | 84 | [
"Hybrid plants",
"Plants",
"Hybrid organisms"
] |
7,206,824 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truck%20scale | A truck scale (US), weighbridge (non-US) or railroad scale is a large set of scales, usually mounted permanently on a concrete foundation, that is used to weigh entire rail or road vehicles and their contents. By weighing the vehicle both empty and when loaded, the load carried by the vehicle can be calculated.
The k... | Truck scale | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,241 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Weighing instruments",
"Mass",
"Measuring instruments",
"Bridges",
"Matter"
] |
7,206,827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspended%20solids | Suspended solids refers to small solid particles which remain in suspension in water as a colloid or due to motion of the water. Suspended solids can be removed by sedimentation if their size or density is comparatively large, or by filtration. It is used as one indicator of water quality and of the strength of sewage,... | Suspended solids | [
"Environmental_science"
] | 391 | [
"Water",
"Hydrology"
] |
7,207,519 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional%20square%20root | In mathematics, a functional square root (sometimes called a half iterate) is a square root of a function with respect to the operation of function composition. In other words, a functional square root of a function is a function satisfying for all .
Notation
Notations expressing that is a functional square root... | Functional square root | [
"Mathematics"
] | 463 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Functional analysis",
"Functional equations",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"Mathematical relations"
] |
7,207,607 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinitiator | Jinitiator is a Java virtual machine (JVM) made and distributed by Oracle Corporation. It allows a web enabled Oracle Forms client application to be run inside a web browser. This JVM is called only when a web-based Oracle application is accessed. This behavior is implemented by a plugin or an activex control, depend... | Jinitiator | [
"Technology"
] | 329 | [
"Computing stubs",
"Software stubs"
] |
7,208,118 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar%20mass%20loss | Stellar mass loss is a phenomenon observed in stars by which stars lose some mass over their lives. Mass loss can be caused by triggering events that cause the sudden ejection of a large portion of the star's mass. It can also occur when a star gradually loses material to a binary companion or due to strong stellar win... | Stellar mass loss | [
"Physics"
] | 1,088 | [
"Concepts in stellar astronomy",
"Physical phenomena",
"Stellar phenomena",
"Concepts in astrophysics"
] |
7,208,255 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostelecom | Rostelecom (Ростелеком) is Russia’s largest provider of digital services for a wide variety of consumers, households, private businesses, government and municipal authorities, and other telecom providers.
Rostelecom interconnects all local public operators’ networks into a single national network for long-distance serv... | Rostelecom | [
"Technology"
] | 2,011 | [
"Multimedia",
"Streaming television"
] |
7,209,279 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass%20fiber%20reinforced%20concrete | Glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) is a type of fiber-reinforced concrete. The product is also known as glassfibre reinforced concrete or GRC in British English. Glass fiber concretes are mainly used in exterior building façade panels and as architectural precast concrete. Somewhat similar materials are fiber cemen... | Glass fiber reinforced concrete | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,230 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Composite materials",
"Materials",
"Concrete",
"Matter"
] |
7,209,369 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber-reinforced%20concrete | Fiber-reinforced concrete or fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete containing fibrous material which increases its structural integrity. It contains short discrete fibers that are uniformly distributed and randomly oriented. Fibers include steel fibers, glass fibers, synthetic fibers and natural fibers – each of... | Fiber-reinforced concrete | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,795 | [
"Building engineering",
"Composite materials",
"Construction",
"Materials",
"Building materials",
"Matter",
"Architecture"
] |
7,210,481 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest%20Earl%20Lockhart | Ernest Earl Lockhart (September 10, 1912 – July 26, 2006) was a chemist and explorer.
Early life and education
Ernest Earl Lockhart was born in Boston, Massachusetts (USA) on September 10, 1912. He grew up in the Hyde Park section of Boston; Lockhart was the youngest of three children of Clinton Daniel Lockhart and Ce... | Ernest Earl Lockhart | [
"Chemistry"
] | 538 | [
"Food chemists",
"American food chemists"
] |
7,210,758 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral%20cryptanalysis | In cryptography, integral cryptanalysis is a cryptanalytic attack that is particularly applicable to block ciphers based on substitution–permutation networks. It was originally designed by Lars Knudsen as a dedicated attack against Square, so it is commonly known as the Square attack. It was also extended to a few oth... | Integral cryptanalysis | [
"Technology"
] | 331 | [
"Cryptographic attacks",
"Computer security exploits"
] |
7,210,869 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9ton%20brut | Béton brut () is architectural concrete that is left unfinished after being cast, displaying the patterns and seams imprinted on it by the formwork. Béton brut is not a material itself, but rather a way of using concrete. The term comes from French and means "raw concrete".
History
The use of béton brut was pioneere... | Béton brut | [
"Engineering"
] | 909 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Concrete"
] |
7,210,930 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embodied%20imagination | Embodied imagination is a therapeutic and creative form of working with dreams and memories pioneered by Dutch Jungian psychoanalyst Robert Bosnak and based on principles first developed by Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung, especially in his work on alchemy, and on the work of American archetypal psychologist James Hillman... | Embodied imagination | [
"Biology"
] | 1,000 | [
"Dream",
"Behavior",
"Sleep"
] |
7,211,500 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species%20Survival%20Plan | The American Species Survival Plan or SSP program was developed in 1981 by the (American) Association of Zoos and Aquariums to help ensure the survival of selected species in zoos and aquariums, most of which are threatened or endangered in the wild.
SSP program
SSP programs focus on animals that are near threatened, ... | Species Survival Plan | [
"Biology"
] | 2,061 | [
"Wildlife conservation",
"Zoology",
"Biodiversity"
] |
7,211,838 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop%20pop%20boat | A pop-pop boat (also known as a flash-steamer, hot-air-boat, or toc-toc after a German version from the 1920s) is a toy with a simple steam engine without moving parts, typically powered by a candle or vegetable oil burner. The name comes from the noise made by some versions of the boats.
Initially patented in 1891, t... | Pop pop boat | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology"
] | 1,771 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Engines",
"Powered toys",
"Power (physics)",
"Jet engines",
"Boilers",
"Pressure vessels"
] |
7,212,817 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallization%20adjutant | A crystallization adjutant is a material used to promote crystallization, normally in a context where a material does not crystallize naturally from a pure solution.
Additives in Macromolecular Crystallization
In macromolecular crystallography, the term additive is used instead of adjutant. An additive can either inte... | Crystallization adjutant | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 732 | [
"Crystallography",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Materials science"
] |
7,212,867 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio%20Supercomputer%20Center | The Ohio Supercomputer Center (OSC) is a supercomputer facility located on the western end of the Ohio State University campus, just north of Columbus. Established in 1987, the OSC partners with Ohio universities, labs and industries, providing students and researchers with high performance computing, advanced cyberinf... | Ohio Supercomputer Center | [
"Technology"
] | 972 | [
"Supercomputers",
"Supercomputing"
] |
7,212,941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz%20Leonhardt | Fritz Leonhardt (12 July 1909 – 30 December 1999) was a German structural engineer who made major contributions to 20th-century bridge engineering, especially in the development of cable-stayed bridges. His book Bridges: Aesthetics and Design is well known throughout the bridge engineering community.
Biography
Born in... | Fritz Leonhardt | [
"Engineering"
] | 643 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Structural engineers"
] |
1,546,501 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxylamine | Doxylamine is an antihistamine medication used to treat insomnia and allergies, and—in combination with pyridoxine (vitamin B6)—to treat morning sickness in pregnant women. It is available over-the-counter and is typically sold under such brand names as Equate or Unisom, among others; and it is used in nighttime cold m... | Doxylamine | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,875 | [
"Hypnotics",
"Behavior",
"Functional groups",
"Organic compounds",
"Ethers",
"Sleep"
] |
1,546,503 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WinCustomize | WinCustomize is a website that provides content for users to customize Microsoft Windows. The site hosts thousands of skins, themes, icons, wallpapers, and other graphical content to modify the Windows graphical user interface. There is some premium or paid content, however, the vast majority of the content is free fo... | WinCustomize | [
"Technology"
] | 646 | [
"Computing websites"
] |
1,546,530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breather | In physics, a breather is a nonlinear wave in which energy concentrates in a localized and oscillatory fashion. This contradicts with the expectations derived from the corresponding linear system for infinitesimal amplitudes, which tends towards an even distribution of initially localized energy.
A discrete breather ... | Breather | [
"Physics"
] | 491 | [
"Waves",
"Physical phenomena",
"Motion (physics)"
] |
1,546,802 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servants%27%20hall | The servants' hall is a common room for domestic workers in a great house, typically referring to the servants' dining room.
If there is no separate sitting room, the servants' hall doubles as the place servants may spend their leisure hours and serves as both sitting room and dining room.
Background
Meals in the ser... | Servants' hall | [
"Engineering"
] | 218 | [
"Rooms",
"Architecture"
] |
1,546,863 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20Reichenbach | Hans Reichenbach (September 26, 1891 – April 9, 1953) was a leading philosopher of science, educator, and proponent of logical empiricism. He was influential in the areas of science, education, and of logical empiricism. He founded the Gesellschaft für empirische Philosophie (Society for Empirical Philosophy) in Berlin... | Hans Reichenbach | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,863 | [
"Philosophers of mathematics",
"Mathematical logic",
"Logical positivism"
] |
1,546,930 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphoscope | A graphoscope was a 19th-century device used in parlors in order to enhance the viewing of photographs and text. The graphoscope is supposed to be based on a 1864 patent of Charles John Rowsell.
These novelty items consisted of a single magnifying glass, often in a wooden frame, in an overall construction that could co... | Graphoscope | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 290 | [
"Magnifiers",
"Measuring instruments"
] |
1,547,057 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EHealth | eHealth describes healthcare services which are supported by digital processes, communication or technology such as electronic prescribing, Telehealth, or Electronic Health Records (EHRs). The term "eHealth" originated in the 1990s, initially conceived as "Internet medicine," but has since evolved to have a broader ran... | EHealth | [
"Biology"
] | 4,473 | [
"Health informatics",
"Medical technology"
] |
1,547,135 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.mmp | The C.mmp was an early multiple instruction, multiple data (MIMD) multiprocessor system developed at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) by William Wulf (1971). The notation C.mmp came from the PMS notation of Gordon Bell and Allen Newell, where a central processing unit (CPU) was designated as C, a variant was noted by t... | C.mmp | [
"Technology"
] | 1,078 | [
"History of computing",
"Capability systems",
"Computers",
"Computer systems"
] |
1,547,157 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population%20size | In population genetics and population ecology, population size (usually denoted N) is a countable quantity representing the number of individual organisms in a population. Population size is directly associated with amount of genetic drift, and is the underlying cause of effects like population bottlenecks and the foun... | Population size | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,128 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Physical quantities",
"Metrics",
"Quantity",
"Ecological metrics",
"Dimensionless quantities",
"Countable quantities"
] |
1,547,225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenergic%20agonist | An adrenergic agonist is a drug that stimulates a response from the adrenergic receptors. The five main categories of adrenergic receptors are: α1, α2, β1, β2, and β3, although there are more subtypes, and agonists vary in specificity between these receptors, and may be classified respectively. However, there are also ... | Adrenergic agonist | [
"Biology"
] | 1,266 | [
"Organ systems",
"Endocrine system"
] |
1,547,308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjunctive%20possibility | Subjunctive possibility (also called alethic possibility) is a form of modality studied in modal logic. Subjunctive possibilities are the sorts of possibilities considered when conceiving counterfactual situations; subjunctive modalities are modalities that bear on whether a statement might have been or could be true—s... | Subjunctive possibility | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,279 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Modal logic"
] |
1,547,359 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injective%20sheaf | In mathematics, injective sheaves of abelian groups are used to construct the resolutions needed to define sheaf cohomology (and other derived functors, such as sheaf Ext).
There is a further group of related concepts applied to sheaves: flabby (flasque in French), fine, soft (mou in French), acyclic. In the history o... | Injective sheaf | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,232 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Sheaf theory",
"Category theory",
"Topology",
"Algebraic geometry",
"Homological algebra"
] |
1,547,360 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villarceau%20circles | In geometry, Villarceau circles () are a pair of circles produced by cutting a torus obliquely through its center at a special angle.
Given an arbitrary point on a torus, four circles can be drawn through it. One is in a plane parallel to the equatorial plane of the torus and another perpendicular to that plane (thes... | Villarceau circles | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,343 | [
"Circles",
"Pi"
] |
1,547,519 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acierage | Metal plating | Acierage | [
"Chemistry"
] | 5 | [
"Metallurgical processes",
"Coatings",
"Metal plating"
] |
1,547,778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity%20by%20descent | A DNA segment is identical by state (IBS) in two or more individuals if they have identical nucleotide sequences in this segment. An IBS segment is identical by descent (IBD) in two or more individuals if they have inherited it from a common ancestor without recombination, that is, the segment has the same ancestral or... | Identity by descent | [
"Biology"
] | 1,303 | [
"Human genome projects",
"Genome projects"
] |
1,547,826 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother%20Nature | Mother Nature (sometimes known as Mother Earth or the Earth Mother) is a personification of nature that focuses on the life-giving and nurturing aspects of nature by embodying it, in the form of a mother or mother goddess.
European concept traditions
Greek concept
The Mycenaean Greek: Ma-ka (transliterated as ma-ga),... | Mother Nature | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,931 | [
"Symbols"
] |
1,547,915 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combo%20%28video%20games%29 | In video games, a combo (short for combination) is a set of actions performed in sequence, usually with strict timing limitations, that yield a significant benefit or advantage. The term originates from fighting games where it is based upon the concept of a striking combination. It has been since applied more generally... | Combo (video games) | [
"Technology"
] | 835 | [
"Computing terminology",
"Video game terminology"
] |
1,548,014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mister%20Hyde%20%28Marvel%20Comics%29 | Mister Hyde (Calvin Zabo) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Don Heck, the character first appeared in Journey into Mystery #99 (December 1963). Calvin Zabo is a supervillain known under the codename of Mister Hyde. He is the father of t... | Mister Hyde (Marvel Comics) | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,678 | [
"Fictional biochemists",
"Biochemists"
] |
1,548,091 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael%20Bombelli | Rafael Bombelli (baptised on 20 January 1526; died 1572) was an Italian mathematician. Born in Bologna, he is the author of a treatise on algebra and is a central figure in the understanding of imaginary numbers.
He was the one who finally managed to address the problem with imaginary numbers. In his 1572 book, L'Alge... | Rafael Bombelli | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,577 | [
"Algebra",
"Algebraists"
] |
1,548,123 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional-order%20integrator | A fractional-order integrator or just simply fractional integrator is an integrator device that calculates the fractional-order integral or derivative (usually called a differintegral) of an input. Differentiation or integration is a real or complex parameter. The fractional integrator is useful in fractional-order con... | Fractional-order integrator | [
"Mathematics"
] | 656 | [
"Fractional calculus",
"Calculus"
] |
1,548,201 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyalkylimide | Polyalkylimide is a polymer whose structure contains no free monomers. It is used in permanent dermal fillers to treat soft tissue deficits such as facial lipoatrophy, gluteal atrophy, acne, and scars.
In plastic and reconstructive surgery it is used for building facial volume in the cheeks, chin, jaw, and lips. Repor... | Polyalkylimide | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 138 | [
"Polymer stubs",
"Polymers",
"Organic chemistry stubs",
"Polymer chemistry"
] |
1,548,236 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menuconfig | make menuconfig is one of five similar tools that can assist a user in configuring the Linux kernel before building, a necessary step needed to compile the source code. make menuconfig, with a menu-driven user interface, allows the user to choose which features and modules to compile. It is normally invoked using the c... | Menuconfig | [
"Engineering"
] | 824 | [
"Systems engineering",
"Configuration management"
] |
1,548,293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaplasia | Metaplasia () is the transformation of a cell type to another cell type. The change from one type of cell to another may be part of a normal maturation process, or caused by some sort of abnormal stimulus. In simplistic terms, it is as if the original cells are not robust enough to withstand their environment, so the... | Metaplasia | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 974 | [
"Stem cell research",
"Induced stem cells",
"Histopathology",
"Microscopy"
] |
1,548,303 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinacridone | Quinacridone is an organic compound used as a pigment. Numerous derivatives constitute the quinacridone pigment family, which finds extensive use in industrial colorant applications such as robust outdoor paints, inkjet printer ink, tattoo inks, artists' watercolor paints, and color laser printer toner. As pigments, t... | Quinacridone | [
"Chemistry"
] | 723 | [
"Semiconductor materials",
"Molecular electronics",
"Organic semiconductors"
] |
1,548,510 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional-order%20control | Fractional-order control (FOC) is a field of control theory that uses the fractional-order integrator as part of the control system design toolkit. The use of fractional calculus can improve and generalize well-established control methods and strategies.
The fundamental advantage of FOC is that the fractional-order in... | Fractional-order control | [
"Mathematics"
] | 357 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Control theory",
"Applied mathematics stubs",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
1,548,669 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean%20tilings%20by%20convex%20regular%20polygons | Euclidean plane tilings by convex regular polygons have been widely used since antiquity. The first systematic mathematical treatment was that of Kepler in his (Latin: The Harmony of the World, 1619).
Notation of Euclidean tilings
Euclidean tilings are usually named after Cundy & Rollett’s notation. This notation ... | Euclidean tilings by convex regular polygons | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,191 | [
"Tessellation",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Euclidean plane geometry",
"Symmetry"
] |
1,548,695 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision%20mixer | A vision mixer is a device used to select between different live video sources and, in some cases, compositing live video sources together to create visual effects.
In most of the world, both the equipment and its operator are called a vision mixer or video mixer; however, in the United States, the equipment is called... | Vision mixer | [
"Technology"
] | 1,597 | [
"Information and communications technology",
"Television technology"
] |
1,548,703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature%20worship | Nature worship, also called naturism or physiolatry, is any of a variety of religious, spiritual and devotional practices that focus on the worship of a nature deity, considered to be behind the natural phenomena visible throughout nature. A nature deity can be in charge of nature, a place, a biotope, the biosphere, th... | Nature worship | [
"Biology"
] | 1,259 | [
"Behavior",
"Human behavior",
"Spirituality"
] |
1,548,726 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AES47 | AES47 is a standard which describes a method for transporting AES3 professional digital audio streams over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks.
The Audio Engineering Society (AES) published AES47 in 2002. The method described by AES47 is also published by the International Electrotechnical Commission as IEC 6236... | AES47 | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,133 | [
"Broadcast engineering",
"Asynchronous Transfer Mode",
"Computer standards",
"Computer networks engineering",
"IEC standards",
"Audio Engineering Society standards",
"Electronic engineering",
"Networking standards",
"Electrical engineering",
"Audio engineering"
] |
1,548,925 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAX%20J1808.4%E2%88%923658 | The first accreting millisecond pulsar discovered in 1998 by the Italian-Dutch BeppoSAX satellite, SAX J1808.4−3658 revealed X-ray pulsations at the 401 Hz neutron star spin frequency when it was observed during a subsequent outburst in 1998 by NASA's RXTE satellite. The neutron star is orbited by a brown dwarf binary ... | SAX J1808.4−3658 | [
"Astronomy"
] | 358 | [
"Sagittarius (constellation)",
"Constellations"
] |
1,549,329 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisenaire%20rods | Cuisenaire rods are mathematics learning aids for pupils that provide an interactive, hands-on way to explore mathematics and learn mathematical concepts, such as the four basic arithmetical operations, working with fractions and finding divisors. In the early 1950s, Caleb Gattegno popularised this set of coloured numb... | Cuisenaire rods | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,846 | [
"Recreational mathematics",
"Mathematical manipulatives"
] |
1,549,339 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOTAR | NOTAR ("no tail rotor") is a helicopter system which avoids the use of a tail rotor. It was developed by McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Systems (through their acquisition of Hughes Helicopters). The system uses a fan inside the tail boom to build a high volume of low-pressure air, which exits through two slots and create... | NOTAR | [
"Engineering"
] | 738 | [
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
1,549,595 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index%20calculus%20algorithm | In computational number theory, the index calculus algorithm is a probabilistic algorithm for computing discrete logarithms.
Dedicated to the discrete logarithm in where is a prime, index calculus leads to a family of algorithms adapted to finite fields and to some families of elliptic curves. The algorithm collects... | Index calculus algorithm | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,392 | [
"Group theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra"
] |
1,549,715 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysulfide | Polysulfides are a class of chemical compounds derived from anionic chains of sulfur atoms. There are two main classes of polysulfides: inorganic and organic. The inorganic polysulfides have the general formula . These anions are the conjugate bases of polysulfanes . Organic polysulfides generally have the formulae , w... | Polysulfide | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 872 | [
"Matter",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Anions",
"Metallurgy",
"Inorganic polymers",
"Corrosion",
"Electrochemistry",
"Materials degradation",
"Ions"
] |
1,549,922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/136%20%28number%29 | 136 (one hundred [and] thirty-six) is the natural number following 135 and preceding 137.
In mathematics
136 is a refactorable number and a composite number.
External links
136 cats (video)
References
Integers | 136 (number) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 47 | [
"Elementary mathematics",
"Integers",
"Mathematical objects",
"Numbers"
] |
1,549,929 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/173%20%28number%29 | 173 (one hundred [and] seventy-three) is the natural number following 172 and preceding 174.
In mathematics
173 is:
an odd number.
a deficient number.
an odious number.
a balanced prime.
an Eisenstein prime with no imaginary part.
a Sophie Germain prime.
a Pythagorean prime.
a Higgs prime.
an isolated prime.
a regular... | 173 (number) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 174 | [
"Elementary mathematics",
"Integers",
"Mathematical objects",
"Numbers"
] |
1,549,946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl%20tert-butyl%20ether | Ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE), also known as ethyl tert-butyl ether, is commonly used as an oxygenate gasoline additive in the production of gasoline from crude oil. ETBE offers equal or greater air quality benefits than ethanol, while being technically and logistically less challenging. Unlike ethanol, ETBE does ... | Ethyl tert-butyl ether | [
"Chemistry"
] | 364 | [
"Commodity chemicals",
"Products of chemical industry"
] |
1,550,259 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum%20viable%20population | Minimum viable population (MVP) is a lower bound on the population of a species, such that it can survive in the wild. This term is commonly used in the fields of biology, ecology, and conservation biology. MVP refers to the smallest possible size at which a biological population can exist without facing extinction fr... | Minimum viable population | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,074 | [
"Ecological metrics",
"Quantity",
"Metrics"
] |
1,550,261 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/API%20gravity | The American Petroleum Institute gravity, or API gravity, is a measure of how heavy or light a petroleum liquid is compared to water: if its API gravity is greater than 10, it is lighter and floats on water; if less than 10, it is heavier and sinks.
API gravity is thus an inverse measure of a petroleum liquid's densit... | API gravity | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,363 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Units of density",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Petroleum",
"Density",
"Petroleum geology",
"Physical properties",
"Units of measurement"
] |
1,550,377 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count%20of%20the%20Saxon%20Shore | The Count of the Saxon Shore for Britain () was the head of the Saxon Shore military command of the later Roman Empire.
The post was possibly created during the reign of Constantine I, and was probably in existence by AD 367 when Nectaridus is elliptically referred to as such a leader by Ammianus Marcellinus. The Coun... | Count of the Saxon Shore | [
"Engineering"
] | 492 | [
"Fortification lines",
"Saxon Shore"
] |
1,550,674 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial%20stress | Radial stress is stress toward or away from the central axis of a component.
Pressure vessels
The walls of pressure vessels generally undergo triaxial loading. For cylindrical pressure vessels, the normal loads on a wall element are longitudinal stress, circumferential (hoop) stress and radial stress.
The radial stre... | Radial stress | [
"Physics"
] | 186 | [
"Solid mechanics",
"Mechanics"
] |
1,550,677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder%20stress | In mechanics, a cylinder stress is a stress distribution with rotational symmetry; that is, which remains unchanged if the stressed object is rotated about some fixed axis.
Cylinder stress patterns include:
circumferential stress, or hoop stress, a normal stress in the tangential (azimuth) direction.
axial stress, a... | Cylinder stress | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,774 | [
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
1,550,685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong%20antichain | In order theory, a subset A of a partially ordered set P is a strong downwards antichain if it is an antichain in which no two distinct elements have a common lower bound in P, that is,
In the case where P is ordered by inclusion, and closed under subsets, but does not contain the empty set, this is simply a family of... | Strong antichain | [
"Mathematics"
] | 312 | [
"Order theory"
] |
1,550,771 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countable%20chain%20condition | In order theory, a partially ordered set X is said to satisfy the countable chain condition, or to be ccc, if every strong antichain in X is countable.
Overview
There are really two conditions: the upwards and downwards countable chain conditions. These are not equivalent. The countable chain condition means the downw... | Countable chain condition | [
"Mathematics"
] | 581 | [
"Forcing (mathematics)",
"Mathematical logic",
"Order theory"
] |
1,550,783 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%27s%20axiom | In the mathematical field of set theory, Martin's axiom, introduced by Donald A. Martin and Robert M. Solovay, is a statement that is independent of the usual axioms of ZFC set theory. It is implied by the continuum hypothesis, but it is consistent with ZFC and the negation of the continuum hypothesis. Informally, it s... | Martin's axiom | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,050 | [
"Independence results",
"Set theory",
"Mathematical logic",
"Mathematical axioms",
"Axioms of set theory"
] |
1,550,845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Ferber | Richard Ferber is a physician and the director of The Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders, at Children's Hospital Boston. He has been researching sleep and sleep disorders in children for over 30 years. He is best known for his methods—popularly called Ferberization—that purports to teach infants to learn how to fall... | Richard Ferber | [
"Biology"
] | 132 | [
"Behavior",
"Sleep"
] |
1,550,886 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dux%20Britanniarum | Dux Britanniarum was a military post in Roman Britain, probably created by Emperor Diocletian or Constantine I during the late third or early fourth century. The Dux (literally, "(military) leader" was a senior officer in the late Roman army of the West in Britain. It is listed in the Notitia Dignitatum as being one of... | Dux Britanniarum | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,847 | [
"Fortification lines",
"Saxon Shore"
] |
1,550,892 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Louis%20Baire | René-Louis Baire (; 21 January 1874 – 5 July 1932) was a French mathematician most famous for his Baire category theorem, which helped to generalize and prove future theorems. His theory was published originally in his dissertation Sur les fonctions de variables réelles ("On the Functions of Real Variables") in 1899.
... | René-Louis Baire | [
"Mathematics"
] | 862 | [
"Topologists",
"Topology"
] |
1,550,921 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20wiki%20software | The following tables compare general and technical information for many wiki software packages.
General information
Systems listed on a light purple background are no longer in active development.
Target audience
Features 1
Features 2
Installation
See also
Comparison of
wiki farms
notetaking software
text editor... | Comparison of wiki software | [
"Technology"
] | 94 | [
"Software comparisons",
"Computing comparisons"
] |
1,550,927 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appel%20reaction | The Appel reaction is an organic reaction that converts an alcohol into an alkyl chloride using triphenylphosphine and carbon tetrachloride. The use of carbon tetrabromide or bromine as a halide source will yield alkyl bromides, whereas using carbon tetraiodide, methyl iodide or iodine gives alkyl iodides. The reaction... | Appel reaction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 539 | [
"Name reactions"
] |
1,551,036 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food%20bank | A food bank or food pantry is a non-profit, charitable organization that distributes food to those who have difficulty purchasing enough to avoid hunger, usually through intermediaries like food pantries and soup kitchens. Some food banks distribute food directly with their food pantries.
St. Mary's Food Bank was the ... | Food bank | [
"Biology"
] | 6,850 | [
"Behavior",
"Altruism",
"Private aid programs"
] |
1,551,095 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leif%20Elggren | Leif Elggren (born 1950, Linköping, Sweden), is a Swedish artist who lives and works in Stockholm.
Active since the late 1970s, Leif Elggren has become one of the most constantly surprising conceptual artists to work in the combined worlds of audio and visual. A writer, visual artist, stage performer and composer, ... | Leif Elggren | [
"Technology"
] | 917 | [
"Multimedia",
"Multimedia artists"
] |
1,551,118 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centaurus%20X-3 | Centaurus X-3 (4U 1118–60) is an X-ray pulsar with a period of 4.84 seconds. It was the first X-ray pulsar to be discovered, and the third X-ray source to be discovered in the constellation Centaurus. The system consists of a neutron star orbiting a massive, O-type supergiant star dubbed Krzemiński's star after its di... | Centaurus X-3 | [
"Astronomy"
] | 1,060 | [
"Centaurus",
"Constellations"
] |
1,551,135 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption%20band | In spectroscopy, an absorption band is a range of wavelengths, frequencies or energies in the electromagnetic spectrum that are characteristic of a particular transition from initial to final state in a substance.
According to quantum mechanics, atoms and molecules can only hold certain defined quantities of energy, o... | Absorption band | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,601 | [
"Instrumental analysis",
"Molecular physics",
"Spectroscopy",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
1,551,187 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pledge%20drive | A pledge drive is an extended period of fundraising activities, generally used by public broadcasting stations to increase contributions. The term "pledge" originates from the promise that a contributor makes to send in funding at regular intervals for a certain amount of time. During a pledge drive, regular and specia... | Pledge drive | [
"Biology"
] | 1,499 | [
"Philanthropy",
"Behavior",
"Altruism"
] |
1,551,195 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%20chamber%20process | The lead chamber process was an industrial method used to produce sulfuric acid in large quantities. It has been largely supplanted by the contact process.
In 1746 in Birmingham, England, John Roebuck began producing sulfuric acid in lead-lined chambers, which were stronger and less expensive and could be made much la... | Lead chamber process | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,203 | [
"Catalysis",
"Chemical kinetics"
] |
1,551,283 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS%20Editor |
MS-DOS Editor, commonly just called edit or edit.com, is a TUI text editor that comes with MS-DOS 5.0 and later, as well as all 32-bit x86 versions of Windows, until Windows 10. It supersedes edlin, the standard editor in earlier versions of MS-DOS. In MS-DOS, it was a stub for QBasic running in editor mode. Starting... | MS-DOS Editor | [
"Technology"
] | 599 | [
"Windows commands",
"Computing commands"
] |
4,664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9zier%20curve | A Bézier curve ( ) is a parametric curve used in computer graphics and related fields. A set of discrete "control points" defines a smooth, continuous curve by means of a formula. Usually the curve is intended to approximate a real-world shape that otherwise has no mathematical representation or whose representation is... | Bézier curve | [
"Engineering"
] | 4,793 | [
"Design"
] |
4,668 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial%20coefficient | In mathematics, the binomial coefficients are the positive integers that occur as coefficients in the binomial theorem. Commonly, a binomial coefficient is indexed by a pair of integers and is written It is the coefficient of the term in the polynomial expansion of the binomial power ; this coefficient can be comput... | Binomial coefficient | [
"Mathematics"
] | 5,674 | [
"Sequences and series",
"Discrete mathematics",
"Factorial and binomial topics",
"Integer sequences",
"Mathematical structures",
"Recreational mathematics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Combinatorics",
"Arithmetic",
"Triangles of numbers",
"Operations on numbers",
"Numbers",
"Number theory"
] |
4,677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial%20theorem | In elementary algebra, the binomial theorem (or binomial expansion) describes the algebraic expansion of powers of a binomial. According to the theorem, the power expands into a polynomial with terms of the form , where the exponents and are nonnegative integers satisfying and the coefficient of each term is a spe... | Binomial theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,297 | [
"Factorial and binomial topics",
"Theorems in algebra",
"Combinatorics",
"Theorems about polynomials",
"Articles containing proofs"
] |
4,699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blissymbols | Blissymbols or Blissymbolics is a constructed language conceived as an ideographic writing system called Semantography consisting of several hundred basic symbols, each representing a concept, which can be composed together to generate new symbols that represent new concepts. Blissymbols differ from most of the world's... | Blissymbols | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,200 | [
"Symbols",
"Pictograms"
] |
4,715 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean%20satisfiability%20problem | In logic and computer science, the Boolean satisfiability problem (sometimes called propositional satisfiability problem and abbreviated SATISFIABILITY, SAT or B-SAT) asks whether there exists an interpretation that satisfies a given Boolean formula. In other words, it asks whether the formula's variables can be consis... | Boolean satisfiability problem | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 5,437 | [
"Boolean algebra",
"Logic in computer science",
"Automated theorem proving",
"Mathematical logic",
"Computational problems",
"Software engineering",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Mathematical problems",
"Formal methods",
"NP-complete problems",
"Satisfiability problems"
] |
4,733 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidirectional%20text | A bidirectional text contains two text directionalities, right-to-left (RTL) and left-to-right (LTR). It generally involves text containing different types of alphabets, but may also refer to boustrophedon, which is changing text direction in each row.
An example is the RTL Hebrew name Sarah: , spelled sin (ש) on the ... | Bidirectional text | [
"Technology"
] | 2,159 | [
"Natural language and computing",
"Internationalization and localization",
"Character encoding"
] |
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