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14,543,350	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA%20synthase	In biochemistry, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase or HMG-CoA synthase is an enzyme which catalyzes the reaction in which acetyl-CoA condenses with acetoacetyl-CoA to form 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA). This reaction comprises the second step in the mevalonate-dependent isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway. HMG...	Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase	[ "Biology" ]	1,013	[ "Protein families", "Protein classification" ]
14,543,886	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LPAR3	Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3 also known as LPA3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LPAR3 gene. LPA3 is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds the lipid signaling molecule lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Function This gene encodes a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, as well as the EDG fami...	LPAR3	[ "Chemistry" ]	222	[ "G protein-coupled receptors", "Signal transduction" ]
14,544,308	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary%20of%20sheep%20husbandry	The raising of domestic sheep has occurred in nearly every inhabited part of the earth, and the variations in cultures and languages which have kept sheep has produced a vast lexicon of unique terminology used to describe sheep husbandry. Terms Below are a few of the more common terms. A–C Backliner – an externally a...	Glossary of sheep husbandry	[ "Biology" ]	3,887	[ "Glossaries of zoology", "Glossaries of biology" ]
14,544,789	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tele-epidemiology	Tele-epidemiology is the application of telecommunications to epidemiological research and application, including space-based and internet-based systems. Tele-epidemiology applies satellite communication systems to investigate or support investigations of infectious disease outbreak, including disease reemergence. In ...	Tele-epidemiology	[ "Biology", "Environmental_science" ]	1,041	[ "Health informatics", "Epidemiology", "Environmental social science", "Human geography", "Medical technology" ]
14,544,897	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunta	The gunta or guntha is a measure of area used in the Indian subcontinent, predominantly used in some South Asian countries. This unit is typically used to measure the size of a piece of land. In India 1 anna = 7.5624 square yards = 6.3232 square metres 1 gunta = 120.999 square yards = 101.1714 square metres = 16 ann...	Gunta	[ "Mathematics" ]	195	[ "Quantity", "Units of area", "Units of measurement" ]
14,545,229	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formaldehyde%20transketolase	In enzymology, a formaldehyde transketolase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction D-xylulose 5-phosphate + formaldehyde glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + glycerone Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are D-xylulose 5-phosphate and formaldehyde, whereas its two products are glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate an...	Formaldehyde transketolase	[ "Chemistry" ]	216	[ "Chemical hazards", "Formaldehyde" ]
14,545,515	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20Sword	The Power Sword, also referred to as the Sword of Power or the Sword of Grayskull, is a fictional sword from Mattel's Masters of the Universe toy line. In the original mini-comics produced with the toyline in 1981, the Power Sword was a mystical object split into two parts, which Skeletor tries to obtain and put toget...	Power Sword	[ "Physics" ]	2,882	[ "Magic items", "Physical objects", "Matter" ]
14,546,023	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegvisomant	Pegvisomant, sold under the brand name Somavert, is a growth hormone receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acromegaly. It is primarily used if the pituitary gland tumor causing the acromegaly cannot be controlled with surgery or radiation, and the use of somatostatin analogues is unsuccessful, but is also effect...	Pegvisomant	[ "Chemistry" ]	394	[ "Neurochemistry", "Receptor antagonists" ]
14,546,072	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting-point%20depression	This article deals with melting/freezing point depression due to very small particle size. For depression due to the mixture of another compound, see freezing-point depression. Melting-point depression is the phenomenon of reduction of the melting point of a material with a reduction of its size. This phenomenon is v...	Melting-point depression	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	2,821	[ "Physical phenomena", "Phase transitions", "Phases of matter", "Critical phenomena", "Statistical mechanics", "Matter" ]
14,546,615	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Heiligenberg	Walter F. Heiligenberg (January 31, 1938 – September 8, 1994) was a German American scientist best known for his neuroethology work on one of the best neurologically understood behavioral patterns in a vertebrate, Eigenmannia. This weakly electric fish and the neural basis for its jamming avoidance response behavioral ...	Walter Heiligenberg	[ "Biology" ]	1,484	[ "Ethology", "Behavior", "Neuroethology" ]
14,546,679	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mound%20system	A mound system is an engineered drain field for treating wastewater in places with limited access to multi-stage wastewater treatment systems. Mound systems are an alternative to the traditional rural septic system drain field. They are used in areas where septic systems are prone to failure from extremely permeable or...	Mound system	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Biology", "Environmental_science" ]	1,214	[ "Water treatment", "Chemical engineering", "Environmental soil science", "Sewerage infrastructure", "Pollution control technologies", "Water pollution", "Civil engineering", "Ecosystems", "Environmental engineering", "Aquatic ecology" ]
14,546,804	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrace%20ledge%20kink%20model	In chemistry, the terrace ledge kink (TLK) model, which is also referred to as the terrace step kink (TSK) model, describes the thermodynamics of crystal surface formation and transformation, as well as the energetics of surface defect formation. It is based upon the idea that the energy of an atom’s position on a crys...	Terrace ledge kink model	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,167	[ "Thermodynamic models", "Chemical thermodynamics", "Thermodynamics" ]
14,546,835	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bygrave%20slide%20rule	The Bygrave slide rule is a slide rule named for its inventor, Captain Leonard Charles Bygrave of the RAF. It was used in celestial navigation, primarily in aviation. Officially, it was called the A. M. L. Position Line Slide Rule (A.M.L. for Air Ministry Laboratories). It was developed in 1920 at the Air Ministry La...	Bygrave slide rule	[ "Mathematics" ]	342	[ "E (mathematical constant)", "Logarithms" ]
14,547,147	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural%20engineer%20%28PE%29	Architectural Engineer (PE) is a professional engineering designation in the United States. The architectural engineer applies the knowledge and skills of broader engineering disciplines to the design, construction, operation, maintenance, and renovation of buildings and their component systems while paying careful att...	Architectural engineer (PE)	[ "Engineering" ]	856	[ "Building engineering", "Architecture occupations", "Civil engineering", "Architecture" ]
14,547,183	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosomal%20frameshift	Ribosomal frameshifting, also known as translational frameshifting or translational recoding, is a biological phenomenon that occurs during translation that results in the production of multiple, unique proteins from a single mRNA. The process can be programmed by the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA and is sometimes af...	Ribosomal frameshift	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	2,468	[ "Genetics", "Gene expression", "Molecular genetics", "Cellular processes", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry" ]
14,547,429	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC3b	iC3b is a protein fragment that is part of the complement system, a component of the vertebrate immune system. iC3b is produced when complement factor I cleaves C3b. Complement receptors on white blood cells are able to bind iC3b, so iC3b functions as an opsonin. Unlike intact C3b, iC3b cannot associate with factor B, ...	IC3b	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	118	[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Biotechnology stubs", "Biochemistry" ]
14,548,330	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark%20star%20%28dark%20matter%29	A dark star is a hypothetical type of star that may have existed early in the universe before conventional stars were able to form and thrive. Properties The dark stars would be composed mostly of normal matter, like modern stars, but a high concentration of neutralino dark matter present within them would generate h...	Dark star (dark matter)	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	479	[ "Dark matter", "Black holes", "Unsolved problems in astronomy", "Physical phenomena", "Physical quantities", "Concepts in astronomy", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Astrophysics", "Dark concepts in astrophysics", "Astronomical objects", "Density", "Astronomical classification systems", "Ex...
14,548,620	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium%20bromide	Barium bromide is the chemical compound with the formula BaBr2. It is ionic and hygroscopic in nature. Structure and properties BaBr2 crystallizes in the lead chloride (cotunnite) motif, giving white orthorhombic crystals that are deliquescent. In aqueous solution BaBr2 behaves as a simple salt. Solutions of barium ...	Barium bromide	[ "Chemistry" ]	447	[ "Bromides", "Salts" ]
14,548,752	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPLaR	Electronics on Plastic by Laser Release (EPLaR) is a method for manufacturing flexible electrophoretic displays using conventional AM-LCD manufacturing equipment, avoiding the need to build new factories. The technology can also be used to manufacture flexible OLED displays using standard OLED fabrication facilities. ...	EPLaR	[ "Engineering" ]	196	[ "Electronic engineering", "Display technology" ]
14,549,276	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical%20form%20fill%20sealing%20machine	A vertical form fill sealing machine is a type of automated assembly-line product packaging system, commonly used in the packaging industry for food and many other products. Walter Zwoyer, the inventor of the technology, patented his idea for the VFFS machine in 1936 while working with the Henry Heide Candy Company. Th...	Vertical form fill sealing machine	[ "Engineering" ]	872	[ "Industrial design", "Design engineering", "Packaging machinery", "Design", "Industrial machinery" ]
14,550,347	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bevirimat	Bevirimat (research code MPC-4326) is an anti-HIV drug derived from a betulinic acid-like compound, first isolated from Syzygium claviflorum, a Chinese herb. It is believed to inhibit HIV by a novel mechanism, so-called maturation inhibition. It is not currently U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved. It was...	Bevirimat	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,613	[ "Carboxylic acids", "Functional groups" ]
17,339,449	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA%20immunoprecipitation%20chip	RIP-chip (RNA immunoprecipitation chip) is a molecular biology technique which combines RNA immunoprecipitation with a microarray. The purpose of this technique is to identify which RNA sequences interact with a particular RNA binding protein of interest in vivo. It can also be used to determine relative levels of gene...	RNA immunoprecipitation chip	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	888	[ "Biochemistry methods", "Genetics techniques", "Microtechnology", "Microarrays", "Protein methods", "Protein biochemistry", "Genetic engineering", "Bioinformatics", "Molecular biology techniques" ]
17,339,953	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactol	In organic chemistry, a lactol is a functional group which is the cyclic equivalent of a hemiacetal () or a hemiketal (). The compound is formed by the intramolecular, nucleophilic addition of a hydroxyl group () to the carbonyl group () of an aldehyde () or a ketone (). A lactol is often found as an equilibrium mixtu...	Lactol	[ "Chemistry" ]	206	[ "Lactols", "Functional groups" ]
17,340,773	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbuterol	Carbuterol (INN; carbuterol hydrochloride USAN) is a short-acting β2 adrenoreceptor agonist. Synthesis References Beta2-adrenergic agonists Phenylethanolamines Ureas	Carbuterol	[ "Chemistry" ]	56	[ "Organic compounds", "Ureas" ]
17,341,064	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20Snowden	Sir Christopher Maxwell Snowden, (born 1956) is a British electronic engineer and academic. He was the former Vice-Chancellor of Surrey University (20052015), and of the University of Southampton (20152019). He was president of Universities UK for a two-year term until 31 July 2015. He is currently the chairman of the...	Christopher Snowden	[ "Engineering" ]	2,898	[ "Institution of Engineering and Technology", "Fellows of the Institution of Engineering and Technology" ]
17,342,923	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catlin%20%28medicine%29	A catlin or catling is a long, double-bladed surgical knife. It was commonly used from the 17th to the mid 19th century, particularly for amputations; after that its use declined in favor of mechanically driven (and later, electrically driven) oscillating saws. Surgeon William Clowes wrote about the instrument in a m...	Catlin (medicine)	[ "Biology" ]	220	[ "Medical knives", "Medical technology" ]
17,343,462	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clevidipine	Clevidipine (INN, trade name Cleviprex) is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker indicated for the reduction of blood pressure when oral therapy is not feasible or not desirable. Clevidipine is used IV only and practitioners titrate this drug to lower blood pressure. It has a half-life of approximately one minute....	Clevidipine	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,912	[ "Functional groups", "Formals" ]
17,344,084	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durophagy	Durophagy is the eating behavior of animals that consume hard-shelled or exoskeleton-bearing organisms, such as corals, shelled mollusks, or crabs. It is mostly used to describe fish, but is also used when describing reptiles, including fossil turtles, placodonts and invertebrates, as well as "bone-crushing" mammalian ...	Durophagy	[ "Biology" ]	3,090	[ "Eating behaviors", "Carnivory" ]
17,344,326	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar%20M.%20Yaghi	Omar M. Yaghi (; born February 9, 1965) is the James and Neeltje Tretter Chair Professor of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley, an affiliate scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the founding director of the Berkeley Global Science Institute, and an elected member of the US National Acade...	Omar M. Yaghi	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,319	[ "Solid state chemists", "Inorganic chemists" ]
17,344,780	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnaround%20%28refining%29	A turnaround (TAR) is a scheduled event wherein an entire process unit of an industrial plant, such as a refinery, petrochemical plant, power plant, or paper mill, is taken offstream for an extended period for work to be carried out. Turnaround is a blanket term that encompasses more specific terms such as I&Ts (inspec...	Turnaround (refining)	[ "Chemistry" ]	223	[ "Petroleum technology", "Oil refining" ]
17,345,009	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lease%20automatic%20custody%20transfer%20unit	A Lease Automatic Custody Transfer unit or LACT unit measures the net volume and quality of liquid hydrocarbons. A LACT unit measures volumes in the range of of oil per day.(*LACTs can transfer/measure more than 7000 bbls/day) This system provides for the automatic measurement, sampling, and transfer of oil from the l...	Lease automatic custody transfer unit	[ "Chemistry" ]	197	[ "Petroleum", "Petroleum stubs" ]
17,345,186	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scianna%20antigen%20system	The Scianna blood antigen system consists of seven antigens. These include two high frequency antigens Sc1 and Sc3, and two low frequency antigens Sc2 and Sc4. The very rare null phenotype is characterised by the absence of Sc1, Sc2 and Sc3. The antigens are caused by changes in the erythroid membrane associated prot...	Scianna antigen system	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	134	[ "Antigens", "Cell biology", "Biomolecules" ]
17,345,761	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20image-sharing%20websites	This article presents a non-exhaustive list of notable image-sharing websites. Active image-sharing websites Defunct photo-sharing websites These also include sites that may still operate, but do not accept new users. Listed in chronological order of shutdown. Comparison of photo-sharing websites Legend: File forma...	List of image-sharing websites	[ "Technology" ]	464	[ "Online services comparisons", "Computing comparisons" ]
17,346,860	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotangent%20complex	In mathematics, the cotangent complex is a common generalisation of the cotangent sheaf, normal bundle and virtual tangent bundle of a map of geometric spaces such as manifolds or schemes. If is a morphism of geometric or algebraic objects, the corresponding cotangent complex can be thought of as a universal "lineari...	Cotangent complex	[ "Mathematics" ]	3,356	[ "Functions and mappings", "Mathematical structures", "Mathematical objects", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Category theory", "Mathematical relations", "Algebraic geometry" ]
17,346,948	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C2%B9%20homotopy%20theory	In algebraic geometry and algebraic topology, branches of mathematics, homotopy theory or motivic homotopy theory is a way to apply the techniques of algebraic topology, specifically homotopy, to algebraic varieties and, more generally, to schemes. The theory is due to Fabien Morel and Vladimir Voevodsky. The underl...	A¹ homotopy theory	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,968	[ "Fields of abstract algebra", "Algebraic geometry" ]
17,347,053	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society%20of%20Mexican%20American%20Engineers%20and%20Scientists	MAES: Latinos in Science and Engineering, Inc. (MAES), originally the Mexican American Engineering Society, was founded in 1974. It organizes an annual symposium and career fair. History MAES was founded in Los Angeles in 1974 to increase the number of Mexican Americans and other Hispanics in the technical and scien...	Society of Mexican American Engineers and Scientists	[ "Engineering" ]	598	[ "nan" ]
17,347,452	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%E2%80%93Davies%E2%80%93Mingos%20rules	In organometallic chemistry, the Green–Davies–Mingos rules predict the regiochemistry for nucleophilic addition to 18-electron metal complexes containing multiple unsaturated ligands. The rules were published in 1978 by organometallic chemists Stephen G. Davies, Malcolm Green, and Michael Mingos. They describe how an...	Green–Davies–Mingos rules	[ "Chemistry" ]	709	[ "Reaction mechanisms", "Chemical kinetics", "Physical organic chemistry" ]
17,347,472	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stern%E2%80%93Gerlach%20Medal	The Stern–Gerlach Medal is the most prestigious prize for experimental physicists awarded by the German Physical Society. It is named after the scientists of the Stern–Gerlach experiment, Otto Stern and Walther Gerlach. It was originally called the Stern–Gerlach Prize, and has been awarded annually since 1988. It was c...	Stern–Gerlach Medal	[ "Technology" ]	301	[ "Science and technology awards", "Physics awards" ]
17,347,546	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto%20Hahn%20Medal	The Otto Hahn Medal () is awarded by the Max Planck Society to young scientists and researchers in both the natural and social sciences. The award takes its name from the German chemist and Nobel Prize laureate Otto Hahn, who served as the first president of the Max Planck Society from 1948 to 1960. The medal is award...	Otto Hahn Medal	[ "Technology" ]	468	[ "Science and technology awards", "Science award stubs" ]
17,348,156	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Now%20%26%20Zen	Now & Zen, Inc. is an American company, founded by Steve McIntosh in January 1995, that is based in Boulder, Colorado. The Zen Alarm Clock was introduced in early 1996. McIntosh stepped down as CEO in 2012. Patents Now & Zen holds two patents covering both the design and utility aspects of its chiming alarm clocks: U...	Now & Zen	[ "Engineering" ]	432	[ "Sacred geometry", "Architecture" ]
17,349,229	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic%20Earthcare%20Australia	Catholic Earthcare Australia is an agency of the Australian Catholic Bishops Conference and is the environmental arm of the Catholic Church in Australia. This executive agency of the Bishops' Commission for Justice and Development (BCJD) is mandated with the mission of advising, supporting and assisting the BCJD in res...	Catholic Earthcare Australia	[ "Environmental_science" ]	565	[ "Environmental education", "Environmental social science" ]
17,349,502	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20Morse%20theory	In mathematics, digital Morse theory is a digital adaptation of continuum Morse theory for scalar volume data. The term was first promulgated by DB Karron based on the work of JL Cox and DB Karron. The main utility of a digital Morse theory is that it serves to provide a theoretical basis for isosurfaces (a kind of em...	Digital Morse theory	[ "Mathematics" ]	793	[ "Computational topology", "Topology", "Computational mathematics" ]
331,689	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Shermer	Michael Brant Shermer (born September 8, 1954) is an American science writer, historian of science, executive director of The Skeptics Society, and founding publisher of Skeptic magazine, a publication focused on investigating pseudoscientific and supernatural claims. The author of over a dozen books, Shermer is known ...	Michael Shermer	[ "Physics" ]	3,895	[ "Materialism", "Matter", "Materialists" ]
331,731	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaster	Plaster is a building material used for the protective or decorative coating of walls and ceilings and for moulding and casting decorative elements. In English, "plaster" usually means a material used for the interiors of buildings, while "render" commonly refers to external applications. The term stucco refers to pla...	Plaster	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	5,227	[ "Building engineering", "Coatings", "Hydrates", "Architecture", "Construction", "Materials", "Plastering", "Matter", "Building materials" ]
331,755	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitional%20fossil	A transitional fossil is any fossilized remains of a life form that exhibits traits common to both an ancestral group and its derived descendant group. This is especially important where the descendant group is sharply differentiated by gross anatomy and mode of living from the ancestral group. These fossils serve as a...	Transitional fossil	[ "Biology" ]	4,613	[ "Taxonomy (biology)", "Evolutionary biology concepts", "Bioinformatics", "Zoology", "Phylogenetics" ]
331,784	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall	Drywall (also called plasterboard, dry lining, wallboard, sheet rock, gib board, gypsum board, buster board, turtles board, slap board, custard board, gypsum panel and gyprock) is a panel made of calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum), with or without additives, typically extruded between thick sheets of facer and backer p...	Drywall	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	4,369	[ "Building engineering", "Composite materials", "Construction", "Materials", "Building materials", "Matter", "Architecture" ]
331,821	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipocere	Adipocere (), also known as corpse wax, grave wax or mortuary wax, is a wax-like organic substance formed by the anaerobic bacterial hydrolysis of fat in tissue, such as body fat in corpses. In its formation, putrefaction is replaced by a permanent firm cast of fatty tissues, internal organs, and the face. History Adi...	Adipocere	[ "Chemistry" ]	818	[ "Organic compounds", "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Lipids" ]
331,826	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime-counting%20function	In mathematics, the prime-counting function is the function counting the number of prime numbers less than or equal to some real number . It is denoted by (unrelated to the number ). A symmetric variant seen sometimes is , which is equal to if is exactly a prime number, and equal to otherwise. That is, the number...	Prime-counting function	[ "Mathematics" ]	3,420	[ "Analytic number theory", "Prime numbers", "Arithmetic functions", "Mathematical objects", "Numbers", "Number theory" ]
331,884	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle%20horizon	The particle horizon (also called the cosmological horizon, the comoving horizon (in Scott Dodelson's text), or the cosmic light horizon) is the maximum distance from which light from particles could have traveled to the observer in the age of the universe. Much like the concept of a terrestrial horizon, it represents ...	Particle horizon	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	920	[ "Astronomical sub-disciplines", "Theoretical physics", "Physical cosmology", "Astrophysics" ]
331,921	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common%20name	In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often contrasted with the scientific name for the same organism, which is often based in...	Common name	[ "Biology" ]	2,315	[ "Biological nomenclature", "Common names of organisms" ]
332,079	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground%20truth	Ground truth is information that is known to be real or true, provided by direct observation and measurement (i.e. empirical evidence) as opposed to information provided by inference. Etymology The Oxford English Dictionary (s.v. ground truth) records the use of the word Groundtruth in the sense of 'fundamental truth'...	Ground truth	[ "Technology" ]	1,399	[ "Computational linguistics", "Natural language and computing", "Data", "Automatic identification and data capture" ]
332,090	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computably%20enumerable%20set	In computability theory, a set S of natural numbers is called computably enumerable (c.e.), recursively enumerable (r.e.), semidecidable, partially decidable, listable, provable or Turing-recognizable if: There is an algorithm such that the set of input numbers for which the algorithm halts is exactly S. Or, equival...	Computably enumerable set	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,609	[ "Computability theory", "Mathematical logic" ]
332,095	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teip	A teip (also taip, tayp, teyp; Chechen and Ingush: тайпа, romanized: taypa , family, kin, clan, tribe) is a Chechen and Ingush tribal organization or clan, self-identified through descent from a common ancestor or geographic location. It is a sub-unit of the tukkhum and shahar. There are about 150 Chechen and 120 In...	Teip	[ "Biology" ]	1,730	[ "Behavior", "Human behavior", "Kinship and descent" ]
332,183	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Stewart%20%28mathematician%29	Ian Nicholas Stewart (born 24 September 1945) is a British mathematician and a popular-science and science-fiction writer. He is Emeritus Professor of Mathematics at the University of Warwick, England. Education and early life Stewart was born in 1945 in Folkestone, England. While in the sixth form at Harvey Gramma...	Ian Stewart (mathematician)	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,591	[ "Recreational mathematics", "Recreational mathematicians" ]
332,193	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantom%20power	Phantom power, in the context of professional audio equipment, is DC electric power equally applied to both signal wires in balanced microphone cables, forming a phantom circuit, to operate microphones that contain active electronic circuitry. It is best known as a convenient power source for condenser microphones, tho...	Phantom power	[ "Engineering" ]	2,704	[ "Electrical engineering", "Audio engineering" ]
332,222	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hushmail	Hushmail is an encrypted proprietary web-based email service offering PGP-encrypted e-mail and vanity domain service. Hushmail uses OpenPGP standards. If public encryption keys are available to both recipient and sender (either both are Hushmail users or have uploaded PGP keys to the Hush keyserver), Hushmail can conve...	Hushmail	[ "Mathematics" ]	841	[ "Cryptographic software", "Mathematical software" ]
332,229	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additive%20group	An additive group is a group of which the group operation is to be thought of as addition in some sense. It is usually abelian, and typically written using the symbol + for its binary operation. This terminology is widely used with structures equipped with several operations for specifying the structure obtained by f...	Additive group	[ "Mathematics" ]	145	[ "Mathematical structures", "Mathematical objects", "Group theory", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Algebraic structures" ]
332,256	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel%27s%20horn	A Gabriel's horn (also called Torricelli's trumpet) is a type of geometric figure that has infinite surface area but finite volume. The name refers to the Christian tradition where the archangel Gabriel blows the horn to announce Judgment Day. The properties of this figure were first studied by Italian physicist and ma...	Gabriel's horn	[ "Mathematics" ]	3,157	[ "Eponyms in geometry", "Calculus", "Paradoxes of infinity", "Mathematical objects", "Infinity", "Mathematical paradoxes", "Geometry", "Mathematical problems" ]
332,264	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computable%20set	In computability theory, a set of natural numbers is called computable, recursive, or decidable if there is an algorithm which takes a number as input, terminates after a finite amount of time (possibly depending on the given number) and correctly decides whether the number belongs to the set or not. A set which is no...	Computable set	[ "Mathematics" ]	788	[ "Computability theory", "Mathematical logic" ]
332,307	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociable%20number	In mathematics, sociable numbers are numbers whose aliquot sums form a periodic sequence. They are generalizations of the concepts of perfect numbers and amicable numbers. The first two sociable sequences, or sociable chains, were discovered and named by the Belgian mathematician Paul Poulet in 1918. In a sociable sequ...	Sociable number	[ "Mathematics" ]	997	[ "Sequences and series", "Discrete mathematics", "Integer sequences", "Mathematical structures", "Recreational mathematics", "Mathematical objects", "Arithmetic dynamics", "Combinatorics", "Numbers", "Number theory", "Dynamical systems" ]
332,326	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlordecone	Chlordecone, better known in the United States under the brand name Kepone, is an organochlorine compound and a colourless solid. It is an obsolete insecticide, now prohibited in the western world, but only after many thousands of tonnes had been produced and used. Chlordecone is a known persistent organic pollutant th...	Chlordecone	[ "Chemistry", "Environmental_science" ]	1,383	[ "Toxicology", "Male reproductive toxicants", "Persistent organic pollutants under the Stockholm Convention", "Persistent organic pollutants under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution", "Endocrine disruptors", "Ketones", "Functional groups", "Carcinogens", "Neurochemistry", "Neu...
332,341	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial%20data%20processing	Industrial data processing is a branch of applied computer science that covers the area of design and programming of computerized systems which are not computers as such — often referred to as embedded systems (PLCs, automated systems, intelligent instruments, etc.). The products concerned contain at least one micropr...	Industrial data processing	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	124	[ "Computer engineering", "Computer science stubs", "Computer science", "Computing stubs", "Electrical engineering" ]
332,372	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate%20%28mathematics%29	In mathematics, a rate is the quotient of two quantities, often represented as a fraction. If the divisor (or fraction denominator) in the rate is equal to one expressed as a single unit, and if it is assumed that this quantity can be changed systematically (i.e., is an independent variable), then the dividend (the fra...	Rate (mathematics)	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,372	[ "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Measurement", "Size", "Arithmetic", "Quotients" ]
332,389	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastrozole	Anastrozole, sold under the brand name Arimidex among others, is an antiestrogenic medication used in addition to other treatments for breast cancer. Specifically it is used for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. It has also been used to prevent breast cancer in those at high risk. It is taken by mouth. Common s...	Anastrozole	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,995	[ "Nitriles", "Functional groups" ]
332,410	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preamplifier	A preamplifier, also known as a preamp, is an electronic amplifier that converts a weak electrical signal into an output signal strong enough to be noise-tolerant and strong enough for further processing, or for sending to a power amplifier and a loudspeaker. Without this, the final signal would be noisy or distorted....	Preamplifier	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	660	[ "Electrical engineering", "Audio engineering", "Electronic amplifiers", "Amplifiers" ]
332,411	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrested%20decay	Arrested decay is a term coined by the U.S. State of California, to explain how it would preserve its Bodie State Historic Park. A more common application of this concept is the preservation of war ruins as memorials. United States At Bodie State Historic Park, the structures will be maintained, but only to the exten...	Arrested decay	[ "Engineering" ]	557	[ "Construction", "Building" ]
332,416	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexamethasone	Dexamethasone is a fluorinated glucocorticoid medication used to treat rheumatic problems, a number of skin diseases, severe allergies, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), croup, brain swelling, eye pain following eye surgery, superior vena cava syndrome (a complication of some forms of cancer), and a...	Dexamethasone	[ "Chemistry" ]	4,657	[ "Chemicals in medicine", "COVID-19 drug development", "Drug discovery", "Chemical substances for emergency medicine" ]
332,462	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media%20access%20unit	A media access unit (MAU), also known as a multistation access unit (MAU or MSAU), is a device to attach multiple network stations in a ring topology when the cabling is done in a star topology as a Token Ring network, internally wired to connect the stations into a logical ring (generally passive i.e. non-switched a...	Media access unit	[ "Engineering" ]	528	[ "Computer networks engineering", "Networking hardware" ]
332,621	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditarily%20finite%20set	In mathematics and set theory, hereditarily finite sets are defined as finite sets whose elements are all hereditarily finite sets. In other words, the set itself is finite, and all of its elements are finite sets, recursively all the way down to the empty set. Formal definition A recursive definition of well-founded ...	Hereditarily finite set	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,243	[ "Mathematical logic", "Set theory" ]
332,640	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotient	In arithmetic, a quotient (from 'how many times', pronounced ) is a quantity produced by the division of two numbers. The quotient has widespread use throughout mathematics. It has two definitions: either the integer part of a division (in the case of Euclidean division) or a fraction or ratio (in the case of a genera...	Quotient	[ "Mathematics" ]	801	[ "Arithmetic", "Quotients" ]
332,652	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geniac	Geniac was an educational toy sold as a mechanical computer designed and marketed by Edmund Berkeley, with Oliver Garfield from 1955 to 1958, but with Garfield continuing without Berkeley through the 1960s. The name stood for "Genius Almost-automatic Computer" but suggests a portmanteau of genius and ENIAC (the first ...	Geniac	[ "Physics", "Technology" ]	835	[ "Physical systems", "Machines", "Mechanical computers" ]
332,666	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%C3%A7ade	A façade or facade (; ) is generally the front part or exterior of a building. It is a loanword from the French (), which means "frontage" or "face". In architecture, the façade of a building is often the most important aspect from a design standpoint, as it sets the tone for the rest of the building. From the engine...	Façade	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	834	[ "Building engineering", "Architectural elements", "Civil engineering", "Components", "Architecture" ]
332,718	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siegfried%20Line	The Siegfried Line, known in German as the Westwall (= western bulwark), was a German defensive line built during the late 1930s. Started in 1936, opposite the French Maginot Line, it stretched more than from Kleve on the border with the Netherlands, along the western border of Nazi Germany, to the town of Weil am Rhe...	Siegfried Line	[ "Engineering" ]	3,003	[ "Siegfried Line", "Military engineering", "Fortification lines", "Historic defensive lines" ]
332,770	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lila%20%28Hinduism%29	Lila ( ) or leela () can be loosely translated as "divine play". The concept of lila asserts that creation, instead of being an objective for achieving any purpose, is rather an outcome of the playful nature of the divine. As the divine is perfect, it could have no want fulfilled, thereby signifying freedom, instead of...	Lila (Hinduism)	[ "Biology" ]	1,040	[ "Play (activity)", "Behavior", "Human behavior" ]
332,902	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympiad	An olympiad (, Olympiás) is a period of four years, particularly those associated with the ancient and modern Olympic Games. Although the ancient Olympics were established during Greece's Archaic Era, it was not until Hippias that a consistent list was established and not until Ephorus in the Hellenistic period that t...	Olympiad	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	2,461	[ "Physical quantities", "Time", "Units of time", "Quantity", "Spacetime", "Units of measurement" ]
332,907	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornithopter	An ornithopter (from Greek ornis, ornith- 'bird' and pteron 'wing') is an aircraft that flies by flapping its wings. Designers sought to imitate the flapping-wing flight of birds, bats, and insects. Though machines may differ in form, they are usually built on the same scale as flying animals. Larger, crewed ornithopte...	Ornithopter	[ "Engineering" ]	4,406	[ "Aircraft configurations", "Aerospace engineering" ]
332,950	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longevity%20myths	Longevity myths are traditions about long-lived people (generally supercentenarians), either as individuals or groups of people, and practices that have been believed to confer longevity, but which current scientific evidence does not support, nor the reasons for the claims. While literal interpretations of such myths ...	Longevity myths	[ "Environmental_science" ]	3,760	[ "Demography", "Environmental social science" ]
332,952	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannula	A cannula (; Latin meaning 'little reed'; : cannulae or cannulas) is a tube that can be inserted into the body, often for the delivery or removal of fluid or for the gathering of samples. In simple terms, a cannula can surround the inner or outer surfaces of a trocar needle thus extending the effective needle length by...	Cannula	[ "Biology" ]	1,899	[ "Medical equipment", "Medical technology" ]
332,989	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetative%20reproduction	Vegetative reproduction (also known as vegetative propagation, vegetative multiplication or cloning) is a form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment or cutting of the parent plant or specialized reproductive structures, which are sometimes called vegetative propagules. ...	Vegetative reproduction	[ "Engineering", "Biology" ]	2,436	[ "Behavior", "Plant reproduction", "Plants", "Reproduction", "Cloning", "Genetic engineering", "Asexual reproduction" ]
333,081	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano%20acoustics	Piano acoustics is the set of physical properties of the piano that affect its sound. It is an area of study within musical acoustics. String length, mass and tension The strings of a piano vary in diameter, and therefore in mass per length, with lower strings thicker than upper. A typical range is from for the lowe...	Piano acoustics	[ "Physics" ]	2,223	[ "Classical mechanics", "Acoustics" ]
333,088	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esalen%20Institute	The Esalen Institute, commonly called Esalen, is a non-profit American retreat center and intentional community in Big Sur, California, which focuses on humanistic alternative education. The institute played a key role in the Human Potential Movement beginning in the 1960s. Its innovative use of encounter groups, a foc...	Esalen Institute	[ "Biology" ]	5,471	[ "Personal development", "Behavior", "Human behavior" ]
333,163	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halfbeak	Hemiramphidae is a family of fishes that are commonly called halfbeaks, spipe fish or spipefish. They are a geographically widespread and numerically abundant family of epipelagic fish inhabiting warm waters around the world. The halfbeaks are named for their distinctive jaws, in which the lower jaws are significantly...	Halfbeak	[ "Biology" ]	2,094	[ "Phylogenetics", "Paraphyletic groups" ]
333,170	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluctuation%20theorem	The fluctuation theorem (FT), which originated from statistical mechanics, deals with the relative probability that the entropy of a system which is currently away from thermodynamic equilibrium (i.e., maximum entropy) will increase or decrease over a given amount of time. While the second law of thermodynamics predict...	Fluctuation theorem	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	2,937	[ "Theorems in dynamical systems", "Non-equilibrium thermodynamics", "Statistical mechanics theorems", "Theorems in mathematical physics", "Dynamical systems", "Statistical mechanics", "Physics theorems" ]
333,219	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eulerian%20path	In graph theory, an Eulerian trail (or Eulerian path) is a trail in a finite graph that visits every edge exactly once (allowing for revisiting vertices). Similarly, an Eulerian circuit or Eulerian cycle is an Eulerian trail that starts and ends on the same vertex. They were first discussed by Leonhard Euler while solv...	Eulerian path	[ "Mathematics" ]	3,156	[ "Mathematical relations", "Graph theory", "Graph theory objects" ]
333,270	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Internet%20radio%20stations	This is a list of Internet radio stations, including traditional broadcast stations which stream programming over the Internet as well as Internet-only stations. General BBC Radio France Indian Internet Radios Boxout.fm RadioJoyAlukkas.com Sarawakian Internet Radios Radio Free Sarawak Raidió Teilifís Éireann ...	List of Internet radio stations	[ "Technology" ]	245	[ "Computing-related lists", "Internet-related lists" ]
333,306	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular%20polygon	In Euclidean geometry, a regular polygon is a polygon that is direct equiangular (all angles are equal in measure) and equilateral (all sides have the same length). Regular polygons may be either convex or star. In the limit, a sequence of regular polygons with an increasing number of sides approximates a circle, if th...	Regular polygon	[ "Physics" ]	3,060	[ "Uniform polytopes", "Symmetry", "Regular polytopes" ]
333,365	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal%20logic	Modal logic is a kind of logic used to represent statements about necessity and possibility. It plays a major role in philosophy and related fields as a tool for understanding concepts such as knowledge, obligation, and causation. For instance, in epistemic modal logic, the formula can be used to represent the stateme...	Modal logic	[ "Mathematics" ]	9,233	[ "Mathematical logic", "Modal logic" ]
333,420	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes%27%20principle	Archimedes' principle (also spelled Archimedes's principle) states that the upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or partially, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces. Archimedes' principle is a law of physics fundamental to fluid mechanics. It was formul...	Archimedes' principle	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	3,679	[ "Force", "Physical quantities", "Chemical engineering", "Quantity", "Mass", "Mathematical objects", "Classical mechanics", "Equations", "Scientific laws", "Piping", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities", "Matter", "Fluid dynamics" ]
333,444	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOC%20protocol	The TOC protocol, or Talk to OSCAR protocol, was a protocol used by some third-party AOL Instant Messenger clients and several clients that AOL produced itself. Sometime near August 19, 2005, AOL discontinued support for the protocol and no longer uses it in any of the instant messaging clients it actively maintains, s...	TOC protocol	[ "Technology" ]	1,329	[ "Instant messaging", "Instant messaging protocols" ]
333,472	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High%20Energy%20Transient%20Explorer%201	High Energy Transient Explorer 1 (HETE-1) was a NASA astronomical satellite with international participation (mainly Japan and France). History The concept of a satellite capable of multi-wavelength observations of gamma-ray bursts (GRB) was discussed at the Santa Cruz, California meeting on GRBs in 1981. In 1986, th...	High Energy Transient Explorer 1	[ "Astronomy" ]	954	[ "Space telescopes" ]
333,528	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese%20language%20and%20computers	In relation to the Japanese language and computers many adaptation issues arise, some unique to Japanese and others common to languages which have a very large number of characters. The number of characters needed in order to write in English is quite small, and thus it is possible to use only one byte (28=256 possible...	Japanese language and computers	[ "Technology" ]	1,966	[ "Natural language and computing" ]
333,625	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus%20rapid%20transit	Bus rapid transit (BRT), also referred to as a busway or transitway, is a trolleybus, electric bus and public transport bus service system designed to have much more capacity, reliability, and other quality features than a conventional bus system. Typically, a BRT system includes roadways that are dedicated to buses, a...	Bus rapid transit	[ "Physics" ]	7,194	[ "Sustainable transport", "Transport", "Physical systems" ]
333,633	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B612%20Foundation	The B612 Foundation is a private nonprofit foundation headquartered in Mill Valley, California, United States, dedicated to planetary science and planetary defense against asteroids and other near-Earth object (NEO) impacts. It is led mainly by scientists, former astronauts and engineers from the Institute for Advance...	B612 Foundation	[ "Astronomy" ]	12,272	[ "Planetary defense organizations", "Astronomical surveys", "Works about astronomy", "Astronomy organizations", "Planetary science", "Astronomical objects", "Astronomical sub-disciplines" ]
333,676	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20content%20management%20systems	Content management systems (CMS) are used to organize and facilitate collaborative content creation. Many of them are built on top of separate content management frameworks. The list is limited to notable services. Open source software This section lists free and open-source software that can be installed and manag...	List of content management systems	[ "Technology" ]	219	[ "Computing-related lists", "Lists of software" ]
333,677	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowhere%20continuous%20function	In mathematics, a nowhere continuous function, also called an everywhere discontinuous function, is a function that is not continuous at any point of its domain. If is a function from real numbers to real numbers, then is nowhere continuous if for each point there is some such that for every we can find a point s...	Nowhere continuous function	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	731	[ "Mathematical analysis", "Functions and mappings", "Mathematical objects", "Topology", "Space", "Mathematical relations", "Geometry", "Spacetime", "Types of functions" ]
333,692	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation%20protection	Radiation protection, also known as radiological protection, is defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as "The protection of people from harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation, and the means for achieving this". Exposure can be from a source of radiation external to the human body or due to...	Radiation protection	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Biology" ]	6,433	[ "Radiation health effects", "Radiobiology", "Nuclear physics", "Radiation effects", "Radioactivity" ]
333,824	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn%20clause	In mathematical logic and logic programming, a Horn clause is a logical formula of a particular rule-like form that gives it useful properties for use in logic programming, formal specification, universal algebra and model theory. Horn clauses are named for the logician Alfred Horn, who first pointed out their signific...	Horn clause	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,259	[ "Mathematical logic", "Logic in computer science" ]
333,835	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20object	In mathematics, the idea of a free object is one of the basic concepts of abstract algebra. Informally, a free object over a set A can be thought of as being a "generic" algebraic structure over A: the only equations that hold between elements of the free object are those that follow from the defining axioms of the alg...	Free object	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,875	[ "Mathematical structures", "Algebra", "Combinatorics", "Algebraic structures", "Category theory", "Abstract algebra", "Combinatorics on words", "Free algebraic structures" ]
333,853	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Watson%20Dyson	Sir Frank Watson Dyson, KBE, FRS, FRSE (8 January 1868 – 25 May 1939) was an English astronomer and the ninth Astronomer Royal who is remembered today largely for introducing time signals ("pips") from Greenwich, England, and for the role he played in proving Einstein's theory of general relativity. Biography Dyson w...	Frank Watson Dyson	[ "Astronomy" ]	1,080	[ "Astronomers", "Presidents of the International Astronomical Union" ]
333,925	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handicap%20principle	The handicap principle is a disputed hypothesis proposed by the Israeli biologist Amotz Zahavi in 1975. It is meant to explain how "signal selection" during mate choice may lead to "honest" or reliable signalling between male and female animals which have an obvious motivation to bluff or deceive each other. The handic...	Handicap principle	[ "Biology" ]	2,264	[ "Evolutionary processes", "Selection", "Behavior", "Behavioural sciences", "Ethology", "Sexual selection", "Mating" ]

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