id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 31 227 | text stringlengths 6 334k | source stringlengths 1 150 ⌀ | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 71.8k | subcategories listlengths 0 30 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
333,981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleomorph | Nucleomorphs are small, vestigial eukaryotic nuclei found between the inner and outer pairs of membranes in certain plastids. They are thought to be vestiges of red and green algal nuclei that were engulfed by a larger eukaryote. Because the nucleomorph lies between two sets of membranes, nucleomorphs support the endos... | Nucleomorph | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,437 | [
"Plant physiology",
"Behavior",
"Algae",
"Symbiosis",
"Plants",
"Endosymbiotic events",
"Biological interactions",
"Microbiology",
"Phycology",
"Microscopy"
] |
333,996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrametric%20space | In mathematics, an ultrametric space is a metric space in which the triangle inequality is strengthened to for all , , and . Sometimes the associated metric is also called a non-Archimedean metric or super-metric.
Formal definition
An ultrametric on a set is a real-valued function
(where denote the real numbers)... | Ultrametric space | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,166 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Metric spaces"
] |
334,173 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20garden%20plants%20in%20North%20America | This is a partial list of garden plants, plants that can be cultivated in gardens in North America, listed alphabetically by genus.
A
Abelia
Abeliophyllum (white forsythia)
Abelmoschus (okra)
Abies (fir)
Abroma
Abromeitiella (obsolete)
Abronia (sand verbena)
Abrus
Abutilon
Acacia (wattle)
Acaena
Acalypha... | List of garden plants in North America | [
"Biology"
] | 10,966 | [
"Lists of biota",
"Lists of plants",
"Plants"
] |
334,186 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20mountains%20on%20the%20Moon | This is a list of mountains on the Moon (with a scope including all named mons and montes, planetary science jargon terms roughly equivalent to 'isolated mountain'/'massif' and 'mountain range').
Caveats
This list is not comprehensive, as surveying of the Moon is a work in progress.
Heights are in meters; most pea... | List of mountains on the Moon | [
"Astronomy"
] | 360 | [
"Lists of extraterrestrial mountains",
"Astronomy-related lists"
] |
334,290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralino | In supersymmetry, the neutralino is a hypothetical particle. In the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), a popular model of realization of supersymmetry at a low energy, there are four neutralinos that are fermions and are electrically neutral, the lightest of which is stable in an R-parity conserved scenario ... | Neutralino | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Astronomy"
] | 1,031 | [
"Dark matter",
"Symmetry",
"Unsolved problems in astronomy",
"Supersymmetric quantum field theory",
"Concepts in astronomy",
"Fermions",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Subatomic particles",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Exotic matter",
"Hypothetical elementary particles",
"Supersymmetry",
"... |
334,320 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule%20of%2072 | In finance, the rule of 72, the rule of 70 and the rule of 69.3 are methods for estimating an investment's doubling time. The rule number (e.g., 72) is divided by the interest percentage per period (usually years) to obtain the approximate number of periods required for doubling. Although scientific calculators and sp... | Rule of 72 | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,272 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"E (mathematical constant)",
"Mental calculation",
"Arithmetic",
"Exponentials",
"Mathematical finance"
] |
334,420 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications%20device%20for%20the%20deaf | A telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD) is a teleprinter, an electronic device for text communication over a telephone line, that is designed for use by persons with hearing or speech difficulties. Other names for the device include teletypewriter (TTY), textphone (common in Europe), and minicom (United Kingdom... | Telecommunications device for the deaf | [
"Technology"
] | 3,339 | [
"Information and communications technology",
"Telecommunications"
] |
334,423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AX.25 | AX.25 (Amateur X.25) is a data link layer protocol originally derived from layer 2 of the X.25 protocol suite and designed for use by amateur radio operators. It is used extensively on amateur packet radio networks.
AX.25 v2.0 is responsible for establishing link layer connections, transferring data encapsulated in fr... | AX.25 | [
"Technology"
] | 2,304 | [
"Wireless networking",
"Packet radio"
] |
334,463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corm | Corm, bulbo-tuber, or bulbotuber is a short, vertical, swollen underground plant stem that serves as a storage organ that some plants use to survive winter or other adverse conditions such as summer drought and heat (perennation).
The word cormous usually means plants that grow from corms, parallel to the terms tubero... | Corm | [
"Biology"
] | 1,431 | [
"Behavior",
"Plant reproduction",
"Plants",
"Reproduction"
] |
334,626 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone%20booth | A telephone booth, telephone kiosk, telephone call box, telephone box or public call box is a tiny structure furnished with a payphone and designed for a telephone user's convenience; typically the user steps into the booth and closes the booth door while using the payphone inside.
In the United States and Canada, "te... | Telephone booth | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,495 | [
"Vending machines",
"Automation"
] |
334,641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directory%20service | In computing, a directory service or name service maps the names of network resources to their respective network addresses. It is a shared information infrastructure for locating, managing, administering and organizing everyday items and network resources, which can include volumes, folders, files, printers, users, gr... | Directory service | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,533 | [
"Cybersecurity engineering",
"Computer access control"
] |
334,779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadu-Gadu | Gadu-Gadu (Polish for "chit-chat"; commonly known as GG or gg) is a Polish instant messaging client using a proprietary protocol. At one time, Gadu-Gadu was the most popular IM service in Poland, with over 15 million registered accounts and approximately 6.5 million users online daily. Gadu-Gadu's casual gaming portal ... | Gadu-Gadu | [
"Technology"
] | 687 | [
"Instant messaging",
"Instant messaging clients"
] |
334,803 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20sector | The public sector, also called the state sector, is the part of the economy composed of both public services and public enterprises. Public sectors include the public goods and governmental services such as the military, law enforcement, public infrastructure, public transit, public education, along with public health ... | Public sector | [
"Technology"
] | 1,187 | [
"Economic sectors",
"Components"
] |
334,816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route%20of%20administration | In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the way by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body.
Routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. Common examples include oral and intravenous administration. Routes can ... | Route of administration | [
"Chemistry"
] | 4,148 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Pharmacokinetics",
"Products of chemical industry",
"Routes of administration",
"Chemicals in medicine",
"Drugs"
] |
334,820 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcutaneous%20administration | Subcutaneous administration is the insertion of medications beneath the skin either by injection or infusion.
A subcutaneous injection is administered as a bolus into the subcutis, the layer of skin directly below the dermis and epidermis, collectively referred to as the cutis. The instruments are usually a hypodermic... | Subcutaneous administration | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,310 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Routes of administration"
] |
334,821 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramuscular%20injection | Intramuscular injection, often abbreviated IM, is the injection of a substance into a muscle. In medicine, it is one of several methods for parenteral administration of medications. Intramuscular injection may be preferred because muscles have larger and more numerous blood vessels than subcutaneous tissue, leading to ... | Intramuscular injection | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,960 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Routes of administration"
] |
334,940 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic%20transmission | An automatic transmission (sometimes abbreviated AT) is a multi-speed transmission used in motor vehicles that does not require any input from the driver to change forward gears under normal driving conditions.
The 1904 Sturtevant "horseless carriage gearbox" is often considered to be the first true automatic transmis... | Automatic transmission | [
"Physics"
] | 5,178 | [
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical power control"
] |
334,947 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business%20Process%20Execution%20Language | The Web Services Business Process Execution Language (WS-BPEL), commonly known as BPEL (Business Process Execution Language), is an OASIS standard executable language for specifying actions within business processes with web services. Processes in BPEL export and import information by using web service interfaces exclu... | Business Process Execution Language | [
"Technology"
] | 2,649 | [
"Computer standards",
"XML-based standards"
] |
334,955 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapeutic%20index | The therapeutic index (TI; also referred to as therapeutic ratio) is a quantitative measurement of the relative safety of a drug with regard to risk of overdose. It is a comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes toxicity to the amount that causes the therapeutic effect. The related terms therapeutic w... | Therapeutic index | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,160 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Life sciences industry",
"Pharmacokinetics"
] |
334,986 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allopatric%20speciation | Allopatric speciation () – also referred to as geographic speciation, vicariant speciation, or its earlier name the dumbbell model – is a mode of speciation that occurs when biological populations become geographically isolated from each other to an extent that prevents or interferes with gene flow.
Various geographic... | Allopatric speciation | [
"Biology"
] | 6,988 | [
"Evolutionary biology",
"Evolutionary processes",
"Speciation",
"Biogeography",
"Ecology"
] |
334,998 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP%2049/50%20series | The HP 49/50 series are Hewlett-Packard (HP) manufactured graphing calculators. They are the successors of the HP 48 series.
There are five calculators in the 49/50 series of HP graphing calculators. These calculators have both algebraic and RPN entry modes, and can perform numeric and symbolic calculations using the... | HP 49/50 series | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,765 | [
"Computer algebra systems",
"Mathematical software"
] |
3,033,116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20Glushkov | Victor Mikhailovich Glushkov (; August 24, 1923 – January 30, 1982) was a Soviet computer scientist, the founding father of information technology in the Soviet Union and one of the founding fathers of Soviet cybernetics.
Biography
He was born in Rostov-on-Don, Russian SFSR, in the family of a mining engineer. Glushk... | Victor Glushkov | [
"Engineering"
] | 687 | [
"Government by algorithm",
"Automation"
] |
3,033,136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point%20of%20beginning | The point of beginning is a surveyor's mark at the beginning location for the wide-scale surveying of land.
An example is the Beginning Point of the U.S. Public Land Survey that led to the opening of the Northwest Territory, and is the starting point of the surveys of almost all other lands to the west, reaching all t... | Point of beginning | [
"Engineering"
] | 140 | [
"Surveying",
"Civil engineering"
] |
3,033,151 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltese%20units%20of%20measurement | In modern usage, metric is used almost exclusively in commercial transactions. These units are mostly historical, although they are still used in some limited contexts and in Maltese idioms and set phrases. Many of these terms are directly related to Arabic units and some to Sicilian units. The Weights and Measures Or... | Maltese units of measurement | [
"Mathematics"
] | 429 | [
"Obsolete units of measurement",
"Systems of units",
"Units of measurement by country",
"Quantity",
"Units of measurement"
] |
3,033,334 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/724%20Hapag | 724 Hapag is a minor planet orbiting the Sun in the asteroid belt that was found by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa in 1911 and named after the German shipping company Hamburg America Line. It was assigned a provisional name of 1911 NC, then became a lost asteroid until it was rediscovered in 1988 as by Tsutomu Hiok... | 724 Hapag | [
"Astronomy"
] | 152 | [
"Recovered astronomical objects",
"Astronomical objects"
] |
3,033,696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai%20Chebotaryov | Nikolai Grigorievich Chebotaryov (often spelled Chebotarov or Chebotarev, , ) ( – 2 July 1947) was a Soviet mathematician. He is best known for the Chebotaryov density theorem.
He was a student of Dmitry Grave, a Russian mathematician. Chebotaryov worked on the algebra of polynomials, in particular examining the distr... | Nikolai Chebotaryov | [
"Mathematics"
] | 349 | [
"Number theorists",
"Number theory"
] |
3,033,762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20%C5%9Aleszy%C5%84ski | Ivan Vladislavovich Sleshinsky or Jan Śleszyński () (23 July 1854 – 9 March 1931) was a Polish-Russian mathematician. He was born in Lysianka, Russian Empire to Polish parents.
Life
Śleszyński's main work was on continued fractions, least squares and axiomatic proof theory based on mathematical logic. He and Alfred P... | Jan Śleszyński | [
"Mathematics"
] | 211 | [
"Proof theorists",
"Proof theory"
] |
3,034,047 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecrasite | Ecrasite is an explosive material which is unaffected by moisture, shock or fire. It is a mixture of ammonium salts of cresol, phenol and various nitrocresols and nitrophenols principally trinitrocresol and picric acid. It was invented in 1888-1889 by two Austrian engineers named Siersch and Kubin, and used in Austria... | Ecrasite | [
"Chemistry"
] | 291 | [
"Explosives",
"Explosions"
] |
3,034,130 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattler%20%28bird%29 | The tattlers are the two very similar bird species in the shorebird genus Tringa. They formerly had their own genus, Heteroscelus. The old genus name means "different leg" in Greek, referring to the leg scales that differentiate the tattlers from their close relatives, the shanks.
The species are:
Grey-tailed tattler... | Tattler (bird) | [
"Biology"
] | 715 | [
"Phylogenetics",
"Paraphyletic groups"
] |
3,034,280 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciprian%20Manolescu | Ciprian Manolescu (born December 24, 1978) is a Romanian-American mathematician, working in gauge theory, symplectic geometry, and low-dimensional topology. He is currently a professor of mathematics at Stanford University.
Biography
Manolescu completed his first eight classes at School no. 11 Mihai Eminescu and his s... | Ciprian Manolescu | [
"Mathematics"
] | 606 | [
"Topologists",
"Topology",
"Geometers",
"Geometry"
] |
3,034,286 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic%20lock | An electronic lock (or electric lock) is a locking device which operates by means of electric current. Electric locks are sometimes stand-alone with an electronic control assembly mounted directly to the lock. Electric locks may be connected to an access control system, the advantages of which include: key control, whe... | Electronic lock | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,145 | [
"Electronic engineering",
"Electronic circuits"
] |
3,034,318 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sternberg%20Astronomical%20Institute | The Sternberg Astronomical Institute ( in Russian), also known as GAISh (), is a research institution in Moscow, Russia, a division of Moscow State University. The institute is named after astronomer Pavel Karlovich Shternberg. It was founded in 1931, on the site of the observatory established by the university in 1831... | Sternberg Astronomical Institute | [
"Astronomy"
] | 156 | [
"Astronomy institutes and departments",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Astronomy organizations",
"Astronomy organization stubs"
] |
3,034,653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roboteer | The word roboteer refers to those with interests or careers in robotics. It dates back to the 1930s and is also used in 'Future Shock' (1970).
The term roboteer was used by Barbara Krasnov for a story on Deb Huglin, owner of the Robotorium, Inc., in New York City in the early 1980s. Huglin was a lightweight-robotics a... | Roboteer | [
"Engineering"
] | 154 | [
"Robotics",
"Automation"
] |
3,035,156 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi%20acceleration | Fermi acceleration, sometimes referred to as diffusive shock acceleration (a subclass of Fermi acceleration), is the acceleration that charged particles undergo when being repeatedly reflected, usually by a magnetic mirror (see also Centrifugal mechanism of acceleration). It receives its name from physicist Enrico Ferm... | Fermi acceleration | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 728 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Acceleration",
"Plasma physics",
"Quantity",
"Fusion power",
"Astrophysics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Motion (physics)",
"Radiation",
"Dynamics (mechanics)",
"Nuclear fusion",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Cosmic rays"... |
3,035,194 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novikov%20conjecture | The Novikov conjecture is one of the most important unsolved problems in topology. It is named for Sergei Novikov who originally posed the conjecture in 1965.
The Novikov conjecture concerns the homotopy invariance of certain polynomials in the Pontryagin classes of a manifold, arising from the fundamental group. Acc... | Novikov conjecture | [
"Mathematics"
] | 607 | [
"Geometry problems",
"Unsolved problems in mathematics",
"Unsolved problems in geometry",
"Geometric topology",
"Conjectures",
"Topology",
"Mathematical problems"
] |
3,035,321 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilet-related%20injuries%20and%20deaths | There have been many toilet-related injuries and deaths throughout history and in urban legends.
Accidental injuries
Infants and toddlers have fallen headfirst into toilet bowls and drowned. Safety devices exist to help prevent such accidents. Injuries to adults include bruised buttocks and tail bones, as well as disl... | Toilet-related injuries and deaths | [
"Technology",
"Biology"
] | 2,404 | [
"Excretion",
"nan",
"Toilets"
] |
3,035,750 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GENERIC%20formalism | In non-equilibrium thermodynamics, GENERIC is an acronym for General Equation for Non-Equilibrium Reversible-Irreversible Coupling. It is the general form of dynamic equation for a system with both reversible and irreversible dynamics (generated by energy and entropy, respectively). GENERIC formalism is the theory buil... | GENERIC formalism | [
"Mathematics"
] | 464 | [
"Non-equilibrium thermodynamics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
3,035,801 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay%20Krylov%20%28mathematician%2C%20born%201879%29 | Nikolay Mitrofanovich Krylov (, ; – May 11, 1955) was a Russian and Soviet mathematician known for works on interpolation, non-linear mechanics, and numerical methods for solving equations of mathematical physics.
Biography
Nikolay Krylov graduated from St. Petersburg State Mining Institute in 1902. In the period fro... | Nikolay Krylov (mathematician, born 1879) | [
"Engineering"
] | 593 | [
"Control engineering",
"Control theorists"
] |
3,035,940 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorophyll%20d | Chlorophyll d (Chl d) is a form of chlorophyll, identified by Harold Strain and Winston Manning in 1943. It was unambiguously identified in Acaryochloris marina in the 1990s. It is present in cyanobacteria which use energy captured from sunlight for photosynthesis. Chl d absorbs far-red light, at 710 nm wavelength, jus... | Chlorophyll d | [
"Chemistry"
] | 198 | [
"Photosynthetic pigments",
"Photosynthesis"
] |
3,035,941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorophyll%20b | Chlorophyll b is a form of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll b helps in photosynthesis by absorbing light energy. It is more soluble than chlorophyll a in polar solvents because of its carbonyl group. Its color is green, and it primarily absorbs blue light.
In land plants, the light-harvesting antennae around photosystem II co... | Chlorophyll b | [
"Chemistry"
] | 383 | [
"Photosynthetic pigments",
"Photosynthesis"
] |
3,036,126 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vafa%E2%80%93Witten%20theorem | In theoretical physics, the Vafa–Witten theorem, named after Cumrun Vafa and Edward Witten, is a theorem that shows that vector-like global symmetries (those that transform as expected under reflections) such as isospin and baryon number in vector-like gauge theories like quantum chromodynamics cannot be spontaneously ... | Vafa–Witten theorem | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 116 | [
"Theorems in quantum mechanics",
"Equations of physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theorems in mathematical physics",
"Quantum physics stubs",
"Physics theorems"
] |
3,036,189 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor%20tester | Transistor testers are instruments for testing the electrical behavior of transistors and solid-state diodes.
Types of tester
There are three types of transistor testers each performing a unique operation.
Quick-check in-circuit checker
Service type tester
Laboratory-standard tester
In addition, curve tracers ar... | Transistor tester | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 551 | [
"Electronic test equipment",
"Measuring instruments"
] |
3,036,289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weil%27s%20conjecture%20on%20Tamagawa%20numbers | In mathematics, the Weil conjecture on Tamagawa numbers is the statement that the Tamagawa number of a simply connected simple algebraic group defined over a number field is 1. In this case, simply connected means "not having a proper algebraic covering" in the algebraic group theory sense, which is not always the top... | Weil's conjecture on Tamagawa numbers | [
"Mathematics"
] | 460 | [
"Mathematical theorems",
"Mathematical problems",
"Conjectures that have been proved"
] |
3,036,467 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodular%20sclerosing%20Hodgkin%20lymphoma | Nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma ("NSHL") or Nodular sclerosis is a form of Hodgkin's lymphoma that is the most common subtype of HL in developed countries. It affects females slightly more than males and has a median age of onset at ~28 years. It is composed of large tumor nodules with lacunar Reed–Sternberg cell ... | Nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma | [
"Chemistry"
] | 205 | [
"Histopathology",
"Microscopy"
] |
3,036,498 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety%20reflector | A safety reflector is a retroreflector intended for pedestrians, runners, motorized and non-motorized vehicles. A safety reflector is similar to reflective stripes that can be found on safety vests and clothing worn by road workers and rescue workers. They are sometimes erroneously called luminous badges or luminous ta... | Safety reflector | [
"Technology"
] | 1,230 | [
"Vehicle parts",
"Components"
] |
3,036,515 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20eponyms%20of%20special%20functions | This is a list of special function eponyms in mathematics, to cover the theory of special functions, the differential equations they satisfy, named differential operators of the theory (but not intended to include every mathematical eponym). Named symmetric functions, and other special polynomials, are included.
A
Nie... | List of eponyms of special functions | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,216 | [
"Special functions",
"Combinatorics"
] |
3,036,665 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/843%20Nicolaia | 843 Nicolaia is a main-belt asteroid discovered by Danish astronomer H. Thiele on 30 September 1916. It was a lost asteroid for 65 years before being rediscovered by Astronomisches Rechen-Institut at Heidelberg in 1981. The asteroid is orbiting the Sun with a period of 3.44 years.
References
External links
0008... | 843 Nicolaia | [
"Astronomy"
] | 90 | [
"Recovered astronomical objects",
"Astronomical objects"
] |
3,036,745 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/878%20Mildred | 878 Mildred is a minor planet in the main belt orbiting the Sun. It is the lowest numbered, and thus the namesake, of the Mildred family of asteroids, a subgroup of the Nysa family. The Mildred subgroup, and by extension 878 Mildred itself, is thought to have been formed by a recent fragmentation event from a larger as... | 878 Mildred | [
"Astronomy"
] | 271 | [
"Recovered astronomical objects",
"Astronomical objects"
] |
3,036,816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whittaker%20function | In mathematics, a Whittaker function is a special solution of Whittaker's equation, a modified form of the confluent hypergeometric equation introduced by to make the formulas involving the solutions more symmetric. More generally, introduced Whittaker functions of reductive groups over local fields, where the functi... | Whittaker function | [
"Mathematics"
] | 281 | [
"Special functions",
"Combinatorics"
] |
3,036,860 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation%20Fishbowl | Operation Fishbowl was a series of high-altitude nuclear tests in 1962 that were carried out by the United States as a part of the larger Operation Dominic nuclear test program.
Introduction
The Operation Fishbowl nuclear tests were originally to be completed during the first half of 1962 with three tests named Blueg... | Operation Fishbowl | [
"Physics"
] | 5,061 | [
"Electromagnetic radiation",
"Physical phenomena",
"Radiation"
] |
3,037,035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree-constrained%20spanning%20tree | In graph theory, a degree-constrained spanning tree is a spanning tree where the maximum vertex degree is limited to a certain constant k. The degree-constrained spanning tree problem is to determine whether a particular graph has such a spanning tree for a particular k.
Formal definition
Input: n-node undirected gra... | Degree-constrained spanning tree | [
"Mathematics"
] | 309 | [
"NP-complete problems",
"Mathematical problems",
"Computational problems"
] |
3,037,149 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanocar | The nanocar is a molecule designed in 2005 at Rice University by a group headed by Professor James Tour. Despite the name, the original nanocar does not contain a molecular motor, hence, it is not really a car. Rather, it was designed to answer the question of how fullerenes move about on metal surfaces; specifically, ... | Nanocar | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,263 | [
"Machines",
"Materials science",
"Molecular machines",
"Physical systems",
"Nanotechnology"
] |
11,869,868 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu%20Cheng-wen%20%28biochemist%29 | Wu Cheng-wen (; born 19 June 1938) is a Taiwanese biochemist. He is the founding president of National Health Research Institutes, serving from 1996 to 2005.
Wu was elected as an academician of Taiwan's Academia Sinica in 1984. He is a 1988 Guggenheim fellow, as well as a 2011 recipient of the in Life Sciences.
Wu w... | Wu Cheng-wen (biochemist) | [
"Chemistry"
] | 200 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Biochemists",
"Biochemist stubs"
] |
11,869,902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geosynchronous%20satellite | A geosynchronous satellite is a satellite in geosynchronous orbit, with an orbital period the same as the Earth's rotation period. Such a satellite returns to the same position in the sky after each sidereal day, and over the course of a day traces out a path in the sky that is typically some form of analemma. A specia... | Geosynchronous satellite | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,235 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Satellite broadcasting"
] |
11,869,917 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast%20Asian%20haze | The Southeast Asian haze is a fire-related recurrent transboundary air pollution issue. Haze events, where air quality reaches hazardous levels due to high concentrations of airborne particulate matter from burning biomass, have caused adverse health, environmental and economic impacts in several countries in Southeast... | Southeast Asian haze | [
"Physics"
] | 3,136 | [
"Visibility",
"Smog",
"Physical quantities"
] |
11,869,942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutter%20%28radar%29 | Clutter is the unwanted return (echoes) in electronic systems, particularly in reference to radars. Such echoes are typically returned from ground, sea, rain, animals/insects, chaff and atmospheric turbulences, and can cause serious performance issues with radar systems. What one person considers to be unwanted clutter... | Clutter (radar) | [
"Physics"
] | 2,070 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Radio frequency propagation",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Waves"
] |
11,870,065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tovex | Tovex (also known as Trenchrite, Seismogel, and Seismopac) is a water-gel explosive composed of ammonium nitrate and methylammonium nitrate that has several advantages over traditional dynamite, including lower toxicity and safer manufacture, transport, and storage. It has thus almost entirely replaced dynamite.
There ... | Tovex | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,465 | [
"Explosives",
"Explosions"
] |
11,870,817 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octacube%20%28sculpture%29 | The Octacube is a large, stainless steel sculpture displayed in the mathematics department of Pennsylvania State University in State College, PA. The sculpture represents a mathematical object called the 24-cell or "octacube". Because a real 24-cell is four-dimensional, the artwork is actually a projection into the thr... | Octacube (sculpture) | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,368 | [
"Group theory",
"Quantum field theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
11,871,466 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net%20interest%20spread | Net interest spread refers to the difference in borrowing and lending rates of financial institutions (such as banks) in nominal terms. It is considered analogous to the gross margin of non-financial companies.
Net interest spread is expressed as interest yield on earning assets (any asset, such as a loan, that genera... | Net interest spread | [
"Mathematics"
] | 409 | [
"Financial ratios",
"Quantity",
"Metrics"
] |
11,871,683 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epsilon%20Eridani%20b | Epsilon Eridani b, also known as AEgir , is an exoplanet approximately 10.5 light-years away orbiting the star Epsilon Eridani, in the constellation of Eridanus (the River). The planet was discovered in 2000, and as of 2024 remains the only confirmed planet in its planetary system. It orbits at around 3.5 AU with a per... | Epsilon Eridani b | [
"Astronomy"
] | 1,129 | [] |
11,872,111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturally%20occurring%20radioactive%20material | Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) and technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM) consist of materials, usually industrial wastes or by-products enriched with radioactive elements found in the environment, such as uranium, thorium and potassium and any of their decay produ... | Naturally occurring radioactive material | [
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,889 | [
"Water pollution",
"Hazardous waste",
"Environmental impact of nuclear power",
"Radioactivity",
"Radioactive waste"
] |
11,872,205 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14%20Herculis%20c | 14 Herculis c or 14 Her c is an exoplanet approximately 58.4 light-years away in the constellation of Hercules. The planet was found orbiting the star 14 Herculis, with a mass that would make the planet a gas giant roughly the same size as Jupiter but much more massive. It was discovered on November 17, 2005 and publi... | 14 Herculis c | [
"Astronomy"
] | 246 | [
"Hercules (constellation)",
"Constellations"
] |
11,872,693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printed%20matter | Printed matter is a term, mostly used by mailing systems, normally used to describe mechanically printed materials for which reduced fees are paid which are lower than first-class mail. Each postal administration has its own rules for what may be posted as printed matter. In the Great Britain a special "Book Post" was ... | Printed matter | [
"Technology"
] | 428 | [
"Transport systems",
"Postal systems"
] |
11,872,944 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manzana%20%28unit%29 | A is a unit of area used in Argentina and in many Central American countries, originally defined as 10,000 square in Spanish customary units. In other Spanish-speaking regions, the term has the meaning of a city block.
Today its size varies between countries:
In Argentina it is a hectare, 10,000 m2.
In most Centra... | Manzana (unit) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 170 | [
"Quantity",
"Units of area",
"Units of measurement"
] |
11,873,798 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba%20902T | The Toshiba 902T was a 3G cellphone made by Toshiba in 2005, and was sold under Vodafone Japan (now SoftBank Mobile). It's a variant of worldwide version TS921, that featured a 1.92-megapixel camera, a QVGA screen, a Bluetooth device, and "Active Turn Style" two-rotation axes display design.
902T | Toshiba 902T | [
"Technology"
] | 91 | [
"Mobile technology stubs",
"Mobile phone stubs"
] |
11,873,940 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Engineers%2C%20Columbia%20Detachment | The Columbia Detachment of the Royal Engineers was a contingent of the Royal Engineers of the British Army that was responsible for the foundation of British Columbia as the Colony of British Columbia (1858–66). It was commanded by Colonel Richard Clement Moody FICE FRGS RIBA, Kt. (Fr.).
British Columbia
Selection
Wh... | Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,684 | [
"Construction",
"Military engineering"
] |
11,876,255 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife%20of%20South%20Africa | The wildlife of South Africa consists of the flora and fauna of this country in Southern Africa. The country has a range of different habitat types and an ecologically rich and diverse wildlife, vascular plants being particularly abundant, many of them endemic to the country. There are few forested areas, much savanna ... | Wildlife of South Africa | [
"Biology"
] | 2,626 | [
"Biota by country",
"Biota of South Africa",
"Wildlife by country"
] |
11,877,899 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vruk | The Vruk is a proprietary bass drum pedal design produced by Vruk Corporation. The term vruk also refers to playing techniques associated with this design, and related accessories produced by the corporation for attachment to other brands of pedal.
Proponents claim that the technique gives greater control and in parti... | Vruk | [
"Technology"
] | 97 | [
"Components",
"Musical instrument parts and accessories"
] |
11,879,346 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirit%20world%20%28Spiritualism%29 | The spirit world, according to spiritualism, is the world or realm inhabited by spirits, both good or evil of various spiritual manifestations. This spirit world is regarded as an external environment for spirits. The Spiritualism religious movement in the nineteenth century espoused a belief in an afterlife where indi... | Spirit world (Spiritualism) | [
"Biology"
] | 554 | [
"Behavior",
"Human behavior",
"Spirituality"
] |
11,879,874 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oden%20Institute%20for%20Computational%20Engineering%20and%20Sciences | The Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences is an interdisciplinary research unit and graduate program at The University of Texas at Austin dedicated to advancing computational science and engineering through a variety of programs and research centers. The Institute currently supports 16 research cen... | Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences | [
"Mathematics"
] | 662 | [
"Computational science",
"Applied mathematics"
] |
11,880,077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile%20packet%20data%20service | MPDS or Mobile Packet Data Service provides remote users with IP capability over satellite for portable and extremely reliable communications for Internet applications such as World Wide Web access, file transfer and e-mail. It was launched by COMSAT mobile communications (CMC).
Mobile telecommunications | Mobile packet data service | [
"Technology"
] | 55 | [
"Mobile telecommunications"
] |
11,880,456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cam%20plastometer | The cam plastometer is a physical testing machine. It measures the resistance of non-brittle materials to compressive deformation at constant true-strain rates. In this way, it can be compared a bit to the Gleeble. In the early days, the machine operates at relatively low strain rates, but over time it has been enhance... | Cam plastometer | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 190 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Measuring instruments"
] |
11,880,615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azoxystrobin | Azoxystrobin is a broad spectrum systemic fungicide widely used in agriculture to protect crops from fungal diseases. It was first marketed in 1996 using the brand name Amistar and by 1999 it had been registered in 48 countries on more than 50 crops. In the year 2000 it was announced that it had been granted UK Millenn... | Azoxystrobin | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,459 | [
"Fungicides",
"Nitriles",
"Biocides",
"Functional groups"
] |
11,880,982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material%20nonimplication | Material nonimplication or abjunction (Latin ab = "away", junctio= "to join") is a term referring to a logic operation used in generic circuits and Boolean algebra. It is the negation of material implication. That is to say that for any two propositions and , the material nonimplication from to is true if and only i... | Material nonimplication | [
"Mathematics"
] | 354 | [
"Mathematical logic stubs",
"Mathematical logic"
] |
11,881,071 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilpatrick%20limit | In particle accelerators, a common mechanism for accelerating a charged particle beam is via copper resonant cavities in which electric and magnetic fields form a standing wave, the mode of which is designed so that the E field points along the axis of the accelerator, producing forward acceleration of the particles wh... | Kilpatrick limit | [
"Physics"
] | 145 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Accelerator physics",
"Experimental physics"
] |
11,881,741 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifeprunox | Bifeprunox (INN) (code name DU-127,090) is an atypical antipsychotic which, similarly to aripiprazole, combines minimal D2 receptor agonism with serotonin receptor agonism. It was under development for the treatment of schizophrenia, psychosis and Parkinson's disease.
In a multi-center, placebo-controlled study, 20 mg... | Bifeprunox | [
"Chemistry"
] | 267 | [
"Drug safety",
"Abandoned drugs"
] |
11,881,862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RADiations%20Effects%20on%20Components%20and%20Systems | The RADECS association is a non-profit professional organization that promotes basic and applied research in the field of radiation and its effects on materials, components and systems. The acronym RADECS stands for "RADiations Effects on Components and Systems.
History
The first “Radiation and its Effects on Compone... | RADiations Effects on Components and Systems | [
"Astronomy",
"Engineering"
] | 292 | [
"Space technology",
"Energy organizations",
"Nuclear organizations",
"Outer space"
] |
11,882,025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translocated%20promoter%20region | Translocated promoter region is a component of the tpr-met fusion protein.
External links | Translocated promoter region | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 21 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Biochemistry"
] |
11,882,041 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tpr-met%20fusion%20protein | Tpr-Met fusion protein is an oncogene fusion protein consisting of TPR and MET.
Structure
Tpr-Met was generated following a chromosomal rearrangement induced by the treatment of a human osteogenic sarcoma cell line with the carcinogen N-methyl-N'-nitronitrosoguanidine. The genomic rearrangement fuses two genetic loci... | Tpr-met fusion protein | [
"Chemistry"
] | 365 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Protein stubs"
] |
11,882,107 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20Research%20and%20Technology%20Institute | The Space Research and Technology Institute () of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences is a primary research body in the field of space science in Bulgaria.
The mission of SRTI-BAS is to conduct fundamental and applied studies in the field of Space Physics, Remote Sensing of the Earth and Planets, and Aerospace Systems a... | Space Research and Technology Institute | [
"Astronomy"
] | 992 | [
"Astronomy organizations",
"Space organizations"
] |
164,117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duration%20%28music%29 | In music, duration is an amount of time or how long or short a note, phrase, section, or composition lasts. "Duration is the length of time a pitch, or tone, is sounded." A note may last less than a second, while a symphony may last more than an hour. One of the fundamental features of rhythm, or encompassing rhythm, ... | Duration (music) | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 452 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Time",
"Elements of music",
"Rhythm and meter",
"Spacetime",
"Components"
] |
164,174 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20communication | Optical communication, also known as optical telecommunication, is communication at a distance using light to carry information. It can be performed visually or by using electronic devices. The earliest basic forms of optical communication date back several millennia, while the earliest electrical device created to do ... | Optical communication | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,636 | [
"Information and communications technology",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Telecommunications",
"Optical communications"
] |
164,217 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco%20mosaic%20virus | Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus species in the genus Tobamovirus that infects a wide range of plants, especially tobacco and other members of the family Solanaceae. The infection causes characteristic patterns, such as "mosaic"-like mottling and discoloration on the leaves (hen... | Tobacco mosaic virus | [
"Biology"
] | 3,331 | [
"Model organisms",
"Biological models"
] |
164,313 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity%20wave | In fluid dynamics, gravity waves are waves in a fluid medium or at the interface between two media when the force of gravity or buoyancy tries to restore equilibrium. An example of such an interface is that between the atmosphere and the ocean, which gives rise to wind waves.
A gravity wave results when fluid is displ... | Gravity wave | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,051 | [
"Gravity waves",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
164,318 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-biennial%20oscillation | The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is a quasiperiodic oscillation of the equatorial zonal wind between easterlies and westerlies in the tropical stratosphere with a mean period of 28 to 29 months. The alternating wind regimes develop at the top of the lower stratosphere and propagate downwards at about per month un... | Quasi-biennial oscillation | [
"Chemistry"
] | 941 | [
"Atmospheric dynamics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
164,321 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary%20circulation | In fluid dynamics, a secondary circulation or secondary flow is a weak circulation that plays a key maintenance role in sustaining a stronger primary circulation that contains most of the kinetic energy and momentum of a flow. For example, a tropical cyclone's primary winds are tangential (horizontally swirling), but ... | Secondary circulation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 150 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Atmospheric dynamics",
"Civil engineering",
"Physical oceanography",
"Geophysics",
"Fluid mechanics",
"Fluid dynamics stubs",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
164,332 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiaroscuro | In art, chiaroscuro ( , ; ) is the use of strong contrasts between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition. It is also a technical term used by artists and art historians for the use of contrasts of light to achieve a sense of volume in modelling three-dimensional objects and figures. Simil... | Chiaroscuro | [
"Physics"
] | 3,272 | [
"Optical phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Shadows"
] |
164,346 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society%20of%20Motion%20Picture%20and%20Television%20Engineers | The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) (, rarely ), founded in 1916 as the Society of Motion Picture Engineers or SMPE, is a global professional association of engineers, technologists, and executives working in the media and entertainment industry. As an internationally recognized standards org... | Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,959 | [
"Broadcast engineering",
"Electronic engineering"
] |
164,402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20dipole | In electromagnetism, a magnetic dipole is the limit of either a closed loop of electric current or a pair of poles as the size of the source is reduced to zero while keeping the magnetic moment constant.
It is a magnetic analogue of the electric dipole, but the analogy is not perfect. In particular, a true magnetic m... | Magnetic dipole | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 842 | [
"Condensed matter physics",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Materials science"
] |
164,483 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattering | In physics, scattering is a wide range of physical processes where moving particles or radiation of some form, such as light or sound, are forced to deviate from a straight trajectory by localized non-uniformities (including particles and radiation) in the medium through which they pass. In conventional use, this also ... | Scattering | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 4,024 | [
"Physical phenomena",
" absorption and radiative transfer (optics)",
"Nuclear physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Scattering",
"Atomic physics",
"Particle physics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Atomic",
" molecular",
" and optical physics"
] |
164,494 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20magazine | Computer magazines are about computers and related subjects, such as networking and the Internet. Most computer magazines offer (or offered) advice, some offer programming tutorials, reviews of the latest technologies, and advertisements.
History
1940s–1950s
Sources:.
Mathematics of Computation established in 1943, a... | Computer magazine | [
"Technology"
] | 1,312 | [
"Works about computing",
"Computer magazines",
"Computers",
"History of computing"
] |
164,501 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimber | In mathematics, the nimbers, also called Grundy numbers, are introduced in combinatorial game theory, where they are defined as the values of heaps in the game Nim. The nimbers are the ordinal numbers endowed with nimber addition and nimber multiplication, which are distinct from ordinal addition and ordinal multiplic... | Nimber | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,646 | [
"Ordinal numbers",
"Recreational mathematics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Combinatorics",
"Game theory",
"Order theory",
"Combinatorial game theory",
"Numbers"
] |
164,511 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20clock | A radio clock or radio-controlled clock (RCC), and often colloquially (and incorrectly) referred to as an "atomic clock", is a type of quartz clock or watch that is automatically synchronized to a time code transmitted by a radio transmitter connected to a time standard such as an atomic clock. Such a clock may be sync... | Radio clock | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,362 | [
"Information and communications technology",
"Machines",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Clocks",
"Radio technology",
"Measuring instruments",
"Physical systems"
] |
164,524 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jam%20sync | Jam sync refers to the practice of applying a phase hit to a system to bring it in synchronization with another. The term originates from the use of this technique to replace defective time code on a video tape recording by replacing it with a new time code sequence, which may be an extension of a previous good time co... | Jam sync | [
"Engineering"
] | 81 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Synchronization"
] |
164,547 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudden%20stratospheric%20warming | A sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is an event in which polar stratospheric temperatures rise by several tens of kelvins (up to increases of about 50 °C (90 °F)) over the course of a few days. The warming is preceded by a slowing then reversal of the westerly winds in the stratospheric polar vortex, commonly measured... | Sudden stratospheric warming | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,059 | [
"Atmospheric dynamics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
164,557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semaphore%20%28programming%29 | In computer science, a semaphore is a variable or abstract data type used to control access to a common resource by multiple threads and avoid critical section problems in a concurrent system such as a multitasking operating system. Semaphores are a type of synchronization primitive. A trivial semaphore is a plain vari... | Semaphore (programming) | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 3,707 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Information systems",
"Computing and society",
"Computer-mediated communication",
"Synchronization"
] |
164,570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber | In the physical sciences, the wavenumber (or wave number), also known as repetency, is the spatial frequency of a wave, measured in cycles per unit distance (ordinary wavenumber) or radians per unit distance (angular wavenumber). It is analogous to temporal frequency, which is defined as the number of wave cycles per u... | Wavenumber | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,562 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Quotients",
"Quantity",
"Classical mechanics",
"Waves",
"Wave mechanics",
"Arithmetic",
"Units of frequency",
"Units of measurement"
] |
164,571 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric%20waveguide | An atmospheric waveguide is an atmospheric flow feature that improves the propagation of certain atmospheric waves.
The effect arises because wave parameters such as group velocity or vertical wavenumber depend on mean flow direction and strength. Thus, for instance, westerlies might be a good waveguide for eastward-... | Atmospheric waveguide | [
"Astronomy"
] | 116 | [
"Astronomy stubs",
"Planetary science stubs"
] |
164,572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissipation | In thermodynamics, dissipation is the result of an irreversible process that affects a thermodynamic system. In a dissipative process, energy (internal, bulk flow kinetic, or system potential) transforms from an initial form to a final form, where the capacity of the final form to do thermodynamic work is less than tha... | Dissipation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,016 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Non-equilibrium thermodynamics",
"Thermodynamic processes",
"Thermodynamic entropy",
"Entropy",
"Mechanics",
"Thermodynamics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
164,597 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean%20flow | In fluid dynamics, the fluid flow is often decomposed into a mean flow and deviations from the mean. The averaging can be done either in space or in time, or by ensemble averaging.
Example
Calculation of the mean flow may often be as simple as the mathematical mean: simply add up the given flow rates and then divide t... | Mean flow | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 141 | [
"Piping",
"Chemical engineering",
"Fluid dynamics stubs",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
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