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id int64 39 79M	url stringlengths 31 227	text stringlengths 6 334k	source stringlengths 1 150 ⌀	categories listlengths 1 6	token_count int64 3 71.8k	subcategories listlengths 0 30
972,070	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodge%20301	Hodge 301 is a star cluster in the Tarantula Nebula, visible from Earth's Southern Hemisphere. The cluster and nebula lie about 168,000 light years away, in one of the Milky Way's orbiting satellite galaxies, the Large Magellanic Cloud. Hodge 301, along with the cluster R136, is one of two major star clusters situated...	Hodge 301	[ "Astronomy" ]	307	[ "Dorado", "Constellations" ]
972,079	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genuine%20progress%20indicator	Genuine progress indicator (GPI) is a metric that has been suggested to replace, or supplement, gross domestic product (GDP). The GPI is designed to take fuller account of the well-being of a nation, only a part of which pertains to the size of the nation's economy, by incorporating environmental and social factors whi...	Genuine progress indicator	[ "Environmental_science" ]	4,858	[ "Environmental economics", "Environmental social science" ]
972,123	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitized%20Sky%20Survey	The Digitized Sky Survey (DSS) is a digitized version of several photographic astronomical surveys of the night sky, produced by the Space Telescope Science Institute between 1983 and 2006. Versions and source material The term Digitized Sky Survey originally referred to the publication in 1994 of a digital version o...	Digitized Sky Survey	[ "Astronomy" ]	1,131	[ "Astronomical surveys", "Works about astronomy", "Astronomical catalogues", "Astronomical databases", "Astronomical objects" ]
972,208	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Other%20%28philosophy%29	Other is a term used to define another person or people as separate from oneself. In phenomenology, the terms the Other and the Constitutive Other distinguish other people from the Self, as a cumulative, constituting factor in the self-image of a person; as acknowledgement of being real; hence, the Other is dissimilar ...	Other (philosophy)	[ "Biology" ]	5,680	[ "Behavior", "Aggression", "Discrimination" ]
972,242	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditions%20comorbid%20to%20autism	Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or simply autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in early childhood, persists throughout adulthood, and is characterized by difficulties in social communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior. There are many conditions comorbid to autism, such as attention de...	Conditions comorbid to autism	[ "Environmental_science" ]	6,492	[ "Epidemiology", "Environmental social science" ]
972,312	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid%20air	Liquid air is air that has been cooled to very low temperatures (cryogenic temperatures), so that it has condensed into a pale blue mobile liquid. It is stored in specialized containers, such as vacuum flasks, to insulate it from room temperature. Liquid air can absorb heat rapidly and revert to its gaseous state. It i...	Liquid air	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	966	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Engineering thermodynamics", "Phases of matter", "Cryogenics", "Industrial gases", "Thermodynamics", "Mechanical engineering", "Chemical process engineering", "Matter" ]
972,328	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedderburn%E2%80%93Etherington%20number	In mathematics and computer science, the Wedderburn–Etherington numbers are an integer sequence named after Ivor Malcolm Haddon Etherington and Joseph Wedderburn that can be used to count certain kinds of binary trees. The first few numbers in the sequence are 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 23, 46, 98, 207, 451, 983, 2179, 4...	Wedderburn–Etherington number	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,034	[ "Sequences and series", "Integer sequences", "Mathematical structures", "Graph enumeration", "Recreational mathematics", "Mathematical objects", "Graph theory", "Combinatorics", "Mathematical relations", "Numbers", "Number theory" ]
972,333	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20totient%20number	A highly totient number is an integer that has more solutions to the equation , where is Euler's totient function, than any integer smaller than it. The first few highly totient numbers are 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 144, 240, 432, 480, 576, 720, 1152, 1440 , with 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 17, 21, 31, 34, 37, 38, 49, ...	Highly totient number	[ "Mathematics" ]	365	[ "Sequences and series", "Integer sequences", "Mathematical structures", "Recreational mathematics", "Mathematical objects", "Combinatorics", "Numbers", "Number theory" ]
972,457	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%20wasting	Mass wasting, also known as mass movement, is a general term for the movement of rock or soil down slopes under the force of gravity. It differs from other processes of erosion in that the debris transported by mass wasting is not entrained in a moving medium, such as water, wind, or ice. Types of mass wasting include ...	Mass wasting	[ "Physics", "Environmental_science" ]	1,750	[ "Soil mechanics", "Environmental soil science", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics" ]
972,564	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20National%20Vegetation%20Classification	The British National Vegetation Classification or NVC is a system of classifying natural habitat types in Great Britain according to the vegetation they contain. A large scientific meeting of ecologists, botanists, and other related professionals in the United Kingdom resulted in the publication of a compendium of f...	British National Vegetation Classification	[ "Biology" ]	866	[ "Biota by conservation status system", "Biota by conservation status", "British National Vegetation Classification" ]
972,584	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common%20frog	The common frog or grass frog (Rana temporaria), also known as the European common frog, European common brown frog, European grass frog, European Holarctic true frog, European pond frog or European brown frog, is a semi-aquatic amphibian of the family Ranidae, found throughout much of Europe as far north as Scandinavi...	Common frog	[ "Biology" ]	3,527	[ "Model organisms", "Animal models" ]
972,601	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary%20equivalence	In model theory, a branch of mathematical logic, two structures M and N of the same signature σ are called elementarily equivalent if they satisfy the same first-order σ-sentences. If N is a substructure of M, one often needs a stronger condition. In this case N is called an elementary substructure of M if every first...	Elementary equivalence	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,188	[ "Mathematical logic", "Model theory" ]
972,615	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial%20arm%20maze	The radial arm maze was designed by Olton and Samuelson in 1976 to measure spatial learning and memory in rats. The original apparatus consists of eight equidistantly spaced arms, each about 4 feet long, and all radiating from a small circular central platform (later versions have used as few as three and as many as 48...	Radial arm maze	[ "Biology" ]	852	[ "Behavioural sciences", "Behavior", "Behavioral neuroscience" ]
972,711	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-photon%20avalanche%20diode	A single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD), also called Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (G-APD or GM-APD) is a solid-state photodetector within the same family as photodiodes and avalanche photodiodes (APDs), while also being fundamentally linked with basic diode behaviours. As with photodiodes and APDs, a SPAD is based a...	Single-photon avalanche diode	[ "Materials_science", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	5,830	[ "Glass engineering and science", "Particle detectors", "Optical devices", "Measuring instruments" ]
972,745	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electra%20%28Euripides%20play%29	Euripides' Electra (, Ēlektra) is a tragedy probably written in the mid 410s BC, likely before 413 BC. A version of the myth of the house of Atreus, Euripides' play reworks important aspects of the story found in Aeschylus' Oresteia trilogy (especially the second play, Libation Bearers) and also in Sophocles' Electra...	Electra (Euripides play)	[ "Astronomy" ]	2,026	[ "Castor and Pollux", "Astronomical myths" ]
972,800	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyssal%20plain	An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between . Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth's surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest, and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal...	Abyssal plain	[ "Physics", "Biology" ]	6,499	[ "Aquatic ecology", "Ecosystems", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Physical oceanography" ]
972,846	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCMP%20%28cryptography%29	Counter Mode Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol (Counter Mode CBC-MAC Protocol) or CCM mode Protocol (CCMP) is an authenticated encryption protocol designed for Wireless LAN products that implements the standards of the IEEE 802.11i amendment to the original IEEE 802.11 standard. CCMP is a data ...	CCMP (cryptography)	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	701	[ "Wireless networking", "Computer networks engineering" ]
972,878	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC%20Weasel%202000	PC Weasel 2000 was a line of graphics cards designed by Middle Digital Incorporated (Herb Peyerl and Jonathan Levine) which output to a serial port instead of a monitor. This allows servers using PC hardware with conventional BIOSes or operating systems lacking serial capability to be administered remotely. The produc...	PC Weasel 2000	[ "Technology" ]	235	[ "Information systems", "System administration" ]
972,944	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20sensors	This is a list of sensors sorted by sensor type. Acoustic, sound, vibration Acoustic radiometer Geophone Hydrophone Microphone Pickup Seismometer Sound locator Automotive Air flow meter Air–fuel ratio meter Blind spot monitor Crankshaft position sensor (CKP) Curb feeler Defect detector Engine coolant temperature s...	List of sensors	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,676	[ "Electrical components", "Measuring instruments", "Electrical engineering", "Sensors", "Components" ]
973,032	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Committee%20on%20Anthropogenic%20Soils	The International Committee on Anthropogenic Soils (ICOMANTH) defines its mission as follows. "ICOMANTH is charged with defining appropriate classes in soil taxonomy for soils that have their major properties derived from human activities. The committee should establish which criteria significantly reflect human activ...	International Committee on Anthropogenic Soils	[ "Environmental_science" ]	91	[ "Environmental soil science" ]
973,095	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxology	Auxology (from Greek , auxō, or , auxanō 'grow'; and , -logia) is a meta-term covering the study of all aspects of human physical growth. (Although, it is also fundamental of biology.) Auxology is a multi-disciplinary science involving health sciences/medicine (pediatrics, general practice, endocrinology, neuroendocrin...	Auxology	[ "Biology" ]	1,517	[ "Behavioural sciences", "Behavior", "Human development" ]
973,198	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal%20Analogue%20Act	The Federal Analogue Act, , is a section of the United States Controlled Substances Act passed in 1986 which allows any chemical "substantially similar" to a controlled substance listed in Schedule I or II to be treated as if it were listed in Schedule I, but only if intended for human consumption. These similar substa...	Federal Analogue Act	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,455	[]
973,239	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethion	Ethion (C9H22O4P2S4) is an organophosphate insecticide. It is known to affect the neural enzyme acetylcholinesterase and disrupt its function. History Ethion was first registered in the US as an insecticide in the 1950s. Annual usage of ethion since then has varied depending on overall crop yields and weather conditi...	Ethion	[ "Chemistry" ]	4,764	[ "Functional groups", "Phosphorodithioates" ]
973,296	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tong%20Dizhou	Tong Dizhou (; May 28, 1902 – March 30, 1979) was a Chinese embryologist known for his contributions to the field of cloning. He was a vice president of Chinese Academy of Science. Biography Born in Yinxian, Zhejiang province, Tong graduated from Fudan University in 1924 with a degree in biology, and received a PhD in...	Tong Dizhou	[ "Engineering", "Biology" ]	257	[ "Cloning", "Genetic engineering" ]
973,372	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%20Future%20Systems%20project	The Future Systems project (FS) was a research and development project undertaken in IBM in the early 1970s to develop a revolutionary line of computer products, including new software models which would simplify software development by exploiting modern powerful hardware. The new systems were intended to replace the S...	IBM Future Systems project	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	5,135	[ "Information technology", "Computing platforms", "Information technology projects" ]
973,479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-differential%20operator	In mathematical analysis a pseudo-differential operator is an extension of the concept of differential operator. Pseudo-differential operators are used extensively in the theory of partial differential equations and quantum field theory, e.g. in mathematical models that include ultrametric pseudo-differential equation...	Pseudo-differential operator	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,267	[ "Mathematical analysis", "Functions and mappings", "Functional analysis", "Mathematical objects", "Mathematical relations", "Differential operators" ]
973,601	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Bassett	Charles Arthur "Charlie" Bassett II (December 30, 1931 – February 28, 1966), (Major, USAF), was an American electrical engineer and United States Air Force test pilot. He went to Ohio State University for two years and later graduated from Texas Tech University with a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineerin...	Charles Bassett	[ "Engineering" ]	1,367	[ "Space program fatalities", "Space programs" ]
973,614	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slighting	Slighting is the deliberate damage of high-status buildings to reduce their value as military, administrative or social structures. This destruction of property is sometimes extended to the contents of buildings and the surrounding landscape. It is a phenomenon with complex motivations and was often used as a tool of c...	Slighting	[ "Engineering" ]	1,455	[ "Fortifications", "Destruction of buildings", "Military engineering", "Architecture" ]
973,701	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baggage%20reclaim	In airport terminals, a baggage reclaim area is an area where arriving passengers claim checked-in baggage after disembarking from an airline flight. The alternative term baggage claim is used at airports in the US and some other airports internationally. Similar systems are also used at train stations served by compan...	Baggage reclaim	[ "Engineering" ]	662	[ "Airport infrastructure", "Aerospace engineering" ]
973,778	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedantry	Pedantry ( ) is an excessive concern with formalism, minor details, and rules that are not important. Etymology Pedantry is the adjective form of the 1580s English word pedant, which meant a male schoolteacher at the time. The word pedant originated from the French word for "schoolmaster," pédant, in the 1560s, or fr...	Pedantry	[ "Biology" ]	422	[ "Behavior", "Human behavior" ]
973,790	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite%20conjugacy%20class%20property	In mathematics, a group is said to have the infinite conjugacy class property, or to be an ICC group, if the conjugacy class of every group element but the identity is infinite. The von Neumann group algebra of a group is a factor if and only if the group has the infinite conjugacy class property. It will then be, pro...	Infinite conjugacy class property	[ "Mathematics" ]	181	[ "Algebra stubs", "Mathematical structures", "Properties of groups", "Algebraic structures", "Algebra" ]
973,828	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic%20Euler%20equations	In fluid mechanics and astrophysics, the relativistic Euler equations are a generalization of the Euler equations that account for the effects of general relativity. They have applications in high-energy astrophysics and numerical relativity, where they are commonly used for describing phenomena such as gamma-ray burst...	Relativistic Euler equations	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	715	[ "Equations of fluid dynamics", "Equations of physics", "Special relativity", "Relativity stubs", "Theory of relativity", "Fluid dynamics" ]
973,852	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addition%20theorem	In mathematics, an addition theorem is a formula such as that for the exponential function: ex + y = ex · ey, that expresses, for a particular function f, f(x + y) in terms of f(x) and f(y). Slightly more generally, as is the case with the trigonometric functions and , several functions may be involved; this is more...	Addition theorem	[ "Mathematics" ]	430	[ "Theorems in algebraic geometry", "Theorems in algebra", "Theorems in geometry", "Mathematical problems", "Mathematical theorems", "Algebra" ]
973,888	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security%20Assertion%20Markup%20Language	Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML, pronounced SAM-el, ) is an open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider and a service provider. SAML is an XML-based markup language for security assertions (statements that service providers use...	Security Assertion Markup Language	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	3,934	[ "Computer standards", "Cybersecurity engineering", "XML-based standards", "Computer access control" ]
973,934	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TickIT	TickIT is a certification program for companies in the software development and computer industries, supported primarily by the United Kingdom and Swedish industries through UKAS and SWEDAC respectively. Its general objective is to improve software quality. History In the 1980s, the UK government's CCTA organisation p...	TickIT	[ "Technology" ]	288	[ "Computer standards", "Information assurance standards" ]
974,016	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clerk%20of%20works	A clerk of works or clerk of the works (CoW) is employed by an architect or a client on a construction site. The role is primarily to represent the interests of the client in regard to ensuring that the quality of both materials and workmanship are in accordance with the design information such as specification and eng...	Clerk of works	[ "Engineering" ]	2,229	[ "Construction", "Architecture occupations", "Civil engineering", "Architecture" ]
974,084	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20manifolds	This is a list of particular manifolds, by Wikipedia page. See also list of geometric topology topics. For categorical listings see :Category:Manifolds and its subcategories. Generic families of manifolds Euclidean space, Rn n-sphere, Sn n-torus, Tn Real projective space, RPn Complex projective space, CPn Quate...	List of manifolds	[ "Mathematics" ]	488	[ "Topological spaces", "Topology", "Manifolds", "Space (mathematics)" ]
974,140	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Better%20dead%20than%20red	"Better dead than red" and the reverse "better red than dead" are dueling slogans regarding communism, and generally socialism, the former a anti-communist slogan ("rather dead than a communist"), and the latter a pro-communist slogan ("rather a communist than dead"). The slogans are interlingual with a variety of vari...	Better dead than red	[ "Biology" ]	926	[ "Harassment and bullying", "Behavior", "Aggression" ]
974,148	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automorphic%20function	In mathematics, an automorphic function is a function on a space that is invariant under the action of some group, in other words a function on the quotient space. Often the space is a complex manifold and the group is a discrete group. Factor of automorphy In mathematics, the notion of factor of automorphy arises fo...	Automorphic function	[ "Mathematics" ]	432	[ "Mathematical objects", "Functions and mappings", "Types of functions", "Mathematical relations" ]
974,163	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backstaff	The backstaff is a navigational instrument that was used to measure the altitude of a celestial body, in particular the Sun or Moon. When observing the Sun, users kept the Sun to their back (hence the name) and observed the shadow cast by the upper vane on a horizon vane. It was invented by the English navigator John D...	Backstaff	[ "Astronomy", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	2,620	[ "Celestial navigation", "Measuring instruments", "Astronomical instruments" ]
974,169	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic%20function	In mathematics, an algebraic function is a function that can be defined as the root of an irreducible polynomial equation. Algebraic functions are often algebraic expressions using a finite number of terms, involving only the algebraic operations addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and raising to a fracti...	Algebraic function	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,721	[ "Functions and mappings", "Mathematical analysis", "Special functions", "Algebra", "Polynomials", "Mathematical objects", "Combinatorics", "Mathematical relations", "Algebraic number theory", "Types of functions", "Number theory" ]
974,191	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulkhead%20%28partition%29	A bulkhead is an upright wall within the hull of a ship, within the fuselage of an airplane, or a car. Other kinds of partition elements within a ship are decks and deckheads. Etymology The word bulki meant "cargo" in Old Norse. During the 15th century sailors and builders in Europe realized that walls within a ves...	Bulkhead (partition)	[ "Engineering" ]	1,439	[ "Shipbuilding", "Marine engineering" ]
974,207	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring%20circuit	In electricity supply design, a ring circuit is an electrical wiring technique in which sockets and the distribution point are connected in a ring. It is contrasted with the usual radial circuit, in which sockets and the distribution point are connected in a line with the distribution point at one end. Ring circuits ...	Ring circuit	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	2,151	[ "Electrical systems", "Building engineering", "Physical systems", "Electricity supply circuits", "Electrical engineering", "Electrical wiring" ]
974,383	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulkhead%20line	Bulkhead line is an officially set line along a shoreline, usually beyond the dry land, to demark a territory allowable to be treated as dry land, to separate the jurisdictions of dry land and water authorities, for construction and riparian activities, to establish limits to the allowable obstructions to navigation an...	Bulkhead line	[ "Environmental_science" ]	179	[ "Hydrology", "Hydrology stubs" ]
974,405	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%20Director	IBM Systems Director is an element management system (EMS) (sometimes referred to as a "workgroup management system") first introduced by IBM in 1993 as NetFinity Manager. The software was originally written to run on OS/2 2.0. It has subsequently gone through a number of name changes in the interim. It was changed in ...	IBM Director	[ "Engineering" ]	715	[ "Computer networks engineering", "Network management" ]
974,707	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beggars%20in%20Spain	Beggars in Spain is a 1993 science fiction novel by American writer Nancy Kress. It was originally published as a novella with the same title in Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine and as a limited edition paperback by Axolotl Press in 1991. Kress expanded it, adding three additional parts to the novel, and eventua...	Beggars in Spain	[ "Biology" ]	3,462	[ "Biological weapons in popular culture", "Biological warfare" ]
974,736	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloxacillin	Cloxacillin is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of several bacterial infections. This includes impetigo, cellulitis, pneumonia, septic arthritis, and otitis externa. It is not effective for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It can be used by mouth and by injection. Side effects include nausea, ...	Cloxacillin	[ "Chemistry" ]	393	[ "Stereochemistry", "Enantiopure drugs" ]
974,761	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20memory	Water memory is the purported ability of water to retain a memory of substances previously dissolved in it even after an arbitrary number of serial dilutions. It has been claimed to be a mechanism by which homeopathic remedies work, even when they are diluted to the point that no molecule of the original substance rema...	Water memory	[ "Chemistry" ]	3,224	[ "Water chemistry controversies" ]
974,908	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2096	Messier 96 (also known as M96 or NGC 3368) is an intermediate spiral galaxy about 31 million light-years away in the constellation Leo. Observational history and appearance It was discovered by French astronomer Pierre Méchain in 1781. After communicating his finding, French astronomer Charles Messier confirmed the f...	Messier 96	[ "Astronomy" ]	564	[ "Leo (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
974,931	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owl%20Nebula	The Owl Nebula (also known as Messier 97, M97 or NGC 3587) is a planetary nebula approximately 2,030 light years away in the constellation Ursa Major. Estimated to be about 8,000 years old, it is approximately circular in cross-section with a faint internal structure. It was formed from the outflow of material from the...	Owl Nebula	[ "Astronomy" ]	924	[ "Ursa Major", "Constellations" ]
974,942	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2098	Messier 98, M98 or NGC 4192, is an intermediate spiral galaxy about 44.4 million light-years away in slightly northerly Coma Berenices, about 6° to the east of the bright star Denebola (Beta Leonis). It was discovered by French astronomer Pierre Méchain on 1781, along with nearby M99 and M100, and was catalogued by com...	Messier 98	[ "Astronomy" ]	400	[ "Coma Berenices", "Constellations" ]
974,952	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2099	Messier 99 or M99, also known as NGC 4254 or St. Catherine's Wheel, is a grand design spiral galaxy in the northern constellation Coma Berenices approximately from the Milky Way. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain on 17 March 1781. The discovery was then reported to Charles Messier, who included the object in the Mes...	Messier 99	[ "Astronomy" ]	624	[ "Coma Berenices", "Constellations" ]
974,971	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exterior%20Gateway%20Protocol	The Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) was a routing protocol used to connect different autonomous systems on the Internet from the mid-1980s until the mid-1990s, when it was replaced by Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). History EGP was developed by Bolt, Beranek and Newman in the early 1980s. It was first described in RFC ...	Exterior Gateway Protocol	[ "Technology" ]	113	[ "Computing stubs", "Computer network stubs" ]
974,980	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2093	Messier 93 or M93, also known as NGC 2447 or the Critter Cluster, is an open cluster in the modestly southern constellation Puppis, the imagined poop deck of the legendary Argo. Observational history and appearance It was discovered by Charles Messier then added to his catalogue of comet-like objects in 1781. Caroline...	Messier 93	[ "Astronomy" ]	398	[ "Puppis", "Constellations" ]
975,003	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%20105	Messier 105 or M105, also known as NGC 3379, is an elliptical galaxy 36.6 million light-years away in the equatorial constellation of Leo. It is the biggest elliptical galaxy in the Messier catalogue that is not in the Virgo cluster. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781, just a few days after he discovered the n...	Messier 105	[ "Astronomy" ]	550	[ "Leo (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
975,020	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%20106	Messier 106 (also known as NGC 4258) is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781. M106 is at a distance of about 22 to 25 million light-years away from Earth. M106 contains an active nucleus classified as a Type 2 Seyfert, and the presence of a centr...	Messier 106	[ "Astronomy" ]	647	[ "Canes Venatici", "Constellations" ]
975,035	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%20108	Messier 108 (also known as NGC 3556, nicknamed the Surfboard Galaxy) is a barred spiral galaxy about 46 million light-years away from Earth in the northern constellation Ursa Major. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781 or 1782. From the Earth, this galaxy is seen almost edge-on. This galaxy is an isolated membe...	Messier 108	[ "Astronomy" ]	634	[ "Ursa Major", "Constellations" ]
975,051	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%20109	Messier 109 (also known as NGC 3992 or the Vacuum Cleaner Galaxy) is a barred spiral galaxy exhibiting a weak inner ring structure around the central bar approximately away in the northern constellation Ursa Major. M109 can be seen south-east of the star Phecda (γ UMa, Gamma Ursa Majoris). History Messier 109 was dis...	Messier 109	[ "Astronomy" ]	499	[ "Ursa Major", "Constellations" ]
975,069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%20110	Messier 110, or M110, also known as NGC 205, is a dwarf elliptical galaxy that is a satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy in the Local Group. Early observational history Charles Messier never included the galaxy in his list, but it was depicted by him, together with M32, on his drawing of "Nébuleuse D'Andromède", later k...	Messier 110	[ "Astronomy" ]	585	[ "Andromeda (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
975,090	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January%20effect	The January effect is a hypothesis that there is a seasonal anomaly in the financial market where securities' prices increase in the month of January more than in any other month. This calendar effect would create an opportunity for investors to buy stocks for lower prices before January and sell them after their value...	January effect	[ "Biology" ]	424	[ "Behavioral finance", "Behavior", "Human behavior" ]
15,918,153	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleoylethanolamide	Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is an endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) agonist. It is a naturally occurring ethanolamide lipid that regulates feeding and body weight in vertebrates ranging from mice to pythons. OEA is a shorter, monounsaturated analogue of the endocannabinoid anandamide, b...	Oleoylethanolamide	[ "Chemistry" ]	544	[ "Neurochemistry", "Neurotransmitters" ]
15,918,280	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon%20diselenide	Carbon diselenide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It is a yellow-orange oily liquid with pungent odor. It is the selenium analogue of carbon disulfide () and carbon dioxide (). This light-sensitive compound is insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. Synthesis, structure and reactions C...	Carbon diselenide	[ "Chemistry" ]	425	[ "Semiconductor materials", "Inorganic carbon compounds", "Inorganic compounds", "IV-VI semiconductors" ]
15,919,284	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Improved%20water%20source	An improved water source (or improved drinking-water source or improved water supply) is a term used to categorize certain types or levels of water supply for monitoring purposes. It is defined as a type of water source that, by nature of its construction or through active intervention, is likely to be protected from o...	Improved water source	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	553	[ "Hydrology", "Water supply", "Environmental engineering" ]
15,919,460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20network%20analysis%20software	Social network analysis (SNA) software is software which facilitates quantitative or qualitative analysis of social networks, by describing features of a network either through numerical or visual representation. Overview Networks can consist of anything from families, project teams, classrooms, sports teams, legislat...	Social network analysis software	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,574	[ "Comparisons of mathematical software", "Mathematical software" ]
15,922,421	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelet-derived%20growth%20factor%20receptor%20A	Platelet-derived growth factor receptor A, also termed CD140a, is a receptor located on the surface of a wide range of cell types. The protein is encoded in the human by the PDGFRA gene. This receptor binds to certain isoforms of platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and thereby becomes active in stimulating cell sig...	Platelet-derived growth factor receptor A	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,662	[ "Tyrosine kinase receptors", "Signal transduction" ]
15,922,429	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattered%20order	In mathematical order theory, a scattered order is a linear order that contains no densely ordered subset with more than one element. A characterization due to Hausdorff states that the class of all scattered orders is the smallest class of linear orders that contains the singleton orders and is closed under well-orde...	Scattered order	[ "Mathematics" ]	141	[ "Mathematical logic stubs", "Mathematical logic", "Order theory" ]
15,922,484	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryanodine%20receptor%201	Ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR-1) also known as skeletal muscle calcium release channel or skeletal muscle-type ryanodine receptor is one of a class of ryanodine receptors and a protein found primarily in skeletal muscle. In humans, it is encoded by the RYR1 gene. Function RYR1 functions as a calcium release channel in t...	Ryanodine receptor 1	[ "Chemistry" ]	630	[ "Neurochemistry", "Ion channels" ]
11,725,057	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobbing%20%28animal%20behavior%29	Mobbing in animals is an anti-predator adaptation in which individuals of prey species cooperatively attack or harass a predator, usually to protect their offspring. A simple definition of mobbing is an assemblage of individuals around a potentially dangerous predator. This is most frequently seen in birds, though it i...	Mobbing (animal behavior)	[ "Mathematics", "Biology" ]	2,415	[ "Behavior by type of animal", "Behavior", "Evolutionary game theory", "Biological defense mechanisms", "Game theory", "Antipredator adaptations", "Bird behavior" ]
11,726,298	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear%20extension	In order theory, a branch of mathematics, a linear extension of a partial order is a total order (or linear order) that is compatible with the partial order. As a classic example, the lexicographic order of totally ordered sets is a linear extension of their product order. Definitions Linear extension of a partial or...	Linear extension	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,119	[ "Order theory" ]
11,726,394	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PG%201159%20star	A PG 1159 star, often also called a pre-degenerate, is a star with a hydrogen-deficient atmosphere that is in transition between being the central star of a planetary nebula and being a hot white dwarf. These stars are hot, with surface temperatures between 75,000 K and 200,000 K, and are characterized by atmospheres w...	PG 1159 star	[ "Astronomy" ]	417	[ "Star types", "Astronomical classification systems" ]
11,726,660	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian%20Society%20for%20Biomechanics	Canadian Society for Biomechanics / Société canadienne de biomécanique (CSB/SCB) was formed in 1973. The CSB is an Affiliated Society with the International Society of Biomechanics (ISB). The purpose of the Society is to foster research and the interchange of information on the biomechanics of human physical activity....	Canadian Society for Biomechanics	[ "Physics" ]	201	[ "Biomechanics", "Mechanics" ]
11,726,833	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welding%20Procedure%20Specification	A Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) is a formal document describing welding procedures. It is an internal document used by welding companies to instruct welders (or welding operators) on how to achieve quality production welds that meet all relevant code requirements. Each company typically develops their own WPS ...	Welding Procedure Specification	[ "Engineering" ]	1,011	[ "Welding", "Mechanical engineering" ]
11,727,322	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescoping%20%28mechanics%29	Telescoping in mechanics describes the movement of one part sliding out from another, lengthening an object (such as a telescope or the lift arm of an aerial work platform) from its rest state. In modern equipment this can be achieved by a hydraulics, but pulleys are generally used for simpler designs such as extendabl...	Telescoping (mechanics)	[ "Physics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	99	[ "Machines", "Classical mechanics stubs", "Classical mechanics", "Physical systems", "Mechanics", "Mechanical engineering", "Simple machines" ]
11,727,583	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macropod%20hybrid	Macropod hybrids are hybrids of animals within the family Macropodidae, which includes kangaroos and wallabies. Several macropod hybrids have been experimentally bred, including: Some hybrids between similar species have been achieved by housing males of one species and females of the other together to limit the choic...	Macropod hybrid	[ "Biology" ]	132	[ "Intergeneric hybrids", "Hybrid organisms" ]
11,728,075	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion%20order	In the mathematical field of order theory, an inclusion order is the partial order that arises as the subset-inclusion relation on some collection of objects. In a simple way, every poset P = (X,≤) is (isomorphic to) an inclusion order (just as every group is isomorphic to a permutation group – see Cayley's theorem). ...	Inclusion order	[ "Mathematics" ]	273	[ "Algebra stubs", "Order theory", "Algebra" ]
11,728,427	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlock	A marlock or moort is a shrubby or small-tree form of Eucalyptus found in Western Australia. Unlike the mallee, it is single-stemmed and lacks a lignotuber. It has a dense canopy of leaves which often extends to near ground level. Marlock species include: Bald Island marlock (Eucalyptus conferruminata or Eucalyptus ...	Marlock	[ "Biology" ]	228	[ "Plant morphology", "Plants" ]
11,728,902	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixation%20%28psychology%29	Fixation () is a concept (in human psychology) that was originated by Sigmund Freud (1905) to denote the persistence of anachronistic sexual traits. The term subsequently came to denote object relationships with attachments to people or things in general persisting from childhood into adult life. Freud In Three Essay...	Fixation (psychology)	[ "Biology" ]	732	[ "Behavioural sciences", "Behavior", "Sexology" ]
11,729,408	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibbertia%20scandens	Hibbertia scandens, sometimes known by the common names snake vine, climbing guinea flower and golden guinea vine, is a species of flowering plant in the family Dilleniaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is climber or scrambler with lance-shaped or egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and...	Hibbertia scandens	[ "Biology" ]	748	[ "Plants that can bloom all year round", "Plants" ]
11,730,273	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRAVES%20%28system%29	GRAVES () is a French radar-based space surveillance system, akin to the United States Space Force Space Surveillance System. Space surveillance system Using radar measurements, the French Air and Space Force is able to spot satellites orbiting the Earth and determine their orbit. The GRAVES system took 15 years to de...	GRAVES (system)	[ "Environmental_science" ]	209	[ "Space Situational Awareness Programme" ]
11,730,351	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LSE%20%28programming%20language%29	LSE () is a programming language developed at Supélec and Télémécanique from the late 1960s to the mid-1970s. It is similar to BASIC, except with French-language instead of English-language keywords. It was derived from an earlier language called LSD, also developed at Supélec. It is most commonly said to be an acronym...	LSE (programming language)	[ "Technology" ]	1,040	[ "Non-English-based programming languages", "Natural language and computing" ]
11,730,386	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canna%20leaf%20roller	Canna leaf roller refers to two different Lepidoptera species that are pests of cultivated cannas. Caterpillars of the Brazilian skipper butterfly (Calpodes ethlius), also known as the larger canna leaf roller, cut the leaves and roll them over to live inside while pupating and eating the leaf. In addition, caterpilla...	Canna leaf roller	[ "Biology" ]	152	[ "Pests (organism)", "Garden pests" ]
11,730,514	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographical%20centre%20of%20Norway	The geographical centre of Norway has been identified as a spot in the mountains at the southeastern end of the Ogndalen valley in the southeastern part of Steinkjer Municipality in Trøndelag county, located at . A monument marking the significance of the spot was unveiled in a ceremony on 3 September 2006, with the ho...	Geographical centre of Norway	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	343	[ "Point (geometry)", "Geometric centers", "Geographical centres", "Symmetry" ]
11,730,667	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleamide	Oleamide is an organic compound with the formula . It is the amide derived from the fatty acid oleic acid. It is a colorless waxy solid and occurs in nature. Sometimes labeled as a fatty acid primary amide (FAPA), it is biosynthesized from N-oleoylglycine. Biochemical and medical aspects In terms of natural occurrence...	Oleamide	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	591	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Behavior", "Hypnotics", "Organic compounds", "Sleep", "Lipids" ]
11,730,865	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noninvasive%20glucose%20monitor	Noninvasive glucose monitoring (NIGM), called Noninvasive continuous glucose monitoring when used as a CGM technique, is the measurement of blood glucose levels, required by people with diabetes to prevent both chronic and acute complications from the disease, without drawing blood, puncturing the skin, or causing pain...	Noninvasive glucose monitor	[ "Chemistry" ]	3,220	[ "Blood tests", "Chemical pathology" ]
11,730,924	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merit%20order	The merit order is a way of ranking available sources of energy, especially electrical generation, based on ascending order of price (which may reflect the order of their short-run marginal costs of production) and sometimes pollution, together with amount of energy that will be generated. In a centralized management s...	Merit order	[ "Physics", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	2,061	[ "Government by algorithm", "Physical quantities", "Energy economics", "Automation", "Power (physics)", "Electric power", "Electrical engineering", "Environmental social science" ]
11,731,171	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1r%20polyhedron	In geometry, the Császár polyhedron () is a nonconvex toroidal polyhedron with 14 triangular faces. This polyhedron has no diagonals; every pair of vertices is connected by an edge. The seven vertices and 21 edges of the Császár polyhedron form an embedding of the complete graph onto a topological torus. Of the 35 po...	Császár polyhedron	[ "Mathematics" ]	560	[ "Toroidal polyhedra", "Topology" ]
11,731,300	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubberized%20asphalt	Rubberized asphalt concrete (RAC), also known as asphalt rubber or just rubberized asphalt, is noise reducing pavement material that consists of regular asphalt concrete mixed with crumb rubber made from recycled tires. Asphalt rubber is the largest single market for ground rubber in the United States, consuming an est...	Rubberized asphalt	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	518	[ "Structural engineering", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Chemical mixtures", "Concrete", "Asphalt", "Amorphous solids" ]
11,731,664	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum%20arc%20remelting	Vacuum arc remelting (VAR) is a secondary melting process for production of metal ingots with elevated chemical and mechanical homogeneity for highly demanding applications. The VAR process has revolutionized the specialty traditional metallurgical techniques industry, and has made possible tightly controlled material...	Vacuum arc remelting	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	862	[ "Metallurgical processes", "Steelmaking", "Metallurgy" ]
11,732,012	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hy-V	The Hy-V Scramjet Flight Experiment is a research project being led by the University of Virginia, the goal of which is to better understand dual-mode scramjet combustion by analyzing and comparing wind tunnel and flight data. The work is being conducted with industrial, academic and government collaborators. Overview...	Hy-V	[ "Technology" ]	600	[ "Jet engines", "Engines", "Aircraft engines" ]
11,732,172	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenEpi	OpenEpi is a free, web-based, open source, operating system-independent series of programs for use in epidemiology, biostatistics, public health, and medicine, providing a number of epidemiologic and statistical tools for summary data. OpenEpi was developed in JavaScript and HTML, and can be run in modern web browsers....	OpenEpi	[ "Environmental_science" ]	1,044	[ "Epidemiology", "Environmental social science" ]
11,732,979	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan%20Alternative%20and%20Renewable%20Energy%20Center	The Michigan Alternative and Renewable Energy Center (MAREC) was a facility located in Muskegon, Michigan that promoted research, education and business development in alternative and renewable energy technologies. In May 2016, the Center was renamed the Muskegon Innovation Center and the organization refocused on supp...	Michigan Alternative and Renewable Energy Center	[ "Engineering" ]	476	[ "Energy research institutes", "Energy organizations" ]
11,733,018	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishimoda%20Sh%C5%8D	, born in Sapporo, was a Japanese historian specializing in ancient Japanese history, with a particular interest in the nature of the structural transition from the ancient to the medieval period. As an orthodox materialist, he was a lifetime member of the Communist Party, and influential Marxist scholar in the analyse...	Ishimoda Shō	[ "Physics" ]	514	[ "Materialism", "Matter", "Materialists" ]
11,733,139	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction%20torque	In mechanics, friction torque is the torque caused by the frictional force that occurs when two objects in contact move. Like all torques, it is a rotational force that may be measured in newton meters or pounds-feet. Engineering Friction torque can be disruptive in engineering. There are a variety of measures engine...	Friction torque	[ "Physics", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	255	[ "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Mechanics", "Mechanical engineering", "Moment (physics)" ]
11,733,219	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin%28II%29%20iodide	Tin(II) iodide, also known as stannous iodide, is an ionic tin salt of iodine with the formula SnI2. It has a formula weight of 372.519 g/mol. It is a red to red-orange solid. Its melting point is 320 °C, and its boiling point is 714 °C. Tin(II) iodide can be synthesised by heating metallic tin with iodine in 2 M h...	Tin(II) iodide	[ "Chemistry" ]	126	[ "Redox", "Inorganic compounds", "Salts", "Reducing agents", "Metal halides" ]
11,733,250	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20L.%20Hurd	Peter L. Hurd is an academic specialising in biology. He is an Associate Professor at the University of Alberta within the Department of Psychology's Biocognition Unit and the University's Centre for Neuroscience. His research primarily focuses on the study of the evolution of aggressive behaviour, including investigat...	Peter L. Hurd	[ "Mathematics" ]	781	[ "Game theorists", "Game theory" ]
11,733,267	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin%28IV%29%20iodide	Tin(IV) iodide, also known as stannic iodide, is the chemical compound with the formula SnI4. This tetrahedral molecule crystallizes as a bright orange solid that dissolves readily in nonpolar solvents such as benzene. Preparation The compound is usually prepared by the reaction of iodine and tin: Chemical propert...	Tin(IV) iodide	[ "Chemistry" ]	242	[ "Inorganic compounds", "Metal halides", "Salts" ]
11,733,308	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedel%27s%20law	Friedel's law, named after Georges Friedel, is a property of Fourier transforms of real functions. Given a real function , its Fourier transform has the following properties. where is the complex conjugate of . Centrosymmetric points are called Friedel's pairs. The squared amplitude () is centrosymmetric: The...	Friedel's law	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	148	[ "Materials science stubs", "Materials science", "Crystallography stubs", "Crystallography", "Condensed matter physics" ]
11,734,586	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Info-Mac	Info-Mac is an online community, news aggregator and shareware file hosting service covering Apple Inc. products, including the iPhone, iPod and especially the Macintosh. Established in 1984 as an electronic mailing list, Info-Mac is notable as being the first online community for Apple's then-new Macintosh computer. ...	Info-Mac	[ "Technology" ]	791	[ "Macintosh websites", "Computing websites" ]
11,734,649	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince%20Interactive	Prince Interactive is an interactive multimedia CD-ROM video game. It was released in 1994, based on the musician Prince and his Paisley Park Studios recording complex. Gameplay The disc contains a video game, songs, music videos, a virtual tour through Paisley Park Studios, and other multimedia resources. Complete ga...	Prince Interactive	[ "Technology" ]	398	[ "Multimedia", "Multimedia works" ]
11,734,700	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistonless%20pump	A pistonless pump is a type of pump designed to move fluids without any moving parts other than three chamber valves. The pump contains a chamber which has a valved inlet from the fluid to be pumped, a valved outlet – both of these at the bottom of the pump, and a pressurant inlet at the top of the pump. A pressurant ...	Pistonless pump	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,060	[ "Physical systems", "Hydraulics", "Turbomachinery", "Pumps" ]

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