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id int64 39 79M	url stringlengths 31 227	text stringlengths 6 334k	source stringlengths 1 150 ⌀	categories listlengths 1 6	token_count int64 3 71.8k	subcategories listlengths 0 30
13,229,499	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bochner%20identity	In mathematics — specifically, differential geometry — the Bochner identity is an identity concerning harmonic maps between Riemannian manifolds. The identity is named after the American mathematician Salomon Bochner. Statement of the result Let M and N be Riemannian manifolds and let u : M → N be a harmonic map. Let ...	Bochner identity	[ "Mathematics" ]	130	[ "Mathematical theorems", "Mathematical identities", "Mathematical problems", "Algebra" ]
13,229,877	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FED%202	The FED 2 was a 35 mm rangefinder camera introduced in 1955 by FED. The name of FED comes from the initial of Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky. Major features The FED 2 is a new design that is quite different from the FED 1. It has a longer rangefinder base (67 mm), a combined viewfinder and rangefinder window, adjustabl...	FED 2	[ "Technology" ]	696	[ "Rangefinder cameras", "System cameras" ]
13,230,101	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iloca	The Iloca was a 35mm rangefinder camera produced from 1952 to 1959 by Wilhelm Witt of Hamburg. Models designated "Rapid" had a rapid winding lever. The Iloca was the first 35mm camera with an integrated electric motor wind. It was very expensive and sold poorly in Europe, but was much more successful in the USA where ...	Iloca	[ "Technology" ]	252	[ "Rangefinder cameras", "System cameras" ]
13,230,505	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20countries%20by%20number%20of%20Internet%20users	Below is a sortable list of countries by number of Internet users as of 2024. Internet users are defined as persons who accessed the Internet in the last 12 months from any device, including mobile phones. Percentage is the percentage of a country's population that are Internet users. Estimates are derived either from ...	List of countries by number of Internet users	[ "Technology" ]	284	[ "Computing-related lists", "Internet-related lists" ]
13,230,920	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furstenberg%27s%20proof%20of%20the%20infinitude%20of%20primes	In mathematics, particularly in number theory, Hillel Furstenberg's proof of the infinitude of primes is a topological proof that the integers contain infinitely many prime numbers. When examined closely, the proof is less a statement about topology than a statement about certain properties of arithmetic sequences. U...	Furstenberg's proof of the infinitude of primes	[ "Mathematics" ]	701	[ "General topology", "Prime numbers", "Mathematical objects", "Article proofs", "Topology", "Numbers", "Number theory" ]
13,231,083	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave%20Barr%20%28motorcyclist%29	Dave Barr (April 12, 1952 - Nov 8, 2024) was born in Los Angeles, California was an American veteran of the Vietnam War and a motorcyclist best known for being the first double amputee to circumnavigate the globe. He lived in Bodfish, Kern County, California where he runs a motorcycle tour company. He is also the autho...	Dave Barr (motorcyclist)	[ "Chemistry" ]	503	[ "Explosion survivors", "Explosions" ]
13,231,140	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Ckunoshima	is a small island in the Inland Sea of Japan. It is considered to be part of the city of Takehara, Hiroshima Prefecture. It is accessible by ferry from Tadanoumi and Ōmishima. There are campsites, walking trails and places of historical interest on the island. It is often called because of the large population of free...	Ōkunoshima	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,093	[ "Chemical warfare facilities" ]
13,231,523	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishkama%20Karma	Nishkama Karma (Sanskrit IAST : Niṣkāmakarma), self-less or desireless action, is an action performed without any expectation of fruits or results, and the central tenet of Karma Yoga path to liberation. Its modern advocates press upon achieving success following the principles of Yoga, and stepping beyond personal goa...	Nishkama Karma	[ "Biology" ]	756	[ "Behavior", "Human behavior", "Applied ethics" ]
13,232,165	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-redundancy%20actuation	High-redundancy actuation (HRA) is a new approach to fault-tolerant control in the area of mechanical actuation. Overview The basic idea is to use a lot of small actuation elements, so that a fault of one element has only a minor effect on the overall system. This way, a High Redundancy Actuator can remain functional...	High-redundancy actuation	[ "Engineering" ]	1,330	[ "Control engineering" ]
13,232,257	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot%20II	The Robot II was a mechanical 135 film camera by Robot introduced in 1938. It was a slightly larger camera than the Robot I, with some significant improvements but still using the basic mechanism. Among the standard objectives were 3 cm Zeiss Tessar and a 3 cm Zeiss Tessar in 1:2,8 and 1:3,5 variations, a 1:2,0/40 mm ...	Robot II	[ "Technology" ]	365	[ "Recording devices", "Cameras" ]
13,232,598	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless%20intercom	A wireless intercom is a telecommunications device that enables voice communication without the need to run copper wires between intercom stations. A wired intercom system may incorporate wireless elements. There are many types of wireless intercom systems on the market. Most wireless intercom systems communicate by r...	Wireless intercom	[ "Engineering" ]	909	[ "Telecommunications engineering", "Radio communications" ]
13,232,642	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night%20Sky%20%28magazine%29	Night Sky is a discontinued American bimonthly magazine for entry-level stargazers. It was published between May/June 2004 and March/April 2007 by Sky Publishing, which also produces Sky & Telescope (S&T). Night Sky was intended to be a less technical than S&T. The target audience was recreational naked-eye and low-...	Night Sky (magazine)	[ "Astronomy" ]	143	[ "Astronomy magazines", "Works about astronomy", "Astronomy stubs" ]
13,232,655	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contaflex%20SLR	The Contaflex series is a family of 35mm Single-lens reflex cameras (SLR) equipped with a leaf shutter, produced by Zeiss Ikon in the 1950s and 1960s. The name was first used by Zeiss Ikon in 1935 for a 35mm Twin-lens reflex camera, the Contaflex TLR; for the earlier TLR, the -flex suffix referred to the integral refle...	Contaflex SLR	[ "Technology" ]	3,414	[ "System cameras", "Single-lens reflex cameras" ]
13,232,736	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20transfer%20upconversion	Energy Transfer Upconversion or ETU is a physical principle (most commonly encountered in solid-state laser physics) that involves the excitation of a laser-active ion to a level above that which would be achieved by simple absorption of a pump photon, the required additional energy being transferred from another laser...	Energy transfer upconversion	[ "Chemistry" ]	399	[ "Solid state engineering", "Solid-state lasers" ]
13,235,454	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Mass%20Spectrometry%20Foundation	The International Mass Spectrometry Foundation (IMSF) is a non-profit scientific organization in the field of mass spectrometry. It operates the International Mass Spectrometry Society, which consists of 37 member societies and sponsors the International Mass Spectrometry Conference that is held once every two years. ...	International Mass Spectrometry Foundation	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	349	[ "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Instrumental analysis", "Mass", "Mass spectrometry", "nan", "Chemistry societies", "Matter" ]
15,909,871	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic%20trajectory%20evaluation	Symbolic trajectory evaluation (STE) is a lattice-based model checking technology that uses a form of symbolic simulation. STE is essentially used for computer hardware, that is circuit verification. The technique uses abstraction, meaning that details of the circuit behaviour are removed from the circuit model. It was...	Symbolic trajectory evaluation	[ "Technology" ]	140	[ "Computing stubs", "Computer science", "Computer science stubs" ]
15,909,922	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicro	Dicro Oy is a Finnish contract manufacturer of electronics, cable and electromechanical assemblies for various industrial, medical and telecommunication branch businesses. The company headquarters is in the municipality of Vihti in the town of Nummela, Finland. It was founded in 1987 and in 2001 opened a new manufactur...	Dicro	[ "Chemistry" ]	187	[ "Filter manufacturers", "Filters" ]
15,910,901	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptotope	A cryptotope is an antigenic site or epitope hidden in a protein or virion by surface subunits. Cryptotopes are antigenically active only after the dissociation of protein aggregates and virions. Some infectious pathogens are known to escape immunological targeting by B-cells by masking antigen-binding sites as cryptot...	Cryptotope	[ "Biology" ]	133	[ "Immune system", "Organ systems" ]
15,912,991	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopf%20maximum%20principle	The Hopf maximum principle is a maximum principle in the theory of second order elliptic partial differential equations and has been described as the "classic and bedrock result" of that theory. Generalizing the maximum principle for harmonic functions which was already known to Gauss in 1839, Eberhard Hopf proved in 1...	Hopf maximum principle	[ "Mathematics" ]	431	[ "Mathematical principles" ]
15,914,332	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmbieSense	AmbieSense was a large European project funded by the Information Society Technologies, Fifth Framework Programme of the European Commission (EU-IST 2001-34244). A company has been formed of the same name and has contributed to initiatives such as the open source Webinos project. Objectives The AmbieSense looks into...	AmbieSense	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	643	[ "Distributed computing projects", "Computing and society", "Ambient intelligence", "Information technology projects" ]
7,109,264	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%20engine	A model engine is a small internal combustion engine typically used to power a radio-controlled aircraft, radio-controlled car, radio-controlled boat, free flight, control line aircraft, or ground-running tether car model. Because of the square–cube law, the behaviour of many engines does not always scale up or down a...	Model engine	[ "Physics", "Technology" ]	2,103	[ "Engine technology", "Scale modeling", "Model engines", "Engines" ]
7,109,281	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Award%20pin	An award pin is a small object, usually made from metal or plastic, with a pin on the back, presented as an award of achievement or a mark of appreciation. They are worn on clothes such as jackets, shirts or hats. Description Award pins usually have an image or words, or both, depicting the reason for the award. An ...	Award pin	[ "Mathematics" ]	342	[ "Symbols", "Badges" ]
7,110,145	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectra%20Shield	Spectra Shield is a composite material (specifically, an ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber) used in bulletproof vests and vehicle armour. It is manufactured by Honeywell. Spectra is a fiber offered by Honeywell, and "Shield" is their patented process for using resin and a "plastic film" to bind mu...	Spectra Shield	[ "Physics" ]	132	[ "Materials", "Composite materials", "Matter" ]
7,110,810	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocket%20shark	The pocket shark (Mollisquama parini) is a species of kitefin shark in the family Dalatiidae. The species is found in deep water off Chile in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. It was the only member of the genus Mollisquama, until another species, M. mississippiensis, was discovered in the Gulf of Mexico. Both species ar...	Pocket shark	[ "Biology" ]	713	[ "Individual organisms", "Species known from a single specimen" ]
7,111,308	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubular%20NDT	Tubular NDT (nondestructive testing) is the application of various technologies to detect anomalies such as corrosion and manufacturing defects in metallic tubes. Tubing can be found in such equipment as boilers and heat exchangers. To carry out an examination in situ (i.e., examination of the tubes in position, where ...	Tubular NDT	[ "Materials_science" ]	484	[ "Nondestructive testing", "Materials testing" ]
7,111,771	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UVB-induced%20apoptosis	UVB-induced apoptosis is the programmed cell death of cells that become damaged by ultraviolet rays. This is notable in skin cells, to prevent melanoma. Some studies have shown that exercise accelerates this process. Description Apoptosis is a physiological process, that promotes the active suicide of cells, resulting...	UVB-induced apoptosis	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,394	[ "Immune system", "Signal transduction", "Senescence", "Organ systems", "Programmed cell death" ]
7,112,124	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Making%20Sweden%20an%20Oil-Free%20Society	In 2005 the government of Sweden appointed a commission to draw up a comprehensive programme to reduce Sweden's dependence on petroleum, natural gas and other 'fossil raw materials' by 2020. In June 2006 (less than three months before the 2006 general election) the commission issued its report, entitled Making Sweden a...	Making Sweden an Oil-Free Society	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,073	[ "Petroleum", "Petroleum politics" ]
7,112,300	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barberpole%20illusion	The barberpole illusion is a visual illusion that reveals biases in the processing of visual motion in the human brain. This visual illusion occurs when a diagonally striped pole is rotated around its vertical axis (horizontally), it appears as though the stripes are moving in the direction of its vertical axis (downwa...	Barberpole illusion	[ "Physics" ]	604	[ "Optical phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Optical illusions" ]
7,113,411	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betulin	Betulin is an abundant, naturally occurring triterpene. It is commonly isolated from the bark of birch trees. It forms up to 30% of the dry weight of silver birch bark. It is also found in birch sap. Inonotus obliquus contains betulin. The compound in the bark gives the tree its white color which appears to protect th...	Betulin	[ "Chemistry" ]	201	[ "Isopropenyl compounds", "Functional groups" ]
7,113,672	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile%20DTV%20Alliance	The Mobile DTV Alliance is a marketing organization based in San Ramon, California that was founded in 2006 by a consortium of companies to promote open standards for mobile TV. Its goal is the rapid adoption of mobile TV technology via DVB-H and to further the mobile TV experience in North America. The President of ...	Mobile DTV Alliance	[ "Technology" ]	193	[ "Mobile television" ]
7,113,944	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmented%20cognition	Augmented cognition is an interdisciplinary area of psychology and engineering, attracting researchers from the more traditional fields of human-computer interaction, psychology, ergonomics and neuroscience. Augmented cognition research generally focuses on tasks and environments where human–computer interaction and in...	Augmented cognition	[ "Engineering", "Biology" ]	1,498	[ "Human–computer interaction", "Neuroscience", "Human–machine interaction" ]
7,114,058	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boronic%20acid	A boronic acid is an organic compound related to boric acid () in which one of the three hydroxyl groups () is replaced by an alkyl or aryl group (represented by R in the general formula ). As a compound containing a carbon–boron bond, members of this class thus belong to the larger class of organoboranes. Boronic aci...	Boronic acid	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,205	[ "Functional groups" ]
7,114,714	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isostere	Classical Isosteres are molecules or ions with similar shape and often electronic properties. Many definitions are available. but the term is usually employed in the context of bioactivity and drug development. Such biologically-active compounds containing an isostere is called a bioisostere. This is frequently used i...	Isostere	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	277	[ "Life sciences industry", "Drug discovery", "Theoretical chemistry", "nan", "Medicinal chemistry" ]
7,115,286	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric%20cell%20division	An asymmetric cell division produces two daughter cells with different cellular fates. This is in contrast to symmetric cell divisions which give rise to daughter cells of equivalent fates. Notably, stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to two distinct daughter cells: one copy of the original stem cell as well ...	Asymmetric cell division	[ "Biology" ]	3,366	[ "Behavior", "Developmental biology", "Reproduction" ]
7,115,718	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball-and-stick%20model	In chemistry, the ball-and-stick model is a molecular model of a chemical substance which displays both the three-dimensional position of the atoms and the bonds between them. The atoms are typically represented by spheres, connected by rods which represent the bonds. Double and triple bonds are usually represented by ...	Ball-and-stick model	[ "Chemistry" ]	560	[ "Theoretical chemistry", "Molecular modelling", "Molecular physics" ]
7,115,965	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IETF%20language%20tag	An IETF BCP 47 language tag is a standardized code that is used to identify human languages on the Internet. The tag structure has been standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in Best Current Practice (BCP) 47; the subtags are maintained by the IANA Language Subtag Registry. To distinguish language ...	IETF language tag	[ "Technology" ]	3,937	[ "Natural language and computing", "Internationalization and localization" ]
7,116,046	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal%20rights	Animal rights is the philosophy according to which many or all sentient animals have moral worth independent of their utility to humans, and that their most basic interests—such as avoiding suffering—should be afforded the same consideration as similar interests of human beings. The argument from marginal cases is ofte...	Animal rights	[ "Technology" ]	9,128	[ "Bioethics", "Ethics of science and technology" ]
7,116,205	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APM%2008279%2B5255	APM 08279+5255 is a very distant, broad absorption line quasar located in the constellation Lynx. It is magnified and split into multiple images by the gravitational lensing effect of a foreground galaxy through which its light passes. It appears to be a giant elliptical galaxy with a supermassive black hole and associ...	APM 08279+5255	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	952	[ "Black holes", "Lynx (constellation)", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Supermassive black holes", "Constellations" ]
7,116,441	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple%20lipid	A simple lipid is a fatty acid ester of different alcohols and carries no other substance. These lipids belong to a heterogeneous class of predominantly nonpolar compounds, mostly insoluble in water, but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents such as chloroform and benzene. "Simple lipid" can refer to many different typ...	Simple lipid	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	173	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Biotechnology stubs", "Organic compounds", "Biochemistry stubs", "Biochemistry", "Lipids" ]
7,116,447	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saponifiable%20lipid	A saponifiable lipid is part of the ester functional group. They are made up of long chain carboxylic (of fatty) acids connected to an alcoholic functional group through the ester linkage which can undergo a saponification reaction. The fatty acids are released upon base-catalyzed ester hydrolysis to form ionized salt...	Saponifiable lipid	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	235	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Biotechnology stubs", "Biochemistry stubs", "Organic compounds", "Biochemistry", "Lipids" ]
7,118,201	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downhill%20folding	Downhill folding is a process in which a protein folds without encountering any significant macroscopic free energy barrier. It is a key prediction of the folding funnel hypothesis of the energy landscape theory of proteins. Overview Downhill folding is predicted to occur under conditions of extreme native bias, i.e...	Downhill folding	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,837	[ "Statistical mechanics", "Protein structure", "Structural biology" ]
7,118,210	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical%20engineering%20technology	Electrical/Electronics engineering technology (EET) is an engineering technology field that implements and applies the principles of electrical engineering. Like electrical engineering, EET deals with the "design, application, installation, manufacturing, operation or maintenance of electrical/electronic(s) systems." H...	Electrical engineering technology	[ "Engineering" ]	878	[ "Electrical engineering" ]
7,118,482	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog%20behavior	Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses of individuals or groups of domestic dogs to internal and external stimuli. It has been shaped by millennia of contact with humans and their lifestyles. As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs have acquired the ability to understand and communicate ...	Dog behavior	[ "Biology" ]	9,446	[ "Behavioural sciences", "Ethology", "Behavior" ]
14,383,139	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotropes%20of%20sulfur	The element sulfur exists as many allotropes. In number of allotropes, sulfur is second only to carbon. In addition to the allotropes, each allotrope often exists in polymorphs (different crystal structures of the same covalently bonded Sn molecules) delineated by Greek prefixes (α, β, etc.). Furthermore, because elem...	Allotropes of sulfur	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	2,769	[ "Amorphous solids", "Allotropes of sulfur", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Allotropes" ]
14,383,330	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquacultural%20engineering	Aquacultural engineering is a multidisciplinary field of engineering and that aims to solve technical problems associated with farming aquatic vertebrates, invertebrates, and algae. Common aquaculture systems requiring optimization and engineering include sea cages, ponds, and recirculating systems. The design and mana...	Aquacultural engineering	[ "Engineering" ]	373	[ "nan" ]
14,383,955	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temples%20of%20Humankind	The Temples of Humankind are a collection of subterranean temples buried underground built by the Federation of Damanhur. They are decorated in several motifs stressing peaceful human collaboration. The Temples are located in the foothills of the Alps in northern Italy, from Turin, in the valley of Valchiusella. T...	Temples of Humankind	[ "Engineering" ]	404	[ "Architecture related to utopias", "Architecture" ]
14,384,856	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth%20International%20Conference%20on%20Environmental%20Education	The Tbilisiplus30 or the Fourth International Conference on Environmental Education was held at the Centre for Environment Education, Ahmedabad, India between November 24, 2007 and November 28, 2007. The conference was the fourth in the series of Conferences on environmental education held since the first internationa...	Fourth International Conference on Environmental Education	[ "Environmental_science" ]	283	[ "Environmental education", "Environmental social science" ]
14,385,549	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strongly%20minimal%20theory	In model theory—a branch of mathematical logic—a minimal structure is an infinite one-sorted structure such that every subset of its domain that is definable with parameters is either finite or cofinite. A strongly minimal theory is a complete theory all models of which are minimal. A strongly minimal structure is a st...	Strongly minimal theory	[ "Mathematics" ]	455	[ "Mathematical logic", "Model theory" ]
14,385,751	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret%20T.%20Fuller	Margaret "Minx" T. Fuller is an American developmental biologist known for her research on the male germ line and defining the role of the stem cell environment (the hub cells that establish the niche of particular cells) in specifying cell fate and differentiation. Fuller is the Reed-Hodgson Professor of Human Biolo...	Margaret T. Fuller	[ "Biology" ]	748	[ "Stem cell researchers", "Stem cell research" ]
14,386,018	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyoxalase%20system	The glyoxalase system is a set of enzymes that carry out the detoxification of methylglyoxal and the other reactive aldehydes that are produced as a normal part of metabolism. This system has been studied in both bacteria and eukaryotes. This detoxification is accomplished by the sequential action of two thiol-dependen...	Glyoxalase system	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,156	[ "Cellular processes", "Biochemistry", "Metabolism" ]
14,386,363	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferranti%20effect	In electrical engineering, the Ferranti effect is the increase in voltage occurring at the receiving end of a very long (> 200 km) AC electric power transmission line, relative to the voltage at the sending end, when the load is very small, or no load is connected. It can be stated as a factor, or as a percent increase...	Ferranti effect	[ "Physics" ]	395	[ "Physical phenomena", "Electrical phenomena" ]
14,387,852	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapaquistat	Lapaquistat (TAK-475) is a cholesterol-lowering drug candidate that was abandoned before being marketed. Unlike statins, which inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, lapaquistat metabolites inhibit squalene synthase, which is further downstream in the synthesis of cholesterol. It is hoped that side effects can be reduced by not d...	Lapaquistat	[ "Chemistry" ]	292	[ "Drug safety", "Abandoned drugs" ]
14,388,992	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MT-ND5	MT-ND5 is a gene of the mitochondrial genome coding for the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 5 protein (ND5). The ND5 protein is a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain. Variations in ...	MT-ND5	[ "Chemistry" ]	785	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Proteins", "Molecular biology" ]
14,388,997	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MT-ND1	MT-ND1 is a gene of the mitochondrial genome coding for the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 (ND1) protein. The ND1 protein is a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase, which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain. Variants of the human MT-ND...	MT-ND1	[ "Chemistry" ]	949	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Proteins", "Molecular biology" ]
14,389,789	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinase%20K	In molecular biology, Proteinase K (, protease K, endopeptidase K, Tritirachium alkaline proteinase, Tritirachium album serine proteinase, Tritirachium album proteinase K) is a broad-spectrum serine protease. The enzyme was discovered in 1974 in extracts of the fungus Parengyodontium album (formerly Engyodontium albu...	Proteinase K	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,234	[ "Biochemistry methods", "Biochemistry" ]
14,389,994	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural%20landscape	A natural landscape is the original landscape that exists before it is acted upon by human culture. The natural landscape and the cultural landscape are separate parts of the landscape. However, in the 21st century, landscapes that are totally untouched by human activity no longer exist, so that reference is sometimes ...	Natural landscape	[ "Biology", "Environmental_science" ]	2,323	[ "Biodiversity", "Ecology", "nan" ]
14,390,885	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective%20molarity	In chemistry, the effective molarity (denoted EM) is defined as the ratio between the first-order rate constant of an intramolecular reaction and the second-order rate constant of the corresponding intermolecular reaction (kinetic effective molarity) or the ratio between the equilibrium constant of an intramolecular re...	Effective molarity	[ "Chemistry" ]	164	[ "Physical organic chemistry" ]
14,391,189	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexei%20Strolman	Alexei Petrovich Strolman (c. 1811–1898, aged 86-87), Строльман (Алексей Петрович), was a Russian mining engineer, historian and author. He is known for his work with the commission for the emancipation of the serfs, and for his history of mining in Russia published as a series of articles in the Mining Journal (Russi...	Alexei Strolman	[ "Engineering" ]	318	[ "Mining engineering", "Mining engineers" ]
14,391,787	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayes%20linear%20statistics	Bayes linear statistics is a subjectivist statistical methodology and framework. Traditional subjective Bayesian analysis is based upon fully specified probability distributions, which are very difficult to specify at the necessary level of detail. Bayes linear analysis attempts to solve this problem by developing th...	Bayes linear statistics	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,133	[ "Probability interpretations" ]
14,391,804	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilberforce%20pendulum	A Wilberforce pendulum, invented by British physicist Lionel Robert Wilberforce around 1896, consists of a mass suspended by a long helical spring and free to turn on its vertical axis, twisting the spring. It is an example of a coupled mechanical oscillator, often used as a demonstration in physics education. The mas...	Wilberforce pendulum	[ "Physics" ]	894	[ "Motion (physics)", "Physical phenomena", "Dynamics (mechanics)", "Classical mechanics" ]
14,392,996	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document%20camera	Document cameras, also known as visual presenters, visualizers, digital overheads, or docucams, are high-resolution, real-time image capture devices used to display an object to a large audience, such as in a classroom or a lecture hall, or in online presentations such as webinars. A webcam is mounted on arms, allowin...	Document camera	[ "Technology" ]	2,101	[ "Recording devices", "Cameras" ]
14,393,992	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F2%20propagation	F2 propagation (F2-skip) is the reflection of VHF signals off the F2 layer of the ionosphere. The phenomenon is rare compared to other forms of propagation (such as sporadic E propagation, or E-skip) but can reflect signals thousands of miles beyond their intended broadcast area, substantially farther than E-skip. F2-s...	F2 propagation	[ "Physics" ]	1,461	[ "Physical phenomena", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Radio frequency propagation", "Electromagnetic spectrum", "Waves" ]
14,394,227	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized%20Ozaki%20cost%20function	In economics the generalized-Ozaki (GO) cost function is a general description of the cost of production proposed by Shinichiro Nakamura. The GO cost function is notable for explicitly considering nonhomothetic technology, where the proportions of inputs can vary as the output changes. This stands in contrast to the st...	Generalized Ozaki cost function	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,331	[ "Mathematical analysis", "Functions and mappings", "Mathematical relations", "Mathematical objects" ]
14,397,549	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens%20C25	The Siemens C25 is a mobile phone introduced by Siemens in 1999.Siemens C 25 is positioned as an entry-level model. It is a small, lightweight, handy device. This model was available in only 5 colors (Classic Green, Classic Blue, Anthracite, Bright Blue or Bright Yellow). But it was possible to buy a removable front pa...	Siemens C25	[ "Technology" ]	291	[ "Mobile technology stubs", "Mobile phone stubs" ]
9,241,978	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual%20MODFLOW	Visual MODFLOW (VMOD) is a graphical interface (GUI) for the open source groundwater modeling engine MODFLOW. VMOD was developed by Waterloo Hydrogeologic and first released in 1994, the first commercially available GUI for MODFLOW. In May 2012 a .NET version of the software was rebranded as Visual MODFLOW Flex. The pr...	Visual MODFLOW	[ "Environmental_science" ]	350	[ "Hydrology", "Hydrology stubs" ]
9,243,099	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitive%20equilibrium	Competitive equilibrium (also called: Walrasian equilibrium) is a concept of economic equilibrium, introduced by Kenneth Arrow and Gérard Debreu in 1951, appropriate for the analysis of commodity markets with flexible prices and many traders, and serving as the benchmark of efficiency in economic analysis. It relies cr...	Competitive equilibrium	[ "Mathematics" ]	3,303	[ "Game theory", "Auction theory" ]
9,243,645	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vela%20X-1	Vela X-1 is a pulsing, eclipsing high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) system, associated with the Uhuru source 4U 0900-40 and the supergiant star HD 77581. The X-ray emission of the neutron star is caused by the capture and accretion of matter from the stellar wind of the supergiant companion. Vela X-1 is the prototypical d...	Vela X-1	[ "Astronomy" ]	352	[ "Vela (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
9,243,688	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiuser%20detection	Multiuser detection deals with demodulation of the mutually interfering digital streams of information that occur in areas such as wireless communications, high-speed data transmission, DSL, satellite communication, digital television, and magnetic recording. It is also being currently investigated for demodulation in ...	Multiuser detection	[ "Technology" ]	456	[ "nan" ]
9,244,813	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold%20Spring%20Canyon%20Arch%20Bridge	The Cold Spring Canyon Arch Bridge in the Santa Ynez Mountains links Santa Barbara, California with Santa Ynez, California. The bridge is signed as part of State Route 154. It is currently the highest arch bridge in the U.S. state of California and among the highest bridges in the United States. At its highest point, ...	Cold Spring Canyon Arch Bridge	[ "Engineering" ]	563	[ "Civil engineering", "Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks" ]
9,245,024	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Bluetooth%20protocols	The wireless data exchange standard Bluetooth uses a variety of protocols. Core protocols are defined by the trade organization Bluetooth SIG. Additional protocols have been adopted from other standards bodies. This article gives an overview of the core protocols and those adopted protocols that are widely used. The B...	List of Bluetooth protocols	[ "Technology" ]	2,102	[ "Computing-related lists", "Lists of network protocols", "Wireless networking", "Bluetooth" ]
9,245,403	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misuse%20detection	Misuse detection actively works against potential insider threats to vulnerable computer data. Misuse Misuse detection is an approach to detecting computer attacks. In a misuse detection approach, abnormal system behaviour is defined first, and then all other behaviour is defined as normal. It stands against the anoma...	Misuse detection	[ "Engineering" ]	166	[ "Cybersecurity engineering", "Data security" ]
9,245,479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montgomery%20Woods%20State%20Natural%20Reserve	Montgomery Woods State Natural Reserve is a 1,323-acre (535 ha) state-owned park located in the Coastal Range in Mendocino County, California, United States. The Reserve occupies the headwaters of Montgomery Creek, a tributary of Big River, which flows into the Pacific Ocean at Mendocino Headlands State Park. The virg...	Montgomery Woods State Natural Reserve	[ "Biology" ]	359	[ "Old-growth forests", "Ecosystems" ]
9,245,509	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milnor%20conjecture%20%28knot%20theory%29	In knot theory, the Milnor conjecture says that the slice genus of the torus knot is It is in a similar vein to the Thom conjecture. It was first proved by gauge theoretic methods by Peter Kronheimer and Tomasz Mrowka. Jacob Rasmussen later gave a purely combinatorial proof using Khovanov homology, by means of the s...	Milnor conjecture (knot theory)	[ "Mathematics" ]	96	[ "Geometric topology", "Topology", "Conjectures that have been proved", "Mathematical problems", "Mathematical theorems" ]
9,245,549	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibule%20%28architecture%29	A vestibule (also anteroom, antechamber, air-lock entry or foyer) is a small room leading into a larger space such as a lobby, entrance hall, or passage, for the purpose of waiting, withholding the larger space from view, reducing heat loss, providing storage space for outdoor clothing, etc. The term applies to structu...	Vestibule (architecture)	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,620	[ "Building engineering", "Rooms", "Architectural elements", "Components", "Architecture" ]
9,246,109	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eikos	Eikos, Inc was a technology company based in Franklin, Massachusetts that developed transparent, electrically conductive carbon nanotube films and nanotube inks for transparent conductive coatings. Eikos branded its technology as Invisicon. It was founded in 1996 by Joseph Piche. Eikos aimed to replace indium tin oxid...	Eikos	[ "Materials_science" ]	254	[ "Nanotechnology", "Nanotechnology institutions", "Nanotechnology companies" ]
9,246,645	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25D/Neujmin	25D/Neujmin, otherwise known as Comet Neujmin 2, is a periodic comet in the Solar System discovered by Grigory N. Neujmin (Simeis) on February 24, 1916. It was last observed on February 10, 1927. It was confirmed by George Van Biesbroeck (Yerkes Observatory, Wisconsin, United States) and Frank Watson Dyson (Greenwich ...	25D/Neujmin	[ "Astronomy" ]	239	[ "Astronomy stubs", "Comet stubs" ]
9,246,889	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netgraph	netgraph is the graph based kernel networking subsystem of FreeBSD since 3.4 and DragonFly BSD since the fork from FreeBSD. Netgraph provides support for L2TP, PPTP, ATM, Bluetooth using a modular set of nodes that are the graph. Netgraph has also been ported on other Operating Systems: NetBSD kernel 1.5V (not integr...	Netgraph	[ "Technology" ]	211	[ "Computing stubs", "Computer network stubs" ]
9,246,933	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text%20Services%20Framework	The Text Services Framework (TSF) is a COM framework and API in Windows XP and later Windows operating systems that supports advanced text input and text processing. The Language Bar is the core user interface for Text Services Framework. Overview The Text Services Framework is designed to offer advanced language and ...	Text Services Framework	[ "Technology" ]	660	[ "Input methods", "Natural language and computing" ]
9,247,154	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco-British%20Nuclear%20Forum	The first meeting of the Franco–British Nuclear Forum was held in Paris in November 2007, chaired by the Minister for Energy and the French Industry Minister. The working groups are focusing on specific areas for collaboration. A follow-up meeting on the issue in London was planned for March 2008, but did not take plac...	Franco-British Nuclear Forum	[ "Physics" ]	103	[ "Nuclear and atomic physics stubs", "Nuclear physics" ]
9,247,352	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20Design%20Alliance	Open Design Alliance is a nonprofit organization creating software development kits (SDKs) for engineering applications. ODA offers interoperability tools for CAD, BIM, and Mechanical industries including .dwg, .dxf, .dgn, Autodesk Revit, Autodesk Navisworks, and .ifc files and additional tools for visualization, web d...	Open Design Alliance	[ "Technology" ]	1,738	[ "Information technology", "Information technology organizations" ]
9,247,603	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protistology	Protistology is a scientific discipline devoted to the study of protists, a highly diverse group of eukaryotic organisms. All eukaryotes apart from animals, plants and fungi are considered protists. Its field of study therefore overlaps with the more traditional disciplines of phycology, mycology, and protozoology, jus...	Protistology	[ "Biology" ]	851	[ "Eukaryotes", "Protists", "nan" ]
9,248,446	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise%20Privacy%20Authorization%20Language	Enterprise Privacy Authorization Language (EPAL) is a formal language for writing enterprise privacy policies to govern data handling practices in IT systems according to fine-grained positive and negative authorization rights. It was submitted by IBM to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 2003 to be considered for ...	Enterprise Privacy Authorization Language	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	203	[ "Computer standards", "Computer security procedures", "Cybersecurity engineering", "XML-based standards" ]
9,248,456	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuterated%20chloroform	Deuterated chloroform, also known as chloroform-d, is the organic compound with the formula . Deuterated chloroform is a common solvent used in NMR spectroscopy. The properties of (chloroform) are virtually identical. Deuterochloroform was first made in 1935 during the years of research on deuterium. Preparation Deu...	Deuterated chloroform	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	691	[ "Deuterated solvents", "Nuclear magnetic resonance", "Nuclear physics" ]
9,248,704	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/30P/Reinmuth	Comet 30P/Reinmuth, also known as Comet Reinmuth 1, is a periodic comet in the Solar System, first discovered by Karl Reinmuth (Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl, Germany) on February 22, 1928. First calculations of orbit concluded a period of 25 years, but this was revised down to seven years and speculation thi...	30P/Reinmuth	[ "Astronomy" ]	256	[ "Astronomy stubs", "Comet stubs" ]
9,249,185	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/69P/Taylor	Comet Taylor is a periodic comet in the Solar System, first discovered by Clement J. Taylor (Cape Town, South Africa) on November 24, 1915. George van Biesbroeck and E. E. Barnard (Yerkes Observatory, Wisconsin, United States) observed that the comet was split into two distinct nuclei, but this was not seen after Marc...	69P/Taylor	[ "Astronomy" ]	359	[ "Astronomy stubs", "Comet stubs" ]
9,249,236	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20WiMAX%20networks	The following is a list of WiMAX networks. Standards IEEE 802.16 - called fixed WiMAX because of static connection without handover. IEEE 802.16e - called mobile WiMAX because it allows handovers between base stations. IEEE 802.16m - advanced air interface with data rates of 100 Mbit/s mobile and 1 Gbit/s fixed. ...	List of WiMAX networks	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	100	[ "Electronic engineering", "WiMAX", "Wireless networking", "Network access" ]
9,249,358	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ditch%20Witch	Ditch Witch, a trade name of Charles Machine Works, is an American brand of underground utility construction equipment, principally trenchers, which has been in operation since 1949. It is the leading subsidiary of Charles Machine Works, headquartered in Perry, Oklahoma. Charles Machine Works is, since 2019, a subsidi...	Ditch Witch	[ "Engineering" ]	1,172	[ "Engineering vehicles" ]
9,249,581	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate%20reality	Ultimate reality is "the supreme, final, and fundamental power in all reality". It refers to the most fundamental fact about reality, especially when it is seen as also being the most valuable fact. This may overlap with the concept of the Absolute in certain philosophies. Greek philosophy Anaximander (c. 610–546 BCE...	Ultimate reality	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,256	[ "Mathematical objects", "Infinity" ]
9,249,813	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward%20kinematics	In robot kinematics, forward kinematics refers to the use of the kinematic equations of a robot to compute the position of the end-effector from specified values for the joint parameters. The kinematics equations of the robot are used in robotics, computer games, and animation. The reverse process, that computes the ...	Forward kinematics	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	755	[ "Robot kinematics", "Robotics engineering", "Computational physics" ]
9,250,002	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20planning	Energy planning has a number of different meanings, but the most common meaning of the term is the process of developing long-range policies to help guide the future of a local, national, regional or even the global energy system. Energy planning is often conducted within governmental organizations but may also be carr...	Energy planning	[ "Environmental_science" ]	2,176	[ "Environmental social science", "Energy policy" ]
9,250,314	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective%20adsorption	In surface science, selective adsorption is the effect when minima associated with bound-state resonances occur in specular intensity in atom-surface scattering. In crystal growth, selective adsorption refers to the phenomenon where adsorbing molecules attach preferentially to certain crystal faces. An example of sel...	Selective adsorption	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	267	[ "Physical chemistry stubs", "Condensed matter physics", "Surface science" ]
9,250,392	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonic%20%28physiology%29	Tonic in physiology refers to a physiological response which is slow and may be graded. This term is typically used in opposition to a fast response. For instance, tonic muscles are contrasted by the more typical and much faster twitch muscles, while tonic sensory nerve endings are contrasted to the much faster phasi...	Tonic (physiology)	[ "Biology" ]	260	[ "Physiology" ]
9,251,112	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni%20%28meteorology%29	Giovanni is a Web interface that allows users to analyze NASA's gridded data from various satellite and surface observations. Giovanni lets researchers examine data on atmospheric chemistry, atmospheric temperature, water vapor and clouds, atmospheric aerosols, precipitation, and ocean chlorophyll and surface temperat...	Giovanni (meteorology)	[ "Chemistry" ]	243	[ "nan" ]
9,251,253	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opus%20latericium	Opus latericium (Latin for "brick work") is an ancient Roman construction technique in which course-laid brickwork is used to face a core of opus caementicium. Opus reticulatum was the dominant form of wall construction in the Imperial era. In the time of the architectural writer Vitruvius, opus latericium seems to ha...	Opus latericium	[ "Engineering" ]	93	[ "Architecture stubs", "Architecture" ]
9,251,789	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming%20Text%20Oriented%20Messaging%20Protocol	Simple (or Streaming) Text Oriented Message Protocol (STOMP), formerly known as TTMP, is a simple text-based protocol, designed for working with message-oriented middleware (MOM). It provides an interoperable wire format that allows STOMP clients to talk with any message broker supporting the protocol. Overview The p...	Streaming Text Oriented Messaging Protocol	[ "Technology" ]	267	[ "Computing stubs", "Computer network stubs" ]
9,252,226	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitchers%20%28ceramic%20material%29	Pitchers are pottery that has been broken in the course of manufacture. Biscuit (unglazed) pitchers can be crushed, ground and re-used, either as a low-percentage addition to the virgin raw materials on the same factory, or elsewhere as grog. Because of the adhering glaze, glost pitchers find less use. The crushed mate...	Pitchers (ceramic material)	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	111	[ "Materials stubs", "Materials", "Ceramic materials", "Ceramic engineering", "Matter" ]
9,252,237	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-Xylene%20%28data%20page%29	This page provides supplementary chemical data on p-xylene. Material Safety Data Sheet The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source and follow its directions. MATHESON TRI-GAS, IN...	P-Xylene (data page)	[ "Chemistry" ]	116	[ "Chemical data pages", "nan" ]
9,252,911	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deviation%20%28statistics%29	In mathematics and statistics, deviation serves as a measure to quantify the disparity between an observed value of a variable and another designated value, frequently the mean of that variable. Deviations with respect to the sample mean and the population mean (or "true value") are called errors and residuals, respec...	Deviation (statistics)	[ "Physics" ]	1,893	[ "Physical quantities", "Statistical distance", "Distance" ]
9,252,913	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20Barn%20Observatory	The Red Barn Observatory was established in 2006 and is dedicated to follow-up observations and detections of asteroids, comets, and Near-Earth objects. Plans for the observatory began in 2002 and construction was completed in 2005. During the month of August 2006, the observatory code H68 was assigned by the Minor P...	Red Barn Observatory	[ "Astronomy" ]	451	[ "Space telescopes" ]
9,253,234	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keidel%20vacuum	The Keidel vacuum tube was a type of blood collecting device, first manufactured by Hynson, Wescott and Dunning in around 1922. This vacuum was one of the first evacuated systems, predating the more well known Vacutainer. Its primary use was to test for syphilis and typhoid fever. Process Essentially, the Keidel vacu...	Keidel vacuum	[ "Chemistry" ]	235	[ "Blood tests", "Chemical pathology" ]

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