Split (1)

train · 182k rows

id int64 39 79M	url stringlengths 31 227	text stringlengths 6 334k	source stringlengths 1 150 ⌀	categories listlengths 1 6	token_count int64 3 71.8k	subcategories listlengths 0 30
46,182	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20noise	In signal processing, white noise is a random signal having equal intensity at different frequencies, giving it a constant power spectral density. The term is used with this or similar meanings in many scientific and technical disciplines, including physics, acoustical engineering, telecommunications, and statistical f...	White noise	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	3,363	[ "Statistical signal processing", "Classical mechanics", "Acoustics", "Engineering statistics" ]
46,183	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butter	Butter is a dairy product made from the fat and protein components of churned cream. It is a semi-solid emulsion at room temperature, consisting of approximately 80% butterfat. It is used at room temperature as a spread, melted as a condiment, and used as a fat in baking, sauce-making, pan frying, and other cooking pro...	Butter	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	4,540	[ "Chemical mixtures", "Condensed matter physics", "Colloids" ]
46,202	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink%20noise	Pink noise, noise, fractional noise or fractal noise is a signal or process with a frequency spectrum such that the power spectral density (power per frequency interval) is inversely proportional to the frequency of the signal. In pink noise, each octave interval (halving or doubling in frequency) carries an equal amo...	Pink noise	[ "Physics" ]	4,000	[ "Classical mechanics", "Acoustics" ]
46,223	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowing	Sowing is the process of planting seeds. An area that has had seeds planted in it will be described as a sowed or sown area. When sowing it is important to: Use quality seeds Maintain proper distance between seeds Plant at correct depth Ensure the soil is clean , healthy , and free of pathogens (disease causing m...	Sowing	[ "Biology" ]	1,186	[ "Behavior", "Plant reproduction", "Plants", "Reproduction" ]
46,238	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrigeration	Refrigeration is any of various types of cooling of a space, substance, or system to lower and/or maintain its temperature below the ambient one (while the removed heat is ejected to a place of higher temperature). Refrigeration is an artificial, or human-made, cooling method. Refrigeration refers to the process by w...	Refrigeration	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	10,896	[ "Chemical processes", "Thermodynamics", "nan", "Chemical process engineering", "Dynamical systems" ]
46,242	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Lane%20Poor	Charles Lane Poor (January 18, 1866 – September 27, 1951) was an American astronomy professor, noted for his opposition to Einstein's theory of relativity. Biography He was born on January 18, 1866, in Hackensack, New Jersey, to Edward Erie Poor. He graduated from the City College of New York and received a PhD in 18...	Charles Lane Poor	[ "Physics" ]	446	[ "Relativity critics", "Theory of relativity" ]
46,253	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fever	Fever or pyrexia in humans is a symptom of an anti-infection defense mechanism that appears with body temperature exceeding the normal range due to an increase in the body's temperature set point in the hypothalamus. There is no single agreed-upon upper limit for normal temperature: sources use values ranging between ...	Fever	[ "Biology" ]	5,215	[ "Thermoregulation", "Homeostasis" ]
46,256	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemetry	Telemetry is the in situ collection of measurements or other data at remote points and their automatic transmission to receiving equipment (telecommunication) for monitoring. The word is derived from the Greek roots tele, 'far off', and metron, 'measure'. Systems that need external instructions and data to operate requ...	Telemetry	[ "Physics", "Mathematics", "Technology" ]	4,609	[ "Information and communications technology", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Telecommunications", "Measurement", "Size" ]
46,262	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightmare	A nightmare, also known as a bad dream, is an unpleasant dream that can cause a strong emotional response from the mind, typically fear but also despair, anxiety, disgust or sadness. The dream may contain situations of discomfort, psychological or physical terror, or panic. After a nightmare, a person will often awaken...	Nightmare	[ "Biology" ]	1,602	[ "Dream", "Behavior", "Sleep", "Sleep disorders" ]
46,310	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobster	Lobsters are malacostracans of the family Nephropidae or its synonym Homaridae. They have long bodies with muscular tails and live in crevices or burrows on the sea floor. Three of their five pairs of legs have claws, including the first pair, which are usually much larger than the others. Highly prized as seafood, lob...	Lobster	[ "Biology" ]	4,716	[ "Senescence", "Negligibly senescent organisms", "Organisms by adaptation" ]
46,331	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatfish	A flatfish is a member of the ray-finned demersal fish superorder Pleuronectoidei, also called the Heterosomata. In many species, both eyes lie on one side of the head, one or the other migrating through or around the head during development. Some species face their left sides upward, some face their right sides upward...	Flatfish	[ "Physics" ]	2,455	[ "Symmetry", "Asymmetry" ]
46,371	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalangeriformes	Phalangeriformes is a paraphyletic suborder of about 70 species of small to medium-sized arboreal marsupials native to Australia, New Guinea, and Sulawesi. The species are commonly known as possums, opossums, gliders, and cuscus. The common name "(o)possum" for various Phalangeriformes species derives from the creatur...	Phalangeriformes	[ "Biology" ]	1,652	[ "Phylogenetics", "Paraphyletic groups" ]
46,374	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatom	A diatom (Neo-Latin diatoma) is any member of a large group comprising several genera of algae, specifically microalgae, found in the oceans, waterways and soils of the world. Living diatoms make up a significant portion of the Earth's biomass: they generate about 20 to 50 percent of the oxygen produced on the planet e...	Diatom	[ "Biology" ]	12,245	[ "Diatoms", "Algae" ]
46,408	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magenta	Magenta () is a purplish-red color. On color wheels of the RGB (additive) and CMY (subtractive) color models, it is located precisely midway between blue and red. It is one of the four colors of ink used in color printing by an inkjet printer, along with yellow, cyan, and black to make all the other colors. The tone of...	Magenta	[ "Physics" ]	2,330	[ "Optical spectrum", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Electromagnetic spectrum" ]
46,439	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy%20of%20mathematics	Philosophy of mathematics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of mathematics and its relationship to other areas of philosophy, particularly epistemology and metaphysics. Central questions posed include whether or not mathematical objects are purely abstract entities or are in some way concrete, and ...	Philosophy of mathematics	[ "Mathematics" ]	10,827	[ "nan" ]
46,545	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications%20network	A telecommunications network is a group of nodes interconnected by telecommunications links that are used to exchange messages between the nodes. The links may use a variety of technologies based on the methodologies of circuit switching, message switching, or packet switching, to pass messages and signals. Multiple ...	Telecommunications network	[ "Engineering" ]	782	[ "Network architecture", "Electrical engineering", "Telecommunications engineering", "Computer networks engineering" ]
46,553	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia%20coli%20O157%3AH7	Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a serotype of the bacterial species Escherichia coli and is one of the Shiga-like toxin–producing types of E. coli. It is a cause of disease, typically foodborne illness, through consumption of contaminated and raw food, including raw milk and undercooked ground beef. Infection with this typ...	Escherichia coli O157:H7	[ "Biology" ]	1,959	[ "Model organisms", "Escherichia coli" ]
46,594	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straw	Straw is an agricultural byproduct consisting of the dry stalks of cereal plants after the grain and chaff have been removed. It makes up about half of the yield by weight of cereal crops such as barley, oats, rice, rye and wheat. It has a number of different uses, including fuel, livestock bedding and fodder, thatchin...	Straw	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,887	[ "Natural materials", "Biodegradable materials", "Biodegradation", "Materials", "Matter" ]
46,595	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loom	A loom is a device used to weave cloth and tapestry. The basic purpose of any loom is to hold the warp threads under tension to facilitate the interweaving of the weft threads. The precise shape of the loom and its mechanics may vary, but the basic function is the same. Etymology and usage The word "loom" derives from...	Loom	[ "Physics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	7,224	[ "Machines", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Weaving equipment", "Physical systems", "Mechanical engineering", "Textile engineering" ]
46,618	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shovelware	Shovelware is a term for individual video games or software bundles known more for the quantity of what is included than for the quality or usefulness. The metaphor implies that the creators showed little care for the quality of the original software, as if the new compilation or version had been created by indiscrimi...	Shovelware	[ "Technology" ]	973	[ "Computing terminology", "Criticisms of software and websites", "Computer jargon", "Natural language and computing" ]
46,628	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATM	An automated teller machine (ATM) is an electronic telecommunications device that enables customers of financial institutions to perform financial transactions, such as cash withdrawals, deposits, funds transfers, balance inquiries or account information inquiries, at any time and without the need for direct interactio...	ATM	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	9,745	[ "Computer engineering", "Embedded systems", "Computer systems", "Automation", "Computer science", "Information systems", "Self-service", "Automated teller machines" ]
46,630	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded%20system	An embedded system is a specialized computer system—a combination of a computer processor, computer memory, and input/output peripheral devices—that has a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electronic system. It is embedded as part of a complete device often including electrical or electronic hardware and...	Embedded system	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	5,956	[ "Embedded systems", "Computer science", "Computer engineering", "Computer systems" ]
46,633	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing%20tarpit	A Turing tarpit (or Turing tar-pit) is any programming language or computer interface that allows for flexibility in function but is difficult to learn and use because it offers little or no support for common tasks. The phrase was coined in 1982 by Alan Perlis in the Epigrams on Programming: In any Turing complete la...	Turing tarpit	[ "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	346	[ "Software engineering", "Recreational mathematics", "Software engineering folklore" ]
46,634	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenu	Xenu ( ), also called Xemu, is a figure in the Church of Scientology's secret "Advanced Technology", a sacred and esoteric teaching. According to the "Technology", Xenu was the extraterrestrial ruler of a "Galactic Confederacy" who brought billions of his people to Earth (then known as "Teegeeack") in DC-8-like spacec...	Xenu	[ "Astronomy" ]	6,909	[ "Cosmogony", "Creation myths" ]
46,642	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grep	grep is a command-line utility for searching plaintext datasets for lines that match a regular expression. Its name comes from the ed command g/re/p (global regular expression search and print), which has the same effect. grep was originally developed for the Unix operating system, but later became available for all Un...	Grep	[ "Technology" ]	1,274	[ "IBM i Qshell commands", "Standard Unix programs", "Computing commands", "Plan 9 commands", "Inferno (operating system) commands" ]
46,656	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20telescope	A radio telescope is a specialized antenna and radio receiver used to detect radio waves from astronomical radio sources in the sky. Radio telescopes are the main observing instrument used in radio astronomy, which studies the radio frequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, just as optical telescopes are used ...	Radio telescope	[ "Astronomy" ]	2,811	[ "Astronomical instruments" ]
46,675	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylem	Xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue in vascular plants, the other being phloem; both of these are part of the vascular bundle. The basic function of the xylem is to transport water upward from the roots to parts of the plants such as stems and leaves, but it also transports nutrients. The word xylem is de...	Xylem	[ "Biology" ]	5,810	[ "Plant physiology", "Plants" ]
46,676	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%20fixed-point%20theorem	In mathematics, the Banach fixed-point theorem (also known as the contraction mapping theorem or contractive mapping theorem or Banach–Caccioppoli theorem) is an important tool in the theory of metric spaces; it guarantees the existence and uniqueness of fixed points of certain self-maps of metric spaces and provides a...	Banach fixed-point theorem	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,556	[ "Theorems in mathematical analysis", "Articles containing proofs", "Fixed-point theorems", "Theorems in topology", "Topology", "Space", "Geometry", "Spacetime" ]
46,680	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy%20coding	In information theory, an entropy coding (or entropy encoding) is any lossless data compression method that attempts to approach the lower bound declared by Shannon's source coding theorem, which states that any lossless data compression method must have an expected code length greater than or equal to the entropy of t...	Entropy coding	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	453	[ "Dynamical systems", "Entropy", "Physical quantities", "Entropy and information" ]
46,696	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machaeridia%20%28annelid%29	Machaeridia is an extinct group of armoured, segmented annelid worms, known from the Early Ordovician (Late Tremadoc) to Carboniferous. It consists of three distinct families: the plumulitids, turrilepadids and lepidocoleids. Fossils Only the calcitic sclerites ("armour plates") of these worms tend to be preserved in ...	Machaeridia (annelid)	[ "Biology" ]	878	[ "Biological hypotheses", "Controversial taxa" ]
46,698	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property%20damage	Property damage (sometimes called damage to property), is the damage or destruction of real or tangible personal property, caused by negligence, willful destruction, or an act of nature. Destruction of property (sometimes called property destruction, or criminal damage in England and Wales) is a sub-type of property da...	Property damage	[ "Biology" ]	172	[ "Behavior", "Problem behavior", "Human behavior" ]
46,740	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%27s%20identity	In mathematics, Euler's identity (also known as Euler's equation) is the equality where is Euler's number, the base of natural logarithms, is the imaginary unit, which by definition satisfies , and is pi, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. Euler's identity is named after the Swiss mathemati...	Euler's identity	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,663	[ "Theorems in mathematical analysis", "Theorems in complex analysis", "E (mathematical constant)", "Exponentials", "Mathematical problems", "Mathematical identities", "Mathematical theorems", "Algebra" ]
46,754	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred%20geometry	Sacred geometry ascribes symbolic and sacred meanings to certain geometric shapes and certain geometric proportions. It is associated with the belief of a divine creator of the universal geometer. The geometry used in the design and construction of religious structures such as churches, temples, mosques, religious monu...	Sacred geometry	[ "Engineering" ]	2,343	[ "Sacred geometry", "Architecture" ]
46,770	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-wing%20aircraft	A fixed-wing aircraft is a heavier-than-air aircraft, such as an airplane, which is capable of flight using aerodynamic lift. Fixed-wing aircraft are distinct from rotary-wing aircraft (in which a rotor mounted on a spinning shaft generates lift), and ornithopters (in which the wings oscillate to generate lift). The wi...	Fixed-wing aircraft	[ "Engineering" ]	7,028	[ "Aircraft configurations", "Aerospace engineering" ]
46,784	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Bernoulli	Daniel Bernoulli ( ; ; – 27 March 1782) was a Swiss mathematician and physicist and was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family from Basel. He is particularly remembered for his applications of mathematics to mechanics, especially fluid mechanics, and for his pioneering work in probability an...	Daniel Bernoulli	[ "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	1,284	[ "Mathematical analysis", "Fluid dynamicists", "Mathematical analysts", "Fluid dynamics" ]
46,790	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert%20varnish	Desert varnish or rock varnish is an orange-yellow to black coating found on exposed rock surfaces in arid environments. Desert varnish is approximately one micrometer thick and exhibits nanometer-scale layering. Rock rust and desert patina are other terms which are also used for the condition, but less often. Formati...	Desert varnish	[ "Physics", "Biology" ]	812	[ "Hypothetical life forms", "Ecosystems", "Physical objects", "Deserts", "Rocks", "Matter", "Biological hypotheses" ]
46,793	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death%20Valley%20National%20Park	Death Valley National Park is a national park of the United States that straddles the California–Nevada border, east of the Sierra Nevada. The park boundaries include Death Valley, the northern section of Panamint Valley, the southern section of Eureka Valley and most of Saline Valley. The park occupies an interface z...	Death Valley National Park	[ "Astronomy" ]	6,953	[ "Dark-sky preserves in the United States", "Dark-sky preserves" ]
46,795	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mono%20Lake	Mono Lake ( ) is a saline soda lake in Mono County, California, formed at least 760,000 years ago as a terminal lake in an endorheic basin. The lack of an outlet causes high levels of salts to accumulate in the lake which make its water alkaline. The desert lake has an unusually productive ecosystem based on brine shr...	Mono Lake	[ "Chemistry", "Environmental_science" ]	3,989	[ "Eutrophication", "Environmental chemistry", "Water pollution" ]
46,802	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple%20continued%20fraction	A simple or regular continued fraction is a continued fraction with numerators all equal one, and denominators built from a sequence of integer numbers. The sequence can be finite or infinite, resulting in a finite (or terminated) continued fraction like or an infinite continued fraction like Typically, such a conti...	Simple continued fraction	[ "Mathematics" ]	7,348	[ "Mathematical analysis", "Continued fractions", "Number theory" ]
46,825	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto%20Hahn	Otto Hahn (; 8 March 1879 – 28 July 1968) was a German chemist who was a pioneer in the field of radiochemistry. He is referred to as the father of nuclear chemistry and discoverer of nuclear fission, the science behind nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. Hahn and Lise Meitner discovered isotopes of the radioactive e...	Otto Hahn	[ "Chemistry" ]	13,643	[ "Nuclear chemists" ]
46,828	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilisation	Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to give rise to a zygote and initiate its development into a new individual organism or offspring. While processes such as insemination or pollination, which happen befor...	Fertilisation	[ "Biology" ]	5,517	[ "Biological interactions", "Behavior", "Reproduction" ]
46,860	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan%27s%20constant	In mathematics, Catalan's constant , is the alternating sum of the reciprocals of the odd square numbers, being defined by: where is the Dirichlet beta function. Its numerical value is approximately Catalan's constant was named after Eugène Charles Catalan, who found quickly-converging series for its calculat...	Catalan's constant	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,023	[ "Discrete mathematics", "Mathematical objects", "Combinatorics", "nan", "Mathematical constants", "Numbers" ]
46,863	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric%20warfare	Asymmetric warfare (or asymmetric engagement) is a type of war between belligerents whose relative military power, strategy or tactics differ significantly. This type of warfare often, but not necessarily, involves insurgents, terrorist groups, or resistance militias operating within territory mostly controlled by the ...	Asymmetric warfare	[ "Physics" ]	6,386	[ "Symmetry", "Asymmetry" ]
46,890	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency-hopping%20spread%20spectrum	Frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) is a method of transmitting radio signals by rapidly changing the carrier frequency among many frequencies occupying a large spectral band. The changes are controlled by a code known to both transmitter and receiver. FHSS is used to avoid interference, to prevent eavesdropping, ...	Frequency-hopping spread spectrum	[ "Physics" ]	1,960	[ "Physical phenomena", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Radio frequency propagation", "Electromagnetic spectrum", "Waves" ]
46,895	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%20numbers	In mathematics, the Euler numbers are a sequence En of integers defined by the Taylor series expansion , where is the hyperbolic cosine function. The Euler numbers are related to a special value of the Euler polynomials, namely: The Euler numbers appear in the Taylor series expansions of the secant and hyperbolic ...	Euler numbers	[ "Mathematics" ]	752	[ "Sequences and series", "Integer sequences", "Mathematical structures", "Recreational mathematics", "Mathematical objects", "Combinatorics", "Numbers", "Number theory" ]
46,943	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio%20time%20stretching%20and%20pitch%20scaling	Time stretching is the process of changing the speed or duration of an audio signal without affecting its pitch. Pitch scaling is the opposite: the process of changing the pitch without affecting the speed. Pitch shift is pitch scaling implemented in an effects unit and intended for live performance. Pitch control is a...	Audio time stretching and pitch scaling	[ "Engineering" ]	2,126	[ "Electrical engineering", "Audio engineering" ]
46,955	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity%20map%20pattern	In the design of DBMS, the identity map pattern is a database access design pattern used to improve performance by providing a context-specific, in-memory cache to prevent duplicate retrieval of the same object data from the database. If the requested data has already been loaded from the database, the identity map re...	Identity map pattern	[ "Technology" ]	140	[ "Computing stubs", "Computer science", "Computer science stubs" ]
46,956	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cepstrum	In Fourier analysis, the cepstrum (; plural cepstra, adjective cepstral) is the result of computing the inverse Fourier transform (IFT) of the logarithm of the estimated signal spectrum. The method is a tool for investigating periodic structures in frequency spectra. The power cepstrum has applications in the analysis ...	Cepstrum	[ "Physics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,943	[ "Telecommunications engineering", "Computer engineering", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Signal processing", "Frequency-domain analysis" ]
46,961	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Crapper	Thomas Crapper (baptised 28 September 1836; died 27 January 1910) was an English plumber and businessman. He founded Thomas Crapper & Co in London, a plumbing equipment company. His notability with regard to toilets has often been overstated, mostly due to the publication in 1969 of a fictional biography by New Zealand...	Thomas Crapper	[ "Biology" ]	1,152	[ "Excretion", "Toilets" ]
46,966	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep%20disorder	A sleep disorder, or somnipathy, is a medical disorder affecting an individual's sleep patterns, sometimes impacting physical, mental, social, and emotional functioning. Polysomnography and actigraphy are tests commonly ordered for diagnosing sleep disorders. Sleep disorders are broadly classified into dyssomnias, par...	Sleep disorder	[ "Biology" ]	7,407	[ "Behavior", "Sleep", "Sleep disorders" ]
46,980	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollen	Pollen is a powdery substance produced by most types of flowers of seed plants for the purpose of sexual reproduction. It consists of pollen grains (highly reduced microgametophytes), which produce male gametes (sperm cells). Pollen grains have a hard coat made of sporopollenin that protects the gametophytes during t...	Pollen	[ "Biology" ]	4,842	[ "Plant morphology", "Plants" ]
46,981	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scutum%20%28constellation%29	Scutum is a small constellation. Its name is Latin for shield, and it was originally named Scutum Sobiescianum by Johannes Hevelius in 1684. Located just south of the celestial equator, its four brightest stars form a narrow diamond shape. It is one of the 88 IAU designated constellations defined in 1922. History Sc...	Scutum (constellation)	[ "Astronomy" ]	918	[ "Scutum (constellation)", "Southern constellations", "Constellations", "Constellations listed by Johannes Hevelius" ]
46,982	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission%20system	In telecommunications, a transmission system is a system that transmits a signal from one place to another. The signal can be an electrical, optical or radio signal. The goal of a transmission system is to transmit data accurately and efficiently from point A to point B over a distance, using a variety of technologies ...	Transmission system	[ "Technology" ]	665	[ "Telecommunications systems" ]
46,999	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer%20solution	A buffer solution is a solution where the pH does not change significantly on dilution or if an acid or base is added at constant temperature. Its pH changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is added to it. Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide var...	Buffer solution	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,859	[ "Acid–base chemistry", "Buffer solutions", "Acid–base physiology", "Equilibrium chemistry", "nan" ]
47,000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colocation%20centre	A colocation centre (also spelled co-location, or shortened to colo) or "carrier hotel", is a type of data centre where equipment, space, and bandwidth are available for rental to retail customers. Colocation facilities provide space, power, cooling, and physical security for the server, storage, and networking equipme...	Colocation centre	[ "Technology" ]	1,446	[ "Data centers", "Internet architecture", "IT infrastructure", "Computers" ]
47,011	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrhenius%20equation	In physical chemistry, the Arrhenius equation is a formula for the temperature dependence of reaction rates. The equation was proposed by Svante Arrhenius in 1889, based on the work of Dutch chemist Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff who had noted in 1884 that the van 't Hoff equation for the temperature dependence of equili...	Arrhenius equation	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	2,243	[ "Chemical reaction engineering", "Equations of physics", "Eponymous equations of physics", "Statistical mechanics", "Chemical kinetics" ]
47,012	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peering	In computer networking, peering is a voluntary interconnection of administratively separate Internet networks for the purpose of exchanging traffic between the "down-stream" users of each network. Peering is settlement-free, also known as "bill-and-keep" or "sender keeps all", meaning that neither party pays the other ...	Peering	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	3,955	[ "Net neutrality", "Internet architecture", "IT infrastructure", "Computer networks engineering" ]
47,014	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric%20time	Metric time is the measure of time intervals using the metric system. The modern SI system defines the second as the base unit of time, and forms multiples and submultiples with metric prefixes such as kiloseconds and milliseconds. Other units of time – minute, hour, and day – are accepted for use with SI, but are not ...	Metric time	[ "Physics" ]	1,289	[ "Spacetime", "Time measurement systems", "Physical quantities", "Time" ]
47,096	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich%20Engels	Friedrich Engels ( ; ; 28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895; in English also spelled as "Frederick Engels") was a German philosopher, political theorist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. He was also a businessman and Karl Marx's lifelong friend and closest collaborator, serving as a leading authority on ...	Friedrich Engels	[ "Physics" ]	8,801	[ "Materialism", "Matter", "Materialists" ]
47,102	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP%20over%20Avian%20Carriers	In computer networking, IP over Avian Carriers (IPoAC) is an ostensibly functional proposal to carry Internet Protocol (IP) traffic by birds such as homing pigeons. IP over Avian Carriers was initially described in issued by the Internet Engineering Task Force, written by David Waitzman, and released on April 1, 1990...	IP over Avian Carriers	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,819	[ "Wireless networking", "Internet architecture", "IT infrastructure", "Computer networks engineering" ]
47,107	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosgene	Phosgene is an organic chemical compound with the formula . It is a toxic, colorless gas; in low concentrations, its musty odor resembles that of freshly cut hay or grass. It can be thought of chemically as the double acyl chloride analog of carbonic acid, or structurally as formaldehyde with the hydrogen atoms replace...	Phosgene	[ "Chemistry" ]	3,050	[ "Inorganic compounds", "Chemical weapons", "Inorganic carbon compounds", "Reagents for organic chemistry", "World War I chemical weapons", "Pulmonary agents" ]
47,172	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misanthropy	Misanthropy is the general hatred, dislike, or distrust of the human species, human behavior, or human nature. A misanthrope or misanthropist is someone who holds such views or feelings. Misanthropy involves a negative evaluative attitude toward humanity that is based on humankind's flaws. Misanthropes hold that these ...	Misanthropy	[ "Biology" ]	7,434	[ "Anti-social behaviour", "Behavior", "Human behavior" ]
47,200	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4%20Vesta	Vesta (minor-planet designation: 4 Vesta) is one of the largest objects in the asteroid belt, with a mean diameter of . It was discovered by the German astronomer Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias Olbers on 29 March 1807 and is named after Vesta, the virgin goddess of home and hearth from Roman mythology. Vesta is thought to ...	4 Vesta	[ "Astronomy" ]	5,833	[ "Outer space", "Solar System" ]
47,264	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid%20belt	The asteroid belt is a torus-shaped region in the Solar System, centered on the Sun and roughly spanning the space between the orbits of the planets Jupiter and Mars. It contains a great many solid, irregularly shaped bodies called asteroids or minor planets. The identified objects are of many sizes, but much smaller t...	Asteroid belt	[ "Astronomy" ]	6,510	[ "Outer space", "Solar System" ]
47,266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNICOS	UNICOS is a range of Unix and later Linux operating system (OS) variants developed by Cray for its supercomputers. UNICOS is the successor of the Cray Operating System (COS). It provides network clustering and source code compatibility layers for some other Unixes. UNICOS was originally introduced in 1985 with the Cray...	UNICOS	[ "Technology" ]	849	[ "Supercomputer operating systems", "Supercomputing" ]
47,271	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge	Sponges or sea sponges are primarily marine invertebrates of the metazoan phylum Porifera ( ; meaning 'pore bearer'), a basal animal clade and a sister taxon of the diploblasts. They are sessile filter feeders that are bound to the seabed, and are one of the most ancient members of macrobenthos, with many historical sp...	Sponge	[ "Biology" ]	11,395	[ "Parazoa", "Sponges", "Animals" ]
47,279	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed%20set	In geometry, topology, and related branches of mathematics, a closed set is a set whose complement is an open set. In a topological space, a closed set can be defined as a set which contains all its limit points. In a complete metric space, a closed set is a set which is closed under the limit operation. This should no...	Closed set	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,300	[ "General topology", "Topology" ]
47,280	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure%20bias	In economics and social policy, infrastructure bias is the influence of the location and availability of pre-existing infrastructure, such as roads and telecommunications facilities, on social and economic development. In science, infrastructure bias is the influence of existing social or scientific infrastructure on ...	Infrastructure bias	[ "Engineering" ]	200	[ "Construction", "Infrastructure" ]
47,306	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular%20open%20set	A subset of a topological space is called a regular open set if it is equal to the interior of its closure; expressed symbolically, if or, equivalently, if where and denote, respectively, the interior, closure and boundary of A subset of is called a regular closed set if it is equal to the closure of its int...	Regular open set	[ "Mathematics" ]	371	[ "General topology", "Topology" ]
11,782,911	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABA%20receptor%20antagonist	GABA receptor antagonists are drugs that inhibit the action of GABA. In general these drugs produce stimulant and convulsant effects, and are mainly used for counteracting overdoses of sedative drugs. Examples include bicuculline, securinine and metrazol, and the benzodiazepine GABAA receptor antagonist flumazenil. ...	GABA receptor antagonist	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	144	[ "Biochemistry", "nan" ]
11,783,365	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence%20of%20events%20recorder	A sequence of events recorder (SER) is an intelligent standalone microprocessor based system, which monitors external inputs and records the time and sequence of the changes. They usually have an external time source such as a GPS or radio clock. When wired inputs change state, the time and state of each change is reco...	Sequence of events recorder	[ "Technology" ]	281	[ "Computing stubs", "Recording devices", "Computer hardware stubs" ]
11,783,757	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bateson%27s%20cube	Bateson's cube is a model of the cost–benefit analysis for animal research developed by Professor Patrick Bateson, president of the Zoological Society of London. Background Bateson's cube evaluates proposed research through three criteria: the degree of animal suffering, the quality of the research, the potential ...	Bateson's cube	[ "Chemistry" ]	257	[ "Animal testing" ]
11,783,828	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MK-886	MK-886, or L-663536, is a leukotriene antagonist. It may perform this by blocking the 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP), thus inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), and may help in treating atherosclerosis. References Indoles Thioethers 4-Chlorophenyl compounds Isopropyl compounds Carboxylic acids Tert-butyl compo...	MK-886	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	101	[ "Biotechnology stubs", "Carboxylic acids", "Functional groups", "Biochemistry stubs", "Biochemistry" ]
11,784,110	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linphone	Linphone (contraction of Linux phone) is a free voice over IP softphone, SIP client and service. It may be used for audio and video direct calls and calls through any VoIP softswitch or IP-PBX. Linphone also provides the possibility to exchange instant messages. It has a simple multilanguage interface based on Qt for G...	Linphone	[ "Technology" ]	565	[ "Instant messaging", "Instant messaging clients" ]
11,785,111	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dung%20midden	Dung middens, also known as dung hills, are piles of dung that mammals periodically return to and build up. They are used as a form of territorial marker. A range of animals are known to use them including steenbok, hyrax, and rhinoceros. Other animals are attracted to middens for a variety of purposes, including findi...	Dung midden	[ "Biology" ]	2,578	[ "Behavioural sciences", "Ethology", "Behavior" ]
11,785,522	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weyl%20integral	In mathematics, the Weyl integral (named after Hermann Weyl) is an operator defined, as an example of fractional calculus, on functions f on the unit circle having integral 0 and a Fourier series. In other words there is a Fourier series for f of the form with a0 = 0. Then the Weyl integral operator of order s is ...	Weyl integral	[ "Mathematics" ]	176	[ "Fractional calculus", "Calculus" ]
11,785,669	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trench%20shoring	Trench shoring is the process of bracing the walls of a trench to prevent collapse and cave-ins. The phrase can also be used as a noun to refer to the materials used in the process. Several methods can be used to shore up a trench. Hydraulic shoring is the use of hydraulic pistons that can be pumped outward until th...	Trench shoring	[ "Technology" ]	223	[ "Structural system", "Geotechnical shoring structures" ]
11,787,239	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimony%28III%29%20acetate	Antimony(III) acetate is the compound of antimony with the chemical formula of Sb(CH3CO2)3. It is a white powder, is moderately water-soluble, and is used as a catalyst in the production of polyesters. Preparation It can be prepared by the reaction of antimony(III) oxide with acetic anhydride: Sb2O3 + 3 C4H6O3 → ...	Antimony(III) acetate	[ "Chemistry" ]	177	[ "Inorganic compounds", "Inorganic compound stubs" ]
11,787,655	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali%20soil	Alkali, or alkaline, soils are clay soils with high pH (greater than 8.5), a poor soil structure and a low infiltration capacity. Often they have a hard calcareous layer at 0.5 to 1 metre depth. Alkali soils owe their unfavorable physico-chemical properties mainly to the dominating presence of sodium carbonate, which ...	Alkali soil	[ "Chemistry" ]	3,730	[ "Soil chemistry", "Alkaline soils" ]
11,787,686	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daly%20detector	A Daly detector is a gas-phase ion detector that consists of a metal "doorknob", a scintillator (phosphor screen) and a photomultiplier. It was named after its inventor Norman Richard Daly. Daly detectors are typically used in mass spectrometers. Principle of operation Ions that hit the doorknob release secondary elec...	Daly detector	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	277	[ "Luminescence", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Instrumental analysis", "Mass", "Measuring instruments", "Particle detectors", "Phosphors and scintillators", "Mass spectrometry", "nan", "Matter" ]
11,788,703	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansamycin	Ansamycins is a family of bacterial secondary metabolites that show antimicrobial activity against many Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria, and includes various compounds, including streptovaricins and rifamycins. In addition, these compounds demonstrate antiviral activity towards bacteriophages and poxviru...	Ansamycin	[ "Chemistry" ]	326	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Natural products", "Functional groups", "Organic compounds", "Polyketides", "Ethers" ]
11,788,913	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioaerosol	Bioaerosols (short for biological aerosols) are a subcategory of particles released from terrestrial and marine ecosystems into the atmosphere. They consist of both living and non-living components, such as fungi, pollen, bacteria and viruses. Common sources of bioaerosols include soil, water, and sewage. Bioaerosols ...	Bioaerosol	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	4,120	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Colloids", "Aerosols", "nan", "Physical chemistry" ]
11,789,067	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compatible%20ink	Compatible ink (or compatible toner) is manufactured by third-party manufacturers and is designed to work in designated printers without infringing on patents of printer manufacturers. Compatible inks and toners may come in a variety of packaging including sealed plastic wraps or taped plastic wraps. Regardless of pack...	Compatible ink	[ "Physics" ]	580	[ "Printing materials", "Materials", "Matter" ]
11,789,562	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Earl%20%28academic%29	Michael John Earl (born 1 November 1944) is a British academic, Formerly Dean of Templeton College, Oxford, Pro-Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University, and Professor of Information Management in the University of Oxford, known for his work on strategic information systems planning. Biography Earl was educated at the Un...	Michael Earl (academic)	[ "Technology" ]	855	[ "Information systems", "Information systems researchers" ]
11,789,595	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MALDI%20imaging	MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization as a mass spectrometry imaging technique in which the sample, often a thin tissue section, is moved in two dimensions while the mass spectrum is recorded. Advantages, like measuring the distribution of a large amount o...	MALDI imaging	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,126	[ "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Instrumental analysis", "Mass", "Mass spectrometry", "Matter" ]
11,789,724	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absinthe	Absinthe (, ) is an anise-flavored spirit derived from several plants, including the flowers and leaves of Artemisia absinthium ("grand wormwood"), together with green anise, sweet fennel, and other medicinal and culinary herbs. Historically described as a highly alcoholic spirit, it is 45–74% ABV or 90–148 proof in th...	Absinthe	[ "Chemistry" ]	9,752	[ "Distillation", "Distilled drinks" ]
11,790,206	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic%20scorer	An automatic scorer is the computerized scoring system to keep track of scoring in ten-pin bowling. It was introduced en masse in bowling alleys in the 1970s and combined with mechanical pinsetters to detect overturned pins. By eliminating the need for manual score-keeping, these systems have introduced new bowlers in...	Automatic scorer	[ "Engineering" ]	1,062	[ "Control engineering", "Automation" ]
11,790,568	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percolation%20threshold	The percolation threshold is a mathematical concept in percolation theory that describes the formation of long-range connectivity in random systems. Below the threshold a giant connected component does not exist; while above it, there exists a giant component of the order of system size. In engineering and coffee makin...	Percolation threshold	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Mathematics" ]	4,766	[ "Physical phenomena", "Phase transitions", "Critical phenomena", "Percolation theory", "Graph theory", "Combinatorics", "Mathematical relations", "Condensed matter physics", "Random graphs", "Statistical mechanics", "Dynamical systems" ]
14,450,284	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai%20Synchrotron%20Radiation%20Facility	The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) () is a synchrotron-radiation light source facility in Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Located in an eighteen-hectare campus at Shanghai National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, on the Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park in the Pudong district. SSRF is operated by the Shangha...	Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility	[ "Materials_science" ]	373	[ "Materials testing", "Synchrotron radiation facilities" ]
14,450,419	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropogenic%20biome	Anthropogenic biomes, also known as anthromes, human biomes or intensive land-use biome, describe the terrestrial biosphere (biomes) in its contemporary, human-altered form using global ecosystem units defined by global patterns of sustained direct human interaction with ecosystems. Anthromes are generally composed of ...	Anthropogenic biome	[ "Engineering" ]	2,931	[ "Urban planning", "Architecture" ]
14,451,712	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halstead%20complexity%20measures	Halstead complexity measures are software metrics introduced by Maurice Howard Halstead in 1977 as part of his treatise on establishing an empirical science of software development. Halstead made the observation that metrics of the software should reflect the implementation or expression of algorithms in different lang...	Halstead complexity measures	[ "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	553	[ "Software engineering", "Quantity", "Metrics", "Software metrics" ]
14,452,251	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban%20Traffic%20Management%20and%20Control	The Urban Traffic Management Control or UTMC programme is the main initiative in the United Kingdom for the development of a more open approach to Intelligent Transport Systems or ITS in urban areas. Originating as a Government research programme, the initiative is now managed by a community forum, the UTMC Developmen...	Urban Traffic Management and Control	[ "Technology" ]	1,581	[ "Real-time computing", "Transport systems", "Information systems", "Warning systems", "Intelligent transportation systems" ]
14,452,661	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trk%20receptor	Trk receptors are a family of tyrosine kinases that regulates synaptic strength and plasticity in the mammalian nervous system. Trk receptors affect neuronal survival and differentiation through several signaling cascades. However, the activation of these receptors also has significant effects on functional properties ...	Trk receptor	[ "Chemistry" ]	3,338	[ "Tyrosine kinase receptors", "Signal transduction" ]
14,453,419	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VHDL-AMS	VHDL-AMS is a derivative of the hardware description language VHDL (IEEE 1076-2002). It includes analog and mixed-signal extensions (AMS) in order to define the behavior of analog and mixed-signal systems (IEEE 1076.1-2017). The VHDL-AMS standard was created with the intent of enabling designers of analog and mixed si...	VHDL-AMS	[ "Engineering" ]	454	[ "Electronic engineering", "Hardware description languages" ]
14,453,424	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinning%20points	In a crystalline material, a dislocation is capable of traveling throughout the lattice when relatively small stresses are applied. This movement of dislocations results in the material plastically deforming. Pinning points in the material act to halt a dislocation's movement, requiring a greater amount of force to be ...	Pinning points	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	474	[ "Physical phenomena", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Physical quantities", "Metallurgy", "Quantity", "Materials science", "Crystallography", "Crystals", "Condensed matter physics", "nan", "Physical properties" ]
14,454,590	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pivaloyloxymethyl	Pivaloyloxymethyl (POM, pivoxil, pivoxyl) is a protecting group used in organic synthesis. The POM radical has the formula (CH3)3C-CO-O-CH2. The POM group is also sometimes used to produce prodrugs. For example, the POM group can be attached to a negatively charged organophosphate group(s) of a drug causing a neutra...	Pivaloyloxymethyl	[ "Chemistry" ]	244	[ "Protecting groups", "Functional groups", "Reagents for organic chemistry" ]
14,455,119	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPR179	Probable G-protein coupled receptor 179 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR179 gene. Clinical relevance Mutations in this gene have been associated to cases of congenital stationary Night Blindness. References Further reading G protein-coupled receptors	GPR179	[ "Chemistry" ]	50	[ "G protein-coupled receptors", "Signal transduction" ]
14,455,317	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutinase	The enzyme cutinase (systematic name: cutin hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.74) is a member of the hydrolase family. It catalyzes the following reaction: R1COOR2 + H2O -> R1COOH + R2OH In biological systems, the reactant carboxylic ester is a constituent of the cutin polymer, and the hydrolysis of cutin results in the formation o...	Cutinase	[ "Biology" ]	1,497	[ "Protein domains", "Protein classification" ]
14,456,747	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miga%2C%20Quatchi%2C%20Sumi%20and%20Mukmuk	Miga and Quatchi are the official mascots of the 2010 Winter Olympics, Sumi is the official mascot of the 2010 Winter Paralympics, and Mukmuk is their designated "sidekick" for both games, held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The four mascots were introduced on November 27, 2007. They were designed by the Canad...	Miga, Quatchi, Sumi and Mukmuk	[ "Biology" ]	1,010	[ "Fictional hybrids", "Hybrid organisms" ]
14,456,810	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollakanth	A pollakanth is a plant that reproduces, flowers and sets seed recurrently during its life. The term was first used by Frans R. Kjellman. Other terms with the same meaning are polycarpic and iteroparous. Its antonym is hapaxanth. Plant life-forms	Pollakanth	[ "Biology" ]	70	[ "Plant life-forms", "Plants" ]

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.